Jeevan Gatha Maharani Jinda - Dr. Harbhajan Singh Sekhon by Sikh Digital Library

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e-mail : sekhonhsd@yahoo.com Pon ; 9463377009 (Bwrq)

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Dr Harbhajan Singh Sekhon 126-32-60 Ave Surrey B.C. Canda V3X2L1 Phone 001-778-218-1432

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+91-161-2404979, 2404093 email : foilludhiana@gmail.com www : foilprintersludhiana.com

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mu`K bMd sMswr dw bhuqy dySW dw ipCokV AnuSwsn hIxqw dI jhwlq iv`c hI irhw hY[ 'ijs kI lwTI aus kI BYNs' ho jWdI rhI[ iesy kr ky smyN smyN ivdroh au~Ty, bgwvqW hoeIAW pr h`k-byhk ` hI hud M w irhw[ ieho hwlwq ihMds u qwn dy keI sUibAW ny hMFwey pr bhuqI kropI pMjwb 'qy rhI[ zr, zorU Aqy zmIn leI lhU dIAW ndIAW vgIAW[ DrmW ^wqr, AxKW ^wqr, QuVHW ^wqr bVy aujwVy hoe[ y hmly 'qy hmlw hud M w irhw qy zwlm 17 hmly kr ky vI BùKw hI irhw[ Dn lùt,y dOlqW lùtIAW, by-ksUr AOrqW dIAW AzmqW ilqwVIAW jWdIAW rhIAW[ hkIkq bol au~TI 'KwDw pIqw lwhy dw bwkI Aihmd Swhy dw'[ iehnW vyly ijhVI ksr rih geI auh muhm M d gOrI ny Aw k`FI[ pMjwbIAW ny ienHW BYVy hwlwqW nUM hMFw ky vI hOsly nhIN hwry[ simAW dy sMGrSW iv`coN Syr-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw rwj sQwpq hoieAw Aqy lgwqwr pOxy ATqwlI swl hlImI , moh, siqkwr, ipAwr, syvw, pRgqI, pswr qy SWqI dw hulwrw idMdw irhw[ ies ivSwl is`K rwj dy cOhIN pwsIN AMgRyzI rwj sQwpq ho cu`kw sI pr pMjwb iv`c vVn leI aunHW dw idl huMgwrw nhIN sI idMdw qy pYr iQVkdy sn BwvyN mn iv`c lwlc bhuq sI[ Syr-ey-pMjwb dy A`KW mItx dI dyr sI, gory dy Bwg jwg pey[ mhwrwjw dIAW nzrW iv`c bhuq hI vDIAw jwxy jWdy fogirAW jW gdwrW nwl goirAW ny AYsI A`K imlweI Aqy suAwrQI soc nUM mu`K r`K is`K rwj dy pqn leI hr hIlw-vsIlw vriqAw Aqy audoN q`k bycYn rhy ijMnw icr pMjwb 'qy auh kwbj nw hoey[ iesy hI ieiqhwsk ik`sy nUM fwktr hrBjn isMG syKoN jI ny 'jIvn gwQw mhwrwxI ijMdW (ijMd kOr)' dy isrlyK hyT bVy hI sMKyp Aqy suc`jy FMg nwl pyS kIqw hY[ kOm dy isrl`Q isMGW isMGxIAW ny bVy Xu`D lVy pr hr bwr ies ip`Cy fogirAW dI koeI nw koeI koJI cwl Awx idsI[ ^wlsw rwj nUM ^qm krn leI AMgryz ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM CotI aumr dw bhwnw bxw ky rwj g`dI 'qy nw itkx id`qw Aqy 1849 qoN bwAd ies is`K rwj dw JMfw muV nw Ju`l sikAw[ ies Ku`sy rwj dI pRwpqI leI AxKIlI ijMdW ny AwKrI dm q`k

(i)

sMGrS jwrI r`iKAw pr gorI srkwr ny AinAW dI q`kVI PV ky aus dI pyS nw jwx id`qI[ ies sm`isAw nUM pMjwb dy muShUr kvI jsvMq isMG AsmwnI ieM\ pyS krdy hn: ic`tI cwdr ieKlwk dI hwkmW ny, DoqI du`D nwl lIro lIr kIqI[ bVy mIsxy keI SrI& bIby, kwlI soc dI pwr lkIr kIqI[ Gply, iBRSt qy cor-bjwrIAW dI, Awmd GrW nUM bhuq AmIr kIqI[ lok-syvw nUM C`f pey dOlqW nUM, mwlw mwl sI in`jI qkdIr kIqI[ Fofr kW kbIlVy pwldy rhy, ijMdW nwl ikMj auhdI qkdIr kIqI[

ilKwrI ny ies duKWq nUM s`q kWfW iv`c ibAwinAW hY[ pihly kWf iv`c rwxI ijMdW dy smu`cy jIvn nUM icqirAw hY[ ijMdW nUM sUrq qy sIrq dw suml y , TMFy qy au~cy idmwg dI milkw, dlyrI Aqy sihxSIlqw dw muj`smW, gUVH isAwsqdwn, CYl-CbIlI qy smyN nwl t`kr lYx vwlI AxKIlI SyrnI drswieAw hY[ aus nwl gorI srkwr ny hr D`kw kIqw pr aus dI sKSI dihSq ny srkwr dIAW nIdW sUlI 'qy tMgI r`KIAW[ jykr aus nUM pMjwb iv`c vsdI rihx id`qw jWdw qW muV ky is`K rwj dw sUrj bhuq jld cVH pYxw sI, iesy froN goirAW ny aus nUM pMjwb qoN sdw dUr r`iKAw[ mW-pu`q nUM bVw ^`jl-KuAwr kIqw: mihlW 'coN k`F ky qy , jMglI rol id`qy do hIry[ rwxI qoN mMgqI bxw, nI qUM kI kIqw qkdIry[

dUjy kWf iv`c is`K rwj dI ivSwlqw, ivkws-SIlqw, sUrbIrqw qy gqIb`Dqw pyS kIqI hY[ &Oj nUM nvInqw dyx leI ihMdU, muslmwn qy is`K &OjIAW qoN ibnw ieqwlvI, PrWsIsI, jrmn, rUsI, AmrIkn, spYinS, purqgwlI Aqy AMgryz kuÌ&#x20AC;l 72 A&sr BrqI kIqy[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG rwj-g`dI 'qy nhIN sgoN Awm kursI qy bYT dy, lokW iv`c ivcrdy, Bys bdlw hwlwqW dI GoK krdy, jMqw dy kUkr bx ky pyS AwauNdy, hlymI rwj dw Pu`l iKVwauNdy rwj nUM bulMdIAW 'qy phuMcweI iPrdy sI[ Acwnk mOq dy bwj ny Jpt Aw mwrI, jy svws hor swQ idMdy qW ieh rwj smu`cy eySIAw dy Bwg jgw idMdw[ mhwrwjy dy Akwl clwxy qoN ie`k dm bwAd fogry gdwrW dIAW gdwrIAW rMg lY AweIAW[ svwrQI socW ny rwj dIAW cwbIAW Awpxy h`QIN jw PVweIAW jo (ii)

pMjwbI sUrimAW dIAW rUhW nUM bVw icr qVPwauNdIAW rhIAW[ ienHW gdwrW ny pMjwb 'qy gory dw rwj kwiem krwieAw, mhwrwxI ijMdW 'qy aus dy A`K dy qwry dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb qoN sdw leI dUr r`K ky pMjwb Aqy pMjwbIAW dI AxK nUM dwg lwieAw[ prySwnIAW dy ies Awlm iv`c AxKI XoDy iPr au~Ty, sMgrwm mcwey ie`k pwsy AMgryzW, gdwrW qy ihMdusqwnI &OjW huMdIAW qy dUjy pwsy qlI 'qy sIs r`KI pMjwbI sUrmy jUJdy[ ienHW hwlwqW nUM mhwn kvI gurid`q isMG kuMdn AYauN ibAwn krdy hn: DuMdlw DuMdlw idsdw mYnUM qyrw cwr cuPyrw, Awpxy hI ho gey ibgwny nw koeI sjn qyrw, qyry leI prweIAW hoeIAW Awpxy dyS dIAW jUhW, vyK vyK ky qV& rhIAW ny is`K rwj dIAW rUhW[

qIjy kWf iv`c gorI srkwr dI by-AsUlI soc dI pySkwrI hY[ AMgryz dw &ls&w qW AOrq nUM mrd qoN au~qy drswauNdw hY pr ie`Qy ies &ls&y nUM pu`Tw kr ky vriqAw hY[ mhwrwxI dy Brw nUM kql krwauxw, mhwrwxI nUM kYd kr pMjwb qoN sdw leI qoVI r`Kxw, nbwlg ieklOqy pu`qr nUM A`KW qoN dUr r`Kxw, b`cy nUM kum`qW iv`c rMgxw, mhwrwxI nUM jylH 'c f`k qsIhy dyxy, dlIp isMG nUM rwj g`dI 'qy ibTw ky ausy smyN auTw lYxw, Axjwx puxy iv`c hI dlIp isMG qoN shI pvw ky g`dI Koh lYxI BwrI kurIqIAW qy kUt nIqIAW hn[ ies leI ilKxw bxdw hY: Aihdnwmy 'qy shI pvw jbrI, AMgryz rwj dw JMfw Julw id`qw[ is`K Drm qoN b`cVw qoV ky qy, eIsweIAq Drm dy lV lw id`qw[ vyl iksy pwsy, Pu`l iksy pwsy, inXm kudrq dy iC`ky itkw id`qw[

cOQy kWf 'c mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM iqMnW mwvW qoN qoVn dI vydnw hY[ pMjwb dI DrmI mW, ijMdW mW Aqy pMjwbI bolI mW qoN qoV dyx dw AnrQ hY[ fwktr lwgn mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dw bwfIgwrf inXukq kIqw jo hr vkq aus 'qy gUVHI nzr rKdw hoieAw sdw kucwlw cldw irhw[ aus ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy qoSyKwny dI qlwSI leI, aus 'coN sMswr dw kImqI hIrw kohynUr flhOzI hvwly (iii)

kIqw, AnykW jvwhrwq kwbU kIqy, dlIp nUM pMjwbI qy &wrsI BwSw qoN qoV AMgryzI bolI nwl joiVAw, dlIp dI soc is`KW dy ault kIqI[ pMjwb qoN au~qr prdyS (XU. pI.) jw vswieAw qy au~c iv`idAw pRwpq nw krn id`qI[ ies leI kihxw bxdw hY: hMJU cwr jy kyrnw cwhy koeI, qyrI cMd vrgI iksmq sVI au~qy[ auhnUM hwl dlIp dw d`s dyeIN, kr ky KVHw rxjIq dI mVHI au~qy[

pMjvyN kWf iv`c rwxI ijMdW dy bury qoN bury idnW dI dwsqW hY[ s`c nUM PWsI cwVHnw, ibnw kwrn jylHIN f`kxw, srIrk qy mwnisk qsIhy dyxy, ie`klOqy pu`qr qoN v`K r`Kxw, dlIp dy mn iv`c mW dy ivCoVy dw vYrwg pYdw hoxw, qyrW swlW bwAd mW nUM imlx dyxw, ro ro ky ijMdW dw AMnHI hoxw, pu`qr dI Drm qbdIlI dw s`lH, dlIp nUM isMG sjx dw sMdyS, rwj Bwg Ku`s jwx dw s`lH, pMjwb iv`c vsx dI KwhS, srkwr v`loN mnjUrI nw imlxI, klk`qy kuJ is`K sYnkW nUM dUroN hI iml skxw, mhwrwxI dI mOq Aqy ADUrIAW s`DrW dw vYrwgmeI prvwh hY[ kwiv sqrW iv`c swrw pRsMg ieM\ hY : hwey! iCVy Jrnwht, m`cy kwljy 'c lwt, qy ijgr igAw pwt, tu`kdI AY bu`lHIAW[ suGV isAwxI mhwrwxI, bxw qI mMgqI, mMgdI iPry p`qxw qy jw gu`lIAW!

CyvW kWf is`K rwj dy pqn dI vYrwgmeI gwQw hY[ dlIp isMG juAwnI dI pRoV AvsQw iv`c hY, hux aus nUM gory dIAW cwlW, aus nwl hoeIAW vDIkIAW qy Biv`K dy ^qirAW dI soJI ho geI hY[ guAwc cu`ky rwj Bwg, guAwc cuÌ&#x20AC;ky jIvn, Drm Aqy iqMnW mwvW dI g`l hY[ hux aus nUM gurbwxI iv`coN rs dw AwnMd imlx lg ipAw hY, sRI hirmMdr swihb dy drSn dIdwirAW dI qWG hY, pMjwb vsx nUM jI krdw hY, mwqw dIAW nsIhqW dI pUrqI sqwauNdI hY pr srkwr iezwzq nhIN idMdI[ pMjwbIAW dy nwm moh siqkwr nwl BirAw ^q ilKxw, A^bwrW iv`c Cpwauxw, AMimRq Ckx dI lwlsw dI pUrqI, mwqw dw sskwr bMby iv`c krnw, bytI vloN 60 swl bwAd mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI smwD kol ijMdW dI smwD bnwauxI bVI hI nsIhqI, Bwvuk qy iekrwrW BrI gwQw hY[ (iv)

s`qvyN kWf iv`c mhwrwxI ijMdW dI bhup`KI sKSIAq dw vrnx hY[ aus dI sUrq qy sIrq dw muj`smw, dUr-AMdySI, suGV AnuSwsk, sihnxSIlqw dw smuMdr, suihrd pqnI, sMpUrn mwqw, ArSW qoN &rSW 'qy if`gI, byksUrI, Akih qy Asih du`KVy J`lx vwlI, JUTIAWmu`TIAW qohmqW iv`c Eq poq qy mhwn AOrq dI Jlk BrI vwrqw hY[ fwktr syKoN jI dI ieh dsvIN pusqk hY[ aunHW dIAW iv`idAk ifgrIAW Aqy KojW qW ivigAwnk hn pr pMjwbI swihq nwl aunHW nUM bcpn qoN hI moh hY[ iesy moh 'qy hI ie`k cotI dy Alock dy qOr 'qy aunHW mihsUs kIqw ik pMjwbI swihq iv`c keI AxgOly ivSy pey hn[ Awp jI dI ies KojI soc ny Bu`ly ivsry nvyN ivSy l`B ky aunHW nUM ivSw bxw pMjwbI swihq dI v`fmulI syvw kIqI hY[ pusqk dw ivSw AOrq jwqI nwl hoeIAW v`DIkIAW pyS krdw hY Aqy goirAW qy fogirAW dI kmIngI drswauNdw hY[ ivSy dw inBwA rOick Aqy nwtkI hY[ bolI muhwvrydwr hY qy mlveI rMg rKdI hY[ ieh pusqk hr p`KoN ie`k vfmu`lw kwrz hY[ s`cy r`b A`gy Ardws hY ik fwktr swihb qMdrusq rihx qy eydW hI mW bolI Aqy swihq dI syvw krdy rihx[ DMnvwid sihq[

imqI 16-11-2016

surjIq isMG muKI pMjwbI ivBwg (swbkw) gurU nwnk nySnl kwlj nkodr (jlMDr)

(v)

prvyiSkw dunIAW iv`c jdoN qoN ienswn ny soJI pRwpq kIqI hY audoN dw hI dunIAW dy hr ih`sy iv`c Awpo Awpxy kbIilAW iv`c rihMdw ieh pRP`lq hoieAw hY[ kbIilAW qoN hI kOmW hoNd iv`c AweIAW[ Awpxy iK`qy dI rwKI Aqy srdwrI kwiem r`Kx leI kOmW iv`c jMg-Xu`D vI huMdy rhy[ qkVIAW kOmW mwVIAW kOmW nUM ^qm krn dw Xqn krdIAW rhIAW Aqy Awpxy ADIn kr ky gulwm vI bxwauNdIAW rhIAW[ ieh islslw A`j vI jwrI hY[ hr ijauNdI kOm dw Awpo Awpxw ieiqhws hY[ ieh ieiqhws sUrbIr Aqy XoDy bxwauNdy hn Aqy klmW vwly bu`DIjIvI ilKdy hn[ is`K kOm vI dunIAW AMdr jwxI-pCwxI bVI bhwdr kOm hY[ ies nUM vI AwpxI hoNd kwiem r`Kx leI smyN smyN Gor sMGrS krnw ipAw hY[ hor kOmW dy vWg ies iv`c vI bySumwr kOm-Bgq, XoDy Aqy isdkI sUrmy pYdw hoey hn[ ies dy nwl-nwl gdwrW dI vI kmI nhIN hY[ XoDy Aqy sUrbIr ies nUM Awzwd krwauNdy rhy Aqy gdwr gulwmI v`l D`kdy rhy[ 1675 eIsvI iv`c BweI jYqw jI id`lI qoN nOvyN gurU qyg bhwdr jI dw sIs lY ky AwnMdpur swihb phuMcy[ nO swl dI aumr dy bwl gurU goibMd rwey jI ny ieh isqm Aqy AOrMgzyb bwdSwh dw jbr A`KIN vyiKAw Aqy ies zulm nUM sdw leI ^qm krn dI Twx leI[ is`K kOm nUM isMG sjw ky twkry leI iqAwr kIqw[ 33 swl aunHW jrvwxy ivru`D sMGrS jwrI r`iKAw[ iPr 8 swl (1708 qoN 1716 q`k) bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny jwlm soDy[ ies auprMq isMGW ny AwpxI Awzwd hsqI kwiem r`Kx leI bVy du`KVy shwry Aqy jwnW vwrIAW[ gdwrW ny keI vwr ies AwzwdI nUM ip`Cy pwieAw[ AwKIr 1799 nUM Sukrc`kIAw imsl dy srdwr nOjvwn rxjIq isMG ny lwhOr au~qy kbjw kr ky is`K rwj sQwpq kIqw[ rwjy qoN mhwrwjw bixAw[ swrIAW kOmW dy lokW nUM srv sWJw rwj id`qw jo qlvwr dy jor 'qy lg Bg 46 swl cldw

(vi)

irhw[ drw KYbr dy rwh AwauNdy DwVvIAW nUM rok pw ky ihMdusqwn dI rwKI kIqI[ srdwr hrI isMG nlUAy vrgy srdwr Aqy jrnYl nUM A`j vI sMswr mMndw Aqy Xwd krdw hY[ 1839 eIsvI iv`c mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq smyN aus dI sB qoN CotI mhwrwxI ijMdW (ijMd kOr) dI aumr koeI 21-22 swl dI sI[ aus dy pu`qr dlIp isMG dI aumr nO ku mhIny dI sI[ aus dw jyTw pu`qr KVk isMG mhwrwjw bixAw[ ies smyN nUM id`lI bYTy AMgryz im`qRqw dIAW kIqIAW sMDIAW nUM Kqm kr ky pMjwb 'qy kbjy leI soc rhy sn[ jIvn gwQw mhwrwxI ijMdW (ijMd kOr), ies pusqk dI inrol gwQw hY[ fwktr hrBjn isMG syKNo 'dwKw' jI ny BrpUr KolH kr ky aus nUM klmbMd kIqw hY[ fwktr syKoN jI dI ieh 10 vIN pusqk hY[ ies qoN pihlW ieh srihMd ivjyqw bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr, mhwn is`K jrnYl srdwr hrI isMG nlUAw, ShId BweI mnI isMG Awid 'qy pusqkW pwTkW dI JolI pw cuÌ&#x20AC;ky hn[ ienHW pusqkW iv`c ienHW dI klm ny sUrbIrW Aqy XoiDAW dI gwQw bVI hI KUbsUrqI nwl ibAwn kIqI hY[ ies pusqk iv`c ienHW mhwrwxI ijMdW dI srdwrI qy gdwrW dI gdwrI ibAwn kIqI hY[ jd mYN ies pusqk dw KrVw piVHAw Aqy vwicAw qW mn bVw pRsMn hoieAw[ bVI bybwkI nwl inDVk soc nUM A`gy r`K ky syKoN swihb ny mhwrwxI ijMdW au~qy lwey gdwrW dy doSW nUM inMidAw Aqy nkwirAw hY[ ikvyN mhwrwxI ijMdW gdwrW, srdwrW Aqy AMgryzW A`gy JukI nhIN[ swrI aumr du`KW iv`c guzwrI, kYd k`tI Aqy nypwl dy rwjy pws rih ky qW k`F leI pr is`K rwj dI bhwlI leI AMqly swh q`k lVdI rhI[ gdwr fogry BrwvW ny ikvyN iek`lw iek`lw kr ky rwj dy hr ie`k vwrs nUM ^qm kIqw[ sMDwvwlIAW ny rwjw iDAwn isMG nUM kql kr ky aus dy KUn dw it`kw pMj swl dy bwlk dlIp isMG dy m`Qy 'qy lw ky aus nUM mhwrwjw GoSq kIqw[ ieh swrI vwrqw hrBjn isMG jI ny ie`k lVI iv`c bVy rOck FMg nwl AYsI proeI hY ik sB kuJ A`KIN idKw id`qw hY[ ies rcnw nUM pVH ky pwTk zrUr kIly jwxgy[ (vii)

fwktr syKoN ny swry Gtnw kRm nUM SwierI dIAW tUkW dy ky hor vI idlkS bxw id`qw hY[ muhwvrydwr mlveI TyT pMjwbI BwSw iv`c bVI pRsMsk rcnw kIqI hY[ ikqy vI rcnw dI lVI AtkdI Aqy tu`tdI nhIN[ ie`k qoN dUsrI Gtnw GtdI jWdI hY[ swrI gwQw 7 AiDAwieAW iv`c sMpUrx ho jWdI hY[ ies pusqk rwhIN fwktr syKoN ieh vI ieSwrw kr jWdy hn ik ijnHW rwjy-nvwbW ny is`K rwj dy ivru`D Awp id`lI jw ky iPrMgI nUM ilKqI bynqI kIqI ik swfI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN bMd-KlwsI kIqI jwey[ jd iPrMgI jmnw pwr kr ky AwpxIAW POjW pMjwb iv`c ilAwey sI qW ihMdusqwnI rwijAW ny aunHW dw svwgq kIqw sI[ aunHW rwijAW, rjvwiVAW Aqy nvwbW dy vwrs A`j vI dyS dI AwzwdI ip`CoN pMjwb au~qy rwj krdy Aw rhy hn[ pMjwbI bVy mwx nwl aunHW nUM ijqw ky BMgVy pwauNdy hn[ ieho hI ie`k suihrd klm dw Prz huMdw hY[ hr lyKk dI rcnw aus dy s`c, sp`Stqw, BwSw dI AmIrI Aqy srlqw dy dm au~qy hI ijauNdI rihMdI hY Aqy pwTkW dy igAwn iv`c vwDw krdI hY[ mYnUM Aws hY 'jIvn gwQw mhwrwxI ijMdW (ijMd kOr)' pwTkW Aqy AlockW dI ksv`tI au~qy pUrI auqrygI[ Awaux vwly smyN iv`c fwktr hrBjn isMG syKoN jI qoN hor vI imAwrI pusqkW dI aumId r`KI jWdI hY[ prmwqmw pwsoN ienHW dI lMbI Aqy syhqvMd aumr dI kwmnw krdw hW[ DMnvwd sihq[ imqI : 8.9.2016 hrcMd isMG bwgVI 3315 lYnkwstr kort, kokutlm bI.sI. knyfw[ 6049414363

(viii)

19thA ;dh *u gzikp dk fJeb"sk wod L wjkokDh fizdK fJfsjk;ekoh dk ekoi f;oca ;[DB ftu jh ;[nkdbk brdk j? gqzs{ fJ; B{z f;oV s'A tr?o B/go/ ukVQBk nk;kB BjhA j[zdk feT[Afe fJfsjk; gqwkfDesk dh wzr eodk j? Bk fe ;[DhnK ;[DkJhnK okw ejkDhnK dh. fJj gqwkfDesk v{zx/ ns/ ft;Eko g{ote ehs/ nfXn?B T[gozs jh pDdh j?. vkL joGiB f;zx ;/y'A fJ; fJfsjk;ekoh d/ ekoi ftZu bzp/ no;/ s'A ekoiPhb jB. vkL ;/y'A dk gVQkJh ns/ y'i d"okB ftPk Gkt/A ;kfJz; dk fojk j?. y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh ftu'A ps"o ;hBhno gq'c?;o ;/tktK fBGk u[Ze/ jB. gozs{ T[jBK dh f;Zy fJfsjk; B{z co'bD dh fuDr B/ T[jBK B{z tv/oh T[wo ftu th fJfsjk; dh g[Bo f;oiDk tZb s'fonk j'fJnk j?. fJ;/ o;s/ dk fJZe gVkn ‘ihtB rkEk wjkokDh fizdK (fizd e"o)’ vkL joGiB f;zx dh f;Zy fJfsjk; Bkb ;zpzfXs d;thA g[;se j?. fJ; g[;se B{z vkL ;/y'A B/ e[b ;Zs nfXnkfJ ftu tzfvnk j?. wjkokDh fizdK d/ iBw s'A b? e/ T[; dh w"s ;w/A sZe dh ikDekoh pVh ;ze[fus sohe/ Bkb p/b'V/ t/oftnK (w;kb/) s'A pu e/ g/P ehsh j?. T[jBK wjkokDh fizdK d/ g[Zso dbhg f;zx d/ ihtB pko/ th e[M yk; nzP g/P ehs/ jB. fizBQk ;dek wjkokDh dh ejkDh ;zg{oB j[zdh j?.fJ; g[;se ftu wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh w"s s'A pknd wjkB f;Zy oki/ d/ dopko ftu c?bh p[oSkrodh dh s;thoePh ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nfjw y[bkf;nK d/ Bkb pj[s e[M f;yk th ojh j?. g[;se dh GkPk P[ZX wbtJh w[jkto/dko m[Ze tkbh j?. feskp gVQfdnK j'fJnK fes/ th ne/tK wfj;{; BjhA j[zdk. vkL ;/y'A d/ gq'V T[wo d/ siaofpnk ftu'A gq'y fJfsjk;ekoh iBw b? ojh j?.fJ; soQK dh fBogZy, fBvo ns/ pr?o fe;/ bkb;k d/ ehsh fJfsjk;ekoh jh n;bh fJfsjk; j[zdh j?. feT[Afe fe;/ bkb;k nXhB ehs/ ekoi ftu j/o^c/o dh ;zGktBk w"i{d ofjzdh j?. w/oh nZi sZe dh T[wo s'A tZX y'i dk siopk oZyD tkb/ vkL joGiB f;zx ;/y'A pko/ w/oh j?;hns e'Jh Nhek^fNZgDh s'A n;woZE j?.fco th fJj g[;se f;Zy fJfsjk; d/ Bt/A fd;jZfdnK B{z S{zjdh j'Jh GftZyw[yh y'ikoEhnK bJh fJZe whb gZEo ;kfps j't/rh. XzBtkd ;fjs. fwsh 21H02H2017 joihs f;z x b?euoko gzikph ftGkr r[o{ s/ra pjkdo B?PBb ekbi, dkyak. (ix)

BUimkw krqy dI kudrq bhuq dI AlOikk, AscrjmeI, AwkriSk Aqy AnwdI hY[ ies kudrq AMdr aus ny qrHW qrHW dy jIv Aqy bnspqI pYdw kIqI hoeI hY[ sB jIvW iv`coN jIvn dwqy ny mnu`K nUM au~qm klw pRdwn kIqI hoeI hY[ ies klw kwrn auh Awm krky bVw AhMkwrI, Kudgrz Aqy injvwdI ho jWdw hY[ loB iv`c Aw ky qkVw mnùK mwVy nUM ADIn kr ky aus nUM AwpxIAW jMjIrW iv`c jkVn leI qrHW qrHW dy FMg vrqdw hY[ihMdusqwnI lg Bg A`T sdIAW muglW dy gulwm rhy[ ies gulwmI dOrwn jrvwixAW ny aunWH dy ivrsy, s`iBAwcwr, Dwrimk, smwijk Aqy AwriQk AkIidAW dw iKlvwV kIqw Aqy bhU-bytIAW-BYxW dIAW ie`zqW lu`tIAW[ lokweI dIAW drd BrIAW pukwrW sux sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI DrqI 'qy 'goibMd rUp' ho prgt hoey[ aunHW is`K pMQ dI swjnw kr ky is`KW nUM brwbrI, zulmW iKlw&, bhwdrI, iensw& leI jUJ mrn Aqy srb`q dy Bly dw aupdyS Awpxy im`Ty, ipAwry, inAwry Aqy imknwqIsI mhW bolW nwl id`qw[ gurU nwnk dI dsvIN joq sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ^wlsw pMQ dI swjnw kr ky mugl rwj dIAW jVHW pu`t id`qIAW[ aunHW ikhw ik ieh ^wlsw sdw hI zulm, jbr Aqy AiqAwcwr ivru`D jUJdw rhygw[ gurU swihb dI ikRpw sdkw hI bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny pihlw 'is`K rwj' kwiem kIqw Aqy aus auprMq Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny pMjwb AMdr sqluj dy bMny qoN p`Cm v`l drw KYbr q`k ie`k bhuq hI Swney-Sokq vwlw ivSwl is`K rwj kwiem kIqw[ gurU jI dy bcn sn ik Drm XùD iv`c ShId hox vwly isMGW nUM mYN SwhI isMGwsn 'qy ibTwvwgW[ ien gRIb isKXn ko dXYN pwqSwhI[ Xih Xwd rKihN hmrI guirAweI[ (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, BweI BMgU jI)

ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn ik BwvyN vwrs Swh is`KW dI ienklwbI jmwq nUM 'BUq mMflI' kihMdw hY pr ^wlsy ny mulk nUM icrW qoN icMbVy BUqW qoN KihVw Cufw ky dyS nUM suqMqrqw dy gwfI rwh 'qy pwieAw[ ikauNik mugl isMGW nUM sg (ku`qy) kihMdy sn pr Aihmd (x)

Swh durwnI dy nwl AwieAw ^brswr ilKx vwlw ilKwrI kwzI nUr muhMmd Awpxy 'jMg nwmy' 'c ilKdw hY, 'isMGW nUM sg nw AwKo, auh qW Syr hn Aqy mrdW dy vI dlyr mrd hn[ienHW dI qlvwr A`gy kihMdy qoN kihMdw XoDw vI KVH Aqy AV nhIN skdw[ ienHW dw cwl-cln bhuq hI au~cw qy su`cw hY'[ fwktr hrI rwm gupqw History of the Sikhs volume I , page 272 qy isMGW dI pRsMsw ieM\ krdw hY: The Sikhs, who won for Punjab the envied title of 'the solidier's land' and who alone can boast of having erected a bulwark of differnce against foreign aggression, the tide of which had run its prosporous course for the preceeding 800 years and to whom all other peoples of Northern India and of the Punjab in particular owe a debt of gratitude. Bwv is`KW ny pMjwb nUM 'sUrimAW dI DrqI' hox dw iKqwb idvwieAw, ijnHW iek`ilAW phwV dI inAweIN ho bwhrI jrvwixAW nUM ies DrqI vl Awaux qoN hmySW leI rok id`qw[ jrvwixAW dw ieh kwl c`kr 800 swl qoN jwrI sI[ ieM\ au~qrI Bwrq dy lokW Aqy ^ws kr pMjwbIAW nUM is`KW dy BwrI AihswnmMd hoxw cwhIdw hY[ d`KxI Bwrq (ihMdusqwn) dy lokW nUM kmzor q`k 1757 eIsvI iv`c bdySI kirMdy 'eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI' dy nW hyT ivaupwr krn dy mksd nwl dyS iv`c prvyS kr gey[ ienHW iqMn dhwikAW iv`c hI d`KxI Bwrq nUM Awpxw gulwm bxw ilAw[ ie`QoN dy rjvwVy iPrMgI dy JolI cu`k bx aunHW dw pwxI Brn l`gy[ ieh iPrMgI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM BwrI qwkqvr jwx ky aus dy ijauNdy jI A`gy nw v`D sky[ ienHW SYqwn lokW ny d`KxI Bwrq 'qy Awpxw kbjw bcwaux leI Syirey-pMjwb nwl im`qRqw dIAW sMDIAW vI kIqIAW[ pr ienHW sMDIAW ip`Cy DoKw, Cl-bl Aqy ivSvwSGwq CuipAw hoieAw sI[ ijauN hI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw AMq hoieAw iPrMgI ny AwpxI Pu`t pwaU nIqI Apxw ky gdwr fogirAW nUM rwj Bwg dw lwlc dy ky gMF ilAw[ is`K rwj AMdr vYNqUrw vrgy nOkrW nUM eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI iv`c (xi)

nOkrI dy ky is`K rwj Aqy is`K &Oj dy swry Byq pRwpq kr ley[ AwKIr Kwnw-jMgI krw ky is`K rwj 'qy pUrI qrHW kwbz ho gey[ ieh TIk hY Aqy s`c hY ik kudrq dy AsUl Anuswr sMswr 'qy koeI vI cIz siQr nhIN hY[ rwj Bwg dwqy dI bKiSS nwl hI imldy hn Aqy aus dy hukm nwl ^qm ho jWdy hn[ Swh muhMmd dy vI bol hn : sdw nhIN jy dOlqW PIl GoVy, sdw nhIN jy rwijAW dyS mIAW[ Swh muhMmdw sdw nw rUp dunIAW, sdw rhy nw kwlVy kys mIAW[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mhwrwxI ijMdW (ijMd kOr) ny is`K rwj dy fu`bdy byVy nUM bcwaux leI idl qoV koiSSW kIqIAW, jylHW J`lIAW, ie`klOqy pu`qr dw vyCoVw sihAw[ auh iPrMgI qoN Awpxw ie`zq mwx, jq, sq qy p`q bcwaux leI dUjy dyS dy rwjy kol jMglW bIAwbwnW Aqy phwVW iv`c dI huMdI hoeI Bu`KI iqhweI rih Aqy mMgqMg ky pyt dI Bu`K imtwauNdI Aqy A`q dy duKVy J`l ky nypwl phuMcI[ Syr idl ijMdW dw mùK mMqv sI ik AMgryzW dI ADIngI nhIN kbUlxI[ ies dy srIr dIAW rgW AMdr gurU nwnk dyv jI dI nwm bwxI dy bol Aqy srbMs dwnI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI bKSI phul dI AMimRqDwrw vih rhI sI[ isMGW Aqy isMGxIAW dIAW kIqIAW gOrvmeI kurbwnIAW qW ieh hr roz Ardws iv`c aucwrn krdI hI sI[ mhwrwxI Drm iv`c prp`k sI[ ieh Sbd 'ijnHW mwqwvW BYxW ny jylWH 'c bYT svw svw mx pIsxy pIsy, b`icAW dy hwr glW iv`c toty-toty kr ky puAwey KMnIKMnI 'qy gujwrw kIqw pr Drm nhIN hwirAw' aus dy idl AMdr p`ky qOr 'qy bYTy hoey sn[ ies Dwrimk prp`kqw kwrn ijMd kOr ny Awpxy pùqr dlIp isMG ijs nUM AMgryzW ny eIsweI bxw id`qw sI, eIsweIAq iqAwg ky dubwrw qoN is`K Drm gRihx krvw id`qw[ mhwrwxI dw ieh kdm bVw hI pRBwvSwlI qy dlyrI BirAw Aqy iPrMgI dy mUMh 'qy cpyV sI[ ies qoN ielwvw ijMdW ny dlIp isMG nUM pRyrnw id`qI ik pu`qr qUM AwpxI rihMdI ijMdgI pMjwbIAW nUM AMgryzW dI gulwmI qoN KihVw Cfwaux leI lgweIN qW ik auh jwgrUk ho ky AwzwdI dw sMGrS ArMB dyx[ AwpxI mW dy ienHW SbdW 'qy Pu`l cVHwaux leI dlIp isMG ny (xii)

qn dyhI nwl bVIAW koiSSW kIqIAW pr kudrq ny swQ nw id`qw[ ijs kwrn aus dw hr rMg bdrMg ho igAw,hr kMm nUM ADrMg ho igAw idn dI roSnI dw kwlw rMg ho igAw, mwno nsIb sV gey, pqJV vI nhIN sI AweI, gulSn dy Pu`l sV gey, v`fI glqI kIqI AMgryz bx ky, gurU nwnk dw audyS Xwd nw irhw[ mhwrwxI ijMdW qW iPrMgI dy k`tV ivroDI sI[ jy aus nUM bdnwm kIqw qW auh sn fogry gdwr ijnHW dy h`Q iv`c aus smyN rwjnIiqk qwkq sI[ iPrMgI pRqI mhwrwxI ny Awpxy pu`qr dlIp isMG nUM AwiKAw sI "pu`qr! myry nwl AnrQ nw krIN[ mqW myry moeI hoeI dy hMJU vI ibgwinAW dI DrqI 'qy Fih ky aus inrdeI AMgryz srkwr A`gy &irAwd krdy hox, ijs ny swrI aumr myry nwl iensw& nhIN kIqw[ myry srIr dw ie`k vI ikxkw ienHW zwlmW dI DrqI 'qy nw ifgx dyeIN[ qUM Awpxy dyS pMjwb Aqy pMjwbIAW nwl snyh, lgwau qy ipAwr r`KIN[" so mhwrwxI ny pMjwb dI Awn, Swn Aqy is`KI vrwsq nUM kwiem r`Kx leI Awpxw jIvn kurbwn kr id`qw[ ieM\ mhwrwxI dw AYsw AwdrSk ivhwr, dyS Aqy kOmI ipAwr ie`k lw jvwb imswl hY[ ieh imswl bVI pRyrnw-sRoq Aqy cwnx-munwry dI inAweIN hY[ so aus pRqI ilKxw bxdw hY: mhwrwxI AxK sI dyS pMjwb dI jI[ auh qW klI sI, Pu`l gulwb dI jI[ kOm pRqI aus dI kurbwnI sI, lwjvwb dI jI[ aus dI jIvn gwQw hY, bVI ivrwg dI jI[

ieh pusqk ilKx dw Purnw dws nUM ies kr ky PuirAw ik ie`k qW 2017 iv`c mhwrwxI dw 200 swlw jnm idn Aw irhw hY Aqy dUjw ilKwrIAW ny ies mhwn SKsIAq nUM AxgOilAw kr r`iKAw hY[ mhwrwxI dw jIvn ie`k mhwn ieiqhwsk Gtnw hY[ ieiqhws kOmW dI ijMd-jwn Aqy SISy dI inAweIN huMdw hY[ ijhVIAW kOmW Awpxy ieiqhws nUM Bu`l jWdIAW hn auh smW pw ky DrqI qoN ^qm ho jWdIAW hn[ kOm dy puriKAW dIAW pweIAW, kurbwnIAW, J`ly du`KVy Aqy pRwpq kIqIAW s&lqwvW Awaux vwlIAW nslW nUM v`fIAW syDW idMdIAW hn[ (xiii)

dws ny dyS-ivdyS dIAW lwiebRyrIAW qy ikqwb GrW iv`c jw ky mhwrwxI ijMdW sMbMDI gwQwvW dI pVcol kIqI[ aus dy jIvn sMbMDI rswilAW, AKbwrW Aqy ieMtrnY~t 'qy pweIAW ilKqW pVH ky ieh KrVw gurU ikrpw sdkw iqAwr kIqw[ ies iv`c srl, lok bolI Aqy TyTH pMjwbI dy Sbd Aqy muhwvry vrqx dI koiSS kIqI hY qW ik pwTk swrI iviQAw nMU sihjy hI smJ skx[ Aws krdw hW ik pwTk jn ies pusqk nUM pVH ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy is`K rwj, aus dI mhwrwxI ijMdW dI du`K BrI gwQw, gdwrW v`loN kIqI gdwrI qy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nwl iPrMgI v`loN kIqy BYVy vrqwau qoN cMgI qrHW jwxUM ho skxgy[ ho skdw hY ik ieiqhwsk Aqy iv`dvqw p`KoN ieh Koj ksOtI 'qy nw au~qry ikauNik dws qW ie`k swieMsdwn irhw hY[ pMjwbI vI dsvIN q`k hI pVHI sI[ ies leI Bu`l-cu`k dI muAw&I cwhuMdw hY[ dws pRo&Ysr surjIq isMG, hrjIq isMG Aqy srdwr hrcMd isMG jI bwgVI swihb dw qih idloN DMnvwdI hY ijnHW Awpxy GrylU ruJiy vAW iv`cNo smW k`F ky ies ikqwb dy KrVy nUM bhuq hI ghu nwl pVH ky Awpxy ivcwr klmbMd kIqy hn Aqy vfmu`ly suJwA vI id`qy[ dws AwpxI supqnI rwijMdr pwl kOr (syvw mukq, pMjwbI lYkcrwr) dw vI irxI hY ijs ny bVI imhnq nwl ieh KrVw piVHAw Aqy keI soDW kIqIAW[ sRI mqI srlw rwxI dw vI bhuq DMnvwd ijs ny h`Q ilKq nUM tweIp kIqw[ AwKIr 'qy dws Awpxy mwqw ipqw dw vI AiqAMq DMnvwdI hY, ijnHW myrI iv`idAw dI pUrqI leI bVw v`fw sihXog id`qw[ DMnvwd sihq[ imqI 27-11-2016 hrBjn isMG syKoN swbkw pRoPYsr qy ieMcwrz (dwl sYkSn) plWt brIifMg ivBwg, pMjwb KyqIbwVI XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw[

(xiv)

AiDAwie 1 mu`Flw jIvn pRBU dI swjI invwjI kudrq bhuq hI inrwlI, ivsmwdI Aqy ivkwsSIl hY[ ieh srb ivAwpk hox kr ky ies iv`c AMqW dy AwkwrW Aqy swkwrW dI Brmwr hY[ AYsy mUrqImwn jIvW iv`coN mnu`KI jIvn bhuq hI durl`B, soJIvwn, ivkwsmeI Aqy srb prDwn hY[ ieh Awm dyKx iv`c AwauNdw hY ik jdoN kdy mnu`KI s`iBAwcwr, sMklp, ivcwrDwrw, smwijk, AwriQk Aqy Dwrimk kdrW-kImqW 'qy koeI qwkq s`t mwrn dI koiSS krdI hY qW auh mwlk suDweI leI kRWqIkwrI rUhW nUM AwpxI klw vrqw ky sMswr 'qy Byjdw hY[ auh rUhW Awpxy jIvn &ls&y nUM AmlI rUp dyx leI Aqy rUhwnI bulMdIAW dI pRwpqI leI qqpr ho ky jIvn GoL jwrI rKdIAW hn, BwvyN aunHW nUM ikqny vI kSt ikauN nw shwrny pYx[ A`j qoN do sO swl pihlW sMn 1817 iv`c AYsI hI ie`k mhwn rUh srdwr mMnw isMG AOlK, ipMf cwhV, qihsIl j&rvwl, izlwH isAwlkot (pwiksqwn) dy gRih ivKy aus dI CotI DI vjoN pYdw hoeI[ ieh bwlkI bhuq hI suMdr, KUbsUrq, gorI-inSoh Aqy husIn sI[ prvwr ny ies dw ichn-c`kr q`k nW ijMdW (ijMd kOr) r`K id`qw[ ijvyN ieh v`fI huMdI geI ies dw goL ichrw, cOVw-m`Qw, iq`Kw n`k ies dy rUp nUM cwr cMn lw irhw sI[ ijMdW dIAW motIAW motIAW A`KW iv`c A`q dI cmk-dmk sI[ jdoN ieh muitAwr hoeI qW ies dw bybwk bdn Aqy BtkIlw ichrw mwno Ap`CrW (hUrW-prI) dw pRqIk sI[ ieh idl dI dlyr, AxKvwlI Aqy mnsUbyvwj sI[ ijMdW dI soc bhuq sMjIdw, gMBIr Aqy jzbwqI sI[ ies dw idl vI bVw ikRpwlU, idAwlU Aqy KulyH suBwA vwlw sI[ ies dw Awcrn kMcn vrgw Aqy guris`KI dy Amol ivrsy iv`c pRp`k sI[ prvwr ny AwpxI ipAwrI Aqy sicAwrI bytI nUM du`D, dhIN, m`Kx Awid cMgw KuAw ky bVy lwfW, cwvW Aqy mlHwrW nwL pwilAw ies nUM gurmuKI iv`idAw, gurbwxI pVHn dw AiBAws Aqy smyN dI loV Anuswr isMGxIAW vwly krq`v dI isKlweI vI id`qI[ ieM\ ieh suGV, infr Aqy guxvMqI hox kr ky 1

prvwr dy ivhVy dw iSMgwr sI[ sohx isMG sIql ny ies dy guxW nUM ieiqhwskwrW dIAW ilKqW pVH ky klmbMd kIqw hY: mMnw isMG srdwr dy, mihlIN AweI bhwr[ jMmI dyvI surg dI, rUp ijMdW dw Dwr[ p`t, pMGUVy JUtdI, hoeI jd muitAwr[ moihAw mn rxjIq dw auh dy rUp Apwr[

ikauNik ijMdW Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI rwxI bx geI sI[ ies ny aus dI mOq auprMq is`K rwj nUM &rMgIAW dy kbzy qoN bcwaux leI kw&I sMGrS kIqw sI[ ies leI ieiqhwskwrW ny mhwrwxI nUM v`K v`K ruqibAW nwL slwihAw hY[ iksy ny ies nUM pMjwb dI msIhw, iksy ny pMjwb dI mlkw, iksy ny pMjwb dI AxK, iksy ny pMjwb dI SyrnI, iksy ny ijMdw idl vwlI, iksy ny AMgryzI srkwr leI kMfy dI inAweIN Awid iKqwbW nwl Xwd kIqw[ pr ivroDIAW ny ies nUM bwgI, rwj DRohI, ivdrohI, gdr mcwaux vwlI, A`KV, clwk Aqy m`kwr qIvIN vI iliKAw hY[ lwrf AYln bro ilKdw hY ik bwlk dlIp isMG dI mW mrdW vwLI dlyrI r`Kx vwlI AOrq hY[ lwrf flhOzI ibAwndw hY ik ijMdW iv`c coKI qy FUMGI sUJ hY[ aus nUM pMjwb iv`c rihx dyxw AMgryzW leI ^qrnwk hovygw, so pMjwboN dUr hI r`KI jwvy[

ijMdW mhwrwxI ikvyN bxI? ijMdW dw ipqw mMnw isMG mMinAw-pRmMinAw GoV svwr Aqy ku`iqAW dw cMgw SOkIn sI[ mhwrwjy ny Awpxy drbwr iv`c ies nUM Royal Kennals (ku`qy-Gr) dw ieMcwrj bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ suBwA p`KoN ieh bVw cqr, dlIlbwz Aqy kOqkI sI[ srdwr rxjIq isMG nwL ies dI cMgI bYTxI-au~TxI sI[ imlwpVw, mKOlIAw, im`TbolVw Aqy KuS idl hox kr ky g`lW bwqW 'c aus nwL cMgw id`lprcwvw kr lYNdw sI[ jy. AY~s. ivrdI ny 20 AkqUbr 2001 nUM dI trIibaUn (The Tribune) iv`c mulk rwj AwnMd dI ilKq dw hvwlw dy ky iliKAw hY ik keI lok ies g`l dI Awlocnw krdy hn ik rxjIq isMG ny vfyrI 2

