DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN | STUDIO B SHWITI RAVISANKAR
ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to acknowledge the guidance provided by the tutor Dr. Gideon D.P.A. Aschwanden and contributions of my studio partner Randy Wihardja to the making of the City of Karratha project. Last but not the least, a big thank you to my fellow classmates who have given us valuable feedback and criticism to improve the project.
CONTENTS 01
MINING INFRASTRUCTURE
Research Excercise
02
CITY OF KARRATHA Macrosite | Analysis Macrosite | Proposal Microsite | Analysis Microsite | Proposal Implementation Precinct Plan
03
APPENDIX Excercise 02 Urban Connectivity Excercise 03 Fitzroy Crossing Excercise 04 City of Karratha
04
REFERENCES
STUDIO B 2016
01
MINING INFRASTRUCTURE
EXERC ISE 01: ATLAS Data Collection that informed the semester long project.
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CITY OF KARRATHA
STUDIO B 2016
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STUDIO B 2016
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DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
CITY OF KARRATHA
STUDIO B 2016
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA
THE HEAR T OF PILBARA
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STUDIO B 2016
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA
THE HEAR T OF PILBARA
Semester long project
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA
MAC ROSI TE | BAC KGROUND STUDIES
Background studies at Global, National and Regional levels.
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GDP PER CAPITA ( 2014)
12
Over 50K $
35-50K $
DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
20-35K $
10-20K $
CITY OF KARRATHA
Under 5K $
No data
STUDIO B 2016
G LOBA L ECONOMIES AND PROXIMITY ANALYSIS
The Global scale analysis included understanding population increase in major cities of the world in relation to Karratha. The GDP emphasizes on markets that Karratha can gain from doing business with. Karratha lies in the same time zone as China which is one of the major attractions for investors in this region. Proximity analysis shows that Karratha is greatly advantaged in the Asian market and major ports around the world.
Major Ports
Major Cities
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Export Cities
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Proximity radius
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Ki
ng
Irela
nd
nes Phill ipi
d
China
ite
Thai la
ia
I nd
Un
Malaysia
MIGRATION
d
lan
w
Ne
a Ze
do
nd
m
e bw
a mb
So
uth
Afr ic
a
Zi
Interstate
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Intrastate
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N AT ION A L LOCATION ANALYSIS
Equitorial
CLIMATE
Grassland
Tropical
Karratha faces major problems with respect to migration into and out of the region. Most people fly in to work as per the FIFO regulations which probably has to be removed to provide population growth and stability within the region. Dessert
Temperate
Sub tropical
Equatorial
Grassland
Tropical
Desert
Karratha shows stable climatic conditions of semi arid hot. This can be considered as an opportunity for the provision >9.0% 6.0-9.0% of night life in the township 4.0-6.0%
Sub Tropical
UNEMPLOYMENT
2.0-4.0%
Karratha has one of the lowest unemployment rates that provides ample incentive for economic growth. Also, the ability to diversify economically is further enhanced by the industrial opportunities that are available.
<2.0%
> 9.0%
6.0-9.0%
4.0-6.0%
2.0-4.0%
<2.0%
INDUSTRIES fishing Pearl farming Spawning Cattle ranching and rearing Sheep ranching Mining
Fishing
Pearl Farming
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Spawning
Cattle related
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Sheep Ranching
Mining
MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN
1000km
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PORT HEADLAND CITY OF KARRATHA
ASHBURTON
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R E GION A L PILBARA REGIONS
The Pilbara region consists of Port Headland, East Pilbara, Ashburton and City of Karratha. City of Karratha development is the most practical solution as its aided by the right population and basic infrastructure.
EAST PILBARA
POPULATION ( 2014)
26228
15045
10002
ource: Pilbara development Commitee, 2011, Govt of Western Australia
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East Pibara Karratha Ashburton Port Headland
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East Pibara 11950 Karratha 22900 Ashburton 10002 Port Headland 15045
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Major Towns
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Major Ports
Major Ports
Highway
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Roads
Existing Rail
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R E GION A L PILBARA REGIONS| TRANSPORT NETWORK
10000km
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Major Towns
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Major Ports
Major Ports
Highway
DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
Roads
Existing Rail
Electricity line
CITY OF KARRATHA
Gas line
Mines
Water resource
STUDIO B 2016
R E GION A L PILBARA REGIONS| RESOURCES PROXIMITY
Network connections within the regions show that City of Karratha is well connected to the available economical resources. It is thus inferred that City of Karratha can be the gateway to the Pilbara region.
