APPROVAL UNDERGRADUATE DISSERTATION V.V. P. SANCHALIT
INDUBHAI PAREKH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE RAJKOT
The following study is hereby approved as credible work on the approved subject, carried out and presented in a manner sufficiently satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a pre-requisite to the degree for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval, the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve of any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein and approves the study only for the above purpose; and satisfies him as to the requirements laid down by the thesis committee.
Title: Reinterpriting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people in Bhuj.
Studio Co-ordinator: Prof. Riddhi Shah
Guide: Prof. Hakimuddin Bharmal
Signature Signature Date:
Date:
Siddhant Bhatasana, B 3312 i
Aknowledgement I wish to express my gratitude to a number of people who became involved with this thesis one way or another. My thesis advisor, Prof.Hakimuddin Bharmal, whose suggestions led me throughout this thesis, has always been willing to answer my questions. Even i would like to thank all the thesis committee members for being very supportive whenever needed. In addition, grateful thanks to all my friends for their encouragement and lots of disscutions specially Snehal, Tej, Jwalant, Vibhuti and Mitesh. I would like to thank IPSA Library for providing me required literature. Also i am greatfull to Prof. Devang parekh and Prof. Hitesh changela for giving me guidance whenever required. I would like to specially thank Residents of Bidada village and Madhapar village for letting me in their houses for casestudies. This thesis could not have been accomplished without my parents, They have always been so supportive with me no matter how dubious my decision were. They always give me warm encouragement and strength in every situation.
Dedicated to my Family.........
iii
Abstract This thesis aims to learn about values of traditional architecture and how one can still retain those values in todays time. Why do we need to retain values from past? How one can do that without making replica and by understanding the logic behind the traditional architecture.? Taking site in Bhuj city, which was suffered from major earthquack in 2001 many people lost their homes specially people who were economically lower could not afford to revive after earthquack and also people came for better and stable income from around the villages do not efford to get proper shelter so they started living in slums or quarters provided by government. In doing so they started loosing the quality of living what they had in villages before. So here there is an attempt to retain those parameters from traditional architecture that helped in achieve better living quality.
illustration by - Author
v
CONTENTS
01 02 03 04 05
Introduction........................... Architectural Research......... Case studies........................... Design Proposal&Project..... Design analysis......................
Approval Page....................................................................................................................................... i Aknowledgement............................................................................................................................... iii Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ v
................................
1.1 A Brief about Thesis............................................................................................................... 02
................................
2.1 Understanding User - Economically Concerned People.......................08 2.2 Present Scenario of Slums................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Present Issues in living.......................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Continuity & Traditional Architecture...................................................................... 24
................................
3.1 Case Study Selection Criteria....................................................................................... 28 3.2 Case Study Analysis................................................................................................................ 29 3.3 Inferences from Case Study............................................................................................. 41
................................
4.1 Project Brief................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Programme Development............................................................................................... 4.4 Site and Context....................................................................................................................... 4.3 Conceptuals & Design development......................................................................
................................
5.1 Design Analysis............................................................................................................................ 62 Glossary....................................................................................................................................................... Appendix I - Base Drawings/Illustrations....................................................................... List of Plates............................................................................................................................................ Illustration credits................................................................................................................................. Work cited..................................................................................................................................................
46 47 48 55
vi vii xi xii xiii
01
Introduction Slums are part of urbanization. Slum dwellers are living in very poor conditions. People who were living in once in villages migrates to cities and thus slums develop in cities.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
01
1.1 A Brief about Thesis Rapid urbanization came with industrial growth has made its adverse impacts on the living conditions of human society. People started migrating from around villages for employment into city but they cant afford better house or living conditions in city. They had no other option but to live in slum area. A slum has been defined as “Any predominantly residential area, where the dwellings which by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement of design, lack of ventilation, light or sanitary facilities or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals”.
Housing is an arduous problem across the world, especially in developing countries like India. It has become a top priority of the government and the society at large to address this issue. This is particularly severe in cities because, by 2025, more than 50% of the population is expected to reside in urban settlements in search of stability and income. This would lead to a shortage of 25 Million housing units – 99% of it being in the Economically Weaker Section and the Low Income Housing space. Through this study we intend to find viable solutions to address this growing problem of low cost urban housing in India.
Fig.2
Urban housing shortage in different states of india.
% of Urban Population in Slums, country wise Fig.1 India is one of the country that falls under more % of urban population in slums.
UN-Habitat Housing Report, last accessed on 21st Aug 2012. KPMG Report on Housing in India, Last accessed 22nd Jan 2013. Annual Report 2010-11 of the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation GOI – National Housing Bank, Statistics on Demand for Housing in India, Last accessed 10th Aug 2012.
02
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.3 Categories in Urban housing shortage in india.99% of total housing shortage is in EWS and Low income groups.
Fig.4 View of Urban slums showing imbalance.
Fig.5 View of village dwellings showing harmony with nature.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Problems with Government provided Housing While Government is taking efforts to improve the quality of life for economically concerned section, At some point they do not deal with their daily issues in housing such as lack of parking spaces, lack of light and ventilation. negative spaces between two blocks. lack of community space. no chance for future expantion for individual dwellings. no maintainance and services, because of all this issues they failed to improve the quality of life.
Learnings of Traditional Architecture Traditional Architecture has this harmony between the built environment and people. We can learn so many things from traditional architecture. It is not only one time effort but culmination of hundreds of thoughts.
Poor people live in urban area and people live in rural area, Both users are different but in a way they are the same, their economical levels are almost same. People who lives in villages only migrates in cities for better life and stable income. only their needs have changed. But when they migrate in cities they loose what they had in village. Because of many reason their living quality decreases. Question is can we give that quality of living what they had in villages? And most importantly How can we? There could be many ways to achive better quality in habitat desiging but this thesis is focused on finding values of Traditional Architecture. first of all we should study what is the present scenario of their living conditions and needs in city. Can we find solutions or values from traditional architecture and also how to blend those learnings and values for today’s needs and requirements? 03
Aim
To find answers from traditional architecture for contemporary needs and challanges in housing for Economically concerned people.
