Undergraduate Architectural Portfolio I Shrestha Bhadra I VNIT by 26 Shrestha Bhadra

ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO 6+5(67+$ %+$'5$ 2018-2022

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ARC

EDUCATION 2021

Aditya Paper

2021

Zooto Honar

2021

Lagos Top 20

2021

Monad Partici

2021

Re visi Honar

2021

Interio Partcip

2020

Annua Top 10

2021

Bambo By VNIT

2021

Docum By Ar. D

ADVANCED Autodesk AutoCAD | Trimble Sketchup | Lumion | Adobe Illustrator | Microsoft Suite

2020

Acume By VNIT

BEGINNER Autodesk Revit | Adobe Photoshop | Vray

2019

Semina Sustain By Dr. T

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Bachelor of Architecture ( B.Arch) Currently in 4th year I CGPA 8.2 I

Nagpur, Maharashtra

South Point High School Higher Secondary (WBCHSE) - 87%

Kolkata, West Bengal

South Point High School Secondary (WBBSE) - 91%

Kolkata, West Bengal

WORK EXPERIENCE

LANGUAGE

Aarohi, VNIT Nagpur Techfest Organiser

English

Devise, VNIT Nagpur Techfest Organiser

Bengali

Hindi

Content Writer Have 2 years experience of working in start-ups and tech companies

SOFTWARE SKILLS

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Team Work | Design Process | Critical Thinking | Leadership | Communication

2019

Worksh Thinkin By VNIT

2019

Hands By Ar. V

CURRICULUM VITAE

CHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS

a School of Architecture (IDRC 2021) Published

opia 2021_ National level Design Competition rable Mention | Top 10

s Plastic City_International Design Competition 0 Finalist | Special Mention

dic IDC2021_International Design Competition ipated

ion_Interior Design Competition rable Mention | Top 10

or Design Competition pated

al NASA Design Competition 00

WORKSHOPS & SEMINARS

oo series 1- 5 T, Nagpur

menting Heritage Buildings: Techniques & Tools Divya Gupta

SHRESTHA BHADRA B.Arch | 4th Year “Design to me is mostly about solving a

problem and then enhancing that solution with a dose of creativity. I have a curious mind, a knack for perfection and intricate details. I approach design the same way I approach life- headfast, with a desire to turn dreams into reality. As an architecture student and a future architect, I hope to blend the right mix of sustainabilty, creativity and sensitivity in my design.”

shresthabhadra2007@gmail.com

en of Architectural Form T, Nagpur

+ 91 - 8420503436

ar on “Emergence of Green Technologies towards nable Growth” Tapan Chakravarty

E/45, Baghajatin Kolkata- 700086 , West Bengal

hop on “Quest for Best” Enhancing Design ng T, Nagpur

on Workshop on Brick Masonry Vikas Shimpi

https://www.linkedin.com/in/shrestha-bhadra-256a09205 shresthabhadra

Why did I take up studying architecture?

Being born and brought up in Kolkata, I literally grew up in architectural heaven. Each building had a story, every road or a bygone era, the buildings standing the testimony of time. Right next to them contemporary projects rose in tandem, easill have on a building which aids its acceptance and help it in being in sync with its surroundings.

A trip to Rajasthan in the autumn of 2011 changed my perception towards architecture. The intricate, ornate structures s havelis and even the humble abodes were perfectly designed to withstand the rough climatic conditions. Most of these stru being a necessity and not a luxury (as is the perception sometimes) In 2015, I chanced upon this series on Nat Geo. I was enamoured by the different styles of houses possible, from modern thoughts behind each of these projects and their blissful happy places and Charlie's infectious energy while talking about

structure had a piece of history attached to it. Right from childhood, I was fascinated, gravitating towards these exhibits of ly obliterating the gap between past and present, which made me inquisitive as to what role a city, it's culture and people

standing in stark contrast to the barren desert captured the true power of architecture. Not only luxurious palaces, but the uctures have stood the test of time - a clear indication of architecture done right and also a testimony of this proffession glass palaces to renovated places that rose practically from ruins. I got a first hand account from the hime owners as to the all things related to architecture sealed my fate.

PREFACE

CONTENT CONTENT DESIGNING ZOOTOPIA

The drawings and all the content displayed in this portfolio is created by me and are true to my knowledge. It is a compilation of my academic and other works from 2018-2022. Each sections displayed here shows different skills, design abilities and expirience that I have gathered and picked up over the years. These four years have been a thriving, living experience for me and I am glad to be able to display some bits and parts of my acquired experiences and works of the past four years of my academic career.

2020-21

INTERIOR & LANDSCAPE RE-VISION 2021

TECHNICAL

WORKING DRAWING SEM 5 & 6

ASSORTED

ARCHITEC ESSA

STEP UP

PLASTIC CITY

2021

GOOGLE HOUSING SEM 5

SUNSET PLAZA SEM 8

E DESIGN

CTURAL AY

LAUREL HOUSE 2021

YA-SU SANTORINI

THE LANDS’ END

SEM 8

SEM 7

BUILDING DOCUMENTATION

CONSTRUCTION DRAWING

SEM 4

SEM 5 & 6

RESEARCH PAPER I

RESEARCH PAPER II

ANDC 2020-21

MISCELLANEOUS

DESIGN "Design creates culture. Culture shapes values. V alues determine the future." -- Robert L. Peters, designer and author

1. ZOOTOPIA SUBJECT: COMPETITION ENTRY- (ZOO INTERPRETATION CENTRE) YEAR: 2020 LOCATION: MYSORE, KARNATAKA

ZOOTOPIA was the culmination of creative minds of our nation in the exercise to bridge the gap between multi-disciplinary fields of architecture, design and zoo management. The aim is to generate awareness about conservation of wild animals, their habitat, all aspects of captive animal welfare and zoo ecosystem in the development sector. Location: Mysore, Karnataka Area: 142.5 sq.m Type: Commercial Building Design Problem: Zoo Interpretation Centre To design an Interpretation Centre 1 at par with global standards, by reusing the existing heritage building at Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, Mysuru Karnataka. The proposed design of the Interpretation Centre should aim to transform the visit into an experiential learning opportunity, enhancing and enriching the experience by providing information on wildlife and wild habitats through a variety of media. The heritage building is currently being used as an office building and located near the main entrance of the zoo. Estimation:

Iteam No. Description Capsule Lift 1. TWD EXT. 2. 3. Glass Door Flush Door 4. Flooring 5.

9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14.

15. 16. 17.

Quantity 2 4 8 7

Rate Rs Ps.

Unit

1000000 10000 8000 2000

Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos.

Amount

2000000 40000 64000 14000

G.F. F.F. Total

134 sq.m. 114sq.m.

1000 1000

sq.m. sq.m.

134000 114000 248000

G.F. F.F. S.F.

280 155 328 713

15 15 15 15

Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos.

4200 2325 4920 11445

80.1 47.31 66.46 193.82 166.48 121.74 33.74 321.96 76.74 267 220.26 20.4 507.66 52 1 3 1 1 80 50 50

406 406 406 406 2.5 2.5 2.5 7.5 178.96 135 135 135 405 1500 20000 30000 80000 75000 2400 1850 1300

sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. sq.m. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos.

117.96 34.7 -

15.5 1221 -

sq.m. sq.m. -

Brick Work

Total

Plaster G.F. F.F. S.F. Total

Demolition Cost: G.F.

FF.

S.F. Total

Cladding

Synthetic Enamel Paints G.F.

F.F. S.F.

Total

Furniture: Seminar Sofa Table

Hologram Pergola Lighting Ceiling Wall Foot Total

Granite Tiles

Landscaping/Paving Flooring Renovation Cost(Others)

Total Cost

32520.2 19255.38 26982.76 78710.82 416.20 304.35 84.35 3804.50 13729 36045 29700 2754 68499 78000 20000 90000 80000 75000 192000 92500 65000 325000 1828.38 11904 50000 Rs.3263283.35/-

LOCATION - MYSORE, KARNATAKA Mysore is located at 12.30°N 74.65°E Average altitude of 770 metres (2,526 Mysore Zoo (officially the Sri Chamara palace in Mysore, India. It is one of the of species (168). Mysore Zoo is one of HISTORY Mysuru Zoo (Sri Chamarajendra Zoolo Chamaraja Wodeyar X, then the King o was named as Khas-Bangale. It was als which has now spread over an area of exclusive visit of the royal family but p ANIMALS The zoo is currently home to ten eleph and has more elephants than any othe in India. A total of 34 elephants have l this zoo, many of which were eventua transferred to other zoos The zoo also five green Anacondas, contributed by Colombo Zoo. It also has Giraffes, Zeb Lions, Tigers, White Rhinoceroses, Rab and Baboons.

CULTURE Cultural capital of karnataka City of palaces The most notable are Amba Vilas, popularly known as Mysore Palace; Jaganmohana Palace, which also serve as an art gallery Amba Vilas palace exhibits an IndoSaracenic style of architecture on the outside, but a distinctly Hoysala style i the interior. Mysore is well known for the festivities that take place during the period of Dasara;the royal sword is worshipped and is taken on a procession of decora elephants, camels and horses Famous for mysuru silk saree and gold zari Mysore is known for rosewood inlay work art

MATERIALS

6 ft) ajendra Zoological Gardens) is a 157-acre (64 ha) zoo located near the e oldest and most popular zoos in India, and is home to a wide range the city's most popular attractions.

ogical Garden) was started in 1892 by of Mysuru. Initially as a private Zoo and so called as Thamasha Bangale. The zoo f 250 acres was initially meant for the public entry started as early as 1920.

hants, er zoo lived at ally o has y bras, bbit

Brick Work

Glass

Wooden Flooring

Teak Wood

WEST Existing Heritage Building

PVC Panels

In keeping with the requirement of adapative reuse the exterior brick wall has been preserved and has been cladded with concrete. The interior has been decorated with timber reusing the timber furnitures already present. Glass has been used not only in the windows but also within the central Atrium space for greater Visual connection.

EAST View towards zoo

Desirable Sun Angle Non Desirable Sun Angle Winter Monsoon Winds Existing Heritage Building

SPATIAL PLANNING

Concrete

Floor Tiles

Prevailing Winds Existing Vegetation Sunpath

Adaptive Reuse

Sustainable and Low Cost

Visual Interaction

Barrier Free Design

Smooth Circulation

User Interactive Space

The building has been designed in a way to facilitate one way circulation throughout the building. Segregate user flow for the official spaces and the visitors have been maintained with emphasis on separate access points. The central Atrium is a major space for interaction among the users as are the viewing galleries and the OAT at the back. The spatial planning is hence very much in lieu with traditional architecture where the flow of space is from the open to the semi-open (entrace verandah) to the closed space(gallery) terminating in the open(OAT) again with a central Atrium inside the building.

OPEN SPACE SEMIOPEN SPACE

SPACE HIERARCHY

CLOSED SPACE

CENTRAL COURTYARD

EXIT

Central Atrium Space Acts as Interactive Space

Built Mass around the Atrium

Proper Light and Ventilation

One Way Circulation Segregate Public Flow

4.0065

WOMEN

MEN

CENTRAL SPACE 32.61 SQ.M

ated

OFFICE

3.7971

2.0x6.0

2.0x2.0

d Line of Vision Through and Through Using Glass improves visual interaction transperency between nature and Human

TABLE DISPLAY

W LIFT

PANTRY

1.8789

STAIRCASE UP

STAIRCASE

STAIRCASE UP

ENTRANCE LOBBY 14.30X2.75

2.45x2.1

RECEPTION

STAIRCASE

ENTRANCE LOBBY 14.30X2.75

2.0x2.0

LIFT

3.75x7.90

MEN

SEMINAR

3.7971

SHOP

1.8789

2.0x2.0

LIFT D1

RECEPTION

WOMEN D2 D2

MEN

TABLE DISPLAY

1.7770

LIFT

2.0x2.0

2.4973

LIFT WALL DISPLAY

WALL DISPLAY

D2 2.0x2.0

LIFT

DW WOMEN

2.0x2.0

INTERACTIVE GAMES

1.8M WIDE VIEWING POINT

STAIRCASE

Balance /Symmetry Creates Equal Visual Weight on both sides

Vertiical Circulation Creating Barrier Free Circulation

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

ROOF TOP LEVEL PANTRY

FORM DEVELOPMENT

10.65

ATRIUM STAIRCASE TOWER

OPEN SEATING SECOND FLOOR LEVEL

GALLERY

ATRIUM GALLERY

7.25

VIEWING POINT

FIRST FLOOR LEVEL

3.85

ATRIUM ENTRANCE LOBBY

RECEPTION

GALLERY

PLINTH LEVEL GL

WEST SIDE ELEVATION SCALE 1:200

EAST SIDE ELEVATION SCALE 1:200

SECTION A-A’

0.45 00

SCALE 1:200

ZOOTOPIA

Existing Building Block

ZOO INTERPRETATION CENTRE

VIEW FROM RECEPTION AND GALLERY

Central open space act as Atrium.

One way circulation around the Atrium

VIEW TOWARDS CENTRAL ATRIUM

The project is a heritage building located in the Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Garden in Mysore,Karnataka which was being used as a office building,has been redesigned into a modern interpretation centre for wildlife conservation focussing mainly on the fauna of the Western Ghats.

VIEW OF EXHI

Another floor was added to thr previously 2 storeyed building housing the cafeteria.The ground floor meanwhile consists of the reception,gallery,shops,etc. whereas the first floor is occupied by more gallery spaces and a audio visual room.The interior is fitted with modern technology like VR,live LED walls,holograms of animals etc. while the exterior maintains the traditional outlook.Proper utilisation of spaces with emphasis on sustainability andlow cost has been ensured to make sure that this building can show the way forward as far as adaptive reuse is concerned. The estimated cost of proposed design is approximately 40 lakh (broad cost).

The OAT serves as an interactive space.

EXPLODED ISOMETRIC

ROOF TOP LEVEL

ABOUT THE ZOO INTERPRETATION CENTRE

10.65

A SECOND FLOOR LEVEL

EXIT

5 FIRST FLOOR LEVEL

7.25

3.85

4.0065

INTERACTIVE GAMES

MEN 2.0x2.0

ENTRANCE LOBBY

PLINTH LEVEL GL

0.45 00

4 LIFT

3.7971

OFFICE W

1.7770

LIFT

SCALE 1:200

WALL DISPLAY

ECTION B-B’

CENTRAL SPACE 32.61 SQ.M

3 RECEPTION

3 SHOP

1.8789

STAIRCASE

STAIRCASE UP

ENTRANCE LOBBY 14.30X2.75

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

SCALE 1:200

IBITION

C VIEW

5 WOMEN 2.0x2.0

SEMI OPEN PERGOLA

VIEWING POINT

LIFT SHAFT

WOMEN

CAFE

MEN

TABLE DISPLAY

D1 SEMINAR

LIFT

TABLE DISPLAY

WASHROOM

W LIFT

3 W

PANTRY

2 STAIRCASE

STAIRCASE ENTRANCE LOBBY

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

VIEWING POINT

SCALE 1:200

SEMINAR ROOM WASHROOM A

5 WOMEN

D2 D2 MEN

CENTRAL ATRIUM

4 LIFT CAFE

OFFICE

LIFT

3 PANTRY RECEPTION

OAT

STAIRCASE

SHOP

ENTRANCE LOBBY

They say change is the only constant and sometimes we have to let go of the old to build something new. The same thing holds true for the old buildings which are often torn down to be replaced by newer more modern ones. But with a rich architectural heritage like that of our country, it is a shame to bring down heritage buildings as it is more viable to preserve them. However, the question remains how to utilize the buildings properly once we conserve them so that they do not remain just a testament of India's glowing architectural heritage until it falls into neglect once again. This stands true for the Sri Chamarajendra Zoological gardens which was established in 1892 by Raja Chamarajendra himself. The more than 100 year old heritage building inside the zoo was being used as an office space till the authorities decided to redesign it to an interpretation centre. The idea behind adaptive reuse is the repurposing of existing building for new use. In this case with a worldwide increase in animal extinction the authorities feeling the lack of an inhouse wildlife museum, want the newly redesigned interpretation centre to be an experiential learning opportunity promoting wildlife and wild habitats at par with global standard.

TERRACE FLOOR PLAN

SCALE 1:200

TEAM NAME: VNIT

While designing the building, the main focus was to preserve the exterior as much as possible while aiming for a complete revamp on the inside to give way to a technologically advanced museum. The ground floor which is mainly used for the gallery with state-of-the-art facilities including virtual reality headsets for the visitors to interact with the museum exhibits and a specially designed app which once downloaded will provide a personalised tour of the museum to the visitors. However, the highlight of the building is the central double heighted atrium which will be used as a space for showcasing holographic animals. The walls are lined with LED screen where the stories of wildlife mainly of the Western Ghats come alive to the visitors as if they were present in the dense forest themselves. The upper floor mainly consists of the audio-visual room where daily seminars or light and sound shows can provide the visitors a better understanding of the concept of wildlife conservation and more gallery spaces. Another floor was added above where a cafeteria and adjoining pantry is located for visitors' refreshment. Apart from these, the interpretation centre also houses a cafeteria, a souvenir shop and office spaces. The open space at the back has been redesigned as an OAT where visitors can sit and interact. The main motive behind this design is to connect the past, present and future. So, while we hold on to the past in terms of the exterior facade, the concept of wildlife conservation is a deeply probing problem of the present and with the help of futuristic technologies that can give visitors a real-life experience transforming them to the world of the animals we hope to teach then why it is important to talk about wildlife conservation. Keeping in mind the pandemic situation and the consequent need to switch to a new post pandemic reality, the spaces have been designed in a way to avoid crowding with lots of open spaces, less usage of wall, more space to move around and proper sanitation present at every point. Keeping the principle of 3 R- Reduce, Reuse and Recycle in mind, teakwood and rosewood have been reused in the interior, exposed concrete on the exterior as have been other materials so that sustainability and low cost can be maintained. In the midst of an increasing demand for sustainability in architecture, adaptive reuse is the way forward and it is important that heritage buildings like that inside the Sri Chamarajendra Zoological gardens serve as the perfect example of holding on to the past by embracing the future.