(55 swl) aumr iv`c SwdI ikauN rcweI? auh ilKdy hn ik keI pusqkW dy ieiqhwsk q`QW Anuswr mMnw isMG AwpxI b`cI nUM keI vwr moiFAW 'qy cu`k mhwrwjy dI b`GI dy nwL nwL dOVdw sI[ auh vwr vwr &irAwd krdw sI "rwjn! ieh b`cI myry isr 'qy Bwr hY[ mYN cwhuMdw hW ik qusIN ies nUM AwpxI rwxI bxw lvo"[ Syir-ey-pMjwb ny idAwlqw idKwauNdy hoey mMnw isMG dI bynqI svIkwr kr leI nwl hI hukm kIqw ik ies 13 swl dI b`cI nUM cMgI prvS leI rwjw iDAwn isMG dy dyK ryK hyT Byj idau[ ies dI cMgI Kurwk, dyK-BwL, bsqrW, ksrq Aqy KuS gvwr mhOl leI 5000 rupey pRqI mhInw B`qw vI mu`krr kr id`qw[ mMnw isMG dw AwpxI DI nUM moiFAW 'qy cu`k ky mhwrwjy dI b`GI nwl dOVn dI pRoVqw srnw jI ny vI AwpxI pusqk 'jlwvqnI' iv`c kIqI hY[ sohx isMG sIql Anuswr mMnw isMG dw pRvwr AwpxI DI dw irSqw mhwrwjy nwL gMFx dw ie`Cuk sI[ aunHW dy kQn muqwbk im`q isMG BVwxIey dy lVky jvwlw isMG dw ivAwh ijMdW dI v`fI BYx nwl hoieAw hoieAw sI[ jvwlw isMG mhwrwjy dI &Oj iv`c isr k`FvW srdwr sI[ ies ny ijMdW dI SwdI bwry Syir-ey-pMjwb 'qy bhuq zor pwieAw Aqy bcolgI kIqI[ iehnW ilKqW iv`coN sohx isMG jI sIql dw kQn TIk lgdw hY[ pihlI g`l ieh ik mMnw isMG mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy drbwr iv`c cMgy Ahudy 'qy sI Aqy cMgI jwiedwd dw mwlk sI[ ies leI AwpxI CotI DI ijMdW jo bhuq hI ipAwrI, dulwrI Aqy sicAwrI sI, aus nUM auh Awpxy isr 'qy Bwr ikvyN kih skdw sI[ hW aus ny Awpxw nwmxw vDwaux leI ijMdW dI SwdI mhwrwjy nwl krn leI Awpxy DI-juAweI 'qy zrUr jor pwieAw hovygw[ gurbwxI Anuswr huMdw auhI hY jo Dur drgwhoN m`Qy qy Bwg ilKy huMdy hn[ iPr CotI v`fI aumr vI AiVcx nhIN bxdI[ dUjI g`l aunHIN idnI Srm qy Drm 'qy pUrw pihrw id`qw jWdw sI[ koeI vI mW bwp AwpxI juAwn kuAwrI DI nUM nw qW bhuqw GroN hI bwhr inklx dI iejwzq idMdy sn Aqy nw hI aus nUM iksy prwey dy spurd krn dI soc r`Kdy sn[

keI ieiqhwskwrW dIAW ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik ijMdW dI SwdI leI koeI jM\ nhIN Fu`kI, koeI Fol-Fm`kw nhIN hoieAw Aqy kyvl kryvy (Dwrimk pRikRAw vgYr SwdI) dI rsm hI hoeI[ rxjIq isMG ny Awpxy v`loN ie`k qIr kmwn qy ie`k ikrpwn mMnw isMG dy gRih ivKy ByjI[ pr sohx isMG sIql AwpxI pusqk 'mhwrwxI ijMdW' dy pMnw 12 aup`r ilKdy hn ik pMjwb dy coxvyN srdwr qy nvwb Syry pMjwb dI jM\ nwL Awey[ ijMdW dw ivAwh bVI DUm-Dwm nwL hoieAw[ auhdy mn dI murwd pUrI ho geI[ foly iv`c bYTI auh Awpxy l`KW rupieAW dy gihixAW v`l vyK rhI sI[ mwipAW dI ijMdW rwxI bx ky lwhOr Aw geI[ aus nUM sMmx burj dy nwL dy mihl iv`c auqwirAw igAw[ mhwrwxI nUM golIAW ny moiFAW qoN PVH ky Awdr nwL Swndwr plMG 'qy ibTwieAw[ so ikvyN vI hoieAw ijMdW Syir-ey-pMjwb dI mhwrwxI bx geI[ Asl iv`c purwqn simAW AMdr lok Awpxy Grwxy dI soBw, nwmxw Aqy mwx vDwaux leI rwijAW nUM AwpxIAW suMdr lVkIAW Awp pyS krdy sn[ ie`k ie`k rwjy dIAW sNYkVy hI rwxIAW huMdIAW sn[ keI vwr qW auh A`q KUbsUrq juAwn muitAwr dyK ky D`ky nwL AwpxI rwxI bxw lYNdy sn[ jIvn dw ^yf-qmwSw ipCly kIqy krmW dy sMjog ivjog kwrn hI hY[ gurU nwnk dyv jI ny jpu bwxI 'c drj kIqw hY: sMjogu ivjogu duie kwr clwvih lyKy Awvih Bwg] (ö)

ies qrHW gurU jI ny mwJ rwg dI vwr AMdr iliKAw hY: cauQY ipAwir aupMnI Kyf] pMjvY Kwx pIAx kI Dwqu] iCvY kwmu n puCY jwiq] (ñó÷)

Bwv ies ipAwr dI Kyf iv`c jwq, pwq jW rMg Awid vI nhIN dyiKAw jWdw[ ieiqhws iv`c Aijhw koeI hvwlw nhIN imldw ik rxjIq isMG ny D`ky nwl iksy nUM AwpxI rwxI bxwieAw hovy[ ijMdW nUM vI aus ny aus dy ipqw v`loN Aqy srdwr jvwlw isMG v`loN zor pwaux 'qy rwxI bxwieAw[ ipAwrw isMG pdm ny AwpxI pusqk 'sMKyp is`K

ieiqhws' iv`c mhwrwjy dIAW pMj rwxIAW (mihqwb kOr, rwj kOr, rqn kOr, dXw kOr qy ijMd kOr) dw izkr hI kIqw hY ijnHW qoN KVk isMG, Syr isMG, qwrw isMG, mulqwnw isMG, kSmIrw isMG, ipSorw isMG qy dlIp isMG 7 pu`qr hoey, BwvyN keI ieiqhwskwrW ny vDyry rwxIAW hox dI g`l vI ilKI hY[ kwm vwSnw bhuq hI Gwqk hox kr ky ienswn dI sRySt bu`DI dw nwS kr idMdI hY[ ieh bMdy nUM Drm qoN fyg ky piq`q kr idMdI hY[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG vI ie`k vwr ies dw iSkwr hoieAw jdoN aus ny muslmwn vysvw 'morW' ijhVI bhuq rUpvMd sI nwl ipAwr krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ieh dyK ky ^wlsw roh iv`c Aw igAw[ pr mhwrwjy iv`c inmrqw Aqy hlImI dyKo[ jdoN Akwl q^q, AMimRqsr 'qy pyS hox leI hukm AwieAw qW ie`k inmwxy is`K vWg hwzr hoieAw Aqy ies kukrm leI dovyN h`Q joV jQydwr Akwl q^q, isMG swihb AkwlI &ulw isMG qoN muAw&I mMgI[ jd gurmqw suxwieAw igAw ik qyry AOh iemlI dy dr^q nwl bMnH ky sO korVy pYxy hn[ rxjIq isMG ny korVy Kwx leI AwpxI kmIz auqwr id`qI[ pMjwb dy Syr nUM drKq nwl bMinHAW igAw[ mhwrwjw dy AYsy Jukw nUM dyKidAW j`Qydwr ny ie`k korVw mwrn leI isMG XoDy nUM hukm kr id`qw[ ies ny KuSI KuSI korVw sih ilAw[ so ieh g`l ie`k is`K rwjy dI mhwnqw Aqy Kwlsw pMQ dy AsUlW qy SkqI nUM drswauNdI hY[ AYsI mhwn soc kwrn hI Syirey-pMjwb hrmn ipAwrw sI Aqy hY vI[ nvIN nmyl rwxI pRqI mhwrwjy dy idl AMdr fUMGI iK`cH sI[ A`goN rwxI vI suMdr sUrq dI mUrq Aqy iK`cH qy iKVwau dw kyNdr sI[ ijMdW dw husn Aqy pRIq q`k ky rxjIq isMG aus nUM byh`d ipAwr krn l`igAw[ sohx isMG sIql dI ilKq muqwbk mhwrwjy ny aus nUM 'mihbUbw' (pRwx ipAwrI) dw i^qwb id`qw[ ieM\ idn-bidn rwjyrwxI dw vD irhw ipAwr dyK dUjIAW rwxIAW dy mnW AMdr eIrKw Aqy swVw auqpMn hox l`g ipAw[ BwvyN dUjIAW rwxIAW dw Awps iv`c cuglI-inMidAw dw dOr qW pihlW qoN hI cldw sI pr ijMdW ny Aijhy vrqwau qoN Awpxy Awp nUM dUr r`iKAw[ auh sB nUM AwpxIAW v`fIAW BYxW dI qrHW smJx l`gI[ jykr koeI rwxI ijMdW pws Aw ky 5

dUjIAW dy ivroD 'c kwnwPUsI krdI qW ieh cup kr jWdI ikauNik ies dy kMnW iv`c ieh Sbd pey hoey sn ik 'ie`k cùp sO sùK' ! inrml bu`DI kr ky ieh smJdI sI ik kMn 'c kIqI g`l vI kdy gu`JI nhIN rihMdI, ijvyN swgr nUM ku`jI 'c bMd nhIN kIqw jw skdw Aqy ieSk vI kdy CuipAw nhIN rihMdw[ cMgy suBwA kwrn ijMdW swry rwj-mihl iv`c hr-mn ipAwrI ho geI[ mhwrwjw vI keI vwr ies nUM dUjIAW rwxIAW dy iKAwlW bwry pu`C lYNdw sI[ au~qr iv`c ieh kih idMdI ik auh s`By myrIAW v`fIAW BYxW hn[ ijMdW dy rihx leI dUjIAW rwxIAW dy mukwbly mihl vI Cotw sI pr ies dy mn iv`c rhwieS pRqI koeI rMjS nhIN sI[ qwrIKdwnW dy kQn Anuswr fogrw rwjw iDAwn isMG idl dw bVw Kotw sI[ auh mhwrwjw Aqy ijMdW dI cMgI nyVqw nUM jr nhIN sI irhw[ ie`k vwr ies ny rxjIq isMG kol ie`k fogrI mhW suMdr muitAwr dI g`l qorI[ rwj Bwg iv`c Awpxy bol-bwly nUM hor pikAwaux leI iDAwn isMG cwhuMdw sI ik srkwr aus fogrI nUM AwpxI rwxI bxw lvy[ pr srkwr ny ieh kih ky iDAwn isMG dw mUMh bMd kr id`qw ik "bMdw tIsI 'qy phuMc ky jykr mn iv`c aus qoN v`D dI ie`Cw r`Ky qW toey iv`c hI ifgdw hY"[

dlIp isMG dI pYdwieS sMswr AMdr hr iesqrI dI cwhnw huMdI hY ik auh mW bxy[ BwvyN is`KI AMdr pu`qr Aqy pu`qrI iv`c koeI AMqr nhIN smiJAw jWdw pr mu`K soc iehI huMdI hY ik myrI god iv`c pu`qr Kyfy[ pu`qr nUM vMS dw inSwn smiJAw jWdw hY ikauNik pùqrW dy nW 'qy vMS A`gy qurdI hY[ CyvyN pwqSwh sRI gurU hir goibMd swihb jI nUM ie`k &kIr ny jdoN &kIrI dI mhwnqw bwry pu`iCAw qW au~qr sI, "&kIr jI! sMswr AMdr iesqrI iemwn hY, pu`qr inSwn hY, mwieAw guzrwn hY Aqy &kIrI mhwn hY[" cMgy BwgW kr ky 2 sqMbr 1838 nUM ijMdW dI ku`KoN dlIp pYdw hoieAw[ jdoN Syr idl rxjIq isMG ny pu`qr dI Kbr suxI qW KuSI dI h`d dyKI nhIN jw rhI sI[ mhwrwjy ny Akwl purK dw DMnvwd kIqw 6

Aqy swrw rwj drbwr KuSI dy jSnW iv`c jut igAw[ rwxI ijMdW vI KuSI iv`c Pu`lI nhIN smw rhI sI[ rwxIAW, srdwr Aqy drbwrIAW v`loN vDweI dyx leI qWqw b`J igAw[ rwjy ny kMgwlW dIAW dwn nwl JolIAW Br id`qIAW[ lwhOr Sihr iv`c bVw Fol-Fm`kw v`j irhw sI[ nv jMmy pu`qr dy drSn kr ky Syir-ey-pMjwb ny KuSI 'c Aw ky ijMdW nUM 'mhwrwxI' dw iKqwb Aqy kImqI hIry moqIAW nwl jiVAw hwr id`qw[ dUjIAW rwxIAW ny vI b`cy nUM jyvr Awid ByNt kIqy Aqy Gu`t Gu`t ky ipAwr kIqw[ siqgurW dw DMnvwd krn leI bwrWdrI 'c sRI guUrU gRMQ swihb jI dw pRkwS krwieAw igAw[ rwgI isMGW ny gurbwxI dy mhW bolW dw rs iBMnw kIrqn kIqw[ b`cy dy nwm krn leI 'd' A`Kr jo gur vwk dw pihlw A`Kr sI vrq ky kMvr dlIp isMG r`iKAw[ nvqyj srnw mUjb mhwrwjy ny ikhw, "AsIN ies dw nW Qwnysr dy mhwn sMq dy nW 'qy dlIp r`KWgy[ vwihgurU ies nUM sMqW ijhI isAwxp bKSy"[ dlIp dw muhWdrw AwpxI mW nwl myl KWdw sI[ ipqw mwqw dovyN ies nUM hsUM hsMU krdy nUM dyK KuSI nwl auCldy sn[ sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn ik kudrq ienHW dy hwsy nUM q`k Cup ky muskrw rhI sI: kudriq rwxI aus 'qy, quTI ikrpw Dwr[ bKiSAw lwl dlIp isMG, mihlW dw srdwr[ iksmq nwl ivAMg dy, h`sI mUMh pswr[ rolWgI prdys mYN, ieh lwlW dw hwr[ 'sIql' hwrn lyK jW, Pu`l bxn AMigAwr[

rwxI ijMdW ny Awpxy nrm, koml, surIly Aqy muskrwht Bry AMdwz nwL mhwrwjy nUM pUrI qrHW moihq kr r`iKAw sI[ aus dI hlImI, ijMdw idlI Aqy Awqm ivSvwS kwrn mhwrwjw aus 'qy pUrn Brosw krdw sI[ ijMdW ny cwr ku swl (1835-1839) q`k rwj mihlW dI BwrI syj mwxI Aqy cihl-pihl dyKI[ Syir-ey-pMjwb nwL dUrdrwfy jw ky suMdr mihl qy AtwrIAW jo iklHw numw sn dw AwnMd mwixAw Aqy ieiqhwsk vsqW ghu nwl q`kIAW[ srkwr nwl rih 7

ky srkwrI BydW Aqy rh`sW dI jwxkwrI pRwpq kIqI[ aus nUM kI pqw sI ik Awaux vwlw smW bVw rMj, gm Aqy du`K BrIAW kwlIAW rwqW vwlw hovygw[ su`K Aqy du`K CW vWg hn[ du`K mgroN su`K Aqy su`K mgroN du`K AwauNdw hY[ gurbwxI dy bol hn: duKu dwrU suKu rog BieAw]

ieh vI Awm kihx iv`c AwauNdw hY 'surgoN nrk qy nrkoN surg'[ ikauNik su`KW iv`c ienswn aus sweIN nUM Bu`l jWdw hY ijs ny aus nUM ieh mnu`Kw jIvn id`qw[ pr jdoN du`K pYNdy hn qW sweIN A`gy dùKW 'coN k`Fx leI bwr bwr ArdwsW krdw hY, aus dw jwp krdw hY[ iPr mwlk KuS ho ky aus nUM v`fy Ahudy bKS idMdw hY[

Syir-ey-pMjwb dI mOq mhwrwjw ADrMg (Parailysis) dy hmly nwl pIVq ho igAw[ BwvyN ies rog dw hmlw pihlW vI do vwr aus aup`r hoieAw sI ijhVw &kIr AzIz au~ddIn dI dvweI nwL TIk ho igAw sI pr ies vwr dw hmlw bVw gMBIr sI[ hkImW ny cMgI qoN cMgI dvweI id`qI, iPr vI auh ibmwrI au~qy kwbU pwaux iv`c s&l nw hoey[ AMq iv`c AMgRyzI fwktr ny AMgRyzI dvweI vrq ky ielwj SurU kIqw AwKIr auh vI As&l irhw[ pMjwb dw Syr idnoN idn kmzorI hox kr ky sdw plMG 'qy lyitAw rihMdw sI[ aus dI AYsI hwlq dyK rwxI ijMdW icMqw iv`c gRsq sI[ auh Awpxy Coty ijhy lwl v`l dyK Biv`K bwry socW 'c peI rihMdI sI[ swry srdwr Aqy drbwrI vI bycYn KwmoSI iv`c sn[ rwjw iDAwn isMG ny iklHy dy swry drvwjy bMd krvw id`qy qW ik bhuqy lok mhwrwjw nUM imlx nw Awaux[ ijMdW bwr bwr pRBU A`gy Awpxy pqI dI ishqXwbI leI Ardws krdI sI[ aus dI dwsI mMglW rwxI mhwrwxI nUM bVw Drvwsw idMdI sI pr AYsI hwlq iv`c mn ik`Qy itkdw hY? gurU GrW, fyirAW, mMdrW qy msIqW iv`c vI mhwrwjy dI ishq 'c suDwr sMbMDI pRwrQnwvW kIqIAW jw rhIAW sn pr kwl A`gy iksy dw vs nhIN cldw, jo jMimAW hY aus dw ie`k idn AMq hoxw hI hY cwhy auh rwjw hY, rMk hY jW &kIr hY[ Dur drgwhoN imly swh Gt vD nhIN skdy[ srkwr dI hwlq jdoN bhuq ivgV geI qW aus nUM plMG qoN cùk 8

ky DrqI 'qy ivCy suMdr ivCOxy qy iltw id`qw[ ieh purwqn irvwj sI jo smW bIqx nwl A`j klH ^qm ho igAw hY[ AMq nUM mOq rwxI ny aus mhwn s^SIAq dy swh iK`c ley[ ieh pqw l`gx 'qy cwry pwsy rox Dox dI kurlwht m`c geI sB rwxIAW DwhW mwr ky ro rhIAW sn[ hryk drbwrI dy A`KW 'coN hMJU vg rhy sn ikauNik mhwrwjw sB nUM bVw ipAwr qy siqkwr idMdw sI[ lokweI aus nUM mhwn rihbr dI inAWeI smJdI sI[ sohx isMG sIql mhwrwxI ijMdW dI idlI hwlq bwry ieM\ ibAwn krdy hn: moieAw Syr pMjwb dw, Dwh ijMdW mwrI[ auh dy Bw dI ault geI, A`j dunIAW swrI[ q^qoN DrqI Fih geI, auh rwj dulwrI[ mihlIN vsdI mOq nMU, nw dyK shwrI[

mhwrwjy dI mOq ny aus hUrW prI dI suMdrqw m`Dm pw id`qI, KuAwbW dw mlIAwmyt kr id`qw, jIvn bhwr nUM pqJV 'c bdl id`qw qy Awpxy prvwr dy ipAwr, siqkwr, KuSI KyVy KMB lw ky au~f gey[ srkwr dy sskwr leI bbwx iqAwr hox l`igAw[ fogrw iDAwn isMG Aqy ihMdU m`q dy hor mohrIAW ny 4 rwxIAW Aqy 7 bdiksmq KUbsUrq golIAW nUM swihb nwl sqI hox leI iqAwr krvw id`qw[ ienHW ijMdW 'qy vI zor pwieAw pr aus ny gurmiq mirXwdw nUM mu`K rKidAW Aqy dlIp isMG vl dyK sqI hox qoN nWh kr id`qI[ jykr aus smyN AkwlI PUlw isMG ijauNdw huMdw qW aus ny AYsI ikRAw nhIN sI hox dyxI[ qIjy siqgurW gurU Amr dws jI ny is`KI AMdr sqI pRQw ^qm krvw id`qI sI[ aunHW AwiKAw ijauNdy jIA Awpxy pqI nwL sV blxw AwqmGwq hY[ sRI gurU gRMQ jI AMdr drz hY: sqIAw eyih n AwKIAin jo miVAw lig jlMin@] nwnk sqIAw jwxIAin@ ij ibrhy cot mrMin@ BI so sqIAw jwxIAin sIl sMqoiK rhMin@] syvin sweI Awpxw inq auiT smwlMin@ ] (÷ø÷)

mhwrwjy dy srIr lwgy igAwnI gurbwxI dw pwT aucwrn kr 9

rhy sn[ bRwhmx kol bYTy gIqw pVH rhy sn[ rwxIAW mihlW 'c bYTIAW ro rhIAW sn qy srkwr nUM Xwd kr AOsIAW pw rhIAW sn[ keIAW nUM gS pY rhy sn[ ieSnwn krvw ky qy suMdr bsqr pihnw ky srkwr dy srIr nUM bbwx iv`c r`K ky iklHy qoN bwhr keI sqMbW vwLy q^qgwh iv`c ilAWdw igAw qW ik srkwr, przw, drbwrI qy rwxIAW AMiqm drSn kr skx[ mhwrwjy dI mOq A`g l`gx dI qrHW v`K v`K ielwikAW iv`c phuMc geI[ lok Awpxy SihnSwh dy drSnW leI lwhOr phuMcxy SurU ho gey[ nvqyj srnw ilKdy hn ik ArQI dy A`gy A`gy jw rhy rwgI Sbd gw rhy sn[ aunHW dy ip`Cy ip`Cy bRwhmxW dI tolI sI ijnHW dIAW CwqIAW 'qy isvwey jnyaU dy kuJ nhIN pihinAW sI[ auhnW dy isr Gon mon Aqy m`Qy 'qy iqlk sjy hoey sn[ aunHW dy nwL nwL hI lMbIAW mihMdI rMgIAW dwVHIAW vwly mOlvI jw rhy sn[ aunHW dy ip`Cy srkwr Kud sunihrI sMdl dI l`kVI dy bwbx iv`c suSoBq sI[... lokW ny ies AMiqm Xwqrw 'qy Pu`l p`qIAW inCwvr kIqIAW Aqy qopKwny ny qopW dI slwmI id`qI[ SmSwn Gwt ivKy AgnI dI rsm kMvr KVk isMG ny kIqI[ mhwrwjy nwL cwr rwxIAW Aqy s`q dwsIAW rwK ho geIAW[ igAwnI igAwn isMG ijhVw keI swl mhwrwjy dy drbwr iv`c kvI vjoN irhw ny Awpxy gRMQ 'pMQ pRkwS' dy AiDAwie 112 iv`c mhwrwjy dy sskwr dw nkSw ienHW SbdW nwl ic`iqRAw : mhwrwj ky sRIr, dwh hoq DIr, rovqy AmIr qy &kIr Cf qwb ko[ BwKYN Awj KwkY BeI bIrqweI bIrn kI[ mIrn kI mIrq, AmIrn pRBwv ko[ ihMdun kI ihMd jrI, isMGn kI ijMd jrI, igAwn hrI kvIAn ko, jr go A&qwb ko[ BUpn AwbwdI jrI, lwhOr kI gwdI jrI, jr gXo suhwg Bwg, swgrI pMjwb ko[

smuÌ&#x20AC;cy pMjwb iv`c 13 idn sog mnwieAw igAw[ lwhOr dy bwzwrW dIAW smUh dukwnW bMd rhIAW[ cOQy idn kyvl Anwz dIAW dukwnW KulHIAW qW ik lok zrUrI vsqW KRId skx[ ausy idn hI isvy 'qy phuMc 10

ky AsQIAW cugIAW geIAW[ iPr aunWH nUM pwlkI iv`c pw ky hirduAwr iljw ky jl pRvwh kIqw igAw[ qyrvyN idn sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy r`Ky sihj pwT dy Bog auprMq kIrqn, kQw Aqy AMiqm Ardws kIqI geI[ Syir-ey-pMjwb dy dyhWq auprMq rwjnIqk giq ivDIAW qyzI nwl krvt lYx l`gIAW[ lwlcI, svwrQI, Kudgrz Aqy cODr dy Bu`Ky lUMbVcwlW c`lx l`gy[ kyhir (b`br Syr) dy huMidAW ijnHW ny kdy isr cu`k ky nhIN sI dyiKAw auh ig`dV grdnw au~cIAW kr ky qurn l`gy[ slqnq dI v`fI qwkq &Oj iv`c duPyV pw kMvr KVk isMG dw ivroD krn l`gy[ iPrMgI vloN ienHW nUM rwj Bwg dy mwlk bnwaux leI llcwieAw jw irhw sI[ auh jwxdw sI ik ieh lwlcI srdwr ivkwaU mwl hY Aqy g`dIAW dy Bu`Ky hn[ AMgRyz nUM BlI BWq hI igAwn sI ik is`K srdwr swfw kdy swQ nhIN dyxgy ikauNik ieh zmIr dy p`ky hn[ ies smyN aunHW fogirAW nUM Aqy phwVIAW nUM gMiFAw[ ijMdW dw idl ienHW A`q BYVy, Koty Aqy bdkwr bMidAW ny AYsw duKwieAw, aus dy idl dI Awvwz bwry sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn: h`s h`s ijnHW nwL sI qU XwrI lweI q`k lY kMqw myirAw! aunHW kyhI inBweI qyry bwJoN mYnUM jwpdw jgq ksweI qKqIN hukm clwvMdI PVH jylHIN pweI iksmq vYrwn ho geI iPry KUn iqhweI

AiDAwie 2 ijMdW ny is`K rwj nUM bcwaux leI GwlI Gwlxw pMj dirAwvW dI DrqI 'pMjwb' gurU nwnk dyv jI qoN gurU goibMd isMG jI dy bKSy AwdrSW, kIqIAW mhwn kurbwnIAW Aqy gurU dy isMGW v`loN idKweIAW bhwdrI dIAW mhwn imswlW sdkw sUrimAW dw dyS AKvwaux l`igAw[ aunIvIN sdI dy pihly m`D AMdr Syir-eypMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG 'srkwr-ey-^wlsw' ny ie`k ivSwl is`K rwj sQwpq kIqw[ ieh rwj sqluj dirAw qoN p`Cm v`l A&gwinsqwn dy d`rw ^Ybr q`k &YilAw hoieAw sI[ au~qr v`l ldw^, AskrdU, iq`bq qoN cIn q`k Aqy d`Kx v`l iSkwrpur isMD q`k ies dIAW h`dW jw lgdIAW sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj dy ielwikAW bwry sMn 1977 iv`c bVI idlcsp g`l hoeI[ hrpwl isMG pMnU jI ny meI 30, 2014 qoN jUn 5, 2014 dy 'pMjwb gwrfIAn' AKbwr iv`c Awpxy lyK 'cInI ivdyS mMqrI ny jdoN vwjpweI nUM ^wlsw rwj cyqy krvwieAw' AMdr pMnw 13-18 'qy AMikq kIqw[ 'sMn 1977 iv`c jnqw pwrtI dI kyNdr srkwr bxI, murwrjI dysweI pRDwn mMqrI qy Atl ibhwrI vwjpweI ivdyS mMqrI sn[ aunHW srh`dW dw mslw h`l krn leI cIn dw sdBwvnw dOrw kIqw[ aunHW nwl gey p`qrkwrW dy v&d iv`c rwjmohn gWDI (poqw mhwqmw gWDI) vI Swml sI[ aus ny AwpxI ikqwb (Punjab : A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbaton) iv`c iliKAw, glbwq dOrwn nkSw ivCw ky jd imstr vwjpweI ny iq`bq lyh Aqy ldwK dy ielwikAW aup`r auNgl PyridAW ikhw, "ieh ielwky swfy hn, ienHW au~pr quhwfw kbzw inzwiez hY[ qd cInI ivdyS mMqrI ny ikhw, "nhIN! ieh ielwky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ij`qy sn, ihMdusqwn ny nhIN[ audoN 'srkwr-ey- Kwlsw' sI qy pMjwb v`Krw dyS sI Aqy ihMdusqwn v`Krw sI[ jdoN kdI srkwr-ey-Kwlsw g`lbwq krygI, AsIN suxWgy, quhwfy nwl g`l nhIN ho skdI"[ mhwrwjy dy dyhWq smyN ies slqnq dw Gyrw 1 l`K 45 hzwr murb ` w mIl dy lg Bg sI Aqy slwnw Awmdn 30 kRV o 275 hjwr rupey sI[ kuÌ&#x20AC;l &Oj dI igxqI 1 l`K 23 hjwr 800 juAwn sI[ &Oj kol 384 12

v`fIAW qopW, 480 hlkIAW qopW qy 60 hzwr GoVw sI[ aus smyN Kzwny iv`c 8 kRoV ruipAw nkd qy 80 kRoV qoN v`D dy hIry jvwhrwq Awid sn[ ieh AMkVy ipAwrw isMG pdm dI pusqk 'sMKyp is`K ieiqhws' dy pMnw 146 'qy drz hn[ gurU swihb ny gurbwxI dy mhW bolW rwhIN drswieAw hY ik rwj Bwg clwaux vwLw rwjw ikho ijhw hoxw cwhIdw hY Aqy aus dw rwj kYsw hovy? qKq rwjw so bhY ij qKqy lwiek hoeI] hux hukm hoAw imhrvwx dw] pY koie n iksy r\wx dw sB suKwlI vuTIAw ieh hoAw hlymI rwj jIau]

s`cI g`l ieh hY ik rwj Bwg, q^qo qwj Aqy slqnqW pRBU dI bKiSS nwL hI pRwpq huMdIAW hn[ ieh bwdSwhIAW, SihnSwhIAW, AwlmgIrIAW Aqy srdwrIAW aus dy hukm nwl hI ^qm ho jWdIAW hn[ dwqy dy brdwn Aqy imhr sdkw rxjIq isMG ny Awpxy kwFU idmwg, nrm id`lI Aqy im`Ty bolW nwl bKyVy,JgVy Aqy AwpsI ivroD kwrn iKMfIAW puMfIAW is`K imslW nUM sMgTq kIqw[ muhMmd lqIP dI pusqk 'The History of Punjab' dy pMjwbI Anuvwd pMnw 412 'qy drz hY ik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI Skl sUrq BwvyN bVI bwrq (ksohxI) sI pr aus dy qOr qrIky Aqy bolx dw FMg mnmohxw sI[ pihlW ies ny knHeIAw Aqy nkeI imslW nwL irSqydwrI gMF ky 7 julweI 1799 nUM BMgI imsl dy srdwrW qoN lwhOr Koh ky ies 'qy kbzw kIqw[ iPr ies Sihr nUM Awpxy rwj Bwg dy pRbMD leI rwjDwnI AYlwinAw[ auprMq swrIAW is`K imslW dI SkqI nUM mwlw dy mxikAW vWg ieM\ proieAw ijs SkqI swmHxy nw koeI KVH sikAw, nw koeI AV sikAw Aqy nw hI koeI lV sikAw[ suBwvk qOr 'qy mhwrwjy nUM srdwr hrI isMG nlUAw, AkwlI PUlw isMG Awid vrgy inDVk, Syr idl Aqy pRBU BYA vwly DrmI jrnYl iml gey ijnHW dI bhwdrI dI imswl dunIAW 'qy nhIN imldI[ 13

ieiqhwskwrW Anuswr Syir-ey-pMjwb bhuq hI KulHy, nrm Aqy rihm idl vwlw rwjw sI[ aus dw rwj bhuq hI inAWpUrk, idAwlqw BrpUr, sB nUM brwbr h`k pRdwn krn vwlw, hr ie`k dI &irAwd suxn vwlw Aqy prjw dy JgVy nptwaux vwlw sI[ ies sunihrI Aqy sqjugI rwj AMdr aus ny sB DrmW dy lokW AMdr prspr ipAwr dIAW glv`kVIAW AYsIAW puAweIAW ik hr koeI rwzI KuSI jIvn bqIq krn l`igAw[ Awpxy rwj Bwg nUM suDwrn Aqy hor SkqISwlI bnwaux leI mhwrwjy ny inpolIAn bonwprt dI &Oj iv`c syvw inBw rhy jrnYl vYNqUrw (ieqwlvI) qy jnrl AYlwrf (PrWsIsI) nUM AwpxI &Oj iv`c BrqI kIqw[ Asl iv`c ieh dovyN inpolIAn dy vwtrlU jMg dI hwr ip`CoN nOkrI dI Bwl iv`c lwhOr phuMcy sn[ pr ienHW nUM ies Srq 'qy nOkrI id`qI ik auh v&wdwrI inBwauxgy, qMmwkUnoSI nhIN krngy, dwVHI kys nhIN kqrwauxgy Aqy gaU dw mws nhIN Kwxgy[ ienHW qoN ielwvw ieqwlvI, PrWsIsI, jrmnI, rUsI, AmrIkn, spynI, purqgwlI qy AMgryz lg Bg 72 ivdySI mulwzm sn[ ienHW dw vyrvw ihstorIAn pRym isMG ny AwpxI ikqwb 'bdySI kirMdy' iv`c kIqw hY[ ieM\ rxjIq isMG dy rwj dI DWk kyvl ihMdusqwn 'c hI nhIN blik eySIAw Aqy XUrp q`k vI peI hoeI sI[ mn iv`c gurU pRIqI hox kr ky Syir-ey-pMjwb dUjy rwijAW vWg q^q 'qy nhIN bYiTAw[ auh prjw nUM Awpxw prvwr, dyS kOm dw iSMgwr Aqy aunHW dI Swn-SOkq nUM mu`K r`K ky sB PYsly Aqy hukm kursI 'qy bYT ky hI krdw sI[ aus dy bol sn ik q^q 'qy qW myrw gurU bYTdw hY[ aus ny Awpxy rwj dw nW 'srkwr-ey-^wlsw' Aqy SwhI drbwr dw nW 'drbwr-ey-^wlsw' r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ bsqr vI swdw pihndw sI[ aus ny is`kw vI gurU nwnk dyv dy nW 'qy 'nwnk SwhI' nwm dw jwrI krvwieAw ijs aup`r ieh Sbd auk`ry hoey sn: 'dygo qygo Pqih nusrq bydrMg XwPq Az nwnk gurU goibMd isMG'

kwgzI kwrvweI leI mohr 'qy 'rxjIq isMG Akwl shwie' AMikq sI[ lokweI aus nUM 'isMG swihb' kih ky blwauNdI sI Aqy

'srkwr' nW nwl Xwd krdI sI[ ies dI pRoVHqw Swh muhMmd dI ilKq vI krdI hY jMg ihMd pMjwb dw hox lgw, dovyN pwqSwhI &OjW BwrIAW jI[ A`j hovy 'srkwr' qW m`ul pwvy ijhVIAW Kwlsy ny qygW mwrIAW jI[

rxjIq isMG bhuq isAwxw, smJdwr Aqy soJIvwn rwjw sI[ prjw pRqI ies dy idl iv`c A`q dw ipAwr, hmdrdI Aqy inmrqw sI[ ie`k vwr ies dy rwj smyN kwPI icr mINh nw pYx kwrn sB &slW su`k geIAW Aqy BwrI kwl pY igAw[ aus smyN qkrIbn swrI dI swrI KyqI brwnI hox kr ky bIijAw hoieAw bIj vI ikswnW dy p`ly nw ipAw[ dwixAW dI QuV kr ky lokweI jdoN Bu`K-du`K qoN qMg huMdI ies ny dyKI qW ie`ky dm godwmW iv`c jmHW kIqy Anwj nUM mu&q vMfx dy hukm kr id`q[ y vMf smyN mhwrwj Awp au~Qy phuc M ky ingrwnI krdw sI qy kpVy vI mzdUrW vrgy pw lYNdw sI[ ieiqhwsk gwQwvW drswauNdIAW hn ik jykr iksy bzurg qoN dwixAW dI borI cu`kI nhIN sI jWdI qW Awp Awpxy isr 'qy cu`k ky aus dy Gr phuMcw idMdw sI[ ieM\ mhwrwjy dI idAwnqdwrI, swdgI, vwsqvk, Tu`k vwLy Aqy gqISIl rwj pRbMD nUM BWp ky AnykW ilKwirAW ny v`fI pRsMsw kIqI hY[ fwktr mYkgrygr jo eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dw AiDkwrI sI puStI krdw hY ik mhwrwjw swihb pUrb (East) dy bwdSwhW qoN ivSyS Aqy ivl`Kx sI[ ieh hwry hoey rwijAW nwL qrs Kw ky iKmw kr idMdw sI[ aus ny sWJIvwlqw, iBMn-Byd qoN rihq Drm inrp`K Aqy suqMqr rwj sQwpq kIqw hoieAw sI[ jnrl jwn gorfn dy l&jW iv`c rxjIq isMG dy pRbMD hyT Ajyhw SWqI pUrbk rwj kwiem hoieAw, jYsw pMjwb iv`c pihlW kdy nhIN hoieAw sI[ s`Xd vhIduad U In Anuswr rxjIq isMG dy rwj smyN iksy nUM mOq dI szw nhIN sI hoeI[ sIqw rwm kohlI ilKdy hn ik Syir-ey-pMjwb dy rwj kwl iv`c Drm qy kOm dw svwl kdy auqpMn nhIN sI hoieAw[ aus dI slqnq pMQ dI slqnq sI[.... gYr is`KW leI vI aus dI Xogqw qy iv`dvqw p`KoN rwj-drbwr dy drvwzy KulHy sn[ pRym isMG hoqI imrdwn dy SbdW iv`c mhwrwjy dw lokW AMdr hr-mn ipAwrw hoxw ies leI sI ik auh ihMdU muslmwn nUM auqnw ipAwr idMdw sI ijqnw is`K nUM[ KuSvMq isMG 15

AwpxI ikqwb "The Sikhs" iv`c ilKdw hY ik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG iv`c keI AijihAW KUbIAW sn, ijnHW ny aus nUM jnqw iv`c hrmn ipAwrw bxw id`qw sI[ pVHy ilKy nw huMdy vI auhnW ny qzrby dI pwTSwlw iv`coN bhuq kuJ is`iKAw[..... bMdw auhI mhwn smiJAw jWdw hY ijs dw vqIrw inmrqw, SrDw Aqy iezq mwn dI Bwvnw vwlw hovy[ fwktr hrI rwm gupqw dI rwie hY ik rxjIq isMG dIAW ieiqhwsk GwlxW Aqy vifAweIAW ny pMjwb nUM v`fw bxwieAw[ ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr rxjIq isMG Syir-ey-pMjwb, suMdr Pu`l vWg ivgisAw qy ijs dI mihk ny ihMdusqwn iv`c hI nhIN sgoN eySIAw qy XUrp Br iv`c is`K pMQ dI sugMDI &YlweI[ iesy qrHW bhuq hor drSkW ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy guxW bwry Awpxy ivcwr prgt kIqy hn[ sr lYpl igRPn ilKdw hY ik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG s`c mu`c sMswr dy aunHW gYr mwmUlI AwdmIAW iv`coN hoieAw hY ijnHW sMswr dw q^qw plt id`qw[ jy AMgryz nw huMdy qW auh id`lI q`k jW ies qoN vI A`gy AwpxIAW h`dW vDwauNdw[ jOhn sI. mwrSmYn dy Sbd hn ik eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI qwkq ny jy aus nUM swirAW pwisAW qoN dbwieAw nw huMdw qW auh inrsMdyh ihMdusqwn iv`c ie`k nwmI rwj sQwpq krdw[ ie`k hor AMgryz dI soc kihMdI hY ik jy auh cwhMudw qW eySIAw nUM &qih kr skdw sI[ AlYgzYNfr brnz ilKdw hY ik mYN iksy ihMdusqwnI qoN ieqnw pRBwvq nhIN hoieAw ijqnw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG qoN hoieAw sI[ igAwnI igAwn isMG Anuswr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM prjw ie`k AvqwrI purS hI mMndI sI[ g`l kI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG sMbMDI au~pr ibAwn kIqIAW XogqwvW nUM Bws ky iehI kihxw bxdw hY: auh muslmwnW Aqy ihMdUAW dw sI A`KIAW dw qwrw[ is`KW dy idlW iv`c sI auh bhuq hI ipAwrw[ auh XoDw sI blkwrI bVw hI Bwrw[ aus dw rwj Bwg sI A`q dw inAwrw[ auh pMj dirAwvW dI Drq dw sI mwno cwnx munwrw[ aus ny bwhU bl nwl kIqw sI ^wlsw rwj dw v`fw pswrw[

is`K rwj dy pqn dy kwrn mhWblI rxjIq isMG dI mOq ip`CoN gdwr fogry Aqy iPrMgI ies 'qy kwbz hox leI qyzI nwl h`Q pYr mwrn l`g pey[ fogirAW iv`coN rwjw iDAwn isMG fogrw jo ik bVw cqr, pwKMfI Aqy DoKy-bwj sI, AwpxI pwpI kutlnIqI vrq ky Awpxy pu`qr hIrw isMG nUM rwj Bwg dw mwlk bxwaux leI ivauNqW bxwaux lg ipAw[ Shwmq AlI Anuswr lwhOr iv`c ieh AwieAw qW rozI rotI leI sI pr mhwrwjy dI cwplUsI kr ky Aqy lUMbV cwlW nwl rwjy dI pdvI qy phuMc igAw sI[ srkwr dI mOq qoN ip`CoN ies ny AslI rMg vKwey[ aus dI AOlwd nUM BMblBUsy pw ky Aqy mwr mrweI krvw ky suAwrQI KyfH KyfHx l`g ipAw[ hwlW ik Syir-ey-pMjwb ny ijauNdy jIA kih id`qw sI ik myry ip`CNo v`fw puÌ&#x20AC;qr kMvr KVk isMG g`dI dw h`kdwr hovg y w[ ieiqhwskwrW dIAW ilKqW sMkyq krdIAW hn ik mhwrwjy dw sskwr krn qoN pihlW cwlbwz iDAwn isMG ny aus dI dyh 'qy 'gIqw' r`K ky ksm KwDI sI ik mYN srkwr dy prvwr dw hr smyN v&wdwr rhWgw Aqy rwj Bwg shI FMg nwL clwaux leI KVk isMG dI hr p`KoN m`dd krWgw[ ies pwKMfI ny cwr pMj vwr mhwrwjy dy bL rhy isvy iv`c Awpxy Awp nUM ^qm krn leI Cwl mwrn dI koiSS kIqI sI[ pr koL KVHy srdwrW ny ies nUM vrijAw Aqy bwr bwr pkiVAw[ nvqyj srnw vI AwpxI pusqk 'jlwvqnI' dy pMnw 50 qy ilKdy hn ik dyvI gu`fW rwjw sMswr cMd ktocIey dI DI ny iDAwn isMG dw h`Q KVk isMG dy h`Q iv`c PVw ky aus nUM srkwr dI imRqk dyh 'qy shuM idvweI ik auh ie`kTy iml ky swfy 'qy rwj krngy, pr ies mnhUs fogry ny AYsI lUx hrwmI kIqI Aqy AikRqGxqw idKweI ik mhwrwjy dy prvwr Aqy is`K rwj dw s`iqAwnws kr ky r`K id`qw[ ies v`loN KyfHI KUnI KyfH A`gy ibAwn kIqI geI hY[

fogirAW dI burCwgrdI krnl gOrfn ilKdw hY, 'fogirAW dw suPnw ieh sI ik aunHW dy pRvwr dw jW G`to G`t aunHW dI vD rhI AOlwd iv`coN swirAW nwloN hoxhwr hIrw isMG hI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI g`dI dw mwlk bxy[ muhMmd lqIP PrmwauNdw hY ik is`K &OjW iv`c iqMny fogry BrwvW (gulwb 17

isMG, mIAW iDAwn isMG Aqy sucyq isMG) dw cMgw bol bwLw sI[ 27 jUn 1839 nUM mhwrwjy dI mOq ip`CoN aus dy mUMhoN khy SbdW 'qy Pu`l cVHwauNidAW Aqy AsUlW muqwbk rwxI rwj kOr dy pytoN jnmy v`fy pu`qr kMvr KVk isMG nUM rwj iqlk id`qw igAw[ KVk isMG ny srdwr cyq isMG nUM Awpxw vzIr QwipAw[ pr iDAwn isMG Aqy aus dy bMidAW ny kuJ smyN ip`CoN rOlw pwauxw AwrMB kr id`qw ik rwjw KVk isMG bhuq hI kmzor idl rwjw hY Aqy ieh AMgryzW dI ADIngI pRvwn kr cu`kw hY[ aus 'qy ieh JUTw ielzwm vI lgwieAw igAw ik ieh ^jwny dy rupey iv`coN Cy Awny aunHW nUM dyxw mMn cu`ikAw hY[ hor qW hor aus dI pqnI cMd kOr Aqy pu`qr kMvr nO inhwl nUM vI nvyN bxy mhwrwjy dy ivru`D krn dI swijS GV id`qI[ ie`k vwr iDAwn isMG Aqy juMflI ny KVk isMG nUM mwrn dI Xojnw bxweI pr auh isry nw cVIH[ kuJ idnW ip`CoN 8 AkqUbr 1839 nUM ies iDAwn isMG KUnI ny cyq isMG nUM Curw mwr ky pwr bulw id`qw[ kudrqI KVk isMG ibmwr ho igAw[ iehnW fogirAW ny mhwrwjy dI ibmwrI dw bhwnw bxw ky iqMn mhIny auprMq aus dy pu`qr kMvr nO inhwl nUM 18 swl dI aumry rwj g`dI 'qy ibTw id`qw[ kMvr nO inhwl kw&I PurqIlw sI Aqy CotI aumr iv`c hI rwj pRbMD clwaux dy pUrw inpuMn sI[ KVk isMG AKIrly swhW 'qy nzrbMd ipAw Awpxy pu`qr nUM imlx leI qrs irhw sI pr ienHW mkwrW Aqy PrybIAW ny aus nUM imlx nw id`qw[ AwKIr KVk isMG 38 swl dI aumr Bog ky 5 nvMbr 1840 nUM sMswr qoN clw igAw[ sohx isMG sIql AwpxI pusqk 'duKIey mW-pu`q' dy pMnw 13 'qy ilKdy hn ik KVk isMG ie`k swl 28 idn iDAwn isMG dI kYd 'c irhw qy AMq zihr dy ky mwr id`qw[ fogry iDAwn isMG dI duStpuxy dI h`d dyKo, jd nO inhwl isMG Awpxy bwp dw sskwr kr ky Swm vyly AkbrI drvwzy kol phuMicAw qW igxI-im`QI swjS ADIn drvwzy dw C`jw ies au~pr igrvw id`qw[ aus smyN nO inhwl isMG gulwb isMG dy pu`qr aUDm isMG dw h`Q PVI Aw irhw sI[ aUDm isMG qW QW 'qy hI pRwx iqAwg igAw Aqy nO inhwl byhoS ho igAw[ iDAwn isMG nO inhwl nUM pwlkI 'c puAw ky iklHy AMdr lY igAw[ BweI lihxw isMG mjITIAw Aqy hor srdwrW 18

ny nwl jwxw cwihAw pr gdwr fogry ny ienHW nUM rok id`qw[ muhMmd lqIP Anuswr mwqw cMd kOr ny iklHy dy bMd drvwzy iv`c Awpxw isr mwr mwr ky lhU luhwx kr ilAw pr drvwjw nw KoilHAw igAw[ qkrIbn do GMty ip`CoN ^br id`qI ik nO inhwl c`l visAw hY[ ipAwrw isMG pdm dI ilKq Anuswr mhwrwjw nO inhwl dy isr 'c msW rupey ku ijqnw j^m sI pr iDAwn isMG ny ies nUM AMdr gupq koTVI iv`c iljw ky isr Pyh Pyh ky mwr id`qw[ ieM\ ieh suMdr, suXog Aqy hoxhwr nOjuAwn ijhVw 20 ku swl dw hI sI fogry ny ies dw AMq kr id`qw[ kinMGm ilKdw hY ik mhwrwjw nO inhwl bVw lwiek Aqy pRBwvSwlI bwdSwh sI[ jy auh ijauNdw rihMdw qW ^wlsw slqnq nUM ielwkw isMD qy A&gwinsqwn qoN Cu`t ihMdUkuS dIAW phwVIAW qoN vI A`gy phuMcwx dy au~cy ierwdy rKdw sI[ mwqw cMd kOr jo Awpxy pqI Aqy nOjuAwn pu`qr dy ie`ky idn mrn dy kIrny pw rhI sI nUM iDAwn isMG ny Aw ky AwiKAw, "jykr qUM myry pu`qr hIrw isMG nUM muqbMnw bxw ky rwj g`dI dI srpRsq bx jwvyN qW mYN qyrI pUrI m`dd krWgw[ pr BweI gurmuK isMG Aqy imsr bylI rwm ny ies qjvIz dI ft ky ivroDqw kIqI[ nO inhwl dI pqnI 'nwnkI' jo Swm isMG AtwrI vwly dI DI sI dy b`cw hox vwlw sI aus dw grB vI swjS Anuswr igrw id`qw Aqy auh vI jxypy dOrwn mrvw id`qI[ SYqwn Aqy byeImwn fogry ny Syir-ey-pMjwb dI bMs iv`c Pu`t pwaux leI kMvr Syr isMG nUM lwhOr bulw ilAw[ ies ny jdoN dyiKAw ik sMDwvwlIey jo rxjIq isMG dy ^wndwn iv`coN hn Aqy cMd kOr mwqw kMvr nO inhwl nUM rwj g`dI 'qy ibTwaux leI bizd hn qW ies ny kMvr Syr isMG dw p`K lYxw SurU kr id`qw pr sMDwvwlIAW dy zor pwaux 'qy mwqw cMd kOr nUUM vzIr inXukq kr id`qw[ pRDwn mMqRI dI pdvI 'qy hox kr ky iDAwn isMG dy h`Q iv`c qwkq sI[ ies ny ieh zwhr krn leI ik rwxI rwj krn dy AsmrQ hY do mhIny ip`CNo 14 jnvrI qoN 18 jnvrI 1841 q`k &Oj iv`c DVybMdI KVHI kr ky lVweI krvw id`qI, ijs iv`c cwr hzwr qoN v`D bMdy mwry gey[ fogrwgrdI ny rwxI nUM 2 mhIny 9 idn ip`CoN rwj g`dI qoN lwh id`qw[ kuJ srdwrW nwL 19

imL ky &Yslw kIqw ik cMd kOr nUM jMmU kol 9 l`K dI jwgIr imlygI Aqy gulwb isMG aus dw muKiqAwr hovygw[ ieh PYslw suxidAW rwjw gulwb isMG lwhOr dy SwhI drbwr dw kImqI mwl 16 g`ifAW 'qy l`d Aqy pMj sO QYlIAW sony dIAW mohrW vwlIAW jMmU nUM cldw bixAw[ iesy dOrwn cMd kOr nUM aus dIAW golIAW qoN mrvw id`qw Aqy 21 jnvrI 1841 nUM Syr isMG nUM g`dI 'qy ibTw id`qw[ rwxI nUM mrvw ky kMvr Syr isMG nUM KuS kIqw Aqy AwiKAw mYN qyry gloN blwA lwh id`qI hY[ pr bwhr ieh ^br PYlw id`qI ik Syr isMG ny rwxI nUM mrvwieAw hY[ ies g`l kwrn sMDwvwlIey Syr isMG dy ivruD ho gey[Asl iv`c mhwrwxI cMd kOr nUM mrvwaux iv`c fogry iDAwn isMG Aqy aus dy Brw gulwb isMG dw h`Q sI[ hrcMd isMG bwgVI dI Koj vI ies g`l dI hwmI BrdI hY: cwry dwsIAW jo phwVnW sI, ikhw aunHW nUM kol bulw ky jI[ Awso, Bwgo, bdwmo Aqy pyro, cwry sux lau kMn lgw ky jI[ cMd kOr nUM pwr bulwvxw ey, swDn koeI vI qusIN bxw ky jI[ hrcMd isMGw lwhOrNo hukm AwieAw, ienwm pwau srkwr qoN jw ky jI[ .............. pqw sB nUM rwjw iDAwn isMG ny, ikvyN ikMny sKS mukw id`qy[ vwrs Syry pMjwb dy Kqm kr ky, Awpxy rwh dy iv`coN htw id`qy[

kMvr Syr isMG ny 2 swl 7 mhIny 27 idn suhxw rwj kIqw[ pr 15 sqMbr 1843 nUM AjIq isMG sMDwvwlIey ny ies nUM Aqy ies dy 8 swlw mwsUm b`cy it`kw pRqwp isMG nUM golIAW mwr ky mwr id`qw[ ies Kwnw jMgI sMbMDI Swh muhMmd Awpxy ik`sy iv`c ilKdw hY: mhW blI srkwr sI pMQ iv`coN, if`TI bVI kuc`lxI cwl mIAW[ idl Awpxy bYT ivcwr krdw, eyQy keIAW dy hoxgy kwl mIAW[ gurmuK isMG igAwnI ny m`q id`qI, qusW ieh ikauN jINvdw C`ifAw jy[ mgroN mihr GsItw qW boilAw eI, ieh suKn slwh dw k`iFAw jy[ 20