Objective
1. To understand User and their parameters for better living for Economically concerned people. 2. To study what are the issues they find today in slums. 3. To highlight and analyse parameters that were used in traditional architecture and reinterprete them into contemporary design. 4. To evolve architecture form and spatial organization with respect to the climate and culture of the region. 5. To achieve well space utilization and better quality of habitat.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Methodology
1. Finding origin of slum dwellers or migrated people and understanding present scenario by reading literature. 2. Understanding User well and their needs and issues in present living conditions in government provided housing and small slums in general. 3. Taking case studies of traditional houses of nearby villages of Bhuj city that helped to achieve better quality of habitat. 4. Incorporating all learning from above mentioned studies into contemporary housing design for Economically concerned people, keeping present needs and issues in mind.
Scope & limitation
1. Study concentrates only on finding solutions for improving quality of habitat for Economically concerned people. 2. Study focues on learning from past or traditional architecture. 3. This study is restricted to Bhuj city only.
05
02
Architectural Research This section talks about the basic Architectural inquiry that is to understand User and their present scenario of living, understanding their needs and issues in present time and also their way of living and why should we retain values and understanding of traditional architecture for finding solution for present time?
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
07
2.1 Understanding User 2.1.1 Origin of Slums - Overview Slums are an urban phenomenon which comes into existance on account of urbanization and industrilization in and around cities thereby attracting in migration of population in countryside. Through slums are rich source of unskilled and semiskilled manpower, they tend to result in burden on the civic existing amenities. Government agencies and NGO have flung into action and initiated in several measures to improve the plight dwellers and make the slum areas livable for the habitants as of late they are view
as effective agents in the process of urban development rather than burden on urban infracture. A slum is a compact settlement with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowed together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions in that compact area. There is around 50-60% of the population of the urbanareas that lives in urban slums where basic facilities such as water,sanitation,health, electricity etc are poor.
Fig.6 Living conditions in the beginning of indusrtialization.
Fig.7 Cities developing during indusrtialization.
08
Fig.8 People from surounding villages and towns migrating to cities.
Migration from villages
Migration from villages
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
INDUSTRIALIZATION 19TH CENTURY
RAPID URBANIZATION
Due to
MIGRATION
of people from around Villages to cities
Population Growth, Opportunities in the cities. Economic Process. Need for labours in the cities.
Starting of Slum
Unable to find housing and afford it so people started building shelter on their own and formed settlements gradually.
Towards heart of the city Where various types of jobs are available and small industries can be run.
Along the River bank Where area is low-lying and plenty of vacant land and water is easily available.
Around Industrial Areas Generally where vacant land is available and the work is nearby.
Along Public Places Where the land is not owned by anyone.
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SLUMS
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
09
2.1.2 Economically concerned people There is no defination to this term plots or in slums. Their income is but we can understand this term comperatively low. as people who are concern with This Group of people includes their income. People who are Low income people also. They live ecomomically weaker and living in very poor condition because or may not be living in slums also of this they have issues with people who are not economically health and hygine. they dont weaker and living in slums are get proper services like water included in this class of people. supply and electricity. This class They dont spend their income in of people come in the city for luxurious items. If we talk about better and stable income but they Housing they have issues with compromise their living quality more maintainance and also they and because of this they cant wish to have things or services uplift themselves in society. Built that worth their money. And also Environment plays a major role in class of people who can not afford upliftment of this class of people. proper shelter, who lives in illegal This class of people are living
Fig.9
People from economically weaker sections and low income groups of india.
“
This class of people come in the city for better and stable income but they compromise their living quality and because of this they cant uplift themselves in society.
10
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
in bad conditions because of many reasons. They have 4 to 5 members in their family. Each of them had to work for better living in cities. 2.1.3 Occupations They are generally associated with factory work, working in small shops, very small business like pottery work, masonary, shoes making and different vendors, Even some are associated with transport services like taxi service and auto-rickshaw driver in Bhuj city. House wives do small house work from around or factory work. They work all day. Fig.10 Major occupation of males in this group is driving rickshaw.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
2.1.4 Amenities They have lack of amenities and services like education, health and hygine. Mostly they rely on government provided amenities like aanganwadi, health care, and primary schools. They dont have enough social space to socialized. Because of lack of amenities and poor hygine they usually have health issues.
Fig.11 While females do house work or small scale businesses like pottery.
11
2.2 Present Scenario of Slums 2.2.1 Slum Scenario in india India is a populous country where approximately 70% of the people reside in rural areas. These people are migrating to urban settlements in search of jobs and better living standards. In the last two decades, India’s population has increased by 2.25%, but the urban population has increased by 3.8%4. An estimated 30% of the population in 12 major cities of India lives in slums and the proportion of slum dwellers and squatters have been continuously increasing. Therefore, the sanitary conditions
and housing conditions of slum dwellers are deteriorating day-by-day, This calls for an urgent need for evolving a rational policy on urban resettlement. By 2025, more than 50% of the population is expected to reside in urban settlements in search of stability and income. This would lead to a shortage of 25 Million housing units – 99% of it being in the Economically Weaker Section and the Low Income Housing space.
Fig.12 Street becomes very important for daily activities in slums.
Fig.13 Street of a pakka housing for lower and lower middle class people.
Fig.14 Chart showing housing shortage in Gujarat state.
Affordable Housing Market Scenario in India, Last accessed 10th Aug 2012 Census 2011, Last accessed 10th Aug 2012 HFH India, Last accessed 21st Aug 2012
12
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
2.2.2 Slum Scenario in Gujarat 43% population in the state of Gujarat resides in urban areas, making it one of the highly urbanized states in India. Also, 20% of urban population in Gujarat resides in its slums compared to 26% nationally. According to the slum assessment, the average percentage of slum population is reported to be 23.25% which is very close to that for the state (20%) and a little lower than the national urban slum population of 26%. Till now in gujarat, housing shortage is more than 1.5 million housing units that is very huge
Fig.15 Map showing percentage of slum population in Gujarat state.
