CIVILIZATION

As a movement from Philosophy to Physics, Ethics, Mathematics, Metaphysics (causes)

History (Europeanist)

- 6 c. BCE: Ionian Thinkers (Western Turkey) - preSocratics - Athens

Theodicy (Euro-centric)

- For the professors of Europe, “real” civilization and modern intellectual potential originated in white Greek culture and followed a racial destiny.

- ie, No Civilization - Ancient Greece (6-4 c. BCE) - Dark AgesRenaissance (15

c.) - Reformation - Enlightenment

The first course in Sociology: Course of Positive Philosophy (1830, August Comte - ‘Father of Sociology’ ) : Sociology is the complex science of particulars that comes after all the others; and as the final science (starting from mathematics), it must assume the task of coordinating the development of the whole of positive knowledge . Coined the name ‘Sociology’.

- How to stop/minimise the effects of the Revolution? ( Plan for the Scientific Work Necessary to Reorganize Society, 1824) ‘How does one reorganize human life, irrespectively of God and king’?

(1848) How to infuse a rational scientific spirit into politics

( Positive Polity ) Can we have a technocratic society run by sociologists (who will combine observation with imagination to learn from history and predict possible futures)?

Devised Law of 3 Stages States of knowledge:

◦ (1) Theological state - supernatural agents

◦ (2) Metaphysical state - abstract essences

◦ (3) Positive state - causes laws based on empirical observation, trust in no absolutes

◦ Ionia inherited Technology (market, coins, alphabet), religion, thought from Egypt, Mesopotamia (Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey, Syria), Near East (see Isonomia (Karatani))

◦ Plato wrote that the Egyptians were mentors of the Greeks (Nubia - Southern Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan etc). Greeks worked as mercenaries for Pharaohs (see Black Marxism (Robinson) )

- 6 c. BCE: Buddha (India), Laozi (China)

◦ Buddhism = Enlightenment (principle of maitri / fraternity ). For details on Indian society at that time see The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism (Chakravarti)

◦ Laozi - dao the infinite is in this world ... “world’s first banknotes ... made of leather ... Around 800 AD, paper money started being used ...500 years until the system was abandoned because of inflation. The temptation to print more money was too great.” (see Who Cooked ... (Marcal) )

- 4 c. BCE: Alexandria (Egypt) - Persia

◦ Neoplatonism, medical research (for more on this period see History of Islamic Philosophy (Fakhry) )

- 7 c. BCE: Damascus (Syria)

◦ Neoplatonic - Islamic philosophy, medicine, science

- 10 - 12 c.: Ibn Sina (Persia), Ibn Rushd (Spain)

- 14 - 19 c.: Balkans to Bengal complex (for more on this period, see What is Islam (Ahmad)

Europe as an archive of Universal ideas be g te ed ‘as if for the r t e’; as if they are for everybody inheritance

No more universal social ideas. Only scienti c technique of measurement and adm tration of consensus