15 sqMbr 1843 nUM AjIq isMG ny sB puAwiVAW dI jVH iDAwn isMG nUM vI golIAW mwr ky BuMn id`qw[ Agly idn 16 sqMbr nUM igAwnI gurmuK isMG ny is`K rwj nUM nSt krwaux vwly iDAwn isMG dy KUn dw it`kw m`Qy 'qy lgw dlIp isMG nUM rwj iqlk id`qw[ dlIp isMG aus idn 5 swl qy 11 idn dw sI[ hIrw isMG Awpxy ipqw dI mOq sux ky bVw roh iv`c Aw igAw[ ies ny 40 hzwr &Oj lY ky iklHy qy hmlw kr id`qw[ ies hmly iv`c sMDwvwlIAw lihxw isMG qy AjIq isMG mwry gey[ hIrw isMG ny 19 sqMbr 1843 nUM v`fw drbwr sjwieAw[ dlIp isMG dI qwjpoSI dubwrw kr ky aus nUM mhwrwjw Aqy Awp nUM vzIr hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw[ pr ijMdW Aqy aus dy Brw jvwhr isMG ny ies GoSxw dw ft ky ivroD kIqw[ aunHW ikhw, hIrw isMG dw vzIr bxnw swnUM iblkul mnjUr nhIN[ ies g`loN hIrw isMG srdwr jvwhr isMG dw duSmx bx igAw[ ies ny &OjW iv`c ieh g`l &YlwA id`qI ik jvwhr isMG dlIp isMG nUM AMgryzW dy h`Q PVwauxw cwhuMdw hY[ hIrw isMG ny jvwhr isMG nUM kYd kr ilAw pr rwxI ijMdW ny Awpxw Asr rsUK vrq ky ies nUM jylH 'coN irhw krw ilAw[ ieh hIrw isMG Awpxy bwp iDAwn isMG nwloN vI v`D bdmwS sI[ ies ny Awpxy cwcy sucyq isMG ijhVw ik cMgw drSnI juAwn sI nUM 27 mwrc 1844 dy idn kql krvw id`qw[ ies qoN ielwvw ies ny bhuq hI piv`qr Awqmw BweI swihb bIr isMG nOrMgwbwdI, BweI Aqr isMG Aqy kMvr kSmIrw isMG nUM vI kql krvwieAw[ is`K &OjW iPrMgI ivru`D bhuq iGrxw rKdIAW sn[ fogirAW ny ijs nUM vI mrvwieAw aus iv`ruD JUTw doS mVH ky ^qm kIqw[ hIrw isMG ny bRwhmx jvwlw shwey (pMfq j`lHw) ijhVw ies dw krIbI slwhkwr sI rwhIN ijMdW nUM vI zihr dy ky mwrn dI koiSS kIqI pr auuh s&l nw hoieAw[ (A History of Reigning Family of Lahore by Major G. Carnnichel Smyth, 1847, Page 127)[ ieM\ ies dI inrdeI Aqy zwlmwnw rucI nMU dyK is`K &OjIAW ny pihlW pMfq jlHy nUM soiDAw Aqy iPr 21 dsMbr 1844 nUM hIrw isMG fogrw mwr mukwieAw jdoN ieh lwhOr drbwr dw kImqI mwl lY ky jMmU v`l jw rhy sn[ ies auprMq jvwhr isMG vzIr bixAw[ 21

rwjw gulwb isMG (iDAwn isMG dw Brw) vI bVw kmInw Aqy idl dw Kotw sI[ aus ny kMvr ipSorw isMG bytw rxjIq isMG nUM auNgl lweI ik vzIrI dw h`kdwr qW qUM hYN[ ieh dlIp isMG qoN v`fw sI[ ies ny c`k iv`c Aw ky jvwhr isMG dw ivroD krnw SurU kr id`qw[ kyvl 22 ku swl dI aumr hox kr ky juAwnI tpkdI sI[ ijMdW bVI smJdwr Aqy DIrjvwn suBwA dI sI[ ies ny Awpxy Brw jvwhr isMG nUM ijs dw suBwA grm sI Aqy ipSOrw isMG nUM ie`k QW ibTw ky smJwieAw ik AwpsI lVweI mwVI huMdI hY[ ies dy nqIjy BYVy huMdy hn[ jvwhr isMG ny AwpxI BYx ijMdW nUM ikhw, "ipSOrw isMG fogirAW dI Sih 'qy &OjW 'c BVkwht pYdw kr irhw hY Aqy dlIp isMG qoN q^q hiQAwaux nUM iPrdw hY[ ies ny isAwlkot iv`c gdr mcw r`iKAw hY"[ so AwpxI g`dI nUM kwiem r`Kx leI jvwhr isMG ny ipSOrw isMG nUM ^qm krwaux leI ivauNq bxweI[ dUjy pwsy ipSOrw isMG ny jvwhr isMG 'qy mwVy cwl cln dy ielzwm lwauxy SurU kr id`qy[ nvqyj isMG srnw ilKdy hn ik ipSOrw isMG kihx l`g ipAw, "myrI qlvwr hux imAwn 'c audoN hI peygI jd ies ny jvwhr isMG dw KUn pI ilAw[" (jlwvqnI pMnw 100)[ AYsy hwlwq dyK jvwhr isMG ny 30 Agsq 1845 nUM ipSOrw isMG dw AMq krvw id`qw[ ipSOrw isMG dy mrn auprMq Syir-ey-pMjwb dy pu`qrW iv`coN kyvl kMvr dlIp isMG hI ijauNdw sI[ kMvr qwrw isMG qW ibmwr hox kwrn cVHweI kr igAw sI jd ik mulqwnw isMG mwVy hwlwq q`k cu`p-cpIqy Bys bdl ky kwbl cilAw igAw sI[ jdoN &Oj nUM ipSOrw isMG nUM mwrn dI ^br imlI qW &Oj jvwhr isMG dy ivru`D ho geI[ fogry iprQI isMG ny ies sMbMDI A`g 'qy qyl pwaux vwlw kMm kIqw[ ies BVkwht qy glq &ihmI nUM dUr krn leI mhwrwjw dlIp isMG, rwxI ijMdW qy jvwhr isMG hwQI 'qy bYT &OjI srdwrW kol gey[ pr aunHW koeI g`l suxn qoN ibnw dlIp isMG nUM D`ky nwL cu`k ilAw[ krm isMG ihstorIAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj drswauNdI hY jo aus nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ArdlI nrYx isMG qoN imlI[ auh ibAwn krdy hn ik jvwhr isMG ny ikhw, "^wlsw jI! mYN gaU hW, mYnUM bKSo[ mYN ie`k ie`k ispwhI nUM buqkI (sunihrI mohr) Aqy ie`k ie`k A&sr nUM sony dw kMTw idAWgw[ jy hor AwKoN qW mYN qIrQW nUM cilAw jWdw hW, KwlI h`QIN[ ijs nUM jI 22

kry vzIr bxwau[ ikvyN mYnUM b^S idau[ pr suxy kOx? AMq mIAW jvwhr isMG fogry Aqy mIAW iprQI isMG fogry ny ipSOrw isMG dy mrn qy 21 idn ip`CoN srdwr jvwhr isMG nUM kql krw id`qw[ Swh muhMmd aus smyN dy hwlwq ieM\ vrnx krdw hY: ip`Cy ie`k srkwr dy Kyf ivclI, peI in`q huMdI mwro mwr mIAW[ isMGW mwr srdwrW dw nwS kIqw, sBo kql hoey vwro vwr mIAW[ isr &Oj dy irhw nw koeI kuMfw, hoey Suqr ijau bwJ muhwr mIAW[ Swh muhMmdw iPrn srdwr lukdy[ BUq mMflI hoeI iqAwr mIAW[

ijMdW ny vI bVy vwsqy pwey ik myry BweI nUM nw mwro, "ieh quhwfy kol jwck bx ky AwieAw hY, lVn nhIN AwieAw"[ aus ny Awpxy mry pey Brw 'qy gu`sw zwhr kridAW AYsy vYx pwey ijnHW nUM Swh muhMmd ny Awpxy iks`y 'c ieM\ AMikq kIqw: ijnHW mwirAw koh ky vIr myrw, mYN qW KuhwauNgI aunHW dI juMfIAW nI[ DwkW jwx vlwieqI dyS swry, pwvW b`kry vWg vMfIAW nI[ cUVy lihxgy bhuq suhwgxW dy, n`Q cONk qy vwLIAW fMfIAW nI[ Swh muhMmdw pYxgy vYx fUMGy. jdoN hox pMjwbxW rMfIAW nI[

nvqyj srnw ny AwpxI pusqk jlwvqnI dy pMnw 109 'qy iliKAw hY, 'kihMdy ny do cIzW qbwhI ilAw skdIAW hn-AOrq dI zubwn qy ASWq sYnw[ lwhOr dovW dy srwp dw mwirAw sI[ idn rwq ijMdW bdly dy hMJU pINdI'[ ieh g`l qW TIk hY ik zubwn 'co inkly mwVy jW kOVy bol K`jlKuAwrI dw kwrn bx jWdy hn pr kyvl AOrq dy hI nhIN bMdy dy vI[ 23

Awm khwvq vI hY 'qlvwr dy P`t imt jWdy hn , mwVy bolW dy nhIN imtdy'[ mhwrwxI ijMdW ny Awpxy Brw dy kql hox 'qy bdlw laU Bwvnw vwly iP`ky Sbd zrUr boly hoxgy, ijvyN ik keI ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY[ BYxW nUM Brw A`q ipAwry hud M y hn[ guÌ&#x20AC;sy iv`c Aw ky ienswn Abw qbw bol idMdw hY[ pr ijMdW ny nw qW iksy srdwr nUM mrvwieAw Aqy nw hI is`K rwj AMgryzW dy hvwly kIqw[ Syir-ey-pMjwb dI mOq vyly ijMdW kyvl 22 vrS dI sI[ kuJ srdwrW ny ies nUM hor ivAwh krwaux dI slwh id`qI pr ies ny Tukrw id`qI[ jykr iPrMgI dI ies ny QoVHI bhuq vI m`dd kIqI huMdI qW ieh koeI cMgw Ahudw pRwpq kr ky su`KW BirAw AYS vwlw jIvn bqIq kr skdI sI[ ies ny qW hr smyN iPrMgI dw ivroD kIqw ijs kwrn jIvn iv`c BwrI du`KVy shwry[ jykr is`K rwj dI hwnI krweI qW auh gdwr fogirAW ny[ qyjw isMG vrgy srdwrW nUM AMgryzW ny rwjy dw i^qwb id`qw sI[ ij`Qy q`k ASWq sYnw dy srwp vjoN is`K rwj jwx dI g`l hY, aus ASWqI leI vI gdwr zuMmyvwr sn[ kyvl ASWq &Oj hI nhIN hr ie`k ASWq cIz hwnI dw kwrn bxdI hY[ is`K &OjIAW ny qW is`K rwj nUM bcwaux leI AwpxIAW jwnW vwr id`qIAW[ is`K rwj nUM Ku`sx leI &Oj nUM doSI nhIN TihrwieAw jw skdw[

is`K rwj hiQAwaux leI iPrMgI vloN Pu`t pwaU nIqI Apnwauxw eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ijs nUM gYr rsmI qOr qy jOhn kMpnI vI kihMdy sn, ie`k vpwrk kMpnI sI[ ieh 31 dsMbr sMn 1600 nUM hoNd iv`c AweI sI qy ies dw mu`K d&qr lMfn (ieMglYNf) iv`c sI[ Bwrq iv`c ies ny 1757 iv`c vpwr krn leI pYr pwey[ aus smyN A`DI dunIAW iv`c ies dw vpwr c`l irhw sI[ 'A`g lYx AweI qy Gr vwlI bx geI' dI khwvq dI qrHW goirAW dI ies kMpnI ny AwpxI in`jI &Oj nwl 30 swlW iv`c swry Bwrq nUM sqluj dirAw q`k AwpxI gulwmI dIAW jMzIrW iv`c jkV ilAw[ kMpnI dI qwkq nUM q`k sMn 1808 iv`c sqluj pwr dy rwijAW, reIsW qy pRBwvSwlI hsqIAW ny smwxy ivKy v`fw iek`T kr ky iPrMgI hyT Aw jwx dw &Yslw kIqw[

Syir-ey-pMjwb ny Ajy nvW nvW rwj sQwpq kIqw sI[ smwxy ivKy kIqy PYsly nwL mhwrwjy nUM gihrw du`K hoieAw[ mhwrwjy ny AwpxI kwblIAq Aqy hukmrwnI pRbInqw vrq ky 25 ApRl Y 1809 nUM AMgryzW dy pRqIinD imstr imtkwP nwl g`lbwq kr ky dohW hkUmqW dI h`d bMdI sMbMDI ie`k Aihdnwmw iqAwr kIqw[ ies Aihdnwmy Anuswr dosqI dy nwqy dovyN srkwrW nUM sB SrqW mnzUr hn Aqy koeI vI ies dI aulMGnw nhIN krygw[ pr myjr sim`Q AwpxI pusqk "A History of Reigning Family of Lahore' iv`c ilKdw hY, 'jy 1809 dw Aihdnwmw dohW hkUmqW dy drimAwn sI qW is`Dw svwl ieh hY ik dosqI dy nymW nUM pihlW iks ny qoiVAw? myrI p`kI rwie ieh hY ik pihl AsW kIqI[ iPrMgI mhwrwjy dI s&lqw nUM q`k bVy duKI Aqy idlgIr sn[ sMn 1828 iv`c kMpnI ny s`Xd Aihmd bryvlI nUM kwPI Dn dy ky jhwd dy nW qy gVvVI krn leI ByijAw pr ^wlseI &Oj dy swhmxy ies dI koeI pyS nw geI[ dubwrw 1830-31 iv`c iPr ies ny CyVKwnI krn dI koiSS kIqI Aqy muzbrwbwd dy iklHy iv`c isMGW ny ies nUM mwr mukwieAw[ sMn 1831 iv`c brqwnIAW hkUmq dw ie`k rwjnIiqk eyjMt AlYgzNYfr brnz isMD dy rsqy Syir-ey-pMjwb nUM kImqI qohPy lY ky imiLAw[ ies imlxI dw mu`K mnorQ isMD dy ielwky dI jwxkwrI lYxw Aqy is`K drbwr dw Byq lYxw sI[ 26 AkqUbr 1831 nUM hI SYqwn gvrnr jnrl ivlIAm bYNitk ny ropV dy AsQwn 'qy dohW hkUmqW drimAwn prspr ipAwr qy dosqI pikAwaux leI sMDInwmw kIqw[ bYNitk ny jo p`qr mhwrwjy nUM id`qw aus dy muFly Sbd sn: "The interview of Rooper was no doubt intended to cement more strongly the union of the two powers...." Bwv ies iv`c koeI S`k nhIN ik ropV dI imlxI ny do qwkqW dI im`qRqw nUM vDyry p`ikAW kIqw hY....[ iesy qrHW mhwrwjw v`loN jo KrVw ilKqI rUp 'c bYNitk nUM id`qw aus dy Sbd sn: "The friends and enemies of the one should be considered the friends and enemies of the other...."

Bwv swnUM vYr Bwvnw Bulw ky AwpsI im`qRqw gMMFxI cwhIdI hY[ ArQwq imqR dw vYrI nhIN bxnw cwhIdw pr bYNitk ny smJOqy iv`c ieh Sbd (ik AsIN imqR nwl DRoh nhIN krWgy) nhIN pwey sn ijs kwrn hrI isMG nlUAw ny qy hor srdwrW ny smJOqy nUM Tukrw id`qw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mOq auprMq iPrMgI ny is`K rwj nUM Fwh lwaux leI A&gwinsqwn dy AmIrW bhwvlpur dy nvwb Aqy mwlvy dy rwijAW nUM bgwvq leI aukswieAw[ ihMd dw gvrnr jnrl AYln bro AkqUbr 1841 iv`c hI ifaUk Aw& vilMgtn qoN pu`Cdw hY, "mYnUM slwh id`qI jwvy ik pMjwb au~qy h`lw krn dw sB qoN cMgw qrIkw ikhVw hY?" lwhOr drbwr dy KUnI kqlW sMbMDI 'ibRitS Aw& ieMfIAw' p`qr ny dsMbr 1843 dy prcy iv`c Awlocnw kridAW iliKAw sI, "swfy pws ies g`l dw sbUq qW koeI nhIN ik rxjIq isMG dI mOq ip`CoN jo kql hoey hn, auh kMpnI dy ieSwry nwl hoey hn.... pr AsIN ieh zrUr khWgy ik swnUM ienHW iv`coN bU zrUr AwauNdI hY (pMjwb au~qy AMgRyzW dw kbzw, (gMfw isMG pMnw 58). julweI 1844 nUM AYln bro dI QW 'qy hYnrI hwrifMg (tuMfy lwt) gvrnr jnrl bx ky AwieAw[ ies dI ie`k bWh k`tI hox kr ky lok ies nUM tuMfw lwt kihx l`g pey[ ies ny myjr brwfPu`t dI ^ws ifaUtI lgweI ik lwhOr drbwr iv`c aucyrI Pu`t pwaux dy auprwly kry[ brwfPu`t ies kMm leI rwjw nwBw dy mqYihq kyfw isMG nUM imilAw pr aus ny nWh kr id`qI[ mhwrwjy dy sMswr qoN cly jwx auprMq jnrl vYNqUrw Aqy ies dy swQI AMgryz A&sr vI Pu`t pwaux iv`c ip`Cy nhIN rhy[ AijhI m`dd krn kr ky eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ny vYNqUrw nUM cMgy Ahudy 'qy ibrwjmwn kr id`qw sI[ jrnl AYlwrf PrWs dy bwdSwh dw s&Ir bx igAw sI[ Bwv iPrMgIAW ny bVI BwrI lUx hrwmI kIqI[ mhwrwjy ny qW ienHW nUM &Oj iv`c BrqI krn qoN pihlW v&wdwrI inBwaux dw pRx prp`k krwieAw sI pr ienHW A&srW ny DoKw id`qw[ Awm krky dyiKAw igAw hY ik ib`lIAW A`KW vwlw bMdw vDyry cqr huMdw hY[ aus 'qy Brosw nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ AYsw hI phwVIAW bwry AwiKAw jWdw hY[ AMgryz A&srW dIAW A`KW 26

ib`lIAW sn Aqy fogry phwVIey sn[ vYsy vI ieh lok pQrIlI DrqI dy vsnIk hox kwrx p`Qr idl sn[ gulwb isMG fogry ny sOdybwjI leI iPrMgI nwL ic`TIAW rwhIN gMF-qup krnI SurU kr id`qI[ Bwv Gr dw ByqI lMkw Fwhux vwLI g`l ho geI sI[

pMjwb Aqy ihMd dI jMg (pihlI AYNglo is`K vwr) srdwr jvwhr isMG dy kql ip`CoN koeI vI srdwr vzIr bxn leI iqAwr nhIN sI[ rwjw gulwb isMG Aqy bc gey isr k`Fdy srdwrW ny nWh kr id`qI[ AYsI hwlq dyK bhwdr, dlyr Aqy hoxhwr mhwrwxI ijMdW ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dI srpRsq (Regent) bx ky rwj Bwg dI vwg for sMBwl leI[ lwhOr drbwr dw kMm-kwj clwaux leI ies ny dIvwn dInw nwQ, BweI rwm isMG, imsr lwl isMG, &kIr AzIzudIn Awid dI sBw bxweI[ nvMbr 1845 iv`c imsr lwl isMG nUM vzIr qy imsr qyjw isMG nUM ^wlsw &Oj dw sYnwpqI bxwieAw[ lwl isMG qy qyjw isMG ny ijMdW nUM pry htw ky rwj Bwg dI SkqI Awpxy h`QW iv`c krn leI AMgryzI srkwr nwl sbMD kwiem kr ley[ ienHW gdwrW ny ie`k Swm nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI smwD 'qy &OjW iek`qr kr ky AMgryz nwL jMg krn leI BVkwieAw ikauNik ieh AMdrKwqy AMgryzW nwL rly hoey sn[ ienHW iPrMgI nUM slwh id`qI ik KwnwjMgI kr ky hux ^wlsw &Oj dw koeI vwlI vwrs nhIN, aus iv`c quhwfy nwl t`kr lYx dw dm nhIN , mhwrwjw bwlk hY, aus dI srpRsq qW ie`k znwnI hY Aqy AsIN quhwfI m`dd krWgy[ dUjy pwsy mhwrwxI ijMdW Aqy srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI jMg CyVn dy ivru`D sn[ Bwv ieh jwxdy sn ik ^wlsw &Oj gurbwxI dy ies isDWq : sUrw so pihcwnIAY ju lrY dIn ky hyq] purjw purjw kit mrY kbhu n CwfY Kyqu[(ññúõ)

'qy 'jMgy mYdwn 'c jUJygI pr gdwrW dI nmk hrwmI kwrn &Oj AMdr iekjutqw qy ieksurqw pUrI nhIN hY[ pr ieh gdwr nw tLy Aqy 17 nvMbr 1845 nUM AMgryzW iv`ruD jMg dw ibgl vjw id`qw[ ienHW 30 hzwr ^wlsw &Oj sqluj qoN pwr ilAw ky PqyHgVH (sBrw) iv`c morcwbMdI krw id`qI[ &Irozpur ie`QoN kyvl 20 mIl sI Aqy ies CwauxI iv`c AMgryz POj dI igxqI qkrIbn s`q hzwr hI sI[ pr tukVboc imsr qyjw isMG ^wlsw &Oj nUM luiDAwxy vl lY AwieAw[ ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn 'ieh is`K &Oj nUM qbwh krn dy iKAwl nwL ieDr ilAwieAw sI[ DrmI POj &Irozpur ivKy iPrMgI nwl twkrw krnw cwhuMdI sI pr qyjw isMG ny ikhw, "AwpW is`Dw gvrnr jnrl nwL t`kr lvWgy[" ieh AMgryz dI KuSiksmqI sI ik is`KW &Irojpur 'qy Dwvw nw boilAw[ jy koeI ies smyN eImwndwr dyS pRymI hrI isMG nlUey vrgw jrnYl AgvweI kr irhw huMdw qW iPrMgI nUM &Irozpur Aqy luiDAwixau k`F ky id`lI vl D`k dyNdw[ Swh muhmd dy vI bol hn: clI sB pMjwb dI bwdSwhI, nhIN dlW dw AMq sumwr mIAW[ Swh muhMmdw iksy nw Atkxw eI, isMG rihxgy id`lI nUM mwr mIAW[

lwl isMG ny kpqwn inklsn nUM p`qr iv`c iliKAw, "mYN is`K &Oj smyq dirAw pwr kr ilAw hY[ quhwnUM myrI dosqI dw pqw hI hY[ hukm kro, hux mYN kI krW?" inklsn ny jvwb iv`c ikhw, "jy qusIN AMgryzW dy im`qr hoN qW &Irojpur 'qy hmlw nw krnw, ijMnI dyr ho skdI hY kro qy AwpxI &Oj gvrnr jnrl vl lY Awau["luflo dy Sbd vI drswauNdy hn, "jy aus smyN swfy 'qy hmlw ho jWdw qW swfI swrI &Oj nSt ho jwxI sI ikauNik swfI iqAwrI nWh vrgI sI"[

mudkI dI jMg 18 dsMbr 1845 nUM mudkI dy AsQwn 'qy ij`Qy pwxI nwl BrI Fwb sI[ is`KW Aqy AMgryzW ivckwr t`kr hoeI[ lwrf hwrifMg dI iqAwr br iqAwr sYnw ny isMGW 'qy bVw zordwr hmlw kIqw pr lohy 28

dI dIvwr bx AVy isMGW dy vwr A`gy ieh KVH nw sky[ isMGW ny bIr rsI joS iv`c Aw ky iPrMgI 'qy AYsw hmlw kIqw ik aus dy hoS au~f gey[ auh jwnW bcwaux leI dOVn l`gy[ ieh dyK gdwr lwl isMG AwpxI 4000 fogrw &Oj lY ky mYdwn 'coN dOV igAw[ ies nUM dyK knH̀Xw lwl, Aju`iDAw pRswd qy Amr nwQ vI iq`qr ho gey[ bwkI dI rihMdI 6-7 hzwr &Oj nUM lVidAW dyK AMgryz A&sr hYrwn prySwn sn[ gdwrW ny Gr dw ByqI lMkw Fwhux vwLI g`l kIqI ijs kwrn lVidAW lVidAW is`KW dw BwrI jwnI nukswn hoieAw[

PyrU Sihr dI jMg ies qoN A`gy jMg dw mYdwn PyrU Sihr bx igAw[ 21 dsMbr nUM Swm smyN dohW dlW ivckwr KUn folHvIN lVweI hoeI[ hYrI sim`Q dI &OjI tukVI isMGW 'qy AsmwnI ibjlI vWg if`gI Aqy aus ny 6 qopW Koh leIAW[ pr mwnWvwlIAW dIAW pltnW ny jYkwirAW dI gUMj nwL hVH vWg Aw rhI iPrMgI dI &Oj 'qy AYsw Dwvw boilAw ik KusIAW hoeIAW 6 qopW Koh leIAW Aqy AYsw kurlwht m`icAw ik auh ip`Cy nUM B`j inkly[ is`K ispwhIAW dI soc bwry kinMGm ilKdw hY, "hr is`K ies kwrj nUM Awpxw smJdw sI[ aunHW iv`c bhuqy KyqI dw kMm krn vwly sn[ ies dy mukwbly 'qy AMgryz &Oz qy ihMdusqwnI ispwhI kyvl pYsy ^wqr lV rhy sn[" iPrMgI dI &Oj vwLy Srwb 'c Dùq ho ky lV rhy sn jd ik ^wlsy gur aupdyS nUM mu`K r`K pRBU nwm dy nSy iv`c AwpxI is`KI dI Awn Swn ^wqr twkrw kr rhy sn[ Swh muhmMd ny Srwb sMbMDI kyvl goirAW dw izkr kIqw hY is`KW bwry nhIN AMikq kIqw: dwrU vMifAw sUirAw jMgIAW nUM, do do boqlW kY& Kumwr mIAW[ Swh muhMmdw pI Srwb gory, hoey jMg nUM qurq iqAwr mIAW[

ies jMg iv`c kyvl gory ispwhI hI nhIN sn[ ihMdusqwn dy pUrbI Aqy d`KxI ielwikAW dy ispwhI vI Swml sn[ ies leI Swh muhMmd ny Awpxy ik`sy dw nW 'jMg nwmw-ihMd pMjwb' iliKAw hY, lwrf 29

hwrifMg tuMfy lwt &Oj dw jrnYl sI[ AwpxI hwr nUM dyKdy hoey aus ny AwpxI &Oj nUM hukm kIqw: hukm lwt kIqw lSkr Awpxy nUM, qusW lwj AMgryz dI r`KxI jI[ isMGW mwr ky ktk mukwie id`qy,ihMdusqwnI qy pUrbI d`KxI jI[ nMdn twpUAW iv`c kurlwt hoeI, kursI cwr hzwr hY s`KxI jI[ Swh muhMmdw lwt hux kihx l`gw, r`q isMG ispwhI dI c`KxI jI[

gurU goibMd isMG jI dw ^wlsw jo bwjW dI inAweIN hY aus dw mukwblw ic`VIAW ikvyN kr skdIAW hn? is`K &Oj ny AMgryzW dw mUMh BMn id`qw[ kYptn lmlI ny Awpxy rswly dy bcy hoey juAwnW nUM &Irozpur vl dOV jwx dw hukm id`qw[ gvrnr jnrl ny Awpxy puÌ&#x20AC;qr qy pRweIvyt sk`qr nUM AwpxI npolIAn bonwpwrt vwLI qlvwr, jo aus nUM fIaUk AwP vilMgtn v`loN qohPy dy qOr 'qy imlI sI Aqy jMg dy kwgz p`qr dy ky AMbwly vl jwx dw hukm id`qw[ krnl jI.bI. mYlIsn ilKdw hY, "aus smyN AMgryzI &Oj iv`c hPVw-d&VI m`c geI sI[ ie`k kmwn A&sr dy mUMhoN ' Bwrq igAw' dy Sbd inkly[ pr gdwr qyjw isMG qy lwl isMG ieh kih ky is`K &Oj nUM vwps lY gey ik AwpW ij`q gey hW[ Swh muhMmd Anuswr AMgRyzW dy Xwr Aqy isMGW dy duSmx phwVw isMG ny dOVy jWdy AMgryzW nUM jw d`isAw ik ^wlsw qW mYdwn coN hrn ho igAw hY qusIN vwps muVo Aqy jw rhI is`K &Oj 'qy hmlw kro[ BwvyN ies jMg dI khwxI bVI lMbI hY pr ie`Qy tUk mwqR hI iliKAw igAw hY ikauNik ieh pusqk mu`K qOr 'qy ijMdW dy sMbMD 'c hI hY[ is`K ieh jMg gdwrW dy kIqy DoKy kwrn hwr gey[ ivlIAm AYfvrfz ilKdw hY, "jykr is`K AgWh nUM vD AwauNdy qW nqIjw swfI qbwhI sI ikauNik XUrpIAn rjmYNtW dI n&rI bhuq G`t rih geI sI Aqy swfy qopKwny dw brUd vI ^qm ho cuikAw sI"[ ijauN hI rwxI ijMdW nUM mudkI Aqy PyrU Sihr dIAW jMgW iv`c gdwrW dI gdwrI kwrn is`K &OjW dI hwr dw pqw l`igAw qW aus ny 10 GoV svwrW h`Q gurU dy sUr,y bwxI dy nUry Aqy bcnw dy pUry mhwn is`K jrnYl srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI vwly nUM ruVyH jWdy is`K rwj nUM bcwaux leI bVw hI ihrdyvydk p`qr ByijAw [ ijs dy bolW nUM sohx isMG sIql ny ieM\ aukirAw hY[ 30

ic`TI ilKI mhwrwxI ny Swm isMG nUM, bYT irhoN kI ic`q iv`c Dwr isMGw[ dovyN jMg mudkI, PyrU Sihr vwly, isMG Awey AMgRyzW qo hwr isMGw[ kwhnUM hwrdy ikauN imhxy j`g idMdw, ijauNdI huMdI jy A`j srkwr isMGw? qyg isMGW dI qW KuMFI nhIN hoeI, AYpr Awpxy ho gey gdwr isMGw[ hux vI cmkI nw jy isMGw qyg qyrI, qW iPr swry inSwn imtwey jwsn[ k`lH nUM gYrW dy JMfy Julwey jwsn[ pu`t Syry-pMjwb dI mVHI qweIN[ auhdy pYrW iv`c Pu`l rulwey jwsn, bdlI ijnHy qkdIr pMjwb dI sI, auhdI Awqmw nUM qIr lwey jwsn[ Ajy smW eI vkq sMBwl isMGw, ruVHI jWdI pMjwb dI Swn r`K lY[ lihMdI id`sy rxjIq dI p`g mYnUM, moey imqR dI XoiDAw Awn r`K lY[

mhwrwxI dw p`qr dyK dy swr hI 71 swlw XoDy srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI pu`qr srdwr inhwl isMG poqw srdwr gOr isMG dIAW A`KW 'c lwlI Aw geI Aqy fOly Prkx l`gy[ cMgw GOV dOVwk Aqy svwr, qIr AMdwz Aqy qyg dw DnI hox kr ky mulqwn dIAW lVweIAW iv`c sUrmgqI idKwaux kr ky mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny ies nUM 12 mwrc 1816 nUM 'hIirAW jVq AMgUTI' bKSI sI[ ienHW dw prvwr pihlW jYslmyr rihMdw sI[ iPr ieh PUl mihrwj dy ipMf Aw vsy[ kuJ icr mgroN kwauNky ipMf nzdIk jgrwauN rihx l`gy[ ies ip`CoN AMimRqsr iv`Ky 3 mMjlw mkwn auswirAw jo AtwrI nwm nwl pRis`D ho igAw[ A`j klH Bwrq-pwiksqwn dI h`d 'qy AtwrI vwLw bwrfr dunIAW dy nkSy 'qy hY[

28 dsMbr 1845 nUM srdwr Swm isMG pMQ dw svYmwn Awn qy Swn brkrwr r`Kx leI sIs qlI 'qy r`K ky sqluj kMFy is`K &Oj 'c Aw Swml hoieAw[ isMGW ny 6 jnvrI 1846 nUM byVIAW dw pul iqAwr kr ky sqluj dirAw pwr kIqw[ srdwr AjIq isMG lwfovwlIey nwL iml ky srdwr rxjoD isMG ny 17 jnvrI nUM bdovwl dw iklHw sr kr ilAw Aqy luiDAwxy dI AMgRyz CwauxI dw vI kuJ ih`sw swV id`qw[ 21 jnvrI 1846 nUM is``K &Oj dI hYnrI sim`Q dy ispwhslwrW nwL t`kr hoeI Aqy aunHW dy dMd K`ty kIqy[ 28 jnvrI 1846 nUM AwlIvwl dy mukwm 'qy dohW &OjW dI BwrI t`kr hoeI[ BwvyN rxjoD isMG mYdwn 'coN dOV igAw pr jnrl sim`Q Anuswr isMG AYsI mrdwngI nwl jUJy jo ilKx qoN bwhrlI g`l hY[

isMGW dI bhwdrI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy bcnw Anuswr gurU dw ^wlsw prmwqmw dI mOz nwL prgt hoieAw hY Aqy doKIAW, duStW qy pwpIAW dI suDweI leI ieh mwno prmwqmw dI &Oj hY[ ^wlsy dI swznw smyN gurU swihb ny pMj is`KW pwsoN pihlW aunHW qoN sIs ikrpwn dI ByNt krwey ijnHW nUM 'pMj ipAwirAW' nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ iPr gurU nwnk dyv jI dw ie`k r`b 'qy Brosw r`Kx dw aupdyS idRV krwieAw[ KMfy, gurbwxI Aqy pwxI nwL iqAwr kIqy AMimRq dy Gu`t iplw ky ^wlsy nUM AYsw inrBY, infr Aqy inrml bxw id`qw ik auh hr smyN mOq nUM mKOl krdw hY[ s`Xd gulwm jIlwnI mulqwn dI jMg jo 1818 iv`c hoeI AMdr isMGW dI lwswnI kurbwnI bwry ilKdw hY ik myrIAW A`KW swmHxy qop dw phIAW tu`tx 'qy vwrI vwrI isMG aus hyT moFw idMdy qy c`l rhy goilAW dy nwl hI mr imt jWdy sn[ iksy ny vI jwn dI pRvwh nhIN kIqI[ auh A`gy ilKdw hY ik ienHW isMGW AMdr kOmI pRym qy kurbwnI dw cwA dyK myry mn AMdr vI ieM\ mr imtx dw cwA ciVHAw pr mYN Aijhw krn qoN ies leI ht igAw ik isMGW dI AYsI kurbwnI ilKx qoN ibnW sMswrIAW nUM ikvyN pqw l`gygw[

jnrl sim`Q AlIvwl ivKy 28 jnvrI 1846 nUM hoeI jMg dI ie`k AnoKI Gtnw ibAwn krdw ilKdw hY, "ie`k isMG iek`lw hI qop nwL goilAW dw mINh vrswauNdw irhw, aus nUM bQyrw AwiKAw ik auh dOV jwey pr aus ny Aijhw krnw svIkwr nw kIqw qy ShId ho igAw"[ iesy qrHW kpqwn hMbly Awpxy roznwmy iv`c is`KW dI bhwdrI bwry ilKdw hY, "is`K ipAwdw ispwhI swfy &OjI dy Bwly dI cot Awpxy srIr 'qy KWdw pr aus iv`c ieqnw bl qy hOslw dyiKAw ik cuBy hoey Bwly dI nok nUM iK`cH ky bwhr k`Fx qoN pihlW hI swfy svwr dw isr AwpxI qlvwr nwL aufw idMdw[ kwrx ieh sI ik auh gory svwr nUM imAwn iv`coN qyg k`Fx dw mOkw hI nhIN sI idMdw[

gdwrW dI gdwrI, iPrMgI dI srdwrI sBrwvWN dI jMg smyN is`K &Oz dI kmwn duSt iqgVI dy h`Q iv`c sI[ qyjw isMG (pRDwn sYnwpqI) pUrbIAw sI, lwl isMG (vzIr) ruhqws lwgy sMGoeI dw bRwhmx Aqy gulwb isMG (AwrjI pRDwn mMqRI) fogrw sI[ ^wlsw &OjW dw sBrwvW dI jMg pRqI mu`K mMqv iPrMgI nUM pMjwb dI DrqI 'qy kwbz nw hox dyxw sI[ AMgryz is`K &Oj nwl hor lVweI krn leI iqAwr nhIN sn ikauNik pihlIAW cwr jMgW 'c auh is`KW dw h`Q dyK cu`ky sn[ ieiqhwsk q`Q drswauNdy hn ik gvrnr jrnl lwrf hwrifMg ny qyjw isMG nwl rwbqw kwiem kIqw[ aus ny gulwb isMG jo aus smyN jMmU kSmIr dy ielwky dw gvrnr sI nUM ikhw, "AsIN lVweI dy h`k iv`c nhIN hW[ qUM is`KW nUM eIn mMnx leI mnw lY AsIN qYnUM jMmU kSmIr dy ielwky p`ky qOr qy sMBwl idAWgy"[ ies ny ikhw, "is`K kdy vI eIn nhIN mMnxgy Aqy nw hI quhwnUM pMjwb dI DrqI 'qy pYr r`Kx dyxgy"[ rwjw gulwb isMG nwL hwrifMg ny jo gupq smJOqw kIqw aus iv`c SrqW ieh sn: 1)

is`KW dIAW &OjW 'qy AMgRyzI &OjW hmlw krngIAW[

hwrI hoeI is`K &Oj nUM auhnW dI AwpxI srkwr vI Apnwaux qoN ienkwr krygI[

sqluj dy rsqy lwhOr-pu`jx iv`c AMgryzW nUM koeI rukwvt nhIN AweygI qy lwhOr vl jWdI sVk AMgryzW leI KwlI C`fI jwvygI[ 33

kYptn jy.fI. kinMGm ny AwpxI ikqwb 'ihstrI Aw& isKs (History of Sikhs) iv`c ies gupq smJOqy dw Kulwsw kIqw sI[ ieh Byq KolHx 'qy aus nUM BwrI szw id`qI geI, nOkrI qoN kìFAw igAw ijs gm kwrn auh AMbwlw CwauxI ivKy mr igAw[ fwktr ikrpwl isMG 1964 iv`c jdoN ieMglYNf gey qW auh myjr Swrt dI shwieqw nwl pYsnhwrt phuMcy ij`Qy lwrf hwrifMg dw Grwxw rihMdw hY[ vwiesrwey sr hYnrI hwrifMg dw poqrw sr cwrls hwrifMg vI 1911 qoN 1916 q`k ihMdusqwn iv`c vwiesrwey irhw sI[ hYln lyfI hwrifMg jo hYnrI hwrifMg dI nUMh sI aus ny hYnrI hwrifMg dw irkwrf sWB ky rìKAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny ikrpwl isMG nUM ikhw ik hYnrI swihb dy kuJ kwgz kYnyfw ivKy mYkigl XUnIvristI iv`c vI surìKAq pey hn ikauNik kuJ prvwr kYnyfw cilAw igAw sI[ hYnrI hwrifMg dy prvwr kol AMgryz is`K jMg dIAW peIAW ic`TIAW bhuq mh`qv pUrn hn[ hYnrI hwrifMg ny gulwb isMG nwL kIqy gupq smJOqy nUM BwvyN nhIN sI kbUilAw pr sBrwvW dI jMg qoN pihlW 10 PrvrI 1846 dy ie`k p`qr iv`c aus ny AwpxI pqnI nUM iliKAw sI, "mYnUM rwjw gulwb isMG qoN sMdyS imilAw hY, ijs hwlq iv`c pltwau Awaux dI sMBwvnw hY[" hYnrI hwrifMg nwL gulwb isMG ie`k swl qoN ic`TI p`qr krdw rihMdw sI[ gulwb isMG dI ie`k ic`TI jo 3 sqMbr 1845 nUM ilKI geI iv`c hwrifMg ilKdw hY ik gulwb isMG is`K &Oj 'c Pu`t pwaux Aqy ijMdW dy pUrI qrHW ivru`D hY[ 19 PrvrI 1846 dI ic`TI iv`c aus ny iliKAw ik eySIAw dw sB qoN v`fw mkwr vzIr myry kYNp nwl hY[ gulwb isMG ny Brosw id`qw hY ik ijqnW icr quhwfIAW qopW Aqy lVweI dw swjo smwn nhIN phuMcdw mYN is`K &Oj nUM lVweI krn qoN rokI r`KWgw[ nwl hI lVweI smyN mYN is`K &Oj nUM loVINdw goLI is`kw Aqy rwSn vgYrw nhIN ByjWgw"[ lwrf lwrMs ny ilKqI rUp iv`c gulwb isMG nUM iekrwrnwmw id`qw ik ij`q auprMq AsIN qYnUM kSmIr dw ielwkw p`ky qOr qy ienwm vjoN dyvWgy[ gulwb isMG dI ies BYVI nIqI bwry hYnrI hYlvwk dw kQn hY ik jy iksy muÌ&#x20AC;svr (Artist) ny eyiSAweI