Urban Population
Slum
43%
57%
20% 80%
demand for housing. Government is doing so many efforts to fulfill this huge demand by providing housing at low cost for those who are Econnomically concerned. In Gujarat state 43% of people live in Urban Population while 57% live in Rural Area. From 43% of Urban Population 20% of people are living in slum area in poor living condition. That is little lower than national percentage that is 26%. Slum scenario in Bhuj city is important to understand because proposed project is in Bhuj city.
Rural Population
Non-Slum
Fig.16 Chart showing percentage of slum population in different states of Gujarat state. while kutchh has 29.1% population living in slum area.
Government Initiatives and Programme for Affordable Housing, Last accessed 21st Aug 2012 “Working with the Market: Approach to Reducing Urban Slums in India�, Last accessed 21st Aug 2012
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
13
2.2.3 Slum Scenario in Bhuj. After the devastating Earthquack in 2001 every thing collapsed with it. People’s homes destroyed they became homeless and hopless. Gradually city started reviving. But people who could not efford to revive and lost everything pace behind the race. Even who came from around the villages for better income could not afford to get shelter. These people started building shelters on their own and created neighbourhood and became slums.Bhuj city there are 74 slum areas which covers total
of 34% population of Bhuj’s total Population. Also it covers total of 6% of total city area and in those slums there are approximate 11232 families resides. Nearly all of them are on Government land. 70% of the total slum are living from past 20 years and only 5% of it are living from past 5 years. Their average house size is approximat 6080sqm with G or G+1 situation. Their average income is 35006500 Rs.
Fig.17 Ramdevnagar Slum of Bhuj city.
Fig.18 Ravalwadi Slum of Bhuj city. Fig.19 Location of Bhuj city in map of Gujarat state.
14
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Some of the major Slum areas of Bhuj city are located in this map which are following : D
A. Juni Rawalwadi B. Ramdev Nagar C. Bhimrao Nagar D. Bapa dayalu Nagar
B C A AREA OF INTERVENTION
N
0
1
2km
Map is taken from BHADA(Bhuj Urban Development Authority) site.
Fig.20 Map showing major slum area and their location in Bhuj city. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
15
2.3 Present Issues in living 2.3.1 Close to Ground This class of people accustomed to live with ground. They live in G or G+1 Houses because their occupation of business is based on mostly on the ground level. Possibilities of their business is less on live above the ground and somehow they lost their working place when they go above.
When you have high rise building or tall residential building, neighborhood connections and livability decreases. In Houses provided by Government they do not get ground. Having no open space they dont get enough land for workarea so they work in their small house. It becomes very difficult to live.
Fig.21 Their occupation is based on hardworking that needs area on ground.
16
Fig.22 They need wide space that is on ground for their occupation work like cleaning and drying.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
2.3.2 Lack of Parking space Lack of Parking space is a very big problem in mass housing specially for this class of people. They dont have enough space to park their motorcycles, rickshaw or lari. They dont have any other option than to park their vehicles on road side.
Fig.23 Lack of parking space make streets very narrow.
so they park their vehicles near the house on road side it decreses the width of road and thus create traffic issues.
Fig.24 They park their vehicles and laris on Fig.25 Vendor carts and rickshaws are parked on the street only. roads making more traffic.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
17
2.3.3 Climatic concern Small houses, slums or government quarters doesnt have enough light and ventilation because they are placed very tightly. Even streets are also very dark compared to village streets because of the ratio between street width and hight of the building.
Fig.26 There is no natural light coming inside of slum dwellings.
18
slum dwellers require ample amount of light because they are working people. House wife works at their homes to gain income.
Fig.27 There is no proper ventilation in slum dwellings.
Fig.28 The only source of light is through main door from which very little amount of light comes.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
2.3.4 Negative spaces between two buildings This issue is mostly seen in quarters and illegal houses as the placement of blocks are in such a way that spaces between two buildings becomes negative. This happens because there is no such activities spreading in that area.
Fig.29 Spaces between two dwellings in slums area.
Fig.30 Spaces between two dwellings are not utilized well.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
such as plinth for sitting or working area or may be children playing area. so there is so much of garbage and wild grass produces and space becomes useless. It would be good to use that area somehow and make that space live and positive.
Fig.31 Spaces between two dwellings becomes dead and wasted.
19
2.3.5 Lack of Open space In slums, usually there are no open spaces for community to celebrate festivals or other occasions. If there are space then it doesnt suffice the need or it is small in size or not maintained mostly.
Fig.32 No provision for festival celebrations.
20
So what need to build temporary structure to do so. Even they build temples on the roads that is against the bylaws. We should consider this for healthy community living and provide proper open space for this people.
Fig.33 Even in slum area they do not have open spaces for play area and even celebrations.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
2.3.6 Not proper functional organization When this class of people comes into picture, this aspect becomes very important as land prices are high in cities compared to rural area. so it is important to utilize more area without compromising living quality.
Fig.34 They do not have proper Functional organization.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.35 Everything becomes messy inside.
If we see quarters they are more dense because of this their living quality is compromised while in slum they are scatterd that is why they sometimes they lost sense of belongingness from surrounding.
Fig.36 No provision for storage.
21
2.3.7 No chance for Future Expantion or incremental possibilities As family grow, needs also grow in house. so as time passes family members also increses. Slums doesnt have space for an individual house to expand in future according to need.
An individual might need more workspace or extra bedroom in future so if we consider this need before hand than they can easily expand or increse as time passes and whenever needed.
Fig.37 Temporary structure in addtion to main house.
22
Fig.38 Even in slums people build temporary structure to fulfill their needs.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
2.3.8 Lack of Services and Maintenance This aspect is important because this class of people finds hygine issues because of lack of services and less maintenance. They do not have proper sewage system and waste management system.
Fig.39 No proper disposal of garbage.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
This leds to hygine problems and dieases.
Fig.40 Lack of drainage system creates poor hygien conditions.