2. STEP UP SUBJECT: COMPETITION ENTRY- STUDENT ACCOMODATION CENTRE YEAR: 2021 LOCATION: MUMBAI

The competition entailed the submission of a design proposal that involves the repetition of a single module to create space and form. Monad, a single unit; the number one. When the term ‘Monadic’ is manifested in architecture, it can translate to various interpretations. When imaginatively formulated, Monads, can contribute algorithms that range from a single volume of space, scaling up to form the urban fabric of a city. As our cities continue to grow & expand rapidly, there has been an increasing demand for architects to build and design concept of Monadic architecture can involve the assembling of multiple prefabricated units Location: Mumbai Area: 33614 sq.m Type: Residential Building Design Problem: Student Accomodation Centre

Come Forward for partic MONADIC ARCHITECTURE

Mumbai- the city of dreams is home gling to find a roof over their head i find a place to stay while being enro ing societies allow unmarried tenan enough to find your home-away-h between your studies, or a new job worrying about security or food arra home. And if you ask the young po believe.

cular Purpose

e to 22 million people. Naturally, housing poses a huge problem with people strugin Maximum City. And if you are an unmarried 20 something student who is trying to olled in one of the city’s prestigious colleges, a Herculean task awaits you. Few housnts, and the task becomes even more tedious if you are a woman. If you are lucky home, chances are the next experiences will not always be pleasant. Juggling b and having to endure the atrocities of the homeowner, roommates or constantly angements, there may come a day when you will suddenly ﬁnd yourself without a opulation around, you may ﬁnd that this happens more often than we would like to

.53

.19

145

The site is located next to VJTI college in South Mumbai. The location is surrounded by greeneries, and has all basic amenities like eateries, markets, banks etc nearby. Transportation is also facilitated by the availability of monorail in close proximity and railway station nearby.

2021_IDC0003

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

SPACE TYPOGRAPHY

7<3( :,7+ :$6+5220

115

BALCONY

115

1200

6FDOH

4500

3600

1130 115

115

900

1130

4500

2480

BALCONY

1700 2600

Rectangular monadic un the best option for optim RI VSDFH 0RUHRYHU VLQF LQGLYLGXDO XQLWV ZHUH SUH the factory, this shape w easiest without compl MRLQHU\ WR À[ WKH XQLWV WR other.

1120 115

115

1720 2600

115

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

7<3( :,7+287 :$6+5220 1200

1200

6FDOH

1020 115

115 115

1810 2600

115

900

3600

4500

BALCONY

115

1700

4500

1230

1800

115

BALCONY

2600

115

1200

115

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

7<3( '83/(; :,7+ :$6+5220

115

2180 115

900 1120 115

115

900

2180

3715

2435

OPEN TERRACE

2320

115

6FDOH

1720 2600

1120 115

115

1720 2600

115

There are three prototyp that act as monads in this ing. The students are off types of accommo differing in space and a ties.

FORM EVOLUTION 2.6 m

2.6 m

4.5 m

2.6 m

4.5 m

nits are misation FH WKH HFDVW LQ was the licated R HDFK

2.6 m

Single MODULE Unit 11.6 sq.m

4.5 m

Each MODULE is well OLJKW YHQWLODWHG

CENTRAL COURTYARD DFW DV LQWHUDFWLYH space

INSIDE OUT - out the buildings open up towards the city RXWVLGH WKU VKDUHG HQYLURQ ment inside

TYPES

pe units s buildfered 3 odation ameni-

MODULE 1 85 no. of Units

6WHS XS D VDIH KDYHQ IRU WKH VWXGHQWV DQG \RXQJ SRSXODWLRQ ZKR KDYH PRYHG to the city of Mumbai from outside. But this is not really your typical youth hostel. The reason why it was important to design it in the form of monadic architecture was WR SURYLGH LQGHSHQGHQFH DQG D EUHDWKLQJ VSDFH WR WKH WHQDQWV E\ SURYLGLQJ WKHP ZLWK LQGLYLGXDO FRPSDFW XQLWV ZLWK D EHG DQG NLWFKHQ ZKHUH WKH\ FDQ OHDG WKHLU OLIH in an unconstrained manner. Yet they can

MODULE 2

75 no. of Units

MODULE 3

15 no. of Units

FRH[LVW ZLWK HDFK RWKHU LQ WKH FRPSOH[ UHJXODUO\ interacting with one another in the common spaces OLNH FRXUW\DUG FDIHWHULD OLEUDU\ ORXQJHV HWF 7KH LGHD LV WR OHW WKH \RXWK SRSXODWLRQ GLVFRYHU FR dependence in the midst of independence. The precast units will be made in factories and then shifted to the site. These units can either be UHPRYHG RU QHZ XQLWV DGGHG DV SHU SUHIHUHQFH signifying organic growth of some sort. This is so that WKH EXLOGLQJV QHYHU ORVH VLJQLÀFDQFH LQ D UDSLGO\ GHYHORSLQJ XUEDQ ODQGVFDSH

SPACE TYPOGRAPHY

VIEW FROM COURTYARD Jali - green tool can help to reduce the energy load of cooling and the costs associated with it. also helps in block the entry of direct sunlight, making for pleasant interior spaces

MATERIALS The materials have been chosen keeping the climate of Mumbai and sustainability in mind.

TEAK WOOD

CONCRETE

WOOD FLOORING GRANITE

GLASS

BRICK PAVERS MOSS

INTERNAL FLEXIBLE SPACES

1 Semi open - gathering spaces

All Close - 4 individual spaces

All Open - 1 continous open space

EXTERNAL FLEXIBLE SPACES

Green Voids & Open Terraces

Visual Connection

Synergies -all the activities are connected via central courtyard.

3. PLASTIC CITY SUBJECT: COMPETITION ENTRY- (MUSEUM & RESEARCH CENTRE) YEAR: 2021 LOCATION: LAGOS, NIGERIA

Plastic pollution has been a growing issue for decades and there have been various solutions organisations. As architects and urban designers, it is important for us to be involved in this process and Lagos is a city that has seen bleak and limited amounts of solutions that respond to the context of the city. As a part of the design problem we were asked to design creative architectural solutions to the problem of plastic pollution, using Lagos, Nigeria as a context. It was also important that the design engage with the local Lagos community and urban context and should not be a lone piece of architecture. Location: Lagos Area: 6100 sq.m Type: Commercial Building Design Problem: Museum & Research Centre

LAGOS: PLASTIC CITY

LAGOS PLASTIC MUSEUM AND RESEARCH CENTER

The building encompasses three main function- research of plastic waste, manufacture of recycled items from these waste and museum to showcase these items as well as to make the general mass more aware of plastic pollution. The building will stand as a prominent landmark in the city of Lagos and will surely captivate and educate people with its use of sustainable materials mostly from plastic, intelligent design which responds to the climate.

The material used in the façade, which is the satement piece of the entire building, is 3D printed bio-plastic, the plastic taken from the tonnes of plastic wastes generated in Lagos. The elements are produced with the life-size 3D printer. This printer can print elements of 2 x 2 x 3.5 metres 3D and uses Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology. With this technique, bio plastic is melted and built up layer by layer with a computer-controlled printer head. The print layers of the production process are clearly visible in the end product.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:1000

SECTI

SCALE

ION AA

E 1:1000

INTERIOR VIEWS

FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:1000

SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:1000

Recycling and reusing is the main mantra used at every point of the design where not only is the façade built entirely of recycled plastic but even the pavements are made from plastic wastes. The landscaped area in the middle is an oasis of calm for the visitors and a much needed place of respite for the researchers and factory workers with several plastic sculptures dotting the green spaces. The idea is to build a community of conscious individuals who are aware of the detrimental effects of pollution and how there is still hope even in the midst of a raging war against pollution- how we can pick up man made wastes and build useful daily items out of it. The highly visible….building located within the Lagos city will serve this purpose as a daily reminder to the visitors and citizens of this beautiful city.

MUSEUM INTERIOR VIEW

View of the entire building with landscaped space in the middle

The museum showcases recycled items made from plastic waste

MATERIALS

EXTERIOR VIEWS

Pavement made from Bioplastic Material

3D Printed Bioplastic Facade

Glass Walls

Gypsum Ceiling Tiles

Stone Textured Cladding The entire wall has been turned into a piece of art with the main element being used plastic caps. The stairs has been made of sun mica sheets synthesised from reused plastic. The flower pots and many such other elements throughout the length of the building has been recycled from plastic wastes.

The landscaped garden consisting of atrium, OAT, gazzebos and plastic sculptures along with a variety of plants is a retreat space for visitors and employees alike

INTERIOR VIEWS

of pollution, Lagos, the capital of Nigeria has been dealing for the past several years. Its beautiful oceans have become as also the lives of those who stay on its shores.

Sitting Area Cum Cafeteria Of Research Center

Every year Lagos produces a million tonnes of plastic most of which ends up in the seas or rivers. The best way to combat plastic pollution is the 3R strategy- Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It is important that more and more people are made aware of it. The collective consciousness of the city stakeholders are probably the only way to win the battle against pollution. Since the 3R strategy which are interconnected with each other in a triangular form, formed the basis of our design, we decided to give our building the same triangular form which should serve as a constant reminder to people that it is only through a constant loop of reducing, reusing and recycling plastic that we can beat plastic pollution. The building is a massive solitary block made of glass covered by an outer and inner skeleton of plastic protecting it from the heat as well as the angular cone generating curiosity to the outer world as to what lies inside. The three arms of the building are three separate wings with individual functions. The idea was to design a building which would be an all encompassing centre where research regarding plastic solution goes on- the researchers coming up with new materials recycled from plastic wastes. These materials or objects are manufactured in the factory located in another wing of the building. And the entire process is highlighted to the outsiders or visitors in the form of exhibits in the museum which forms the third connected to each other literally and metamorphically since this tripartite process of researching about pollution, manufacturing recycled items from these wastes and showcasing it to the outside world is the core concept of this building.

18M WIDE ROAD

MAIN ENTRY 12 M WIDE ROAD 304

9M WIDE

304 304.5

306

306.5

305

305.5

9M WIDE

ROAD

9M WIDE

12 M WID

ROAD

E ROAD

ROAD

AREA- 29752.43 MSQ

18M WIDE ROAD

WIDE

SERVICE ENTRY

306

18M

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS

PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY

18M WID E ROAD

SUBJECT: ARCHITECTURE DESIGN SEMESTER: 5 LOCATION: NAGPUR

VEHICULAR PATHWAY 1 2 M WIDE ROAD

MAIN ENTR ANCE

9M WIDE

CLUB HOUSE VP HOUSE CEO HOUSE CARETAKER EXECUTIVE

ROAD

SENIOR EXECUTIVE HOUSE GUEST HOUSE COMMON PARKING DEPARTMENTAL STORES

9M WID E ROAD

18M WIDE ROA D

ROAD

T R W

SERVICE EN TRANCE

9M WIDE

ANGULAR ORIENT SUN.

ROAD

W ID 18M

E ROAD 1 2 M WID

AD E RO

9M WIDE ROAD

E S

A REA- 2 97 52 .4 3 MSQ

1 8M WID E ROAD

Mr. SundarPichai, CEO of Google has decided to open a branch in Nagpur. He wants to provide world class housing for the employees which will be accommodated at two locations. For the purpose of this project, we were required to design housing for the executive employees only.

PRIVATE/RESID

9M WIDE ROAD

18M WIDE ROA D

ROAD

4. GOOGLE HOUSING

PUBLIC/SEMI P

ROAD

ORIENTATION

A LL D IMEN SION S A R EIN METERS

LINEAR

DRYING AREA

Location: Nagpur Area: 28327 sq mt. Type: Residential ( Corporate Housing) Mentor: Dr Vidya Ghuge

MASSING

IN KEEPING WITH THE PLAIN FLAT LANDSCAPE OF THE SURROUNDING AS WELL AS THE SURROUNDING BUILT FORMS THE MASSING HAVE BEEN KEPT RECTNGULAR IN A SOMEWHAST CUBICAL SHAPE WITH STRAIGHT PLAIN WALLS LACKING ANY CURVINGS AS DECORATION OR CURVILINEAR STRUCTURE. THIS IS EVIDENT IN PLAN AND HAS BEEN REFLECTED LIKEWISE IN THE ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS AS WELL TO BLEND WITH THE SURROUNDINGS.

5,57

SERVANT

ENTERTAINMENT AREA UTILITY

KITCHEN

PARKING BELOW

13,72

9,64

11,02

32,11

11,3

19,33

17,52

BATH COURTYARD

GUEST ROOM 16,5

STAIR

KITCHEN GARDEN 7

10,67

FAMILY ROOM

DINNING ROOM

18,98

OUTDOOR DINNING

WATER BODY

ENTRANCE LOBBY

5,96

DRAWING ROOM 14

43,51

12,41

While designing the corporate housing, climatic conditions of the city were integreted and socio-cultural dynamics of the occupants addressed. Adequate attention given for the organization of positive and negative spaces within the site. Emphasis given on the services like water, sanitation and electricity, adhering to Standards and Byelaws for parking, public safety, space requirement margins, etc.

11,96

5,19

BATH

STAIR

PORCH

WATER BODY

PLAN

MASSING

IN KEEPING WITH THE PLAIN FLAT LANDSCAPE HAVE BEEN KEPT RECTNGULAR IN A SOMEWHAS DECORATION OR CURVILINEAR STRUCTURE. THIS SECTIONS AS WELL TO BLEND WITH THE SURRO

SUSTAINABLE AND CLIMATE SOLAR PANELS

ROOF WITH GARDEN ON TOP FOR COOLING

SUNKEN DOORS & WINDOWS

CONCEPT

ZONING

12 M WIDE ROAD 304

ROAD

9M WIDE

ROAD

18M WIDE

PRIVATE

E S

AREA- 29752.43 MSQ

18M WIDE ROAD

WIDE

ROAD

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS

304

306.5

9M WIDE ROAD

AREA- 29752.43 MSQ

18M WIDE ROAD

ROA

144.9688

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN METERS

INTERACTION BETWEEN RESIDENTS CHILDERN'S PARK

ZEN GARDEN ROOF LEVEL (+5.00)

ELEVATION(1:100)

CLUB HOUSE

ZONING TYPE 1 The residences have been placed mostly on higher contours for drainage. East west orientation. Main accesss from 12 mt road on the south.

ZONING TYPE 3

WOOD LOUVER WINDOW

OAT

WIDE

E ROAD 12 M WID

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

OPEN COURTYARD

MEDITATION HALL

Residences have been put away from the noisy roads and placed at centre where optimum climate can be enjoyed. Building residences on the northern side mostly avoided. Main access from 12 mt road on southern side. The residences do not face each other ensuring privacy.

E RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

MULTIPLE TREES ALSO KEEP THE ENVIRONMENT COOL

305

ZONING TYPE 2

OF THE SURROUNDING AS WELL AS THE SURROUNDING BUILT FORMS THE MASSING ST CUBICAL SHAPE WITH STRAIGHT PLAIN WALLS LACKING ANY CURVINGS AS S IS EVIDENT IN PLAN AND HAS BEEN REFLECTED LIKEWISE IN THE ELEVATIONS AND OUNDINGS.

WATER BODY

305.5

306

18M

ELEVATION(1:100)

KOTA FLOORING

306

9M WIDE ROAD

TATION IN A N-W AND S-E DIRECTION MOSTLY TO AVOID THE DIRECT GLARES OF THE

FLAT ROOF

ROAD

304.5

THE HOUSES HAVE BEEN GROUPED ACCORDING TO THE HEIRARCHY OF THE RESIDENTS’ POSITION AT THEIR WORKPLACE YET THEY HAVE BEEN PLACED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AT THEIR WILL.

R GEOMETRY MAINTAINED THROUGHOUT SITE

9M WIDE

18M

E ROAD 12 M WID

9M WIDE ROAD

ROAD

306

219.4376

9M WIDE

SEMI-PUBLIC

305

196.9751

ROAD

306.5

305.5

143.9956

304

PUBLIC

9M WIDE

18M WIDE ROAD

ROAD

304 304.5

306

12 M WIDE ROAD

18M WIDE RO AD

9M WIDE

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

18M WIDE

ROAD

DENTIAL

ROAD

BASIC BUBBLE DIAGRAM OF ALL BLDGS IN GENERAL

PUBLIC

PLINTH LEVEL (+0.45) GROUND FLOOR LEVEL (+0.00)

Public and private zone completely separate. Access from 12 mt road on the northern side. But residences located just beside noisy road.

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5. SUNSET PLAZA SUBJECT: ARCHITECTURE DESIGN SEMESTER: 8 LOCATION: NAGPUR

All cities are in a state of continuous transition hence losing their identity and visual integrity rapidly. This overall decline in the built environment is inevitable, as factors of urbanization take prominence. Contemporary architecture has brought with it a chaotic disparity amidst the urban planners and architects of cities worldwide. Architectural inserts are always contextually responsive in some way or the other. Location: Nagpur Area: 4228 sq.m Type: Residential Building Mentor: Dr. Pankaj Bahadure This brings us to the subject of our architecture design for the 8th semester where we were asked to insert a high-rise building according to the context of the site assigned that will enhance the image of the city of Nagpur.