swjSW qy goNdW dI mkwrI BrI qsvIr bxwauNxI hovy qW gulwby nUM vyK ky iPr iKAwlI FWcy nUM klpx dI zrUrq nhIN rih jWdI[ kYptn mUry 'History of India' iv`c drz krdw hY, "sBrwvW dI lVweI qoN pihlW dohW pwisAW dy jrnYlW vloN Aijhw GtIAw Aqy Srmnwk smJOqw dunIAW dy ieiqhws iv`c pihlW kdy nhIN hoieAw sI[ ies smJOqy qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ihMdusqwn iv`c AMgryzI rwj iks invwx q`k if`g ipAw hY"[

sBrwvW dI jMg ieM\ gulwb isMG juMflI ny is`K &Oj nUM DoKw dy ky iPrMgI nUM sBrwvW dI jMg ijqwaux leI ikhVI ikhVI krqUq kIqI[ iehnW ny imsr lwl isMG rwhIN AwpxI &OjI kwrvweI dI ivauNq dw nkSw iPrMgI nUM 8 PrvrI dy idn munSI S`msdIn ksUrI dy h`Q Byj id`qw sI[ 10 PrvrI nUM sBrwvW ivKy gihg`c lVweI SurU ho geI[ srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI vwly ijnHW dw buFypy kwrn dwVHw ic`tw sI ny AMimRq vyly ieSnwn pwn kr ky, ic`tw bwxw pihn, gurbwxI aucwr ky gurU A`gy jodVI kr, ic`tI GoVI 'qy SsqrW smyq svwr ho jMg iv`c jUJy[ jdoN gdwrW lwl isMG qy qyjw isMG ny AtwrIvwLy nUM jMg dI AgvweI krdw vyiKAw qW ienHW dy rMg pIly pY gey Aqy swh su`k gey[ jMg SurU hox qoN pihlW ienHW gdwrW ny AtwrIvwly nUM vI llcwaux dI koiSS kIqI Aqy g`lbwq dOrwn AwiKAw ik jykr qUM swfw swQ dyvyN qW gory AwpW nUM cMgy Ahudy invwj ky rwj Bwg dy mwlk bxw dyxgy[ pr sUry ny ienHW dI slwh kbUl nw kIqI[ AtwrI vwly dy jMg iv`c Swml hox nwl isMGW dy hOsly bulMd ho gey[ aunHW ngwirAW 'qy cotW lw, 'boly so inhwl' dy jYkwry gjw, qopW dy goly vrHw iPrMgI dw AYsw Gwx kIqw ik aunHW dy hoS au~f gey[ Swh muhMmd dy bol hn: Swh muhMmdw isMGW ny goirAW dy, vWg inMbUAW lhU incoV su`ty[

srdwr Swm isMG ny is`K POjIAW nwL imL ky AYsy AwhU lwhy ik iPrMgI dy dlW 'c kurlwht pY igAw[ myvw isMG Aqy mwKy ny AYsI

t`kr id`qI ik iPrMgI dy kIqy iqMn mwrU vwr As&l kr id`qy[ Swm isMG AtwrI vwly ny jnrl if`k aup`r AYsw pycIdw vwr kIqw qy auh sdw leI jhwn qoN cilAw igAw? pr ies kuk`VKohI jMg iv`c AMgRyz sYnkW ny srdwr nUM cwroN qrPoN Gyr ky golIAW dI AYsI buCwV kIqI ik auh 'Aq hI rx myN qb jUJ mroN' dy mhW bolW Anuswr ShIdI pw igAw[ ieM\ is`K rwj dw bu`Fw jrnYl AnykW P`t Kw ky lwswnI kurbwnI dy igAw[ Swh muhMmd dy Sbd hn: Swm isMG srdwr AtwrI vwly, bMnH SsqrI joV ivCoV su`ty[

kwdrXwr srdwr dy gux ieM\ gwauNdw hY: Py-&Oj iv`c bhuq srdwr nwmIN, is&q nhIN kr skdw kuJ kihx vwlw[ iek dUjy dw swnI cqrweI dy iv`c, Aqy lVweI iv`c ipCWh nw rihx vwlw[ AYpr ie`k srdwr AjIb Xwro, j^m swmHxy mUMh 'qy sihx vwlw[ kwdrXwr jhwn 'qy nwm roSn, Swm isMG AtwrI dw rihx vwlw[

kinMGm Anuswr is`K &OjI ie`k ie`k ieMc jgHw leI lV qy mr rhy sn[ isMGW dI ie`k pwsy AMgryzW vrgI jwhl kOm nwL t`kr sI Aqy dUjy pwsy kmIny ihMdusqwnIAW Aqy gdwrW nwL t`kr sI'[ gdwr Aqy mkwr AwgU gulwb isMG ny brUd dI QW sroNH Br ky Byj id`qI Aqy rwSn pwxI vI nw phuMcdw kIqw[ iPr jdoN qyjw isMG ny dyiKAw ik isMGW dy DwivAW nwL iPrMgI dy pYr ih`l cu`ky hn qW auh Awpxy dl dI &Oj lY ky kyvl mYdwn 'coN dOiVAw hI nhIN sgoN jWdw hoieAw jwlmwnw ru`cI kwrn byVIAW nwl bixAw puL vI qoV igAw[ ies qrHW ieh AwpxI gdwrI dw ipAwlw n`ko n`k Br igAw[ iPrMgI qy gdwrW ny srdwr AtwrI vwly qoN ivhUxI hoeI is`K sYnw Asly rihq Aqy Bojn rihq dirAw v`l Dkyl id`qI[ isMGW ny qygW lihrwauNidAW bcwA leI jdoN puL rwhIN dUjy pwsy jwx dw Xqn kIqw qW pul tu`tw dyK dirAw iv`c CwlW mwr id`qIAW[ iksy vI XoDy ny jwn bcwaux 36

leI nw hiQAwr su`ty, nw iPrMgI dI eIn mMnI Aqy nw hI koeI aunHW dy h`Q AwieAw[ auh AwKrI dm q`k bhwdrI dy kwrnwmy idKwauNdy rhy[ AwKIr sqluj dirAw iv`c CwlW mwr id`qIAW[ pr b`ucV AMgryz &OjIAW ny pwxI iv`c ruVHy jWdy is`K sYinkW 'qy mINh vWg golIAW dI buCwV kr ky 10,000 dy lg Bg mOq dI nINd sulwA id`qy[ dirAw dw pwxI KUn nwL lwL kr id`qw[ pIArsn 'hIro Aw& fylHI' iv`c ilKdw hY ik AMgryzW dI hwr ie`k vwr iPr ij`q iv`c bdl geI[ lwrf gP ibitRS pRDwn mMqRI lwrf pIl nUM ie`k rIport iv`c ilKdw hY, "ie`k kmWfr ien-cIP dI hYsIAq iv`c BwvyN mYnUM Awpxy duSmx (is`KW) bwry in`jI BwvnwvW ibAwn krn dI Ku`lH nhIN hY, pr iPr vI mYN quhwnUM ieh d`sx qoN nhIN rih skdw ik is`K &OjI in`jI qOr 'qy Aqy smUhk qOr 'qy mhwn nwiekW dI qrHW jUJ rhy sn[ jo hSr AsIN Aijhy nwiekW (is`KW) dw kIqw sI ie`k mnu`K hox dy nwqy mYN SrmSwr hoxo Aqy hMJU vhwaux qoN kdI nhIN rukdw[" gvrnr jnrl hwrifMg dw vI ibAwn hY ik is`K kOm dI ivl`Kxqw bwkI ihMdusqwnIAW nwLoN v`KrI hY[ ipAwrw isMG pdm vrnx krdy hn ik keI sBrwvW dI hwr dw doS ijMdW dy juMmy lwauNdy hn ik aus ny Awpxy BweI dw bdlw lYx leI ieh sB kuJ kIqw[ pr ieh sB fogirAW dw pRwpygMfw sI[ kI rwxI ijMdW ieh nhIN sI jwxdI ik is`K &Oj dI qbwhI dw ArQ aus dy pu`qr dlIp isMG dy rwj dI qbwhI hY? qy aus dI AwpxI qbwhI hY? sohx isMG sIql ny vI ies g`l dI pRoVHqw kIqI hY ik imsr lwl isMG qy qyjw isMG ny AwpxI kOmI gdwrI dy aulwhmy mhwrwxI ijMd kOr dy isr mVHy[ auh nUM bdnwm krn 'c koeI ksr nw C`fI[ audoN dIAW aufweIAW geIAW JUTIAW g`lW Aqy A&vwhW Ajy q`k AnpVH qy ieiqhws qoN Anjwx lokW iv`c pRc`lq hn[

is`K rwj 'qy iPrMgI dw kbjw iPrMgI &OjW sqluj pwr kr ky 15 PrvrI 1846 nUM ksUr jw bYTIAW[ 15 PrvrI nUM gulwb isMG ksUr phuMicAw Aqy sBrwvW dI 37

jMg qoN pihlW kIqy vwAidAW bwry g`lbwq kIqI[ lwrf hwrifMg ny ikhw, "swrIAW SrqW lwhOr phuMc ky qYA kIqIAW jwxgIAW[" 20 PrvrI 1846 nUM AMgryz &OjW DOsy vjwauNdIAW, mwro mwr krdIAW Aqy KuSI pRgtwauNdIAW lwhOr phuMc geIAW[ Swh muhMmd AMgryzW dy lwhOr vVn dw izkr ieauN krdw hY[ pul b`Dw PrMgI ^br sux ky, lWGy pwey nI iv`c plkwrIAW dy[ Awey Sihr lwhOr nUM KuSI krdy, vjdy vwijAW nwl ngwirAW dy sWB ley srkwr dy islyKwny, vwlI bxy nI rwj dulwirAW dy[ Swh muhMmdw PyV sI ivrilAW dI, soeI pyS AweI isMGW swirAW dy[

qkVy dw sqIN vIhIN sO huMdw hY[ aus dI mwrU ru`cI BwrI ho jWdI hY[ lwrf hwrifMg ny 9 mwrc 1846 nUM ie`k Aihdnwmw (Treaty) iqAwr kIqw ijs iv`c iliKAw igAw, "sqluj Aqy ibAws dy ivckwrlw ielwkw kMpnI dw hovygw; jMg iv`c vrqIAW 36 qopW kMpnI nUM id`qIAW jwxgIAW; Kwlsw drbwr AMgryzI srkwr dI AigAw ibnw Awpxw ielwkw Gtw vDw nhIN skygw; gulwb isMG nUM jMmU dw KudmuKiqAwr rwjw mMnxw pvygw; A`goN leI &Oj dI BrqI AMgRyz A&srW dI slwh nwL kIqI jwvygI, mhwrwjw bwgI &OjIAW nUM k`F kyvl 20 hjwr &Oj hI r`K skygw[ 11 mwrc nUM ie`k hor sMDI-p`qR rwhIN cqrweI vrq ky AMgRyz &Oj lwhOr drbwr dI rwKI leI ibTw id`qI[ ieM\ is`K rwj ^qm ho igAw Aqy AMgRyz pMjwb dy mwlk bx gey[ gdwrW dIAW A`KW pUMJx leI hYnrI lwrMs dy pRbMD hyT ie`k rwj pRbMDk kOsl dw gTn kIqw ijs iv`c lwl isMG vzIr qy qyjw isMG sYnwpqI bxwieAw[ mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dw muKiqAwr mMn ky fyF l`K ruipAw dyxw mnzUr kIqw igAw[ pihlI AYNglo is`K jMg (First Anglo Sikh War) ip`CoN hYnrI lwrMs lwhOr drbwr dw pUrn krqw Drqw bx igAw[ ies dy h`Q iv`c

qwkq Awaux kr ky ieh mnmwnIAW 'qy au`qr AwieAw[ lwhOr drbwr 'qy kbjw krn auprMq ies ny D`ky nwL dlIp isMG nUM ijMdW qoN ivCoV id`qw[ ies ny ie`k vwr mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM vwlW qoN pkV ky vI GVIisAw[ dlIp isMG dI rKvwlI imstr lwgn nUM sONp id`qI[ AxBol bwlk dlIp isMG dw pwln-pOSx eIsweI m`q dy FMgW Anuswr SurU krw id`qw[ ies lwgn ny dlIp isMG dy mn iv`c ieh Aihsws krwauxw SurU kr id`qw ik eIsweI m`q dw Drm Aqy s`iBAwcwr is`K m`q nwloN cMgw Aqy sdwcwrI hY[ mhwrwjy nUM pMjwbI, gurmuKI, aurdU Awid dI bjwey AMgryzI pVHwauxI SurU kr id`qI[ AwKIr ies dw Drm qbdIl kr ky eIsweI bxw id`qw[

AiDAwie 3 rwxI ijMdW nUM kYdI bxw ky dyS-inkwlw dyxw iPrMgI &Oj lwhOr drbwr dI rwKI leI bTwaux kr ky cwry pwsy gm dI lihr sI[ ijMdW dIAW husIn A`KW gu`sy iv`c lwl sn[ auh hr roz dy ngwirAW dy nzwry, cihl-pihl, Atk-mtk Aqy rOxkW qoN dUr sI[ ^wlsw sYink Swhdry 'c kYd sn[ g`l kI pMjwb inqwxw Aqy qwbydwr ho igAw sI[ clwk Aqy swjsI sr hYnrI hwrifMg ny 16 dsMbr 1846 nUM Brovwl ivKy ie`k hor Aihdnwmw jwrI kIqw[ ies Anuswr AMgRyz &Oj ijs ny pihlI sMDI Anuswr ie`k swl bwAd cly jwxw sI sdw leI p`kI Tihrw id`qI[ hr mihkmy dy kMm iv`c AMgRyz A&sr nUM pUry AiDkwr id`qy gey, auh ^wlsw rwj dy iksy ikLHy 'qy kbzw kr skdw sI[ lwhOr drbwr AMgRyzI &Oj dy Krc leI 22 l`K rupey slwnw dyvygw[ mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM fyF l`K rupey swlwnw 4 sqMbr 1854 q`k jdoN mhwrwjw dlIp isMG 16 swl dw ho jwvygw hI imlygw[ hYnrI lwrMs nUM mhwrwjy dw rYzIfYNt bxw id`qw Aqy ijMdW dy sB AiDkwr ^qm kr id`qy[ ies lwrMs dy Sbd sn, â&#x20AC;&#x153;mYN ienHW hl vwh pMjwbI srdwrW qoN qlvwr Koh ky muV hl dI jMGI PVwauxI hY[ ieh Awpxy Awp nUM pMjwb dw bwdSwh khwauNdw sI[ ies hMkwrI lwrMs nUM 1857 dy gdr smyN isMGW ny lKnaU ivKy mwr id`qw sI ikauNik ies ny mhwrwxI nUM bVw qMg kIqw sI[ ies Aihdnwmy muqwbk qyjw isMG, Syr isMG AtwrI, dIvwn dInw nwQ, PkIr nUraudIn, rxjoD isMG mjITIAw, BweI inDwn isMG, Aqr isMG kwlyvwLw Aqy SmSyr isMG sMDwvwlIAw dI kONsl bxweI geI[ ieh kONsl ^wlsw drbwr dw AMdrUnI kMm kwj krygI[ lwrf hwrifMg Aqy hYnrI lwrMs nUM rwxI ijMdW kMfy vWg rVk rhI sI[ 7 Agsq 1847 nUM iehnW dohW ny SwhI drbwr kr ky gdwr qyjw isMG nUM 'rwjy' dw i^qwb dy id`qw[ rwxI ijMdW dy sk`qr prmy nUM rwj DRohI doSI Tihrw ky &WsI lw id`qw[ prmy 'qy doS ieh lwieAw ik auh qyjw isMG nUM mwrn dI swjS GV irhw sI[

ijMdW nUM kYd krnw gvrnr jnrl hwrifMg ny ieh hdwieqW hwrI kr id`qIAW sn ik mhwrwxI ijMdW dy h`Q iv`c koeI qwkq nhIN hoxI cwhIdI[ hwrifMg nUM KuS krn leI rYzIfYNt lwrMs ny inrdoS rwxI 'qy JUTy doS lw ky lwhOr iklHy dy sMmn burj iv`c nzrbMd kr id`qw (fwktr gMfw isMG, is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 133 'qy)[ lwrMs v`loN hwrifMg nUM 17 dsMbr 1846 vwly ilKy p`qr dy kuJ AMS ieM\ ibAwn krdy hn, â&#x20AC;&#x153;ipCly ie`k do idnW qoN rwxI Awpxw swry dw swrw qwx Coty v`fy srdwrW nUM Awpxy nwL imLw ky rwj dI suqMqrqw dI ie`k skIm iv`c iek`qr krn iv`c lw rhI hY, ijs nwL auh Awp rwj dI mohrI hovygI[ ies iv`c aus dw v`fw slwhkwr AMgryzW dw sdw dw ivroDI rwjw dInw nwQ hY[" hwrifMg ny 16 dsMbr 1846 nUM ie`k ic`TI PrYfirk krI (Frederic Currey) nUM vI ilKI ijs dy mu`K Sbd sn, 'jy koeI bihs vwLI g`l hY, qW auh hY rwxI nUM ibly lwauxw[ myrw iKAwl hY, auh pMjwb iv`c iksy hor jgHw nwloN lwhOr iv`c G`t ^qrnwk hovygI[ jykr iPr vI auh qMg kry qW aus nUM dyS-inkwlw dy ky sqlujoN pwr Byj id`qw jwey[' mhwrwxI nUM qMg krn leI lwrMs ny ie`k bVw hI qwVnw vwLw, DmkI BirAw Aqy aus dI h`qk krn vwLw p`qr iliKAw ijs iv`c iliKAw ik qYnUM pMjwb dy rwj-kwj iv`c dKl dyx dw koeI h`k nhIN[ A`gy qoN qUM AwpxIAW shylIAW qy dws dwsIAW qoN ibnW hor iksy nUM nhIN imL skdI[ ies iv`c hI qyrI BlweI hY[ ie`k mhIny iv`c qUM pMj-Cy srdwrW qoN v`D iek`iTAW nhIN iml skdI[ aunHW nUM imlx smyN qYnUM prdy iv`c rihxw cwhIdw hY ijvyN jYpur, joDpur, Awid dIAW rwj kumwrIAW krdIAW hn[ koeI Eprw purS qyry mihl iv`c nhIN Awauxw cwhIdw[ qUM Awzwd ho ky AwnMd nwl rih, pr Awpxy swk sMbMDIAW qy srdwrW nUM nhIN imL skdI[ jo qYnUM pYnSn fyF l`K swlwnw id`qI geI hY auh bRwhmxW Awid nUM bRhm-Boj Ckwaux leI nhIN, Awid[ Bwv ieh sB kuJ mhwrwxI nUM ksUrvwr,AprwDI Aqy ivdrohI Tihrw ky jylH iv`c su`tx dIAW iqAwrIAW sn[

ijMdW ny 9 jUn 1847 nUM ies p`qr dy au~qr iv`c iliKAw, ijqny idn mhwrwjw dlIp isMG pMjwb dw mhwrwjw hY auqny idn mYN mhwrwxI hW[ AwpxI fyF l`K pYnSn bwry mYN ieqnw hI AwKxw hY ik hux ies dI crcw bwr bwr nhIN hoxI cwhIdI[ mnu`K dI ijho ijhI hwlq hovy aus Anuswr auh idn k`t lYNdw hY[ myry pws cwr-pMj ivSvwSI nOkr hn mYN aunHW nUM nhIN C`fWgI[ jo srdwrW nUM imlx smyN mYnUM dUjIAW irAwsqW dIAW rwjkumwrIAW vWg prdy iv`c rih ky g`l krn leI iliKAw hY auh rwj-kumwrIAW rwjnIqI iv`c ih`sw nhIN lYNdIAW[ auhnW dy rwjW iv`c suAwmI-Bgq (rwj-Bgq), bu`DIvwn qy ivSvwSI rwj-krmcwrI Awpxy pRwx lw ky rwj dI BlweI cwhuMdy hn[ pr ie`Qy dy rwj-Bgq kYsy hn ieh g`l Awp qoN gu`JI nhIN[ bwkI myry mihl iv`c Epry bMdy dy nw Awaux vwLI jo g`l ilKI hY ies leI myrI Awp dy A`gy bynqI hY ik Awp kuJ Ajyhy ieqbwrI bMdy ingrwnI leI r`K idau jo myry sMbMD iv`c ^brW quhwnUM idMdy rihx[ ijQoN q`k bRhm Boj dI g`l hY auh Swsqr dI nIqI Anuswr ie`k nyk kMm hY[ ies p`qr nUM pVH ky lwrMs sV bL igAw Aqy mhwrwxI nUM hor qMg krn 'c ju`t igAw[ ieh rYzIfYNt lwrMs ijMdW dIAW CotIAW CotIAW g`lW nUM vI swijS dw krwr dyx l`g ipAw[ sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn ik ie`k vwr mhwrwxI dI shylI aus vwsqy mulqwn qoN s&Yd gMnw ilAweI[ rYzIfYNt nUM KuVkI ik ijMd kOr mulqwn dy mUl rwj nwL iml ky AMgryzW ivru`D koeI swjS krn l`gI hY[ duSmx dw kMm huMdw hY duKdy 'qy h`Q lwauxw[ gvrnr jnrl ny 7 Agsq 1847 nUM ie`k v`fw drbwr rcwieAw ijs iv`c gdwr qyjw isMG nUM rwjy dI pdvI dyxI sI[ iPrMgI is`KW dy gdwrW nUM kIqI m`dd kwrn KuS krnw cwhuMdw sI pr mhwrwxI ies dy ivru`D sI[ is`K rwj iv`c ieh mirXwdw sI ik iksy nUM vI rwjy dw Ahudw dyx smyN pihlW mhwrwjw Awpxy h`QIN nvyN bxn vwly rwjy dyy m`Qy 'qy iqlk lwauNdw sI[ lwrMs ny ijMdW nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik auh mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM rwjy dy iqlk lwaux leI qurMq Byjy[ pr rwxI ny mhwrwjy nUM imQy smyN qoN ie`k GMtw lyt ByijAw[ ies dw kwrn sI ik 11 swl dy bwlk mhwrwjy nUM smJwauxw sI ik qyjw isMG qW is`KW dw vYrI hY, qUM ieh pRikRAw qoN 42

nWh kr deIN[ nwL hI mhwrwxI dy mn 'c ros sI ik aus nwl jW aus dy kONsl dy mYNbr dInw nwQ nwl ies kMm leI iPrMgI ny slwh q`k nhIN kIqI[ iPr vI rwxI ny dlIp isMG nUM smwgm iv`c iqAwr kr ky Byj id`qw[ rYzIfYNt lwrMs ny mhwrwjy 'qy bwr bwr zor pwieAw ik auh qyjw isMG dy m`Qy 'qy iqlk lgwey pr bwl mhwrwjy ny nWh kr id`qI[ AYsI dSw dyK ky ie`k gRMQI (pRohq) nUM lwlc dy ky iqlk lgwaux dI rsm pUrI krweI[ g`l kI ijs dw rwj aus dw qyj huMdw hY Aqy cVHdy sUrj nUM slwmW huMdIAW hn[ gurbwxI dy vI Sbd hn: ijs hI kI srkwr hY iqs hI kw sB koie]

qyjw isMG nUM rwjw bxwaux dI KuSI iv`c Swm nUM AwqSbwjI (Firework) kIqI geI[ mhwrwxI ny dlIp isMG nUM AwqSbwjI dyKx leI nw ByijAw[ qyjw isMG ny rwjy dw pd AKiqAwr kr ky ijMdW nUM hor qMg krnw SurU kr id`qw[ ies ny hwrifMg Aqy lwrMs pws mhwrwxI pRqI hor vDw cVHw ky qUhmqW lgwauxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ Kwx pwx Aqy Dn dI AOiKAweI dyK mhwrwxI ny hYnrI lwrMs nUM A`D Agsq, 1847 nUM Awpxy h`QIN ic`TI ilKI ijs iv`c mhwrwxI ny Awpxy au~qy ho rhIAW vDIkIAW bwry swP swP ilK id`qw[ ilK qum bIbI swihb, Alwrwin (lwrMs) swihb robkwrI! AsW Awpuxw isr quhwfy hvwly kIqw sI, qusW inmk hrwmW dy pYrW ivc dy id`qw su[ qusW swfI munsbI n pweI[ quhwnUM jo cwhIdw sI jo idrAw&qI kr ky jo swfy juMmy lgdw so lWdy[ inmk hrwmW dy khy nhIN sI lgxw[ qusW v`fy mhwrwj dI dosqI vl bI nhIN ifTw[ qusW myrI Abro lokW qoN lweI ey, qusW krwrnwvyN qy AYdHnwvy aupr bI kuJ Abl nhIN kIqw[ rwjw lwl isMG myrw muhqib sI qy KYr Kw, so qusW qkbIr kr ky Byj id`qw qW AsW kuJ nhIN quswnUM AwiKAw[ swfy idl iv`c ieh g`l sI jo Awp swhwb swfy pws ny swnUM fr iksdw ey[ swnUM ies g`l dI ^br nhIN sI JUTIAW g`lW swfy jumy lw ky qy kYd chW kIqw[ koeI swfI ilKq dsy v kuJ swfy jumy lwieAw[ Pyr jo quhwfI mrjI so krdy, iek mYN qy iek mhwrwj qy bwkI tihlxw 43

AsIN sMmx iv`c kYd vW hor nOkr sB kF id`qy hYn[ AsIN bhuq lwcwr hoeIAW pwxI qy rotI bI nhIN Awaux idMdw[ ies qyr jo swnUM qMg krdy ho, eys gl koloN PWsI ilgw dyau[ jo qusW swfI Adwlq kIqI qW A`CI g`l nhIN qW nMdx sqr iv`c iPrAwd krWgy[ hor jyhVw fUf lK lweyAw sI auh bI nhIN iksy id`qw[ hor jyhVw cuhu mhInyAW dy iv`c Krc kIqw sI iekvMjw hwjwr so gYhxy vyc imsr mygw rwm nUM dy id`qw ey[ iksy kolo kuJ mMgdy nhIN sW Awpxy gihxy vyc ky gujrwn krdy sW, bynhk swfI Awbro ikau lwhI[ mMglw kI qksIr kIqI aunUM bI kf id`qw[ Aj mhwrwj swfy pws.... Aw ky bhuq roNdy rhy ny, AwKx lgy swnUM ibCn isMG qy gulwb isMG frW'dy ny jo qW mhwrwj nUM fr nwl kuJ ho igAw qW iPr mYN kI krWgI[ eynw aunW nUM AwKyAw ny quhwnU shb dw hukm hY, jy Cwlw bwg jw ky auqrU auh sux ky qy bhuq roNdy rhy[ ey jyVIAW glW swfy nwl krdy ho, iksy rjvwVy iv`c nhIN hoeIAW qusI kuJy (guJy) rwj ikauN sWbdy au, jwrw (jwhr) ho ik ikau nhIN krdy[ nwly dosqI dw hrP rKdy au[ myrI Adwlq kryau nhIN qW nMdx (lMdn) iPrAwd krWgI[ iqMnu cauN inmk hrwmW nUM rK lau[ hor swrI pMjwb nUM kql krw dyau, ienW dy AwKy lg ky[

(mohr Akwl shwie) ieh Asl ic`TI ^wlsw kwlj AMimRqsr dI lwiebRyrI iv`c mOjUd hY[ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr ies qoN ielwvw rwxI ijMdW dIAW do ic`TIAW hor vI imldIAW hn[

ijMdW nUM dlIp nwloN v`K krnw cMgI soc vwlw bMdw nyk kMm krdw hY, auh hmySw dUjy dI BlweI socdw hY[ ifgdy nUM shwrw idMdw hY, fubdy nUM iknwrw idMdw hY Aqy ivCVy nwL imlwauNdw hY[ ies dy ault mMdI soc vwlw bdI krdw hY[ hmySw dUjy dI buirAweI icqvdw hY, KVHy nUM fygx dI g`l krdw hY, qrdy nUM fob idMdw hY Aqy imilAW nUM ivCoVn dI socdw hY[ AYsI buirAweI gvrnr jnrl tuMfy lwt hwrifMg ny socI[ ies ny 16 Agsq 1847 nUM rYzIfYNt lwrMs nUM Kq iliKAw ijs iv`c muÌ&#x20AC;K g`l sI, "hux vWg jy mhwrwxI , bwlk mhwrwjy 'qy Awpxw pUrw Asr 44

pwauNdI rhI qW srkwr dw pRbMD shI nhIN c`l skygw[ kONsl nUM eys g`l dw inrw AMdySw hI nhIN' sgoN pUrw fr hY ik jy mhwrwxI swry ijMmyvwr srdwrW nMU pMjwb srkwr dy pRbMD dy ivru`D mhwrwjy dy idl iv`c zihr BrdI rhI, qW A`gy vwsqy bVy ^qrnwk nqIjy inklxgy (Punjab papers 1847-49, Page 47)[ aus ny ieh vI iliKAw ik mYN aunHW ijMmyvwrIAW iv`c vI bMinHAW hoieAW hW, jo aus au~qy AMgryzI srkwr ny mhwrjy dI bwlk AvsQw kr ky aus dI rìKAw dw vwAdw kr ky lweIAW hn[ ies p`qr iv`c ieh vI AMikq sI ik ijMdW nUM lwhOr qoN k`Fx leI drbwr dy srdwrW dI slwh leI jwvy[ Asl iv`c AMgryzI AiDkwrIAW dw mu`K inSwnw mhwrwxI nUM dyS inkwlw dyx dw sI[ eIvwnz bYl ` (Evans Bell) dy ieh Sbd pMjwb pyprz dy s&w 47 'qy drz hn[ 'AsIN jwxdy hW ik Agsq 1847 iv`c mhwrwxI nUM dySoN k`Fx iv`c drbwr dy srdwrW ny klMk dw it`kw nhIN lvwieAw[ gvrnr jnrl dy hukm 'qy c`lidAW lwrMs ny 19 Agsq 1847 nUM mhwrwxI lwhOroN 20 mIl dUr SyKUpur dy iklHy iv`c nzrbMd kr id`qI[ aus dI fyF l`K pYnSn Gtw ky 48 hzwr swlwnw kr id`qI[ kihMdy hn ik ijMdW SyKUpur iklyH iv`c phuMcx qoN pihlW rYzIfYNt nUM imlxw cwhuMdI sI pr ies leI aus ny prvwngI nw id`qI[ hYnrI lwrMs srkwrI ip`TU hox kr ky bVw hMkwrI, ivkwrI Aqy durwcwrI sI[ srdwr KuSvMq isMG iLKdy hn ik ies ny mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM 10 sqMbr 1847 dy idn kysW qoN PV ky GVIisAw[ ieh AOrq dI iezq nUM h`Q pwaux dI koJI hrkq sI[ ieM\ ienHW jWglI dirMidAW ny 9 ku swl dy mhwrwjy nUM mW qoN ivCoV id`qw[ Brovwl dy Aihdnwmy nUM A`KoN proKy kr ky pYnSn Gtw id`qI[ mhwrwxI v`loN dlIp nUM su`K-snyhw G`lx qoN vI rok lw id`qI[ g`l kI ienHW mhwrwjy Aqy mhwrwxI dy pdW nUM pYrW iv`c rol id`qw[ mW dI pu`qr pRqI mmqw, moh Aqy snyh 'qy BwrI s`t mwrI[ hwrifMg ilKdw hY ik dlIp dI pwlxw-poSx krnw, aus nUM cMgI ivìdAw Aqy cMgI isìKAw dyxw swfI izMmyvwrI hY[ 20 Agsq 1847 nUM jo lwhOr qoN AYlwn hoieAw aus dy Sbd sn, "lwhOr drbwr qy srkwr AMgryzI iv`c im`qrqw hox kwrn, mhwrwjy dI bwlk AvsQw aus dI rìKAw 45

krn iv`c gvrnr-jnrl ipqw vrgw SOk rKdw hY'[ Blw aus qoN koeI pu`Cy ik mW nwloN b`cy dI dyK-Bwl Awid hor kOx cMgI qrHW kr skdw hY? AMgryzI srkwr mhwrwjy nUM aus dI mW bolI Aqy jnm BUmI vwLI mW nwloN vI dUr krnw cwhUMdI sI, qW ik auh Awpxw s`iBAwcwr, is`KI isDwqW Aqy is`K rwj dy ieiqhws qoN jwxU nw ho jwvy[ ieh SyKUpur dw iklHw jhWgIr ny bxvwieAw sI[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny AwpxI rwxI rwj kOr nUM jwgIr iv`c dy id`qw sI[ rwxI ijMdW ny lwrMs nUM ie`QoN vI ie`k p`qr iliKAw, ijs dy kuJ Sbd sn, 'gurU Awsry mYN eyQy TIk Twk hW[ qusIN r`b nUM hwzr nwzr jwx ky socxw ik mW qoN pu`qr nUM v`K krnw, ies qoN v`fw zulm kI ho skdw hY? ikRpw kr ky myrw smwn jldI Byj dyxw[

nvyN gvrnr jnrl flhOzI dw klk`qy Aqy rYzIfYNt krI dw lwhOr Awauxw hwrifMg dI QW 'qy brqwnIAW srkwr ny mwrkueIs flhOzI (Marquess Dalhousi) nUM gvrnr jnrl Aqy hYnrI lwrMs dI QW 'qy PrYfirk krI (Fredrick Currie) nUM rYzIfYNt lgw id`qw[ flhozI ny qW 21 jnvrI nUM Ahudw sMBwl ilAw pr krI ny rYzIfYNt dy Ahudy qy 9 mwrc 1848 nUM kMm krnw SUrU kIqw[ jOhn lwrMs (Johan Laurence) ijhVw aus smyN lwhOr dw rYzIfYNt sI, ieh qkrIbn do mhIny PrYfirk krI dI gYrhwzrI iv`c rwj Bwg dw kMm clwauNdw irhw[ ieh jOhn lwrMs hYnrI lwrMs dw Brw sI[ ieh dovyN A&sr hwrifMg Aqy hYnrI lwrMs nwloN vI p`Qr idl sn[ ieh Awm g`l hY ik muzrm nUM hor szw dyx leI srkwrW aus ivru`D JUTIAW APvwhW PYlw idMdIAW hn qW ik lok aus dy hmwieqI nw bxn[ rYzIfYNt ny ie`k inrwDwr ^br aufw id`qI ik imsr lwl isMG dw vkIl swihb isMG corI corI ijMdW nUM imldw hY Aqy mhwrwxI ny ie`k &kIr nUM kSmIr dy rwjw gulwb isMG kol ByijAw hY[ ikMnI hwsohIxI g`l hY ik ijnHW gdwrW ny is`K rwj dw pqn krvw id`qw mhwrwxI aunHW nwl jylH 'c bYTI gMF-qu`p ikauN krygI? ieh JUTy doS lgw ky mhwrwxI dI kYd hor s^q kr id`qI[ kYd smyN ijMdW ny aus 46

dI syvw kr rhy nOkrW nUM KuS ho ky s`T s`T buqkIAW (is`K rwj dy smyN vwly sony dy is`ky) ienwm vjoN id`qIAW[ pr rYzIfYNt ny ieh buqkIAW nOkrW qoN mhwrwxI nUM vwps krw id`qIAW Aqy gu`sy 'c Aw ky purwxy nOkr nOkrwxIAW htw ky nvyN r`K id`qy[ nvyN syvwdwrW nUM rYzIfYNt ny s^q hdwieqW id`qIAW ik jo vI mhwrwxI qoN ienwm vjoN kuJ leygw aus nUM BwrI szw id`qI jwvygI[ ijMdW nUM ieh s^q icqwvnI id`qI geI ik jykr aus ny koeI p`qr iksy nuM Byjxw hY qW auh iklHy dy hwkm nUM idKw ky Byjy[ jdoN iksy ienswn nwL BYVw vrqwau kIqw jwvy Aqy aus aup`r JUTy doS lw ky aus nUM qMg kry aus dI ApIl nw suxy qW vkIl dI m`dd leI jWdI hY[ AYsw dyK mhwrwxI ny Awpxy vkIl srdwr jIvn isMG nUM klk`qy lwrf flhOzI kol ByijAw[ vkIl ny klk`qy phuMc flhOzI pws Arz kIqI ik rYzIfYNt inrdoS mhwrwxI nUM Kwh-mKwh ikauN qMg kr irhw hY? rYjIfYNt krI ny ijMdW dy rKvwly auh srdwr inXukq kIqy hn ijhVy aus dy p`ky duSmx hn[ ikrpw kr ky iksy nyk A&sr nUM mhwrwxI dI shwieqw leI lwau[ flhOzI bVw PrybI Aqy mkwrI sI[ auh kihMdw, "AsIN mhwrwxI dy iksy vkIl nUM nhIN mMndy[ aus nUM jykr koeI AOiKAweI hY auh rYzIfYNt rwhIN d`sy[" BwvyN flhOzI ny jIvn isMG nUM bVy ru`Ky bol boly pr auh dubwrw 23 PrvrI nUM iPr imilAw Aqy PirAwd kIqI, "Awp Awpxy bIq cu`ky im`qr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI ivDvw mhwrwxI ijMdW Aqy aus dy bwl pu`qr dlIp isMG 'qy qrs Kw ky aus nUM muAw& kr idau[ Awp jI dy AqI DMnvwdI hovWgy"[ ies hMkwrI, vkwrI Aqy mkwrI flhOzI ny au~qr iv`c ikhw, "flhOzI dI kcihrI iv`c ijMdW leI koeI muAw&I nhIN"[ ieM\ jIvn isMG Awpxw qwx lw ky inrwS ho ky muV AieAw[ dlIl, ApIl Aqy vkIl vwlI vwrqw PylH ho geI[ dUjy pwsy ikvyN nw ikvNy nOkrI 'coN k`Fy is`K &OjIAW nUM ijMdW 'qy kIqI jw rhI sKqweI dw pqw lg irhw sI, ijvyN kMnW iv`c kIqI g`l vI smW pw ky Gro Gr puÌ&#x20AC;j jWdI hY[ Gr bYTy ienHW &OjIAW dw idl ies g`loN aubwly Kw irhw sI ik ik`Qy rwxI mihlW dI syz mwxdI sI Aqy ik`Qy A`j jylH dIAW slwKW AMdr bMd hY Aqy pu`qr nUM vI nhIN dyK skdI[ Syr dI inAweIN isMG sUrmy ieh g`l ikvyN jr skdy sn? 47

mulqwn 'c gdr m`cxw sMn 1848 iv`c ^wlsw &Oj dy nOkrI qoN k`Fy &OjIAW ny mhwrwxI nUM qMg krn dIAW ^brW sux AMgryz hkUmq ivruÌ&#x20AC;D ivdroh kr id`qw[ dUjw ivdroh dw kwrn sI ik mulqwn dy hwkm dIvwn swvx m`l dw pu`qr dIvwn mUl rwj AMgRyzW dy ieSwry 'qy is`KW ivr`uD lokW nUM BVkw irhw sI[ qIjw kwrn ipAwrw isMG pdm ny ieh iliKAw ik 30 hzwr dy lg Bg is`K ispwh-slwr &Oj 'coN k`Fy hoey bykwr hoey iPrdy sn, lVn qoN vgYr iksy hor hunr qoN auh nwvwikP sn[ krI ny dIvwn kwnH isMG nUM hwkm bxw ky mulqwn ByijAw[ ies dI m`dd leI do AMgryz A&srW vwns AYginaU qy lY&tInYNt AYNfrsn nUM vI nwL ByijAw[ ienHW dw mu`K mMqv sI mulqwn 'c hoeI gVbV nUM dbwauxw[ pr do inhMg isMGW ny ie`k idn dohW AMgryz A&srW nUM kql kr id`qw[ ieh sux rYzIfYNt krI nUM h`QW pYrW dI pY geI[ ies ny soicAw ik ho skdw hY kwnH isMG ny iehnW A&srW nUM mrvwieAw hovy[ 8 meI 1848 nUM kwnH isMG Aqy gMgw rwm (vkIl mhwrwxI ijMdW) dy iv`ruD AMgryz A&srW nUM mrvwaux sMbMDI JUTI swjS GV ky kwnH isMG Aqy gMgw rwm nUM PWsI id`qI geI[ ies dw vyrvw lyfI lwgn vloN sr jOhnsn Aqy dlIp isMG bwry 1890 'c ilKI ikqwb dy pMnw 118 'qy drz kIqw hY[ pihlW rYzIfYNt ny AjyhI swjS dw doS mhwrwxI isr mVHnw cwihAw Aqy muk`dmW clwaux dI socI[ pr iPr ivcwirAw ik mhwrwxI qW s^q pihry hyT bMd hY, aus nUM qW koeI irSqydwr jW srdwr vI imlx nhIN id`qw jWdw Aqy nw hI aus nUM ic`TI p`qr dI iezwzq hY[ aus dy gunwh dw koeI sbUq nw hox kr ky auh Awpxy Awpxy Awp nUM inrdoS is`D kr dyvygI[ ie`k ic`TI rwhIN rYzIfYNt flhozI nUM iliKAw, "KulHy qOr 'qy rxjIq isMG dI ivDvw leI muk`dmy dw ivcwr hoxw pMjwb dy lokW nUM cuBygw ArQwq bgwvq PYl jwvygI[ AKIr ienHW ny ijMdW nUM dyS inkwly dw mn bxw ilAw[

mhwrwxI nUM bnwrs iklHy 'c kYd krn dw hukm AMgryz krI kmzor idl, JUTw, cwlbwz Aqy kmInw sI[ aus ny bhwnw lwieAw ik ijMdW ivrùD muk`dmw clwaux nwL bgwvq hox dw fr hY[ rYzIfYNt ny mhwrwxI nUM dyS inkwly dy kwgzwq au~qy iqMn mYNbrW-qyjw isMG (rwjw), PkIr nUr dIn Aqy Syr isMG dI QW 'qy aus dy Brw gulwb isMG dy dsq^q krwey[ dyKo AMgryz dw iensw& jy kONsl dw mYNbr nhIN mMinAw qW aus dy Brw dy dsq^q krvw ley[ ies inkwly dy kwgzW 'qy ieh iliKAw hoieAw sI ik jykr ijMdW bnwrs dI jylH 'c bYT ky hor koeI swjS rcygI qW ies nUM cunwr iklHy 'c Byj id`qw jwvygw[ nwL hI aus dI pYnSn 48 hzwr qoN Gtw ky 12 hzwr pRqI swl kr id`qI geI[ gory dI hor SYqwnI dyKo ijMdW nUM dyS inkwly dy kwgzW 'qy mohr mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dI lweI[ kI mhwrwjw dlIp isMG AwpxI mW nUM dyS inkwlw dyx leI kih skdw sI? mUl rUp iv`c rwjnIqk bMidAW dw Drm-eImwn koeI nhIN huMdw[ ieh lok cMfwl, inrdeI, by-rihm, by-drd Aqy by-ikrk huMdy hn[ l`utxW, pu`txW Aqy ku`txW ienHW dw jIvn mMqv huMdw hY[ ieh Awpxy ivroDI nUM mwrn jW mrvwaux qoN vI sMkoc nhIN krdy[ mW, ipau, Brw, BYx, BqIjw jW koeI hor qIjw iksy dy im`q nhIN huMdy[ 14 meI 1848 nMU krI ny Awpxy do A&sr-kpqwn ilmsfn qy lY&tInYNt hufsn qy ie`k muslmwn srdwr smyq ieh dyS-inkwly dI ic`TI ijMdW nUM dyx leI SyKUpury Byjy[ ienHW A&srW ny mhwrwxI nUM AwiKAw ik AsIN quhwnUM bVy Awdr mwx nwl iljwxw hY, qusIN jldI iqAwr ho jwau[ mhwrwxI ny AwiKAw, "mYnUM Awdr mwx dI zrUrq nhIN hY, qusIN ieh d`so mYnUM ik`Qy iljwxw hY?" au~qr iv`c ilmsfn ny kuJ nw d`isAw! Agly idn 15 meI nUM mhwrwxI swihbW nUM SyKUpury qoN ieh lok lY qury[ ijMdW dy mn iv`c soc au~TI ik mYnUM lwhOr iljwxgy Aqy auQy mYN pùqr dlIp isMG nUM ikvyN nw ikvyN imlWgI[ aus mW dy idl dI DVkx aus smyN kYsI hovygI ijhVI Awpxy pu`qr dw mUMh rwq idn qkdI sI, A`j aus nUM dyiKAW lg Bg 8 mhIny ho gey sn[ dUjy pwsy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy idl 'qy kI bIqdI hovygI?

jdoN ieh lok lwhOr t`p ky &Irozpur dy rsqy c`l pey qW ijMdW ny ilmsfn nUM Pyr pu`iCAw, "qusIN mYnUM ik`Dr lY jw rhy ho"? ies ny iPr koeI au~qr nw id`qw[ AKIr Swm smyN ieh sqluj dirAw dy kMFy 'qy phuMc gey[ sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn ik mhwrwxI dw kw&lw dirAw dy kMFy kuJ smyN leI TihirAw[ aus smyN fubdy sUrj dIAW tyFIAW ikrxW pwxI 'qy pY ky lihrW iv`c A`g lw rhIAW sn[ .... aus nUM sqluj dIAW lihrW iv`c sBrwvW dy mYdwn AMdr ShId hoey srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI vrigAW dw lhU vgdw nzr Aw irhw sI[' sIql jI ny dyS-inkwLy sMbMDI bhuq hI ihrdy vydk kwiv rcnw kIqI hY pr ie`Qy aus dw AwKIrlw bMd id`qw igAw hY: ieh iKAwl AWauNdy swr qV& au~TI, ijMd ijMdW dI kIrny pw rhI sI[ rIJW mgr krlwauNdIAW jWdIAW sn, rwxI b`DI bnwrs nUM jw rhI sI[

bnwrs (vwrwnsI) sqluj dirAw dy kMFy qoN qkrIbn 700 mIl dUr hY[ mhwrwxI nUM ieqnI dUr iljw ky kYd krn dw mu`K inSwnw ieh sI ik aus nUM nw koeI irSqydwr, nw srdwr, nw vkIl, Awid iml sky[ ies qoN v`fw D`kw, byiensw&I, BYVw vrqwau Aqy zlIlqw hor kI ho skdI hY? dyS inkwlw dyx sbMDI rYzIfYNt krI ny ibAwn id`qw ik ies nwl pMjwb iv`c ik`qy vI ivroD nhIN hoieAw[ lwrf flhOzI ny AwiKAw ik ijMdW nUM bnwrs ies leI ByijAw igAw ik pMjwb iv`c Amn bhwl kIqw jw sky pr kwbl dw hwkm dosq muhMmd ilKdw hY, 'ies iv`c koeI S`k nhIN ik is`K rwxI dy dyS inkwly qoN duKI ho idno idn bVy bycYn ho rhy hn[ dlIp isMG dI mwqw nUM kYd kr id`qw igAw hY Aqy aus nwL Axmnu`KI slUk kIqw igAw hY[ ieho ijhy slUk nUM swfy mzhbW dy lok bhuq burw mMndy hn Aqy swry AmIr-grIb ies nwLoN mOq nUM bhuq cMgw smJdy hn'[ AMgryz ilKwrI AYfivn Awrnolf dy Sbd hn, 'ieh mhwrwxI nUM Awpxy bwlk pu`qr Aqy prjw qoN dUr krn au~qy is`KW ny ijqnw ros pRgt kIqw hY, aus nwloN keI guxW v`D auhnW dy idlW iv`c hY[' iesy qrHW eIvwnz bY~l dy ilKy Sbd pVHn vwly hn[ aus Anuswr, 'mhwrwxI nUM kYd krn qy dyS-inkwlw dyx bwry 50

lwrf flhOzI dw AYlwn Amn bhwl r`Kx leI nhIN sgoN aus nUM szw dy qOr 'qy sI[ myry iKAwl iv`c ieh AYlwn nw-vwjb, nw-munwsb qy by-iensw&I vwlw sI[ rwxI dw dyS-inkwlw aunHW sB lokW dIAW nzrW iv`c-ijnHW dw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI bwdSwhI nwL sMbMD sI-ie`k kOmI h`qk sI qy ieh rwxI dy puÌ&#x20AC;qr nUM q^q qoN auqwrn qy rwj nUM qbwh krn bdly pihlw kdm sI (Evans Bell, Page 19-20)[

dUjI AYNglo-is`K lVweI is`KW dI nwiekw mhwrwxI ijMd kOr nUM dyS inkwLy dI ^br sux ky bhuq QweIN bYTIAW is`K &OjW BVk au~TIAW[ auh ies nUM Awpxw kOmI Apmwn smJ ky bVy roh iv`c sn[ hux hMkwrI iPrMgI nwL do h`Q krn qoN vgYr koeI cwrw nhIN sI ikauNik ie`k qW pMjwbIAW dI mW vrgI rwxI nUM dyS-inkwlw dy ky Aqy aus dI pYnSn Gtw ky Brovwl Aihdnwmy nUM BMg kr id`qw hY; dUjw mulqwn dw hwkm dIvwn mUl rwj (pu`qr dIvwn swvx m`l) AMgryzW qoN AwkI ho igAw ikauNik aus nUM dIvwngI qoN lwh id`qw sI; qIjw srdwr cqr isMG AtwrI vwly dI lVkI mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM mMgI hoeI sI[ ies nUM hrIpur dI hwkmI qoN htw id`qw igAw qy jwgIr vI zbq kr leI; cOQw rYzIfYNt ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy ivAwh dw idn p`kw krno nWh kr id`qI[ srdwr cqr isMG ny ieh ^br Awpxy pu`qr rwjw Syr isMG AtwrI nUM mulqwn pujw id`qI[ ieM\ hjwry iv`c cqr isMG Aqy mulqwn iv`c Syr isMG ny iPrMgI ivru`D bgwvq kr id`qI[ rwjw Syr isMG ny 14 sqMbr 1848 nUM ieh AYlwn pMjwbIAW q`k phuMcwieAw: 'pMjwbIE s`c-KMf vwsI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI ivDvw mhwrwxI ijMd kOr au~qy iPrMgIAW ny iks qrHW A`iqAwcwr kIqw hY[ aus dI jo bypqI kIqI hY qy przw au~qy jo sKqIAW kIqIAW hn, auh vI iksy koloN gu`JIAW nhIN[.....mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI sMqwn Aqy isMGW au~qy ADrm, AinAW qy zulm kIqw hY ik AsIN DrmoN vI hIx ho gey hW Aqy is`K rwj dI qOhIn hoeI hY[ so hux Awpxy srbMs dI r`iKAw leI ie`k ho ky kmrksy kr lvo'[

