Canada da sikh bhaichara atey kamagata maru saka dr harbhajan singh sekhon by Sikh Digital Library

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Dr Harbhajan Singh Sekhon 13130 69 Ave Surrey B.C. Canada V3WIR7 Phone 001-778-218-1432

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+91-161-2404979, 2404093 email: foil@vsnl.com www.foil printers Ludhiana.com.

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Dr Harbhajan Singh Sekhon 13130 69 Ave Surrey B.C. Canada V3WIR7 Phone 001-778-218-1432

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+91-161-2404979, 2404093 email: foil@vsnl.com www.foil printers Ludhiana.com.

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rcI hY[ kwmwgwtw mwrU duKWq qoN bwd gdr pwrtI lihr Aqy gdrI bwibAW dw ies duKWq qoN pRyrq ho ky jMgy-AwzwdI iv`c Swml hoxw bVy jIvMq FMg nwl pyS kIqw hY[ fwktr syKoN ny kYnyfw ivKy is`K BweIcwry v`loN sQwpq gurU GrW dw vI suMdr FMg nwl aulyK kIqw hY[ AKIr 'qy pMjwbI bolI Aqy is`K BweIcwry dI cVHq vI ibAwn kIqI hY[ mYƒ pRsMnqw hY ieh kwrj myry sihkrmI rhy fw. hrBjn isMG syKoN ny kIqw hY[ ieiqhws isrjxw Aqy qrk sMgq FMg nwl ausdI pySkwrI suXog klmW dw Drm huMdw hY[ cMgI g`l hY ik fw. syKoN ny ieh Drm krm bVI bwrIkI nwl inBwieAw hY[ ieiqhws dI punr ivAwiKAw krky kwmwgwtw mwrU dy 100 vrHy bwAd fw. syKoN ny swƒ Awpxy puriKAW nwl joiVAw hY[ ieh pusqk pRyrnw sRoq bx ky pMjwbI ipAwirAW ƒ AQwh pRyrnw dyvygI ieh myrI kwmnw hY[ mYN fw. syKoN ƒ mu`lvwn pusqk ilKx 'qy mubwrkbwd dyNdw hW[ fw. nC`qr isMG m`lHI vweIs cWslr gurU kwSI XUnIvristI qlvMfI swbo (biTMfw) imqI 8.1.2014

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(ii)

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(iii)

(iv)

(iii)

(iv)

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sI qy gurU Gr dy SrDwlU dUroN dUroN Aw ky nqmsqk huMdy sn[ Pyr ienHW gurU Gr sQwpq krn leI PMf iek`qrqw SurU kIqI pr gory lokW ny pihlI auswrI leI bVw v`fw ivroD kIqw[ aunI sO A`T iv`c ivroDqw ivru`D kwnUMnI ij`q pRwpq hoeI ijs krky gurU pMQ dy inSwn swihb (JMfy) JUlx l`gy[ bwAd iv`c ivrwsqI gurU Gr AYbtsPorf dI auswrI vyly ie`k ikRSmw hoieAw, auh ieh ik im`l dy mwlk gory ny gurU Gr dI auswrI leI swrI l`kV dwn v`joN id`qI Aqy im`l iv`c kMm kr rhy is`K SrDwlUAW ny swrw idn kMm krn mgroN syvw vjoN isrW jW moiFAW 'qy l`kV FoA ky ieh ieiqhwsk kwrj AwrMiBAw[ pihly gurU Gr dI auswrI hoeI, bwAd iv`c ies dy swmHxy bhuqI zmIn KRId ky v`fy guruU Gr dI auswrI kIqI geI[ A`j AsIN dyKdy hW ik ies Sihr iv`c cwr v`fy gurU Gr hn Aqy kYnyfw hI nhIN dunIAW dy hr ih`sy ij`Qy nwnk nwm lyvw rihMdy hn, gurU GrW dy drbwr ibrwjmwn hn[ ienHW gurU GrW iv`c ij`Qy hr smyN gurbwxI, kQw, kIrqn, kvISrI, FwfI klw dw gwien huMdw hY au~Qy ivAwh SwdIAW, KuSI, gmI dy Bog pwey jWdy hn[ ies qoN ielwvw pMjwbI sMgIq iv`idAw , g`qkw Awid dIAW klwsW cldIAW hn[ pMjwbI swihq sBwvW dIAW mIitMgW ie`Qy huMdIAW hn, KUn dwn kYNp , bImwrIAW dI rokQwm dy tIky Awid dIAW shUlqW ienHW GrW iv`c aupl`Bd hn[ gurU dy lMgr hr QW, hr vkq cldy hn, ijs dw AwnMd hr kOm dw bMdw mwxdw hY[ jy gurU Gr nw hox qW swfy bzurgW dI ijMdgI grk skdI hY pr eyQy auh Awpxw du`K su`K sWJw kr ky mwnisk qy srIrk qMdrusqI mwxdy hn[ swrIAW hI pMjwbI AKbwrW gurU GrW iv`c mu&q auplBd huMdIAW hn[ s`qvyN kWf iv`c pMjwb, pMjwbI Aqy pMjwbIAq dw vrxn hY[ pMjwbI bolI, swihq, s`iBAwcwr dw bhuBWqI rlyvW, pMjwbIAW dIAW s^q imhnqW dy ikRSmy, kYnyfI AwriQkqw leI pMjwbIAW dw Xogdwn, kYnyfIAn &Oj Aqy pulIs iv`c pMjwbIAW dy ruqby Aqy mwry mwArky, isAwsq iv`c rol Awid dI lMmI lVI dw ibAwn hY[ AMq iv`c mYN khWgw ik ies pusqk dy ilKwrI dI ivSw cox Aqy inBwA qy bhuq hI mzbUq pkV hY[ pusqk iv`c 1904 qoN A`j (vi)

q`k dy eyQoN dy jIvn dI SbdW rwhIN PotogRwPI kIqI hY[ bolI TyT, muhwvrydwr qy mwlvy dw rMg r`KdI hY[ smu`cy qOr qy khWgw ik ivSy Aqy AwSy p`KoN ieh pusqk Al`g Aqy ivl`Kx sQwn rKdI hY[ ilKwrI dI phuMc qrkvwdI Aqy swieMtyiPk hY[ fwktr syKoN jI ny s`q pusqkW ilK ky pMjwbI swihq dy Kzwny iv`c vDIAw ih`sw pwieAw hY[ prmwqmw A`gy Ardws hY ik ienHW nUM hor ilKx dw bl bKSy Aqy hor nvyklw ivSw lY ky pwTkW dy rU-brU hox[ DMnvwid swihq surjIq isMG swbkw muKI pMjwbI ivBwg gurU nwnk nYSnl kwlj, nkodr (ijlHw jlMDr)

(vii)