23
2.4 Continuity and Traditional Architecture 2.4.1 Continuity Continuity is the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over time. It is about following the typical matter/ function/action as long as required. Here, the continuity refers to retaining the sense of traditional architecture with the changing time and methods of construction. Traditional architecture has its own apperarance, comprises of various elements and types of spaces which were designed logically and intentionally. So, the idea is to follow the contemporary construction system and needs and issues with continuing the sense and logics of the traditional.
“
2.4.2 Importance of tradional Architecture Traditional is constructed as something which has lasted for centuries and has not been affected by passing phase. Traditional materials like lime, which have lasted for ages but have been forgotten over the last 60 years, need to be revived because they add to the life of buildings at a very low cost. It creates temperature differences from the outside to inside and also generates work for the craftsmen. Traditional approach is definitely sustainable because it is not governed by a market driven economy and Fig.41 Glimpes of Traditional architecture of Kutchh region.
Here, the continuity refers to retaining the sense of traditional architecture with the changing time and methods of construction.
24
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
“
Traditional architecture in the past had responded to functional requirements based on climate and community needs and evolved a method through centuries of moulding space and light.
the consequent usage of market driven materials.�- by Ar. Nimish patel. Traditional architecture in the past had responded to functional requirements based on climate and community needs and evolved a method through centuries of moulding space and light. Building crafts and social requirements were interwoven with symbolic concerns to create both temples and simple rural house.
The faith in utopian promises of the modern movement evaporated long ago, but as strategy of form making and place making it continued to dominate the imagination of architect and urban planner the world over. Tradition includes the accumulated wisdom and knowledge over the ages and it is our duty to distillate the essence of this genius and use it for today’s development. The evolution of traditional building construction and design practices offers a platform that can help mitigate unsustainable development. Traditionally used construction
Fig.42 Elevation from street showing different heights of dwellings. Every dwelling is in harmony with each other and creates one language. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
25
materials, skills and trades, and adaptation of traditional principles would result in several benefits. In the construction of buildings such strategy would:
People who were living in villages are living in cities now compromising their needs and problems.
1. Include human resource of the semi-skilled and skilled personnel in the growth of construction trade while enhancing knowledge and skill
Now the question is can give that quality of life back to them what they had in villages? Here, to find solutions we should first understand how they are living in villages? What are the 2. Ensure a wider participation in parameters for better living economic processes and promote quality? distribution of wealth.
Fig.44 Traditional dwelling with handmade Grilled balcony showing local skills.
Fig.43 Street of a village.
3. Develop efficient utilization of natural resources and lowprocess energy materials to meet contemporary demands.
26
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
03
Case studies
This section covers selection critaria of case studies and case study analysis that is understanding and inferences from traditional dwellings that helped achieve better living quality and inferences.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
27
3.1 Selection Criteria People who migrate from villages to cities lives in poor conditions they want good living conditions but for many reasons they end up living in low quality living. They face many issues and problems where they live. we have looked into these issues before in details, issue such as :
Now case studies aims to find solutions or answers to these contemporary issues. Do the people of villages have responded to these issue or not? If yes then how? Only the matter of fact is they just migrated from villages to cities.
1. Need of low rise houses 2. Lack of Parking space 3. Lack of light and ventilation 4. Negative spaces between two buildings 5. No open space for festivals or any other occasions 6. Not proper functional organization 7. No incremental possibilities 8. Lack of Services and Maintenance
To find answers first of all we should study the parameters that make traditional houses more livable then slums. so, i went to BIDADA village that is 50kms away from Bhuj city. This village in present works same as it was working before earthquake. Does traditional architecture has answers for issues of slum dwellers that live in cities? Is there anything to learn from their traditional housing to help solve these issues. For that i have studied street organization as well as few house types of bidada village in terms of climatic response and functional organization
28
BHUJ CIT Y
50 KM
BIDADA VILLAGE
Fig.45 Google map showing location and distance of Bidada village from Bhuj city.
Fig.46 Satellite image of bidada village and demarkation of old village.
ay
Highw
OLD VILLAGE BIDADA
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
3.2 Case study analysis 3.2.1 Overall organization of village Village is situated near river and a highway is going perpendicular to it in east-west direction. This village has around 500 to 550 houses and different cast of people. The ‘Haria chowk’ is the formal entry point as well as main and largest open space in village. A number of streets radiate from here in different direction.
Fig.48 Organic settelment of Bidada village
Fig.47 Street and overall planning of Bidada village. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
29
3.2.2 Street pattern and Hierarchy of open spaces Most of the houses of the village are row houses having streets on both sides. Row housing pattern reduces the exposure of external wall surfaces to sun as the houses share a common wall.
Fig.50 ‘Y’ shaped branching of streets.
Fig.52 Streets are organized in wind direction for easy flow of air.
Fig.53 Model showing dwellings placed side by side forming street.
Fig.54 Street junction, where two streets deviate from each other.
Village street are constantly turning in curves in a perticular direction throught small chowks of ‘Y’ shape like a flow of water. These streets behave like channels of winds throughout the village. These streets are predominantly oriented along the southwest direction. Breeze can be felt on any street because of this street pattern. Fig.49 The entire village is a network of curvilinear streets connected by chowks of varying proportion and scale..
30
Fig.51 Probable evolution of ‘Y’ shaped streets. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.55 Hierarchy of Open spaces seen in this village.
The largest public open space is no.4 which is village entrance and hub of economic and social activities for ex. it can work as a ‘maidan’ for congregation and also as a bazar. Community open space where 2 or 3 major streets meet, 10 to 15m wide, smaller than main village square. It continues to decrease in size and scale as we go further inside the fabric. No.2 which is Neighbourhood space, 5 to 7m wide, situated at the junction of two street. It is ‘Y’ shaped or tridant shaped. No.1 is openspace between 4 or 6 houses, 2 to 4m wide, people talk, kids play and there is a jakh(small shrine) situated at this open space. The public open spaces are gradually enlarged as social interaction is increased between the houses to the neighbourhood to the community and fianlly as a whole village.
Fig.56 Typical street of Bidada village. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
31
Fig.57 There is a doorstep open space shared between 2 to 3 dwelling units.
Fig.58 Neighbourhood open space is located at the junction where 2 to 3 streets meet.
