S
JANGHANPYEONG Automobile Industry SITE ANALYSIS
Middle subject asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf
HANYANG University Architecture design
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
HANYANG University Architecture design
Index
Overview Geographical features Economy Social Issues Conclusion JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
Overview
HANYANG University Architecture design
O University of Seoul
Landmarks Most sites in the north of the site are residential and there is Jungnag Water Treatment Center south in the site. Jungnang Water Treatment Center is recognized as an abominated facility, surrounded by rivers and lakes, and isolated from the citizens. Janghanpyeong Automobile Industrial zone located between the Water Treatment Center and the residential area serves as a buffer zone to buffer the aversion facilities.
Residential Area
Jong Ro
Cheonggye Stream
Surrounding the site are edcucational facilities and large industrial complexes that show the potential possibility of the site.
Site
Cheonho Blvd.
Jungnang Stream Hanyang Univ.
Jeungnang Water Recycling Center
Sejong Univ.
Cheonho Dong
Seongsudong
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
O Site Location The Janghanpyeong Automobile Industiral Zone is located in Seoul and is located at the border of two district:Dongdaemun-gu and Seongdong-gu. Jungnang Stream and Cheonggye Stream are flowing around the site and there are many car-related business in the site boundary.
SEOUL
DONGDAEMUN_GU SEONGDONG_GU
Automobile industry Area
HANYANG University Architecture design
O The Only Automobile Cluster Used and Remanufacture Auto Parts 220
The Janghanpyeong Automobile Industrial Zone is divided into sectors and is the only region in Korea where used car shops, parts industry, repairs and maintenance are all gathered and clustered. Each industry maintains a complementary relationship and has revived the region's economy.
Used Car Dealership 480
New Car Dealership 9
New Auto Parts 1,100
Car Repair 20
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
O
Joseon Dynasty
Japanese Occupation
1970`s
마장안벌(field in the inside of a horse racecourse) The name Janghan-
Janghanpyeong is the floodplain of Jungnangcheon.Due to its geographical characteristics, it was used as fertile agricultural land during the Japanese occupation period.
By land improvement, the settlement was transformed into a residential area from the plains of the mainland. The road were expanded and the land was renovated.
pyeong derives from the characteristics of the area in the Joseon Dynasty. At that time, Janghanpyeong area was a horse field that grazed military horses.
HANYANG University Architecture design
76 Location of Jungnang Water Treatment Center 78 Government transfered ineligible areas to the city outskirts. Used car market complex has settled in Janghanpyeong.
1980`s 82 Related companies were concentrated and component market complex were constructed. Development around the area. Expansion of Jungnang Water Treatment Center. Expansion of Gunja Street.
1990`s
2000`s
Due to the Prevalnace of decadent business the influx of foregin population activated the commercial sector.
Decrease in sales due to economic recession in the early 2000s. Aging of used car trading complex, and harsh industrial environment. Increase in online used car market and outskirts modern marketing complex.
98 Opening of Internal Circuit and Janghanpyeong Station.
08 Crackdown on decadent business and increase in sales of used car online, commercial area has been broken. JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
Geographical issues
HANYANG University Architecture design
G Geographically isolated This area is divided into Cheonggyecheon stream to the west, the eastern trunk road to the east and Jungnangcheon to the east, and the Jungang water center to the south. It is only accessible to Chungho Street, and there is a need to go back to Cheonho Street to go south from the site.
SITE
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
G Geographical issues
Baebong Mountain (108m)
g ong
B
Jungrang Stream
C
Cheonggye Stream
Site
B
am
A
Ju
ng
na
The west of the site is the sea level (65.5) m of Sageon-dong where Hanyang University is located, Baebong mountain (108m) to the north, and Acha mountain (384m) to the east. The South of the site is also flat terrian area like Janghanpyoeng .But that site is adjacent to Hanriver so that Seongdong area is more water related than Janghanpyeong Area.
A`
re
m
Sageon-dong hill (65m)
Used car Market
St
trea
C
A
ng
A
Ahcha mountain (384m)
JanghanPyeong
ye S
The Cheonggye stream flows the west and Jungnang Stream flow east and south of the site. From the south of the site, two streams join togeter and flow into the Han River.
Che
From a geographical point of view, the elevation in the Janganpyeong area is about 13m above sea level, and the site belongs to most flat terrain within 5m elevation difference. ("í?‰"="Pyeong" means a terrian in Korean).
Seongdong
Han River
A
HANYANG University Architecture design
A`
G am Str e ang
Blv.