BUimkw A`j dy ivigAwnk Xu`g AMdr mnu`K prmwqmw dI b^SI Akl nwl aun`qI dy ^yqr iv`c v`fIAW aulwGW pùt irhw hY[ ivigAwn dIAW nvIAW kwFW ny srb ivAwpI sMswr dIAW dUrIAW nUM bhuq nyVy kr id`qw hY[ swlW b`DI s&r nUM GMitAW iv`c qbdIl kr id`qw hY Aqy &on Awid rwhIN GMitAW ip`CoN suxn vwlI g`l nUM sikMtW 'c bdl id`qw hY[ ies aun`qI kwrn vpwr idno idn vD irhw hY Aqy cwry pwsy pdwrQvwd dw bol bwlw hY[ pdwrQvwd dI iK`c prvws nUM jnm idMdI hY[ prvws Awm krky grIbI, byruzgwrI, srkwrI nIqIAW, kwl, hVHW jW Xu`D Awid dy kwrn huMdw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw bMdy dy mn dI bwhr jwx pRqI iK`c jW soc vI prvws dw kwrn bx jWdI hY[ prmjIq isMG j`j ny ies nUM 'D`k Aqy iK`c' dw isDWq iliKAw hY[ keI vwr cMgI izMdgI ibqwauxw, aucyrI is~iKAw hwsl krnw Aqy bìcAW dy au~jl Biv`K leI vI bMdw prvws krdw hY[ prvws dy ieiqhwskwrW ny keI pVwA mMny hn, ijvyN ik Awpxy Awp bMdy dw jwxw, iPr iesqrI nUM rwhdwrI Byj ky mMgw lYxw, mW-bwp dw prvws, mW-bwp dy nwl nbwlg bìcAW dw jwxw, koiSS krky irSqydwrW nUM mMgwauxw Awid[ pMjwb dI sìBAqw bVI purwqn, gOrvmeI Aqy ivsmwdI hY[ ies dI DrqI aupjwaU hox krky AMndwqI hY[ gurU ikRpw sdkw is`K Drm dy hoNd iv`c Awaux kwrx ies DrqI dy lok bhuq a~udmI, imhnqI Aqy ihMmqI hn[ ies DrqI ny kyvl CYl-CbIly, bhwdr Aqy AxKI XoDy hI pYdw nhIN kIqy sgoN AiDAwqmk bl vwly pIr, &kIr Aqy mhWpurK vI pYdw kIqy hn[ Asl iv`c pMjwb gurUAW, BgqW, irSIAW, munIAW Aqy &kIrW dI DrqI hY[ ihMdusqwn dI ieh KVg Bujw hox krky bwhrI hmilAW kwrn sB qoN v`D nukswn pMjwb dw hI hoieAw hY[pr gurmiq iPlws&I ny ieQoN dI lukweI nUM AYsI cVHdI klw dw sbk isKwieAw ik jrvwixAW dy mUMh ienHW ny burI qrHW BMny[ pRo&Ysr pUrn isMG ny pMjwb dy g`BrUAW bwry ieMJ ibAwn kIqw hY: (viii)

ieh bypRvwh pMjwb, dy mOq nUM mKOlW krn[ mrn QIN nhIN frdy, jwn koh AwpxI vwr dyNdy [ pr tYN nw mMnx iksy dI, Klo jwx fwgW moFy qy aulwr ky[ AKVKWd Albyly, Dur QIN siqgurW dy, Awzwd kIqy ieh bMdy[ pMjwb nw ihMdU, nw muslmwn, pMjwb swrw jINdw gurW dy nW qy[ Syry-ie-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy is`K rwj 'qy 1949 iv`c brqwnIAW srkwr kwbj ho geI[ pr AMgryzW ny is`KW dI DWk, bhwdrI hOsly Aqy AxK nUM q`k dUjIAW kOmW dy mukwbly ienHW nUM AwpxI &Oj AMdr v`fI igxqI iv`c BrqI kIqw[ is`K &OjIAW dI v`KrI id`K, Swn-SOkq Aqy AxoKy ikRSimAW nUM q`k ienHW nUM ieMglYNf Aqy kYnyfw iv`c AwXoijq kIqy ^ws srkwrI smwgmW 'qy iljwieAw igAw Aqy dUr-durwfy ielwikAW dI sYr vI krvweI[ kYnyfw dIAW suMdr, sw&-suQrIAW, hrIAW-BrIAW Aqy mnmohk husIn vwdIAW dyK is`K &OjIAW dy mnW AMdr AYsIAW QwvW qy rihx leI v`fI iK`c pYdw hoeI jo prvwsI hox dw kwrn bx geI[ ienHW is`K &OjIAW nUM ieh jwxkwrI vI imlI ik kYnf y w AwvwsIAW dw mulk hY[ ieQoN dI srkwr dyS dI aun`qI leI AKbwrW iv`c ieSiqhwr dy ky AwvwsIAW nUM auqSwhq kr rhI hY Aqy rihx leI kw&I shUlqW vI pRdwn krdI hY[ srkwr nUM sony dIAW KwxW , ryl ptVIAW Aqy hor DwqW k`Fx leI mzdUrW dI loV hY[ ies qoN ielwvW l`kV dIAW im`lW vwilAW nUM vI kwimAW dI loV hY Aqy KyqIbwVI dy DMdy nUM vI qrzIh id`qI jw rhI hY[ ipClIAW Cy sdIAW qoN bwhrI hmilAW kwrn Aqy brqwnIAW swmrwj dIAW lu`t-Ksu`t nIqIAW kwrn pMjwb dy is`KW dI mwlI hwlq bhuq kmzor ho cu`kI sI[ KyqIbwVI vrKw 'qy inrBr hox kr ky &slW dI pYdwvwr G`t sI[ keI vwr gVymwrI kwrn qy kwl pYx krky &sl qbwh ho jWdI sI Aqy pwieAw bIj vI nhIN sI muVdw, au~proN srkwrI mwmly dI AdwiegI kwrn jIvn inrbwh bhuq qMgI iv`c sI[ SwhUkwrW v`loN krjy dI ivAwj dr bhuqI hox kwrn izmIdwr krzy hyT d`by hoey sI[ g`l kI grIbI ny lukweI nUM Awpxy pMjy 'c jkiVAw hoieAw sI[ iesy kwrn hI is`K brqwnvI &Oj 'c (ix)

BrqI huMdy sn[ is`KW dI AwbwdI BwvyN 1.5 pRqISq hI sI pr ienHW dI bhwdrI, swhs Aqy AxK nUM dyK AMgryz srkwr ny is`KW leI 25 pRqISq &OjI BrqI r`KI hoeI sI[ AMkiVAW Anuswr AYNglo-A&gwn dIAW lVweIAW, dunIAW dI pihlI Aqy dUjI jMg AMdr 90 hjwr qoN vI v`D ihMdusqwn &OjI ShId hoey[ sMn 1868 iv`c bhwdrI bdly 23 is`K pwienIArz dy &OjIAW nUM AMgryz hkUmq ny brqwnIAW swmrwj dI KVg Bujw' (Sword Arm of the British Empire) dw iKqwb id`qw[ kwzImI AlI ny AwpxI pusqk dy mu`K bMd 'c iliKAw hY ik ihMdusqwn dy &OjIAW dI bhwdrI nUM q`k ky Aqy brqwnIAW hkUmq ny aunHW dI kurbwnI nUM mu`K r`K ky ie`k bhuq hI suMdr Xwdgwr 'Indian Gate' (ieMfIAn gyt) bxvwieAw ijhVw A`j vI nvIN id`lI iv`c rwStrpqI Bvn kol siQ`q hY[ ies jgHw nUM pihlW King's Way (ikMgz vyA) kihMdy sn[ A`j klH ies nUM 'rwj pQ' kihMdy hn[

brwqnIAW hkUmq ie`k pwsy qW is`K &OjIAW nUM bVw slwhMudI sI[pr kYnyfw ivKy auhI srkwr is`KW 'qy bwgI suBwau vwly Aqy lVwkU hox dy ielzwm lgw rhI sI[ Bwv hwQI dy dMd Kwx nUM hor Aqy idKwaux nUM hor vwlI kwrvweI sI[ c`kr swrw nslI ivqkry, nslI rMg Aqy n&rq dw sI[ gory lok ies dyS nUM kyvl qy kyvl goirAW dw sQwn hI bxweI r`Kxw cwhuMdy sn[ sMn 1908 iv`c bwdSwh ivilAm lIAOn mkrYNzI ny brqwnIAW dy AiDkwrIAW nUM AwpxI ie`k rIport iv`c hdwieq id`qI ik kYnyfw nUM mYN nYiqk Aqy rwjnIiqk qOr qy goirAW dw dyS hI dyKxw cwhuMdw hW[ jo kuJ aus ny h`QIN iliKAw aus dy Sbd sn: The Canada must remain a white man's country, is seen necessary on moral and political grounds. (William Lyon Macrenzie King quoting British authorities in his report on his mission to England, 1908).