Taking the city of Nagpur, es idea was to build a multi-sto floor, floowed by a shopping floors above in that order.

specially Sitaburdi, where the site is located as an influence, the oreyed building (G+ 17), housing a flower market on the ground g mall, restaurant spaces, budget hotel and banquet floor on the

SUNSET PLAZA SITE PLAN

COFFEE STATION

UP CAFE

FIRE ESCAPE 2

SHOP 80 SQ. MT

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

MALE WC

FEMALE WC

2 MT WIDE

SERVICE ELEVATOR ESCALATOR

ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 3

SERVICE WASHROOM

SHOP 180 SQ. MT

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

FIRE ESCAPE 1

ELEVATOR

SERVICE CORRIDOR UP ELECTRICAL

FEMALE WC

SUPERMARKET FLOOR 1 478 SQ MT

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

SITTING SPACE

SERVICE ROAD (3 MT)

ELEVATOR

ESCALATOR

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

SHOP 30 SQ. MT

FEMALE WC

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

FLORAL BAZAAR BELOW

SHOP 30 SQ. MT

KITCHEN

BACK ENTRY UP

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

CAFE

CAFE TAKEAWAY COUNTER

FIRE ESCAPE 2

SHOP 80 SQ. MT

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

MALE WC

SHOP 30 SQ. MT

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

SHOP 30 SQ. MT

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

SHOP 35 SQ. MT

LOADING UNLOADING DOCK TIME STAMP ROOM SERVICE ENTRY

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

FEMALE WC

SHOP 30 SQ. MT

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

SERVICE ELEVATOR

LOADING UNLOADING

SERVICE ENTRY

ESCALATOR

SHOP 95 SQ. MT

SHOP 90 SQ. MT

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

SHOP 90 SQ. MT

SHOP 47 SQ. MT

FLOWER SHOP

BACK ENTRY

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

ELEVATOR FIRE ESCAPE 3

FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

CONNECTING BRIDGE

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

FIRE ESCAPE 1

ELEVATOR SHOP 60 SQ. MT

SERVICE CORRIDOR

ROAD TO BASEMENT N

FEMALE WC

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

EXHIBITION

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

ESCALATOR

ELECTRICAL

SHOP 60 SQ. MT

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

MALE WC

ELEVATOR

MALE WC

ELEVATOR

ESCALATOR

FEMALE WC

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY

FIRST FLOOR PLAN SHOPPING COMPLEX

FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

ESCALATOR 39502,92

FLORAL BAZAAR

FLOWER SHOP

TEMPORARY FLOWER SHOP KIOSK

SHOP 30 SQ. MT

SHOP 35 SQ. MT

FLOWER SHOP

FORM

MAIN ENTRANCE SHOP 47 SQ. MT

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

PEDESTRIAN ROAD (3 MT)

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

RAMP

SHOP 45 SQ. MT

SHOP 47 SQ. MT

PEDESTRIAN ROAD

SERVICE ROAD (3 MT)

SERVICE ENTRY

LOADING UNLOADING

SERVICE ENTRY

VEHICULAR ROAD (ENTRY) (6 MT)

The form itself, la

ROAD TO BASEMENT

0 +1000

VEHICULAR ROAD (EXIT)

-1350

109840,71

SITE PLAN

N PEDESTRIAN ROAD (3 MT)

PEDESTRIAN ROAD

VEHICULAR ROAD (ENTRY) (6 MT) VEHICULAR ROAD (EXIT)

ROOF AND LANDSCAPE PLAN'

ENTRY/EXIT FROM BASEMENT BELOW

EXIT

ENTRY

RAMP

SHOPPING COMPLEX

BUDGET HOTEL

FLOWER MARKET

BASEMENT CAR PARKING FLOOR 1 UPTO 150 CARS

RESTAURANT SPACES

BANQUET CUM EXHIBITION

The site is located in Sita Burdi, the c with lots of shops selling everything with a lot of restaurants and hotels. The idea was to incorporate the who space. Likewise five major spaces we

SERVICE WASHROOM

MALE WC

2 MT WIDE

MALE WC

FEMALE WC

2 MT WIDE

SERVICE ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 1

SERVICE CORRIDOR

ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 1

ELECTRICAL

FEMALE WC

FIRE ESCAPE 3

STAIRWAY

RECEPTION

FEMALE WC

RESTAURANT 1 478 SQ MT

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

RESTAURANT 4 140 SQ MT

FIRE HYDRANT

RESTAURANT 5 180 SQ. MT

MALE WC

ELEVATOR

LANDSCAPED ROOF GARDEN

LOBBY

ELEVATOR FEMALE WC

MALE WC

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY

ESCALATOR

ELEVATOR

MALE WC

FIRE HYDRANT

ELEVATOR

POP-UP FOOD STALL

ESCALATOR

SERVICE ELEVATOR

ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 3

ESCALATOR

SERVICE CORRIDOR ELECTRICAL

FEMALE WC

SERVICE WASHROOM

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

ESCALATOR

FEMALE WC

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY

RESTAURANT 2 164 SQ. MT

MALE WC

FIRE HYDRANT

OPEN TERRACE BELOW

OPEN TERRACE LIVE KITCHEN

EIGHTH FLOOR PLAN ROOFTOP GARDEN

SEVENTH FLOOR PLAN RESTAURANT SPACE

DEVELOPMENT

m was mostly derived from the site ater adding height and void in between

central shopping hub of Nagpur g from clothings to electronics,

ole idea of SITABURDI into one ere identified.

TOTAL AREA: 1566 SQ. MT

SHRESTHA BHADRA

PLAN

FIRE ESCAPE 2

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

RESTAURANT 3 578 SQ MT

FIRE ESCAPE 2

SUNSET PLAZA

LEFT SIDE ELEVATION

BACKSIDE ELEVATION ELEVATION

RIGHT SIDE ELEVATION

FRONT SIDE ELEVATION

SEC TION

SEVENTEENTH FLOOR SIXTEENTH FLOOR FIFTEENTH FLOOR FOURTEENTH FLOOR THIRTEENTH FLOOR TWELVETH FLOOR ELEVENTH FLOOR TENTH FLOOR NINTH FLOOR EIGHTH FLOOR

ART GALLERY BANQUET

MID-BUDGET HOTEL

RESTAURANT SPACES

SEVENTH FLOOR SIXTH FLOOR FIFTH FLOOR FOURTH FLOOR

SHOPPING COMPLEX

THIRD FLOOR SECOND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR GROUND

FLOWER MARKET

BASEMENT

SECTION XX' 1. FLOWER MARKET: 2. SHOPPING CENTRE: A shopping centre that will house market, the proposal is to incorporate the market within and capture the true spirit of Burdi, the most important the commercial space so that the integrity of the original shopping hub of the city of Nagpur. space be maintained.

SECTION YY' 3. RESTAURANT SPACE: This space will introduce visitors to the taste of Nagpur. A central dinning space with live kitchens all around serving both local and foreign delicacies.

4. gi vi lin

TERRACE

FIRE ESCAPE 2

SERVICE WASHROOM

SUITE 120 SQ. MT.

ROOM TYPE 2 110 SQ. MT.

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

TERRACE

FIRE ESCAPE 2

SERVICE WASHROOM

SUITE 120 SQ. MT.

ROOM TYPE 2 110 SQ. MT.

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

SERVICE ELEVATOR

2 MT WIDE

ELEVATOR

LAWN

LAWN BELOW

OPEN GREEN AREA SERVICE CORRIDOR

FEMALE WC

WC ROOM 60 SQ. MT

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

FIRE ESCAPE 1

FIRE ESCAPE 3

FIRE ESCAPE 3 SERVICE CORRIDOR ELECTRICAL

ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 1

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ELECTRICAL

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

LOUNGE AREA

FEMALE WC

WC ROOM 60 SQ. MT

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

WC ROOM 60 SQ. MT

MALE WC

ELEVATOR

ELEVATOR FEMALE WC

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ESCALATOR STORE ROOM

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ROOM 60 SQ. MT WC

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

FEMALE WC

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ESCALATOR STORE ROOM

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ROOM 60 SQ. MT WC

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ROOM 60 SQ. MT WC

ROOM 60 SQ. MT

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

OPEN TERRACE BELOW

PLAN

NINTH FLOOR PLAN MID-BUDGET HOTEL

TENTH-FOURTEENTH FLOOR PLAN MID-BUDGET HOTEL

FIRE ESCAPE 2

SERVICE WASHROOM OFFICE 50 SQ. MT

OFFICE 30 SQ. MT

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

OFFICE 30 SQ. MT

KITCHEN 120 SQ. MT

TERRACE

SERVICE ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 2 2 MT WIDE

ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 1

SERVICE ELEVATOR

RECEPTION CUM LOBBY

LAWN BELOW

ELECTRICAL

FEMALE WC

2 MT WIDE STAIRWAY

FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

BANQUET HALL 1050 SQ. MT

ELEVATOR

SERVICE WASHROOM ART GALLERY

FIRE HYDRANT ELECTRICAL

FIRE ESCAPE 3 SERVICE CORRIDOR

GUEST ROOM 60 SQ. MT

STORE ROOM ELEVATOR

FIRE ESCAPE 1

FIRE ESCAPE 3 RECEPTION CUM LOBBY

LAWN BELOW SERVICE CORRIDOR ELEVATOR FEMALE WC

ELECTRICAL

FEMALE WC

STAIRWAY

ESCALATOR

MALE WC

FIRE HYDRANT

MALE WC

ELEVATOR

CURATOR OFFICE 60 SQ. MT

ART GALLERY

ELEVATOR FEMALE WC

OPEN TERRACE BELOW

MALE WC

OPEN TERRACE BELOW

FIFTEENTH FLOOR PLAN BANQUET HALL CUM EXHIBITION SPACE

SPATIAL ZONING

SEVENTEENTH FLOOR PLAN ART GALLERY TOTAL AREA: 2480 SQ. MT

BANQUET HALL BUDGET HOTEL RESTAURANT SHOPPING COMPLEX

FLOWER MARKET

BASEMENT PARKING

. BUDGET HOTEL: An inexpensive hotel for visitors to the city, iven the site's convenient location near the railway station for isitors looking for a short and budget friendly stay much in the nes of Treebo and OYO.

ELECTRICAL

STAIRWAY

ESCALATOR

FIRE HYDRANT

INTERIOR & LANDSCAPE DESIGN "The details are not the details. They make the design" -- Chalrles Eames

6. RE-VISION

We have made sure that their apartment are a reflec like their bedrooms but in shared spaces like drawin friendship and make sure that the common spaces a reflection of their shared time together. Coupling t present to you Sheldon and Leonard's apartment.

SUBJECT: COMPETITION ENTRY- INTERIOR DESIGN YEAR: 2021 LOCATION: CALIFORNIA

Whenever we propose a design for our clients, we try to incorporate every requirement of them. But our ideas are based more on our experiences and less on the profiles of the users. So if we are provided the possibility of knowing our client inside out, can we now propose the best-suited design for them? In Re-vision, we redecorated the apartment of one of sitcom history’s favourite charactersLeonard and Sheldon Cooper. changing the original design and showing people our perspective. This design is our visualization of how it could have been if these sitcoms were shot in this day and age with us as their interior designer. Its he same legendary characters as before but with the needs of today’s world. Location: California, USA Area: 142.5 sq.m Type: Residential Building Design Problem: Interior Design (Redecoration)

SHELDON’s ROOM

The green floral wall ireminiscent of Meemaw's house

comic strip wallpaper in the wall

blackboard wall for sheldon's endless calculation shelf for sheldon's train collection

ORIGINAL LAYOUT

Bathroom 4B

ction of their personality, their memories especially in private quarters ng and washroom, the idea was to uphold their long standing are based on themes that are special to both of them and are a that with an overall sense of modern sleek minimalism and BAZINGA- we

DRAWING ROOM

Study room

TEXTURES Sheldon’s room Grey wooden planks flooring in leonard’s room

Leonard’s room

Vinyl wood flooring Star wars themed drawing room for our inhouse fan

ENTRY Major Furniture with plywood and dark brown mica

PLAN Grey-white marble floor for circulation paths

Kitchen

Drawing room

KITCHEN CUM DINING

STUDY ROOM

white brick wallpaper

Transparent partition

Sleek modern Kitchen fit for a bachlore’s den

Sheldon and Leonard- the protagonist of the famous sitcom the Big Bang Theory and our clients for this redesign project are two genius physicists staying in California and have been friends for many years now.

LEONARD’s ROOM

On the other hand is Leonard, the polar opposite to Sheldon, calm sensible reasonable.

WASHROOM

Bringing back the memories First Sheldon Cooper- the child prodigy who never really left his childhood. He still yearns for his mother to sing him "soft kitty" when he catches a cold, Captain Spock still invades his dream.

Rug

Video game themed wallpaper

7. LAURELS HOUSE SUBJECT: COMPETITION ENTRY- INTERIOR DESIGN COMPETITION YEAR: 2021 LOCATION: NAGPUR

Houses went from being a territorial necessity to a lifestyle definition and yet the meaning of “home” has remained constant. Through the passage of times, we have been seeking homes that respond to our innate humanness and instincts. From a space where you seek shelter, comfort, constancy and permanence. Understanding the term “home interiors” have moulded through millenia, relentlessly adapting to our needs and essentially an ever-expanding lives. Especially the modern interiors have seen a myriad classification along with classification, along with transformation in terms of design, style, form, materials and construction. Location: Nagpur, Maharashtra Area: 900 sq. ft. Type: Residence Design Problem: Interior Design of a single-floor residence Renovation to be done for spaces like living, drawing, dinning, balcony following a particular theme or concept. The design should be functional as well.

CLIENT REQUIREMENT: -Variety of option for mentioned spaces, its visualization and ideas. -Exploring all kinds of possibilities for materials and various kinds of interior design -Appropriate play of colours with relation to openings and lighting. -The “focal point”- Living Room. -Designing of furniture, TV unit and semi-open partition for living room is important -Sense of privacy should be obtained maintaining openness in the design

8. YA-SU SANTORINI

PLAN 1 3230 [10'-78"]

3 4658 [15'-38"]

480

A 3 2990 [9'-94"]

WASHING STORE 10'X8'

1094

5836

6705 PANTRY

903 1191

CONVINIENCE STOR

NOODLES

CHIPS

BISCUIT

SANDWICH FOOD RACK

1774

1 240 [92"] 3 2990 [9'-94"]

MAGAZINE RACK

CONVENO STORE 10'X9'

HER 10'X10'6"

ESSENTIALS RACK

5 1615 [5'-38"]

Existing Store / Servant

UP 3 365 [1'-28"]

5' W

1 4330 [14'-22"]

HIS 10'X13'6"

WC START LAYOUT HERE

1 3230 [10'-78"]

3 4658 [15'-38"]

480

GR 1 11030 [36'-24"]

1 3000 [9'-108"]

460

712

BAR AREA

RESTURENT 30'3"X38'6" 1165 SFT

7982

819

The task for this assignment was to design the interior space for a restaurant cum convinience store of a petrol pump, following specific interior styles and making sure that the space turns out to be aesthetic while also taking care of the functional aspect of the space.

KITCHEN 30'X17'6"

1368

3 2625 [8'-78"]

STORE

1 2750 [9'-04"]

Location: Bangalore, Karnataka Area: 624 sq.m Type: Commercial Building (Restaurant Interior Design) Mentor: Dr. Amit Deshmukh

6526

PREPARATION COUNTER

1964

The motive for this assignment was to understand and develop space into functional Interior space design so that we can perceive interior as basic for design with respect to function, comfort and aesthetics. Getting to know the various principles and styles of interior design (both Indian and Western), we were to put our knowledge into use to what was best suited according to context.

COOKING COUNTER

REFRIGERATOR

1004

SUBJECT: INTERIOR DESIGN SEMESTER: 8 LOCATION: BANGALORE

CUTLRY / SERVICE 10'X13'

SEATIN

7 12190 [39'-118"]

RESTURENT 30'3"X38'6" 1165 SFT HER 10'X10'6"

600

500

600

WC HIS 10'X10'6"

600

460

1200

610

TERRACE

INTERIOR STYLE: MEDITERRENEAN STYLE

Keeping in mind the climate of Bangalore, and the relentless calmness and romanticism of Greek architecture, the Greek city of Santorini acted as an influence for this project. The interior design style of Santorini is derived from the MEDITERRENEAN STYLE

FIR

YA-SU SANTORINI 7 3655 [11'-118"]

1 07 [15'-94"]

1 4753 [15'-78"]

BUILDING MATERIALS

3 3600 [11'-94"]

3047 [10']

-Red & black lava stone everywhere -Timber: an exotic luxury -Theran earth’, a volcanic ash like cement: strong, cheap, local

A 3 2990 [9'-94"]

UP WASHING COUNTER DINNING SPACE

747

2061

1458

72 9

793

VERANDAH 12'x40'

7 74 CAFE

CASH COUNTER CUM RECEPTION

1 2750 [9'-04"]

48 4

DISPLAY FRIDGE

OUTDOOR LAWN

natural materials for furniture and decorative objects, such as rattan, wicker, straw, rope, jute, linen, and cotton

2038

1 240 [92"]

1009

COFFEE STATION

5 1615 [5'-38"]

593

MAIN ENTRANCE

3 2990 [9'-94"]

1158

ENTRANCE LOBBY 8'x10'

WD PASSAGE

1 07 [15'-94"]

ENTRANCE CANOPY 12'x10'

7 3655 [11'-118"]

RESTAURENT 31'3"X38'6"

1 4753 [15'-78"]

3 3600 [11'-94"]

3047 [10']

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

ROUND FLOOR PLAN A MID LANDING

WHITE-The bulk of the buildings in Santorini was made from volcanic stone which worked well as an insulator, but its dark color also led to the buildings absorbing more heat, making it really hot to be indoors. The buildings were therefore painted white to reflect the harsh sun rays. BLUE- Blue was extensively used because it was cheap and readily available with most households and since whitewashing was done up to three times a year, it was often the easiest color to use.

LANDING

3 11730 [38'-54"]

NG BOOTHS

5 3370 [11'-08"]

3 9546 [31'-34"]

TOP VIEW

COLOR

1 4330 [14'-22"]

ENTRY FROM PUMP

FURNITURE

3 365 [1'-28"]

2828

3 2625 [8'-78"]

931

The ceiling made of exposed wooden beam, wood jaalis, with faux bougainvillea and cane chandelliers hanging from them, all elements of Santorini and by large Mediterrenean architecture.