On the microscale, Jungnangcheon flows on the east side of the site. This place has formed an embarkment structure due to frequent flooding. Even two big highway is located on the structure, So It is impossible to reach Jungrangcheon because of this.
gn
Cheonho
em ba n
B
Jun
Janghanpyeong
km en
t
Segregated with Stream
Gu
nk
m
en
t
nja
Bri
dg
e
em
ba
B'
embankment
B
Janghanpyeong
Jungnang stream
B`
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
G Vehicle Friendly Most of the roads on this site are 2 lane roads. The road system is held in a grid type that the vehicle is easy to go deep to the road. There is a bus stop along the street, and there is a subway station, so access to public transportation is easy
Subway Bus stop
2 Lane road Site boundary HANYANG University Architecture design
G Mixed Program
A B
Area A
Playground between the industry
janghanpy eong is good Janghany eong is nice janghan p yeong is go od Janghanpye ong is nicej a nghanpy eong is g ood Janghan p yeong is niceja nghanpye ong is g ood Janghanpyeon g is nice asdkfjlakjsdf as
C
Area B
Area C
School next to the industry
Industry next to the residence
Residential
Unpleasent
Comercial
Automobile industry JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
G Building Age More than 80% of buildings in Janghanpyeong are aged over 30 years. Deteriorated buildings spoil the scenery and it strikes a huge blow to consumer trust. Some old buildings are actually dangerous to citizens and lowers the quality of living
over than 30 years
80.5%
HANYANG University Architecture design
under 30 years
G Pedestrian Unfriendly Except the parts along Cheonho Blvd, sidewalks are insufficient, Even on some sidewalks car components are parked. So people are walking on the streets where automobiles are passing.
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
Economy
HANYANG University Architecture design
E Auto Industry in Korea The Korean automobile industry has been a fast chaser (follower).Prior to the mid-2000s, we continued to pursue quantitative growth based on quality improvement and price competitiveness. In the mid-2000s, the Korean auto industry grew steadily in that it have created a platform for sustainable growth by adding qualitative competitiveness such as design and brand value. When the global financial crisis of 2008 led to an explosion in the demand for compact cars, Korea became the driving force in this market. In particular, the fact that Hyundai and Kia Motors grew to be among the top three companies in China, India, and Russia, which have high growth potential, shows that growth potential is bright for the future.
5 million 4,234,932 4 million
3 million
Rank Nation Unit[thousand] 1 China 23,723 2 USA 11,650 3 Japan 9,775 4 Germany 5,928 5 S. Korea 4,525 6 India 3,840 7 Mexico 3,220
2 million
Occupancy 26.3% 12.9% 10.2% 6.6% 5% 4.3% 3.6%
R ate of change 7.3% 5.3% 1.5% 0.9% 0.1% -1.4% 5.5%
RANK OF CAR PRODUCTION
1 million
0 1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2014
CAR PRODUCITON IN KOREA
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN ECONOMY OF KOREA Employment
(thousand people)
7.8% 8.1%
23,830
1,750(7.3%)
8.6% 8.8% 8.8%
6.4%
Volume of Manufacture (trillion won)
1,502.4 170.8(11.4%)
Added value (trillion won)
480.2 50.7(10.6%)
Tax revenue 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
KOREAN AUTOMOBILE'S GLOBAL MARKET SHARE
(trillion won)
238
38.2(16.0%) Overall
Automobile Industry JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
SE Used car deal
Used Car Market in Korea The domestic used car sales market started after the licensing system was implemented on January 25, 1972, and the used car industry was started with the opening of Janghanpyeong car market located in Seongdong-gu, Seoul.
4,568 Company
401 unit per/year 33 unit per/month
29,698 Worker
Since then, the used car market has continued to grow. Currently, the number of registered trading companies nationwide is 4,538 by 2015 and 29,698 by the number of formal employees who have been issued employee certificates. The average of 401 firms per month It sells and sells 33 used cars.
New car deal
4,568 Company
COMPARISON IN NEW CAR AND USED CAR SALES OF KOREA
USED CAR INDUSTRY STATUS
4,568 Company 29,698 Worker 4,568 Company 4,568 Company 29,698 Worker
HANYANG University Architecture design
401 unit per/year 401 unit per/year 33 unit per/month 33 unit per/month
NEW CAR AND USED CAR SALES COMPARISON OF 3 MAIN COUNTRY
Nation
New car
Used car
S. KOREA
1.47 mil
3.26 mil (1 : 2.22)
USA
11.58 mil
36.88 mil (1 : 3.18)
JAPAN
2.69 mil
3.77 mil (1 : 1.4)
2
SE Export of Used Car Used car exports are up about 16% YoY in 2011. Growth slowed slightly due to the 2010 unrest in the Middle East and import regulations, but then the overall growth will continue. Exports are rising due to increased exports in Russia and increased awareness of Korean carmakers. Exports of used cars are expected to increase in the future, considering the low cost of domestic cars, smooth parts procurement, and improved fuel efficiency.