kYnyfw ivKy prvws krn Awey pMjwbIAW ijnHW iv`c bhuqy syvw mukq hoey is`K &OjI sn 'qy 1914 iv`c v`fw duKWq vwpirAw ijs nUM 'kwmwgwtw mwrU swky' nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ ieh phuMcy qW ie`Qy rozI-rotI ^wqr sn qWik grIbI nUM gloN lwihAw jw sky[ ie`Qy phuMcx leI ikrwey Aqy rsqy dy ^rc leI ienHW pYsy mMg-qMg ky iek`Ty kIqy jW SwhUkwrW qoN ivAwj 'qy ley sn[ qkrIbn jdoN do mhIny ip`CoN hWgkWg qoN ienW dw jhwz 22 meI 1914 nUM vYnkUvr bMdrgwh 'qy brwf nyVy p`uijAw qW ie`k mIl dUrI 'qy hI fUMGy pwxI iv`c iemIgRySn AiDkwrIAW ny rok id`qw[ do mhIny ip`CoN jbrdsqI Aqy D`kw vrq ky jhwz klk`qw dI bMdrgwh nyVy bj bj Gwt qy lwaux dw hukm kIqw[ vkIl dI dlIl muqwbk ieh sB kuJ ie`k igxI imQI swizS ADIn qy kwnUMn dI aulMGxw krky kIqw igAw[ jhwz dy musw&rW nwl Axmnu`KI ivhwr kIqw igAw[ aunHW leI jhwz AMdr rwSn pwxI jwx qy vI rok lgw id`qI Aqy pulIs hiQAwr musw&rW v`l syD ky hr roz frwauNdI DmkwauNdI rhI[ srkwr ny kYnyfw dy SihrIAW nUM auksw ky iehnW dy dwKly dy ivroD iv`c mujwhry vI krvwey[

pMjwbI iv`c khwvq hY ik ku`qy dw ku`qw vYrI ikauNik ku`qw ijs jgHw jW glI 'c rihMdw hY au~Qy dUjy nUM vVn nhIN idMdw[ ies kwmwgwtw mwrU swky iv`c mwno bMdw bMdy dw vYrI bx igAw[ D`kySwhI jhwz nUM brMg moVn 'qy hI ^qm nhIN hoeI[ bj bj Gwt au~pr SWqmeI Aqy inh`Qy musw&rW 'qy golI clw ky ihMdusqwn dI brqwnIAW hkUmq dy AiDkwrIAW ny bhuq swry mOq dy Gwt auqwr id`qy Aqy bwkIAW nUM pkV ky aunHW qy q`Sdd FwihAw[

(x)

(xi)

Asl iv`c suAwrQI dI zmIr ikrqwrQI A`gy kdy nhIN JukdI Aqy nw hI auh aus nUM suxnw jW vyKxw cwhuMdw hY[ suAwrQI qdbIr GVdw hY ikrqwrQI (ikrqI) dI Awvwz nUM bMd krn dI pr ikrqwrQI dI zmIr kOm dI qkdIr nUM bulMd krdI hY[ ies soc nUM mu`K r`K ky kwmwgwtw mwrU dy sUrbIrW ny ^qrw mu`l ilAw Aqy joKm auTwey[ joKm auTw ky s`c Aqy inAW ^wqr lVnw bhwdrI dI inSwnI hY[ jd ik frnw mUrKqw Aqy inrwdrI vwlw kMm hY[ srdwr bhwdr srdwr gurid`q isMG qoN jdoN pu`iCAw igAw ik qUM ieh glq kMm ikauN kIqw? aus ny au~qr iv`c ikhw, "ieh kMm mYN Awaux vwlIAW pIVIHAW leI kYnyfw AMdr dwKly nUM mu`K r`K ky kIqw hY”[

(x)

(xi)

aunIH idnI AmrIkw iv`c gdr lihr jor PVH geI sI[ kwmwgwtw mwrU dy duKWq ny dyS dI AwzwdI leI Gol kr rhy gdrIAW dy idlW AMdr bldI A`g 'qy qyl pwaux vwlw kMm kIqw[ 'gdr dI gUMj' A^bwr iv`c kOmI prvwinAW ny kivqwvW rwhIN ieh sMdyS id`qw:

is`DW kIqIAW AsW ny dyS v`lIN, clky mulk AMdr fyrw lw idAWgy[ cu`p cwp nhIN bYTdy vyK lYxW, Aw&q koeI nw koeI ilAw idAWgy[…. au~To ihMdIau! iqAwr br iqAwr ho jwau, AsIN AwpxI ifaUtI vjw idAWgy[ duKI imtx vwly nhIN dwg swfy, k`Fy Sbd zbwno inBw idAWgy[ AYsy hwlwq dyK bcnW dy pUry AxKI sUry Aqy kOm dy nUry gdrI bwby kYnyfw qoN jw ky dyS dI AwzwdI leI jUJy[ Bwrq dy gdrIAW nwl moFy nwl moFw joV ik c`ly Aqy AYsw gdr mcwieAw ik AKIr goirAW nUM AwzwdI dw AYlwn krnw ipAw[ sMn 1914 qoN 1947 drimAwn 93 is`KW nUM PWsI dy r`sy 'qy tMigAw igAw, AnykW nUM kwly pwxI dI jylH 'c f`ikAw, ij`QoN koeI mW dw lwl Aqy krmW dw blI hI bc ky AwieAw[ BWvyN AnykW ilKwrIAW ny ies sMbD M 'c ikqwbW pRkwSq kIqIAW, rswly, AKbwrW Awid iv`c lyK vrnx kIqy hn pr Pyr vI v`fI igxqI iv`c lok aunHW XoiDAW dI kQnI, krnI, kIrqI Aqy kurbwnI qoN Axjwx hn[ dUjI g`l ieh hY ik ieh swky ie`k sdI pihlW vwpry hn[ gdr lihr ApRYl 1913 iv`c SurU hoeI sI[ sMn 2013 iv`c dunIAW dy v`K v`K SihrW, ksibAW Awid AMdr v`fy smwgm rcw ky gdrI bwibAW nUM Xwd kIqw igAw Aqy aunHW dI soc 'qy Pu`l cVHwey[ Agly swl meI 2014 iv`c kwmwgwtw mwrU swky bIqy nUM pUry sO swl ho jwxy hn[ ies sMbMD iv`c bhuq swrIAW kmytIAW v`loN ies swky nUM mnwaux leI v`fI p`Dr 'qy iqAwrIAW kIqIAW jw rhIAW hn[ dws nUM vI Purnw PuirAw ik kOm dy aunHW mhwn hIirAW Aqy hIroAW dI (xii)