Verandah BELOW 12'x40'

BALCONY

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

RST FLOOR PLAN

CEILING

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

Bibite

Two-storeyed building, lower floor consisting of the convinience store, reception -cum cash counter and cafe while upper floor consists of family diner cum bar.

SECTIONS

VERANDAH W

VERANDAH OVER

RESTAURANT BAR

The interiors are a perfect blend of white and blue starting from the louvered windows to the white exposed brick walls with rustic wooden furnitures thrown in.

CAFE A

1 3230 [10'-78"]

1 4808 [15'-94"]

7 3655 [11'-118"]

1 4753 [15'-78"]

3 3600 [11'-94"]

3047 [10']

A UP 3 2990 [9'-94"]

KITCHEN 30'X17'6"

3 2625 [8'-78"]

STORE

3 2625 [8'-78"]

3 2990 [9'-94"]

WASHING STORE 10'X8'

MAGAZINE RACK

3 365 [1'-28"]

VERANDAH 12'x40'

DISPLAY FRIDGE

1 2750 [9'-04"]

CONVENO STORE 10'X9'

OUTDOOR LAWN

1 240 [92"]

CONVINIENCE STORE

ENTRANCE LOBBY 8'x10'

HER 10'X10'6"

3 2990 [9'-94"]

Existing Store / Servant

1 2750 [9'-04"] 3 2990 [9'-94"]

1 240 [92"]

OUTSIDE VIEW

3 365 [1'-28"]

WITH SEATING

COFFEE STATION

ESSENTIALS RACK

5 1615 [5'-38"]

MAIN ENTRANCE

5' WD PASSAGE

1 4330 [14'-22"]

HIS 10'X13'6" ENTRY FROM PUMP

WC START LAYOUT HERE

1 4330 [14'-22"]

ENTRANCE CANOPY 12'x10'

RESTAURENT 31'3"X38'6"

1 3230 [10'-78"]

3 4658 [15'-38"]

1 4808 [15'-94"]

7 3655 [11'-118"]

1 4753 [15'-78"]

3 3600 [11'-94"]

3047 [10']

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

RLOOKING CAFE

AREA

3 4658 [15'-38"]

FLOOR PLAN

CONVINIENCE STORE

1 11030 [36'-24"]

1 3000 [9'-108"]

3 9546 [31'-34"]

5 3370 [11'-08"]

A MID LANDING

RESTURENT 30'3"X38'6" 1165 SFT

CUTLRY / SERVICE 10'X13'

LANDING

3 11730 [38'-54"]

7 12190 [39'-118"]

HER 10'X10'6"

BALCONY

WC HIS 10'X10'6"

CASH COUNTER

TERRACE

ROOF PLAN Wooden beams Bougainvillea Lights

RESTAURANT

Verandah BELOW 12'x40'

9. THE LANDS’ END SUBJECT: LANDSCAPE DESIGN (GANGA REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT) SEMESTER: 7 LOCATION: KOLKATA

Exploring the role and importance of landscaping and site planning in enhancing and improving the quality of building environs, functionally and aesthetically. To create awareness amongst students of the architecture beyond building, in the outdoor environment. Location: Kolkata, West Bengal Area: 7689 sq. mt Type: Green Space Mentor: Dr. Meenal Surawar The assignment was to choose any undeveloped piece of open land in a city of our choice and turn it into a piece of green heaven, taking into consideration the climate and local vegetation. The site chosen was an undeveloped piece of land on banks of River Ganga in Kolkata.

This project is a chance to redev waterfront has been turned into

CURRENT USER ACTIVITY -JOGGING -MERCHANDISE TRADE -MORNING WALKS -LOITERING -TOURISM -FERRY RIDES

USER

-ELDE -MIDD -OFFIC -HAW -TOUR

velop the Kolkata waterfront, turn it into a green oasis of peace to bring respite to the city people. Although some part of the o public parks like Elliott Park and Millenium Park, much of the waterfront remains mostly desolate and underdeveloped

R DEMOGRAPHIC

ERLY PEOPLE DLE AGED PEOPLE CE GOERS WKERS RISTS

USER CIRCULATION

COLOUR OPACITY INDICATES THE DENSITY OF PEOPLE

NEEDFUL ACTIVITIES

PUBLIC USE

-GATHERING SPACE -PICNIC SPOTS -PLACE DEDICATED SPECIFICALLY FOR ELDERLY -PLAY AREA FOR KIDS -SHOPPING PLAZA -EATERIES -CITY INTERPRETATION CENTRE -RIVER CONSERVATION CENTRE

MOSTLY VISITED BY TOURISTS, WALKERS & LOITERES BUT IS NOT WELL MAINTAINED

PUBLIC USE

UNDER PORT AUTHORITY

RESTRICTED AREA WHICH REQUIRES MAINTAINANCE & HAS FALLEN INTO WILDERNESS

SECTION

SITE PLAN 1

INTERPRETATION CENTRE/GARDEN

LAWN

PAVED AREA

JETTY AREA

COURTYARD I

PERGOLA

SITTING AREA I

KIOSK SHOPS

RIVERSIDE

WALKWAY

SITTING AREA II

EATERY I

EATERY II

VIEWING DECK

SENIOR CITIZEN PARK

COURTYARD II

SITTING AREA III

PAVILLION

WATERBODY

CHILDREN'S PARK

PICNIC TERRACES

CIRCULATION

1 1

1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

SITE BOUNDARY JOGGING TRACK WALKWAY 1 WALKWAY 2 ENTRANCES

HARDSCAPE

FURNITURE PLAN 1

1 1 1

1 1

SOFTSCAPE

VEGETATION

SAL BANYAN

ROSE PLANT

MARIGOLD PLANT

FERN

SUNFLOWER

CIRCULATION PLAN 1

1 1

PALM

PLUMERIA

BOUGAINVELLIA TREE GOLDEN RAIN TREE FISHTAIL PALM

1 1

MATERIAL

N +3.30 N +3.30

+3.30

N +3.30

+3.30

N +3.30

+3.30

N +3.30

LANDSCAPING GRAVEL LANDSCAPING MIX SOIL

CONCRETE

CONCRETE SAND

WHITE DECOR MARBLE

COMPOST

WOOD

REALITOS ROCK FLAGSTONE

FURNITURE

FOUNTAINS

GAZEBBOS

1 1

SEATING SPACES

CONTOUR

TECHNICAL “A great bridge is a great monument which should serve to make known the splendour and genius of a nation; one should not occupy oneself with efforts to perfect it architecturally, for taste is always susceptible to change, but to conserve always in its form and decoration the character of solidity which is proper.” -- Jean-Rodolphe Perronet

10. RESIDENCE SUBJECT: WORKING DRAWING SEMESTER: 5 & 6 LOCATION: NAGPUR

Creating construction /working drawings for a residence in nagpur. Requirements include drawings from centrline plas to detailed sections with every details from toilet to stairs, site management and drainage layout.Also Included writing specifications for materials and fixtures. Location: Nagpur Area: 4228 sq.m Type: Residential Building Mentor: Dr.Vilas Bakde The building design is executed through several construction drawings prepared in sequence and other constructional details. The objective was to study and prepare detailed construction drawings to facilitate ease of construction with these execution/working drawings to larger scales for more clarity of details.

BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS Structure: RCC framed structure as per structural design and drawing. Walling: 230mm thick brick masonry walls in cement mortar and papapet/ railing 230mm thicK brick masonry in cement mortar. Flooring : Flooring marble tiles, green kota flooring and skirting for toilet ceramic tiles floor and dado upto lintel for kitchen area dado upto sill level on kitchen platform in ceramic tiles. Plastering: External wall surfaces in sand faced cement plaster. Internal wall surfaces ceilings finished in nerru plaster. Roof slab: All flat roof slabs in rcc with internal finish with proper rain water drainage slope as per terrace plan. Door and Windows: All doors with wooden section frame with wooden panel shutters and details. All windows teak wood panelled and ventilations with standard mild steel sections casement types.

AXONOMETRIC VIEW OF THE RESIDENCE

AREA STATEMENT

Excess

14 sq.m

Taken in FSI

C 10000

10000 3385

1615

3115

100

425 525 575

5000

1615

3115

3000

W.C.

3730

TOILET

2140X1200

9725

8710

BATH ROOM 2140X1200

8710

100 50

100

400 500 550

400 100 500 50 550

LIVING ROOM

3365

3615

3155X4265

KITCHEN

3155X3250

285 310 50

115 115 140 140

11270

9775

18000

8660

5345

1115 18000

5345

1115

8660

C2 2059

9775

24 23

100

450 550 600

100

1495

100

465 615 665

115 140

500 400

1400

330 230

11270

635 685 735

100

1200

1200X900

14885

1300

185 115 210 140

615 565 465 685 635 535

400 300

100

115 115 140 140

11155

3365

100

3155X3615

100 50 50

585 660 710

500 350 115 115 140 140

330 230

235 115 260 140

1350

465 590 640

380 230

1100

1150

3155X3615

BEDROOM

9725 1015

3385

BEDROOM

18000

8385

5000

11155

1430

V600

NHI

Total

1430

Taken in FSI

1015

14 sq.m

14885

V600

14 sq.m

1615

10000

BALCONY

1000MM WIDE

12000

Enclosed

1500

7000

14885

18000

Open

1500

12000

NHl

Excess

1615

18000

14 sq.m

14885

3385

V600

Enclosed

Total

18000

10000

3730

Open

1615

3385

1615

AT FIRST FLOOR Permissible Provided

18000

1000MM WIDE

AT FIRST FLOOR Permissible Provided

15% of B/U 14 sq.m

18000

BALCONY

BALCONY AREA

15% of B/U 14 sq.m

8385

180sq.m 1 Nil 89.4sq.m 89.4sq.m 1.2sq.m

3115

Total plot area Permissible FSI Proposed ground floor B/U area Proposed first floor B/U area Proposed second floor B/U area Balance B/U area

UP ENTRANCE

5345

3115

3155X2000

TREAD-250MM RISER-170MM

3115

BALCONY

1000MM WIDE

8944

3385

1615

8385

FOOTING LAYOUT

10000

5000

1615

0000 0

3385

3115

1615

3115

10000

1500

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

10000

3385

7000 10000

8385

1615

1500

5000

1500

1615

3000

3115

3000

3115

128 79

2230

3315

VERANDAH DN

2230

2000

2230

C NORTH

The proposed residence was a three-storey structure and a residence located in Somalwada, Nagpur. While the ground floor was for parking, the upper three floors consist of the living quarters of the owners.

FFL 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

MB1

9 8

Each floor had the same configuration of 2 bedrooms, along with balconies, 2 toilets, kitchen-cum dinning, drawing and verandah

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

GFL

PB1

DETAILS WATER TANK

13180

STAIRCASE TOWER

12180

450

LB1

MB1

LB1

PARAPET LEVEL

10880

TERRACE LEVEL

9780

LINTEL LEVEL

8820

SILL LEVEL

7620

LB1

SB1

52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45

MB1

44 43 42 41

LB1

40 39 38 37 36

SB1

SECOND FLOOR

6720

LINTEL LEVEL

5760

SB1

34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27

MB1

26 25 24

SILL LEVEL

4560

FIRST FLOOR

3660

PLINTH LEVEL

600

LB1

22 21 20 19 18

SB1

17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

MB1

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PB1

SECTION

PRINCIPLE ELEVATION All dimensions are in mm

SB3

100mm Thick Slab

12mm Thick Plaster

Chimney Outlet

1144

Steel Handles

T.W. Panel Window

Cabinets made from Plywood Laminated with Mica sheet 1144

8mm Thick Ceramic Tiles Sink of Granite top and Kadappa base

2288

12mm above Granite platform

P Trap concealed into wall

Cabinets made from Plywood Laminated with Mica sheet

230mm Thick Brick Wall

Ground Level

230

3155

230

115

SECTION AA’

150mm Thick Brick Wall

3155

12mm Thick Plaster

Flooring Tiles

480

722

785

450

900

1325 x 900 Dining Table Top

600

550

DINING TABLE TOP 1325 x 900

Fridge

FRIDGE

1230

W1800

Space for MIcrowave / Grinder

993

750mm wide Granite Platform

1597,2

300

700

200

555

A’

600

430

750

700 x 720 Gas Stove

800mm Wide Stainless Steel Sink 230

Chimney above Gas Stove C2

4 230

C4 3155

5 230 NORTH

KITCHEN DETAIL All dimensions are in mm

SB2

45mm Projected RCC Chajja

450

1200

300 x 300 Full Wall Ceramic Dado Tiles

900

Exhaust Fan

100

25mm dia PVC Pipe

2100

8mm Thick Glass Louvers D750 1200

230mm Thick Brick Wall 12mm Thick Plaster

300 x 300 x 8mm Thick Glazed Ceramic Tiles Flooring Sunk for Indian WC Pan 120mm SRCC Slab

120

P Trap

435

450

120

T Junction CI pipe 100mm Stack Waste Pipe

SECTION BB’

115 115

450 450

115 115

10 10

V600 V600

900 900

450 x 450 Inspection Chamber

C2 C2

450 450

Flow from Bottom to Top 150mm Dia to Main Sewer Line

B’

D750 D750

20mm Dia PVC 100mm S.W.P 150mm x 100mm Gully Trap

300 300

BIB Tap 125mm Dia Nahani Trap

V600 V600

600 600

75mm W.W.P. SLOPE SLOPE 1:10 1:10

115mm Brick Wall

1240 1240 300 300

300 x 300 Ceramic Tiles Flloring

C2 C2

230mm Thick Brick wall 12mm Thick Plaster

20mm Dia PVC Pipe

NORTH

TOILET DETAIL All dimensions are in mm

11. VIDHAN BHAVAN SUBJECT: BUILDING DOCUMENTATION SEMESTER: 4 LOCATION: VIDHAN BHAWAN, NAGPUR

The assignment was based on a field and literature study of buildings of architectural importance or settlements in and around Nagpur region.To understand the process of building documentation and develop the knowledge and skill of recording, categorizing, dissemination and analysis of information through graphic and written mediums. Location: Nagpur Area: 4228 sq.m Type: Government Building Mentor: Dr.Vijay Kapse The building chosen was the historical Vidhan Bhawan building of Nagpur, where Winter Session of the Maharashtra Legislature is held. The foundation stone of the building was laid in 1912. It was constructed by the then British command to house the administration of the Central Provinces and Berar, of which Nagpur was the capital.

ABOUT THE BUILDING Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur is the building in the Civil lines locality of Nagpur, the second capital of Maharashtra state of India, where Winter Session of the Maharashtra Legislature is held. The foundation stone of the building was laid in 1912. It was constructed by the then British command to house the administration of the Central Provinces and Berar, of which Nagpur was the capital.

Gate no. 3 Gate no. 1

Gate no. 2

Legends Main Building Unit Block Roads Pavement

Gate no. 4

Landscape Trees Gate no. 5 NORTH

SITE PLAN

ACTIVITIES 1. Entrance porch 2. Lobby

3. 3.

4. Corridoor 5. Red room 6. Courtyard 7. Conference room

3. 2.

The old British building houses several meeting 4.

960 seat assembly along with a courtyard that connects the old building with the new annexture.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

535

460

12906

535

100

750

1616

150

1351

1625 1670

900

4075

100 110

ORNAMENTATION DETAILS

460

1070

610

970

680

3000

3620

630

203

Doors & Windows

203

1600

Railing Grill Detail

530

Column Detail

Window & Column Ornamentation on Facade

Central Entrance

Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur is the building in the Civil lines locality of Nagpur, the second capital of Maharashtra state of India, where Winter Session of the Maharashtra Legislature is held. The foundation stone of the building was laid in 1912. It was constructed by the then British command to house the administration of the Central Provinces and Berar, of which Nagpur was the capital. It consist of red room, meeting

SECTION AA’

SECTION BB’

FRONT ELEVATION

SIDE ELEVATION

SIDE

ELEVATION

MATERIALS

1. STAGE DESIGN SUBJECT: ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION SEMESTER: 6 LOCATION: VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR

The assignment was to design a stage and covered seating area for the students who graduate from VNIT, Nagpur every year. The structures to be used to build the roof of the stage were space frame structures. The structure should provide roof over 3600 people and was located on the sports ground of VNIT. Location: Nagpur Area: 2187.5 sq.m Type: Stage for student farewell Mentor: Dr.Vikas Bakde

TUBULAR STEEL SECTIONS 150 MM DIAMETER 250 MM DIAMETER

Tubular Steel roof trusses are use worksheds, shopping malls, hug for spans as large as 25-30m.

Advantages of Tubular Steel

-Structures designed for materia where weight savings may be ve -30% to 40% less surface area th of maintenance, cost of painting -The moisture and dirt do not co possibility of corrosion also redu -The ends of tubes are sealed. As The interior surface do not need -They have more torsional resista -They have a higher frequency vi including the solid round one.

The idea of this assignment and the course as a whole was to understand construction furnished with plans, section, elevation, views and info about material, etc.

ROOF COVERING MATERIAL: GALVANIZED METAL SHEET

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

25M

50M

25M

50M

SITE LOCATION

Site located at the football ground of VNIT, Nagpur comprising an area of 2187.5 sq. mt.

customize your roof based on the durability, style and price that we wish to obtain Metal sheets are long lasting and can withstand extreme weather conditions -They are recyclable and save on cooling costs -Structural integrity of the space frame is not compromised because of low weight. -Galvanized metal sheets are rust resistant -They are low maintenance

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ASSORTED "Without tradition, art is a flock of sheep without a shepherd. Without innovation, it is a corpse.” – Winston Churchill

13. BIT OF CALCUTTA SUBJECT: URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN (ARCHITECTURAL ESSAY) SEMESTER: 7 LOCATION: KOLKATA

The misssion of the subject Urban Planning and Design was to o introduce the scope and nature of Urban Planning and Urban Design as disciplines so that students develop an enhanced understanding of the issues and concerns of urban environment and probable approaches in addressing them through planning and design Location: Kolkata Type: Architectural Essay Mentor: Dr.Sarika Bahadure In this assignment, as a preliminary understanding of Urban Planning and design, students were asked to write an architectural essay about the city of their dwelling (Kolkata), in a purely architectural and urban design context, picking a few spots that define their idea of the city and how students will like to denote the different urban pockets that exists in the city that come together to make the city the way it is.

