LIST OF TERMS IN PHYSICS CHAPTER ONE: WAVES ITEM Waves Gelombang Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves Amplitude Period Frequency Wavelength Damping Resonance Natural frequency Forced oscillation Reflection of waves Angle of incidence Diffraction of waves
MEANING / DEFINITION Transfer of energy from one point to another point without the transfer of matter A wave which the particles of the medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave A wave which the particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave Maximum displacement from the equilibrium Time taken to complete one oscillation The number of complete oscillations in one second The shortest distance between two successive points oscillating in phase Loss of energy to the surrounding The system is made to oscillate at its natural frequency The frequency of a system when it oscillates freely Occurs when an external force acts on a system Change of the direction of propagation of waves when it strikes an obstacle The angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave and the normal The spreading of waves when they move through a gap or around an obstacle
Refraction of waves
The bending of waves when they enter different medium
Interference
Superposition of two coherent waves constructively or destructively
CHAPTER TWO : ELECTRICITY ITEM Van de Graaff Electric Current Electric field Power Potential difference, V Ohm’s law
Electromotive force Resistance
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MEANING / DEFINITION Device that produces and store electric charges at high voltage on its dome Rate of flow of electric charge Region in which an electric charge experiences an electric force The rate of energy dissipated or transferred Work done to move 1 coulomb of charges from 1 point to another point in a circuit. Electric current,I flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the ends of the ohmic conductor. Work done in moving a coulomb of charge from one terminal to another terminal of a battery Measure of the ability of a conductor to resist the flow of an electric current through it.
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CHAPTER THREE : ELECTROMAGNETISM ITEM Electromagnet
Magnetic field Lenz’ Law Faraday’s Law Electromagnetic induction Transformer
National Grid Network
Renewable resources Non-renewable resources Direct current Alternating current
MEANING / DEFINITION Magnet made by winding a coil of insulated wire around a soft iron core so that a magnetic field is produced when a current is passed through the coil The region around a magnet where a magnetic force is experienced The direction of the induced current always opposes the change producing it The magnitude of the induced current is directly proportional to the rate of cutting of the magnetic flux When a wire moves and cuts the magnetic field lines or magnetic flux and e.m.f. is induced across wire. A device that changes the magnitude of an alternating current voltage. Step-up: Supplies an output voltage that is higher than the input voltage Step-down: Supplies an output voltage that is lower than the input voltage Network of mostly overhead cables supported on pylons which receives power from power stations and supplies it to homes and factories. All forms of energy derived from natural resources. All forms of energy that are not replaceable or depleting. Current which flows in one direction only. Current that flows to and fro in two opposite directions in the circuit.
CHAPTER FOUR : ELECTRONICS ITEM Thermionic Emission Cathode Rays Maltese Cross Tube Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O) Semiconductor
MEANING / DEFINITION Release of electrons which may gain sufficient energy to escape from heated metal cathode. A beam of electrons moving at high speed in a vacuum. A special cathode ray tube used to investigate the properties of cathode rays. An instrument that converts electronic and electrical signals to a visual display. A group of materials that can conduct better than insulators but not as good as metal conductors.
Doping
A process of adding dopants such as antimony and boron to a semiconductor to increase its conductivity.
Diode
A component (device) that allows electric current to flow in one direction only. A circuit that has one or more input signals but only one output signal and is applied in a computer and other electronic devices. A device that can store electric charge, smooth out waveform in the rectified output and separate the alternating current (a.c) and direct current (d.c) (as a filter). A current amplifier by allowing a small current to control a
Logic Gates
Capasitor
Transistors
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larger current. A process of converting alternating current (a.c) to direct current (d.c). Semiconductors that are pure materials. Semiconductors that have a specific amount of impurity elements added into them.
Rectification Intrinsic Extrinsic
CHAPTER FIVE : RADIOACTIVITY ITEM Nucleus
Nuclide
Proton Number ,Z Nucleon Number, A Isotopes Radioactivity
Half-life Radioisotopes Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion Chain Reaction
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MEANING / DEFINITION It is a matter consists of atom. and proton and neutron with electrons revolving around the nucleus like the planet revolving around the Sun. A Particle structure A X Z The symbol as above with A is for nucleon number Z is for proton number and X is for element of substances. T The number of protons in a nucleus The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutron The spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus accompanied by the emission of energetic particles or photons The spontaneous and random emission of radioactive rays from unstable radioactive materials after which they become more stable Th Half - life of radioactive source is the time taken for half number of the nuclei in a sample of radioactive atoms to decay Radioactive emissions from an isotope and are naturally occurring or artificially produced. Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei when bombarded with a neutron releasing a large amount of energy during the process. The combination of small atoms into a larger atom and with the release of heat A self – sustaining reaction in which the products of a reaction can initiate another similar reaction by a neutron.
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