AMgryzW dI kutlnIqI qoN qMg Aw ky 9 AkqUbr 1848 nUM mulqwn qoN &Oj smyq Syr isMG Awpxy ipqw cqr isMG vl jdoN c`ilAw qW mulqwn nUM 30 hzwr iPrMgI dI &Oj ny Gyrw pw ilAw[ keI idn jMg huMdI rhI[ ies jMg iv`c AMgryzW v`loN QwipAw nvW dIvwn kwnH isMG mwirAw igAw[ 21 jnvrI 1849 nUM iklHw Pqih hox 'qy mUl rwj pkiVAw igAw[ AMgryzW ny aus nUM szw dy ky kwLy pwxI dI jylH 'c Byj id`qw[

iclIAWvwly qy gujrwq dI jMg rwjw Syr isMG AtwrI JnW dy kMFy 'qy phuMc igAw[ bwgI is`K ispwhI ie`Qy SsqrDwrI ho iek`Ty hox lgy[ srdwr hrI isMG nlUey dw pu`qr jvwhr isMG vI ies AwzwdI dI jMg iv`c Swml ho igAw[ gdwr qyjw isMG ny ies nwl vYr Bwvnw r`Kx kr ky ies nUM pkV ky jylH dy pihrydwrW dI shwieqw nwl slwKW AMdr f`k id`qw sI[ pr ieh ikvyN nw ikvyN auQoN inkl ky gujrwvwlW phuMc igAw[ 16 nvMbr 1848 nUM lwrf gP 25 hzwr &Oj Aqy 101 qopW lY ky rwvI pwr kr igAw[ 22 nvMbr nUM rwjw Syr isMG nwL BwrI t`kr hoeI[ ies t`kr iv`c isMGW ny 300 dy krIb AMgryz ispwhI mwr id`qy Aqy bhuq swry pkV ley[ Syr isMG dI idAwlqw Aqy KulH idlI dyKo, pkVy hoey ispwhIAW nUM AMgryz CwauxI 'c Awp C`f ky AwieAw[ hwr hoeI sux jrnYl joz& 7 hzwr &Oj lY ky JnW pwr kr A`gy vD AwieAw[ sYdu`lwpur iv`c dohW dlW 'c iBAwnk jMg hoeI[ isMGW ny iPrMgIAW nUM AYsy h`Q idKwey ik BwjVW puAw id`qIAW[ bhuiqAW ny kmwd dy KyqW iv`c luk ky jwnW bcweIAW[ isMGW ny gurU swihbwn dy hukm muqwbk dOVy jWidAW 'qy hmlw nhIN kIqw[ isMGW dirAw kol rsUlpur ipMf pws fyrw lw ilAw[ ies ip`CoN 13 jnvrI 1849 nUM iclIAWvwly AsQwn 'qy isMGW qy iPOrMgI ivckwr t`kr smyN isMG AwsmwnI ibjlI dI qrHW AMgryzW 'qy tu`t ky jw pey[ FweI hzwr qoN v`D iPrMgI dI POj dy ispwhI mwry gey, ijnHW i`vc 89 A&sr sn[ isMGW ny 18 qopW Koh leIAW[ imstr bYkvl jMg iv`c isMGW dI bhwdrI drswauNdw ilKdw hY ik jy is`K AMgryzW au~qy ies qrHW dI ie`k hor ij`q pRwpq kr lYNdy qW pMjwb iv`c hI nhIN, AMgryzW nUM ihMd iv`coN vI h`Q Doxy pYNdy[ 52

19 jnvrI nUM srdwr cqr isMG vI Atk kbzy 'c kr ky Syr isMG nwl rsUlpur Aw imilAw[ dUjy pwsy lwrf gP ny hor &Oj iek`TI kr leI[ isMG ieh dyK ky gujrwq v`l vDy[ ienHW dI igxqI 30-32 hzwr sI jd ik iPrMgI pws BwrI Asly smyq 50 hzwr sYnw sI[ gujrwq ivKy 21 PrvrI nUM Gmswx dw Xu`D m`icAw[ qopW dy goilAW nwL sYink qUMbw qUMbw ho au~f rhy sn[ Awsmwn G`ty nwl Br igAw qy DrqI KUn nwL lwlo lwl ho geI[ isMGW kol brUd ^qm hox kr ky auh qygW lihrwauNdy iKsk gey[ kYptn AYbt qy jnrl iglbrt ny ienHW dw ip`Cw kIqw qy rwvlipMf kol 14 mwrc 1849 nUM isMG Gyry iv`c Aw gey[ hux qopW mUhry qyg dw kI mukwblw sI[ srdwr Syr isMG, cqr isMG Aqy bhuq swry isMG iPrMgI ny kwbU kr ley[ ibrD cqr isMG nUM pkV ky klk`qy Byj id`qw Aqy Syr isMG nUM ivlIAm Port iklHy 'c kYd kr id`qw[ bdiksmqI nwl isMG 3 jMgW ij`q cOQI Asly dy Gwt kwrn hwr gey[ ies jMg iv`c kwPI isMGW ny AMgryz A`gy hiQAwr su`t id`qy sn pr mhwrwj isMG Aqy krnl rCpwl isMG ny Awpxy hiQAwr nhIN su`ty[ hrcMd isMG bwgVI ny ies sMbMDI kwiv rcnw ieM\ kIqI hY: mhwrwj isMG 'qy 'krnl rCpwl isMG, AxKI dyKy do srdwr bylI[ iglbrt nUM CwqIAW qwx kihMdy, AsW dyxy nhIN qYnUM hiQAwr bylI[ ijauNdy jI nw dyxIAW AsIN qygW, jy lYxIAW golI mwr bylI[ hrcMd isMGw jwn qoN ipAwirAW ny ikhw, dSmyS ipqw dy AsIN srdwr bylI[

kihMdy ny jnrl iglbrt ny ienHW nUM swbwSy id`qI ik qusIN jIvn ijaux dI BIK nhIN mMgI[ ieh KuS ho ky Aqy Awaux vwly smyN 'c ienHW qoN kMm lYx leI kuJ pYsy dyx l`igAw[ pr dlyr Aqy sMqoKI isMGW ny pYsy nhIN ley[ igRPn qy mYsI 1909 nUM ilKI AwpxI pusqk dy pMnw 81 'qy ilKdy hn ik jo jOhr isMGW ny ienHW jMgW AMdr idKwey Aqy iPrMgI dI &Oj dy C`ky Cfwey brqwnIAW dy ieiqhwskwr BMbl BUsy 'c pY gey ik AwpixAW leI ilKIey qW kI ilKIey? ie`k AMgryz iesqrI 'hYrvy' 53

ijhVI pMjwb iv`c XwqRw 'qy sI ilKdI hY..... 'on the occasion of our recent memorable defeat at Chillianwalla, the prestige of our usually victorious army experienced a humilating failure. (Hervey, 1853 (1) 422-23) Bwv swfI Awm qOr qy jyqU &Oj nUM iclIAWvwlw ivKy XwdgwrI Aqy Apmwnjnk hwr dw mUMh vyKxw ipAw[

is`K rwj dy drbwr 'qy iPrMgI JMfw 28 mwrc 1849 nUM ielIAt, flhOzI dw AYlwn lY ky lwhOr phuMicAw[ ies ny kONsl dy mYNbrW nUM gvrnr jnrl v`loN ByjIAW SrqW 'qy dsq^q krn leI AwiKAw[ frwbw ieh id`qw ik jykr ieh SrqW prvwn nhIN kroNgy qW quhwfIAW jwgIrW ^qm ho jwxgIAW[ 29 mwrc 1849 nUM mhwrwjw dlIp isMG, AwKrI vwr Awpxy ipqw dI SwhI kursI 'qy bYTw[ ie`k pwsy iPrMgI bYTy sn[ ielIAt ny flhOzI dw AYlwn piVHAw, ijs dy Sbd sn: 'AiqAwcwr qy bdAmnI nUM bMd krn leI pMjwb iv`c AMgryzI rwj kwiem kIqw jWdw hY[ ......gvrnr jnrl nUM APsos hY ik mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy vwrs srdwr dlIp isMG nUM, jdoN ik Ajy auh bwlk hI hY, mzbUrn q^qoN lwihAw jw irhw hY[

flhOzI v`loN iqAwr kIqIAW SrqW 1)

mhwrwjw dlIp isMG Kud Awpxy , Awpxy vwrsW qy Awpxy jwn nSInW v`loN pMjwb rwj dy swry h`k iqAwgdw hY[

ipCly krzy qy jMgI qwvwn bdly lwhOr drbwr dI hr qrHW dI jwiedwd AMgRyz srkwr jbq kr lvygI[

mhwrwjw koihnUr hIrw ieMglYNf dI mlkw nUM Arpx kr dyvygw[

mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM jo pYnSn id`qI jwvygI auh 4 l`K qy 5 l`K qoN v`D nhIN hovygI[ ieh pYnSn aus nUM aumr Br imldI rhygI jy auh AMgRyzW dw qwibAwdwr rhygw[

is`KW dy vYrI, cauDr dy Bu`Ky Aqy AMgryzW dy cwplUs qyjw isMG ny auprokq SrqW vwLy kwgz ijauN hI mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy h`QW 'c 54

pkVwey aus ny qyzI nwL Awpxy dsq^q kr id`qy[ BwvyN dIvwn dInw nwQ ny AMgryz srkwr nUM Aijhw nw krn leI dlIl id`qI pr ieh AxsuxI kr id`qI[ ienHW SrqW au~qy flhOzI, ielIAt, lwrMs, mhwrwjw dlIp isMG , dInw nwQ, inDwn isMG, PkIr nUr`dIn qy lwl isMG kwilAW vwly dy jdoN dsq^q ho gey qW ausy vKq lwhOr ik`lyH qoN ^wlseI inSwn auqwr ky AMgRyzI JMfw Julw id`qw igAw[ ies qrHW is`K rwj dIAW sPW lpytIAW geIAW[ mhwrwjw dlIp isMG v`lNo sMDI dIAW SrqW 'qy qyzI nwl dsq^q krn dw kwrn ieh ho skdw hY ik bwlk hox dy nwqy rwjw qyjw isMG v`loN aus nUM mW mhwrwxI nwL imlwaux dw lwlc id`qw igAw hovygw[ eIvYnz bY~l ilKdw hY , "AsIN jwxdy hW ik aus dy slwhkwrW nUM DmkI id`qI geI sI ik SrqW nw pRvwn krn 'qy auhnW nUM Aqy Swhjwdy nUM dyS inkwly dw hukm id`qw jwvygw[ mhwrwjy ny ijs PurqI, ijs kwhlI qy bycYnI nwL kwgzW nUM PiVAw qy dsq^q kIqy, eynw kihxW hI kw&I hY, ik auh 11 swl dw b`cw nwbwlg sI qy eyho jyhy mwmilAW iv`c AwpxI rwey pRgt krn dy kwbl nhIN sI"[ cwlbwz, DoKybwz Aqy kmIny flhOzI ny ie`k nwbwlg mhwrwjy nUM, ijs nUM Awpxw bytw kih ky cMgI is`iKAw Aqy suc`jI iv`idAw dyx leI pihlW mW ijMd kOr qoN A`f kIqw Aqy iPr q^q qoN lwh ky q^qy qy bYTw id`qw[ ies dI kIqI ieh GtIAw kwrguzwrI bwry ies dy Awpxy ilKwrIAW dy ibAwn pVHn vwly hn: myjr AYfvrfz dw ibAwn sI, 'Axjwx lok byS`k swnUM byksUr mMn lYx pr prmwqmw Aqy swfI zmIr AYsw kdy vI nhIN mMnygI[' myjr eIvYnz bY~l ilKdw hY, 'flhOzI dw pMjwb au~qy kbzw jwbrwnw ivSvwsGwq sI, aus ny Aihdnwmy qoVy qy ie`k piv`qr Brosy dI kuvrqoN kIqI....AinAW qy bysmJI nwL ieh kbzw kr ky swfI srh`d kmzor kr id`qI, swfI &OjI qwkq iKlwr id`qI qy hkUmq au~qy boJ l`d id`qw[ myrw iKAwl hY, Awaux vwLI nsl qy qwrIK ies kwrvweI leI myry iKAwlW bwry hwmI BrygI'[

jOhn luflo dy ivcwr Anuswr, "dlIp isMG b`cw sI, aus dI nwbwlgI 1854 iv`c ^qm hoxI sI[ AsIN mulk iv`c Awpxy AwKrI dwKly vyly (18 nvMbr 1848 nUM) AYlwn kIqw sI ik AsIN blveIAW (dMgw PswdIAW) nUM szw dyx Aqy rwj dy hiQAwrbMd ivroDIAW nUM dbwaux leI Awey hW[ AsIN ies pRx dI pwlxw Cy mhIinAW iv`c swrw mulk jbq kr ky kIqI.....[ pr dlIp isMG nUM ie`k vwrI prvwx kr ky Aqy eys dI rwKI dI juMmyvwrI lY ky aus nUM ksUrvwr Tihrwky szw dyxw ie`k mKOl sI'[ jOn silvwn ilKdw hY, 'ieiqhws AMdr Swied ieh pihlI imswl hY jdoN iksy rKvwly (Guardian) ny AwpxIAW BYVIAW krqUqW Awpxy pwlqU (Ward) dy isr mVHIAW hox'[ PYslw swfy ivru`D zrUr hovygw ik, pUrb dy mwmilAW iv`c ies (AMgRyz) kOMm dI koeI zmIr nhIN hY ('pMjwb au~qy AMgryzW dw kbzw' vwLI gMfw isMG v`loN ilKI ikqwb dy pMnw 220-21 'qy ieh Sbd drz hn)[ AMgRyzI 'c Cpy ilMk (Link) AKbwr iv`c 30 ApRYl 2016 nUM fwktr svrwj isMG ny Awpxy lyK 'Kohinoor : A Gift to the British or Imperialist Loot? (koihnUr : brqwnIAW nUM ie`k qohPw jW swmrwjI lu`t) iv`c AMikq kIqw hY ik flhOzI v`loN kIqI 1849 vwlI sMDI gYr kwnUMnI hY ikauNik ie`k nwbwlg dlIp isMG mhwrwjw 'qy JUTy doS mVH ky kIqI geI sI[ ies leI pMjwb 'qy glq FMg Apxw ky kIqw kbzw cuxOqI Xog hY[ ....flhOjI ieMglYNf dI mhwrwxI nUM ByNt krn leI koihnUr hIrw hI lu`t ky nhIN lY igAw sgoN aus ny SwhI ^jwny dIAW Axigxq v`fmulIAW vsqW Awpxy kbzy kr leIAW, jo sB gYr kwnUn M I sI[ hor qW hor mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dIAW v`fmulIAW vsqW sxy sunihrI kursI ijs au~pr bYT auh drbwr lgwauNdw sI lùt pùt ky lY gey[ ie`k igAwrW swl dy b`cy 'qy ieh JUTy doS lwey ik ies ny brqwnIAW ivrùD ivdrohIAW nUM aukswieAw[ ijs kwrn dUjI AYNglo is`K lVweI hoeI[ kuJ smyN bwAd dlIp isMG nUM ieMglYNf iljw ky ie`k nklI ijhw frwmw rc ky dlIp isMG kueIn ivktorIAw nUM koihnUr hIrw qohPy vjoN idMdw idKw id`qw'[ ipAwrw isMG pdm vI ilKdy hn ik kI inAW dI idRStI qoN iksy qrHW vI ieh kbzw jwiez sI? 56

mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM pMjwb 'coN k`Fxw ie`k sYr dy bhwny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG Aqy mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy puÌ&#x20AC;qr iSvdyv isMG nUM jnm BUmI (pMjwb) 'coN iljw ky PqyH gVH (au~qr pRdyS) phuMcw id`qw[ ieh 21 dsMbr 1849 ie`k ABwgw idn sI ijs idn mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ny lwhOr CìfAw Aqy muV swrI aumr pMjwb dI DrqI 'qy pYr nw pw sikAw[ PqHy gVH iklHy iv`c phuMcw ky aus nUM AMgryzI pVHweI, Awpxy dyS, vys Aqy rihxI bihxI dI isìKAw id`qI geI[ iPrMgI dw ieh kdm mhwrwjy nUM is`KI qoN dUr kr ky eIsweI bnwaux leI puìtAw igAw[ dsMbr 1851 iv`c flhOzI Awp Aw ky dlIp isMG nUM imilAw[ ies dy ieSwry 'qy dlIp isMG dy kys k`t ky 8 mwrc 1953 nUM bpiqsmw (Baptism) dy ky eIsweI bxw id`qw[ kuJ smW ip`CoN flhozI ny ies KuSI iv`c sunihrI ijld vwLI AMjIl (Bible) ByjI[ qkrIbn ie`k swl dI isìKAw ip`CoN 19 ApRYl 1854 nUM 17 swl dI aumr iv`c dlIp isMG nUM klk`qy iljw ky ieMglYNf leI rvwnw kr id`qw[ sohx isMG sIql ies sbMDI bVy gMBIr Sbd aucwrdy hn: cìlAw dlIp isMG jW, C`f ky ies dyS nUM[ s`DrW kurlweIAW q`k ky, mwqmI vys nUM[ bwdSwh kYdI bx ky, quirAw prdys nUM[

bnwrs jylH AMdr mhwrwxI dI qlwSI lYxw dUjy pwsy jylH AMdr mhwrwxI s^q pihry hyT sI[ aus ny mYkgyRgr (Regent) nUM bynqI kIqI ik mYnUM myry vkIl jIvn isMG nwL imlwau pr srkwr ny imlx dI AwigAw nhIN id`qI[ jIvn isMG ny AwpxI QW AMgRyz vkIl inaUmwrc nIXq kIqw[ ieh bnwrs AwieAw Aqy mhwrwxI nUM iml ky aus dy Krcy sMbMDI sUcI iqAwr kIqI[ iPr ies ny p`qr iv`c ieh iliKAw ik mhwrwxI ^rcy qoN kwPI qMg hY ikauNik ie`k hzwr pRqI mhInw B`qy iv`coN auh AwpxIAW golIAW nUM vI Krcw idMdI hY[ ieh p`qr mYkgRygr nUM inaUmwrc ny id`qw jo aus ny 23 AkqUbr 1848 nUM gvrnr jnrl pws Byj id`qw[ gvrnr jnrl ny 57

5 Aqy 11 nvMbr dy p`qrW iv`c au~qr ByijAw, mhwrwxI dy bynqI p`qr 'qy ivcwr krn dI koeI loV nhIN[ auh 1000 rupey iv`c cMgI qrHW guzwrw kr skdI hY[ mukdI g`l : hrcMd mYN Juk Juk ky kIey sYNkVy sjdy, pr Km nw hoeI aus buqy mgrUr kI grdn[

iPr inaumwrc ny klk`qy suprIm kort 'c ApIl kIqI pr au~Qy vI s&lqw nw imlI[ ies auprMq aus ny mhwrwxI nUM vlwieq ivKy kort Aw& fwierYktrz pws kys krn dI slwh id`qI Aqy ies leI 50 hzwr &Is mMgI[ pr ieqnw pYsw ijMdW ik`QoN ilAwauNdI? auh qW l`KW qoN k`KW iv`c hoeI duKI bYTI sI[ aus ro kurlw rhI Ablw dI Arz suxnI qW ie`k pwsy rhI duSmx ny jo sB qoN GtIAw kwrvweI kIqI auh ieh sI ik 14 julweI 1848 nUM mhwrwxI dy swry bsqr luhw ky do mymW (AYln qy stYnlI) ny pUrI qrHW qlwSI leI[ ie`QoN q`k ky aus dIAW golIAW nwL vI AYsw BYVw ivvhwr kIqw igAw[ ieiqhwsk ilKqW Anuswr 50 l`K dy gihxy Aqy do l`K nkd Koh ilAw[ AYsw Srmnwk idRS dyK pMjwb dI SyrnI mhwrwxI Put Put ky roeI[ iksy sMswr qoN ivdw ho cu`ky mhwrwjy dI mhwrwxI nUM AlP nMigAW kr ky qlwSI lYx dI kwrvweI jo byiezqI BrI Aqy AsulK`xI sI qoN hor GtIAw Aqy h`qk BrI g`l hor kI ho skdI hY? Aijhy hwlwqW iv`c v`fy v`fy jvW mrdW dw isdk, sihj Aqy sbr vI fol jWdw hY[ auh AMgryz kOm ijhVI Awpxy Awp nUM bVI s`iBAk, s`cIs`ucI Aqy AnuSwsk khwauNdI hY, dunIAW dI sB qoN inrdeI, zwlm, D`kV Aqy jWglI ho inbVI (ikrpwl isMG bfUg M r)[ hwlW ik mYkgRg y r ilKdw hY ik ijMdW dIAW 33 ic`TIAW 'coN ie`k ic`TI iv`c vI AMgryz ivru`D iksy qrHW dI swijS dI bU nhIN sI AwauNdI[ kwdrXwr burI soc, BYVy Aqy BirSt bMdy dIAW inSwnIAW ieM\ ibAwn krdw hY: fwl-fMgxoN s`p nhIN mUl jWdw, BwvyN l`p iv`c du`D iplw mIAW[ burw bwj burweI QIN nw Awvy, l`K Blw ies nwl kmw mIAW[ pUCl ku`qy dI kdy nw hovy is`DI, bwrW brs nVI iv`c pw mIAW[ kwdrXwr prnIq 'qy imly bdlw, BwvyN lvy koeI l`K vwr Azmw mIAW[

ijMdW cunwr iklHy 'c bMd flhOzI ny mYkgyRgr nUM iliKAw, rwxI nUM vwps ilAwaux dI qWG vwly is`KW dy bhwny sB ivArQ hn[.... pMjwb iv`c kyvl auho (mhwrwxI) hI mrdW vwlI smJ rKdI hY[ inscy jwxo ik hux ip`Cy h`tx jW kuJ vwps dyx, jW A`K Jmkx dw vylw nhIN[ so mhwrwxI 'qy JUTy doS lw ky ik ieh bgwvq dI A`g BVkw rhI hY bnwrs iklHy qoN 14 mIl dUrI 'qy iljw ky iPr ijlHw imrzwpur (XU.pI.) dy pRis`D iklHy cunwr iv`c bMd kr id`qI[ ieh iklHw bnwrs dy d`Kx v`l hY[ bI.jy. hsrq dy kQn Anuswr mhwrwxI dI ie`k golI bnwrs iklHy 'coN Prwr ho geI sI[ ies leI iPrMgI ny ies iklHy nUM AsurìKAq smJdy hoey ijMdW nUM ie`QoN iljw ky 6 ApRYl 1849 nUM gvrnr jnrl flhOzI dy hukm nwL cunwr iklHy 'c kYd kr id`qw[ aus smyN aus pws nw koeI gihxw, nw jvwhrwq Aqy nw hI Dn sI[ aus dI hr hrkq 'qy s^q nzr r`KI jw rhI sI[pihlIAW golIAW bdl ky nvIAW r`KIAW geIAW qW ik auh iksy nwL koeI gMF-qu`p nw kr lvy[mKmlI syj 'qy sOx vwLI Aqy suqMqr rUp iv`c ivcrn vwLI ijMdW A`j kMifAW dI syj Aqy jylH dIAW slwKW AMdr sON ky Aiq duKW BirAw jIvn bqIq kr rhI sI[ cunwr dw ieh iklHw gMgw dy q`t 'qy lwl p`Qr nwl auswirAw hoieAw 1029 ey. fI. nUM swhwidau ny bxvwieAw sI[ ies iklHy dI DrqI qoN aucweI qkrIbn 104 Pu`t hY Aqy 52 QMmW vwlw hY, ArQwq v`fy Awkwr vwlw hY[ pihlW pihl ieh mugl bwdSwhW -bwbr, hmWXU, Akbr Awid dy kbzy iv`c sI[ sMn 1772 iv`c eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI ny Awpxy AiDkwr KyqR 'c ilAw ik ieQy Aslw Aqy bwrUd dw BMfwr rìKAw[ iPr kuJ smW bnwrs dy mhwrwjw cyq isMG dy ADIn irhw[ pr 1781 iv`c vwrn hysitMgz (Warrn Hastings) ny cunwr nUM Awpxy ADIn kr ilAw Aqy sYinkW dI CwauxI bxw id`qI[ auprMq 1815 qoN v`Ko v`K sUibAW dy kYdI r`Kxy SurU kr id`qy[ ieM\ ies iklHy nUM bhuq hI surìKAq jwx ky mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM 6 ApRYl 1849 nUM ieQy kYd kr id`qw[

mhwrwxI dw cunwr 'coN inklxw prmwqmw dy Bwxy bwry iksy nUM koeI ielm nhIN huMdw[ bMdy nUM su`K Aqy du`K aus dy Bwxy AMdr hI ivAwpdy hn[ qkVw qW sKqweI vrq ky doSI nUM AwpxI jMjIr 'c AYsw jkVdw hY ik auh Prwr nw ho sky[ pr jo pRBU nUM iDAwauNdw hY Aqy aus nwL pRIq joVI rKdw hY duSmx aus dw kuJ ivgwV nhIN skdw[ mhwrwxI dw is`KW dy Gr jnm hox kr ky auh gurbwxI Awsry pRBU nwl juVI hoeI sI[ ieiqhwsk q`Q drswauNdy hn ik mhwrwxI dI mMg 'qy mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI iv`coN sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dw aucwrn kIqw ie`k Sbd Aqy sRI gurU Arjn dyv jI dy do Sbd aus dI Ardws vwLI ikqwb (Prayer Book) iv`c drj krvwey sn[ auh iqMn Sbd Ardws krn qoN pihlW hr roz aucwrn krdI sI[ aus dI ieh Prayer Book brqwnIAW dI lwiebRyrI iv`c mOjUd hY[ ies au~pr gurU nwnk dyv jI, BweI mrdwnw jI Aqy BweI bwlw jI dw icqR aukirAw hoieAw hY[ Bwv mhwrwxI dw gurbwxI 'qy pUrn Brosw sI[ Brosw (Faith) ienswn AMdr v`fI qwkq pYdw kr idMdw hY, aus dw hOslw vDw ky ij`q idvw idMdw hY[ gurU dI ikRpw hox nwl bMdw hnyry 'coN inkl ky cwnx iv`c cilAw jWdw hY[ bweIbl iv`c vI ieh Sbd drz hn: Faith is a leap into the light, It provides holy spirit but holy spirt does not work until the word of God has been spoken. Bwv Brosw cwnx vl iljwx vwLI aulWG hY[ ieh Awqmk joS pYdw krdw hY pr AYsw joS r`bI nwm lYx qoN vgYr pYdw nhIN huMdw[ gurU jog nwL mn rUpI joq jg pYNdI hY Aqy sm`isAw 'coN inklx leI jugq jnm lYNdI hY[ AYsI gurU dI ikRpw hI mhwrwxI 'qy hoeI hovygI[ ieh ie`k AcMBy vwLI g`l sI ik cunwr iklHy iv`c kYd krn smyN qoN 12 idn bwAd (18 ApRYl 1849 nUM) mhwrwxI ijMdW auQoN ckmw dy ky inkl geI[ ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdw hY, "auh pMjwb dI j`tI, Syir-ey-pMjwb dI mihbUbw qy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dI mwqw, golI dw Bys bxw isr au~qy gwgr r`K iklHy iv`coN n`s geI[' srdwr sohx isMG sIql lyfI lwgn v`loN ilKI ikqwb dy pMnw 119 dw hvwlw dy ky ilKdy 60

hn ik ijMdW 18 ApRYl 1849 dI A`DI rwq audwsI sMqxI dw BgvW vys Dwrn kr ky ikilHauN bwhr inklI[ pihry vwLy ny pu`iCAw, qUM kOx hY? qW ijMdW ny A`goN au~qr id`qw, "mYN jMgl iv`c rihx vwLI ie`k audwsI sMqwxI hW[ mhwrwxI ny Drm aupdyS lYx vwsqy mYnUM s`idAw sI[ aus nUM aupdyS dy ky ijs qrHW corI corI rwq nUM AweI sW, ausy qrHW corIcorI bwhr jw rhI hW[" pihrydwr fr nwL kMb au~iTAw[ auh socdw, 'jy hkUmq nUM pqw l`g igAw, ik koeI bwhroN mhwrwxI nUM imlx AwauNdw hY qW pqw nhIN kI szw imly[ so cMgw hY ik ijvyN ieh corI corI AweI hY, ausy qrHW clI jwey, qy iksy dUsry nUM pqw nw l`gy[ so aus ny muV ky nw Awaux dI qwVnw kr ijMdW nUM bwhr clI jwx id`qw[ pihrydwr dw fr mhwrwxI dI irhweI dw vsIlw bixAw[ ieh qW mhwrwxI hI jwxdI sI ik auh iks hwlq iv`c Aqy ikhVI jugq Apxw ky inklI? mhW krVweI dy hwlwqW AMdr jyLH 'coN inklxW v`fy ihrdy, ijgry Aqy dlyrI vwlw kiTn kMm sI[ auh AMgryz A&sr ijhVy kwmI, hMkwrI, hrwmI, iSkwrI, SrwbI Aqy kbwbI sn dy pMjy 'coN Cu`txw cwhuMdI sI[ AwKIr gurU ny AYsw Bwxw vrqwieAw ik jylH 'coN aus dI bMd KlwsI ho geI[ gurbwxI dy vI bol hn 'bMd KlwsI Bwxy hoie]' auh mwlk, rojI dihMd Aqy jIvn dihMd bMdy nUM au~Qy phuMcw idMdw hY ijQy aus dw Kwxw-dwxw iliKAw huMdw hY[ auh pRBU qW aUc qoN nIc, nIc qoN aUc, rMk qoN rwjw, rwjy qoN rMk, AmIr qoN grIb, grIb qoN AmIr ie`k iCn mwqR smyN iv`c bxw idMdw hY[ kvISr mohx isMG rofy lMfy vwilAW ny mhwrwxI ijMdW dy jylH 'coN inklx smyN dy hwlwqW nUM kwiv-rUp iv`c ieM\ AMikq kIqw- 'rwijAW qoN BIK mMgw nI AVIey kI kIqw qkdIry? ikhVw qyrw dyS nI mMgx vwlIey?' jy. AY~s. bydI ny mulk rwj AwnMd dI ilKq dw hvwlw dy ky iliKAw hY ik mhwrwxI ny cunwr 'coN inklx qoN pihlW 4 p`qrIAW ilKIAW jo aus dI idRVqw dI inSwnI pRgtwauNdIAW hn[ ienHW p`qrIAW 'qy srkwr nUM vMgwr pweI ik mYN koeI cor dI inAweIN nhIN inklI[ qusIN mYnUM ipMjry 'c bMd kr ky aus nUM ijMdry lgw id`qy[ pr quhwfy ijMdirAW Aqy Awly-duAwly iPr rhy ispwhIAW iv`c dI mYN 61

ikvyN nw ikvyN bVy Ascrz FMg nwl auQoN Awpxy Awp inklI hW Aqy iksy ny vI myrI m`dd nhIN kIqI[ jwx smyN aus ny do p`qrIAW g`dI hyT, ie`k plMG 'qy Aqy ie`k iklHy dy drvwzy kol su`tI[ auprokq Sbd mhwrwxI dy idl dI idAwlqw vI drswauNdy hn[ ieh Awm dyiKAw igAw hY ik jdoN koeI kYdI jylH 'coN dOV jwvy qW aus dI ingrwnI kr rhy sMqrIAW Aqy syvwdwrW dI Swmq Aw jWdI hY[ aunHW dy bcwA leI mhwrwxI ny sUicq kr id`qw ik mYN Awp iksy ikRSmy duAwrw inklI hW Aqy iksy ny myrI m`dd nhIN kIqI[ 19 ApRYl dI svyr jdoN jylH dy krmcwrIAW nUM pqw l`igAw ik mhwrwxI ijMd kOr rwq smyN jylH 'coN inkl geI hY qW aunHW nUM h`QW pYrW dI pY geI[ ie`ky dm ^br lwhOr Aqy klk`qy gvrnr jnrl flhOzI pws phuMc geI[ pulIs dIAW tukVIAW QW QW 'qy mhwrwxI dI Koj iv`c l`g geIAW pr auh iehnW dy h`Q nw l`gI[ pqw nhIN auh ivcwrI ik`Qy ik`Qy jw ky lukI Aqy rotI pwxI dw pRbMD vI ikvyN kIqw? ieh ielwkw vI aus leI nvW sI[ ieQoN dIAW iesqRIAW dw pihrwvw vI pMjwbxW nwloN v`Krw sI[ mhwrwxI dy idl AMdr sUrmgqI sI Aqy prK dI GVI[ie`k kvI dy idl tuMbvyN bol hn: sUrmw kdy nI sih skdw, dr qoN imlIAW hwrW nUM[ ijvyN jOhrI prKdw hIry nUM, auvyN smW prKdw XwrW nUM[

AiDAwie 4 mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM dyS inkwLw dyxw AMgryz jo Awpxy Awp nUM ie``k sìBAk kOm dy ienswn khwauNdy hn dI soc Aqy iemwn dyKo ijnHW ny is`K rwj qy pUrI qrHW kwbz ho ky pihlW mhwrwxI (dlIp isMG dI mW) nUM dyS inkwlw id`qw[auprMq 11 swl dy mhwrwjy nUM byrihmI nwL g`dIauN auqwirAw Aqy aus dI mwq BUmI 'coN kìFAw[auh flhOzI ijhVw kihMdw sI ,"AsIN mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy bwlk hox nwqy ies dI rKvwlI leI bWh PVI hY, aus nwl kYsw ivvhwr kr irhw hY"[ies dI koJI nIqI bwry imstr luflo ilKdw hY,"dlIp ie`k b`cw sI[aus dI bwlk-AvsQw 1854'c pUrI hoxI sI[ AsIN (AMgryz) aus dy rìKAk bxy hoey sW[jdoN AsIN AwKrI vwr auhdy mulk iv`c dwKl hoey, qW 18 nMvbr 1848 nUM AYlwn kIqw sI ik swfI Awmd bwgIAW nUM szw dyx vwsqy qy is`K drbwr (dlIp isMG dI srkwr) dy ivroDIAW nUM dbwaux vwsqy hI hY pr AsIN ies iekrwr nUM A`KoN proKy kr ky aus dy swry mulk nUM Cy mhIny iv`c AMgryzI rwj nwl imlw ilAw[29 mwrc 1849 nUM pMjwb qy is`K rwj dy ^qm hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw Aqy bwlk mhwrwjy nUM pYnSn dy ky aus dI swrI jwiedwd hV`p kr leI jgq pRis`D koihnUr hIrw mlkw dI Bytw vwsqy lY ilAw[dUjy SbdW iv`c AsIN mhwrwjy dI rwKI dw rwg Alwp ky swrw mulk kwbU kr ilAw["(Ludlow's British India,Vol,II page 166)

lwgn mhwrwjy dw AMg r`iKAk jlMDr qoN fwktr lwgn (Login) nUM bulw ky dlIp isMG dw AMg r`iKAk bxwieAw igAw[aus dI 1200 rupey pRqI mhInw qnKwh mukrr kIqI Aqy dlIp isMG dy mihl jo ie`k suMdr bwg iv`c siQ`q sI dy nwl lgdy mihl iv`c aus dI rhwieS kIqI geI[kuJ idnW ip`CoN dlIp isMG Aqy lwgn dy kmirAW iv`c dI kMD qoV ky drvwzw r`K id`qw igAw qW ik lwgn dlIp nUM hr vkq dyK sky[srkwr dI SYqwnI dyKo lwgn dI A`DI qnKwh (600 rupey) dlIp isMG nUM iml rhI pYnSn iv`coN dyx dw hukm kIqw[ 63

srkwrI ieSwirAW Aqy hukmW nUM mu`K r`K ky clwk lwgn nyy sB qoN pihlW mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy qoSyKwny dI qlwSI leI[ies iv`coN koihnUr hIrw qW flhOzI nUM Byj id`qw ijhVw auh 6 ApRYl 1850 nUM ie`k cMm dI pytI iv`c lko ky jo aus ny l`k nwl bMnHI hoeI sI lY ky bMbeI phuMicAw[A`gy aus ny ie`k jhwz dy kpqwn rYmzy nUM sONp ky ieh hIrw vlwieq nUM Byj id`qw[lwgn ny qoSyKwny dy AnykW hIry jvwhrwq Aqy kImqI vsqW 15 l`K rupey dIAW bwzwr iv`c nIlwm kr id`qIAW, jo mhwrwjy dlIp isMG dI mlkIAq sn[Kzwny dI lu`t ip`CoN Aglw hmlw dlIp isMG 'qy ivìdAW p`KoN kIqw[ mhwrwjw aus smyN guurmuKI Aqy &wrsI pVH Aqy ilK skdw sI[pr lwgn ny AwauNdy swr gurmuKI dI pVHweI bMd krvw id`qI Aqy AMgryzI pVHwaux leI QOms lYNbrt bwrlo (Thomas Lambort Barlow) AiDAwpk r`K id`qw[ieh dlIp nUM AwpxI mW bolI nwloN qoVn dI cwl sI qy nwl hI aus nUM gurbwxI, gurU ieiqhws qoN vWiJAW r`Kx dI g`l sI[gurbwxI dy gutky dI QW mhwrwjy nUM AMzIl pkVw id`qI[ sohx isMG sIql jI ilKdy hn, isAwixAW dw kQn hY, "isìKAw p`Qr pwV idMdI hY[" Bwv ijho ijhI isìKAw auho ijhI iviQAw jW ivcwrDwrw[lwgn ny dlIp AMdr is`KW dI kihxI, krnI, rihxI qy bihxI ivru`D zihr BrnI SurU kr id`qI[ieh aus nUM hr roz ieh sbk isKwauNdw ik is`KW dI AwpxI lVweI ny qyry rwj dw AMq kr id`qw[ienHW dI soc mwr-mrweI vwLI hY[vYr Bwvnw ienWH dy idl iv`c vsI hoeI hY[ieh qW qyrI jwn dy vI vYrI hn[ AMgryz ny qyry nwL v`fI hmdrdI idKweI hY, ies leI qYnUM cMgI pYnSn iml rhI hY[ dlIp bwlpn kr ky AxBol sI[ie`k khwvq Anuswr,'jwdU so jo isr cVH ky boly'[lwgn dI isìKAw ny mhwrwjy nUM ieqnw dihlw id`qw ik 29 ApRYl 1849 dI ie`k ic`TI iv`c aus ny lwgn nUM jo iliKAw aus dy ieh Sbd Kws sn,'is`KW 'qy mYnUM Brosw nhIN irhw[mYN qW hux sYr krn vI bwhr nhIN jWdw[' 28 nvMbr 1849 nUM flhOzI AwieAw Aqy 3 dsMbr nUM dlIp isMG nwL im`TIAW-im`TIAW g`lW kr ky vwps kl`kqy cilAw igAw[klk`qy phuMc ky ies kwier, buzidl Aqy frpok ny 11 dsMbr 64

nUM ie`k p`qr rwhIN sUicq kIqw,' ieh pihlW &Yslw ho cu`kw hY ik is`K rwj Kohy jwx ip`CoN dlIp isMG pMjwb iv`c nhIN rih skdw[..... PqHygV (XU.pI) iv`c mhwrwjy vwsqy Gr iqAwr hY[aus nUM lY jwx leI &Oj iqAwr hY[ie`k &OjI dsqw aus dI srIrk r`iKAw leI lwhOr Awvygw Aqy mlkw dI ATHwrvIN rjmYNt dIAW do kMpnIAW pihlW hI au~Qy hn[prDwn sYnwpqI nUM vI ikhw igAw hY ik ies &Oj dI m`dd leI ie`k rjmYNt hor dyvy [rsqy iv`c mhwrwjy dy kw&ly dI ingrwnI leI Aqy Tihr smyN rhwieS Aqy Kwxy dwxy dw pRbMD lwgn krygw[ gvrnr jnrl ny kyvl mhwrwjy nUM hI nhIN sgoN Syir-ey-pMjwb dy bc gey jIAW iSvdyv isMG pu`qr mhwrwjw Syr isMG Aqy mhwrwjw Syr iSMG dI rwxI nUM vI mhwrwjy dy nwl qorn dw hukm id`qw[ieM\ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw swrw prvwr pMjwb 'co aujwVn dw AwdyS id`qw[ gvrnr jnrl dy sk`qr ny lwgn nUM ieh vI icqwvnI id`qI ik mhwrwjy dy mihl dw koeI vI S`kI bMdw nwl nhIN jwxw cwhIdw[ hor hdwieqW jo lwgn nUM id`qIAW auh sn,'mhwrwjy nUM PqHygVH iljwx sMbMDI Xojnw nUM gupq r`Kxw[ies dI iBxk bwhr nhIN jwxI cwhIdI Aqy nw hI mhwrwjy nUM Aqy aus dy nwL jwx vwilAW nUM d`sxw ik quhwnUM ik`Qy iljwieAw jw irhw hY[ quhwfy nwl jwx vwLy su`riKAk sYink pUrI qrWH sqRk rihx ik mhwrwjy nUM rwq smNy koeI auTw ky nw lY jwey[jykr koeI D`ky nwL iljwx dI koiSS kry qW mukwbly leI iqAwr -br-iqAwr rihx[ lwgn nUM bVy s^q SbdW 'c sucyq kIqw ik 21dsMbr 1849 nUM svyry s`q vjy zrUr c`l pYxw[ gorI srkwr is`KW dI qwkq qoN frdI sI[auh jwxdI sI ik jykr dlIp isMG nUM pMjwboN bwhr lY jwx dI kwrvweI &ylH ho geI qW Kqrnwk hwlwq pYdw ho jwxgy[srkwr is`KW dy AxKIly, isrVI Aqy jMgjU suBwA qoN pUrI qrWH vwik& sI[auh bhuq hI soc ivcwr ky hr kdm puÌ&#x20AC;t rhI sI[aus nUM ies g`l dw igAwn sI ik is`KW nwl lVweI mu`l lYxI nwgW nUM h`Q pwaux dy qu`l hY, su`qy SyrW nUM jgwaux dI qrWH qy lwVI mOq nUM ivAwhux vWg hY[