Fig.59 Street becomes wider when we reach at the meeting point of main streets, making community open space.
Fig.61 Plan of Street pattern showing heirarchy of open spaces
Fig.60 We enter in the village from huge village open space from where main street are deviating in different direction
32
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
HOUSE TYPE 1
3.2.3 House typology study HOUSE TYPE 1 This house is located adjucent to ‘Bhojanalay chowk’ which is a community open space. It belongs to a jain family of 4-5 people. This house is very rectilinear in shape and share both longitudinal walls with immediate houses. It has two stories. upper story has two bedrooms and all the other functions are located on ground story. It has internal courtyard(aangan) and verandah(osari). Short walls are facing streets having steps(otlo) in front.
Attic spaces act as an insulation and shade the lower floors in day time while flush out hot air at night.
Fig.62 Internal courtyard acts as a ventilation shaft and also borrow light. Courtyard is a place where all the daily activities happen.
Fig.64 Image of the house from community open space, showing staggering of the facades.
verandah acts as a buffer space between court and living. Thermal comfort at Night time Fig.63 Plan of the house showing flow of spaces and also heirarchy of function that is Public to Private.
34
Thermal comfort at Day time
Good
Below Average
Average
Average
Below Average
Good
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Climate Response
Radiation and heat
Fig.65 Upper floor cools down at night very quickly so function like bedrooms are at top floor which are in use at night only.
in side
Out side
Fig.67 Section of an opening reduces heat and getting more light inside.
Openings in walls are carved out in such a way that it allowes more light to fall on floor and reduce outer heat and radiation inside.
Courtyard is almost shaded throught the day and acts as shaft for ventilation, hence improves thermal environment of adjacent and interior spaces. where the first floor interior surface temperatures shows less impact of courtyard i.e. Nearly 2 to 3° C rise in temperature during day.
Fig.66 Axonometric of house.
At 4 PM courtyard and walls around are shaded(showed in blue lines), at 2 PM courtyard is well shaded. At 11:00 AM courtyard is fully shaded, between 11 AM to 2 PM courtyard is partially shaded.
Fig.69 Image of courtyad from verandah at noon time.
Fig.68 Section of courtyard showing duration of sun coming in.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
50cm thick sandstone masonary wall. sandstone is locally available and also it is heat resistant, impact resistant and pressure resistant which helps to stand in earthquake. The wall predominantly acts to retard heat transfer from the exterior to the interior during the day. The high volumetric heat capacity and thickness prevents thermal energy from reaching the inner surface. When temperature falls at night the walls re-radiate the thermal energy back into the night sky. White lime plaster reflects most of the heat
Out side 42-45 C
Inside 30-32 C
Heat absorption in solid sandstone Fig.70 Section of wall showing reflection and absorption in solid sand stone blocks.
35
HOUSE TYPE 2 HOUSE TYPE 2 This house is located at the corner of an secondery street, having three sides open and one shared wall. It belongs to a merchant family of 4-5 members. It is slightly wider than than the house type 1 having two bedrooms on ground floor and two different living rooms. One living room is for special guests that comes for business purposes. It has smaller courtyard. North wall has many openings while south wall is shared. It follows simillar characteristics as house type 1 in context of functional organization.
openings are placed in such a way that it allows wind to pass through very easily, which helps in cross ventilation in house. If all doors and windows are open we can feel winds passing.
Fig.71 Image of entrance of housing from street.
Fig.72 Plan of house showing functional organization and flow of space.
36
Thermal comfort at Night time
Thermal comfort at Day time
Good
Below Average
Average
Average
Below Average
Good
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Climate Response In this case courtyard size is small and also having double highted volume, clerestory windows do most of the vantilation. A clerestory windows act as a main climatic element for vantilation. It drawns out hot air from bedrooms and family room that is collected above. It also provides light in double highted space.
Fig.74 Small opening for ventilation.
Fig.73 Section of courtyard showing duration of sun coming in.
Fig.75 Projection of roof to get hot air out.
After 1 PM courtyard is well shaded but between 11 AM to 1 PM it is partially shaded. Till 11 AM courtyard is well shaded but after 11 AM sun comes into the courtyard. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
37
Functional organization Every houses follow certain pattern in functional organization which is, Public(Formal Living)(‘Osari’) > Semi public(Courtyard)(‘Aangan’) > Private(Bedroom)(‘Karai’) House type 1 and 2 have internal courtyard while type 3 and 4 have front court also they doesnt have formal living(‘osari’) in front. While house type 5 is one of the house of community housing, sharing common wall, roof and even open space. This arrangement of function is very important as it has social layer attached to it.
Fig.79 Functional organization in House type 1.
Fig.80 Functional organization in House type 2.
Fig.81 There is one extra living or ‘baithak’ in this house for important guests from same occupation, a good social reponse in design.
Fig.78 Entrance steps called ‘otla’ which is the most public space and interactive space of house. Fig.76 Enter from the street through few steps called ‘otla’ which is the most public space and interactive space of house.
Fig.77 Window with perforated M.S. jali , woman can overlook outside but an outsider can’t see inside, social response in design.
38
Family room Living room
Services
Bedroom (Karai) Kitchen (rasoda)
Verandah (osari) Courtyard (aangan)
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.82 Functional organization in House type 3 with front Fig.85 Functional organization in House type 4 with shared Fig.87 Functional organization in House type 5 that is Part yard and delly or verandah in front. wall and front court. of Community housing with common path way.
Fig.83 Verandah in front where elderly people sit and overlook out side. Fig.84 There is a small opening in kitchen, through lady can overlook in court if someone comes.
Fig.86 Front court where all the house hold activities happen. Fig.88 Common pathway functions like common courtyard Even occupational work can take place here. for the entire community. Fig.89 Image of ‘rasoda’- Kitchen. Fig.90 Common pathway.
Family room Living room
Services
Bedroom (Karai) Kitchen (rasoda)
Verandah (osari) Courtyard (aangan)
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
39
Fig.91 Area Analysis of all the house types with Open Vs. Built chart.