Xwd iv`c iliKAw jwvy ijnHW dI kIqI mhwn Gwlxw sdkw A`j v`fI igxqI iv`c pMjwbI, is`K Aqy Bwrq dy hor pRWqW qoN lok ieQy Aw ky vsy hoey hn[ dws dI soc Anuswr aunHW puriKAW dI gwQw nUM ies ikqwb rwhIN pwTkW q`k phuMcwauxw ie`k s`cI-su`cI SrDwjlI hovygI[ dws pRo&Ysr surjIq isMG, swbkw mu`KI (pMjwbI ivBwg) gurU nwnk nYSnl kwlj, nkodr (jlMDr) dw mhwn irxI hY ijnHW ies pusqk dy KrVy ƒ bhuq hI bwrIkI nwl pVH ky mu`K bMd iliKAw hY[ mYN bhuq hI siqkwr Xog fwktr nC`qr isMG m`lHI, vweIs cWslr gurU kWSI XUnIvristI, qlvMfI swbo (biTMfw) dw Aiq Sukr-guzwr hW Aqy nwl hI srdwr gurBjn isMG ig`l, pRDwn pMjwb swihq AkYfmI, pMjwbI Bvn luiDAwxw dw AqI DMnvwdI hW ijnHW Awpxy kImqI smyN 'coN tweIm k`F ky ies KrVy ƒ piVHAw Aqy Awpxy ivcwr id`qy[ dws AwpxI supqnI srdwrnI rwijMdr pwl kOr syKoN dw vI AqI DMnvwdI hY ijs ny GrylU kMm dy bwvzUd smW k`F ky swry iviSAW ƒ pVH ky soDW kIqIAW[ sRImqI srlw dyvI dw vI dws DMnvwdI hY ijs ny ies ikqwb dy KrVy ƒ tweIp kIqw[ bwr bwr pVHn auprMq vI glqIAW rih jWdIAw hn dws aunHW pRqI pwTkW qoN muAwPI cwhuMdw hY[ dws ny Awm bolI jwx vwlI TyT pMjwbI dy srl SbdW iv`c hr ivSy ƒ ibAwnx dI koiSS kIqI hY qWik hr pwTk pVH ky AnMd mwxy[ aumId hY pwTk ies pusqk ƒ pVH ky ieiqhws qoN jwxU hoxgy Aqy ies iv`c id`qw igAwn A`gy vMfxgy[ hrBjn isMG syKoN (rItwierf) swbkw pRoPYsr qy ieMcrwj dwl sYkSn, pMjwb KyqIbwVI XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw imqI: 11.2.2014

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1 kYnyfw sMbMDI sMKyp Jwq kYnyfw AmrIkw dy au~qr iv`c ^yqr&l v`joN dunIAW Br iv`c dUjw v`fw dyS hY[ ies dw au~qrI Bwg ie`k pwsy AMD mhW swgr qoN prSWq mhW swgr q`k PYilAw hoieAw hY jd ik dUjw pwsw au~qrI Druv swgr nwl jw lgdw hY[ ies dw ku`l rkbw 3855775 vrg mIl hY jo Bwrq dy ku`l rkby (1125000 vrg mIl) qoN iqMn guxW qoN vI v`D hY[ ies dI AwbwdI 2011 iv`c kyvl 3.45 kroV sI pr Bwrq dI AbwdI 121 kroV sI[ kYnyfw sMswr AMdr rihx leI sB qoN vDIAw QwvW iv`coN ie`k smiJAw jWdw hY[ ies dw smwj mhq`v pUrn mnu`KI kdrW kImqW Aqy rvwieqW 'qy AwDwrq hY[ ies iv`c s`iBAwcwrI Byd, smwnqw, AwzwdI Aqy pRgtwE dw siqkwr Swml hY[ hr nwgirk nUM ieh ijmyNvwrI id`qI hoeI hY ik auh kYnyfw dIAW kdrW kImqW dI ie`zq kry[ kYnyfw dw smwj AOrq nUM AwdmI dy brwbr h`k pRdwn krdw hY[ ie`Qy AiDkwrW nwloN Prz BwrU hn[ BwvyN ie`Qy bhu-nslI Aqy bhu-BwSI lok rihMdy hn pr eyky dw v`fw pRgtwvw hY[

ieiqhws ieiqhwsk q`QW Anuswr kYnyfw dy Awid vwsI eySIAw qoN Awey sn[ ieh lok bhuq s`iBAk sn, ikauNik ieh Drm iv`c p`ky, r`b nUM mMnx vwly, Awps iv`c cMgy sMbMD r`Kx vwly, kudrq nwl juVy hoey Aqy cu&yry nUM sw&-suQrw r`Kx vwly sn[ iehnW dw rihx-sihx swdw sI, ihrdy SWq, loB rihq Aqy icMqw rihq sn[ Kwxw-dwxw m`CI, jwnvr, Pl jW jVHIN-bUtIAW sn[ iezq mwx ^wqr lVweI JgVy zrUr sn[ A`q dI srdI kwrn jIvn AOkVW BirAw sI[ m`CIAW dI qjwrq ienHW dw mu`K ik`qw sI[ ies qoN ielwvw jwnvrW dI Pr dw vpwr vI huMdw sI[ kYnyfw dI DrqI v`l 1487 eIsvI nUM ieMglYNf dy bwdSwh hYnrI s`qvyN ny ietlI dy mlwh jOhn kwbot nUM byVw dy ky qoirAw[ auh 24 jUn 1487 nUM bVIAW muSklW J`ldw hoieAw kYnyfw ivKy kYpbrItn (1)

AweIlYNf Aqy inaU PwaUNflYNf pu`ijAw[ ies ny ie`Qy phuMc ky ies jgHw dw nkSw iqAwr kIqw[ iesy qrWH PrWs dy bwdSwh ny ie`k PrWsIsI mlwh jyks kwrtIAr nUM au~qr–p`Cm qoN eySIAw dw rwh l`Bx leI qoirAw[ auh 10 jUn 1536 nUM syNt lwrMs pu`j igAw[ iPr mWtrIAl pu`j ky aus ny kuJ JONpVIAW dyKIAW jo ie`k ipMf dy inAweIN sn[ aus ny ies jgHw nUM 'kYnwtw' iliKAw ikauNik sB qoN pihlW ijhVy do bMdy kwrtIAr nUM imly aunHW AwpxI bolI ierOkIAn iv`c kYnwtw dw Bwv 'ipMf' nUM AwiKAw[ pr 1550 dy nkiSAW iv`c ies DrqI dw nW 'kYnyfw' iliKAw hoieAw hY[ kwrtIAr ny lwrMs dirAw nUM kYnyfw dw dirAw iliKAw hY[ sMn 1616 q`k ies nUM 'nvW PrWs' vI kihMdy sn[ PrWsIsIAW ny 1604 iv`c PlorIfw dy au~qr iv`c pihlI bMdrgwh St. Croix Island sQwpq kIqI[ ies nUM aunHW myn (Main) AwiKAw[ pr ip`CoN ies dw nW bdl ky port-ruAwiel (Port-Royal) r`K id`qw[ A`j kl ies nUM novwskoSIAw kihMdy hn[ iPr 1608 iv`c ienHW kYNplyn (Champlain) nwmI iklHw auswirAw ijhVw ikaUbk Sihr iv`c hY[ qkrIbn ie`k sdI PrwsIsIAW Aqy AwidvwsIAW 'c KVkdI rhI Aqy 1701 iv`c SWqI dw mwhOl bixAw[ kuJ smW bwAd ies iK`qy 'qy kbzy leI ieMglYNf Aqy PrWsIsIAW ivckwr jMg SurU ho geI[ lokqMqr dw bolbwlw pihlI vwr novw skoSIAw iv`c 1758 iv`c hoieAw[ sMn 1791 iv`c sMivDwnk kwnUMnW Anuswr ikaUbk nUM Apr kYnf y w (AONtwrIau) Aqy loAr kYnf y w (ikaUbk) iv`c vMf id`qw[ Apr kYnyfw dI mu`K bolI AMgryzI Aqy loAr kYnyfw dI PrYNc sI[ pr 1801 iv`c, Apr Aqy loAr ih`sy iPr iek`Ty ho gey[ 13 jUn 1792 nUM do ikSqIAW rwhIN kYptn jwrj vYnkUvr lwien gyt (Lion Gate) 'qy dwKl hoieAw ijs nUM vYnkUvr hwrbr kihMdy hn[