PqHygVH vl cwlw klk`qy qoN p`qr iv`c ilKIAW hdwieqW muqwbk lwgn ny 21 dsMbr 1849 nUM lwhOr qoN qurn leI pUrI iqAwrI mukm M l kr leI[BwvyN c`lx leI svyr dy 7 vjy dw smW mukrr kIqw igAw sI pr srdI dw mOsm hox kwrn svyry auTxo lyt ho gey ijs kr ky 9 vjy c`ly[ieh idn mhwrwjy dy jIvn iv`c A`q dw kwlw sI ikauNik auh i&r AwpxI mwq BUmI 'qy pYr nw pw sikAw[ ieh kwrvW cwr GoiVAW vwlI b`GI 'qy bYT 20 ku ispwhIAW dI ingrwnI hyT &Irozpur v`l nUM sYr bhwny vwho dwhI jw irhw sI[ jdoN pMjwb srkwr dy pRDwn hYnrI lwrMs nUM pqw cìlAw ik lwgn mhwrwjy nUM kyvl 20 Ssqr DwrI ispwhIAW nwl lY ky lwhOr qoN 9 vjy cìlAw hY qW aus ny rIjYNt nUM kw&I JwV pweI[aus ny lwgn nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik qUM aus DrqI iv`c dI mhwrwjy nUM iljw irhw hYN ijs dy bMdy sIs qlI 'qy r`KI i&rdy hn[ qYnMU Awpxy nwL ie`k A&sr dI kmWf hyT G`to G`t 100 ispwhI r`Kxy cwhIdy sn[ hux ies g`l dw iKAwl r`KIN ik rsqy iv`c Awm lookW nUM mhwrwjy nUM imlx jW svwgq krn dI AwigAw nhIN dyxI[ hYnrI lwrMs ny 23 qRIk nUM swry ijlwH kimSnrW v`l hdwieqW Byj id`qIAW ik quhwfy sYink A`Dy rwh q`k mhwrwjy dy kw&ly dI ih&wzq leI jwx Aqy A`goN dUjy ijlyH dy sYink lY ky jwx[rwq smyN ij`Qy Tihrnw hY au`Qy dUhry pihry lwey jwx[mhwrwjy dy Tihrn vwly kmry 'c rwq smyN cwnx rìKAw jwvy[aus kmry dy igrd AMgryz ispwhI hI pihrw dyx[ dMsbr dy AKIr ieh 'b`sIAW koTI' nzdIk rweykot (luiDAxw) phuMcy[ieh iemwrq (koTI) 200 swl qoN vI v`D purwxI bxI hoeI hY[brqwnIAW srkwr smyN ieh &OjI BrqI dw kyNdr sI Aqy kuJ A&srW dI irhwieS vI ie`Qy sI[ie`k jwxkwrI muqwbk 1 jnvrI 1850 nUM nvyN swl dy zsn ies koTI iv`c mnwey gey[dyS dI AwzwdI dy Gol smyN kUkw lihr dy kuJ bMdy vI ieQy &WsI ltkwey gey[dyS Awzwd hox ip`CoN ieh koTI pMjwb dy isMcweI ivBwg dw mu`K d&qr vI rhI [ ies koTI iv~c 1984 dy dOrwn sI.Awr.pI.AYP. Aqy pMjwb

pulIs ny vI Awpxw A`fw bxw ky is`K nOjvwnW 'qy bVy qS`dd Fwhy[mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM PqHg y VH (XU.pI.) iljwx smyN ieQy Tihrwaux kr ky Aqy is`K kOm dI ieiqhwsk jgwH nUM mu`K r`K ky pMjwb srkwr ny ies ^sqw hoeI iemwrq nUM sohxy FMg nwL murMmq krvw ky bhuq hI ivDI pUrvk ivaNuq nwl 'mhwrjw dlIp isMG Xwdgwr' 2015 iv`c bxvweI hY[ies koTI iv`c mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy is`K rwj, mhwrwxI ijMdW dy du`KW Bry jIvn Aqy mhwrwjw dlIp isMG sMbMDI lwhOr, ieMglYNf, &rWs Awid qoN purwqn icqRkwrI hwsl kr ky aunWH nUM buhq hI Swndwr FMg nwL ic`qrq kIqw igAw hY[ies qoN ielwvw kuJ vsqW jo pRwpq hoeIAW, Syir-ey-pMjwb dI sunihrI kursI dw nmUnw (Asl kursI qW ieMglYNf ivKy hY) vI bxvw ky rìKAw hY[ b`sIAW koTI qoN qur ky ieh AMbwly phuMcy[ie`Qy Tihr dOrwn p`CmI sìBAqw dI pwx cwVHn leI mhwrwjy nUM ArD nMgIAW gorIAW dw nwc idKwieAw igAw[ ijvyN ic`ty k`pVy 'qy rMg vDIAw cVHdw hY iesy qrHW bcpn iv`c b`cy nUM id`qI isìKAw aus dy idmwg AMdr sihjy hI bYT jWdI hY ikauNik aus dw mn du`D vwNg ic`tw huMdw hY[ ieh sB kuJ dlIp nUM KuS r`Kx leI vI kIqw jw irhw sI ikauNik auh keI vwr mW ijMdW nUM Xwd kr kr byvsw, byv&w, byrsw Aqy ibhbl ho jwNdw sI[ AMbwly qoN c`l ky shwrnpur iv`c dI huMdy hoey rsqy 'c TihrW krdy 29 jnvrI 1850 nUM jmnw pwr kr AwKIr 17 &rvrI nUM PqHygVH iklyH iv`c phuMc gey[ieh iklwH gMgw dy iknwry bixAw hoieAw hY[ies iklyH dy dohIN pwsI &OjI cONkIAW sn[iklyH dy nyVy hI dlIp isMG nUM r`Kx leI nvW Gr iqAwr krvwieAw igAw sI[ ies Gr dy AwLyduAwLy idn rwq ispwhI pihrw idMdy sn[ BwvyN mhwrwjy dy sYr-spwty leI cwr GoiVAW vwLI b`GI, suMdr ArbI GoVy, AMgryz A&sr, 56 hwQI Aqy nvyN nOkr r`Ky hoey sn pr shI l&zW 'c mhwrwjw kYdI sI[ mhwrwjw Syr isMG dI rwxI Aqy iSvdyv isMG nUM nyVy hI ie`k hor Gr 'c TihrwieAw igAw[ ie`Qy hI rwxI dw Brw mIAW auq`m isMG

rihMdw sI[ dlIp isMG Aqy iSvdyv (cwcw BqIjw) idn smyN iek`Ty KyfHdy sn[ pr rwq smyN iSvdyv rwxI nwL sONdw sI[ rwxI bVI suMdr, smJdwr Aqy swhsI sI[ auh keI vwr mhwrwjy leI bVy pRym nwL Kwxw iqAwr krdI sI Aqy iSvdyv Aqy dlIp isMG nUM koL ibTw ky BwrI rIJ nwL Kwxw KuAwauNdI sI pr ies leI vI lwgn qoN iezwzq lYxI pYNdI sI[ PqHygVH rihMidAW mhwrwjy nUM 10 hzwr pRqI mhInw pYnSn imldI sI[ ies pYnSn nwL lwgn, hor AMgryz A&srW Aqy nOkrW cwkrW ny bVIAW AYSW kIqIAW[ lwgn kdy rwjy dy jnm idn dw Aqy kdy iksy iqauhwr dw bhwnw bxw ky pwrtIAW r`K lYNdw sI ijnHW iv`c mu`K A&srW nUM dwAvq dy s`dy Byjdw sI[ 19 meI 1850 nUM ie`k ic`TI jo lwgn ny AwpxI pqnI nUM ilKI iv`c ilKdw hY, "qUM s`c jwxI, mYN mhwrwjy dy ^rc au~qy mn-mrzI dIAW mOjW mwx skdw hW, ijvyN auh sB kuJ myrw Awpxw hI hY"[ dlIp isMG nUM gurU nwnk dI is`KI qoN dUr r`Kx leI is`K rwj dy ^wqmy dI g`l aus dy mn 'coN k`Fx leI Aqy mW ijMdW dI Xwd Bulwaux leI lwgn ny ies dw ivAwh krn sMbMDI flhOzI nUM 16 julweI 1850 dy p`qr iv`c suJwA id`qw[ aunHW idnW 'c bìcAW dw ivAwh CotI aumr (12-15 swl) iv`c hI kr id`qw jWdw sI[ ies ny iliKAw ik mhwrwjw BwvyN cyq isMG dI lVkI nwL mMigAw hoieAw hY pr hux aus nwl ivAwh nhIN krwauxw cwhuMdw[ Asl iv`c aus dI lVkI nwL ivAwh nw krwaux dI pVHq vI dlIp isMG nUM lwgn ny hI pVHweI sI[ lwgn ny iliKAw , "mYN cwhuMdw hW ik rwjw kurg (jo eIsweI bx cu`kw hY) dI lVkI, Aj klH bnwrs AweI hoeI hY qy ijs nUM AMgryz bìcAW vWg pwilAw igAw hY, aus nUM rwjw au~c ivìdAw vwsqy vlwieq Byjx nUM iqAwr hY, dlIp isMG aus nUM AwpxI rwxI bnwaux leI cux lvy[ ieh lVkI 8 swl dI bVI suSIl Aqy suMdr hY"[ flhOzI ny lwgn nUM aus dy p`qr dw au~qr ienHW SbdW 'c id`qw, "myry iKAwl iv`c mhwrwjy vwsqy quhwfy swry ivcwr bVy ivauNq Bry

hn[ pr Awaux vwlw jIvn aus dw bhuqI Swn vwlw nhIN hovygw[ ijqnW qusIN socdy hoN...... mhwrwjy dw ivAwh dw pRbMD krnw swfy vwsqy AOKw hovygw[ mYN kdy nhIN cwhuMdw ik mhwrwjy Aqy is`KW iv`c koeI irSqw hovy[.... jykr auh cwhy qW kurg dIAW lVkIAW iv`coN ivAwh vwsqy cux lvy, qW mYN nWh nhIN krWgw[ " flhOzI mhwrwjy dy ivAwh dy pRbMD dI AOiKAweI bwry ilKdw hY, ihMdosqwn AMdr is`K mhwrwjy dw ivAwh ie`k eIsweI kuVI nwL hoxw nhIN jrngy[ ies sMbMDI auh gdr mcw dyxgy ijs nUM kwbU krnw AOKw ho jwvygw[ dlIp isMG nUM eIsweI m`q 'c prvyS krn dIAW iqAwrIAW zor PV geIAW[ mhwrwjy dw AiDAwpk krIm b^S jo &wrsI pVHwauNdw sI aus nUM PqHygVH qoN lwhOr vwps Byj id`qw[ aus dI QW Bjn lwl jo &wrUKwbwd dw vwsI sI Aqy ijs ny ihMdU Drm nUM qlWjlI dy ky eIsweIAq kbUl kr leI sI AMgryzI pVHwaux leI r`K id`qw[ieh &wrU^wbwd AmrIkn imSn skUl 'c piVHAw sI[ mn kr ky ieh bVw clwk Aqy ûSgvwr ienswn sI[ ies nUM AwiKAw igAw ik qyrw mu`K kMm dlIp isMG nUM is`KI 'coN k`F ky eIsweI Drm 'c prvyS krn dw hY[ ijs ienswn ny cwr kOfIAW qnKwh leI Awpxw Drm iqAwg id`qw auh mhwrwjy nUM ikvyN Drm prIvrqn qoN rok skdw sI[ ies ny AMgryz dI SwbwS lYx leI dlIp isMG nUM is`KI ivru`D p`tI pVHwauxI SurU kr id`qI Aqy eIsweI Drm dy cMgw hox dw pwT pVwHauxw SurU kr id`qw[ bcpn 'c qW ividAwrQI BoLw huMdw hY[ ijho ijhw aus nUM sbk isKwieAw jWdw hY auh is`K lYNdw hY[ pVHweI qoN ielwvw dlIp nUM iKfwauxw vI AMgryz bìcAW nwl SurU kr id`qw ijhVy mony sn[ ies dy nOkr-cwkr vI sB mony hI sn[ khwvq hY ik ^rbUjy nUM dyK ^rbUjw rMg vtw lYNdw hY[ is`K dI mu`K inSwnI kys hn[ so mhwrwjy dw is`KI Bys imtwaux leI Aglw kdm aus dy kys ktvwaux dw sI[ Bjn lwl ny lwgn nUM dìsAw ik dlIp nUM Awpxy vwL aupry aupry l`gx l`g pey hn[ dyKo mhwrwjy dy rìKAk lwgn dy idl iv`c aus nUM eIsweI bnwaux leI ikqnI iKH`c sI[ ieh AwpxI pqnI nUM 6 meI 1849 nUM ^q iv`c ilKdw hY, "mhwrwjw myry koloN AMgryzI pwT is`Kx iv`c bVw 69

KuS hY[ mYN aus nUM AMjIl dw isDWq (Do unto others as you would they should do) Bwv jo qusIN krdy hoN auh dUijAW qoN krwau Aqy aunHW nUM krnw cwhIdw hY[ ie`k hor ^q jo ies ny 15 &rvrI 1850 nUM iliKAw aus iv`c AMikq kIqw, " myrI idlI ie`Cw hY, ik ies bwlk mhwrwjy Aqy sihzwdy iSvdyv isMG au~qy eIsweI m`q sMbMDI swfw cMgw pRBwv pvy qy swfI vlwieq dI rihxI Aqy AMgryz iesqrI dy ipAwr krn dw AnoKw FMg aus dy idl iv`c pYdw kIqw jwvy' (lyfI lwgn pMnw 159)[ ienHW lokW dI AYsI soc drswauNdI hY ik mhwrwjy dy kys jo is`KI AMdr gurU dI mohr hn Aqy dsqwr jo is`KI dw qwj hY, kMfy vWg cuB rhI sI[ lwgn nvMbr 1850 iv`c ie`k mhIny leI ibmwrI dI Cu`tI lY ky klk`qy cilAw igAw[ jwx l`igAW ieh dlIp nUM kYptn kYNpbY~l (Campbell) dy spurd kr igAw Aqy kih igAw ik mhwrwjy nUM p`kw eIsweI bxw dy[ kYNpbY~l lyfI lwgn dw Brw sI[ ies ny AwpxI b`ly b`ly krwaux leI mhwrwjw A`gy eIsweI Drm gRihx krn dI rt lw id`qI[ hux ieh AMgryzW 'c iGirAw 12 swl dw bwlk sI [ ieh kihx l`g igAw, "mYnUM eIsweIpuxw cMgw lgdw hY, ies leI mYN eIsweI bxnw cwhuMdw hW"[ Bwv ijho ijhI bwlk nUM m`q id`qI jWdI hY auho ijhI gq ho jWdI hY Aqy auh ausy qrHW hI jp krn lg jWdw hY[ kYNpbY~l ny 20 dsMbr nUM ic`TI iLK id`qI ik mhwrwjy ny 8 dsMbr nUM mwstr Qwms skwt (Thomas Scott) nUM d`isAw mYN eIsweI bxnw cwhuMdw hW[ pr lwgn ny au~qr iv`c iliKAw ik Ajy mhwrwjw AwpxI rihxI bihxI jW Drm iv`c koeI qbdIlI nw kry, ijs dy nwL aus dy is`K syvkW nUM koeI du`K hovy[ aus dI rwey hY ik mhwrwjy dI AjyhI soc huxy prgt krnw Ajy AgyqrI hY[ ies qoN is`D huMdw hY ik lwgn BwvyN cwhuMdw sI ik mhwrwjw CyqI qoN CyqI eIsweI bx jwvy pr auh ieh nhIN sI cwhuMdw ik ieh bwjI kYNpbY~l mwr jwvy[ flhOzI 25 dsMbr 1850 nUM PqHygVH ieh jwxn leI phuMicAw ik eIsweI bxn dw dlIp isMG dw kI ivcwr hY[ dyKo ienswn dy Asl Drm qoN dUjy Drm iv`c ilAwaux leI kYsw D`kw ho irhw hY, auh vI ie`k nwbwlg nwL[ sohx isMG sIqL jI dI ilKq Anuswr 70

flhOzI ny ie`Qy ie`k drbwr kIqw, ijs iv`c bhuq swry dysI rwjy s`dy[ mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ies drbwr iv`c Swml nhIN hoieAw, ikauNik flhOzI ies nUM swirAW qoN v`Krw r`Kxw cwhuMdw sI[ pr lgdw hY flhOzI ny ies nUM Swml hox leI nhIN AwiKAw hovygw[ auh ies nUM mhwrwjw hI nhIN sI smJdw, kyvl Awpxw kYdI smJdw sI[ jykr mhwrwjw smJdwr huMdw qW bwlg hox 'qy lwhOr dw rwj sMBwl idMdw[ flhOzI jwxdw sI ik ihMdusqwn dy dysI rwjy qW swfI eIn mMn cu`ky hn pr dlIp isMG nUM is`KW dI m`dd hox kr ky aus ny swfI eIn nhIN mMnxI[ auh PqHygVH qoN jwx lìgAw ie`k lwlc vjoN dlIp isMG nUM msUrI dI sYr krwaux leI isPwrS kr igAw[ lwgn ny dsMbr 1850 iv`c AwpxI iesqrI nUM vI PqHygVH mMgvw ilAw[ hux mhwrwjy dy idl 'qy kwbU pwauxw hor vI sOKw ho igAw[ gvrnr jnrl dy hukm muqwbk dlIp isMG nUM msUrI dI sYr leI s^q pihry hyT iljwieAw igAw[ rsqy iv`c Awgry, id`lI, myrT Awid SihrW iv`c AMgryz A&srW dy Gr TihrwieAw igAw[ ieh ies leI ik auh AMgryzW dI rihxI, bihxI, bolI, puSwk Aqy Kwxy vgYrw dw cMgI qrHW vwk& ho jwvy[ ieiqhwsk ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik jdoN mhwrwjy nUM ies dy rwKy hirduAwr ivKy hirduAwr Gwt idKwaux gey qW hwQI 'qy bYTy dlIp isMG nUM kuJ pMjwbIAW ny dyK ilAw[ auh mhwrwjy dy drSn krn leI bVy auqSwh nwl dOV ky Awey pr ispwhIAW ny aunHW nUM nyVy nhIN Fu`kx id`qw Aqy qyzI nwL hwQI dOVw ky lY gey[ msUrI phuMc ky vI Sihr qoN bwhr ie`k bMgly iv`c mhwrwjy dy invws dw pRbMD kIqw igAw[ surìKAw krmcwrI is`KW dw iek`T hox qoN frdy sn[ msUrI dI hvw bVI TMFI, qwzw Aqy mn BwauNdI sI, mOsm vI bVw ûSgvwr hox kr ky PqHygVH nwloN suhwvxw sI[ cwry pwisauN jMglI bUtIAW dIAW idlkS sug M DIAW AwauNdIAW sn Aqy Syr cIiqAW dIAW dhwVW suxweI idMdIAW sn[ nihr vwlw bMglw kw&I surìKAq sI[ dlIp Awpxy AMgryz swQIAW nwL kwsl Astyt dy dUjy isry q`k jWdI surg M iv`c GoVy 'qy svwrI krn leI Awzwd sI pr pihrydwrW dI jwxkwrI vgYr aus nUM koeI nhIN sI iml skdw[ jOhn lwgn ie`Qy 71

dlIp nUM AYqvwr vwLy idn igrjwGr pwdrI kol lY jWdw sI[ pwdrI Awrkfykn prYt 1852 iv`c msUrI AwieAw sI[ ihMdusqwn dy igrjwGrW dy pRbMD dw aus pws cMgw qzrbw sI[ jOhn lwgn ny prYt nwL g`lbwq kridAW AwiKAw ik hux qW dlIp isMG ny crc jwxw SurU kr id`qw hY[ mYN aus nUM ies sMbMDI kdy aukswieAw nhIN auh AwpxI mrzI nwL hI jwx lìgAw hY[ ieh qW r`bI nUr hY jo aus 'qy cmikAw hY[ dYvI guxw ny aus dw mwrg drSn kIqw hY[ prYt ny lwgn dI BwrI SwlwGw kIqI Aqy KuSI mnweI[ prYt bVw cqr, Dwrimk isìKAw iv`c mwhr Aqy pwk-Bwvnw vwLw ienswn sI[ ies ny lwgn nUM dìsAw ik pMjwb dw mhwrwjw Drm-dIKSw leI iqAwr hY[ PqHygVH vwpsI 'qy 1853 dy SurU iv`c lwgn ny gvrnr jnrl fLhOzI dI ie`Cw Anuswr p`qr iv`c iliKAw ik mhwrwjw Drm-dIKSw hwsl krn leI sihmq hY[ lwgn ny dlIp qoN vI flhOzI nUM p`qr ilKvwieAw ijs iv`c Sbd sn, "mYnUM eIsweI m`q dI Drm-dIKSw pRwpq krn dI ^whS bx cu`kI hY[ Aijhw mYN AwpxI mrzI nwL kr irhw hW[ prmwqmw jo mukqIdwqw hY mYnUM eIsweI jIvn jIx dy Xog bxweygw[" flhOzI ny 24 sqMbr 1852 nUM Awpxy p`qr iv`c lwgn nUM qwkId kIqI, "jy dlIp isMG vlwieq jwxw cwhuMdw hY, qW jwx qoN pihlW cu`p-cwp aus nUM bYpiqsmw (Baptism) dy ky eIsweI bxw ilAw jwvy, pr nwm dlIp isMG hI rhy[" eIsweI bnwaux dw Asl mksd ieh vI sI ik is`KW AMdr mhwrwjy leI koeI hmdrdI nw rhy[ flhOzI qoN koeI pu`Cy, kI eIsweI bx ky hI bMdw vlwieq jw skdw sI? jW vlwieq iv`c rihx vwilAW swry pRwxIAW ny kI bYpiqsmw rwhIN eIsweI Drm Dwrn kIqw hoieAw sI? flhOzI dy hukm qoN ibnw aus smyN p`qw nhIN sI JUm skdw[ mhwrwjy nUM ieh AwzwdI nhIN sI ik jo auh TIk smJy, auh kr sky, jW Awpxy mulk iv`c AwpxI SwhI Swn dy muqwbk rih sky[ gvrnr jnrl ny mhwrwjy nUM eIsweI bnwaux leI hW kr id`qI Aqy AwiKAw ik ieh rsm PqHygVH 'c kIqI jwvy[ lwgn ny ieh drswaux leI ik

dlIp dy Dwrimk AkIidAW nUM bdlx leI AsIN koeI AXog FMg nhIN vriqAw Aqy D`kw nhIN kIqw, flhOzI nUM iqMn dysI Bly purSW qy mhwrwjy dy pRohq dy ibAwn vI aus dI qs`lI leI Byjy[ ieh sn &kIr zhUr dIn, dIvwn AjuiDAw pRswd, srdwr bUV isMG 'qy pRohq gulwb rwey[ gurbwxI Anuswr ijs hI kI srkwr hY iqs hI kw sB koie]

Bwv srkwr jo cwhy AwpxI mn-mrzI dy ibAwn auh ilKw skdI hY[

mhwrwjy nUM eIsweI bxwauxw iPrMgI ny mhwrwjy nUM jnxI mW, jnm BUmI mW qy mW bolI qoN ivCoV ky iPr aus nUM ivrsy Aqy gur is`KI qoN ivCoVn dI iGnwauxI KyHf KyHfI[ pihlW dwqy v`loN bKSy gey isr dy lMmy lMmy kys ktw id`qy ijvyN ky kys ktwaux nwL hI eIsweI bixAw jw skdw hY[ ienHW AigAwnIAW ny ieh nhIN jwixAw ik ijs jIiss krweIst (eIsw msIh) qoN eIsweI m`q c`ilAw aus ny qW Awpxy kys r`Ky hoey sn[ dlIp isMG dy kys ktw ky ienHW gur is`KI 'qy BwrI s`t mwrI[ kys qW kudrqI dyx hn Aqy srIr dI suMdrqw leI pRBU ny Ajb icqRkwrI kIqI hoeI hY[ BweI nMd lwl jI goieAw jo au~c kotI dy ivdvwn, ilKwrI Aqy isrmOr kvI sn is`KI AMdr kysW dI mh`qqw bwry AMikq krdy hn: inSwin isKI eIN pMj hriP kwP[hrigz nu bwSd eIN pMj muAwP[ kVw kwrdo kCw kMGw ibdW[ ibnw kys hycM Asq eIN jumlw inSW[

Bwv is`KI pMj A`KrW (kys, kVw, ikrpwn, kMGw qy kCYihrw) 'qy inrDwrq hY[ ienHW pMj inSwnW iv`coN ie`k vI muAw& nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ kysW qoN ibnw bwkI inSwn PzUl hn[ srdwr sohx isMG jI sIql is`KI AMdr kysW dI ^wqr id`qIAW kurbwnIAW bwry kwiv rcnw ieM\ krdy hn: ijMnw kysW dy leI bzurg swfy, isr DV dIAW bwzIAW lwvMdy rhy[ kysW vwsqy hI qwrU isMG vrgy, ijauNdy KoprI isroN luhwvMdy rhy[ 73

kysW vwsqy hI cVH crKVI 'qy, kysW vwsqy bMd ktvwvMdy rhy[ kysW vwsqy icxy gey ivc kMDW, jwnW vwr ky Swn bcwvMdy rhy[ ijMnHW kysW iv`c is`KI dI jwn huMdI, auh kys dlIp ktvw id`qy[ r`bI-rwj dy au~qy inSwn sIql, kdmW gYrW dy au~qy Jukw id`qy[

dlIp isMG nUM eIsweI bnwaux dI rsm PqHygVH ivKy aus dI rhwieS vwly Gr iv`c bhuq s^q sur`iKAw hyT Aqy cu`p-cpIqy kIqI geI[ srkwr nUM fr sI ik mhwrwjy nUM bYpiqsmw (Baptism) dyx sMbMDI jykr ^br bwhr PYl geI qW BwrI rOLw-gOLw ho skdw hY[ ies leI kmry nUM swdw ijhw sjwieAw igAw[ ieiqhwskwrW muqwbk 20 ku AMgryz qy kuJ dysI nOkrW swmHxy dlIp isMG nUM 8 mwrc 1853 nUM bYpitzm dy ky eIsweI bxwieAw igAw[ aus smyN mhwrwjw 14 swl 6 mhIny 4 idn dw sI[ kihMdy ny ies kMm leI gMgw dw pwxI vriqAw igAw[ bVI hYrwnI dI g`l hY mhwrwjy dw nW AMgryzW vwLw nhIN, dlIp isMG hI r`iKAw[ bYpiqsmw dyx leI ieh rIqI ApxweI jWdI hY: 1)

kukV dI pihlI bWg ArQwq qVkswr eIsweI m`q Dwrn kr rhy pRwxIAW nUM pihlW pwxI kol KVHw ky Ardws kIqI jWdI hY[

pRwxI dy sB bsqr qy gihxy Awid pUrn qOr 'qy auqwry jWdy hn[

iPr aunHW nUM sv`C cl rhy ndI Awid dy pwxI iv`c fboieAw jWdw hY, jW goifAW q`k pwxI iv`c KVHw kIqw jWdw hY jW aus dy isr 'qy pwxI pwieAw jWdw hY[

iesqRIAW nUM bMidAW qoN ip`CoN ieh rsm krweI jWdI hY[

pwdrI r`b dI mnOq leI pRiqigAw krwauNdw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw auh inmrqw, vcn-b`Dqw Aqy cir`qr dI iemwndwrI bwry pRyrxw idMdw hY[

Bwv qusIN cMgy purS bx ky jIvn guzwrnw hY[mhwrwjy dy eIsweI bxn 'qy QOmsn, hYnrI lwrMs, PRYfirk krI, ibSp ivlsn, flhOzI Awid v`loN bVI KuSI prgt kIqI geI Aqy aus nUM vDweI p`qr Byjy 74

gey[ 12 mwrc 1853 nUM flhOzI Awpxy in`jI p`qr iv`c ilKdw hY,"ihMd dy ieiqhws iv`c ieh AxoKI qy sUhwvxI Gtnw hY[ swfy rwj iv`c AwieAW hoieAW iv`coN ieh pihlw Sihzwdw hY, ijs ny aupirAW dw Drm Dwrn kIqw hY[ (Private letters of Dalhousie p. 249) dlIp isMG dy eIsweI bxn dI KuSI iv`c imstr gweIz (Guise) nUM 5 hzwr rupeIAw mhwrwjy dI pYnSn iv`coN id`qw igAw[ tomI skwt jo mhwrwjy dy B`qy 'qy pldw sI nUM vI v`Krw B`qw mnjUr kIqw igAw[ iesy qrHW Bjn lwl nUM cMgI rkm Aqy ie`k GoVw id`qw igAw[ 'A handsome present of money and a horse were given him on leaveing (Lady Login p. 322). mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dIAW ilKqW ieM\ ibAwn kridAW hn; hux jIvn dy AwKrI smyN swry s`c jwnxw sOKw hY[ jy myry Awpxy lokW nUM iehnW goirAW ny cwlbwz AwiKAw qW mYN eIsweIAW iv`c vI bdmwS dyKy ny Aqy Swied flhOzI qoN v`fw hor koeI nhIN ijs ny mYnUM sB kwsy qoN inAwsrw krn qoN G`t kuJ nhIN soicAw[ ieh bwp vWg myrw pwlx poSx krn dw bhwnw GVdw irhw[ myrI BlweI leI aus dI sB i&krmMdI Aqy ieh drswauxw ik Drm dI cox nUM iksy ny pRBwvq nhIN kIqw, sB pwKMf sI Aqy DoKwDVI dI v`fI swijS sI[....Asl iv`c aus dI ie`Cw ieh sI ik myrI audwhrx ihMdusqwn 'c vwr vwr duhrweI jweygI qy mukwmI Sihzwdy nw kyvl ie`k ie`k kr ky Awpxy rwj-Bwg sgoN AwpxIAW AwqmwvW vI AMgryzW nUM sONp dyxgy[ r`b A`gy myrI ArzoeI hY ik auh Awpxy 'c ivSvwS krn vwly bwl nUM iksy Aijhy bdmwS dy h`Q iv`c iPr kdy nw dyvy....[

vlwieq Byjx leI iqAwrI flhOzI dI isPwrS 'qy kort Aw& fwierYktrz ieMglYNf v`loN dlIp isMG nUM vlwieq (England) Byjx dI iezwzq iml geI[ lwgn nUM flhOzI ny ieh ^br 31 jnvrI 1854 dy ^q iv`c ByjI[ lwgn ny flhOzI nUM slwh id`qI ik iSvdyv isMG nUM vI mhwrwjy dy nwL ByijAw jwvy[ mYnMU fr hY ik v`fw ho ky auh ihMds u qwn iv`c v`KrI qwkq bnwaux iv`c s&l nw ho jwvy[ BwvyN flhOzI ny pihlW qW ies bwry 75

nWh nu`kr kIqI pr ieh dlIl sux ky mMn igAw ik iSvdyv nUM vI vlwieq nwL hI ByijAw jwvy[ ies nUM auh g`l vI Xwd Aw geI ik ie`k vwr Syr isMG dI rwxI ny ikhw sI, "ikauNik dlIp isMG eIsweI bx igAw hY[ ies ip`CoN is`KW dw ie`ko ie`k shI AwgU Sihzwdw iSvdyv isMG hI hY[" ieh g`l sux ky flhOzI ny rwxI nUM s^q SbdW 'c ikhw sI ik pMjwb AMdr is`K rwj ^qm ho cu`ikAw hY[ ies bwry socxw jW supny lYxy byvkUPI hY[ mwrc 1854 iv`c fwktr lwgn, mhwrwjw dlIp isMG, Sihzwdw iSvdyv isMG, lyfI lwgn Awid PqHygVH qoN rvwnw hoey[ kwnHpur qoN lKnaU huMdy hoey bnwrs phuMcy[ ie`Qy ie`k pMfq nohymIAw gory rihMdw sI ijs ny ihMdU m`q iqAwg ky eIsweI Drm Dwrn kr ilAw sI[ bnwrs ivKy ieh imSnrI dy qOr 'qy eIsweI Drm dw prcwr krdw sI[ ies nUM vI vlwieq iljwx leI mhwrwjy dy in`jI ausqwd (Teacher) vjoN iqAwr kr ilAw[ ies ip`CoN ieh bwrkpur (kl`kqy) gOrimMt hwaUs iv`c jw phuMcy[ 4 ApRYl nUM flhOzI ny 21 qopW dI slwmI mhwrwjw nUM KuS krn leI idvweI Aqy pRIqI Boj vI nwl bYT ky KwDw[ pr ies qrHW dIAW idKwvy mwqR slwmIAW dw kI &wiedw jd mn hI sw& nhIN sn[ Agly idn ies ny mhwrwjy nUM AMzIl qoh&y vjoN id`qI ijs dy muF ` iv`c ies ny iliKAw, "To his Hignes Maharaja Duleep Singh; This Holy Book in which he has been led by God's grace to find an inheritance richer by far than all earthly kingdoms is presented with sincere respect and regard, by his faithful friend." (Dalhousie, April 5, 1954) Bwv mhwrwjw dlIp isMG! ieh piv`qr ikqwb jo mYN qYnUM ie`k im`qr hox dy nwqy bVy siqkwr Aqy Awdr nwL ByNt kr irhw hW ieh prmwqwmw dI ikRpw sdkw hY[ ieh qYnUM swrIAW dunIAW dIAW bwdSwhIAW nwLoN ie`k AmIr ivrsy nwL joV dyvygI[ dyKo ijs flhOzI ny dgw kr ky ie`k bwl qoN rwj Bwg Koh ilAw, mW qoN dUr kr id`qw, Drm qoN piqq krw id`qw Aqy SwhI Kzwnw lu`t ilAw Aqy auh im`qRqw dy qOr qy Dwrimk is`iKAw dy ky ivrsy nwL joVn dI g`l kr irhw hY[ Bwv nwLy cor nwLy cqR bx irhw hY[ 76

bwrkpr ivKy Sihzwdw iSvdyv isMG dI mW ny flhOzI pws duhweI pweI, imnqW qrly kIqy Aqy roeI kurlweI ik myry pu`qr nUM ieMglYNf nw ByijAw jwvy[pqw nhIN aus kwLy idl vwLy dy mn AMdr idAwlqw ikvyN AweI? jW rwjnIqk qOr' qy ieh soicAw ik iSvdyv isMG hux swfw kuJ nhIN ivgwV skdw[ AwKIr ies ny kih id`qw ik iSvdyv isMG vlwieq nw ByijAw jwvy[ so 19 ApRYl 1854 nUM mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM stImr AY`~s AY~s ihMdusqwn rwhIN s`q smuMdr pwr Byjx leI jhwz 'qy cwVH id`qw[ ies dy nwL lwgn joVw Aqy pMfq nohymIAw gory nUM vI ByijAw[lwgn ny ieMglYNf Byjx dw bhwnw ieh lwieAw sI ik qUM au`Qy cMgI pVHweI kr skyNgw[ mhwrwjy dI idl dI ie`Cw sI ik mYN AwpxI pVwHeI pUrI kr ky jldI vqn vwps AwvWgw, fyhrwdUn iv`c zmInI Astyt rihx leI bxwvWgw Aqy Cu`tIAW mnwaux AwzwdI sihq msUrI jwieAw krWgw[CotI aumr hox kr ky i&rMgI dI dgwbwzI, Srwrq Aqy kUV socxI bwry aus nUM igAwn nhIN sI[ dlIp isMG nUM AYsw dyS inkwlw id`qw igAw ik aus nUM pMjwb dI DrqI 'qy pYr pwauxw swrI aumr nsIb nw hoieAw[ klk`qy qoN c`l ky Adn iv`c dI huMdw hoieAw jhwz imsr phuMicAw[ ieQy phuMcx smyN 21 qopW dI slwmI mhwrwjy dI Awmd iv`c id`qI geI, auprMq skMdrIAw (Alexandria), kwihrw (Cario) Aqy imsr Sihr dy AjUby idKwey[ iPr mwltw Aqy jbrwlHtr iv`c SwhI slwmI idvweI[AwKIr A`D jUn 1854 nUM jhwz lMfn pu`j igAw[ mhwrwjy nUM imvwrt dy klYirj hotl (Mivart's Claridge Hotel) iv`c TihrwieAw igAw ikauuNik Asl Gr Ajy iqAwr ho irhw sI[

vlwieq 'c mhwrwjy dI rihxI bihxI ieiqhwsk dsqwvyzW Anuswr BwvyN mhwrwjw eIsweI bx cui` kAw sI pr vlwieq iv`c vI izAwdwqr auh dysI (pMjwbI) ilbws hI pihndw sI[ auh jdoN vI rwj mihl jW kort Aw& fwierYktrz iv`c jwNdw sI aus dy dsqwr sjweI huMdI sI Aqy dsqwr 'qy klgI lweI huMdI sI[ kot pqlUn ArQwq AMgryzI FMg dI puSwk qW kdy kdy 77

pihndw sI[ies g`l dI puStI lyfI lwgn dI ikqwb 'sr jOhn lwgn AYNf dlIp isMG 1890 'dy pMnw 290 qoN vI ies pihrwvy dI puStI ho jwNdI hY[ lyfI lwgn ieh g`l mMndI hY, ik dlIp isMG nyy aumr Br Srwb kdy nhIN sI pIqI[ mhwrwjw kys ktw ky qy eIsweI bx ky klgI vwLI p`g hI bMnHdw irhw sI[ Kwxy iv`c vI auh ivdySI cIzW nwloN dysI vDyry psMd krdw sI[ dlIp isMG dy isr qy bMnHI p`g flhOzI nUM bVw sqw rhI sI[ flhOzI 22 AkqUbr 1854 dy ie`k ^q iv`c ilKdw hY, "dlIp isMG dI pgVI hI aus dw v`fw Bwrw kOmI inSwn hY[ aus nUM p`g bMnHx qoN dUr kr idau, iPr auh dy iv`c is`KI dw koeI nwmo-inSwn nhIN rih jweygw[

koihnUr, dlIp isMG dy h`QoN mlkw ivktorIAw nUM idvwauxw vlwieq phuMcx auprMq ie`k idn mlkw ivktorIAw Aqy ipRMs AYlbrt ny mhwrwjy nUM pRIqI Bojn Awpxy mihl iv`c id`qw[ dovyN jxy suMdr, nOjvwn Aqy CYl-CbIly dlIp nUM dyK bVy pRsMn hoey Aqy bYikMGm hwl (Buckingham Palace) iv`c aus dw k`dwvr icqR icqRkwr qoN bxvwieAw[ hOLI hOLI SwhI Grwxy nwL mhwrwjy dw imlwp vDx kr ky mlkw dy SihzwidAW dw Xwr bx igAw[ keI vwr mlkw dlIp isMG nUM Awpxy SihzwidAW nwL ibTw ky Kwxw vI KuAwauNdI sI[ ipRMs AwP vylz Aqy ipRMs AYlPrf nwl vI dlIp isMG ic`TI p`qr krn l`g ipAw[ pr ienHW g`lW qoN lwrf flhOzI bVw sVdw sI[ auh kihMdw sI, "mYN ies nUM q^q qoN auqwrky q^qy 'qy ibTwieAw hY, qusIN ies dw pUrw Awdr mwx kr rhy hoN[" dUjy pwsy lyfI lwgn ny bVI cMclqw vrqI[ aus nUM mlkw ivktorIAw ny ikhw, "4 sqMbr 1854 eIsvI nUM mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ihMd AYkt muqwibk 16 swl dw ho igAw hY[ bwlg hox kr ky jykr Brovwl dI sulwH Anuswr auh mYnMU koihnUr qoh&y vjoN dy dyvy qW iPr koeI kwnUMnI AiVcx nhIN AwvygI[" Bwv iPr kwnUMnI qOr 'qy auh ies dI mMg nhIN kr skdw[ lyfI lwgn ny cqrqw vrq ky g`lW bwqW 'c dlIp isMG nUM ikhw, "AsIN qYnUM koihnUr hIrw idKwvWgy[ qUM aus nUM dyK

ky mlkw ivktorIAw nUM ByNt kr deIN[" ies kMm leI cusqI ieh vrqI geI ik mhwrwjy nUM aus dw icqR bnwaux leI ibTw id`qw, qWik aus dw iDAwn icqR vl rhy[ mlkw ny koihnUr mMgvwieAw Aqy dlIp dy h`Q 'qy Dr id`qw[ ies hIry nUM cMgI qrHW dyK ky aus ny mlkw nUM vwps kr id`qw Aqy icqR bnvwaux leI jw bYTw[ fwktr svrwj isMG ijhVy mMny-pRmMny ieiqhwskwr hn Aqy vwiSMgtn styt nY~tvrk Pwr ihaUmn rweIts dy cyArmYn Aqy cyArmYn Aw& sYNtrl vwiSMgtn kolISn Pwr soSl jsits hn ny Awpxy lyK Kohinoor: A Gift to the British or Imperial Loot? jo ilMk AKbwr iv`c 30 ApRYl 2016 nUM CipAw iv`c iliKAw hY ik 'kueIn ivktorIAw nUM koihnUr ByNt krn vwlw ivKwvw ie`k DoKw sI[ mhwrwjy nUM Brmw ky ieh frwmw kIqw igAw[ koihnUr qW pihlW hI mlkw dy kbzy iv`c sI[ ies leI ieh AfMbr qW kpt rUp sI[ so koihnUr qoh&y vjoN nhIN sgoN AMgryzW v`loN swmrwjI lu`t nwL mlkw ivktorIAw pws igAw"[ kwnUMnI qOr 'qy vI ieh frwmw mMnx Xog nhIN ikauNik srkwrI qOr 'qy mhwrwjy nUM 29 dsMbr 1857 qoN bwlg mMinAw igAw sI[

ivìdAw p`KoN mhwrwjy nUM hIxw krnw vlwieq iv`c qW mhwrwjy nUM au~c ividÀw dw JWsw dy ky lY gey sI[ kuJ smW ieh skwtlYNf, eIfnbrg Aqy XwrkSwier iv`c sYr krwauNdy rhy[ iPr kMpnI v`lNo i\MblYNfn (Winblendon) Aqy rohNY ptn (Roehampton) Awid QwvW iv`c rìKAw igAw[ ie~Qy mhwrwjy ny XUnIvristI iv`c dwKlw lYx leI ieìCAw pRgt kIqI pr ihMd srkwr ny ies g`l dw AwDwr bxw ky AwigAw nw id`qI ik mhwrwjy nUM koeI mwr nw dyvy[ AMgryz idloN dlIp isMG nUM ivìdAw nhIN sI idvwauxw cwhuMdy[ auh socdy sn ik jykr ieh pVH ilK igAw qW swfy h`QW iv`coN inkl jwvygw[ ie`QoN q`k ik skUlI ivìdAw qoN vI AYsw hI AwK ky vWJw r`ìKAw igAw[ lwgn ny ikhw , "dlIp jy qUM skUl pVHn jwvyNgw qW qyrI pdvI Aqy Swn G`t jwvygI jo srkwr nUM TIk nhIN lgdw"[ pr ieh sB kuJ flhOzI krvw irhw sI[ jykr mlkw ivktorIAw dy b`cy skUl, kwlj qy XUnIvristI iv`c pVH skdy sn qW mhwrwjy leI ieh bMdS ikauN sI? Asl iv`c iPrMgI dI nIq GtIAw sI[ 79

vlwieq iv`c kwlw Sihzwdw vlwieq iv`c dlIp isMG kwlw Sihzwdw (Black Prince) nwm nwL mShUr sI[ kihMdy hn ie`k vwr koeI bMdw lwgn kol AwieAw Aqy dlIp isMG nwL vI aus dw myL ho igAw[ aus ny lwgn nUM pu`iCAw, lok ies nUM kwlw Sihzwdw ikauN kihMdy hn? ies dw rMg qW gorw inSoh hY[dlIp isMG sI vI bVw sun`Kw, iq`Ky nYx-nkS vwLw Aqy lMbw-lMJw[ soFI brijMdr isMG ny 1941 julweI, 'p`qr pMj dirAw' iv`c Awpxy lyK AMdr lwrf flhOzI v`loN dlIp isMG dI kIqI suh`px bwry ibAwn kIqw sI[ auh ilKdy hn ik flhOzI ny 8 ApRYl 1854 dI ic`TI iv`c AMikq kIqw hY, "mhwrwjw dI aumr nw qW muMifAW vrgI hY Aqy nw hI AwdmIAW vwLI[ swry mUMh au~qy kwLI kwLI lUMeI hY[ auhdw au~Txw bYTxw bVw vDIAw (sRySt) Aqy SrIPwnw hY[ auh AMgryzI bVI hI sohxI boldw hY[" iesy qrHW 26 Agsq 1854 dI ic`TI iv`c auh ilKdw hY, dlIp dIAW A`KW sohxIAW hn, ijnHW ny kort PMD ilAw hY[ auh mwno aus dI mW dIAW A`KW hn[so ijs qrHW ihMdusqwn AMdr jwqIvwd (Castism) dI ibmwrI hY jo mnu`KW AMdr n&rq pYdw krdI hY, AYsI ibmwrI hI goirAW iv`c nslvwd (Racism) dI hY[ iesy kr ky hI auh dlIp isMG nUM 'kwLw Sihzwdw' kihMdy sn[

mhwrwjy nUM bwlg GoiSq krn 'c dyrI dlIp isMG, Brovwl dI sMDI nUM mu`K rKidAW Aqy ihMdU AYkt muqwibk 4 sqMbr 1854 iv`c 16 swl dw hox kr ky bwlg ho igAw sI[ hux aus nUM soJI Aw geI ik ienHW lokW ny swfy prvwr nwL kI kI vDIkIAW kIqIAW hn Aqy is`KW dI pwV-DwV kr ky ivSwl is`K rwj dw ^wqmw hI kyvl nhIN kIqw sgoN myry bwp dw bxwieAw sB kuJ lu`t ilAw[ myrI mW dw BwrI inrwdr kr ky aus nUM jylH 'c kYd kr mYQoN dUr kr id`qw[dlIp isMG ny lwgn nUM AkqUbr 1854 iv`c ikhw, "ihMdU kwnUMn Anuswr mYN hux bwlg ho igAw hW, so myry qoN sB bMdSW ^qm kIqIAW jwx[ mYnUM Awpxw pRbMD Awp krn dI AwigAw idau[ sulwHnwmy muqwbk myrI pYnSn dw G`t qoN G`t cwr l`K dw ihswb mYnUM sONipAw jwvy"[ mhwrwjy dIAW ieh g`lW sux lwgn ny flhOzI nUM p`qr

iliKAw[ flhOzI ny twL-mtoL kIqw Aqy koeI inrxyvydk au~qr nw id`qw[ jo g`lW mhwrwjy dy ivroD 'c jWdIAW sn aunHW nUM qW gvrnr jnrl bVw inXmb`D AwK ky smyN qoN pihlW krdw sI, pr bwlg mMnx dw AYlwn shI smyN qoN qkrIbn 3 swl ip`CoN 29 dsMbr 1857 nUM kIqw[ ies AYlwn nwL lwgn dI vI Cu`tI kr id`qI Aqy kuJ bMdSW htw id`qIAW[ lwgn 9 ku swl qW dlIp isMG dy Dn 'qy pldw irhw[ jdoN ies nUM kMpnI ny htw id`qw qW ies ny mhwrwjy qoN hor Dn dI m`dd mMgI[ mhwrwjy ny ikhw, "qUM kMpnI dw mulwzm sI aus qoN Dn dI mMg kr"[ pr kMpnI ny lwgn nUM hor m`dd krn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ iesy kr ky dlIp isMG ny AwpxIAW ilKqW iv`c ilK id`qw ik eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI kMjUsW, cMfwlW Aqy dgybwzW dI kMpnI sI[

gdr 1857 meI 1857 iv`c kMpnI v`loN ihMdusqwn dI lu`t-mwr nUM dyK &OjI ispwhIAW ny bgwvq kr id`qI[ id`lI, myrT, LKnaU Awid SihrW 'c v`fI p`Dr 'qy lu`t mwr Aqy AwgznI dIAW GtnwvW SurU ho geIAW[ QW QW 'qy AwzwdI nUM mùK r`KidAW srkwr ivrùD muzwhry hox l`gy[ muzwhrw kwrIAW ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dw PqHygVH iv`c mOjUd swrw mwl l`ut ilAw[ ies dI rwKI leI swrjYNt eIlIAt (Sarglnt Elliot) dI ifaUtI lgweIO sI[ ies mwr DwV 'c eIlIAt Aqy aus dy b`cy, vwltr gweIz Aqy hor keI AMgryz vI mwry gey[ 1857 dy gdr smyN lKnaU ivKy hYnrI lwrMs vI mwirAw igAw sI ijs ny mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM ie`k vwr kysW qoN pkV ky kcihrI iv`c GVIisAw sI[ ies gdr 'qy AMgRyzW ny 20 julweI 1859 nUM kwbU pw ilAw sI[ ies gdr dOrwn 2 Agsq 1858 nUM brqwnIAW srkwr ny eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI koloN rwj Bwg Awpxy h`Q lY ilAw[ pihlI nvMbr 1858 nUM mlkw ivktorIAw ny eys dw pUrn qOr 'qy AYlwn kr id`qw[ nvMbr 1859 nUM mhwrwjy ny lwgn nUM ikhw ik srkwr aus dw ihswb jldI inbyVy[ pr srkwr ny lwgn nUM mhwrwjy dw muKiqAwr mMnx qoN nWh kr id`qI[

mhwrwjy dI pYnSn A`DI krnI iqMn ku swl ieMglYNf 'c rihx auprMq mhwrwjw PrWs, ietlI, rom Awid SihrW Aqy pRis`D QwvW 'qy lwgn, lyfI lwgn Aqy Awpxy dosq ronwlf lYislI mYlivl nwL sYr krn cilAw igAw[ flhOzI ny 7 PrvrI 1856 nUM AvD 'qy kbzw kr ky auQoN dy bwdSwh vwijd AlI nUM 15 l`K rupey swlwnw pYnSn mukrr kIqI[ ies qoN ielwvw aus dy swk sMbMDIAW Aqy nOkrW nUM vI guzwry leI B`qw mnzUr kIqw[ ieh jwx ky dlIp isMG ny AwpxI pYnSn vDwaux dI mMg kIqI[ kmInI srkwr ny pYnSn qW vDwauxI kI sI sgoN 20 meI 1859 nUM ie`k p`qr duAwrw pihlW iml rhIN 5 l`K pYnSn dI bjwie Awaux vwly smyN leI 2.5 l`K kr id`qI[ p`qr 'c pYnSn Gtwaux dI dlIl ieh id`qI ik hux qUM bwlg ho igAw hYN[ mhwrwjw dw sbr sMqoK dyKo ik pYnSn Gtwaux 'qy koeI tIkw it`pxI nhIN kyvl au~qr iv`c ieh hI iliKAw ik myrI mOq qoN ip`CoN ieh rkm myry vwrsW leI mnzUr kIqI jwvy jW iPr auh tRst bxw ky pMjwb iv`c iv`idAw dy pRcwr qy pRswr leI KrcI jwvy[ ieh vI dlIp isMG ny praupkwrqw vwLI g`l kIqI[ pr srkwr ny aus dI koeI g`l nw suxI[ dlIp isMG Aqy mhwrwxI ijMdW dI mwq-BUmI (pMjwb) dy Bly dI qW iPrMgI koeI g`l suxnI nhIN sI cwhuMdw[ iesy leI qW aunHW ienHW nUM dyS inkwLw id`qw sI[