40
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
3.3 Inferences from case study 1. Functional organization follows same pattern that is Public to Private. Fig.92 Functional pattern in houses of bidada village.
2. Entrace steps - “delly’ is very important social and interactive space.
Fig.93 ‘delly’- Entrance step, Important interactive space.
Fig.94 Connection of ‘delly’ with the street adding social layer.
3. Courtyard - “aangan” is a place where house woman do all house hold work and it also take air and light inside.
Fig.95 Image of courtyard. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.96 Section of courtyard showing house hold activities and connections.
41
4. In most of the houses we can see staggering because of this street becomes varying in character. As streets are very important social layer. 5. The scale of the street is very humane and also climate responsive 6. Street follows the wind direction. so that cross ventilation can happen in houses. Fig.97 Street formation in wind direction.
7. Bedrooms are on the upper floor because they are only going to use at night and at night upper floor cools faster then the ground floor. Hot during daytime
Fig.98 Variation in street width and height keeps it shaded all day.
Cools faster during night
Fig.99 Bedrooms on upper floor cools faster at night.
8. Material they used is sandstone blocks - ‘bella’and lime plaster because kutchh is in earthquake pron zone and sandstone has high abbrasion value and also it is locally available.
Fig.100 300mm thick sandstone ‘bella’ wall keeps most of the heat outside.
42
Fig.101 Image of sandstone wall with lime plaster standing after earthquake. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
9. Many local skills are used in houses such as hand crafted grilled jali, ‘gadkis’ and typical stone and wooden cornices.
Fig.104 Typical door and grilled windows.
Fig.102 Use of hand crafted metal and wooden cornices by local skilled person.
Fig.103 Hand made metal grilled used in balcony.
Fig.105 Use of Stone ‘gadkis’ - place to put ‘diva’ in entrance which is hand made.
Fig.106 Wooden cornices carved by local craftsman.
10. Village streets follow heirarchy of open space from house level open space to village level open space.
Fig.107 Diagrame showing hierarchy of open space in village streets.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
43
11. Areas of each functions are as much as needed not more or not less. Through case study i came to derive areas for each function listed below : 1. Living room 2. Bedroom 3. Kitchen 4. WC & Bath 5. Verandah 6. Courtyard
44
-
8-10m2 10-12m2 2-4m2 1.5-2m2 2-2.5m2 4-5m2
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
04
Design Project This section includes brief of the programme which is Housing for economical concerned people in Bhuj. This includes Programme development and site&context study fllowing with conceptual development.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
45
4.1 Project Brief Project:
Housing for Economically concerned people that includes EWS and LIG people, Ravalwadi, Bhuj.
Purpose:
After the devastating earthquake in Kutch there is an urgent need of housing till today. Bhuj is the center of development for all the villages in Kutch. More and more People are migrating for better living and stable income but because of many reasons they end up having poor living conditions. Understanding traditional houses of Bhuj and Surrounding Kutch region will might give us the answers to solve issues of todays need. Bhuj city is in extreme climate (hot and dry) and having site in Bhuj itself will increase possibilities of exploration and challenges while designing.
46
Ravalwadi became one of the most important relocation site after earthquake in 2001. People who lost their homes in earthquake are relocated here. Majority there are low and medium income group people are living here today and in present Bhuj urban development Authority is also proposing LIG, MIG and EWS housing in Ravalwadi.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
4.2 Programme Development A. Basic information about bylaws and site
(data authentication: Bhuj Urban Development Authority, BHADA, GDCR CH.15, pg no.- 82)
Total site area 20,000sqm Maximum permissible density 200 dwellings per hector Maximum no. of stories G+1 only Maximum Floor Space Index (FSI) permissible 1.2 Total no. of dwellings 300 (150 dwellings/hector) Total population 1200 (taking avg. 4 persons per Unit)
B. Unit Typology
(area of each type is based on inferences from case studies)
There are Two types of housing both having incremental possibilities. Type Detail
CarpetArea
1 1 - A 1 - B 1 - C 1 - D
35m2 40m2 45m2 50m2
House with internal court, verandah and storage Incremental Posibilities Living room with one bed, Kitchen and Toilet Living room with one bed, Kitchen, Workarea and Toilet Living room with two bed, Kitchen and Toilet Living room with two bed, Kitchen, Workarea and Toilet
2
House with front open space and verandah Incremental Posibilities 2 - A Living room with one bed, Kitchen and Toilet 2 - B Living room with two bed, Kitchen and Toilet
30m2 40m2
NOTE: + or – 10 to 15 Units are allowed in no of Unit according to design decision.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
47
4.3 Site and Context 4.3.1 Site study Site is located near Juni rawalwadi area. where new Bhuj are developing today. Adjucent to site there is a Kodki road which is direct connection to the centre of the bhuj city. Every ring road conncet to this road so it is very easy to go anywhere in the city from this point.
Ramdevnagar slum area
Ravalwadi slum area
Fig.108 Here is a diagrame showing connection of the site with the centre of the city as well as main transportation places like railway station and Bus station.
48
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.109 Land use map of site and surrounding. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
49
Site Section As we can see in the section explained below othe side of the road is now developing for MIG housing. Kodki main road goes directly towards the centre of the
city. other side of the road has slum settelments called Ravalwadi slum area. Adjucent to the site there is a huge playground.
Fig.110 Section of site showing context and slope of the site.
Section aa’
50
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
1
2
Fig.111 Kodki main road.
3
4
Fig.115 Looking towards the site, from the ground
Fig.112 Open ground where children play.
overlooking settelments.
5
a
Fig.113 Electrical line going from the north side of the site.
1
5 3
2 4
7 9
Fig.114 Secondary road going towards the city, 12m
wide.
6
7
Fig.116 Settelments near site located in Ravalwadi
slum area.
6
8 a’ 8
Fig.117 Shop located on the secondary road.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
9
Fig.118 Street of adjucent slum area
Fig.119 Secondary road going towards city.
51
Contour Plan Level difference between highest and lowest contours is 1.5 m in site area.
Connectivity of site Site has connection with the major road that is kodki main road. Which directly connects with the other ring roads and also to the city centre.