igxqI iv`c lok ie`Qy phuMcy[ ienHW ny AwpxI qwkq vrq ky pihlI kOm vwilAW nUM gulwm bxw ilAw[ AmrIkw iv`c vI eySIAw, A&rIkw Awid mulkW qoN Awey bMidAW nUM gulwm bxw ky kMm krwey jWdy sn[ pr jdoN 1833 iv`c 'gulwm pRQw' kwnUMn rwhIN brqwnIAW dI pwrlImYNt ny ieh ^qm kIqI qW hzwrW hI gulwm AmrIkw qoN Aw ky kYnyfw iv`c vs gey[ cYNg qweIN PYNg dI pusqk jo aus ny 1931 iv`c ilKI iv`c AMikq hY ik swl 1958 iv`c kYloPornIAW (AmrIkw) qoN Awaux vwilAW iv`c bhuqy cInI lok sn[ ie`Qy Aw ky Kws kr biritS kolb M IAw (bI.sI.) iv`c ieh rylvy ptVIAW ivCwaux Aqy sonw k`Fx vwlIAW KwxW iv`c mzdUrI krn l`g pey[ kMpnIAW vwly vI goirAW nwloN ienHW nUM r`Kx leI pihl dyx l`g gey, ikauNik ie`k qW ienHW dI mzdUrI G`t sI Aqy dUjw ieh goirAW nwloN SWq suBwau vwly Aqy isrVI v`D sn[ cIinAW ip`CNo qkrIbn 1881 qoN jpwnI lok vI ie`Qy Awaux l`g pey[ kYnyfw srkwr ny dyS dI qr`kI Aqy kwrobwr dy vwDy leI hor dySW dy A^bwrW iv`c AwvwsI mzdUrW nUM mMgvwaux leI ieSiqhwr vI Cpvwey[ ie`Qy goirAW dI brqwnvI srkwr hox krky auh kyvl XUrpIn dySW ijvyN ieMglYNf, AwierlYNf, PrWs, bYljIAm, hwlYNf, jrmnI, fYnmwrk Awid dySW dy AwvwsIAW nUM hI vswauxw cwhuMdy sn, Bwv nslI ivqkrw zrUr sI[ iehnW dySW qoN Awaux vwilAW nUM mwlI m`dd vI id`qI jWdI sI[ fblXU jI sim`Q (1920) Anuswr ie`k AwdmI leI 3 fwlr, iesqrI leI 2 fwlr Aqy pRqI b`cw 1 fwlr[ ieM\ kYnyfw srkwr ny ienHW AwvwsIAW nUM vswaux leI 1898-1908 iv`c 6779832 fwlr Krcy[

nslI ivqkrw

kYnyfw nUM Aksr AwvsIAW dI DrqI AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ie`k mnOq Anuswr sB qoN pihlW eySIAw qoN lok ie`Qy Awey ijnHW nUM pihlI kOm AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ienHW qoN bwAd brqwnIAW Aqy PrWs qoN v`fI

kYnyfw nUM goirAW dw dyS bnwaux leI srkwrI qOr qy XUrpIn lokW nUM ie`Qy Awaux leI Dn vI id`qw jWdw sI[ pr 1887 iv`c jdoN cIn qoN 100 ku bMdy vYnkUvr dI bMdrgwh 'qy phuMcy qW ie`k hzwr qoN vI v`D goirAW ny aunHW ivru`D ros muzwhrw kIqw qWik auh kYnyfw AMdr dwKl nw ho skx[ auprMq cIinAW dy GrW dI BMn-qoV kIqI, aunHW dIAW dukwnW 'qy vI hmlw kIqw Aqy keIAW dI ku`t-mwr vI

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vMn-suvMnqw vwlI vsoN

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kYnyfw nUM Aksr AwvsIAW dI DrqI AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ie`k mnOq Anuswr sB qoN pihlW eySIAw qoN lok ie`Qy Awey ijnHW nUM pihlI kOm AwiKAw jWdw hY[ ienHW qoN bwAd brqwnIAW Aqy PrWs qoN v`fI

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vMn-suvMnqw vwlI vsoN

kIqI[ ies n&rq BrI kwrvweI 'qy srkwr v`loN ivKvwkwrIAW ivru`D kwnUMnI hrkq krn dI vjwey srkwr ny ie`k kwnUMn lwgU kr id`qw ijs nUM 'hY~f tYks' dw nW id`qw igAw (B`tI, 1980)[ Bwv hr cIny nUM kYnyfw 'c dwKl hox leI tYks dyxw pvygw[ kwzImI dI 2011 dI ilKq Anuswr pihlW ieh tYks pRqI jIA 50 fwlr sI Aqy iPr pMj swl ip`CoN 1900 iv`c 100 fwlr Aqy 1903 iv`c 500 fwlr kr id`qw[ kYnyfw srkwr ny 1901 qoN 1918 q`k 18 imlIAn fwlr tYks iek`qr kIqw[ dUjy pwsy iesy smyN dOrwn goirAW nUM kYnyfw Awaux leI 10 imlIAn Dn rwhq v`joN id`qw[ BwvyN ieh tYks l`gx kwrn cIinAW dI igxqI qW Gt geI, pr Awauxw bMd nw hoieAw[ pihlW pihl jpwnI ie`Qy G`t hI Awey pr cIinAW 'qy hY~f tYks l`gx kwrn iehnW dI igxqI vD geI[ goirAW ny cIny qy jpwnIAW nUM 'pIlw ^qrw' (Yellow peril) AwK ky jpwnIAW dw dwKlw vI pwrlImYNt iv`c ib`l ilAw ky 1907-08 iv`c bMd kr id`qw[ ies kwrvweI leI nnwiemo hlky dy pwrlImYNt mYNbr imstr rYl& sim`Q sn[ pIlw ^qrw iehnW nUM ies krky AwiKAw ik ienHW dy rMg pIly sn[ aus smyN dy kYnyfw dy mu`K mMqRI sr ivl&irf lorIAr ny vI Awpxy BwSxW iv`c nslI ivqkry nUM auBwirAw[ hor qW hor kYnyfw dy pRDwn mMqRI dy ibAwn vI nslI mwmly iv`c A`g qy qyl pwaux vwly sn, ijvyN ik : In 1891, Sir Johan A. Macdonald, the country's 1st Prime Minister declared, “A British subject I was born - a British subject I will die” and that attitude prevailed into the new century. Yet at this juncture Britain could ill afford Canada asserting its whiteness”. Bwv 1891 dy ibAwn iv`c kYnyfw dy pihly pRDwn mMqRI sr ey. mYkfwnlf ny cVHn vwlI nvIN sdI bwry ikhw ik myry mn dI mnoibrqI hY ik mYN brqwnIAW iv`c pYdw hoieAw hW Aqy brqwnIAW ^wqr hI mrnw hY[ ies prsiQqI iv`c brqwnIAW kYnyfw ivcly goirAW dy ivcwrW nUM glq nhIN kih skdw[

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ie`k kwnUMn dy pRo&Ysr dw ibAwn suxo: A law professor Andrey Maclin has pointed out, during this era, the doctrine of white racial superiority was an ideological force pervading every level of Canadian society almost without exception. kwnUMn bnwaux vwly pRo&Ysr AYNfrY mYkiln dw nukqw ingwh sI ik ies dOr iv`c goirAW dw qrk isDWq hY ik aunHW dI qjvIz hr jgHw 'qy kYnyfIAn BweIcwry leI shI hY Aqy ies iv`c koeI ieqrwz vwlI g`l nhIN[ Canada's immigration strategy was based on the desire to build a nation imaginated as a 'white man's country' Bwv kYnyfw dI AwvwsI pRqI idlI soc iehI sI ik ieh dyS kyvl goirAW leI hY[ shI FMg nwl s`cy idloN socIey ik swrI DrqI r`b dI hY, swrI kwienwq aus ny bxweI hY pr bMdw hMkwr iv`c Aw ky qy SkqI vrq ky v`D qoN v`D jgHw 'qy Awpxw AiDkwr jqwauNdw hY Aqy mwVy-DIVy, grIb-gurby Aqy duKIey nUM Awpxy nyVy-qyVy vI itkx nhIN idMdwauhnW dw Blw socxw qW dUr dI g`l hY[ SyK PrId jI PrmwauNdy hn: Avil Alw nUru EpwieAw kudriq ky sB bMdy] eyku nUr qy sBu jg aupijAw kaun Bly ko mMdy] (1349) gurU swihbwn ny vI isDWq id`qw: sBy sWJIvwl sdwien koaU n idsY bwhrw jIau]

is`KW dI Awmd dw ivroD ihMdusqwn iv`c brqwnIAW srkwr dw rwj sI Aqy aunHI idnI kYnyfw vI iehnW dy ADIn sI[ is`KW dIAW &OjI rjmYNtW ny A&gwinsqwnIAW dIAW v`K v`K jMgW iv`c AMgryzW dI bhuq m`dd kIqI[ is`KW dy mhwn kwrnwimAW Aqy &OjIAW dI v`KrI Swn Aqy inrwlI id`K kwrn 1897 iv`c fwiemMf jublI dy zSnW iv`c ie`k