10000km
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KARRATHA GAS PLANT
KARRATHA SALT FLATS
DAMPIER ARCHIPELAGO
KARRATHA COASTAL MANGROVES
Dampier
Karratha
Mount Ankettel
ay
l
sta
rth
oa
tC
es
W
hw
g Hi
No
R.Robe Seven mile Power Station investment
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LOC A L CITY OF KARRATHA | LOCALE INFORMATION NORTH-WESTERN COASTAL HIGHWAY
ROEBOURNE
Point Samson
Wickam
Cossack
Roebourne
10km
Cape Lambert iron ore project investment
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INNUNDATION Extreme
High
Moderate
Low
Current Water body
SOIL TYPE Marsh
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Tenosol
Vertosol
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M AC R OA N A LYSIS
10km
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA
MAC ROSI TE | PROPOSAL
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Dampier
KARRATHA
m
5k
m
5k
8.
Towards Millstream Chichester National Park
km
10
km
15
To Onlsow >15,000 people
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<5000 people
<1000 people
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Economic District
Agronomic District
CITY OF KARRATHA
Cultural District
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CI TY O F K A R RAT HA
Point Samson
Cossack WYNDHAM
Roebourne Towards Port Hedland
Towards Jimmawurrada Creek Export/Import District
Existing Rail
Proposed Rail
Existing Highway
Proposed Highway 10km
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Dampier
KARRATHA
Proposed Rail
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Existing Highway
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Point Samson
Cossack
NEXUS CITY
WYNDHAM
Roebourne
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Dampier
KARRATHA
Proposed Rail
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Existing Highway
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Point Samson
Cossack
INNOVATION BELT
WYNDHAM
Roebourne
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Dampier
KARRATHA
Proposed Rail
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Existing Highway
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Point Samson
Cossack
GATEWAY TO PILBARA
WYNDHAM
Roebourne
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA
MIC ROSI TE | BAC KGROUND STUDIES KARRATHA TOWN
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Sea
INNUNDATION
Sea Commercial
Regular flood region
Urban Development Conservation, natural, recreation parks, recreation, drainage public purpose Tourism
LAND USE
residential Industrial
Sea Conservation Parks, Recreation, Drainage Urban Development Public Purpose Tourism Residential Industrial
Sea Mangrove
Commercial
Urban Development Conservation, natural, recreation Swale public open spaces Tourism
OPEN SPACE
Sea Urban Development Conservation Mangrove Swales
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M IC R OA N A LYSIS
NOLLI MAP
MOVEMENT
Primary Roads | Highway Secondary Roads Trails
PEDESTRIAN CATCHMENT AREAS
500m radius 2km
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ï¬&#x201A;oating population and no incentive to stay
individual towns
existing natural boundaries
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c ONST RAINTS
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government issues
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OP P O R TU N I T I E S A N D C O N STRA I N TS
lack of transport options
privately owned rail and ports infrastructure
poor health rate
high living cost
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â&#x20AC;&#x153;To prepare Karratha for a myriad of transformations that will amplify the econom character thereby ame
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mic, social and environmental structure of the outback town without disregarding its eliorating its identity â&#x20AC;&#x153;
02
C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA
MIC ROSI TE | PROPOSAL KARRATHA TOWN
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M ASTE RPL A N CITY OF KARRATHA
2km
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
MOVEMENT INTERLACE AND TRANSITION
POLYCENTRICITY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND BIOSWALES
SHARED STREETS
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
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CITY OF KARRATHA
STUDIO B 2016
K A R R ATH A TOW N KEY CONCEPTS
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
MIXED USE COMMUNITIES
Key concepts that informed the design process
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
NIGHT LIFE
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
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NOLLI MAP
LAND USE
Industrial Tourism Residential Highway Zone Road Zone
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Parks, Recreation, Drainage Public Purpose Mixed Use - Commercial Mixed Use - Retail
DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
Conservation Urban Development Rural Medium Density Housing
CITY OF KARRATHA
Sea
STUDIO B 2016
K A R R ATH A TOW N MASTERPLAN
Vehicular
MOVEMENT
Rail Corridor
Shared
Pedestrian
BUILDING HEIGHTS 4-5 Storeys
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2-4 Storeys
1-2 Storeys
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2km
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These space syntax diagrams infromed the design of the Green Web along with the existing swale areas. It indicates the pathways that people would choose to walk and its integration in the larger scale to the township
CHOICE 500M
PROPOSED GREEN WEB
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S PAC E SY N TA X A N A LYSIS
These space syntax diagrams infromed the station locations of the Rail Corridor.