Fig.120 Highest point is located on south-east side and lowest point is located on north-wast Fig.121 On the west side of the side there is a secondary road which connects to the Kodki part of site. main road. Site has good connectivity with city.
52
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Vegetation Climate Very less trees grows in this region. All we can see in vegetation is only Bhuj comes in Hot and dry region. Its annual rainfall is below 40cm “Bavad” trees which is wild trees that grow in all the region of gujarat. based on climatic data of gujarat.
Fig.122 Map showing vegetation in site and surrounding.(Mostly ‘Bavad’ trees)
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.123 Major wind direction is south-west to north-east. Rain water gets collected on the lower level of site which is on north-west direction.
53
4.3.2 Context study Choosen site is located near Ravalwadi slum area which are one of the slum area of Bhuj city. Near to site there is one more slum area called Ramdevnagar slum. Here is a study of Ramdevnagar slum area which is very near to proposed site. Total area of Ramdevnagar is 1.83 hector. Population density is 285 per hector which is very less in comparison to other city areas. Out of 523 population of 109 househods, 50.4% houses are permanent. These permanent houses are made of concrete blocks and cement, Remaining (49.6%) houses are temporary, these houses are hut type made up of plastic sheets.
17% Semi-permanent
54
Ramdevnagar slum area
SITE Raval wadi slum area
Most of the people need permanent house and most of the families reside in 1 room house which is not enough for family size of 5 persons. Infrastuctural facility is the main problem of Ramdevnagar and Ravalwadi slum area,
1 room + kitchen 9%
Huts 20%
Temporary 13%
Fig.124 Two major slums, Ramdevnagar and Ravalwadi are located near site.
50% Permanent
1 room + kitchen with WC 34%
2 rooms + kitchen 1%
1 room only 50%
People residing there are related with occupations based on labour work and hardworking such as working in factories, having small scale business such as carpentary, shoe making, pottery and many other.
ARTICLE : A STUDY ON AVAILABILITY OF BASIC CIVIC FACILITIES IN URBAN SLUM AREA OF BHUJ, GUJARAT, INDIA BY Bipin Prajapati, Kavita Benker, K N Sonalia, Nitiben Talsania, Siddharth Mukherjee, K N Trivedi National Journal of Community Medicine Vol 2 Issue 3 Oct-Dec 2011, Page 384 Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
4.3 Conceptuals and Design development Conceptuals started with designing house typology and taking parameters in mind which were in traditional housing of Bidada village. concepts has to deal with present issues which slum dwellers have today and which we have looked into it before. so first thing is how to utilize the site area properly. so started with bubble diagrame for site planning.
6m setback from road
On the south side of the site there are slum settelments. so concept started with giving amenities to all the people of nearby slum and housing also. so built up started around the open area and created two axis connection secondary road.
Built Built
Built
Open& Amenities
Fig.125 Bubble diagram showing site layout planning. Giving open area and amenities to slum dwellers too. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
55
CONCEPT 1 This concept was very basic. It was a first idea that came. First of all i designed a single unit that was very simple. In layout every units are in staggering position creating street like character but i could not achieve enough density by this placement of units. Even the scale of streets were also huge not giving sense of the street.
Unit has a vault roof for climatic reasons and it has water channel on both side to collect rain water. It has a wooden louvers on the top part of room to let hot air out like a clerestory window. Vault roof has reflective layer to reflect most of the heat.
Fig.128 Functional arrangement of a unit.
Fig.127 Section of details of a single unit showing details of roof and ventilation system.
Fig.126 Staggering of Units gives proper cross ventilation.
Fig.129 Layout planning creating streets and small open spaces in between the street. From this layout design we could not achive anough density having limit of G+1 only
56
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
CONCEPT 2
Fig.130 Layout planning of different type of units forming different scale of open spaces.
Fig.131 sketch of a single unit in a cluster showing doorstep open space.
L-shaped units forming cluster and neighbourhood open spaces. Having L-shaped unit creates doorstep open space or court in front. In this layout, we could not get a sense of street. Units are creating different open space so there is a heirarchy of open spaces but because of huge open spaces we could not achieve enough density as well.
Fig.133 Formation of units making cluster and neighbourhood open space. Fig.132 Design of layout showing clusters of unit making different sizes of open space. Here we are getting more open spaces while the sense of street is gone. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
57
CONCEPT 3 Started designing with the notion of street character. streets are placed in wind direction that is south-west to north-east. Open space and amenities are placed in centre. Units are staggered and incremental to give dynemic character to streets. In between two blocks there is an interactive open space with no disturbance of vehicular movement. Here we could achieve 300 dwelling units with 10-12 shops.
Fig.137 Section of a typical cluster showing character of street. Rainwater collection Earthen plates Fig.136 Layout showing placement of streets and open space. Fig.138 Use of earthen plates on the roof as a thermal insulation to reduce heat and promot local skills.
Fig.134 Street in wind direction as we have seen in Bidada village.
Fig.135 Placement of unit getting wind from street.
58
Fig.139 This layout design gives a character of a street and also reduces waste of land. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Street is not linear it is continously changing width and height also incremental approch of unit gives it dynemic character. Workarea opens up into secondary street giving wide space to work and easy access.
Courtyard - ‘aangan’ as like traditional houses this becomes important space for woman of houses. Steps are most interactive and social space similar to traditional houses.
Fig.140 Conceptual sketch showing every activities and live character of a street. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Open space is shared between two sides of the houses where people can interact, childrens can play and even woman can dry clothes.
59
05
Design Analysis
How the design has evolved taking understanding from traditional architecture keeping present issues and needs in mind. Analysis of design through the same layers of parameter as the case study analysis, thus stating the way in which have taken the learning/inferences from the case and how it is translated to fiinal design.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
61
While 4125m2 of total site area goes to roads and streets that is 21% of total site area.
6325m2 of total site area goes to roads and streets that is 31.25% of total site area.
Out of total site area that is 20000m2 Ground coverage is 9550m2 that is 47.75% of total site area.