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&OjI tukVI ieMglYNf mMgvweI geI sI[ auprMq ienHW nUM smuMdrI jhwz rwhIN kYnyfw dy pRWq ibRitS kolMbIAw dI sYr krvweI[ ies PyrI dOrwn ie`QoN dw sw& suQrw vwqwvrn, suMdr au~cIAW mihl mwVIAW, sv`C jl nwl Bry dirAw Aqy pwxI dy vih rhy AwbSwr dyK ky ienHW dy ihrdy iK`cy gey[ iehnW idlkS nzwirAW Aqy husIn vwdIAW ny iehnW &OjIAW nUM AYsw moihq kIqw ik rihx leI AYsI jgHw hoxI cwhIdI hY[ dyS vwps prqx ip`CoN Aqy syvw mukq ho ky iehnW iv`coN keIAW ny mzdUrI krn leI kYnyfw Awaux dw mn bxw ilAw[ ieM\ jdoN kuJ syvw mukq &OjI hIly-vsIly nwl vIhvIN sdI dy SurU iv`c kYnyfw phuMc gey qW goirAW ny ienHW nUM kwly, grdwn ky kyvl ivroD hI nhIN kIqw sgoN QW QW qy ienHW dI byiezqI krnI vI SurU kr id`qI[ kwzImI AlI ny AwpxI pusqk iv`c goirAW dy ihMdusqwnIAW pRqI ivhwr nUM ie`k bMdy nwl kIqI g`lbwq nUM AMikq kIqw hY: If an Indian went into a barber shop the proprietor was as likely as not to tell him with an path to get out. They would not in all probability be insulted in the streets, but they would be made feel through small incidents that they were perihals-unfit to breathe the same air as the white man.

keI im`lW vwly is`KW nUM kMm Kwqr pihl idMdy sn ikauNik ie`k qW ieh imhnqI, cMgI fIl-fOl vwly Aqy isrVI sn[ dUjw, ieh G`t mzdUrI qy kMm krn leI sihmq sn Aqy qIjw, ieh XUnIAn bxw ky im`l mwlkW ivru`D ivdroh nhIN sI krdy[ pr ienHW kwrnW kr ky bhuq swry gory lok ienHW dw hor ivroD krn l`gy[ 21 sqMbr 1906 nUM ilbrl pwrtI dy ie`k AY~m pI (Wilfrid Laurier) ny aus v^q dy prweIm minstr R.G. Macpherson nUM ie`k p`qR 'c ieM\ iliKAw: You can never make good citizens to them or their descendents and it is just as necessary to keep them out as it is keep out the Chinese. Most of them are big strapping fallows, men who have fought in British regiments in the little Indian wars but their ideas and their ways not ours nor can they ever be so. These people form India, come here alone just like the Chinese, and nothing on earth found make them Canadians. (Ramedo Sampat Mehta, International Barriers (Ottawa: Harpell's Press, 1973) p. 320

Bwv bMdy ny ikhw ik mYN shuM Kw ky shI shI d`sdw hW ik jdoN koeI ihMdusqwnI iksy nweI dI dukwn 'qy jWdw sI qW dukwn dw mwlk g`l kIqy vgYr aus nUM bwhr jwx leI kihMdw sI[ ihMdusqwnIAW dI byiezqI ieh lok kyvl glIAW 'c hI nhIN blik hr g`l iv`c krdy sn[ ieh ie`QoN q`k vI kihMdy sn ik ijs hvw iv`c gory swh lYNdy hn, qusIN nhIN lY skdy[

Bwv prDwn mMqRI jI qusIN ienHW lokW jW iehnW dy jwn-nSInW nUM cMgy SihrI nhIN bxw skdy[ ies leI cIinAW vWg ienHW nUM bwhr k`Fxw hI zrUrI hY[ iehnW iv`c bhuq mStMfy hn ijnHW ny brqwnIAW dIAW rzmYNtW iv`c huMdy hoey Bwrq AMdr CotIAW-motIAW lVweIAW lVIAW[ pr iehnW dy iKAwl Aqy rsqy swfy vrgy nhIN Aqy nw hI ho skdy hn[ ieh cIinAW vWg Bwrq qoN iek`ly AwauNdy hn[ ies DrqI qy iehnW nUM koeI kYnyfIAn nhIN bxw skdw (rimfo sMpd mYhqw, ieMtrnYSnl bYrIArz pusqk dy pMnw 320 qy auprokq Sbd ilKy hn[ ieh pusqk AOtvw dI hwrpY~l prY~s ny 1973 iv`c CwpI sI[

AYsIAW GtnwvW dyK Aqy sux ky ie`k isAwxy gory ny p`qRkwr nwl g`lbwq kridAW AwiKAw, â&#x20AC;&#x153;swnUM is`KW pRqI siqkwr vrqxw cwhIdw hY ikauNik ieh purwxy &OjI is`K pYnSnr hn[ jykr AsIN ienHW nwl AYsw vrqwv krWgy qW ihMdusqwn iv`c ieh Awpxw ivroD krngy["

ieM\ nslvwd kwrn eySIAweI lokW nUM bVy du`K Aqy zlwlq dw swmHxw krnw pY irhw sI[ aunHW nUM B`dy mzwk, JUTy ielzwm, ku`t-mwr qoN ielwvw mkwn ikrwey qy lYx qoN vI ienkwr kIqw jWdw sI[ ieh ivcwry gusy nUM pI ky gm dI hwlq iv`c pyt pUrqI leI Dwrimk AsQwnW 'qy it`k ky idn ktI krdy rhy[ gurduAwrw swihb AMdr

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zwq-pwq jW nsl dy Byd nUM pry r`K ky hr ie`k leI mu&q rhwieS Aqy lMgr dw pRbMD sI[ is`K ies mirXwdw nUM gurU dI imhr Aqy KuSI smJdy sn[ ies AOkV Bry smyN nUM gurU dw Bwxw smJky ibqw rhy sn[

vot dw AiDkwr Kohxw Aqy pRwpq krnw nslvwd AnykW hI burweIAW nUM jnm idMdw hY ijvyN ik iGRxw, AiqAwcwr, jwbrpxw, duPyV, inrdeIpuxw, pwp Aid[ rwjnIiqk bMdw bhuq hI SYqwn, hMkwrI Aqy lwlcI huMdw hY[ auh Awpxy rwj Bwg nUM kwiem r`Kx leI ie`k dUjy iv`c pwtk pwaux Aqy eykqw nUM lIro-lIr krn leI hmySw qqpr rihMdw hY[ ivroDIAW nUM dbwaux leI auh nvyN kwnUMn GVdw hY Aqy isry dw Kudgrz huMdw hY[ lokqMqr iv`c rwjnIqI ikauNik votW 'qy inrBr huMdI hY[ ies leI isAwsqdwn Awpxy h`k iv`c Bugqx vwlIAW votW brkrwr r`Kx leI hr FMg vrqdw hY Aqy ivroD iv`c pYx vwlIAW votW ktvw idMdw hY[ so AYsI hI rwjnIqI AMgryzI srkwr ny kYnyfw iv`c ApxweI[ ieM\ kYnyfw iv`c pYdw hoey ie`kV-du`kV bMidAW nUM C`f ky 1885 iv`c cIny Aqy jpwnI lokW qoN vot dw AiDkwr Koh ilAw[ rOlw-gOlw pYx kwrn ieh qbdIlI kr id`qI ik ijhVy do swl qoN kYnyfw iv`c rih rhy hn auh vot pw skdy hn[ pr 1907 iv`c hyT id`qw kwnUMn lwgU kr id`qw[ : “No China man, Japanese, Hindu or Indian shall have his name placed on the register of voters for an electoral district, or entitled to vote at any election.” “Bwv koeI vI cInw, jpwnI, ihMdU jW BwrqI votW vwly rijstr (votr sUcI) iv`c Awpxw nW dwKl nhIN krvw skdw Aqy nW hI iksy cox iv`c vot pwaux dw h`kdwr hovygw”[