CHOICE 10000M
PROPOSED TRAIN STATIONS
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concert space
art installation
playground
sports
art installatio
jogging track flood catchment
observation deck jogging track playground
local market
Space Programming Creative space
Creative spaces
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Social Activity
Tourist Attractions
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Local Market
Social activity
toursit attraction
Flood prevention
CITY OF KARRATHA
STUDIO B 2016
local market
R A I L C O R RI D OR PROGRAMMING
The intent of Rail Corrdior Project is to provide quick public transport and also a shaded public realm that can be used by cyclist and pedestrians alike to get across the township.
observation deck
concert space
on
local market
sports
flood prevention
2km
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MARKETS
The corridor will provide multiple opportunities for temporary and permenant events and facilities that will facilitate around the clock activation of the streets. Stations will have retail and commercial spaces that can be rented out. Observation Decks at different points will act as tourist attractions for visitors.
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R A I L C O R RI D OR PROGRAMMING
RAIL STATIONS
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RECREATIONAL STRIPS
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Train Station
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Rail Network
Heatlh Facilities
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Educational Facilities
Community Centre
CITY OF KARRATHA
Green Spaces
Walking Path
STUDIO B 2016
GREEN WEB DESIRE LINES AND PUBLIC FACILITIES
Various public facilites such as schools, community libraries, hospitals were identified. It was then acknowledged that these had to be linked by a path for pedestrians to frequent. The idea of the Green Web was considered as a pivotal requirement for the Karratha development which is otherwise torn by wide streets and lack of shaded walking paths.
2km
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The Green Web acts as a single connection for pedestrians to move about the township.
D
A
The following sections show its relationship to the zones it passes through.
C
KEY PLAN
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F
CITY OF KARRATHA
STUDIO B 2016
GREEN WEB SECTIONS THROUGH WAYS PARTS
Detail A
Detail B
THROUGH RESIDENTIAL AREAS
Detail C THROUGH SWALE AREAS
THROUGH PARKS AND RESERVES
Detail D
Detail E THROUGH SCHOOL ZONES
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THROUGH RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL ZONES
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THROUGH SINGLE DWELLING RESI-
DENTIAL Detail F ZONES
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N IG H T MA P LIGHTING MAP | 24x7 Activation Network
This Map is indicative of activities in township at night. The Rail Corridor and Green Web are visibly the most activated zones. This also facilitates safer neighbourhoods and economic activities like no other in Australia.
2km
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N IG H T MA P NIGHT RENDER | 24x7 Activation Network
VIEW OF NIGHT LIFE IN KARRATHA
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA IMPLEMENTATION
KARRATHA TOWN
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Drop in Mining GDP
T R IGGE RS
Eco-Social Condition
Population of 36,000 1-2 years
A
2-4 years
Local govt + Mining Company Partnership
Airport
K a r r a t h a To w n
Population of 40,000
T
Local govt + Mining Company Partnership
Train Network
8-10 years
11 - 20 years
Airport Development: International and Domestic Terminals
Existing Rail Network Revitalization
CC
Access to the Propo
F
Rail Corridor Construction
Ini
Land Use and Planning Amendment City Centre Redevelopment
City Centre
UP
Land Use and Planning Amendment University Precinct Expansion Commences
University Precinct
UP
Land Use and Planning Amendment Residential Development Phase 1
West Karratha
UP
Land Use and Planning Amendment
SouthKarratha
RB
5-7 years
Horticulture Research and Development Centre
Access
Commercial Developme
Industrial Headquarters Construction Project
Acce
Land Preparation
Roebourne W+C
Land Use and Planning Amendmen
Heritage Buildings Refurbishment Project
Wickham + Cossack
PS Point Samson
Proposed Port Development
Access to the Existing F
F U ND I N G Pilbara Cities Initiatives: $1.7 billion investment
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â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Royalties for Regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Program
DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
International Investment: business links programme with Indonesia, Papua New Guinea & East Timor