Fig.141 Diagram showing Open vs. Buil, connectivity and open area of design.
62
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.142 Units are staggered to get cross ventilation .
Hot during daytime
Fig.143 Staggering seen in traditional village street is followed in design.
Fig.146 Street width are changing in design similar to traditional streets.
Fig.147 Traditional streets variation keeps it shaded all day.
Cools faster during night
Fig.144 Bedrooms are kept on the upper floor in traditional house for privacy and climate purposes.
Fig.145 Similar pattern is followed in design as traditional houses to get climatical benifits.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Fig.148 South wall has cladding of earthen plates and planter box with creepers to keep it shaded as much as possible.
63
Fig.149 Most interactive space designed with simple elements like plinths and steps similar to traditional architecture.
Fig.150 Social place in village street that is ‘delly’ entrance steps.
Fig.151 Entrance verandah or steps creates interactive place in street.
Fig.154 Use of earthen plates in slab for thermal insulation promots local skills. Fig.155 Use of terracota blocks as a ventilation element and grilled window promots local craftmanship and distribute economy.
Fig.152 Courtyard as a breathing space in traditional houses.
Fig.153 Design follows the similar character and scale of courtyard which can be seen in traditinal houses.
64
Fig.156 Use of earthen plates as cladding material gives climatic benifits and also promots local skills.
Fig.157 Typical windows and door used in traditional houses.
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
A glimpse of architectural practices in the past shows an efficient use of this sustainable design approach. Traditional architecture in any place, as observed today, is not the result of a one-time effort but is the culmination of hundreds of years of understanding in response to a particular situation through trial and error. This expression is more evident in areas with extreme conditions and meagre resources. It shows an understanding between man and nature. These shelters forms have an important attribute of making its inmates comfortable in extreme climatic conditions. Overall a harmonious balance between built form, climate and life style was achieved. Many examples of traditional planning and building methods were indeed good examples of sustainable architecture in their time, and represented good uses of local resources matched to local skills which combined produced a built environment which met people’s needs.
Fig.158 Diagrame showing relation of social, Fig.159 Harmony with nature. ecomical and environmental sustainability. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
65
Glossary Meaning in local language. ‘Aangan’ ‘Chowk’ ‘Delly’ ‘Faliyu’ ‘Gadkis’ ‘Karai’ ‘Osari’ ‘Rasodu’ ‘Sheri’
Entrance steps and plinth leading towards house. A place where three to four streets meet in village. Entrance steps and plinth leading towards house. Front open space. Stone niches at entrance of a house to keep lights. Bedroom. Living room of house in entrance. Kitchen. Street.
Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 2003.
vi
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Appendix - i Base drawings/illustrations
Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 2003. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
vii
Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 2003.
viii
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 2003. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
ix
Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 2003.
x
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
List of plates
Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Plate no 01 - Layout Plan
60 l 61
Plate no 02 - House Typology A
60 l 61
Plate no 03 - House Typology A
60 l 61
Plate no 04 - House Typology B
60 l 61
Plate no 05 - Cluster Plan
60 l 61
Plate no 06 - Cluster Sections
60 l 61
xi
Illustrations credit
Fig. 8 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 21 to 40 , 41 , BY AUTHOR 43 to 46 , 51 , 52 , 56 , 57 to 60 , 62 to 65 , 67 to 91 , 93 to 103 , 108 to 156
Fig. 14 . 16 Fig. 15 . 20
Fig. 5 . 19 . 42 . 47 to 50 . 53 . 55 . Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 61 . 66 . 92 . 104 to 107 , 157 2003.
Fig. 6 . 7 . 158 , 159
INTABU, New architecture and Urbanism Development of Indian Traditions, The Nabha Foundation, New delhi.
Fig. 1
UN-Habitat Housing Report, http:// www.habitat.org/asiapacific/Know_ more/poverty_housing_in_asia_ pacific_report.aspx, last accessed on 21st Aug 2012.
Fig. 2 . 34
xii
Fig. 9 . 10 . 11
Census 2011, http://censusindia.gov.in, Last accessed 10th Aug 2012 “Working with the Market: Approach to Reducing Urban Slums in India” http://indiancities.berkeley.edu/2011/ speaker_content/docs/Phatak-P_ Annez_A_Berataud_B_Patel_V_ PhatakWPS5475.pdf, Last accessed 21st Aug 2012 Urban Management Centre (UMC), WATER SANITATION SERVICES IN SLUMS OF GUJARAT Settlement Level Assessment, 2010-11 June 2012.
Annual Report 2010-11 of the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation GOI – National Housing Bank, Statistics on Demand for Housing in India, http://www. housingindia.info, Last accessed 10th Aug 2012 Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
Work cited [Last name,first name. book title.name of printing press and place of printing, year of printing, Print] Books: Udamale, Sanjay, Architecture for Kutchh, English edition, Mumbai, 2003. Tyabji, Azhar,Art, Architecture and History : Bhuj, Mapin Publishing, 2006. INTABU, New architecture and Urbanism Development of Indian Traditions, The Nabha Foundation, New delhi. Thesis: Das, Sonia, Sustainability of contemporary architecture of India, Unpublished Thesis, IPSA, Rajkot. 2010. Jain, Bhoomika, Traditional Built Form in context of Sustainability, Unpublished Thesis, IPSA, Rajkot, 2010. Articles: Bipin Prajapati, Kavita Benker, K N Sonalia, Nitiben Talsania, Siddharth Mukherjee, K N Trivedi, A Study on availability of basic civic facilities in Urban slum area of Bhuj, Gujarat, India, National Journal of Community Medicine Vol 2 Issue 3 Oct-Dec 2011, Page 384. Geeta Vaidyanathan and Shashtant Patara, The Basis For Sustainable Housing Responding To Cultural Needs (http://www.devalt.org/ newsletter/jan95/of_2.htm) Urban Management Centre (UMC), WATER SANITATION SERVICES IN SLUMS OF GUJARAT Settlement Level Assessment, 2010-11 June 2012. Reinterpreting understanding of traditional into contemporary architecture - Housing for Economically concerned people by Siddhant Bhatasana
xiii