MAIN USED CAR EXPORT TARGET COUNTRY Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nation Jordan Russia Mongolia Laos Gana Ribia Chile Vietnam Kyrgyzstan Kambodia
2010 74,530 12,168 8,899 11,414 11,324 26,531 6,389 14,402 6,869 5,407
2011 64,910 21,729 14,527 13,280 12,375 9,712 8,655 8,205 6,212 5,703 JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
E Used Car Purchase Route Used car transactions are made in two ways: direct transactions and indirect transactions. Direct transaction means direct transaction between the parties without going through intermediaries, and indirect transaction means intermediary way. Referring to the graph, the main transaction method of the recent users is becoming more important the type through intermediaries.
80 70 Indirect Purchase
60 50 40 Direct Purchase
30 20
(%)
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 (year)
Seller
Seller HANYANG University Architecture design
Used Car Dealer
Buyer
Buyer
E Indirect Purchase Mechanism Customer(seller) New car deal
introduce
Customer (buyer)
buy their car
estimate used car
Used car dealer
Used car dealer usually buy a used car in two ways. After estimation, The used car is repaired, tuned, and inspected. Then they evaluate the car and post on on/ off line advertisement. The customer who views this ad will come to used car market and buy a used carf
post information
introduce
Advertisement on/off line
Rebirth car
New car dealer
sell used car
Customer(seller)
A closer look at indirect transactions shows the diagram on the left. Used car dealers mainly deal with new car dealers 1. Through introduction by New car dealer 2. Through directly contect with the person you want to sell
Car rebirth process
Repairing
Tuning
Inspection
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
E After Market of Automobile After the car is shipped, all transactions are done in the 'Aftermarket'. There are many aftermarket infrastructures in Janghanpyeong. The car leaving the owner's hand is largely refurbished and sold to a used car or recycled after being scrapped and disassembled. The used car sales market where the sale takes place, the light maintenance business where the maintenance and tuning is done, the junkyard car which is disassembled and disassembled, and the used car parts dealer who sells the disassembled parts by hand are all located in Janghanpyeong. 85-95% of cars that have been scrapped can be recycled. 20 to 30 percent are reused as used parts, and 50 to 50 percent are used as materials for automobile manufacturers or other industries. Other residues are blended and used as fuel or processed and discarded. At present, Korea is recycling about 85% of the scrap cars.
AUTOMOTIVE PARTS
INSURANCE / LEASE / RENT
RECYCLING
CAR AFTER MARKET
USED CAR MARKET
4,568 Company
As the government aims to recycle 95% of the scrapped cars, much hope is being placed on the automotive aftermarket.
TUNING
29,698 Worker
CAR REPARING MOTER SPORTS
HANYANG University Architecture design
CAR ACCESSORIES
Repair / Tuning
Disposal Company
Manufacturer
Repaired Car & Dealership
Scrap Recycling Company
Used Car Owner
Remnant Processing
Owner refrigerant
electronic unit, engine nonferrous metal, battery
[20~30%] REUSE AS GOODS
metal, nonmetal
smash remnant
[20~25%]
[50~55%] REUSE AS MATERIAL
REUSE AS MIXING
[5~10%] Waste Gas Processing Company
To Other Industry
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
E Used and Remanufacture Auto Parts
Mechanism After the car is shipped, all transactions are done in the 'Aftermarket'. There are many aftermarket infrastructures in Janghanpyeong. The car leaving the owner's hand is largely refurbished and sold to a used car or recycled after being scrapped and disassembled. The used car sales market where the sale takes place, the light maintenance business where the maintenance and tuning is done, the junkyard car which is disassembled and disassembled, and the used car parts dealer who sells the disassembled parts by hand are all located in Janghanpyeong.
New Parts
Used Car Market
Scrap car
New parts
Factory Scrap car
Recycling Factory New parts shop
Used parts
Used parts shop
Market Car repair shop
Domestic
Market 20%
80%
90% Export
HANYANG University Architecture design
10%
Export
Domestic
E Car Repair Shop
Mechanism 85-95% of cars that have been scrapped can be recycled. 20 to 30 percent are reused as used parts, and 50 to 50 percent are used as materials for automobile manufacturers or other industries. Other residues are blended and used as fuel or processed and discarded. At present, Korea is recycling about 85% of the scrap cars.