A random history book might describe Kolkata a city founded by Job Charnock by merging three villages Sutanuti, Gobindapur and Kalikata some in the 17th century, the city deriving its name fro last village. It was the capital of the colonial Britis empire, and during the peak of British rule was th of art and culture and also the center of the India Independence Movement. But a few lines in a his book can never do enough justice in describing a -old city, especially if the city is Kolkata with its tremendous past history and equally thriving pre

Kolkata, I like to believe is like an old woman who young at heart to this day. The derelict trams, wh a showpiece of the city’s bygone eras nowadays, handpulled rickshaw-a testimony of shocking inh to the yellow Ambassador taxis, transportations w should have long faded into oblivion runs side by advanced metro system connecting the city and of Uber and Ola which have become an indispen of the city’s existence. Gleaming shopping centre go-to destination for today’s generation but they shy away from making a visit to small street side This city has the unique ability of welcoming new experiences while fiercely safeguarding the old.

For lovers of architecture, Kolkata is literally archi heaven. Each building has a story, every road or s have a piece of history attached to it. Right from childhood, I was fascinated, gravitating towards t exhibits of a bygone era, the buildings standing t testimony of time. Right next to them contempo projects rose in tandem, easily obliterating the ga between past and present. Grand colonial buildin Victoria Memorial, St Peter’s Cathedral, built in tru European patterns with Gothic and neoclassical f stand tall to this day, a reminder of the city’s colo heritage. They are mostly found in and around Ce Kolkata comprising of places like Chowringhee, P etc. - a part of the city known as “White Town” du British Rule while in the “Black Town” referring to Kolkata where large zamindar baris, houses of ot influential Bengali families exist even today.

In fact, the para culture of Kolkata- the tradition o an entire neighbourhood coexisting together as originated from the narrow lanes of North Kolkat much has changed in all these years. The other neighbourhoods of Kolkata developed later, Sou with the arrival of Armenians, Jews, Parsis, later o rise to its own unique style of architecture. The G Marwari and other communities flocked to the ci later followed by the refugee people from the oth of the border in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Beng these communities have left their mark on the cit especially in the Southern part in terms of culture architecture, food etc leading to the developmen

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of the poshest and most culturally vibrant corners of the country. East Kolkata was taken under development much later under the struct surveillance of the government to design a planned city dotted with skyscrapers and glittering corporate buildings.

occasion of Eid from their Muslim friends. The city will be decked up during any festival- be it Durga Puja, Diwali, Eid or Christmas. Due to this the city holds a different look during various parts of the year, and one way you can fathom the ushering of a new festival is by the changing display of commodities at local shops. Gulaal during Holi, skullcaps or colourful bangles during Eid, diyas as Deepavali approaches or Santa Claus and Xmas tree lining the streets on the onset of Christmas. As regular residents one might be too used to it to pay any special attention to this but for people visiting during different parts of the year, the change in the festive vibes is quite fathomable.

the dingiest of alleys. Maybe that’s because there is a place for everyone in this city. If you are a booklover, you can spend endless hours lost in the dusty makeshift stalls of College Street, browsing through thousands On any given day you will hear the sound of of precious books. A shopping Ranbindrasangeet or an old Beetles song floating from a enthusiast can visit anywhere from random house in a random neighbourhood of this city or the historic shopping complex of you would stumble upon numerous cultural festivals New Market to the weekly market of encompassing art, singing, dancing or theatre occurring Hatibagan. An enthusiasm for in those same neighbourhoods. I have often wondered cinema, theatre or art can lead you what makes my city so special- is it the undying passion to AJC Bose Road where you take a and sense of pride that people feel to be a part of this city, tour of the art galleries, theatre is it the mindboggling variety of food or is it the yeararena or cinema halls and be round air of festivity. Or maybe Kolkata as a city is For the people here, cinema and sports are as much greeted enthusiastically by fellow defined by its unique architecture. Truth is-it’s a mix of all if not a bigger religion as the more traditional ones. art-lovers. this and many more. For as anyone who has stayed long So, the city holds a festive vibe during the 10 days enough in this city will tell you that it is the people who International Book Fair (the largest of its kind), the The crux of the matter is Kolkata will make Kolkata what it is - warm, simple humans who are Kolkata International Film festival with posters and never be the “City that never sleeps” never too busy to stop by to help you in case of any hundreds of news articles dedicated to these -its residents are too much fond of distress, who would take immense pride in their culture, occasions while thousands of people from all over their siesta to give it up, nor will it be who are knowledgeable about topics ranging from politics the state flocks to these events to celebrate the the “Silicon Valley of India”- too to world cinema. unifying language of literature and cinema. And engrossed in books and culture to once every four years at the onset of the cricket and pay heed to changing technologies. Kolkata is not about Bengalis only, a race who make up football World Cups, entire neighbourhoods would Kolkata will forever be covered in most of its population. For centuries, Kolkata has been garb themselves in the national colours of the team heat, dust and sweat, the collective home to people all over the country. It has a thriving they support as a mark of allegiance, the deafening cacophony of traffic jams will make Marwari community who have interests in most of the sound of fireworks and collective jubilation your ear drums ring but this will commercial ventures of the city. They have been joined continuing late into the night. always be a city with a heart where by an evergrowing Gujrati, Punjabi, Sindhi community. you are made to feel welcome at all And who can forget the Anglo-Indian people or the Not so surprisingly food changes too according to times. Visitors often describe it as a dwindling population of Armenian, Jewish or Parsi people the changing festivals. You have a wide range of decaying city depending on which who resides in the heart of the city and are in many ways cakes and other bakery goodies to choose from part of Kolkata you are visiting, but the epicentre of nostalgia. All these people have brought during the month of December and January through years of dilapidation, of along their own culture while embracing the culture of alongside an array of Bengali sweets made from constant perishing, the City of Joy this city whole heartedly. The city too has returned the jaggery. Summer is about mangoes, or tasting a has managed to survive somehow favour and hence you see Calcuttans celebrating Diwali platter of Bengali food on the occasion of Bengali and will continue to do so in the with as much enthusiasm as they celebrate the more new year. As Eid approaches, the aroma of Biriyani coming days. traditional Kali Puja a day before. Not only in festivals, this fills the air more than usual and during those seven cultural diversity is extensively visible throughout the city days of Durga puja you are allowed to eat whatever “I miss the olden buildings in its flavour of food, choice of clothes, music and literature you want. The foods’ tastes change according to the I miss the bustling streets and even in architecture. changing landscape of the city. North Kolkata I miss riding the tramway would give you a taste of the more authentic Bengali With a song playing on repeat foods, while south Kolkata is more about quint One point which will always set this city apart from anywhere else is the secular spirit that resides in its very air. cafes, upcoming eateries and embracing global I miss the winter sunsets cuisine available in its manyrestaurants. Central If you take a walk through the city, it is not so uncommon I miss evenings by the lake Kolkata is more steeped in historical landmark to see a Hindu temple sharing the wall with a mosque. It is I miss Maharaja's kachoris food joints like Dacres Lane to the entire area of in fact this spirit of secularism that motivates the people of And jalebis on a steel plate Kolkata to celebrate every festival no matter which religious Park Street housing numerous high end and groups they belong to. You will see people being awake for famous restaurants. I miss the yellow taxis nights at length hopping from one pandal to the next trying I miss the hawkers' stalls to visit as many pandals as they can in one night. These same In my so many years of residing in this city, I have I miss the political graffiti people would be visiting the church in hordes during travelled the entire length and breadth of Kolkata, Adorning the walls” Christmas, would dance in the middle of the street at discovered new places, experienced new things midnight of 31st December while ushering in the English everyday but I have never felt lost or unwelcome - Extract from a poetry by Chitragupta New Year. They would demand Biriyani on the auspicious anywhere, from the poshest of neighborhoods to

HOW MODULA

1. RESEARCH PAPER SUBJECT: MODULARITY IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING YEAR: 2021 LOCATION: Mumbai, Maharashtra

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE MODULARITY IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNINGHOW MODULAR ARCHITECTURE CAN REVOLUTIONIZE INDIAN ARCHITECTURE AND BY DEFAULT THE LARGER SOCIETY Shrestha Bhadra, Saloni Jain, Undergraduate Students, B.Arch. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, shresthabhadra2007@gmail.com; salonirjain111@gmail.com ABSTRACT:

ACA’s 2nd International Design Research Conference (IRDC 2021) , held on 18th December at Mumbai, Maharashtra, conducted by Aditya College of Architecture.

PAPER NAME: Modularity in Architecture and Planning (How Modular Architecture Can Revolutionize Indian Architecture and By Default The Larger Society) The subject of the conference was ‘MONADIC ARCHITECTURE’, an attempt to investigate design outcomes through reintroducing Monadic / Modular architecture in the contemporary domain as an undeniable answer to meet some the rural and urban building needs. Modularity in design refers to an approach that multiplies a unit to attain a larger entity - A repetition of a standard radical of space and form in configurations that can result in a plethora of design solutions, without using a large variety of prototypes. EXTRACT: Modular architecture or “modularity in design” is a design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids that can be independently created and then used in different systems. A modular system is characterized by functional partitioning into discrete scalable and reusable modules, rigorous use of well-defined modular interfaces, and making use ofindustry standards for interfaces. With the onset of the Modern Movement in architecture, industrialization, mass productionand standardization principles came to the fore. Modular architecture is the result of this thinking wherein creativity has beenreplaced by the prospect of standardized mass production of buildings at a faster rate and lower cost. Having said that modular architecture is yet to charm its way into third world countries like India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Yet the increasing population, space crunch and depriving economic conditions means this kind of architecture might very well be a revolutionary concept in such developing countries. In this paper we explore the origin of modular architecture, the challenges this kind of practise may face in the future, the scope of such ready-made objects from the point of view of developing countries specifically focused in India. We speak about already existing examples in other developing countries and also contemplate on whether this type of computerized form of buildings can jeopardize the traditional creativity of Indian architecture and shed some light on the economic effects this new dimension of architecture can bring about In India.

Modular architecture or “modularity in design” is a design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids that can be independently created and then used in different systems. A modular system is characterized by functional partitioning into discrete scalable and reusable modules, rigorous use of well-defined modular interfaces, and making use of industry standards for interfaces. With the onset of the Modern Movement in architecture, industrialization, mass production and standardization principles came to the fore. Modular architecture is the result of this thinking wherein creativity has been replaced by the prospect of standardized mass production of buildings at a faster rate and lower cost. Having said that modular architecture is yet to charm its way into third world countries like India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Yet the increasing population, space crunch and depriving economic conditions means this kind of architecture might very well be a revolutionary concept in such developing countries. In this paper we explore the origin of modular architecture, the challenges this kind of practise may face in the future, the scope of such ready-made objectsfrom the point of view of developing countries specifically focused in India. We speak about already existing examples in other developing countries and also contemplate on whether this type of computerized form of buildings can jeopardize the traditional creativity of Indian architecture and shed some light on the economic effects this new dimension of architecture can bring about In India.

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KEYWORDS: Modular architecture, Prefabricated construction, monads, rural architecture,urban architecture. INTRODUCTION / BACKGROUND The capabilities of modular architecture will be highlighted in this study, which include quick construction and lower embodied energy due to the assembly line approach of building construction. We'll also talk about how the qualities of prefabricated building might aid in the development of infrastructure in a developing country like India. It will attempt to explain how a new type of modular architecture might be produced that is regionally specific and not monotonous. AIM / PURPOSE •

To study the role of modular construction in developing countries like India

•

Trying to determine via qualitative analysis which section of the country requires this form of construction more.

WHAT IS MODULAR ARCHITECTURE? Since Henry Ford used the production line to assemble the Ford T model in 1913, the construction industry has been searching for the optimization of resources through the standardization of constructive methods and its components. Architecture generated by these procedures is what we call modular architecture. Architecture in which the number of functions is approximately similar to the number of components, where usually the interactions (as well as the interfaces) between components are relatively simple, and where each module is intended to be the main (often the only) responsible for providing a given function or sub-function of the product. A BRIEF HISTORY Modular architecture originated back in the 1600s when a colonial American fisherman who had just moved back from England, wanted to build a home for himself using the trusted English construction method. As a solution, he decided to ship a disassembled home by boat across the Atlantic Ocean. Although modular construction gained prominence during the American Gold Rush in the 1800s due to the demand for a quick housing solution, it wasn’t until the end of the 19th century that the demand for modular homes that the demand for modular homes really started gaining prominence.

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ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY India as a country has seen its demographic being divided into the urban and rural population. India is yet to be hit the tidal wave, which is pre-fabricated architecture. The construction industry is yet to get out of the inertia of traditional architecture. However, modularity is not a new concept for India. There are distinct traces of modularity which being showcased in the vernacular architecture of almost all parts of the country. Whether modular construction has a better scope at the urban or rural level is the point of contemplation of this research. This paper performs a quantitative and qualitative analysis of modular construction in urban and rural settings from the point of view of the Indian market.

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MODULARITY IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING AR ARCHITECTURE CAN REVOLUTIONIZE INDIAN ARCHITECTURE AND BY DEFAULT THE LARGER SOCIETY Shrestha Bhadra, Undergraduate Student, B.Arch. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology,

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

son established a manufacturing business in Dover, Massachusetts in 1897, taking advantage of the rapidly rising population. The E.F Hodgson Company created a catalogue that they used to sell modular homes all throughout the Sears, Roebuck and Montgomery Ward soon followed in their footsteps and sold hundreds of thousands of modular er the next few decades.

R ARCHITECTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY

for tiny spaces and the modern space crunch problem has given modular constructions a fresh lease on life in recent ople are finding out how modular homes can be environmentally and financially beneficial on a regular basis. Modular have a less environmental footprint and can be built to last and have a distinct personality. You can now buy a modular a fraction of the cost of one built on-site, and you may customise practically every feature of it.

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE The architects devised a framework that can be filled with the desired configuration and then installed into the structure after being manufactured off-site. The structural grid and the infrastructure were chosen as the sole permanent aspects of the building by the architects. The usage of prefabricated modules allows for complete customization of all other components like different types of flooring, façade elements and internal organization as per the owner’s wish. The terraces will be overgrown with plants that will be irrigated with rainwater. Natural ventilation will be facilitated by the optimal module arrangement, while the plants will aid to keep fresh air and the high-natural rise's aspect.

IS MODULARITY A NOVEL CONCEPT IN INDIA? It would be wrong to say that modular architecture is a concept developed in the west. In practically every section of the country, there is unique evidence of modularity to be found in vernacular architecture. Traditional architecture in India's north-eastern states is primarily made of natural, renewable materials such as bamboo, mud, grass, straw, cane leaves, and so on. They normally construct the basic framework of the house out of bamboo frames and then add bamboo or straw weaved inlays as partitions. The stilt portions of these houses are formed by tying bamboo diagonal bracings over bamboo supports. Horizontal members are strung across the bamboo supports with jute ropes and dowel and Tenon joints to build the structure above. The space beneath the stilt is frequently used to store a canoe for use in the event of a flood. The stilt buildings are usually built to protect against strong monsoons and flash floods.

"In a time of mass production and a certain conformity in the construction industry, we try to use modern construction techniques to rescue a level of individuality for the residents of a tower. A type of individuality that you would have when building your own home," commented Penda architects.

nology, such as better construction cranes, has enabled modular buildings to be created in larger, taller, and more varied ions. Units can be delivered across the country and assembled on-site in only a few days. In fact, in a feat that may not sible, Chinese company Broad Group has sped up the usual one-year time frame for constructing a 10-floor building to urs. According to the company, the building, erected in the central city of Changsha, was the world’s fastest construction ing of this size.

Scope Modular architecture has already gained acceptance in large parts of the world, especially the developing countries. Its economic and sustainable usage has helped it to quickly become a popular housing method. Modular building systems are progressively gaining traction in India, with a growing number of builders and construction businesses using the concept.

R ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

rastructure demand is at an all-time high. The government is taking significant steps to improve infrastructure in order he demands of an ever-increasing population. In a country that is already congested due to its high population, we now uild mass housing to house 900 million additional people by 2050, which equates to 856 new houses built every hour for 0 years (assuming a four-person occupancy in each house), not to mention schools, colleges, hospitals, and other al buildings.

Figure 5: Vijayawada Garden Estate Figure 2: Illustration of typical Assamese house, using prefabricated wall panels

Prefabricated modular buildings currently account for only 1% of India's $100 billion real estate sector. Developers anticipate that its popularity will rise as a result of the prolonged decline in residential real estate, which has seen inventories reach all-time highs. The reason for this is that prefabrication allows for a considerably speedier completion of projects, lowering total expenses. According to experts, if a house project takes a year to build using traditional methods, it only takes 5 to 6 months to finish using modular construction, assuming the scale is the same. In India, the government has set a goal of providing housing for all by 2022, which will necessitate the construction of 30 million low-cost residences as well as 98 smart cities. Both of these concepts are intended to give the modular system a boost. Furthermore, the government's move in late 2014 to relax prior criteria for 100 percent foreign direct investment in real estate has accelerated the use of modular technologies. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF OFFSITE MODULAR CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA

Figure 1: Future Scope

n the top seven cities alone is expected to rise by 32% year on year in 2019. As the government looks to accelerate ture growth in India, it has approved Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) to help investors come forward to invest in the l estate market, creating a Rs. 1.25 trillion (US $ 19.65 billion) opportunity in the Indian market over the coming years. scale of this massive project is ground-breaking, and it necessitates an equally ground-breaking solution in order to e required scale of construction in order to meet the construction market's demand efficiently.

T EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTION IN THIS CASE IS MODULAR CONSTRUCTION.

onstruction, without a doubt, has the advantage of speed. When properly planned, it can cut the time required to build f structure by half. Where traditional methods of construction could only produce 200 houses, modular construction duce 300 houses. This, in turn, reduces labour costs while also lowering overheads due to idle time of workers on the job ing construction to be completed in stages. In traditional construction, the ceiling cannot be built before the walls, and cannot be built until the floor is completed. All of this work can be completed concurrently thanks to modular on, which saves time, labour, and money.

Figure 3: Joinery detail of bamboo members (dowel & Tenon joint)

Figure 4: Typical wall with weaved bamboo infill and mud plaster over Because the bamboo weaved inlays are placed as prefabricated wall parts to the previous bamboo structural frame, this style of building might be considered modular, or panelized. Mud plaster is frequently used to cover these inlays, mostly for insulation and to prevent infiltration. CASE STUDY Modular architecture is a pretty novel concept in the realms of Indian Architecture. That being said, there have been some pretty interesting projects whose core concept has been based in modular architecture. One such example is the Vijayawada Garden Estate, designed by Penda China under the commission of Pooja Crafted Homes. The Lego-like modular skyscraper is designed with customizable prefab elements.

ntages, faster delivery and lower cost, are the foundation of success in the Indian market, and both are efficiently met e of modular construction.

Figure 6: Structural grid and prefabricated modules

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

DULAR CONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE INTRODUCED IN URBAN INDIA?

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ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Here we will look at an example of a modular building which exists in urban settings.

WHY MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE INTRODUCED IN RURAL INDIA?

PREFABRICATED LABOR CAMP

With a larger part of the Indian population residing below the below poverty level, occupying the rural belts of the country, modular construction can benefit the housing scene of these areas.

Guiding Principles and Construction: Angath Exterior & Interior is a distinguished organization engaged for Prefabricated Labour Camps manufacturer in India. These Prefab Labour Camps are manufacture and installed on sites where Construction/Mining projects are run on a temporary basic. The prefab labour camps can be shift to other sites easily. The offered camps are available in Delhi, Lucknow, Bhopal, Raipur, Guwahati, Gurgaon etc. Prefabricated Labour Camps are designed with the help of supreme quality material and modular technology in compliance with set industrial standards. The offered camps are made available in various specifications for clients to choose, form. Clients can avail these camps at market leading prices. The offered range is precisely designed by the team of expert engineers and hard-working members of our company.

Figure 7: Prefabricated Labour Camps Features Of Prefabricated Labour Camps:

•

The government of India is determined in its effort to build permanent pucca houses for all citizens. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAG) is an initiative of the Government of ndia which aims at providing affordable housing with some of the basic amenities to the rural poor by the year 2022. The scheme was first launched on 1 June 2015. Using off-site modular construction methods can be an economic and sustainable way to provide housing under this scheme.

•

Since the rural areas are often devastated by extreme climatic conditions, like floods, cyclones rendering the population homeless, using modular methods can result in a faster construction process resulting in strong structures which can last generations.

•

In the villages, there is a dearth of skilled labourers, engineers, architects etc. This leads to unplanned buildings which often do not meet the design goals. Prefabricated factory made modules can improve the quality and design.

ADITYA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Guiding Principles and Construction: With the most insecure of materials, the structure was mostly completed by inexperienced volunteers and ashram members. Almost every fitting, on the other hand, is pre-fabricated. The construction of the structure began in October of 1938. It took nearly a decade to finish. It was designed by Antonin Raymond, a French architect. Although Raymond had planned for a six-month construction schedule, this did not take into consideration Sri Aurobindo's intention to shield the peaceful ashram setting from the noise of commercial development. This is one of the main reasons why the construction of a pre-fabricated structure takes almost a decade. The building's impeccably kept materials include a reinforced concrete basic structure, bowed concrete shell roof, and polished Cuddapah (a native slate) floor. Precast curved tiles cover the top of the modular RCC shell roof, which features a ventilated air space over the deck. Each room is exactly the same size, measuring 4mX5.5mX3.5m h. The teak wood sliding doors that separate these rooms from the corridors are designed to enable air to move through while maintaining privacy. The precast concrete panels that divide the rooms are used as dividers. The north and south facades are also beamed with precast, operable concrete louvres that ensure consistent air circulation.

Here we will look at an example of a modular building which exists in rural settings.

The stairwells were also cast off-site and installed while the building was being built.

GOLCONDE, PONDICHERRY, TAMIL NADU

Inference: Modular building is associated with a high level of industrial involvement and infrastructure investment. The Golconda, on the other hand, shows that this is not the case. It was constructed in an environment that was practically hostile to prefabricated construction, especially in 1938. This structure paves the way for prefabricated/modular architecture in rural and suburban regions.

Introduction: The Aurobindo Ashram in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, built Golconde as a residential dormitory. This is the country's first attempt at modular building. It was one of the most advanced buildings of its day, in terms of construction methods and techniques, and it was constructed in one of the country's most remote locations. Golconde is an ideal case study for examining the possibilities and risks of prefabricated buildings in a suburban/rural setting. It may provide insight into how modular design might be made viable in non-industrialized locations, particularly villages.

* Strong construction * Durability and High strength * Non corrosive

FINDINGS/ ANALYSIS & INFERENCE Looking at these examples and analysis, we can say that both the urban and rural areas of India require modular construction by virtue of its economic, sustainable, advanced construction techniques. By implementing modularity amidst the already existing construction methodology, all sections of the people across this country can be benefitted. CONCLUSION

* Minimal maintenance

Modular architecture has its positive and negative effects. While the positive aspects have been discussed at length, the negative effects, especially its effect on the economy cannot be neglected. The government needs to take baby steps in allowing implementation of this modern building technology, regulating foreign investments, and supplementing the job losses in some way or the other. Once these issues are duly dealt with, modular, more specifically prefabricated construction has the power to usher in a new era in the Indian housing and construction space.

* Application-specific design * All weather proof * Scratch resistant Conclusion: Prefabricated housings are an economic and sustainable way to provide living space for migrant workers or the urban poor. They can be easily dismantled and shifted and is a viable choice for temporary as well as permanent housing.

Figure 8: Outer façade of Golconde, Tamil Nadu

REFERENCES: 1.

ALEXANDER, Christopher. 1959. Perception and Modular Co-ordination.Pp. 425-429 in Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects 66.

have talked about the general pros and cons of Modular construction, we look at its positive effect exclusively on an el.

ved air quality: Because the modular structure is built in a factory-controlled environment with dry materials, there is no significant amounts of moisture being trapped in the new structure.

Prefabrication and Modularization: Increasing Productivity in the Construction Industry, National institute of Standards and Technology, Smart Market Report.

S. Alonso-Zandari and Arman Hashemi,”Prefabrication In The UK Housing Construction Industry,” in 5th International Conference on Zero Energy Mass Customised Housing - ZEMCH 2016, 20th - 23rd December 2016, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 347-360, 2016.

n solve the problem of air pollution to a large extent that metropolitan cities like Delhi grapple with on a daily basis.

g construction is a major source of air pollution.

to the urban poor: Not everyone in urban India can afford to build a house especially migrant workers who come to big ooking for work. Hence we see an increase in people making the streets their home. The government, too under its housing scheme has taken measures to ensure basic housing for everyone. Modular architecture in its sustainable and mic way can be the perfect solution.

d labour and management: Modular construction being a technologically advanced form of building construction will e engineers, labourers etc. skilled in this form of construction. There are higher chances of finding such people in the area.

E. M. Generalovaa, V.P. Generalova and A. A. Kuzbetsovaa, Modular Buildings in Modern Construction,” In Procedia Engineering, vol. 153, pp. 167 172, 2016.

https://www.masterbuilder.co.in/architectural-designing-modularbuildings-modular-houses-part/

https://aceupdate.com/2018/03/06/prefabrication-the-future-ofconstruction-in-india/

https://www.routledge.com/The-Future-of-Modular-Architecture/Wallance/p/book/9780367467227

Figure 9: Interior and exterior facades showcasing modularity

asing housing cost: Owning a house is a distant dream of many owing to the soaring real estate prices in cities and even er towns. The economic the method of modular architecture will not only be successful in providing more houses at a cost, it will bring down the real estate prices too.

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1. RESEARCH PAPER ³(GXFDWLRQ LV WKH SDVVSRUW WR WKH IXWXUH IRU WRPRUURZ EHORQJV WR WKRVH ZKR SUHSDUH IRU LW WRGD\ ´ -Malcolm X

SUBJECT: MODULARITY IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING YEAR: 2021 LOCATION: Mumbai, Maharashtra

PAPER NAME: Back To School (How Architects Can Help Redesign Schools to Fit the Post Pandemic Times) As Covid hit the entire country, educational institutions closed down. Now that the pandemic is finally slowing down, its time for the new normal, even for the students. The subject was how to design a solution that could potentially reduce the spread of Covid infections in children yet allowing them to live their childhood days unhindered. The solution should enable schools to reopen safely considering the next potential covid wave might hit the country in the near future.

INTRODUCTION

Somewhere in the middle of March 2020, as India along with the rest of the world woke up to the actual horrors of SARS-CoV-2 (or as it is more commonly known as COVID 19 virus), with pictures from the city of Wuhan in China flooding news and social media, there was a rising panic among parents about the safety of their schoo going children. With crowded places and gatherings being identified as responsible for mass transmission of the infection, schools were definitely vulnerable spots whic can result in a massive outbreak anytime. As more and more cases started being reported in India, with many whose immediate family members were children enrolled in schools across the country, parents stopped sending their wards to school out of fear of the virus whose true devastating potentials were only being were just coming to light. There were more and more demands from parents across the country to shut down schools for an interim period till the situation is under control. Ultimately with rising infection rates globally, schools across India had to relent to the growing dissent and order for the closing of educational institutions. Thi brought a sigh of relief amongst the parent community and a sense of joy at this sudden holiday amongst their children. But that joy was short-lived as those ten day holiday turned out to be a complete shutdown of schools and other educational institutions, that more than one year down the line has not seen any scope of reopening.

Sure, as cases started decreasing some states ordered for the reopening of schools on a trial basis. Several preventive measures were adapted for a safe environment but the results proved otherwise. In March 2021, 300 school students tested positive for Covid-19 in two districts of Maharashtra, 229 of these in a single hostel at Washim. In Telangana, around 100 students across seven schools tested positive over two days during this month. In Haryana, 54 students of a Karnal school were diagnosed with Covid-19, also during this time. Many schools across India have emerged as Covid-19 clusters since they reopened after the shutdown, with a simila trend reported from colleges too. Altogether, at least 1,000 Covid cases have been detected among schools and colleges in seven states. While school growing childre have been largely found to suffer from mild forms of infection, but research shows they are no less infectious than people of any other age group and can easily sprea the virus endangering others more vulnerable to COVID. As of July 8, more than 4 million children had been diagnosed with Covid-19, representing 14.2 percent of all cases, according to the American Academy of Paediatrics. More than 31,000 new cases were reported in the week of June 24 to July 8, the association reported. At least 335 children, ages 17 and younger, have died from Covid-19, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, although serious complications in kids remain extremely rare. But increasing cases among children, including severe ones, are expected as the delta variant spreads and with no Covid vaccine authorized for children under the age of 12. This means that if things go as,

STAKEHOLDERS Before trying to search for a solution it’s important to take a look at the stakeholders involved, their age group, social standings and vulnerability to the COVID virus. LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS STAKEHOLDERS

STUDENTS FOR STUDENTS

SHRESTHA BHADRA VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIQUE ID: SFS-11001

AGE

INCOME GROUP

ELIGIBILITY TO VACCINES

VULNERABIL TO COVID

STUDENTS

3-18 yrs

Upper income Middle income Lower income

Mild to moderate

TEACHERS

23-60 yrs

Upper income Middle income

YES

Mild, moderate t extreme

ADMINISRATORS

23-65 yrs

Upper income Middle income

YES

Mild, moderate t extreme

STAFF MEMBERS

18-60 yrs

Lower income

YES

Mild, moderate t extreme

SCHOOLS IN INDIA

India is a country with varying economic backgrounds. With changing topography, as one moves from the metropolitan to the small towns to the rural parts of the country, the access to technology and infrastructure decreases and with this increases the disparity among the student community and other stakeholders involved. The problems too varies accordingly. Eg. while traffic congestions is a problem to be considered in the city, lack of technologies is a headache for rural India. As pointed above, research has already showed that access to electricity, internet, network varies across the country as does the economic ability of both the students and the schools that they go to. Needless to say, this means that the solution to the problem at hand should be different for the schools depending on their location (rural or city) and the economic background of the students who study in these schools. Based on this observation, it is better for research purposes to divide and subdivide the schools according to their settings and economic viability.

Back To School (How Architects Can Help Redesign Schools to Fit the Post Pandemic Times) Shrestha Bhadra, Undergraduate Student, B.Arch. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, they are at present, chances of children returning to school remains bleak at least for the near future with no guarantee as to when the situation will improve enough for students to safely return back to their centres of education. WHY OFFLINE EDUCATION IS IMPORTANT While online learning has emerged as the new reality of most school going students, it is ultimately not the ideal choice. Many educationists and researchers are advocating for remote learning as the new normal post COVID and it sure has its advantages. But right now, there are more cons than there are pros starting with the fact that the Indian Education system is not ready for Remote learning and online classes yet. The major challenge of remote learning is disparity in access – from electricity and internet connections to devices like computer or smartphones. Access to electricity is crucial for digital education, both for powering devices as well as for connecting to the internet.

x While the government’s Saubhagya scheme to provide electricity to

households shows that almost 99.9% of homes India have a power connection, the picture is less luminous if we look at the quality of electricity and the number of hours for which it is available every day.

x Mission Antyodaya, a nationwide survey of villages conducted by the Ministry

of Rural Development in 2017-’18, showed that 16% of India’s households received one to eight hours of electricity daily, 33% received 9-12 hours, and only 47% received more than 12 hours a day.

x While a computer would be preferable for online classes, a smartphone could

also serve the purpose. However, the phone might be convenient for apps, but not for carrying out lengthy assignments or research. While 24% Indians own a smartphone, only 11% of households possess any type of computer, which could include desktop computers, laptops, notebooks, netbooks, palmtops or tablets. Even the penetration of digital technologies in India has been haphazard and exclusionary.

x According to the 2017-’18 National Sample Survey report on education, only

24% of Indian households have an internet facility. While 66% of India’s population lives in villages, only a little over 15% of rural households have access to internet services. For urban households, the proportion is 42%. In fact, only 8% of all households with members aged between five and 24 have both a computer and an internet connection. It is also useful to note that as per the National Sample Survey definition, a household with a device or internet facility does not necessarily imply that the connection and devices are owned by the household

x The digital divide is evident across class, gender, region or place of residence. Among the poorest 20% households, only 2.7% have access to a

LITY D

computer and 8.9% to internet facilities. In case of the top 20% households, the proportions are 27.6% and 50.5%.

whose families have lost income as a result of a lockdown-related job loss, will not be able to afford this.

x The difference is apparent across states too. For example, the proportion of households with access to a computer varies from 4.6% in Bihar to 23.5% in Kerala and 35% in Delhi. The difference is starker in case of internet access. In states like Delhi, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Uttarakhand, more than 40% households have access to internet. The proportion is less than 20% for Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.

The Government too have not stepped up to the challenges of online education. Despite initiatives from the Central and state governments, there has not been enough expenditure on improving the digital infrastructure for remote learning. In fact, in 2020-’21, the Ministry of Human Resource Development budget for digital e-learning was reduced to Rs 469 crore from Rs 604 crore in 2019-’20.

x Apart from access, digital education also requires regular and predictable internet connectivity. A report from Quacquarelli Symonds on usage of internet in India reveals that both the state and the private players have not yet accomplished assured connectivity to all subscribers. The survey shows that among respondents who use home broadband, over 3% face cable cuts, 53% face poor connectivity and 32% face signal issues. In case of mobile data, 40.2% face poor connectivity and 56.6% face signal issues. Sometimes, the lack of connectivity is not a technical glitch. In Jammu and Kashmir, for instance, students could not access online classes because a government order restricted network connectivity to 2G instead of 4G. Even if the basic infrastructure was in place, a whole set of additional gaps are evident. For one, the lack of discipline when it comes to online learning is a huge barrier. Dearth of physical interaction among students and teachers are resulting in a communication gap which is causing hindrance in their ability to learn with teachers not being able to understand whether the students are able to grasp the essence of the education being provided to them. There are challenges for teachers too. Not only are many of them digitally inept, a large number of teachers have never used an online environment to teach. Teaching a course online course ideally requires preparation, such as designing a lesson plan and preparing teaching materials such as audio and video contents. This has posed new challenges for many teachers. Learning demands a conducive environment for study. However, not all students have a quiet space for learning at home. While 37% of households in India have one dwelling room, it would be a luxury for many to attend lectures in an undisturbed environment.

Lastly there has been widespread research and much discussion as to how the sudden change from offline to online education has affected the mental health of the children, how a peerless environment and lack of teachers’ guiding hands have pushed them to a state of uncertainty, grief and fear which can have long lasting effects on their mental health. More than 330 million youngsters have been stuck at home, till March 2021, for more than a year, since the virus spread uncontrollably this time last year. It is the prolonged, restrictive, and widespread nature of the COVID-19 pandemic that has exacerbated the situation. Increased screen time, strained family relations or sedentary lifestyle at home pose additional challenges.