lokW ny vot dy AiDkwr leI Awvwz bulMd kIqI pr ieh h`k 1947 q`k nw imilAw[ kYnyfw iv`c ^wlsw dIvwn suswietI dI sQwpnw 1906 iv`c hoeI[ ies sMsQw ny ij`Qy is`KW dy smwijk AwriQk, Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIiqk msilAW nUM nij`Tx iv`c pUrI vwh lweI au~Qy d`KxI eySIAweI dySW nUM vot dw h`k idvwaux leI vI Aihm BUimkw inBweI[ kudrqI 1941 iv`c mogy ijlHy dy ipMf cUVHc`k dy vsnIk srdwr nigMdr isMG ig`l jo cMgy pVHy ilKy, sUJvwn, dUrAMdySI, ihMmqI Aqy pRBwvSwlI s`jx sn ^wlsw dIvwn suswietI dy sk`qr bx gey[ aunHW ny vot dw h`k pRwpq krn leI aus smyN dIAW pRmu`K isAwsI sMsQwvW nUM lwmbMd kIqw Aqy qkVw sMGrS iv`iFAw[ aunHW ny Awpxy swQI drSn isMG sMGw jo cMgw bulwrw Aqy AsrrsUK vwlw sI, dI m`dd nwl lybr XUnIAnW dy pRqIinDIAW nUM nwl rlw ilAw[ mwrc 1944 iv`c aunHW lybr minstr (bI.sI. srkwr) jo Awpxy ibAwnW rwhIN ihMdusqwnIAW nUM byeImwn, byXkIny, bySrm Awid kihMdw sI Aqy ienHW dy vot dy h`k dI ftky ivroDqw krdw sI dI gofnI lvweI Aqy aus dy mMdy bolW sMbMDI muAw&I vI mMgweI[ srdwr nigMdr isMG 1944 iv`c nvMbr mhIny ivjY lkSmI pMifq (jvwhr lwl nihrU dI BYx) jo AmrIkw isAwsI dOry 'qy AweI sI nUM snPrWissko jw ky imly, Aqy vot pRwpqI dy c`l rhy sMGrS bwry g`lbwq kIqI[ ig`l swihb ny SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, AMimRqsr, pMjwb srkwr lwhOr, Aqy gOrimMt Aw& ieMfIAw dy auvrsIz ifpwrtmYNt, id`lI nUM vI m`dd leI p`qr ilKy[ fwktr fI. pI. pWfIAw jo ik ie`k au~Gw vkIl sI ny vI eySIAn BweIcwry nUM vot dw h`k idvwaux leI bhuq B`j-dOV kIqI[

vot dw h`k Kohx dw Bwv kyvl ieh nhIN sI ik eySIAweI lok coxW iv`c ih`sw nw lY skx sgoN Asl g`l ieh sI ik ieh srkwrI nOkrI, fwktrI, ieMjInIAr, vkIl, j`j Awid dy Ahudy nw pRwpq kr skx[ ibRitS kolMbIAw iv`c aus smyN 99 pRqISq ihMdusqwnIAW iv`coN 95 pRqISq is`K sn[ 1907 qoN ip`CoN smyN smyN 'qy eySIAweI

mwrc 1945 iv`c sI. sI. AY~&. dy AY~m.AY~l.ey. imstr lIPYks ny ivktorIAw AsYNblI iv`c ihMdusqwnIAW nUM vot dy h`k bwry ib`l pyS kIqw pr ieh QoVHIAW votW dy &rk nwl pws hox qoN rih igAw sI[ ies auprMq bI. sI. dIAW ielYkSnW dw smW Aw igAw[ srdwr nigMdr isMG ny swrIAW isAwsI pwrtIAW dy aumIdvwrW nUM p`qr ilK ky mMg kIqI ik auh ij`qx auprMq ihMdusqwnIAW leI vot dy AiDkwr bwry m`dd krn[ AwKIr 2 ApRYl 1947 nUM vot pwaux dw ib`l AsYNblI iv`c pws ho igAw Aqy ig`l swihb Aqy auhnW dy

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zwq-pwq jW nsl dy Byd nUM pry r`K ky hr ie`k leI mu&q rhwieS Aqy lMgr dw pRbMD sI[ is`K ies mirXwdw nUM gurU dI imhr Aqy KuSI smJdy sn[ ies AOkV Bry smyN nUM gurU dw Bwxw smJky ibqw rhy sn[

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swQIAW dI imhnq nUM &l l`igAw[ (pMjwbI p`qRkw mwrc 29, 2013 iv`c suKimMdr isMG ig`l ny ies sMbMDI lyK iv`c vot dy h`k dI pRwpqI sMbMDI iliKAw sI)

kYnyfw irAwsq dI hoNd srkwrI qOr qy kYnyfw dw nW pihlI vwr 1791 iv`c vriqAw igAw jdoN ikaUbk nUM do klonIAW aup`rlw Aqy hyTlw kYnyfw iv`c vMifAw igAw sI[ pr 1841 iv`c dohW nUM imlw ky ies nUM prOivns AwP kYnyfw dw nwm id`qw igAw[ sMn 1867 iv`c pihlI julweI vwly idn ibRitS nwrQ AmrIkw AYkt qihq kYnyfw dI irAwsq hoNd iv`c AweI ijs nUM fomInIAn fyA (rwStrI idvs) dw nW id`qw igAw sI[ 20 jUn 1868 nUM gvrnr jnrl lwrf mONk ny SwhI AYlwn krky Awpxy SwhI drbwr nUM 1 julweI vwly idn brqwnIAW Aqy au~qrI AmrIkw dy prdysW nUM kYnyfw dy nW hyT pihlI brsI mnwaux leI AwiKAw[ pr 1 julweI dI Cu`tI 1879 qoN mnwauxI SurU hoeI[ ijs idn ies nUM Dominion Day dw nW id`qw[ A`j klH 1 julweI nUM kYnyfw fyA bVI DUm-Dwm, KuSIAW, KyiVAW Aqy gIqWsMgIqW nwl mnwieAw jWdw hY[sMn 1982 iv`c kYnyfIAn pwrlImYNt ny kwnsIicaUSn AYkt pws krky kYnyfw nUM ie`k Awzwd dyS bxw id`qw[ aus smyN kYnyfw kwnUMnn qOr qy brqwnIAW srkwr dI ie`k bsqI hI sI[ ieh bsqI pihlI julweI 1867 iv`c cwr pRWqW novw skoSIAw, inaU brnsivk, AONtWrIau Aqy ikaUbk nUM imlw ky “kYnyfw fomInIAn” bxweI geI sI[ bhuq lMmW smW kYnyfIAn fyA dy jSn brqwnvI pRMprw Anuswr hI mnwey jWdy rhy[ pr 1967 iv`c pihlI vwr ieh idn bhu-s`iBAwcwrI FMg nwl mnwieAw igAw sI[ kYnyfIAn rImYNbrYNs fyA hr swl 11 nvMbr nUM mnwieAw jWdw hY[ ies idn swry kYnyfw vwsI Awpxy kot jW jYkt Awid 'qy pOpI vrgw kpVy dw bixAW lwl rMg dw pOpI Pu`l inSwnI vjoN pihndy hn[ prjw 11 hjwr ShIdW dI Xwd iv`c ies 11 vyN mhIny 11 vjy ie`k imMt dw mon Dwrn krky KVHdI hY[ ies smyN lYPtInYNt krnl zOhn mYkry (John Mc Crae) dI bxweI kivqw “dI PrYNfrz PIlfz” vI pVHI jWdI hY[ (10)