Recycling Factory New parts
Used car
As the government aims to recycle 95% of the scrapped cars, much hope is being placed on the automotive aftermarket.
Used parts New parts market
Used parts market
Car repair shop Used car market
Used Car Market
Custumer
Using used parts
Market 30%
70%
Normal user
20%
80% Using new parts
Used Car dealer
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
E Inflow of Conglomerates Conglomerates are jumping into used car installment, dealing platforms, insurance and so on due to growing market. While Janghanpyeong dealers are keep losing their customers.
CONGLOMERATES
VS
HANYANG University Architecture design
JANGHANPYEONG
Hiding Accident Cases Other Delayed Refund of Deposit 80
3.3%3.3% 8.8%
70
Indirect way via Used car dealer
Loading Previous Tax Settlement
60
10%
Complain of Used Car
50 40
Direct way
Poor Performance
47.3%
21%
30
Mileage Difference 20
95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
(%)
Other
13 14 15 (year)
Used Car Dealing Route Proportions in Korea 15%
Booklet Number of
Seoul
Dealing
Occpation (%)
(1000 cars)
300 250
11.7
12.0
12.0
12.2
224.4
224.7
240.3
Dealership To Salesperson
150
17%
111.3
50 0
56%
261.4
188.8
100
Internet
18%
11.6
10.3
Information Gathering Method
12.4
265.5
200
11%
56%
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Dealership
20%
Car Selling Preference
Internet
401 cars / year average per dealership 33 cars / month average per dealership 27%
To Surroundings JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
Social
HANYANG University Architecture design
S Population The site is located in the border area between Dongdaemun-gu and Seongdong-gu. The total population of Dongdaemun-gu is 363,567, and Seongdong-gu has 299,337 people. In particular, the largest number of people living in Chang'an 1 is located in the area where 34,721 people live. Second, Jang-an 2 Dong, located north of Jang-an 1, is followed by 30,394 people. Interestingly, despite the large industrial area in the south of Jangan 1 dong, Jangan 1 dong has the largest population in two districts. For this reason, Jangan 1 dong and jangan 2 dong has also lagest children population.
30,000-35,000 25,000-30,000 20,000-25,000 15,000 - 20,000 10,000 - 15,000
Overall Population in two district
Over than 4000 3,000 - 4,000 2,000 - 3,000 1,000 - 2,000 Under than 1,000
Children Population in two district
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
S Jangan 2 dong
Population Change
-4% Dapsimni 2 dong
Over the past 15 years, population growth has seen declining population in Dongdaemun-gu and Seongdonggu. Nevertheless, Jang-an 1 dong showed a 22% increase in population. Flat terrain and continuous reconstruction seem to have led to an increase in population.
-8% Jangan 1 dong
+22%
Yongdapdong
-19%
34,721 35,000
Jangan 1 dong
31,921 30,393
30,040
Jangan 2 dong
30,000 Dapsimni2 dong
28,460
Population ratio
27,635
25,000
35,000 3,303
30,000
20,000
2,811
3,395
25,000
18,749
20,000
22,933
15,000 Yongdapdong
15,000
15,125
Over 65
26,242 22,581
1,749 15-64
10,000 12,129
5,000 4,573
10,000
HANYANG University Architecture design
2000
2005
2010
2015
0Jangan 1 dong
4,730 Jangan 2 dong
4,721 Dapsipri 2 dong
0-14 1,986 Yongdap dong
S Population Change In microsale, the population change is little bit differenct from the population change of macro scale interestingly. The population in the south of Jangan-dong is -8.96% decrease. This result shows that housing n the north of the site is being strengthened and industry is declining.
dongdaemungu
Seongdonggu
Population Change in Site Boundary
2000
2005
2010
Change Rate (2000~2010)
780
986
989
+26.8%
Dongdaemun-gu
5,415
3,839
4,651
-14.1%
Total
6,195
4,825
5,640
-8.96%
District Seongdong-gu
Year
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
S Interview 1. Used car dealers Janghanpyeong's used car trading business is downward overall. There are many restrictions on industrial activities due to aging and leakage of buildings. They have strong will that environmental improvement through modernization of used car sales center. Adjustment is required due to conflicts between the unions. 2. Car Parts Salers Now Parts sales business is operating smoothly through overseas exports. They need the unification of communication with Dongdaemun-gu in Seoul. Constraints due to aging of parts and space and narrow space should be solved. They also have strong will to improve the environment and modernize businesses through modernization of parts stores. 3. Minor Service People Most of the repair companies are operated through lease of the building. It is difficult to maintain the business when the rent increases due to the improvement of the surrounding environment. A majority of the respondents are skeptical of Consultive group what city is devising because the respondents is high age group and one man business. 4. Co-ops of Used parts salers Difficulty in operating business when rent increases due to improvement of surrounding environment. they are really care about Complaints (noise, environmental pollution, traffic difficulties, etc.) in surrounding residential areas. They want to their area excluded from the area when planning 5. Co-ops of Merchants They want Meetings for friendship between used parts and repair companies in Jangandong The owners who have the building near Cheonho Blvd are reluctant to enter a carrelated business, so the number of businesses is declining. Workspace and warehouse are needed.