CITY OF KARRATHA
International Introduce 10 year multiple en applica
STUDIO B 2016
I M P L E M E N TAT IO N PL A N
21 - 30 years
31 - 40 years
41 - 50 years
osed Rail Corridor
Flood Control Program
Art & Cultural Program
Local Market Program
Recreational Program
Tourism Program
itialising the Programmes of Activity Corridor beneath Sky Rail Access to the Proposed Sky Rail
Activating the Public Realms through Events
s to the Proposed Train Network
ent Phase 1
Access to the Proposed Train Network
ess to the Proposed Train Network
nt
Open Space and Public Space Construction Project
Residential Development Phase 1
Land Use and Planning Amendment
Access to the Existing Freight Rail Network
Commercial Development Phase 1
Residential Development Phase 2
Commercial Development Phase 2
Open Space and Public Space Construction Project
Access to the Existing Freight Rail Network
Eco Tourism Development
Freight Rail Network
l Investment: ntry visitor visas and trial visa ations
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C I T Y OF KA R R AT HA PREC INCT PLAN
KARRATHA TOWN
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Resorts (retained)
Museum
Water Park
Town Hall
Station Information Centre
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K A R R ATH A TOW N CITY CENTRE
The City Centre has been designed such that the core public realm is surrounded by commercial centres. Administrative offices have been huddled to the south east closer to the new sky rail station that is proposed at the junction of the Dampier Highway. Within the centre pedestrians have been prioritised with en-number of opportunities for around the clock facilities to prop up. The town centre and tourist centres have been retained. However, the large car parks and box malls have been repositioned to allow for more public spaces.
Residential Mixed Use - Commercial Mixed Use - Retail Medium Density Housing Public Purpose Parks, Recreation, Drainage
LAND USE
Conservation Highway Zone Road Zone Tourism
Vehicular Rail Corridor Shared Pedestrian
MOVEMENT
Built form heights have been restricted to 5 storeys maximum through the development in view of respecting the character of the town. The proposed city centre shows a more compact and functional use of the space. The hierarchy of open and closed space is visible with clarity that makes place making easier.
EXISTING BUILT FORM
KEY PLAN 200m
4-5 Storeys 2-4 Storeys 1-2 Storeys
BUILDING HEIGHTS SHWITI RAVISANKAR
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72 DEVELOPING NORTHERN AUSTRALIA VIEW OF PUBLIC PARK IN CITY CENTRE
CITY OF KARRATHA
STUDIO B 2016
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GREEN WEB
INDUSTRIAL PRECINCT
RESIDENTIAL
RECREATIONAL SPACES
BIOSWALE
SECONDARY STREETS
SECTION THROUGH SWALE REGIONS
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W E ST K A R RAT HA KARRATHA TOWN
Residential Mixed Use - Commercial Mixed Use - Retail Medium Density Housing Public Purpose Parks, Recreation, Drainage Conservation Highway Zone Road Zone Tourism
The West Karratha development is based on the transition and interlace concept where there exists a hierarchy from the highway until the neighbourhood level in terms of movement and network for pedestrians. The idea is that from each station the pedestrians are provided the incentive to walk via naturally shaded routes to their homes. Medium density housing is introduced along green patches and built form allows for good views to all residents.
LAND USE Vehicular Rail Corridor Shared Pedestrian
Commercial centres are in closer proximity to the industrial regions and airport facilities.
MOVEMENT 4-5 Storeys 2-4 Storeys 1-2 Storeys
BUILDING HEIGHTS
KEY PLAN 1km
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MIXED USE PUBLIC SPACES MASTER OFVIEW URBANOF DESIGN 77
45 degrees
MAIN STREET
RETAIL ZONE
RESIDENTIAL ZONE
PEDESTRIAN ORIENTED STREET
RESIDENTIAL ZONE
RETAIL ZONE
MAIN STREET
SECTION THROUGH RETAIL AND RESIDENTIAL UNITS
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S O U TH K A R RAT HA KARRATHA TOWN
Residential Mixed Use - Commercial Mixed Use - Retail Medium Density Housing Public Purpose Parks, Recreation, Drainage Conservation Highway Zone Road Zone Tourism
The South Karratha development follows similar concepts to West Karratha. The typology of buildings along the Rail corridor follows a typology where retail facades face the highway and are back by apartment blocks which are accessible by pedestrianised streets. This allows for the Jane Jacobs’ infamous “eyes on the streets” concept. Building height restrictions follow the Transport Oriented Development formula. Also, commercial centres are closer the Industrial warehouses and are clustered to provide good logistical infrastructure.