Not to mention the increase in school dropout numbers across the rural and poorer parts of the country. All this points to the fact that school needs to physically open as soon as possible as students are suffering from the lack of an on campus presence. But the onus lies on the school authorities, the government- both state and central, educationists and designers and architects who must come together to provide a scientific solution for the safe comeback of students to their school. India as a developing nation doesn’t have the budget to drastically construct new schools nor does the overpopulation of this country afford it the chance for more land spaces for newer constructions which will make physical distancing possible. This implies that redesigning is the only way moving forward- changes must be implemented within the already present infrastructure and it should be implemented fast.

Having online classes on a regular basis has a cost implication too, as students have to bear the cost of internet services. There is no communication yet from governments on whether it is going to reimburse students or will provide free or subsidised data packs. In the current situation, many students, especially those

drinking water or toilets. In some schools, students of different ages are made to sit in one room. The classrooms being cramped and poorly ventilated means they can

SCHOOLS IN RURAL AND SMALL TOWN INDIA

RURAL/ SMALL TOWN INDIA x x x x x x x

Lack of electricity Lack of proper internet facility Lack of access to technology Low education level Lack of infrastructure Poor economic background Lack of medical facility

x Less congestion x More open space x Less pollution and pure air

x Less open space x Pollution

India has a rural population of almost 900 million people. But the lack of basic technology and infrastructure has always been a primary source of worry. Add to that the fact that a large part of the population residing there are illiterate and dwells largely below poverty level. At no other time has been the disparity and social gap been more evident that during this time of pandemic. School dropout rates are at an all time high with most of the dropout students being a part of these undeveloped parts of the country, their family members no longer being able to afford the children’s education or needing an extra earning member during this time of plight, resulting a lot of these children leaving school and looking for jobs to help their family. While the true numbers can only be estimated once school begins offline early reports are already drawing a grim picture. x

PRIVATE SCHOOLS x Better economic background

x High education level x Better infrastructure x Access to advanced technology

be major sources of transmission. OPEN AIR SCHOOLS

CITIES x Proper electricity x Proper Internet facility x More technologically advanced x More medical facility x More congested x Better infrastructure

Also, the Indian education system being largely reliant on examinations as a criterion to judge the children’s learning ability can’t be expected to undergo a major transformation and drastically change the very core on which its education policy stands. Steps are being taken to introduce a system which is more scientific and not overtly reliant on exams but it will take a long time for actual implementation.

GOVERNMENT SCHOOL x Middle to low

income economic background

x Moderate education level

x Moderate

Some 23.8 million additional children and youth (from pre-primary to tertiary) may drop out or not have access to school this year due to the pandemic's economic impact alone. Ten million girls in India could drop out of secondary school due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a Right to Education Forum policy brief. With 1.6 million girls aged 11 to 14 years currently out of school, the pandemic could disproportionately impact girls further by putting them at risk of early marriage, early pregnancy, poverty, trafficking and violence. Even for those children in the rural parts who can still afford to attend online classes the incessant power cuts and the less than satisfactory internet connection have become a barrier to their education. There have been many articles and stories regarding children walking miles everyday in search of a place where they can get proper connection. Also, a lot of these children come from uneducated or less educated families and are often first-generation learners. The lack of guidance at home have left these children having to fend for themselves. A large part of the school going children of these areas rely on their school to provide them meals under the midday meal policy. All these only proves that if there is one section of the children who have been harmed most by the closure of schools then it is the children of rural India and it is important to reopen schools in these parts more than others.

infrastructure

Rural schools are mostly overly packed with students. Classrooms in most primary

x Less access to technology

schools in rural areas are typically uninviting, with leaking roofs, uneven floors and scraggly mats to sit on. Added to that, most of the schools do not have electricity,

While infrastructure has always been a headache, there has never been a dearth of open space in rural schools. These schools often have large courtyards or are surrounded by green lands all around. So, in this case the best solution is to bring the classroom outside the class. One approach is to extend learning outside the classrooms into the landscape by providing alternative space free from the constraints of current standards. Cue can be taken from Jan Duiker’s 1927 Open Air School built in Amsterdam to help physically weak children gain strength with the help of sun and fresh air. These classrooms could be orientated to the south for solar gain, and make some concession to comfort with a simple glazed façade and canopy. As well as having the benefit of getting the children out into the landscape, such low-cost spaces will free up more room within schools. x

PATHA BHAVAN, a true model of open-air learning

Classes being taken under trees in Patha Bhavan, Shantiniketan

Closer home, Shantiniketan in West Bengal- Rabindranath Tagore’s abode of learning too has followed a similar system of open-air learning since ages. Patha Bhavan- right in the heart of the Visva Bharati University campus was founded by Tagore who wanted the learning process to break free of "narrow domestic walls" The teachers were to sit on raised block of stone or pillars and the students around in half circle on cement blocks. The area was vast with tall trees of many varieties.

As such there were many such areas under the sky surrounded by big trees for shadow. The students were shaded from the scorching heat by large shady trees. The central premise was that learning in a natural environment will be more joyous and fruitful. Patha Bhavan in turn was inspired by the ancient vedic Gurukul system where Gurus as professors were called used to sit under the shade of trees and impart knowledge to their shishyas (students) who sat in the open air surrounding the guru.

But just starting open air classrooms are not enough. In such environments, children

The various noteworthy alumni of Patha Bhavan, including Noble Laureate economist Dr. Amartya Sen would testify to the fact that the open environment brought a sense of freedom in the minds of the young scholars who were no longer constricted within the narrow walls of the classroom and could let their minds wander in limitless ways.

Staggered timings are also important. It is viable to divide the students into morning and afternoon sessions to avoid crowding and promote social distancing. Also half of the students can attend on odd days with the other half attending on even days of the week with Sunday as holiday.

Recently Tripura Government started open air classes amid the pandemic, especially for children who could not afford online classes. Over one lakh students across the smallest states in north-eastern India participated in open air class rooms from Thursday, officials said. A total 27,000 teachers serving at 4,400 government schools attended these open-air schools. The Education Department started the ‘neighbourhood classes’ with 1:5 teacher-student ratio for all students especially those who can’t afford or access online studies.

need to be strictly monitored to ensure that they are not coming in physical contact with each other, maintaining proper social distancing and have their masks on at all times. For these, the government should look to hire more teachers to lower the student teacher ratio as not only will it elevate the education level but will also ensure better monitoring.

It is important to recognise the students who are suffering from comorbidity and are at greater risk so that they can be separated from the rest of the students and can either attend classes in a separate section of the school under strict monitoring or they can attend live classes from home via video conferencing. While a large number of students can attend open air classrooms, for those students who are sitting inside arrangements are to be made to ensure that they are not sitting together or crowding any space. Built in individual furniture can come to the rescue in such cases. Fixing desks and chairs to the ground at proper distances keeping a large gap between each unit will ensure that students can’t move the furniture around and will force them to maintain distance. Apart from that, glass screens should be installed in front of desks. Researchers were surprised to find that glass droplet screens placed in front of desks significantly reduced the transmission of 1-micron particles from one student to another, according to Khaled Talaat a researcher from University of Mexico. "Screens don't stop 1-micron particles directly, but they affect the local air flow field near the source, which changes the particle trajectories," he said. It is also important to ensure that windows and doors are kept open during all times of the day. If possible, provisions should be made for more ventilations within the classrooms through openings. They discovered opening windows increases the fraction of particles that exit the system by nearly 40%, while also reducing aerosol transmission between people within. "Nearly 70% of exhaled 1-micron particles exit the system when windows are open," said Talaat. Although these changes are only within the classroom, there is more to school than classrooms alone. Any kind of assemblies or mass gatherings should be put on hold till the distant future. For physical education classes, students should be made to stand within specifically painted circles. These physical education activities should be limited to exercises which do not promote physical contact with each other of any kind. Sports specially team sports like football should not be encouraged.

Classes under shade of trees, reminding one of education in Viswa Bharati University at Shantiniketan in West Bengal, started in Tripura from August, 2020.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

It is important to make sure that students upon entering the school enter directly their classes and only leave it for washroom breaks or at the end of the day. To avoid confusion among students belonging to different standards and unnecessary crowding during the commencement of class hours, it is better to start and end the

. • Barriers are appropriate in a variety of settings, including public areas, retail settings and spaces where it is difficult to maintain 6 feet of separation between individuals like classrooms

school at different times for different classes. The timings in the table below will provide a better understanding.

STANDARD

SCHOOL COMMENCEMENT TIME

SCHOOL ENDING TIME

Class 1-2

7 AM-7:10 AM

12 PM-12:10 PM

Class 3-4

7:10 AM-7:20 AM

12:10 PM-12:20 PM

Class 5-6

7:20 AM-7:30 AM

12:20 PM-12:30 PM

Class 7-8

7:30 AM-7:40 AM

12:30 PM-12:40 PM

Class 9-10

7:40 AM-7:50 AM

12:40 PM-12:50 PM

This will make sure that people of different standards do not need to unnecessarily interact with each other. Also, for better wayfinding, there should be graphical representations right from the entrance gate till the classroom. Moreover, during the time of student entry, all other entrances or exit passages should be closed so that there is a unique passage from the gate till the classroom. The same model should be followed during the school ending time. During recess, the students should not be allowed outside apart from washroom and should eat home cooked food within the confines of the classroom. Teachers should be vigilant gatekeepers during this time. As for students who are dependent on midday meals for their lunch, they should be provided with monthly rations like rice, lentils, vegetables etc. so that they do not go unfed.

PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN INDIAN CITIES Crowding has always been an issue in private schools where they enrol students more than they have infrastructure for. During pre-pandemic times more than 40 people have been often found to sit in small classrooms. But researchers have warned that more than 20 students should not be allowed in an average sized classroom. Accordingly, changes should be made with the timings. The schools should make arrangement to divide classes in alternate days and subdivide these classes into morning and afternoon shifts. Staggered timings of lunch breaks and making sure that the younger children do not leave the class during breaks under the strict supervision of the teachers responsible. Timings of commencement and ending of different classes should be separate too like in the rural environment. This should minimise interaction among students. Authorities should ensure that no parking is allowed within 500 Mt of school premises with parents requiring to drop their children at least a block away from the school. Only exceptions should be made in case of younger children or those who require assistance. Also, government bodies can ensure that they keep the road in front of the school as devoid of traffic as possible during school commencement and ending hours redirecting the flow of traffic through another lane or road during these particular times of the day. Heavy traffic during school hours in these neighbourhoods often causes much crowding which should be avoided at all costs. Teachers driving in should be provided with separate badges or stickers so that they be made an exception. Temperature of all those coming inside should be checked at the entrance. Separate stations should be installed where both sanitization and temperature checks can happen.

Mandatory hand sanitisers should be installed in each classroom and the teachers should encourage students to sanitise their hands once they enter the classroom then head for their benches. Also, it should be up to them to not allow more than one student to leave the classroom at a time for washroom or otherwise. Once the students return, they should first sanitise their hands then allow to join the class. Where hygiene is concerned, the washrooms should be cleaned at one- or twohours interval. The staff stationed near the washroom should make sure that once a washroom is filled to its capacity, no one else can enter it. Hand sanitisers and soaps and ample water are a mandatory requirement during this time. The school gate should be strong guarded or kept locked at all times so that no one else except the students can enter the school premises. High, unmountable walls should surround the school premise with separate entry and exit gates if possible.

Once inside the school, use of integrated graphics and wayfinding, such as patterned window films and clear door numbering, to create easily navigable environments that optimize social distancing. While post-secondary facilities should be logical and well-connected, integrated graphics and wayfinding can enhance architectural solutions, making the movement of people more efficient. For example, clear wayfinding in high traffic areas, such as hallways and entryways, helps occupants navigate through spaces, reducing overcrowding.

Arrangements of microphone should be made in each classroom so that the teacher can address everyone without having to move around the classrooms.

Air purifiers should be installed in classrooms and hallways to ensure fresh air passage. Most air cleaners fall into two basic categories: filters or sanitizers. Some combine both types in the same unit.

• Barriers can provide a level of protection from surface contamination in the personal workspace. • Use of barriers are consistent with recommendations from CDC as a component of exposure controls. • Barriers may cause minimal disruption to work and business practices in many workplaces. • Barriers can serve as a component of a long-term strategy to reduce risk for other viruses that spread by similar modes of transmission (e.g., influenza). • Plexiglass barriers are nonporous and may be disinfected. • Barriers can provide a sense of safety assurance for both students and teachers.

PIXIGLASS- Plexiglass, has been used as a tool to provide a physical barrier between people and to help capture respiratory droplets when individuals are in close contact. Plexiglass (acrylic sheet) is a common name for poly (methyl methacrylate) or PMMA and is a transparent thermoplastic often used as an alternative to glass. PMMA is an alternative to polycarbonate, but does not offer as much strength, ultraviolet light tolerance, ability to polish, heat or chemical resistance.

BENEFITS OF PLEXIGLASS BARRIERS • Barriers can block respiratory droplets produced by a person who is in close contact with the barrier. • Barriers can provide a physical separation between people to support social and physical distancing efforts

For flooring, carpets should be ditched as they have been found to carry COVID and are not easy to disinfect. Instead, bare floors should be sanitised regularly. But mopping is not a solution for disinfecting floors as mops become soiled and contaminated as soon as they are applied to the floor. If the floor is contaminated, the pathogens can collect on the mop, in the mop water, and then spread on the floor. This is based on studies that have focused on looking for ways to prevent healthcare-acquired infections. Not only that, as the mop is used, the soils and contaminants collected on the mop and in mop water reduce the efficacy of the disinfectant. As alternatives, for exceptionally large surface areas, automatic scrubbers can be used. As discussed earlier, the floor must be cleaned first with the “auto scrubber” and then disinfected. Then a Health Canada or N-List disinfectant can be pre-sprayed on the floor. Allow for proper dwell time as dictated on the disinfectant label. For most other floors, no-touch cleaning or “dispense and vac” cleaning systems can be used. At least one manufacturer has developed an N-List disinfectant engineered specifically for these systems, which is both a cleaner and a disinfectant. This eliminates the second step necessary with an auto scrubber, which is a time and cost savings

Filters are designed to improve indoor air quality by physically removing tiny particles of matter that can be floating around — such as dust, pollen and pet dander. These are all things that occur naturally, but can aggravate peoples’ allergies if they inhale them. The most common type of filters right now is HEPA filters.

Often private schools in cities are high-rise buildings, the upper floor accessible through elevators. In such cases stairs can be replaced by escalators in the upper floors. If that is not cost effective then only the classrooms at upper floors should be allowed to use the escalators. A liftman should be stationed in these elevators who will ensure that only a predetermined number of students can take the elevator at a time. They are the only one who should handle the elevator switchboards to avoid contamination. Lifts should be sprayed at regular interval with disinfectants.

Sanitizers are designed to kill bacteria, viruses, mold or fungal spores that can also be floating around. These things occur naturally, too, but they can make you sick if you’re exposed to high enough concentrations of them. The most common type of sanitizers right now are UV light devices. The coronavirus is at the lower end of a HEPA filter’s range, so it might not be 100% effective on a single pass. But if a HEPA system is run over a period of time, it can take out a big chunk of viruses — somewhere in the high ninetieth percentile (99.94 to 99.97%). And long enough exposure to the UV light in an air purifying device can disable some viruses, including COVID-19. Staircases should be rebuilt to make them wider. If it is possible more staircases should be built into the building. Fire exit staircases mounted to the outside of the buildings are the best solutions in this case as they are open to the air, can be easily incorporated in an already constructed building and are separate from the main areas of the building. Also keeping every other entry and exit point closed during the start or ending of an entire class apart from those required will ensure that there is a one-way flow of traffic from the classroom to the main gates.

Sport activities must be kept to the minimum required with attention on individual sports than team sports. Team sports should only be played under strict vigilance of authorities and sanitization should be mandatory at all points. Cafeteria if opened should only accept takeaway orders which students can eat within the safety of their classrooms. Proper checks should be made each week to maintain hygiene of the kitchens. For laboratories, their timing should be distributed throughout the day to not allow more than the prerequisite amount of student. Each student should be assigned a separate station for experiments. Students should be encouraged to carry basic equipments like lab coats, test tubes, their holders, beakers individually to ensure minimum sharing. The other equipment provided by the school should be regularly sanitised. In labs where air

as possible. It is also imperative that a classroom have more than one point of entry or exit. Having multiple doors will ensure that students sitting at different parts of the classroom have access to the outside from the door that is nearest to them so that they do not need to roam around the class in order to do so. Built-in furniture in classrooms, cafeterias, office receptions, and hallways should be designed to discourage gathering in close proximity. For example, while one long bench is excellent for corralling large groups of students, we should now create multiple, shorter benches that can hold the same number of students at an appropriate distance apart.

Handwashing stations or hand sanitiser stands should be placed at all entrances and exits and students should be coerced to sanitise their hands at each point before entering or exiting classroom. Sanitation is extremely important part of scientific labs and have been practiced since ages. It is now time to introduce such sanitary measures in regular classrooms too.

Classrooms should be reconfigured with a different arrangement of benches to promote the required amount of social distancing. A square classroom has been found to be the ideal shape to reconfigure the layouts as and when required as opposed to other long and narrow shapes. If required walls between classes should be broken down and classrooms should be merged to make way for a bigger space holding lesser students. Flexible wall dividers can be used to reconfigure classrooms that do not have an ideal shape. Dividers can be opened to double the size of a classroom, or closed to create multiple smaller classrooms. Recessed floor outlets ensure that the layout of furniture and equipment are not constrained by access to wall outlets.

Also, nowadays sensor and technologies have seen much advancement. Schools can take advantage of these technologies and incorporate sensor and touchless technologies to prevent the spread of germs through contact with switches on doors, lighting, and Audio-Visual equipment.