HANYANG University Architecture design
50
40
30
20
10
0 USED CAR DEALERS
CAR PARTS SALERS
MINOR SERVICE PEOPLE
CO-OPS OF USED PARTS SALERS
CO-OPS OF MERCHANTS
OLD BUILDINGS RAISE OF RENTAL FEE LACK OF PARKING SPACE SMALL STORAGE/WORK SPACE/ROAD
Unification of Communication with Seoul City, and Dongdaemoon district. More space and Modernization
Afraid of rent increase Complain from Residential area (noise, environmental pollution, traffic difficulties, etc.)
More Workspace and Warehouses Communication space between companies The owner of Building are reluctant to enter car-related business
Afraid of Rent Increase Skeptical thought about Consultive group. High age and one man business
Environmental improvement Facility Modernization Adjustment between Union
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
S
World Street Dance Festival is held in Jangandong anually October since 2012. In order to revitalize the local Dongdaemoon economy, Local community led this Festival. 1.5 km 7 lane road of Janghan street is given to the people enjoying this festival. People can enjoy dancing in this street and see many type of dance performance in this festival period. Nowadays This is getting great popularity rapidly ,so that it can give great energy in Dongdaemoon district. In order to energize Janghanpyeong’s depressed economic state, The Seoul City recently devised this festival. Because the automobile is a symbol of Janghanpyeong, the city hoped that Janganpyeong area would be recognized as a representative place for people through this festival. In the festival period, people can enjoy contents related with automobile and buy used cars, car components in saled price.
J
C
W
S
Through Jungnang stream, Dongdaemun district have Jangan cherryblossom street. This street is pat on an embankment. Numerous Cherryblossom trees is through this street so that it is called the “Jang-an cherryblossom street”. When the bloom period comes every April, people can enjoy breathtaking scenic of this street.
S
A
F
WSDF SAF
JCF
October October
April
Every October
Jangan Cherryblossom Festival Every April HANYANG University Architecture design
F
D
F
Local Events in Site
World Street Dance Festival Every October
Seoul Automobile Festival Every October
Issue
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
Issues
Dongdaemun-gu
Ambiguous Responsibility
Seongdong-gu
HANYANG University Architecture design
Janghanpyeong is located on the border between Seongdong-gu and Sanbon.Currently, there are far fewer policies and support than those in different parts of the district.
Janghanpyeong Car Industry Zone
o Che ngg ye S Ju n
gn
an
gS
m
tre
am
trea Water Recycling Center
Geographical Isolation Janghanpyeong is surrounded by jungnang and Cheonggye Stream. It is deepening by the main roads that block the Jungnang water treatment center, which is located below the used car market and blocks the access to the main roads. These isolated areas have become more neglected and less accessible.
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
Issues
Used Car Deal in Korea
Decrease in Number of Companies in Janghanpyeong
Descend in Economy With the expansion of the mobile platform in the used car market, Janghanpyeong’s economy is retreating despite growing demand for second-hand cars. When people buy a secondhand car, they get information from the Internet and do not visit Janghanpyeong as much as they used to. Janghanpyeong’s deteriorated facilities and trust issues are lowering the competitiveness.
HANYANG University Architecture design
Local Events in Site Janghanpyeong’s housing is not protected by the automobile industry. Some automobile industries are very dangerous to produce particles that emit dust and produce harmful gases. Meanwhile there is an elementary school and apartment complex in janghanpyeong, which is very high in population. The backup facilities for this population are inadequate and even existing ones are wrongly located.
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA
HANYANG University Architecture design
Thank You :0
Janghanpyeong : Automobile Industry_ Site Analysis
Shingu
Junho
Yeonju
Soohwan
HYU (Hanyang University ERICA) Architecture Design 4th Year Shingu Kim Junho Kim Yeonju Lim Soohwan Cheong First Version 26th Feb, 2017 Last Version 6th Mar, 2017
JANGHANPYEONG, SEOUL, KOREA