LAND USE Vehicular Rail Corridor Shared Pedestrian
MOVEMENT 4-5 Storeys 2-4 Storeys 1-2 Storeys
BUILDING HEIGHTS
KEY PLAN 1km
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VIEW OF SWALE AREAS
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03 APPENDIX
EXERC ISE 02: URBAN C ONNECTIVI T Y Evaluating the urban fabric with Depthmap (an advanced modeling program that identifies street layouts with respect to the modes of transport.
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Residential Principal Centre Major Centre
The following Space Syntax study is based on the Land Use Mapping followed in Townsville. The relevant Principal Centre and Major Centres were identified. The primary motive of the study was to integrate the centres within the city as well as to the south across the Ross River.
High Density Res Ross River Envi. Significance Bus Route Train Route
Thuringowa Central has been focussed to provide enhanced connectivity to the southern parts of the city and Ross River. Pedestrian and Public Transport routes were evaluated.
LAND USE MAP
INTEGRATION
EXISTING
POLYCENTRIC CITY
Polycentric Cities are those where in the Urban functions are distributed amongst a chain of sub-centres (Van Criekingen, Mathieu, et al. 2007).
PROPOSED
1 0000 m
1 0000 m
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URBAN CONNECT I V I TY
TOWNSVILLE |QUEENSLAND
S PA C E S Y N TA X
1 0000 m
CORRELATING INTEGRATION AND LAND USE
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
PEDESTRIAN
0 25
0
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
0 50
0
10000m
1 0000 m
THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE | URBAN DESIGN STUDIO B | ABPL 90273 | PAGE 1
10000m
EXISTING
NEGATIVE OUTCOMES • Bridges connect between open spaces • No difference of Choice for overall scheme. • Increased business in neighbourhoods.
CHOICE
10000m
PROPOSED
POLYCENTRIC CITY
POSITIVE OUTCOMES • Highly accessible scheme for pedestrians and Public Transport alike. • Emergence of new Public Transport routes and possible use of river as a mode of Public Transport as seen in cities like Brisbane. • Additional bridges have accentuated the walkability in the neighbourhood scale across the Ross river. • Enhanced connectivity between both sides of river.
10000m
ADDITIONAL ROADS
: 35.6 Km
ADDITIONAL BRIDGES LONGEST PATH SHORTEST PATH
:2 : 1.00 Km : 0.025 Km
ROADS ADDED
PEDESTRIAN
0 25
0
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
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THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE | URBAN DESIGN STUDIO B | ABPL 90273 | PAGE 2
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03 APPENDIX
EXERC ISE 03: FI TZROY C ROSSING
Time problem based on finding solutions for Fitzroy Crossing, Northern Australia.
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PEAK SUMMER CONDITIONS
FLOODING CONDITIONS 90
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EMPLOYMENT
ABORIGINAL PEOPLE INCLUSIVENESS
FOOD RESILIENCE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
WATER SUPPLY PROTECTION
To create an environmentally and culturally appropriate horticulture zone which can bestow a sustainable future for the community.
DESIGN PROPOSAL
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FITZROY RIVER CONTOURS
116m
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Yanweizhou Park, Jinhua City, China
Xanthorrhoea Australis
Natural Water as a Cultural Way, Zhincheng Xu
Bush Tomato
Native Peach (Santalum acuminatum)
Casuarina and Allocasuarina
Xanthorrhoea Australis
116-120m
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106m
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FITZROY RIVER CONTOURS
116m
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Liupanshui Minghu Wetland Park, China
Burdekin
River, Queensland, Australia
Area for horticulture Flood water collection and retention
110m
112m
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106m MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN
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03 APPENDIX
EXERC ISE 04: C I T Y OF KARRATHA
Time problem based on finding solutions for Fitzroy Crossing, Northern Australia.