Moreover, schools can provide a laptop assigned to each desk so that students do not need to carry any books with them. Learning can be carried on in these laptops and student can save their lessons and homework in individual cloud storages which they can access from their home PC or laptop. The entire school library should be digitalized and introduced in the form of e-library incorporated which students can access from these laptops so that they do not have to visit the library physically. Once the school hours are over, they can hand over the laptop to the teachers so that they can be sanitised and ready to use for the next batch of students. For interior spaces, specify interior systems that prevent the build-up of moisture and germs. Seamlessly connected interior finishes such as stainless steel, sealed floors, and integrated coves with built-in drains prevent bacteria from collecting and can be easily washed without water seeping into cracks.

It is also time for such schools to ditch the traditional blackboards and chalks and introduce smart classes. Not only are they more interactive, they will ensure minimum contact.

Built-in drains

A lot of private schools are centrally air conditioned nowadays. But this technology should be ditched and doors and windows should be kept open at all points. If possible bigger windows should be constructed to let in natural ventilation as much

conditioning is necessary, temperature of each student should be checked before allowing entry. The teachers should have individual cubicles built around their staff room spaces. Their timing should be such that the staff room is always half filled than their current capacity. As for the helping staffs, they should mandatorily wear PPE kits. It should be the responsibility of the school to test the teachers, administrators and helping stuff for COVID-19 virus periodically. A tie-up with a nearby hospital or pathological lab would be of much help as that would ensure regular check ups and testing. Students too should submit their test results once a month with the frequency of submission of these results decreasing as the pandemic rate declines in the future. Gathering of students or teachers at corridors and constricted spaces should be strictly discouraged. Regular seminars should be undertaken to build consciousness against the virus for students and others. Posters and graphics on school walls can be a visual reminder of the importance of maintaining social distancing and sanitization. Visitors should be strictly prohibited within the school compound within school hours and should only be allowed with prior appointments scheduled in a way that there are no clashes.

REDESIGNING THE PLAYGROUND AS CLASSROOMS PLAYDAZE- A CONCEPT

REFERENCES

Soup International team members Tatiana Garcia Bacca, Beth Hooper, Himani Harikrishna Ravuri, Ed Chelsea Rimando and Aysha Farhana contributed to the challenge of bringing students back to school by a concept they christened PlayDaze. By focusing on the playground as an extension of the classroom. PlayDaze proposes weaving together multiple play areas into a labyrinth of corridors, tunnels, bridges and open classrooms.

Gow Hastings Architects 2020͕ Designing for Higher Education in a Pandemic World, viewed 15th July, 2021, <Designing for Higher Education in a Pandemic World (canadianarchitect.com)> FRAME 2020, Post-pandemic schooling: Seeing the playground as an extention of the classroom, viewed 20th July 2021, < https://frameweb.com/article/soupinternational-the-challenge-f137>

They looked at New York City’s Cypress Hill Playgrounds from the 1960s, which were designed by Charles Forberg. Here, seven-foot-tall vertical concrete slabs were placed in a circle, which encouraged running and hiding while providing shade and shelter at the same time. Another inspiration came from the work of Dutch architect Aldo van Eyck, who conceived a playground on the Zeedijk in Amsterdam in collaboration with his brother-in-law and visual artist Joost van Roojen. Screened off by a low wall, the geometrically organized grounds featured a circular sandpit, climbing frames and posts to play leapfrog. The designers asked themselves how their playful approaches to architecture, layout and routing could be adapted to fit today’s distancing measures. They thought of how the simple architectural shapes used could be reinterpreted into easy-to-clean surfaces and how the space between walls could be utilized for play and discovery. The playgrounds become the entrance to the classrooms in their design. Doors are replaced by windows, which means entering becomes an exploratory experience. Steps and slides give access to the indoors. In addition, the playful, labyrinth-like feel of the outdoor playgrounds also extends inside. es might have on their children’s health, as well as the risk of them bringing the virus back home. That’s why they proposed children become part of their own ‘bubble’ with no more than 15 classmates. But they will interact with other ‘bubbles’ through contactless play, thus developing skills for collaboration, team work and non-verbal communication. Inside, the use of central circulation space is kept to a bare minimum.

Sealed floors

Furnitures should be non-porous so that they do not allow the collecting of bacteria. They should be regularly sanitised before the end and beginning of classes. Desks should come with plexiglass barriers.

ELLIE STATHAK 2020, Architecture seeks designs for a post-pandemic world, viewed 20th July, 2021, < Architecture seeks designs for a post-pandemic world (wallpaper.com)> Pamela Buxton 2020, Rethink: What has COVID-19 taught us about designing schools, RIBA JOURNAL, viewed 16th July, 2021, < Four practitioners give their priorities for school design in the wake of coronavirus | RIBAJ> Shelly Anand, 2020, Post-pandemic schooling, viewed 17th July, 2021, < Postpandemic schooling - India Today Insight News> Protiva Kundu, 2020, Indian education can’t go online – only 8% of homes with young members have computer with net link, viewed 16th July, 2021, < https://scroll.in/article/960939/indian-education-cant-go-online-only-8-of-homes-withschool-children-have-com> All these measures can still prove to not be enough to contain outbreak of the COVID virus but they are baby steps towards providing a safer environment for students to return to their learning spaces.

William Winstanley Pearson, 1916, “Shantiniketan-the Bolpur school of Rabindranath Tagore”, pp 234-236.

PRAEGRESSUS

17. PRAGRESSUS SUBJECT: NASA-ANDC 2020-2021 YEAR: 2020 LOCATION: NAGPUR, MAHARASHTRA

The

pandemic has demonstrated the

interconnected nature of our world and that no one is safe, until everyone is safe. We have arrived at a new juncture of

disease and architecture where fear

contamination

controls what kind of spaces we want to be in.

OUR INTERPRETATION Tier 2 cities play a major

RUDIMENTS- The society has always been evolving, this process need consistent work in different field and spaces. Public mobility spaces are the ones which help people connect to places accross the country specially in India where public transportation transports millions daily. All of this has come to a halt due to the current pandemic. In the current situation, uncontrollable mobility has given rise to an increase in the disaese in crowded spaces, making them the hotspot of transmission. Since crowding is not allowed in public spaces, how can we transform these places was the challenge posed. The objective was to envision post-pandemic reality on mobility spaces while redesigning a basic space like a bus terminusand to identify and analyse various issues faced by all the stakeholders, by developing a safer and healthier environment.

role in the growth of domestic travel by 60% and is the most visited destinations in India. Destination bus terminal in tier 2 towns especially. are more connected to remote areas like teir 3, 4, 5 and 6 as well as tier 1 towns. With various stakeholders losing their jobs and businesses is in loss of revenue there would be a shift in the mode of transport opted in the coming future. Moreover the functioning of the bus terminal or any public mobility spaces are heavily dependant on its stakeholders. Hence solving their issues play a key role in the public

realm.

WHY NAGPUR ?

Location: Nagpur, Maharashtra Area: 33614 sq.m Type: Commercial Building Design Problem: Redesigning a bus terminus post-covid

The

city of Nagpur is strategically located in central India. Nagpur has bagged the award for most liveable city for top health care services ,green cover as well as good public transport. The city operates a railway station and an airport along with the metro rail project. The bus transport system provides the services of travelling within the city as well as travelling from one city to other cities also. GANESHPETH bus terminus is one of the primary bus terminus in Nagpur that caters to a large percentage of population travelling via/from Nagpur to several destinations including tier 1,tier 2 and tier 3 towns.

Ahmedabad

Surat

Bhopal

Ahmedabad

Jabalpur

Indore

Surat

Raipur

Amravati Akola Nashik

Aurangabad

Wardha

Mumbai

Jagdalpur Pune

Latur

Solapur

Vijayapura

Hyderabad Vijayawada

ACCES

THE AFFECTED ONE’S In this new phase, architects will have to improvising the existing services and

undertake a new role,

providing efficient design solution that will keep in mind the possible

future

challenges.

This we must start from our ‘RUDIMENTS’. It is said good basics is the pillar to a strong foundation hence talking about the rudiments in public transport is one of services , the most rudiment form of transport. It’s the basic facility that

bus

connects every tier, town and cities.

Strengthening their roots is important for the public to move and cope up to the new normal.

SITE ANALYSIS

PASSENGERS

TERMINAL STAFFS

DEPOT STAFFS

MISCELLANEOUS

One of the primary issues in the post pandemic world is to keep all services as contact free as possible as it has been found out that a major part of the virus spread is happening through touching contaminated surfaces or coming in contact with infected individual.

Location

– Chopkar Rd, Nagpur Vibhag, Ganeshpeth Colony, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440018 Site Area- 16 acres Soil type-medium to deep clayey, black cotton soil; medium, loamy alluvial soils; shallow sandy, clayey red soils.

The climate of the city, the temperature ranges from 50 F to 113 F. Rainfall generally varies from 1000mm to 1200mm and the wetter seasons lasts 3.5 months from june to september . The winder part of the season lasts for 4.3 months from april to september. Neighbourhood– The area of Ganeshpeth was initially a commercial area but later on it turned to be partly residential. The terminus is located next to the Nag nadi that flows adjacent to the great Nag road. Initially the Nag road was considered as the outer ring road but as the city expanded, it was one of the main road inside the city .

SSIBILITY

Buses / day - 1600

Footfall – 64412

3.2KM

Terminus staff -32 Buses parked before morning operations – 200–300 Hours of loading and unloading:5am–10pm

9KM

Peak hours:7am–8am 4pm–7pm

Nagpur buses –500 Maharashtra buses–1200

WHY REDESIGNING BECAME A NEED Sanitization in public spaces has always been a major issue in our country and with the outbreak of this pandemic, to provide a healthy, sanitary environment has become a major need.The spread of COVID and other pandemics depend on the closeness of others to someone with the disease. Crowds are a normal in bus terminuses and maintaining proper social distancing and avoiding crowds at shops, at the entrance, waiting area, ticket counter, bays remains a cause of concern. Identifying patients carrying the disease within the perimeter of the bus terminus is a major issue.

Post the outbreak of this disease there is an increased reluctance a m o n g passengers to stay in air conditioned or other enclosed spaces since the risk of spread of the virus in such spaces is more than usual. In the aftermath of the pandemic and the subsequent modernization and enclosure of the bus terminus may lead to the already growing inequality between the rich and poor to be more severe. The beggars or hawkers whose daily livelihood depended on the bus terminus are most likely to suffer from this.

1.5KM

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A BRIEF INSIGHT

FLOOR PLANS

The Ganeshpeth Bus Terminus

the purpose of

segragiting different groups of

that will serve the public in

stalkholders and designing for their

post pandemic phase is designed with safety and benifits. The terminal has

contemprary architectural features in its exteriors where as the interiors of the building reflects features of the Maharashtrian Wada with the main element being arches and serve a better accessibility creating a sence of direction and holding on to the rudiments and subsidizing the measure s put forth by the government for creating a healthier environment.

The entrance contains a curved wall which gives a sense of direction,while evoking curiosity within vthe passengers. At one corner, outside of the main terminus building, a separate canteen or recreational

SITE PLANNING

has

been provided for the staff members

which

not accessible to the

LEGENDS

SITE BOUNDARY ENTRANCE AND EXITS SKYLIGHTS

now the hawkers have

OFFICE BLOCK

CAFETERIA & HAWKER BLOCK

the hawkers and the

PASSANGERS WAITING BLOCK

avoided.

been given a separate space

sell

their

goods. At the same time the, contact between can

The Washrooms for the arrival and departure passengers have been separated at the indivisual bays. At

BUS STAFF CANTEEN

FLYOVER

PUBLIC ENTRANCE TO THE SITE

the departure bays, along with washroom there is a dedicated women’s room for feeding purpose .

7 8

MAIN ENTRANCE

The structure basically contains the entrance at one end of the plan that leads to the others functional elements which contains departure block, touch down block and arrival bays.

created crowding. But

CONCOURSE

ROOFING

the sitting area which

passengers.

11 RESTING QUARTERS

at the same space as

passengers

space .

SECONDARY ENTRANCE

ASPHALT

hawkers

Earlier the shops were

CONCRETE

space

The entrances leads to

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

17 PUBLIC EXIT TO THE SITE

21 9

BUS ENTRANCE TO THE SITE

BUS EXIT TO THE SITE

TOUCH DOWN BAY

DESTINATION BAY

ARRIVAL BAY

The bays are pushed to the back so the they are not visible to the passengers from the entrance that guides the passenger circulation from the correct path which in turns helps in the smooth circulation of other elements of the terminus. 10

BUS DEPO

10 11 RAMP

The facility servers a depot with easy functionality and suitable to the circulation of the site also located away from the terminus, to avoid contact with the passangers.

FEADER SERVICES

For Feeder services, a separate space has been provided within the site for these services so as to prevent disturbance at the main entrance as well as to prevent unnecessary traffic.

RAMPM

TO DOW

POSTAL SERVICE

The terminus contains a postal service which can be accessed from both inside and outside the terminus. The postal service also act as a buffer between the arrival bays and the feeder area. Separate entry and exit is provided to all the staff working at the terminus along with the separate canteen, hangout area and the parking area, this ensures that they are completely cut off from the passengers at the terminus.

12 13

PRIVATE PARKING PUBLIC PARKING

The terminal has a separate 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler parking for the passengers. Also private parking is provided for staff.

The entrances and exits are provided in such a way that seamless circulation is acchieved as no crowding takes place.

N FLYOVER

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OUCH WN BAY

SECTIONAL ELEVATION

SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B’

VIEWS

FIRST FLOOR PLAN At the first floor, a cafeteria has been provided which is very much external so that even if the bus terminus is not in function due to any reason, the cafeteria would serve the people accordingly . The touchdown bay is provided on the first

TOUCH DOWN BAY

SOUTH SIDE VIEW

ARRIVAL BAY

floor with sawtooth bays for

the

purpose

maintaining

social

distance. There is a common entry and exit point from the touchdown bays for the passengers to have access to the terminus. But the then same opening have been seperated by adding a

TOP VIEW

RESTING QUARTERS

screen in between , this ensures that the passengers going in different directions will not bump into each other

maintains

social

distancing.

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ARRIVAL BAY

CAFETERIA\FOOD COURT

The

arrival bays

are located in the close

proximity to the exit this is done so that people can head towards the exit as soon as they depart from the bus. Sanitization is provided at the arrival bays . To aviod the loitering of people , screens are been provided. Seating is a lot less as compared to the departure bays to avoid gathering of people. Apart from this the buses at the arrival bays are parked at the reversed direction , this ensures that the passengers have to cover a longer distance towards the exit . This will ensure more space in between the passengers and will avoid formation of queue at the sanitization area.

DESTINATION BAY

HAWKERS LANDING

In the ground floor , the arrival bays and the departure bays have been completely separated , with their separate seating, gathering and boarding area. The departure bays consist of a seating area with ample seating place provided. Seating is in the form of L 00

rectangular module each consisiting of a 2 group seating separated by a single seating on the opposite side . The number of seating is according to the guidelines. Next comes the gathering area. Screens have been placed here for way finding and loitering of the passengers. Following this, is the boarding area where separate boarding spaces have been provided exclusive for the people, waiting to board the bus .

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PROMINANT SPACES

Cafeteria

is located on the first floor with two

approaches, one from outside the terminus so that people from outside can access and other from the terminus which is accessible to the passengers. The seatings have been designed as curvilinear modules consisting of group seatings at one side and single seatings between the two group seatings that is located on the other side. This single seating works as the partition between the group seating. Apart from this there are 4 seater tables , partition exist between each table. However unlike normal restaurants where seating is arranged along the aisls, here seating is arranged in a rectangular ways to the

The accomodation for drivers and conductor were previously

periphery keeping enough space in the centre to avoid

space

constraint

and

maintain

in dormitories. Now, provision for accomodation has been made

social

distancing. Also wide staircases have been provided to the cafeteria to avoid crowding.

There are chances of

from scrapped buses, located at the corner of depot.

overcrowding in front of the ticket counters .

The

ceiling and column

To avoid this, floorings have been provided with sensors , these sensors

Each room consist of 3 beds with 3 individual wash areas . This

have been designed in an

will get activated when two people will unknowingly come in close

exposed

can also be termed as an economic way of providing separate

contact with each other. Sensors will give signal to maintain social

beams

columns pattern

and

individual accomodation.

taking

distancing through illumination.

inspiration from the local

To avoid this, the lines have been detoured in a zigzag pattern with the

Maharashtrian Wada’s. The

help of appropriate flooring, so that passengers are forced to maintain

structures are made up of

distance. This zigzag pattern ensures that territoriality is created and

RCC , though it has been given

that all maintain their position and distance .

the look and feel of the wada’s .

To u c h down bay is provid ed at a dedicated

The

u p p e r

hawkers area is located at the

ground floor, beside the seating area of the departure bays. There

are

two

l eve l .

The

T h i s

and skylights are provides for keeping the

terminal is vertically higher than normal

h e l p s

interiors lit. This skylight gives a sence of openess

accesses to the area . One for the

segrigate

hawkers to enter from the outside and

and feels spacious.

one for the passengers within the

crowd.

terminus. The hawkers enter from the outside and gather at the hawkers area.

IMPACT

Low parapets walls from all sides separate them from the passengers ensuring no direct contact while they are still able to sell their goods. Sanitization booths are present at the area for hawker’s sanitization.

NDC 2020-21

THIS

new design for a bus terminus

growth and evolution of the architecture that varies from situation to situation . The design also contributes in represents

solving

various

stakeholders values i.e. the

issues

the

by using the principle

rudiments.

This is our

responce to the situatiom. we tried to create a new idea of bublic mobility space, a prominant factor that

affects

the lifestyle of stakeholders,

A HOPE FOR A NEW REALITY. S.S.A.485

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S.S.A.485

18. MISCELLANEOUS BASIC WORKSHOP I PAINTING I MODEL MAKING I PHOTOGRAPHY WAH TAJ

MEENA BAZAAR

MODEL MAKING

FLYING INTO THE PAST

MUGHAL MAGNIFICIENCE

THE SUN NEVER SETS

A TASTE OF FRANCE

THROUGH THE LENSES

INTO THE RUINS