AiDAwie 5 mhwrwxI dw nypwl qy ieMglYNf phuMcxw AMgryz A&srW ny ijMdW nUM kdy iksy qy kdy iksy jylH 'c su`t ky A`q dw zlIl kIqw[ ienHW ieh ivcwrky ik mhwrwxI ikqy jylH 'coN n`s nw jwvy nUM bhuq hI krVI surìKAw vwLy cunwr iklHy iv`c kYd kr id`qw, ij`Qy hor vI bhuq swry kYdI bMdI sn[ AYsI qkVweI vwLI jgHw 'coN inklxw koeI Kwlw jI dw vwVw nhIN sI[ mhwrwxI dI Syr idlI, ivauNqbMdI Aqy cqurqw dyKo, Awpxw Bys bdl ky iPrMgI dy pihrydwrW nUM ckmw dy ky cunwr 'coN pRBU Awsry inkl geI[ iklHy 'coN inklxw hI BwvyN rwxI leI v`fI ij`q sI Aqy vYrI dy mUMh 'qy Q`pV mwrn vwlI g`l sI[ pr A`gy jwx dw rsqw jo AKiqAwr kIqw auh sI nypwl phuMcx dw[ieh soc vI ijMdW dy rwjnIqk igAwn dw mhwn pRgtwvw sI, ikauNik auh jwxdI sI ik ies smyN rwxw jMg bhwdr hux nypwl dw rwjw hY Aqy nypwl dy rwj 'qy AMgryzW dw AiDkwr nhIN hY[ ies leI nypwl hI myry rihx leI sB qoN v`D surìKAq jgHw hY, hor swrI DrqI 'qy AMgryz kwbz ho cu`ky sn[ nypwl dy rwjw jMg bhwdr dw ielwkw brqwnIAW hkUmq dy ADIn nw hox bwry mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM kdI kdweIN zrUr dìsAw hovygw[ kudrq bVI mhwn hY, auh du`KW iv`c iGry jIv nUM jIvn ibqwaux leI rhwieS Aqy Kwxy dwxy dw pRbMD kr idMdI hY[ nypwl 'qy AMgryzW dw kbzw nw hoxw vI goriKAW dI bhwdrI dy kwrn hI sI[ nypwl nUM 'goriKAW dI DrqI' nwl vI jwixAw jWdw hY[ sMn 1814 qoN 1816 dy drimAwn AYNglo-nypwlIz vwr (Xu`D) (AngloNeplese War) hoeI sI[ goriKAW dI &Oj dy kmWfr blBdrw kMvr dI sYnw ny eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dy &OjIAW nUM lVweI dOrwn cMgy h`Q idKwey sn[ kMpnI kol v`fI sYnw Aqy cMgy hiQAwr hox kr ky BwvyN AwKIr 'qy aus dw h`Q aup`r irhw, pr AMgryz sYnw dw v`fw nukswn hox kwrn Aqy bhuqy &OjI ibmwr hox kwrn aus ny 4 mwrc 1816 nUM sgOlI iv`Ky sMDI (Treaty of Sagauli) kr leI[ sgOlI sMDI Anuswr nypwl ny iskm, kmwauN, gVHvwl Awid dw ielwkw kMpnI nUM dy id`qw[ 83

ies sMDI iv`c ieh g`l vI qYA hoeI ky kMpnI dw ie`k pRqIinD (Resident) kTmMfU Awpxw d&qr r`Kygw[ ieiqhwsk q`QW Anuswr nypwl dy rwj Bwg iv`c ies rYzIfYNt dI koeI bu`kq nhIN sI[ mhwrwxI ny cunwr qoN 800 mIl dI dUrI 'qy pYNdy nypwl dw du`KW BirAw rsqw ies leI vI cuixAw ik aus dy mn 'qy is`KI dy AsUlW dI pwx cVHI hoeI sI[ auh DrmI sI, Srm pwlx vwlI Aqy p`q nUM brkrwr r`Kx vwlI sI[ auh AwpxI iezq Aqy AwbrU nwL iKlvwV hoxw nhIN sI locdI Aqy nw hI iPrMgI dI qwnwSwhI, iGnwauxy mzwk Aqy h`qk nUM kbUl krnw cwhuMdI sI[ gurbwxI dy Sbd hn: jy jIvY piq lQI jwie] sBu hrwmu jyqw ikCu Kwie] (ñôò)

cunwr iklHy 'coN inkl ky mu`K g`l sI Awpxy Awp nUM Cupwauxw qWik srkwr dy ispwhI pkV nw lYx[ ies qoN ielwvw Kwxy-dwxy dw pRbMD krnw ikauNik ienswn bhuqw icr Bu`Kw nhIN rih skdw[ Bu`Kw srIr cwr kdm vI nhIN qur skdw[ Bu`K dw du`K qW mOq nwloN vI BYVw mMinAW igAw hY[ bwhr rwqW k`tx leI lIVw k`pVw vI cwhIdw sI[ kYd 'coN inklx smyN qW ijMdW AwpxI nOkrwxI dy mYly-kucYly kpVy hI qyV pihn ky inklI sI[ AYsI hwlq bwry ieh hI kihxw bxdw hY: vwrny jweIey sdw ijMdW dy hOsly qoN, inklI iklyH 'coN s`c dw prp`c gWdI[ mn iv`c Et DwrI aus prmwqmw dI, luk-iCp qurI jWdI auh dy gux gweI jWdI[ SwhI jMprW nUM sdw pwaux qy hMFwaux vwlI, gMdy mMdy kpVy qn 'qy pweI qurI jWdI[ kMd mUl Kw jMglW, byilAW 'coN, jW iPr mMg qMg tu`kV KweI jWdI, AYpr iklHy iv`coN su`KI sWdI k`Fx leI, prm ipqw dI su`K bwr bwr mnweI jWdI[

aunHW idnW iv`c A`j klH vWg koeI b`sW, kwrW, motrsweIkl, g`fIAW Awid qW hY nhIN sn ik ijMdW ie`k QW qoN dUjI QW jldI phuMc 84

jWdI[ kyvl bYl rQ g`fIAW, g`fy, GoVy, K`crW, aUT jW qur ky jwxw hI AwvwjweI dy swDn sn, mhwrwxI kol qW AwpxIAW do tMgW hI qur ky jwx dw swDn sI[ AYsy hwlwqW iv`c vI mhwrwxI ny Awpxy Awp nUM bVI cqurqw vrq ky CupwieAw ik auh srkwr dy h`Q nw AweI[ aus v`loN Awpxy inSwny 'qy phuMcx dw pYNfw vI bhuq lMbw, jMglW, byilAW, phwVW, dirAwvW, ndIAW, nwilAW nwL iGirAw hoieAw sI[ ie`k nOjvwn qy Ablw iesqrI dw shI slwmq Awpxy shI itkwxy 'qy phuMc jwxw bVw bhwdrI vwlw kMm sI[ ie`k vwr g`lW g`lW 'c dlIp ny ijMdW qoN puìCAw sI, "mW, qUM cunwr qoN nypwl ikvyN phuMcI"? ijMdW ny dìsAw ik myrw ie`k pMjwbI nOkr mYnUM cunwr qoN iljw ky gomqI ndI pwr krvw igAw sI ijhVI lKnaU kol vihMdI hY[ A`goN mYN pu`CdI igCdI ptny phuMc ky sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy pRkwS AsQwn 'qy phuMc geI[ gurduAwry ivKy mYN kuJ smW ibqwieAw, gurU jI A`gy nypwl shI slwmq phuMcx leI bwr bwr Ardws kIqI[ aus qoN v`fw mYnUM dlyrI leI pRyirq krn vwlw hor vDIAw AsQwn ikhVw ho skdw sI? ieh Gtnw drswauNdI hY ik mhwrwxI ny cunwr 'coN inklx qoN pihlW iklHy dy iksyy nOkr nwL swrw slwh mSvrw kIqw hovygw[ aus nUM Dn mwl vI id`qw hovygw ikauNik jW qW lwlc iv`c Aw ky qy jW pMjwbI hox nwqy aus ny mhwrwxI dI shwieqw kIqI hovygI[ mhwrwxI ny dlIp isMG nUM ieh vI dìsAw, "ptny qoN A`gy mYN keI hPqy bYrwgn bx ky jMglW qy prbqW rwhIN Xwqrw krdI rhI, lok jo dwn idMdy Kw lYNdI Aqy ij`Qy jgHw imldI sON jWdI, jd q`k mYN nypwl nw phuMc geI[ (jlwvqnI, pMnw 203)[ dws 2015 dy jUn mhIny gurduAwrw gurU nwnk is`K, srI/fYltw (kYnyfw) ivKy FwfI vwrW sux irhw sI[ kudrqI aus idn mhwrwxI ijMdW dy sMbMD iv`c prsMg c`l irhw sI[ FwfI bulwry ny ijMdW dy nypwl jwx dy rsqy dI vwrqw ieM\ suxweI, 'cldI cldI ijMdW rwq k`tx leI ie`k phwVI dI gu&w 'c jw vVI[ auh sOx dI iqAwrI hI kr rhI sI ik ie`k bMdw au~Qy Aw igAw[ auh kwPI smyN qoN ies guPw iv`c

hI rwqW k`tdw sI[ aus ny pu`iCAw, "bIbI qUM kOx hY"? qW mhwrwxI ny ikhw, "BweI swihb mYN Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mhwrwxI ijMdW hW Aqy AwpxI swrI vwrqw aus nUM suxw id`qI'[ A`goN aus bMdy ny ikhw, "bIbI, myrw nwm prqwp isMG hY[ mY Syir-ey-pMjwb dI &Oj iv`c cMgy Ahudy 'qy sI[ jdoN iPrMgI ny lwhOr 'qy kbzw kr ilAw qW swnUM nOkrI qoN k`F id`qw[ mYnUM fr pYdw ho igAw ik AMgryz pkV ky jylH 'c nw su`t dyx[ mYN AjyhI gulwmI qoN frdw hoieAw Gr bwr C`f ky ieDr Aw igAw sI[ soicAw rihMdI aumr 'c BgqI kr A`gw svwr lvW"[ mhwrwxI ny soicAw bMdw TIk lgdw hY[ prqwp isMG ny ijMdW nUM jo aus pws sI Kwx leI id`qw[ AglI svyr auh phwVI rsqw jwxdw kr ky mhwrwxI dI shwieqw leI nwL c`l ipAw[ do ko idn ip`CoN ienHW nUM ie`k hor phwVI AOrq t`krI jo Agly rsqy dI cMgI qrHW vwkP sI[ kI hoieAw, prqwp isMG bImwr AYsw hoieAw ik pRwx iqAwg igAw[ ijMdW ny aus AOrq nwL iml ky prqwp isMG dw sskwr kIqw Aqy ieh dovyN audwsI dI hwlq iv`c A`gy c`l peIAW[ nwly g`lW krdIAW hn ik prmwqmw ny sMjogivXog dI kYsI Kyf bxweI hY[ ieM\ pu`CdI-ig`CdI, dUijAW dy shwry jIvn ibqwauNdI, ndIAW byVIAW jW ikSqI rwhIN jo rsqy iv`c mOjUd sn pwr krdI qy du`KVy JldI ijMdW nypwl dI h`d 'qy phuMc geI[ijauN hI auh nypwl dI h`d lMGx l`gI qW au~QoN dy &OjIAW nUM aus ny pkV ilAw[ &OjIAW ny aus qoN sB jwxkwrI lY ky mhwrwxI dI mMg Anuswr ausy nUM rwjw rwxw jMg bhwdr A`gy pyS kr id`qw[ rwjy nUM ijMdW ny AwpxI swrI iviQAw suxweI[ rwxw jMg bhwdr bVw idAwlU, dlyr Aqy BY rihq sI[ aus ny swrI g`l bwq cMgI qrHW sux ky mhwrwxI nUM nypwl 'c byKO& rihx leI Aqy 20 hzwr rupey swlwnw pYnSn dyx dw &Yslw suxw id`qw[ bwgVI swihb ny Awpxy mhW kwiv iv`c vI pMnw 170 'qy AMikq kIqw hY: id`qw Awsrw iv`c nypwl aus nUM, qrsvwn sI bVw nryS BweI[ hrcMd isMGw pYnSn 20 hzwr lweI, pRbD M rihx dw kIqw ivSyS BweI[

kvI ieiqhwskwrW ny mhwrwxI dy cunwr 'coN inklx dI qRIk 18 ApRYl 1849 Aqy nypwl phuMcx dI qRIk 28 ApRYl 1849 ilKI hY, pr ieh smW TIk nhIN lgdw[ kyvl 10 ku idnW iv`c 800 mIl dw lMbw rsqw ijhVw ik jMglW, phwVW nwl iGirAw hoieAw sI Aqy aunHW idnW iv`c nw qW koeI bhuqy p`ky qy is`Dy rsqy hI sn Aqy nw hI AwvwjweI dy qyz swDn sn[ ies qoN ielwvw ijMdW rsqy qoN vI Axjwx sI Aqy AMgRyzI srkwr dy ispwhIAW qoN vI Awpxy Awp nUM aus ny Cupwauxw sI, ikauNik auh ies nUM pkVn leI QW-QW 'qy l`Bdy iPrdy sn[ fwktr hrbMs isMG ny The Encyclopedia of Sikhism vol, II iv`c ijMdW dy cunwr iklHy iv`c bMd krn dw sMn 1848 dw iliKAw hY[ nypwl dy mhwrwjy ny ijMdW nUM mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI mhwrwxI jwx ky siqkwr vjoN ie`k nvW bixAW cwrburjw drbwr vwLw bMglw rhwieS leI id`qw[ ieh bMglw QpQwlI kMplYks dy iv`c suSoBq sI[ rwjy ny mhwrwxI dy Kwxy dwxy bnwaux Aqy syvw-sMBwl leI bVIAW suSIl, smJdwr Aqy sulJIAW hoeIAW nOkrwxIAW lweIAW[ ieh shUlqW q`k mhwrwxI ny mhwrwjy dw DMnvwd kIqw Aqy aus dy rwj Bwg dy hor vDx leI AsIs id`qI[ ies qrHW BwvyN rihx leI rhwieS bVI suMdr imL geI, pr pu`q dy ivCoVy dw du`K v`F-v`F ky Kwx l`igAw[ ipCly bIqy drdnwk duKWq Xwd kr kr bwr bwr ijMdW dIAW A`KW 'coN AWsU bih qurdy sn[ ieM\ pu`qr dw ivXog nypwl rih ky qkrIbn 13 swl hMFwieAw[ BwvyN auh Awpxy idl nUM qkVw krn dI koiSS krdI pr dlIp isMG dy eIsweI Awid bxn dIAW ^brW sux auh in`q hauNky lYNdI Aqy aus dIAW A`KW nIr nwL hmySw BrIAW rihMdIAW[ AYsI hwlq kwrn aus dw srIr kmzor huMdw igAw Aqy A`KW dI roSnI clI geI[ ies sMbMDI bwgVI swihb kwiv rcnw ieM\ krdy hn: idl qkVw krdI bhuq ijMdW, pr iPr vI Drdw DIr nhIEN[ kMfw pu`q dw idl dy iv`c Ku`Bw, A`KW iv`coN sukdw nIr nhIauN[ hoVy dyvdIN bVy qs`lIAW dy, kMDW ibnW KVHn SqIr nhINau[ hrcMd isMGw BugqxI hY pYNdI, ilKI huMdI Awp qkdIr nhIEN[ rwj Bwg hV`ipAw goirAW ny, kuJ irhw nw pu`q dy pws BweI[ 87

hrcMd isMG ro ro hoeI AMnHIN, jylHIN rul gey h`f qy mws BweI[

hux dlIp isMG vI jvwn hox kr ky surq isr ho igAw[ AMgryzI srkwr dIAW Aqy GtIAW hrkqW Aqy cwlW smJx l`g igAw[ 'huMdy idlW nUM idlW dy rwh mIAW' dI khwvq Anuswr in`q roz mW ijMdW dI Xwd idl 'c Awaux l`gI[ ieh vI soJI Aw geI ik mW nwloN dunIAW iv`c hor v`fw irSqw koeI nhIN[ aus nUM pqw l`igAw ik myrI mW ies smyN nypwl bYTI hY[ iPr dlIp isMG ny imlwp leI ic`TI p`qr AwrMB kIqw[

nohymIAW h`Q ic`TI Byjxw mhwrwjy dy mn AMdr AwpxI mW nUM imlx leI gihrI iK`c, qV& Aqy snyh pYdw ho igAw[ jnvrI 1857 nUM pMfq nohymIAW gory ny ihMdusqwn Awauxw sI[ dlIp isMG ny mhwrwxI ijMd kOr dy nW 'qy ic`TI ilK nohymIAW nUM id`qI Aqy aus nUM p`kw kIqw ik ieh ic`TI qUM Awp nypwl jw ky myrI mwqw nUM pkVwauxI hY[ ieh pikAweI ies leI kIqI ik nvMbr 1856 nUM iksy ny dlIp isMG dy nW hyT mhwrwxI qoN pYsy btorn leI aus nUM ic`TI ilK id`qI sI[ ieh nypwl dy drbwr iv`c pkVI geI, jo ihMd srkwr ny kort Aw& fwierYktrz (vlwieq) nUM Byj id`qI Aqy aunHW ny A`goN lwgn nUM Byj id`qI sI[ pMfq nohymIAW Awp qW nypwl nhIN igAw, pr aus ny ie`k audwsI sMq mnI rwm dy h`Q auh ic`TI mhwrwxI nUM dyx leI Byj id`qI[ pqw nhIN ieh mhwrwxI kol phuMcI jW nW phuMcI[ lwgn srkwr dw ip`TU hox krky bVw SYqwn sI[ mlkw, srkwr Aqy lwgn nhIN cwhuMdy sI ik ijMdW dw myL dlIp nwl hovy[ lwgn ny 30 jnvrI 1857 nUM Awpxy v`loN nohymIAW nUM p`qr iliKAw Aqy nypwl jwx leI pYsy Byjy[ aus p`qr iv`c ies ny iliKAw, 'mhwrwjw cwhuMdw hY ik ijMdW nypwl hI rhy[ ies qoN cMgI QW aus leI hor koeI nhIN[' ies p`qr dw au~qr nohymIAW ny 26 jnvrI nUM ByijAw Aqy iliKAw ik lwrf kYinMg (Canning) ny mYnUM nypwl jwx dI AwigAw nhIN id`qI[ pr AsIN rYzIfYNt rwhIN ijMdW nUM mhwrwjy dy ivcwrW bwry sw& sw& ds id`qw hY[AMgryzW dw ieh rYzIfYNt kTmMfU ivKy rihMdw sI[ ieh mhwrwxI 88

'qy nzr vI rKdw sI ik auh AMdrKwqy pMjwb iv`c is`KW nUM gVbVI leI qW nhIN auqSwihq kr rhI[

mhwrwjy v`loN mhwrwxI nUM hor ic`TI ByjxI mhwrwjw Kud ieh vrnx krdw hY ik 1857 dy gdr ip`CoN myrI ie`k p`qRkw jo mYN lwgn nUM id`qI Aqy aus ny nypwl 'c ibRitS rYzIfYNt nUM ByjI[ iPr rYzIfYNt ny nypwl dy ie`k mMqrIN rwhIN myrI mW pws phuMcw id`qI[ mYN ies iv`c iliKAw sI ik hux ihMdusqwn dy hwlwq SWq hox kr ky myrw au~Qy phuMcxw sMBv hY[ mYN dyS vwps prqx leI koiSS kr irhw hW qy srkwr qoN iejwzq imlx leI AsvMd hW[ mYnUM ies p`qR dw jvwb vI iml igAw ijs dy Sbd sn: "dUlw jI, qyrI ic`TI iksy mry ienswn leI jIvn dy AMimRq ijhI hY, myrw ihrdw nv-iKVy gulwb vWg PYl igAw hY, virHAW qoN ibmwr peIAW myrIAW A`KW qyrI ic`TI dyK ky nO-br-nO ho geIAW ny....[" dlIp isMG Anuswr, "aus dw puÌ&#x20AC;qr AYlvfY~n 'c myry dsqwvyzW 'c ipAw hY[ (ieh Sbd nvqyj srnw dI pusqk 'jlwvqnI 'dy pMnw 199 'qy drz hn)[ auh A`gy ilKdw hY ik AwKrkwr koeI sI ijs nwl myrw koeI sMbMD sI, ijs dw lhU myrIAW nwVW 'c vihMdw sI, ijs dy hr iKAwl dI mYN klpxw kr skdw hW[ auh myrI mW sI[..... AMgryzW ny aus nUM bdnwm krn leI jo khwxIAW GVIAW ny Aqy jo kuPr aunHW AwpxIAW PweIlW Aqy ieiqhws dIAW pusqkW 'c iliKAw....ik auh pMjwb dI mYslInw sI, ik aus dy ikMny hI AwiSk sn....sucyq isMG, lwl isMG Aqy ikMny hI hor, ik mYN Syry pMjwb dw spUq nhIN sgoN Swied iksy iBSqI (pwxI ipAwaux vwlw) dI AOlwd sW jo lwhOr iklHy dy bwgW, SwhI kmirAW Aqy hrmW 'c ip`T 'qy pwxI nwl BrI mSk cu`kI AwieAw krdw sI....[" Agsq 1857 iv`c lwgn ny sr jymz mYlivl (Sir James Melvill) qoN pqw kIqw ik mhwrwjy dy ihMdusqwn jwx bwry koeI au~qr AwieAw hY jW nhIN? nwL hI AwiKAw ik jykr kort Aw& fwierYktrz

aus nUM jwgIr dy dyvy qW auh ihMdusqwn dI bjwey vlwieq iv`c Awpxw Gr bxw lvygw[ lwgn dI ies rwey sMbMDI hYdrtn (Hatherton) ny mhwrwjy nUM ikhw, "Awp nUM rihx vwsqy lMfn jW ies dy Aws pws koeI cMgw mihl KRId lYxw cwhIdw hY"[ au~qr iv`c dlIp isMG ny ikhw, "mYN AwpxI bwbq hux Awp soc skdw hW[" Bwv mhwrwjw ihMdusqwn Awaux leI idRV sI[

dlIp isMG nUM ihMdusqwn jwx qoN rokx leI lwgn v`loN KyfI nvIN cwl kurg dy rwjy dI SihzwdI jo eIsweI bx cu`kI sI Aqy vlwieq dI mlkw ny aus nUM AwpxI DI bxwieAw hoieAw sI[ ies SihzwdI nUM mlkw ny lwgn dy spurd kIqw hoieAw sI[ mhwrwjw vI lwgn pws rihMdw sI[ ijs kwrn ienHW dohW dw imlwp, g`l bwq Aqy bYTxI auT`xI kw&I sI[ mlkw dy kihx 'qy lyfI lwgn ny dlIp isMG 'qy zor pwieAw ik auh kurg dI SihzwdI nUM AwpxI rwxI bxw lvy[ lwgn vI mhwrwjy nUM bVw vifAwauNdw sI ik jykr qUM kurg dI SihzwdI ivktorIAw gormw (Victoria Gorma) nwL ivAwh krvw lvyN qW qyrw jIvn hor vI svrg bx jwvygw[ pr dlIp isMG ny gormw nwL ivAwh krvwaux qoN korw jvwb dy id`qw sI[

dlIp isMG ny ihMdusqwn phuMcxw dsMbr 1860 iv`c dlIp isMG ny ihMdusqwn jwx dw mn bxw ilAw[ ieMfIAw Awi&s qoN sr cwrls vu`f dw p`qr imilAw ik auh jmnw dy pUrb 'c ihMdusqwn dy hr ih`sy iv`c GuMm iPr skdw hY, pr pMjwb nhIN jw skdw[ nwL hI mW nUM imlx dI AwigAw vI dy id`qI jo AMnHI ho cu`kI sI[ jnvrI 1861 dy AwKIr 'c dlIp smuMdrI jhwz klk`qw dI bMdrgwh 'qy pu`jw[ mhwrwjy nUM ie`Qy 21 qopW dI slwmI id`qI geI Aqy rhwieS dw pRbMD spYNsz hotl iv`c hI kIqw igAw[ ieQy purwxy nOkr mhwrwjy nUM KuS ho ky imLy[ BqIjw iSvdyv isMG vI Aw ky Awpxy cwcy nUM imilAw[ dlIp isMG ny Awaux swr hI kuJ bMdy mwqw ijMdW nUM lYx leI

nypwl Byj id`qy auh mMqrI dI shwieqw nwl rwxw jMg bhwdr nUM imly Aqy ds idqw ik mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy kihx 'qy AsIN mhwrwxI nUM lYx Awey hW[ rwxw jMg bhwdr ny ijMdW nUM drbwr 'c bulwieAw Aqy pu`iCAw, "kI qUM klk`qy Awpxy pu`qr kol jwxw cwhuMdI hYN"? ijMdW ny ikhw, "hW! mYN jwxw hY[ pu`qr nUM imlx leI qW mYN icrW qoN ibhbl hoeI peI hW[" mwvW leI qW pu`qr im`TVy myvy huMdy hn[" rwxy ny ikhw, "jykr qUM jwxw cwhuMdI hYN qW myry drbwr iv`c iPr vwps nhIN Aw skdI Aqy qYnUM iml irhw guzwrw B`qw vI nhIN imlygw"[ mhwrwxI ny kih id`qw ,"rwxw jI, Awpxy mihlW iv`c r`Kx, myrI dyK Bwl Aqy guzwrw B`qw mYnUM dyx leI quhwfw l`K l`K DMnvwd[ mYN quhwfy kIqy praupkwr dI dyx nhIN dy skdI[ pr mYN pu`qr nUM imlx leI bVI byv`s hW Aqy sB kuJ kurbwn krn leI iqAwr hW[ ieM\ KuSI KuSI mhwrwxI klk`qy vl c`l peI[

mW pu`q dw imlwp qkrIbn 13 swl ip`CoN iv`CVy hoey mW-pu`qr dw imlwp PrvrI 1861 nUM klk`qy ivKy jdoN hoieAw qW dohW dIAW s`DrW, ieCwvW Aqy mno kwmnwvW pUrIAW ho geIAW[ imlwp smyN KuSI nwL mwno mW-pu`q dy pYr DrqI 'qy nhIN sI l`g rhy[ mW ijMdW ny dlIp nUM AYsI ipAwr BrI glv`kVI pweI ik auh C`fx dw nw nhIN sI lY rhI[ icrW dy gm, audwsI Aqy idlgIrI ie`k vwr AwnMd 'c bdl geI[ mW dw ihrdw TMFw Twr ho igAw[ ies imlwp bwry hrcMd isMG bwgVI ny bVy BwvI Sbd rcy hn: mW ny pu`q nUM Gu`t ky C`ifAw nw, ijmI-Asmwn ijauN imly Aw bylI[ hrcMd isMG A`KW ClkdIAW ny, hMJU KuSI dy vhy AQwh bylI[

pqI Syir-ey-pMjwb dI mOq, rwj Bwg Kusx qy pu`qr dy ivCoVy dy gm kwrn mhwrwxI ro ro ky AMnHI ho geI sI[ ie`k dUjy dy kol bYT ky mW-pu`q iPrMgI v`loN kIqIAW vDIkIAW dy du`K sWJy krn l`gy[ pu`qr dlIp isMG, mW dIAW nyqrhIx A`KW nUM q`k bVw prySwn sI[ mW ijMdW bwr bwr kih rhI sI, "pu`qr! AwpW dohW ny pqw nhIN ikhVy mwVy krm kIqy hoey hn jo r`b AwpW nUM AYsI sjw dy irhw hY? pr iPr vI 91

dwqy dw Sukr hY ik ijauNdy jI qyry nwL imlwp ho igAw hY"[ ies qrHW g`lW bwqW krdI ijMdW kdy dlIp dy h`Q cuMmdI hY qy kdy pRym 'c iB`j ky srIr 'qy h`Q PyrdI hY[ ieM\ krdI krdI dw kudrqI aus dw h`Q jdoN dlIp dy isr 'qy igAw qW aus ny kys k`ty mihsUs kIqy[ auh DwhIN mwr ky rox l`g peI[ AYsI hwlq dyK dlIp boilAw, "mW qUM ieqnw ro ikauN rhI hYN? qYnUM qW KuS hoxw cwhIdw hY[ AwpW ikqnw icr ip`CoN iek`Ty hoey hW[ A`goN ijMdW fwFy du`KI ihrdy nwl bolI, "pu`qr! mYnUM izMdgI iv`c qyry ipqw dy sMswr qoN cly jwx dw, is`K rwj Bwg Ku`sx dw, iPrMgI dy sqwaux dw Aqy qyry ivCoVy dw ieqnw du`K nhIN sI hoieAw ijqnw A`j mYnUM qyrI guris`KI jwx dw du`K hoieAw hY"[ dlIp Awpxw idl krVw kr ky mW nUM ivrwaux Aqy nw rox leI smJwaux dI koiSS krdw hY pr auh roeI jw rhI sI[ ie`k kvI ny ies hwlq nUM bVy idl tuMbvyN SbdW 'c ibAwn kIqw hY: ivCVI ijMdW nUM jdoN dlIp imilAw, DwhW mwr sI roeI mzbUr mwqw[ jUVw pu`q dy isr nw vyK ky 'qy, ho geI tu`t ky cknw cUr mwqw[

ijMdW roNdI hoeI ivrlwp kr rhI sI Aqy kih rhI sI, "pu`qr! kys r`bI dyx hn qy gurU dI mohr hn[ kys ktwauxy kudrq dw ivroD krnw hY[ ieh ruhwnIAq dw pRqIk hn, srIr dw iSMgwr Aqy is`KI dI Awn 'qy Swn hn[ BweI qwrU isMG ny Awpxy isr dI KoprI kysW sxy auqwrn leI qW kbUl kr ilAw pr is`KI Aqy kysW nUM AWc nhIN sI Awaux id`qI, Bwv kys kql nhIN krn id`qy[ AYsy ihrdy vydk Sbd sux dlIp isMG ny mW dI ies jzbwqI hwLq q`k ky vwAdw kIqw[ aus ny jo bol mW ijMdW nUM khy kvI ny kivqw iv`c ieM\ icqR id`qy: A`goN ikhw mW dy crn PV ky, iPrMgI kIqw ey is`KI qoN dUr mwqw[ AMimRq Ck ky sjMU mYN isMG mwqw, shuM KWdw hW qyry hzUr mwqw[

ieh Gtnw drswauNdI hY ik duKI mhwrwxI ijMdW dy idl iv`c is`KI pRqI ikqnw pRym, Bwvnw Aqy SrDw hY[ aus dy idl ibMnHvyN bolW ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG nUM muV is`KI iv`c prp`k krw id`qw sI[

dlIp isMG ny AwpxI mW nUM ikhw, "mW! mYN qYnUM imlx leI fwFw icMqq sW pr ihMdusqwn iv`c Awauxw vI myry leI koeI Awswn nhIN sI[ sB srkwrI A&sr Aqy vlwieq dI mlkw vI ieh socdI sI ik ieh AwpxI mW nwL imL ky aunHW leI v`fI musIbq KVHI kr skdw hY[ myry bwr bwr kihx 'qy ieMfIAw Awi&s qoN sr cwrls vu`f ny iejwzq dy id`qI ik qUM jmnw dy pUrb 'c ihMdusqwn dy ielwky iv`c hI GuMm iPr skdw hNY[ BwvyN mYnUM ieh SwhI mihmwn AwK ky qopW Awid dI slwmI dy rhy hn pr AMdrKwqy ienHW dI nIqI bVI jitl hY[ AMgryz srkwr myrI hr hrkq 'qy cOksI r`K rhI hY[ mYnUM qW brqwnvI swmrwj ny ie`k kYdI dI qrHW rìKAw hoieAw hY[ hor qW hor ijs stImr iv`c mYN AwieAw hW aus iv`c vI myry iKAwl jwnx leI ienHW bMdw CìfAw hoieAw sI[ aus ny mYnUM puìCAw ik pMjwb jwx dw qyrw kI ierwdw hY qW mYN ieh au~qr id`qw, "brqwnvI srkwr myry 'qy ivSvwS nhIN krdI'[ myry AwKy ieh Sbd vI lwrf kYinMg q`k pu`j gey[' pMjwb jwx leI qW ieh kih rhy hn ik qYnUM gvrnr jnrl qoN mnzUrI lYxI pvygI[ ieh lok qW mYnUM ieh kih ky frw rhy hn ik jykr qUM pMjwb igAw qW qYnUM is`K mwr dyxgy[

mhwrwjw qy is`K &OjW mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy mhwrwxI ijMd kOr ihMd srkwr v`loN klk`qy dy spYNsz hotl iv`c Tihrwey hoey sn[ srkwr ny hotl dy cOigrd bVI BwrI puils qwienwq kIqI hoeI sI[ aus nUM fr sI ik pMjwbI koeI gdr nw mcw dyx[ iksy nUM ieh iezwzq nhIN sI ik auh mhwrwjy nUM iml sky[ pr ijauN hI pMjwbIAW nUM ieh sUh l`gI ik mhwrwjw klk`qy AwieAw hoieAw hY[ nwmvr pMjwbIAW ny drSnW leI klk`qy phuMcxw SurU kr id`qw[ iSvdyv isMG vI klk`qy, Brw nUM imlx leI phuMc igAw[ dUjy pwsy cIn dI lVweI qoN vwps Aw rhIAW kuJ is`K rjmYNtW nUM ^br imlI ik dlIp isMG klk`qy AwieAw hoieAw hY qW aunWH dy mnW AMdr vI bVI BwrI KuSI hoeI[ BwvyN auh POjI inXmW iv`c b`Jy hoey sn pr mhwrwjy dy drSnW leI aunHW dy idlW AMdr bVw cwA, mlwr Aqy joS sI[ is`K &OjI spYNsz hotl dy duAwly iek`Ty hoxy SurU ho gey[ mhwrwjw hotl dI bwlkonI iv`c KVHo 93

dovyN h`Q joV &OjIAW dw qy hwzr pMjwbIAW dw suAwgq krdw sI[ ieh dyK srkwr nUM h`QW pYrW dI pY geI[ iksy gVbV qoN fridAW vwies rwey lwrf kYinMg ny mhwrwjy nUM AwiKAw ik auh jldI qoN jldI ihMdusqwn C`f ky vlwieq leI rvwnw ho jwvy[ aus ny ieh vI hukm id`qw ik qyrI mwqw ihMdusqwn 'c nhIN rih skdI[ AsIN aus nUM do qoN iqMn hzwr swlwnw pYnSn dy ky lMkw ivKy Tihrwaux dw pRbMD kr idAWgy[ jdoN dlIp isMG ny ijMdW nUM srkwr dI ieh qzvIz d`sI qW aus ny AwiKAw, "puq`r ! mYN hux qyry nwL hI rhWgI[ qYQoN dUr rihx dI bjwie qW mYN mrnw hI psMd krWgI[ hux qW mYN qYnUM dyK ky hI ijauN rhI hW"[ gurbwxI dy vI bol hn: pUq pyiK ijau jIvq mwqw] (ñùø)

jdoN dlIp isMG ny AwpxI mwqw dI soc bwry vwiesrwey nUM d`isAw qW aus ny gvrnr jnrl nwL slwh kr ky kih id`qw ik qUM AwpxI mwqw nUM vlwieq Awpxy nwl iljw skdw hNY[ ieh hrI JMfI vI byeImwn iPrMgIAW ny ieh jwx ky id`qI ik ijMdW qW hux A`KW qoN AMnHI hY Aqy srIr p`KoN vI kw&I kmzor hY[ vwiesrwey ny iksy iksm dI gVbV qoN fridAW 19 ApRYl 1861 nUM iqAwr KVHy stImr iv`c hI mhwrwjw qy aus dI mW nUM vlwieq vl qor id`qw[ mhwrwjy dI Syr dw iSkwr Kyfx dI mnokwmnw pUrI nw hoeI[ pr ieh g`l drswauNdI hY ik mhwrwjw idl dw bVw dlyr, in`fr Aqy srIrk qOr 'qy bhuq qwkqvr sI[

ieMglYNf phuMcxw julweI 1861 nUM mW-puq ` r ieMglYNf phuc M gey[ BwvyN srkwr ny ijMdW leI lYnkwstr gyt nyVy Gr dw pRbD M kIqw hoieAw sI, pr auh dlIp isMG nwL mulgryv kYsl iv`c rihx l`gI[ kihMdy ny lyfI lwgn Awpxy iqMn b`icAW nwL Kws qOr qy mhwrwxI nUM dyKx AweI[ aus ny mhwrwxI dI sud M rqw, qh`ml mzwzI, bybwk idlI Aqy sMjIdgI bwry pihlW bhuq kuJ suixAw hoieAw sI[ ijMdW dI KUbsUrqI qW aus vkq gRihxI geI sI Aqy ishq vI kmzor sI pr lyfI lwgn ny srsrI nzr 'c jwx ilAw ik Ajy vI auh bVI cyqn M Aqy sulJy ivcwr rKdI hY[ 94

mW-pu`q dy vlwieq phuMcx auprMq lwgn ijhVw dlIp isMG dw rKvwlw bixAw hoieAw sI bwhroN im`TbolVw pr idloN Kotw hox kr ky dlIp dI hr cwl Fwl qy hrkq 'qy ingHw r`K irhw sI[ ies ny ghu nwl dyiKAw ik jdoN dw mhwrwjw ihMd qoN AwieAw hY ieh hux G`t hI igrjwGr jWdw hY[ pihlW qW ieh hr AYqvwr bVI SrDw nwl igrjy AwauNdw sI[ ies ny ieh g`l iPps q`k phuMcw id`qI[ nwl hI ieh dìsAw ik mhwrwjw lMfn dy Ajwieb Gr 'c peI nIlI ikqwb (Blue Book) qoN mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dIAW j`dI jwiedwdW dw pqw lgwauNdw iPrdw hY[ hor qW hor ieh ihMdusqwn AMdr AwpxI jwgIr sQwpq krn dI soc rKdw hY[ lgdw hY ies dI mW ieh sB kuJ isKw rhI hY[ ieh jwxkwrI lwgn ny iPps q`k phuMcw id`qI[ 4 Agsq 1861 nMU iPps ny lwgn nUM p`qr 'c iliKAw ik ijMdW dw vlwieq iv`c Awauxw swfI bd-iksmqI hY[ lwgn ikauNik srkwr dw dlwl sI ies ny sr cwrls nUM dsMbr 1861 dy p`qr 'c iliKAw, "ijMnI CyqI ho sky, mhwrwjy nUM ijMdW dy bury Asr qoN bcwieAw jwvy, Bwv aus dI SwdI kIqI jwvy[ iPps ny 16 jUn 1862 nUM ie`k p`qr ihMd srkwr nUM ByijAw ijs iv`c AMikq sI ik ijMdW nUM ihMdusqwn Awaux qoN nw roko ikauN ik ieh dlIp isMG nUM pu`TI p`tI pVHw rhI hY pr ihMd srkwr ny ies p`qr dy au~qr iv`c iliKAw ik mhwrwxI ihMdusqwn qoN bwhr hI r`KI jwvy[ ihMdusqwn phuMc ky qW auh swfy leI v`fI smìsAw KVHI kr dvygI[ dUjy pwsy mW-pu`q jdoN iek`Ty bYT ky Awpxy bIqy du`K su`K sWJy krdy sn qW is`K rwj dy ivnwS, gdwrW dI gdwrI, iPrMgI dI Pu`t pwaU nIqI, jylHW 'c su`txw, srpRsq Qwpxy, Drm prIvrqn Awid mu`K ivSy huMdy sn[ ienswn dy jIvn AMdr AwpsI g`l bwq rUh dI Kurwk huMdI hY, AOKw smW lMGwaux leI shwiek huMdI hY Aqy mn dw qxwA dUr kr idMdI hY[ ie`k idn dlIp ny mW ijMdW nUM dìsAw ik myrI nwbwlgI kwrn lwgn joVw lMbw smW srpRsqI inBwauNdw irhw hY[ ienHW mYnUM auproN auproN bVw ipAwr kIqw[ CotI aumr kr ky mYN ienHW dI hr g`l 'qy Brosw kIqw, ienHW dI hr g`l mMnI Aqy ie`k cMgy bwlk dI qrHW ivvhwr kIqw[ pr hux mYnUM mihsUs ho irhw hY ik ienHW 95

ny mYnUM bhuq vrglwieAw Aqy Awpxy pMjy iv`c jkV ky bVy tyFy qIr myry 'qy clwey[ lwgn ny mYnUM ieh isìKAw id`qI ik eIsweI bx ky Aqy ieMglYNf phuMc ky qUM cMgI ivìdAw hwsl kr lvyNgw Aqy cMgy Ahudy 'qy phuMc jwvyNgw[ inAwxypx iv`c mYN vI soicAw ik eIsweI Drm Apxw ky Aqy ieMglYNf phuMc ky mYN au~c kotI dI ivìdAw pRwpq kr ky Aqy cMgy ivvhwr is`K ky Awpxw jIvn pRPu`lq kr lvWgw Aqy ieh lok mYnUM sUJvwn smJ ky pMjwb dw rwj Bwg sMBwl dyxgy pr iehnW SYqwnW ny mYnMU pVHweI qoN vI kyvl vWJy hI nhIN rìKAw sgoN Awpxw kYdI bxw ky rìKAw[ mYN socdw sI AMgryz bVy inAWkwrI, KulH idly Aqy spSt soc vwly hn [ mYN iehnW nUM Awpxy v`lNo pUrI vPwdwrI Aqy sdBwvnw idKweI pr hux pqw lìgAw hY ik iehnW dI nIqI bVI hI kutl , DoKy vwlI, lùt, pùt qy kùt BrI hY[ flhOzI ny 16 swl dI aumr hox 'qy vI bwlg hox dw mYnMU AiDkwr nw id`qw Aqy ies leI 3 swl dI dyrI kIqI[ PqHygVH iv`c myrw l`KW dw kImqI smwn lutw id`qw[ dunIAW dw pRis`D Aqy kImqI koihnUr hIrw clwkI nwl mYQNo hiQAw ilAw[ lwgn lMmy smyN dI srpRsqI AMdr myry Dn 'qy pilAw, Bwv aus ny swrI hmdrdI myrw ^zwnw lùtx leI idKweI, jdoN kdy vI mYN Awpxw ihswb ikqwb pUrw krn dI mMg kIqI qW ies ny twL-mtoL kIqw[ brqwnIAW srkwr ny ieh soc ky ik ijMdW vwps ihMds u qwn jwx leI KihVy nw pY jwvy aus dy Kohy jyvr vwps krny mMn ley[ aus leI 3000 pONf swlwnw pYnSn vI lgw id`qI[ ieh jyvr igxqI iv`c 500 qoN vI v`D sn, ijnHW iv`c moqI jVHy hwr, sony dy it`k,y bwjU bMd, hIry qy jvwhrwq sn[ iehnw dI sUcI kYptn rynI ny bxweI sI[ ienHW nUM 21 bkisAW iv`c bMd kr ky stImiS`p iSmlw rwhIN ieMglYNf ByijAw igAw[ lwgn ny kstm rWhI jyvr Cfvwaux dw pRbD M kIqw sI[ 1862 dI g`l hY ik dlIp isMG ny ijMdW dw ic`qr bxwaux leI ic`qrkwr jwrz ir`cmONf (George Richmond) nUM bulwieAw aunWH idnW 'c &otogRwPI kYmry Ajy hoNd iv`c nhIN sI Awey[ ic`qrkwr qsvIrW h`QIN bxwieAw krdy sn[ mhwrwxI dy bhuq hI suMdr bsqr pihnwey gey[ aus dy Awpxy gihxy jo pihlW drswey gey hn gL iv`c pwey gey qy vwlW, h`QW, kMnW, pYrW Awid iv`c iSMgwry gey[ ijMdW dI 45 96

swl dI aumr iv`c ir`cmONf v`loN iqAwr kIqy pMjwbI ilbws vwlw icqr bhuq pR~clq hY Aqy mhwrwxI dy ichry dI shI id`K pRgt krdw hY[ ieiqhwskwrW muqwbk mhwrwxI dy gly dy hwr Syir-eypMjwb v`loN aus dI SwdI smyN bxwey sn[ ie`k hwr 6 AkqUbr 1999 nUM siqMdr Aqy nirMdr kMpnI ny KRIidAw sI[ dUjw hwr jo 50 kYrts (Carats) dw sI Pryzr AYNf hwvys gryfz krwaUn ijaUlrz vwilAW ny 55 hjwr do sO pONf dw vyicAw ijs ny KRIidAw aus ny Awpxw nw nhIN d`isAw[ ieh hwr dlIp isMG dI sMqwn pwsoN KRIidAw hoieAw ipClIAW do pIVHIAW qoN vycx vwilAW pws sI[

ijMdW nUM v`Kry Gr iv`c Byjxw BwvyN dlIp isMG AwpxI mW nwl rihxW psMd krdw sI qy ijMdW pu`qr nwl hI rihxw cwhuMdI sI pr inrdeI, jwhl Aqy byeImwn AMgRyzW ny AwpxI pugweI qy mW-pu`q nUM v`Krw kr ky rhy[ ienHW ijMdW nUM dlIp dy kYsl 'coN k`F ky AYibMgfn hwaUs (Abingdon House) Byj id`qw[ dlIp isMG 'qy bMdS lgw id`qI ik qUM hr roz AwpxI mwqw nUM nhIN iml skdw ArQwq kdy-kdweIN iml iskdw hYN[ ijs kmry iv`c mhwrwxI nUM rhwieS id`qI aus dIAW iKVkIAW 'qy moty pVdy lgw id`qy ijs kwrn kmry 'c hr smyN AMDyrw hI rihMdw sI[ bYTx jW sOx leI &rS 'qy hI g`dy lgw id`qy[ nOkrW cwkrW dI bolI vI smJ qoN v`KrI Aqy Kwxy vI v`Kry[ieM\ mhwrwxI ie`Qy iek`lqw kr ky hor vI icMqq ho geI[ mwno ieh irhwieS aus leI jylH hI sI[ iPrMgI v`loN aus leI ieh bMdSW, bdslUkI, byqmIzI Aqy bdmwSI BrIAW aus nUM jldI ^qm krn v`l ie`k soicAw smiJAw kdm sI[ ieh lok ijMdw idl ijMdW nUM ijauNdy jIA kMfw cu`Bx dy du`K vWg smJdy sn[ ies auprMq jdoN nvyN Gr iv`c dlIp isMG, ijMdW nUM imlx AwieAw qW aus ny duKI ihrdy nwL ieh Sbd khy, "puq`r! dunIAW ny qW dyiKAw hY, Gr myrw jldw hoieAw[ mgr iksy ny dyiKAw nhIN, idl myrw jldw hoieAw[ bytw! idl iv`c bVw cwA sI qyry nwL rih ky rihMdw jIvn bqIq krn dw pr ienHW duStW ny auh vI pUrw nw krn id`qw[ pr mYN qYnUM AslIAq d`sW, gurU Awsry myrw mnobl Ajy vI bhuq au~cw hY[ mYN ienHW hwkmW A`gy mrnw qW kbUl kr lvWgI pr Awpxw dIn iemwn nhIN vycWgI"[ 97