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04 REFERENCES
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EXCERCISE 01 Hydralok, 2013 (28th August), viewed on 10th March 2016, <http://www.australianmining.com.au/ news/thetopfivemining countriesandtheirgdp> GeoScience Australia, viewed on 11th March 2016, Australian Government, <http://www.ga.gov.au/scientif ic-topics/miner als/basics#heading-4> Mining Legacies, viewed on 10th March 2016, <http://www.mininglegacies.org/mines/west-aust/> T Peter, 2014, The Effect of the Mining Boom on the Australian Economy, <http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulle tin/2014/dec/pdf/bu-1214-3.pdf > Australian Beaurea of Statistics, updated 11 November 2015, viewed on 12th march 2016, <http:// www.abs.gov.au/aus stats/abs@.nsf/0/0F2FAE2AE39180F0CA25773700169CC3?opendocument> Parliament of Australia, viewed on March 15th 2016, <http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Depart ments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/EnergyResources> Connolly E et al, 2013, viewed on 18th March 2016 <http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2013/sep/pdf/bu- 0913-3.pdf> Northern Australia Audit, 2015, Australian Government - Infrastructure Australia, viewed on 15th March,<http://infrastructureaus tralia.gov.au/policy-publications/publications/files/IA_Northern_Australia_Audit.pdf> Glencore Reserves, viewed on 19th March 2016 < http://www.glencore.com/assets/investors/doc/ reports_and_re sults/2014/GLEN-2014-Resources-Reserves-Report.pdf> Australian Government, 2015, White Paper on Developing Northern Australia, Australian Government, Australia. Ports of Australia, viewed on 18th March 2016, <http://www.portsaustralia.com.au/assets/Uploads/Ports-Australia-map.pdf> Airports, viewed on 18th March 2016, < http://ourairports.com/search?q=queensland&show=scheduled> Local Government Association of Northern terrirtory, viewed on 18th March 2016, < http://www.lgant.asn.au/policy-pro grams/infrastructure/airstrips> Behre Dolbear, 2015, Where to Invest In Mining, viewed 16 March 2016 Source 1 - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2 - Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics 3 - Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics 4 - PWCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s GEM 5 - ABS; Australian National Accounts: (state accounts) 6 - ABS; Butlin 1985
1
2 3
4 5
6
Source 7 - Australia Mine Map 2015 8 - Australian Bureau of Statistics
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7 5
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EXERCISE 03 Aboriginal Plant Use, Australian National Botanic Gardens, <http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/visiting/exploring/aboriginal-trail/> From Flood to Unique Riverbed Garden: The Story of the Turia < http://www.visitvalencia.com/en/blog/fromflood-to-unique-riverbed-garden-the-story-of-the-turia/#sthash.OQVngbk4.dpuf > “Red Ribbon Park / Turenscape” 07 Nov 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 18 Apr 2016. <http://www.archdaily. com/445661/red-ribbon-park-turenscape/> “SOIL-LANDSCAPE ZONES OF THE WA RANGELANDS AND INTERIOR”, < http://www.asris.csiro.au/downloads/state_agencies/tr2007_slwarai_ptille_nomaps.pdf> pdf>
Fitzroy Futures Town Plan, < http://www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/FFTP_March_2009_v_3_Nov.2010.
YANWEIZHOU PARK IN JINHUA CITY , Turenscape Landscape Architecture < http://www.landezine.com/index. php/2015/03/a-resilient-landscape-yanweizhou-park-in-jinhua-city-by-turenscape/> Slow Down: Liupanshui Minghu Wetland Park by Turenscape , < http://www.descroll.com/architecture/ slow-down-liupanshui-minghu-wetland-park-by-turenscape> STUDENT PROJECT | Natural Water as Cultural Water | Zhicheng Xu , < http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/ student-project-natural-water-as-cultural-water-zhicheng-xu/#.VxQIdzB97IX>
CNTXT Studio, < http://www.cntxtstudio.com/Sculpting-the-flood>
Flood of Ideas, < http://floodofideas.org.au/southbank-pista/>
Department of Water, Government of Western Australia, Fitzroy Crossing Water Reserve drinking water source protection plan, Fitzroy water Supply, 2008
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CITY OF KARRATHA PROJECT
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