kYnyfw dy ivkws iv`c fwktr svrwj isMG Anuswr bhuq swrIAW mh`qv pUrn GtnwvW 'kYnyfw fyA' nwl juVIAW hoeIAW hn[ sMn 1927 iv`c pihlw rwStrI ryfIE (First Radio Network) ies idn SurU hoieAw[ sMn 1958 iv`c slwnw joV myly qy fOmInAn fyA nUM kOmI kYnyfw fyA dw nW id`qw igAw[ iPr 1982 iv`c ieh idn 'kYnyfw fyA' vjoN jwixAw igAw[ iesy idn 'qy 1958 iv`c kYnyfIAn tYlIivzn (bI.bI.sI) SurU hoieAw[ rMgdwr tI. vI. kYnyfw fyA 'qy 1966 iv`c SurU hoieAw[ Awrfr Aw& kYnyfw jo ies dI hoNd iv`c ie`k sdI ip`CoN AwieAw kYnyfw fyA 'qy SurU kIqw igAw[ sMn 1980 iv`c kYnyfw fy 'qy rwStrI gIq 'E kYnyfw' pihlI vwr piVHAw igAw[ iesy idn nwl hI ie`k purwxI Gtnw jo 1923 nwl juVI hoeI hY cInI BweIcwry nwl sMbMiDq hY[ iehnW ny ies idn nUM 'ihaUmIlySn fyA' dy qOr qy mnwieAw ikauNik srkwr iemIgrytW leI bhuq muSklW KVHIAW kr rhI sI[ ieh Gtnw 1947 q`k vwprdI rhI[ kYnyfw srkwr ny 1947 iv`c vot pwaux dw AiDkwr dy id`qw[

rwStrI JMfy iv`c mYpl lIP (p`qw) ikauN, ikvyN Aqy iks smyN ipAw? Asl iv`c mYpl dw rs Awid vwsIAW dw ^ws Bojn sI[ auh ies qoN Srbq bxw ky vI pINdy sn jo ik kw&I im`Tw Aqy kYlSIAm BrpUr hY[ ienHW guxW nUM mu`K r`K ky sMn 1700 iv`c mYpl lIP nUM kYnyfw dw prMmpRwgq icnH bxw id`qw igAw[ ies auprMq 1836 iv`c mYpl syNt jIn bYNpitsty suswietI, 1836 'c ly kYnyfIAn A^bwr ijhVw loAr kYnyfw qoN Cpdw sI Aqy 1848 iv`c torMto iltryrI AYnUAl ny ies nUM kYnyfw dy inSwn vjoN pyS kIqw[ sMn 1860 iv`c mYpl lIP nUM 100 vIN rjmYNt (ruAwiel kYnyfIAn) dy bYj iv`c lwieAw jdoN pirMs Aw& vylz ny mihmwn vjoN kYnyfw Awauxw sI[ AlgzYNfr mUAr ilKdw hY ik 1867 iv`c mYpl lI& hmySw leI kYnyfw mhW sMG dw gIq bx igAw Aqy keI dhwky rwStrI gIq vjoN gwieAw jWdw irhw[ ieh &OjIAW dy kot qy Kws krky AONtwrIE Aqy ikaUbk iv`c p`ky qOr qy lwieAw igAw[ ies qoN ielwvw ie`k (11)

swQIAW dI imhnq nUM &l l`igAw[ (pMjwbI p`qRkw mwrc 29, 2013 iv`c suKimMdr isMG ig`l ny ies sMbMDI lyK iv`c vot dy h`k dI pRwpqI sMbMDI iliKAw sI)

pYnI dy is`ky qy A`j q`k vI mYpl lIP aukirAw hoieAw hY[ sMn 1876 qoN 1901 q`k ieh hr is`ky qy mOjUd sI[

jOsP AwrmMf bMbwrfIAr ny srdI ru`q iv`c br& 'qy c`lx vwlI bhuq hlkI g`fI eIzwd kIqI[

pihlI ivSv jMg dOrwn kYnyfw dIAW POjW dy bYjW 'qy inSwnI vjoN ieh lwieAw igAw sI[ iPr 1921 qoN &Oj iv`c iqMn mYpl lIP inSwn vjoN drz kIqy[ dUjI ivSv jMg smyN Aqy 1957 q`k ies p`qy dw rMg hrw r`iKAw igAw pr iesy swl ies dw rMg hry qoN lwl kr id`qw igAw[

sr sYNf Porf &lYimMg ny dunIAW Br dy KyqrW leI imAwrI smyN sMbMDI prxwlI iqAwr kIqI[

mYQIaU eIvYnz Aqy hYnrI vu`fvrf ny iek`iTAW imlky sB qoN pihly ibjlI blb dI kwF k`FI Aqy iPr ieh AiDkwrq blb Qoms AYfIsn nUM dy id`qw ijs ny v`fy pYmwny qy roSnI dy blb iqAwr kIqy[

rYzInwlf PsYNfn ny ryfIau dI kwF iv`c Xogdwn pwieAw Aqy auprMq dunIAW AMdr pihlw vwierlY~s sunyhw id`qw[

fwktr vweIlfr pY~nPIlf mONtrIAl XUnIvristI mYkigl (McGill) idmwg dI Koj sMbMDI moFI fwktr hoieAw hY[

fwktr jOhn ey hOps ny pihlw kwrifAk (idl sMbMDI) pys mykr iqAwr krky hzwrW hI idl dy mrIjW dI jwn bcweI hY[

spwr eyArospys/nYSnl rIsrc kONsl kYnyfw ny, kYnwfrm nW dI roboitk bWh iqAwr kIqI ijhVI AwaUt spys iv`c vrqI geI[

mweIk ilzwrfs Aqy ijMm bY~lislI ijhVy qwr rihq kMpnI (Co-CEO's of Research in Motion, RIM) iv`c kMm krdy hn ny blYkbYrI dI mhwn Koj kIqI[

15 PrvrI 1965 vwly idn kYnyfw dy nvyN rwStrI JMfy iv`c lwl rMg dw mYpl lIP idKw ky ies dw audGwtn pihlI vwr kIqw igAw[ lwl rMg mYpl lIP dw ies kr ky r`iKAw ik bhuq kurbwnIAW ip`CoN kYnyfw ie`k Awzwd mulk vjoN auBirAw[

kYnyfw dw kOmI gIq (National Anthem) ieh gIq 1980 iv`c GoiSq kIqw igAw Aqy sB qoN pihlW ikaUbk iv`c &rYNc BwSw iv`c Aqy iPr kYnyfIAn ieMgilS iv`c gwieAw igAw sI[ AMgryzI iv`c ies dy Sbd hn: O Canda O Canada! Our home and native land! True patriot love in all thy sons command with glowing hearts we see thee rise The true North strong and free! From far and wide, O Canada We stand on guard for thee God keep our land glories and free! O Canada, we stand on ground for thee O Canada, we stand on guard for thee

kYnyfw iv`c hoeIAW mhwn KojW Aqy kwFW -

(Source-Discover Canada The right and Responsibilities of citizenship) hux q`k 18 qoN v`D kYnyfIAn nobl prweIz (dunIAW AMdr mhW purskwr) ivjyqw ho cu`ky hn[ iPizks, kimstrI, ieknwmiks Awid iv`c ienHW v`fIAW m`lW mwrIAW hn[

AlYgzYNfr gRwhm bY~l nUM kYnyfw ivKy grmI ru`qy Gr iv`c tYlIPon bwry soc su`JI[

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