ijauN ijauN smW lMGdw igAw mhwrwxI dI ishq kmzor huMdI geI[ mhwrwjw h&qy iv`c do vwr mW nUM imlx AwauNdw sI[ aus ny mW dw ielwz AMgryzI dvweIAW nwl SurU krvw id`qw[ pr Asr G`t hI hoieAw[ mu`K rog ijMdW nUM pu`qr nwloN ivCoVy dI icMqw sI qy icMqw nUM icKw brwbr mMinAw igAw hY[ icMqw ibmwrIAW dI mW hY[ AMqly smyN qoN kuJ idn pihlW jdoN dlIp isMG imlx AwieAw qW ijMdW ny ikhw, "pùqr! lgdw hY hux myrw AMn-jl sMswr qoN mùkx vwlw hY[ mYnMU sMswr qoN jwx dw i&kr nhIN ikauNik mYN iPrMgI nUM bVIAW BwjVW pweIAW[ ieh mYQoN ijauNdI qoN vI frdy hn Aqy myrI mOq ip`CoN vI frngy[ myry mn dIAW kuJ KwhSW hn auh pUrIAW kr deIN[ pihlI, ieh ik myry srIr nUM ienHW duStW dy dyS iv`c nw d&nweI[ qUM aus Syr dI AOlwd hYN ijs nUM ieh lok Jukw nhIN sky[ ies leI dlyr ho ky Awpxy ipqw dI smwD kol myrw sskwr krIN[ dUjI, is`KI Dwrn kr ky dSmyS ipqw dw isMG sj jweIN[ qIjI, iehnW AMgRyzW swmHxy kdy hwr nw mMnI[ cOQI, pMjwb dI prjw nUM ienHW dI gulwmI qoN Cutkwrw pwaux leI jgweIN[ pMjvIN, ienHW ny gdwrW dI m`dd nwL kOm iv`c Pu`t pw ky, Kwnw jMgI krw ky AwpxI &Oj dy blbUqy 'qy is`K rwj hV`p ilAw qy swry Kzwny 'qy kwbz ho gey[ pr qyry ipqw dI j`dI jwiedwd kwnUMn muqwbk ieh hiQAw nhIN skdy[ aus aupr qyrw h`k bxdw hY, auh lY ky rhIN[

mhwrwxI dw idhWq kudrq dy inXm Anuswr jo jIv jMimAW hY aus dw ie`k idn AMq hoxw hI hY[ mOq aumr nhIN dyKdI r`bI hukm Anuswr huMdI hY[ AMq 1 Agsq 1863 nUM mhwrwxI ijMd kOr kYnisMgtn ivKy AYibMgfn hwaUs AMdr rwq smyN suqI hoeI pUrI ho geI[ mhwrwxI dy idhWq dI ^br suxdy swr dlIp isMG bVI gmgIn hwlq iv`c roNdw hoieAw AYibMgfn hwaUs phuMicAw[ nyVy qyVy dy ihMdusqwnI vI ijMdW dy sog iv`c phuMcy[ lwgn vI qwr imlx 'qy pirvwr smyq phuMc igAw[ mhwrwjw ny lwgn dy moFy l`g ky AwiKAw, "mW dy srIr nUM sskwr leI mYN pMjwb iljwxw cwhuMdw hY qW ik aus dI AMiqm ie`Cw pUrI ho sky[" lwgn ny brqwnvI srkwr kol jd dlIp dy ieh Sbd phuMcwey qW 98

srkwr ny hukm kIqw ik mhwrwjw AwpxI mW dy imRqk srIr nUM pMjwb nhIN iljw skdw[ ies nwL pMjwb iv`c gVbV ho skdI hY[ ies qrHW ijMdW v`loN pu`qr nUM mrn qoN pihlW khy hoey bol ik 'iPrMgI mYQoN ijauNdI qoN vI frdw hY Aqy myrI mOq ip`CoN vI frygw' shI ho gey[ srkwr v`loN jvwb imlx 'qy ijMdW dy imRqk srIr dw ieSnwn krvw Aqy bsqr pihnw ky ArQI iv`c itkw id`qw[ ieh soc ky ik jd qIk ijMdW nUM pMjwb iljwx dI iezwzq nhIN imldI qd q`k aus dw srIr kYNsl grIn dy SmSwn Gwt fweIsYNtr cY~pl iv`c r`Kx dw ivcwr kIqw[ swrIAW rsmW krn auprMq Aqy srIr nUM TIk r`Kx leI rswieixk pdwrQ lgw ky ie`k bksy 'c bMd kr fweIsYNtr cYp`l iv`c itkw id`qw[ bksy kol ie`k p`Qr dI slyt 'qy gurmuKI A`KrW 'c Kudvw id`qw, 'ijMd kOr'[ dI tYlIgRwP sMfy julweI 26, 2009 (The Telegraph Sunday July 26, 2009) jo lMfn 'c Cpdw hY, iv`c Kbr CpI ik 1997 iv`c jdoN nw vrqoN iv`c Aw rhy purwxy kbrsqwn (kYNsl grIn fweIsYNtr cYp`l dI murMmq SurU hoeI qW au~QoN putweI smyN mhwrwxI ijMd kOr dy nW dw ic`tw p`Qr inkilAw[ pItr bYNs ilKdy hn ik mYnUM Pon kIqw igAw ik qusIN Awau Aqy pVoH ies 'qy kI iliKAw hoieAw hY[ jdoN mYN Aw ky piVHAw qW gurmuKI A`KrW iv`c aus 'qy 'ijMd kOr' iliKAw hoieAw sI[ ieh p`Qr ic`ty rMg dw hY[ is`KI rsmW Anuswr imRqk srIr dw dwh-sMskwr kIqw jWdw hY[ sMn 1885 q`k kYnisMgtn ivKy dwh sMskwr krnw gYr knUMnI sI[ mhwrwjy ny AwpxI mwqw dI AwKrI KwhS pUrI krn leI srkwr nUM keI p`qr ilKy [ AwKIr 6 mhIny ip`CoN 1864 dy mOsm bhwr smyN srkwr v`loN ieh hukm AwieAw ik qUM AwpxI mwqw dw sskwr ihMdusqwn iv`c bMbeI dy nyVy iljw ky kr skdw hYN, pMjwb 'c nhIN iljw skdw[ brqwnIAW dI srkwr ijs dy rwj iv`c sUrj nhIN sI iCpdw Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM mhwn qwkqvr sdwauNdI sI aus dw ienswP dyKo ie`k imRqk AOrq dw sskwr vI aus dI ie`iCAw Anuswr nhIN krn dy rhI sI[ ies qoN v`fw zulm, isqm Aqy AinAW hor kI ho skdw hY? 99

ijMdW dy imRqk srIr nUM ihMdusqwn ljwx leI jdoN iezwzq iml geI qW 1864 iv`c kYNsl grIn ivKy mhwrwjy nwl duÌ&#x20AC;K sWJw krn leI Aqy mhwrwxI dy srIr dI rvwngI leI iek`T hoieAw[ mhwrwjy ny c`lx qoN pihlW phuMcy pqvMqy, nOkrW-cwkrW Aqy srkwr dw DMnvwd kIqw[ iPr stImiSp rwhIN bMbeI phuMicAw[ ihMd srkwr dw hukm AwieAw ik qUM bMbeI dI h`d pwr nhIN kr skdw[ srkwr ny mhwrwxI dy sMskwr leI nrbdw ndI dy kMFy aujwV ijhI QW 'qy sB pRbMD kIqw hoieAw sI[ ieh QW nwisk ivKy pMcvtI dy lwgy sI[ srkwrI krmcwrI mhwrwxI dI ArQI bYNf bwjy nwl au~Qy lY ky gey[ gRMQI isMG dy Ardws krn qoN ip`CoN dlIp isMG ny icKw nUM Agn ByNt kIqw[ Agly idn isvw TMFw hox 'qy aus dy Asq cugy Aqy rwK ndI iv`c pw id`qI[ ieiqhwskwrW dy kQn Anuswr mhwrwxI dy Asq bMbeI dy imaUzIAm iv`c r`Ky gey[ auprMq is`KW ny sskwr vwlI jgHw 'qy smwDI vI bxweI[ ieh smwDI 1924 q`k kpUrQlw styt dy ADIn rhI[ mhwrwjw qW audws mn nwL bMbeI qoN jhwz rwhIN vlwieq nUM qur igAw[ aus dy mn iv`c ieh g`l itkI rhI ik mYN mzbUrI kr ky Aqy srkwr dI bdnIqI kwrn AwpxI mW dI mMg, ipqw rxjIq isMG dI smwD lwgy sskwr krn sMbMDI pUrI nhIN kr sikAw[smW bIqdw igAw mhwrwjy ny ivAwh vI krvw ilAw[ aus dy lVky lVkIAW vI hoeIAW[ aus ny g`lW bwqW 'c Awpxy bìcAW nUM dìsAw hovygw ik mYN AwpxI mW dI lwhOr ivKy ipqw dI smwD kol sskwr krn dI ieìCAw pUrI nhIN kr sikAw[ brqwnIAW srkwr ny mwqw dy imRqk srIr nUM lwhOr ivKy iljwx qy pwbMdI lgw id`qI sI[ mhwrwjy dI v`fI lVkI bMbw sudrlYNf (1869-1957) jo bMbw mUlr dy pytoN 29 sqMbr 1869 nUM jnmI Aqy Syir-ey-pMjwb dI ku`l iv`coN AwKrI DI ijauNdI sI, auh bwAd 'c lwhOr Aw ky vs geI[ ieh lMfn iv`c pVHI ilKI Aqy icqRklw dI mwhr sI[ lwhOr ivKy ies ny AYfvrf kwlj, lwhOr dy ipRMsIpl fwktr fyivf vwtrz nwL SwdI krweI[ ieh BwvyN ivdySI sI pr isAwxI, suhj, guxvMqI Aqy mwqw ipqw dIAW g`lW 'qy Aml kr ky aunHW nUM isry cVHwaux dI soc rKdI sI[ ies ny 1924 iv`c ihMdusqwn dI srkwr A`gy ArzI id`qI

100

ik myrI dwdI mhwrwxI ijMd kOr dIAW AsQIAW jo bMbeI dy Ajwieb Gr 'c peIAW hn auh mYnUM id`qIAW jwx[ mYN ieh lwhOr iv`Ky Awpxy dwdw jI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI smwD kol r`KxIAW hn[ srkwr ny ieh soc ky ik dlIp isMG vI hux ijauNdw nhIN, is`KW nUM AsIN is`KW dy gurduAwirAW dy pRbMD leI is`KW dI 'SRomxI gurdvwrw pRbMDk kmytI, AMimRqsr' vI bxw id`qI hYY[ ijs kwrn is`KW dy mnW iv`c swfy pRqI pihlW vrgw ros nhIN hY Aqy bMbw vI nrm suBwA dI hY, AsQIAW dyxIAW mnzUr kr id`qIAW[ ieh AsQIAW pRwpq krky bMbw ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI smwD kol DrqI mW dy ByNt kr ky AwpxI dwdI mW dI AMiqm ie`iCAw 'qy Pu`l cVHw id`qy[ bMbw suMdrlYNf ny lwhOr jo mwfl twaUn hwaUs 'guljwr' iv`c rihMdI sI mIr krIm bKS sprw nUM Awpxw sk`qr bxwieAw[ krIm bKS aurdU, &wrsI dw mwhr sI[ ies dI m`dd nwl bMbw ny is`K rwj sMbMDI kwPI icqR Aqy hor vsqW sMBwlIAW[ 10 mwrc 1957 'c bMbw dw idhWq hoieAw[ ies dy Gr iv`c krIm bKS rihx l`g ipAw[ ieh vsqW A`j vI lwhOr dy iklHy iv`c 'SihzwdI bMbw dy sMgrih' (Princess Bamba's Collection) dy nW hyT suSoBq hn[

101

AiDAwie 6 dlIp isMG ny mW ijMdW dI nsIhq 'qy Pu`l cVHwauxy mhwrwxI sMswr qoN clI geI[ aus dw spUq sB rsmW kr ky bMbeI qoN vlwieq vl c`l ipAw[ rsqy 'c socW socdw ik k`l-mk`ly leI hux jIvn ibqwauxw AOKw ids irhw hY ies leI jIvn swQI dI zrUrq hY[ jdoN ie`k vwr ieh pihlW 1856 'c iskMdrIAw (Alexandria) igAw sI qW ies nUM AmrIkn imSn iv`c bMbw nW dI A`lVH kuVI jo aus smyN 15 ku swl dI sI psMd AweI[ dlIp isMG ny aus qoN Awpxy nwl ivAwh krwaux dI jdoN rwey pu`CI qW aus ny jvwb dy id`qw sI[ auh kyvl ArbI jwxdI sI qy AMgryzI nhIN sI smJdI[ pr kuJ smW ip`CoN bMbw ny mn bdl ilAw Aqy mhwrwjy nUM Xwd kr smW ibqwaux l`gI[ ie`k vwr dlIp nUM imSnrIAW dw p`qr imilAw ik bMbw qYnUM ivAwh sMbMDI jvwb dy ky pCqw rhI hY Aqy qyrI Xwd iv`c hr smyN inrwS rihMdI hY[ ieh bMbeI qoN jWdw hoieAw imsr iv`c iskMdrIAw ruk igAw[ bMbw nUM ipAwrI, suMdr Aqy cMgy suBwA dI smJ ky aus dy mwipAW nUM imilAw[ bMbw ies nUM dyK Pu`lI nhIN sI smw rhI[ Agly idn (7 jUn 1864) mhwrwjw bMbw nUM swdw qy Swndwr rsm leI brqwnvI s&wrqKwny lY igAw[ auh AwpxI ikqwb iv`c ilKdw hY ik bMbw Awpxy kwLy vwlW 'c cmk rhIAW sMqrI klIAW nwL bhuq mnmohxI lgdI sI[ ieh klIAW aus dI ic`tI puSwk nwl suhxw myl imlw rhIAW sn[ mYN aus dy jwlIdwr burky rwhIN aus dw sohxw ichrw dyK skdw sI, jdoN aus ny ArbI BwSw 'c swdw ibAwn piVHAw[ ivAwh dI rsm auprMq AsIN bMbw dy ipqw lufivMg mulr dy Gr bwkI Dwrimk rsmW leI iek`Ty hoey[ iPr AsIN kuJ idn pqI pqnI vjoN AlYgjYNfrIAw qoN kuJ mIl dUr gm`lA iv`c rhy[ jdoN bMbw nUM lY ky mYN ieMglYNf phuMicAw qW lyfI lynw lwgn, ivdyS mMqrwly vwLy Aqy hor bVy hYrwn hoey[ keI vwr mYN lyfI lwgn nUM T`Ty mKOl krn smyN kih idMdw sI ik bMbw, kurm dI bytI gOrMmw nwloN ikqy sohxI hY[ Asl iv`c bMbw dIAW A`KW myrI mW vWg bhuq suMdr sn[ aus dw rMg gulwbI 102

sI Aqy ArbI iv`c bMbw dw Bwv vI gulwbI hI sI[ aus ny myry nwL cMgI pqnI vWg s`cw ipAwr kIqw[ AsIN AYlvfY~n hwl nUM suMdr sjw ky cMgw jIvn bqwaux l`gy[ swfy Cy b`cy hoey, iqMn pu`qr ivktr dlIp isMG, PYRfirk dlIp isMG qy AYfvrf dlIp isMG Aqy iqMn pu`qrIAW ims bMbw, soPIAw Aqy kYQrIn[ dosq rOnI kr ky dlIp isMG lMfn dIAW keI au~GIAW kl`bW dw mYNbr bx igAw[ ie`k vwr ies dy dosqW ny ies nUM ivtbweI dI sIt 'qy cox lVn leI ikhw[ pr dlIp isMG dy kMnI ^br peI ik milkw-ey-Awizm ny hwaUs-Aw&-kwmnz 'c myry dwKly nUM pRvwngI nhIN id`qI[ so mYN ieh PYslw iqAwg id`qw[ ie`k vwr mhwrwxI ny AwiKAw qYnUM swmMq (jwgIrdwr) bxw idMdy hW pr mYN ies nUM psMd nw kIqw[ kuJ icr ip`CoN ifaUk myry kol AwieAw Aqy PurmwieAw ik milkw ivktr nUM v`fw swmMq Aqy PYRfirk nUM Cotw swmMq bnwauxw cwhuMdI hY[ dlIp isMG kihMdw mYN ifaUk nUM sw& sw& d`s id`qw ik BwvyN AsIN milkw nUM psMd krdy hW pr mYN qy myry pu`qr pihlW is`K hW[ scweI ieh hY ik hux cwplUsI nwL mYnUM mUrK nhIN bxwieAw jw skdw[ dlIp ilKdw hY ik mYN ipRMsp (Princep) dw 'is`KW dw iliKAw ieiqhws piVHAw, brqwnvI Ajwieb Gr 'c keI dsqwvyz, &weIlW Aqy bilXU buks pVHIAW[ mYN auh sB smJ igAw jo myrI mW mYnUM kihx dI koiSS krdI sI, mYN kyvl rwj Bwg hI nhIN sI gvwieAw sgoN Awpxw Drm, Awpxy lok, AwpxI jIvn SYlI vI guAw cu`kW sW[

dlIp isMG v`loN AMgryzW dI inAW nIqI bwry drswauxw mhwrwjy dy bol sn, "mYN Cy b`icAW dw bwp hW[ mYN ie`k au~cI hYsIAq vwly ienswn vWg jIivAw ijvyN AMgryzW ny aus nUM isKwieAw sI[ myrw bwp ihMdusqwn dy SkqISwlI rwijAW 'coN qwkqvr Aqy DnwF sI[ mYN Syir-ey-pMjwb dw vwirs hW[ mYnUM ieh XkIn krnw isKwieAw sI ik sB AMgryz, sB eIsweI inrp`K Aqy inAW psMd huMdy hn[ mYN bhuq sbr nwl qy dlIl pUrvk Awpxy mukdmy sMbMDI kys 103

dI siQ`qI srkwr A`gy spSt kIqI pr iksy ny myrI g`l nw suxI[ mu`K kysW iv`c pihlw kys pYnSn vDwaux sMbMDI sI[ 20 meI 1859 nUM srkwr ny mhwrwjy nUM ie`k p`qr 'c iliKAw sI ik hux Awp nUM 2.5 l`K rupey swlwnw imilAw krngy jd ik sMDI Anuswr 4 qoN 5 l`K dy dirimAwn swrI aumr pYnSn dyx dw vwAdw sI[ 3 jUn 1859 nUM mhwrwjy ny pùiCAw ik ieh pYnSn mYnUM swrI aumr q`k hI imlygI jW ies dw kuJ ih`sw myrI aumr q`k hI imlygw[ ies p`qr dy au~qr iv`c 24 AkqUbr 1859 nUM cwrls vùf ny iliKAw, 2.5 l`K rupey swlwnw iv`coN 1.5 l`K mhwrwjy nUM ijMdgI Br imlxgy Aqy ie`k l`K rupeIAw jmHW rhygw ijs dI Awmdn vjoN 30 hjwr rupey swlwnw mhwrwxI nUM qy ip`CoN mhwrwjy dI AOlwd nUM imlxgy[ mhwrwjw pYnSn dy sMbMD iv`c cwrls vu`f nUM iPr imilAw[ 20 jnvrI 1860 nUM ilKq hoeI 'mYnUM myrI izMdgI q`k 2.5 l`K rupey swlwnw imldy rihx[ 20 l`K Awbwd hox leI imlx qy aus au~pr myrI AOlwd dw h`k hovy[ AOLwd nw hox dI hwlq iv`c myrI swrI jwiedwd ihMdusqwn iv`c lok-BlweI vwsqy ^rc hovy[ pr ies ilKq sMbMDI srkwr twL-mtol krdI rhI[ AwKIr 26 julweI 1862 nUM srkwr dy sk`qr ny iliKAw ik mhwrwjy nUM 2.5 l`K pYnSn qoN ielwvw 10 l`K 50 hzwr rupey jwgIr KRIdx leI imlxgy[ ies pYsy nwL hYdrup Astyt KRIdI geI[ ieM\ gujwry B`qy leI bVw lMbw smW kys cldw irhw[ dUjI mMg mhwrwjy dI 1857 gdr dy v^q dI sI ijs iv`c mhwrwjy dw &qih gVH ivKy qkrIbn 2.5 l`K dw smwn luìtAw igAw sI[ pr ies dy bdly srkwr ny kyvl 30 hzwr rupey dyxy cwhy jo mhwrwjy ny lYx qoN ienkwr kr id`qy[ aus AwiKAw, "srkwr hI mYnUM qy myry smwn nUM PqHygVH lY ky geI sI[ myry smwn dI rKvwlI leI srkwr dI izMmyvwrI sI[ aus dw &rz bxdw hY ik auh mYnUM hoey nukswn dy pUry pYsy dyvy[ iesy qrHW GrylU jwiedwdW, lwhOr drbwr dy qoSyKwny iv`coN 1849 iv`c 15 l`K rupey dy vycy hIry, jvwhrwq Awid dw ihswb ikqwb 104

dyvy"[ ienHW mMgW sMbMDI mhwrwjy ny tweImz (Times) A^bwr dy AYfItr nUM 31 Agsq 1882 iv`c ilK ky id`qw Aqy CipAw[ AwKIr qy bynqI kIqI , "hy nyk idl eIsweI Drm nUM mMnx vwly AMgryzo! AwpxI kOm dI nyknwmI dw sdkw-ijs kOm dw kudrqI mYNbr hox dw mYnUM mwx hY, myry nwL iensw& qy KulH idlI vwLw slUk kro, ikauNik iksy koloN kuJ Koh lYx nwloN, aus nUM kuJ dyxw r`b nUM vDyry BwauNdw hY[" sohx isMG sIql ny AwpxI pusqk 'duKIey mW-pu`q' iv`c ieh ic`TI hU-b-hU CwpI hY[ auh ilKdy hn ik ieh ic`TI kOm dy nyk bMidAW swhmxy rihm qy iensw& dI ApIl sI, pr ies dw au~qr bVy kOVy qy koJy SbdW iv`c 'tweImz' dy AYfItr ny id`qw, ijs ny mhwrwjy dy idl 'qy s`t mwrI[ pr eIvwns bY~l ny AwpxI ikqwb "The Annexation of the Punjab and the Maharaja Duleep Singh) 'c rwey idMidAW ieh mMinAW ik h`k dI mMg krnI vwjb hY, qy aus nUM iqAwgxw Drm ivru`D hY[.....mhwrwjy nUM h`k hwsl hY, qy auhdw Prz vI hY ik 1849 dy Aihmdnwmy dIAW SrqW Anuswr auh Awpxy qy AwpxI AOlwd Aqy h`kdwrW-ijnHW v`loN aus ny dsq^q kIqy sn dy lwB leI lVy (dwAvw kry)[ iesy qrHW krnl mYlIsn AwpxI ikqwb 'Decisive Battles of India' iv`c pMnw 397 'qy ilKdw hY, "1846 dw Aihdnwmw drswauNdw hY ik mhwrwjy dy 16 swl dw hox q`k AMgryzI srkwr ny Awpxy ^ws A&srW nUM is`K rwj dy hr mihkmy iv`c hr qrHW dy AKiqAwr sONp id`qy hn[ ieh Aihdnwmw ij`Qy AMgryzI srkwr nUM pMjwb iv`c Amn bhwlI leI izMmv y wr bxwauNdw sI, au~Qy mhwrwjy dI rKvwlI qy srpRsqI dI g`l drswauNdw sI[.... aus inrdoS bwlk, aus Coty mhwrwjw, ijs dy h`kW dy AsIN rKvwly sW, aus dlIp isMG vwsqy aus dI pdvI dy Anuswr swnUM aus dy guzwry dw prbMD zrUr krnw cwhIdw sI[ jy ieh mMn ilAw jwvy ik AsIN aus dw rwj Koh lYx iv`c cMgw kIqw hY qW auhdIAW GrogI jwgIrW AsIN iks inAW nwl jbq kIqIAW[ ieh svwl hY, ijs nwl mulk dI iezq dw sMbMD hY[ aus dI ieh mMg s`cI hY ik kI rwj Koh lYx 'qy sdw rihx vwlI GrogI jwiedwd zbq kr lYx dy bdly iv`c ie`k AsiQr jIvn q`k pYnSn dy dyxI kw&I hY[ 105

jdoN tweImz dy AYfItr ny mhwrwjy dIAW mMgW pRqI ivroDqw kIqI Aqy srkwr ny nyk nIqI, audwrqw qy inAW vl koeI iDAwn nw id`qw qW mhwrwjw bybsI qy gu`sy dw iSkwr ho bwgI surW Alwpxw l`g ipAw[ auh ieMglYNf nUM C`f ihMdusqwn iv`c rihx leI socx l`g ipAw[ aus nUM ijMdW mW dy khy Sbd Xwd Awaux l`gy[ Sbd sn "myry lwl, mYN auh idn dyKx leI Swied ijauNdI nw rhW pr jd shI vkq AwieAw, hwlwq Awpxy Awp ieho ijhy bx jwxgy ik qYnUM AwpxI mrzI dy iKlw& ieMglYNf C`fx leI mzbUr hoxw pvygw"[

dlIp isMG ny KMfy-bwty dI phul Ckxw jdoN mhwrwjw dlIp isMG Aqy mhwrwxI ijMdW 1861 iv`c 13 swl ip`CoN kl`kqy imly sn qW mW ny dlIp dy isr 'qy kys nw mihsUs kr ky bhuq pScwqwp kIqw sI[ ijMdW ny dlIp nUM smJwieAw-pu`qr ijs gurU nwnk dyv jI dI bKSI is`KI ^wqr pMjvyN gurU Arjn dyv jI ny, gurU qyg bhwdr jI ny ShwdqW dy id`qIAW, gurU goibMd isMG jI ny srbMs vwr id`qw Aqy Axigxq isMGW ny kurbwnIAW id`qIAW Aqy dyeI jw rhy hn qUM is`KI iqAwg ky v`fw gunwh kIqw hY[ qyry ipqw nUM is`K rwj siqgurU dI ikRpw sdkw pRwpq hoieAw sI[ qW dlIp ny ikhw sI, "mW myrw Drm prIvrqn myrI AxBolqw iv`c hoieAw[" ausy qrHW qIjI nsIhq jo ijMdW ny Awpxy lwl nUM id`qI auh sIpu`qr iPrMgI dy A`gy kdy hwr nw mMnI BwvyN qUM ikMnw vI AOKw ikauN nw hovyN[ AimRqpwn krn auprMq siqgurW dI id`qI is`iKAw ik gurU dw is`K isdkI huMdw hY[ is`K 'qy isdk kdy v`K nhIN kIqy jw skdy[ sicAwr guris`K dI zmIr qS`dd A`gy nhIN JukdI[ auh qW SmSIr dI inAweIN ho kOm dI qsvIr Aqy qkdIr bxwauNdI hY[ ieh SkqI gur SbdW 'coN aupjdI hY ikauNik gurU Sbd 'c pRBU vsdw hY[ is`KI dw mUL gurbwxI hY[ ieh bwxI mwno swx rUp ho ky idl qy idmwg nUM iq`Kw Aqy Awpxy PrzW pRqI idRV krw idMdI hY[ brqwnIAW srkwr ny mhwrwjy nUM ihMdusqwn jwx qoN rokx leI pihlW 44 hzwr pONf shwieqw vjoN dyx leI burkI pweI[ mhwrwjy

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ny mW dy bolW nUM mu`K r`iKAw, loB nUM pry vgwh mwirAw Aqy srkwrI Dn lYx qoN nWh kr id`qI[ ros vjoN mhwrwjy ny pYnSn lYxI vI bMd kr id`qI[ aus smyN aus ny srkwr nUM sw& sw& kih id`qw ik hux iksy iksm dI cwplUsI jW lwlc dy ky mYnUM mUrK nhIN bxwieAw jw skdw[ qusIN myry rKvwly sI[ s`cw su`cw rKvwlw Awpxy pu`qr dIAW jVHW nhIN v`Fdw[ ibgwnw hI ieh kMm krdw hY[ hux mYN gurU dw is`K bx igAw hW[ hux mYnUM quhwfI dOlq dI koeI pRvwh nhIN Aqy nw hI ieMglYNf 'c AwpxI hYsIAq Aqy sMpqI dI[ qusIN ibnw vwrMt mYnUM igRPqwr kr ky Adn 'c rok ilAw[ myry 'qy bwgI, ienklwbI Aqy gdwr hox dIAW qUhmqW lw rhy hoN[ hux mYN Awpxy dwAvy C`fx leI iksy kwgz 'qy dsq^q nhIN krWgw[ mYN Awpxy vqn prqx leI idRV hW[ myrw ierwdw hux pihlW nwloN bhuq mzbUq hY[ jykr ihMdusqwnI sihzwdy isMDIAw, hOlkr qy hYdrwbwd dy inzwm vrgy ihMdusqwn 'c AwpxI mrzI Anuswr KulyH Awm GuMm iPr skdy hn qW myry 'qy pwbMdI ikauN lgw rhy hoN? hor qW hor myry 'qy srkwr ny Awpxy sMbMDIAW Aqy pMQk sKSIAqW nwL p`qr ivhwr krn 'qy vI rok lw r`KI hY[ mhwrwjy ny vwiesrwey lwrf fbirn nUM qwr dOrwn ieh AwiKAw, “mYN Ajy vI jo qusIN cwhuMdy ho krn leI iqAwr hW, pr qusIN mYnUM ihMdusqwn jwx qoN nw rooko[“vwiesrwey ny au~qr id`qw, “qyry leI swrw XUrp KulHw ipAw hY, jykr cwhyN qW Adn iv`c vI rih skdw hYN" Bwv auh mYnUM ihMdusqwn AMdr vVn dyxw nhIN sI cwhuMdw[ jdoN mhwrwjy ny dyiKAw ik hux pwxI pulW au~qoN dI lMGx l`gw hY qW aus ny Adn qoN PrWs vl nUM mUMh kIqw[ PrWs dy v`fy vzIr nUM bynqI kIqI ik mYnMU ihMds u qwn iv`c pWfIcrI phuc M w idau pr brqwnIAW srkwr dw p`K pUrdy hoey aus ny hW nw BrI[ aus auprMq dlIp isMG jrmn pu`jw[ au~Qy pwsport Aqy swrw swmwn corI hox kwrn v`fI sm`isAw KVHI ho geI[ brln (jrmn) qoN Awpxw nwm qy sB hwlwq ilK ky mwsko (rUs) dy 'mwsko gzt' AYfItr nUM Byjy[ aus ny mhwrwjy dw mwsko phuMcx dw pRbMD kr id`qw[ ApRYl 1887 iv`c dlIp isMG mwsko phuMc igAw[ hux mhwrwjy dy mn iv`c AMgryzW pRqI iGRxw pYdw ho geI[ auh bdlw lYx dI Bwvnw dy rONA iv`c sI[ rUs qoN mhwrwjy 107

ny ie`k p`qr lyfI lwgn nUM iliKAw ikauNik lwgn (mhwrwjy dw rYzIfYNt) qW mr cu`kw sI[ p`qr iv`c mhwrwjy ny iliKAw-ieh bVI hwso-hIxI g`l hovygI, jy mYN Awpxy Awp v`loN 'myrI ipAwrI lyfI lwgn' kih ky Awp nUM sMboDn krW jW Awpxy Awp nUM Awp dw AwigAwkwr[ kih ky ilKW'[ AY lyfI! aus dlIp nUM Bu`l jw, ijs nUM qUM kdy jwxdI sI ikauNik hux auh mr cu`kw hY, qy aus dI QW koeI hor ijauNdw hY[ jy ikDry qyrw koeI irSqydwr vI mYdwny-jMg iv`c myry swmHxy Aw jwvy qW mYN aus nUM golI nwL aufw idAwgW, ijvyN iksy hor AMgryz nUM[ sRI mqI jI! pYsy dI pUrqI bdly mYN Awpxw svYmwn kurbwn nhIN kr skdw[ mYN do byVIAW 'qy pYr Dr ky nhIN Klo skdw[ A`j qoN mYN quhwfy nwL hr qrHW dw p`qr ivhwr bMd kr irhw hW (Lady Login's Recollection, Page 264)[eysy qrHW mhwrwjy ny Awpxy im`qr krnl boielIaU (Colonel Boileau) nUM p`qr iliKAw[ myry bhwdr krnl Swied mYN qy qusIN mYdwny-jMg iv`c imlIey' ikauNik ies AxhoxI 'qy hox dI Aws lgdI hY[ ivcwrw jOhn lwgn, jy auh hux ijMdw ho jwvy, qW myrw iKAwl hY, auh Agly pl iv`c kbr AMdr hovygw[.....Awh! ikauNik ie`k kdm XUrp-Xu`D ......kI qusIN ies g`l 'qy Brosw kroNgy ik mYN AwpxI CotI ijhI &Oj BrqI kr ky ihMdusqwn jw irhw hW, kI myry vwsqy ie`k buJwrq nhIN? myrIAW Su`B ieCwvW, jo qusIN ie`k AxKI bwgI koloN svIkwr kro (Lady Login's Recollection, Page 265)[ dlIp isMG dy ieh Sbd sux ky milkw-ey-Awzm nUM ieh ^br qyzI nwL phuMc geI ik auh rUsIAW kol jw irhw sI[ ijhVw p`qr aus ny mYnUM ByijAw auh moh qoN s`Kxw nhIN sI[ aus ny p`qr iv`c auhnW idnW dI g`l CyVI jd mYN suMdr qy AwkrSk lVkw sW Aqy ieMglYNf 'c myrI jIvn SYlI swry BwrqI SihzwidAW leI ie`k nmUnw sI[ p`qr dy au~qr iv`c....mYN aus nUM ikhw, "auh myry pRqI idAwlU rhI sI Aqy ieh g`l mYN AwpxI mOq q`k Xwd r`KWgw[ pr hux mYN mwx m`qy is`K vjoN JukWgw nhIN Aqy krmW dy sB is`itAW dw izMmyvwr hovWgw (jlwvqnI pMnw 250)[ 108

AYsI huMdI hY ie`k AxKI, suGV Aqy sUJvwn mW dI s`cy mn nwL byty nUM id`qI nsIhq[ SwbwSy mhwrwjy dy ijs ny du`KVy JlidAW vI AwpxI mW dy bolW nUM AMq q`k inBwieAw[ rUs 'c bYiTAW nUM hI mhwrwjy nUM ^br imlI ik mhwrwxI bMbw mUlr clwxw kr geI hY[ aus dI mOq sux mhwrwjy dy idl 'qy gihrI s`t v`jI[ sMn 1887 iv`c hI dlIp isMG nUM Awpxy ccyry Brw Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw ijhVw aus dw pUrw smrQk sI dI mOq dw gihrw gm hoieAw[ auDroN rUs dy bwdSwh ny vI m`dd dw Brosw nw id`qw[ cOOQI nsIhq ijMdW dI sI, pMjwb dI prjw nUM jgwaux dI qWik iPrMgI dI gulwmI qoN Cutkwrw pwieAw jw sky[ AMimRq Ckx auprMq mhrwjy ny srdwr ArUV isMG nUM ikhw, "qusIN Awm AwdmI vWg pMjwb jwau, pMjwbIAW iv`c ivcro Aqy ieh sMdyS Gro Gr phuMcw idau ik hux qusIN Awpxy AwgU qoN vWJy nhIN hoN[ Awpxy smr`QkW dw pqw lgwau Aqy dyKo kOx kOx ivroD krn vwly hn[ Agsq 1887 iv`c dlIp isMG ny pMjwbIAW nUM 'Awpxw mws qy lhU' smJidAW hoieAW ihMdusqwn dy AKbwrW iv`c Awpxw lyK vI CpvwieAw[ ies lyK dy Sbd sn, "myry ipAwry pMjwbIE! igAwrW swl dI aumr iv`c AMgryzW ny mYQoN pMjwb Koh ilAw, qy D`ky nwL Aihdnwmy au~qy dsqKq krwey[ hux mYnUM auh Aihdnwmw prvwn nhIN[ mYN suqMqr bwdSwh vWg rUs dIAW &OjW dI m`dd nwL Awpxw rwj vwps hwsl krn vwsqy ihMdusqwn Awaux vwLw hW[ myrI ApIl hY ik hr ihMdusqwnI ie`k pYsw qy pMjwbI ie`k Awnw pRqI mhInw myry leI PMf iv`c jmHw kry[ Twkr isMG ny vI mhwrwjy dy pMjwb phuMcx dI ^br phuMcw id`qI sI[ pMjwb dI prjw qW dlIp isMG dy drSnW leI bVI auqwvlI sI pr ihMdusqwn dy rwijAW ny mhwrwjy dI ApIl vl koeI iDAwn nw id`qw ikauNik sB iPrMgI dI kTpu`qlI sn[ ieh rwjy qW mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy nwL vI nhIN juVy sn[ PrWs Aqy rUs v`loN vI koeI m`dd nw imlI[ Awpxy v`loN dlIp isMG ny pMjwb dw rwj hwsl krn leI bVI ihMmq qy B`j-dOV kIqI, pr iksmq ny swQ nw id`qw[ gurU swihb dy vI mhW bol hn:

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ibn krmw ikCu pweIAY nwhI jy bhuqyrw Dwvy]

jIvn 'c kuJ pRwpq krn leI hOslw kr ky kdm A`gy nUM pu`txw pYNdw hY[ pRwpqI dy rsqy iv`c AnykW AOkVW J`lxIAW pYNdIAW hn[ pRwpqI nw huMdI dyK ky keI vwr audwsI dw Awlm BwrU ho jWdw hY[ mMizl 'qy nw phuMc skx dw BYA vI mn iv`c KOrU pwauNdw hY[ mhwrwjy dI hwlq vI aus smyN AYsI hI sI[ bMdy dy jIvn iv`c ij`q-hwr huMdI hY pr idl vwly ienswn kdy hwr nUM hwr nhIN mMndy[ kvI hrIbMs rwey bcn dy bol hn: koiSS krn vwloN kI kBI hwr nhIN hoqI[ lihroN sy fr kr kBI nOkw pwr nhIN hoqI[ nMnI cItI jb dwnw lykr clqI hY cVHqI hY dIvwroN pr sO vwr iPslqI hY mn kw ivSvwS rgoN myN swhs Brqw hY cVH kr igrnw, igr kr cVHnw nw A~Krqw hY AwiKr aus kI imhnq bykwr nhIN hoqI[ koiSS krn vwloN kI kBI hwr nhIN hoqI[

mhwrwjw BwvyN dubwrw is`K rwj dw q^qo qwj hwsl nhIN kr sikAw pr pMjwbIAW nUM ies imhnq sdkw, iPrMgI nUM dyS 'coN k`Fx leI pRyrnw dy igAw[ AwKIr 95 pRqISq pMjwbIAW ny AwpxIAW kurbwnIAW dy ky i&rMgI nUM ihMdusqwn 'coN Bjw id`qw[ pMjvIN nsIhq jo ijMdW ny dlIp nUM id`qI auh sI, myry ipAwry Aqy dulwry lwl, iPrMgI ny gdwrW dI m`dd nwL BwvyN is`K rwj 'qy kbzw kr ilAw pr qyry ipqw dI j`dI jwiedwd 'qy qyrw h`k hY auh kwnUn M I qOr qy srkwr hV`p nhIN skdI[ mW dI pRr y nw nUM muÌ&#x20AC;K r`K dlIp isMG ny sMDI dIAW SrqW nUM bwr-bwr pVH ky ieh q`Q k`iFAw ik ies rwhIN kyvl is`K rwj vwlI jwiedwd hI zbq nhIN kIqI geI sI nw ik myrIAW in`jI jwgIrW[ myry vkIlW ny pMjwb dy zmInI irkwrf nUM GoKx leI ie`k pRqIinD (Agent) ByijAw sI[ aus Anuswr gujrWvwlw dy 61, gujrwq 'c 10, jyhlm 'c 55 Aqy isAwlkot dy 18 ipMf in`jI qOr 'qy myry nW 'qy sn[ ies qoN ielwvw ipMf dwdur KW dIAW lUx dIAW

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KwxW qy r`b jwxy hor iknw kuJ [ ie`klw lUx dIAW KwxW dw mwmlw lg pg 45000 pONf swlwnw hY (jlvqnI pMnw 208)[ bIbI jI (ijMd kOr) ny spSt qOr qy mYnUM d`isAw sI ik swry jyvrwq, koihnUr hIrw, jMg dy hiQAwr myry ipqw dw mKOtw qy sony dI kursI sB j`dI hn[ ienHW kuJ jyvrwq qy hiQAwr Awpxy sYinkW nUM ienwm vjoN vMf id`qy[ sYinkW nUM KuS krn leI jMg iv`c duSmx dIAW KohIAW cIzW qW id`qIAW, mYN koeI ienHW dw duSmx nhIN sI[ mYN virHAW qoN kcihrIAW iv`c ienHW dI pRwpqI leI D`ky Kw irhw hW[ jy trWsvwl boierz nUM vwps id`qw jw skdw hY qW myrw rwj Bwg ikauN nhI? G`to G`t myrIAW in`jI jwgIrW hI mYnUM dy dyx qWik mYN cYn nwl jIvn bqIq kr skW[ scweI myry v`l sI pr iensw& nhIN[ mYN prmwqmw A`gy bynqI krdw hW ik ies KulH-idl Awpxy Awp nUM iensw& dyx vwly bMidAW dy mulk AMdr G`to G`t ie`k pqvMqw, iensw& psMd, nyk AMgRyz qW inkly jo pwrlImYNt iv`c myry h`k 'c boly[ nhIN qW jd myrw lu`tx vwlw srpRsq, j`j, vkIl qy ijaUrI AMgRyz kOm Awp hI hY, qW mYnUM iensw& dI Aws kI ho skdI hY? gurbwxI dy bol hn: ijs hI kI srkwr hY iqs hI kw sB koie]

ieh iviQAw pVH ky s`cy su`cy ienswn dy klyjy 'c fob pYNdy hn[ auh dlIp isMG DMn sI ijs ny ieh sB kuJ shwirAw[ rUs qoN inrwS ho mhwrwjw PrWs (France) Aw igAw[ AYfw nW dI kuVI dlIp isMG nUM lMfn dy hotl iv`c pihlW imlI sI[ auh bVI ipAwrI, koml suBwA vwlI Aqy moh 'c rMgI hoeI bwlVI sI[ iPr auh dlIp isMG dy PrWs iv`c hox kr ky au~Qy phuMc geI[ Awps iv`c ipAwr hox kr ky mhwrwjy ny AYfw. fI. hYdirl nwL 20 meI 1889 nUM SwdI krw leI[ ies SwdI auprMq AYfw dy do bytIAW pwiln Aqy eIrIn hoeIAW[ kuJ smyN bwAd dlIp isMG ieMglYNf cilAw igAw[ b`icAW dw moh aus nUM ie`Qy iK`c ilAwieAw[ AYlvyfn vwly Gr 'c bMbw nUM nw dyK

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ichry qy audwsI sI[ aus leI ieQy phuMcx dw mksd ieh vI sI ik aus dI AYfw nwL SwdI kwnUMnI mMnI jwvy Aqy myry mrn auprMq bìcAW nUM pYnSn bhwl ho sky[ ies qoN ielwvw mhwrwjw bMbw dI kbr 'qy aus dI Xwd iv`c jwxw cwhuMdw sI ijhVI AYlvy~fn dy pws hI sI[ AwiKr nUM dlIp isMG iPr PrWs phuMc igAw[ BwvyN auh kihMdw sI ik mYN bùFw nhIN hW, myrw hOslw vI bulMd hY pr ibmwrI kwrn srIr kw&I kmzor ho cu`kw sI[ bìcAW ny aus 'qy zor pwieAw ik ipqw jI qusIN ieMglYNf rho[ dlIp isMG ny au~qr iv`c AwiKAw, "mYN ieQy mrnw nhIN cwhuMdw[ ieh dyS myrw v`fw duSmx hY[ mhwrwjy ny AwpxI vsIAq 'c ieh iliKAw sI ik ij`Qy myrI mOq hovy au~Qy hI dPnw id`qw jwvy qy ieM\ lgdw hY, mOq pYirs iv`c hI hovygI[ myry jnwjy nUM ijMnw ho sky swdw qy ssqw r`Kxw[ AwÎr 23 AkqUbr 1893 nUM mOq qy jIvn nwL Gol krdw Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy mhwrwxI ijMd kOr dw lwl pYrs dy grYNf hotl (Grand Hotel) iv`c clwxw kr igAw[ hotl vwilAW ny mhwrwjy dI mOq bwry brqwnvI dUq Gr nUM ^br dy id`qI[ dUq Gr vwilAW ny mhwrwxI ivktorIAw nUM sUicq kIqw[ aus ny ivktr nUM aus dy ipqw dI mOq bwry dìsAw[ ivktr, AYfw, PrYfI….pYirs phuMc gey[ mhwrwjy dy srIr kol Pu`lW dy guldsqy, puSp mwlwvW Awid ByNt kIqIAW[ BwvyN mhwrwjy ny ikhw sI ik ij`Qy myrI mOq hovy mYnMU au~Qy hI dPnw dyxw pr aunWH dy v`fy puq ` r ny ikhw, “ipqw jI nUM , AYlvyfn ` mhwrwxI bMbw dy pws hI dPnwauxw hY[ dlIp isMG dI imRqk dyh nUM pihlW ikSqI iv`c itkw pwxIAW qoN pwr kIqw Aqy iPr ryl g`fI rwhIN QYtPorf iljwieAw igAw[ AMiqm ikirAw smyN mhwrwjy nUM jwnx vwLy lok lMfn qoN Awey[ prvwr dy mYNbr, mlkw ivktorIAw dI numwieMdgI krdy v`K v`K bMd,y ipRs M Aw& vylz (jo bwdSwh AYfvrf s`qvW bixAW), PrWs dw v`fw vzIr Awid mhwrwjy nUM AMiqm ivdwiegI kihx Awey[ aus smyN dlIp isMG dw srIr Pul ` W nwL lìdAw hoieAw sI[ ieM\ 29 AkqUbr 1893 nUM AYlvyfn ` mihl dy nzdIk vwly kbrsqwn iv`c mhwrwjy nUM d&nwieAw igAw[ dws vI 2006 iv`c AwpxI pqnI smyq vIr gurdrSn isMG syKNo nwL dlIp isMG dI Xwdgwr dyKx igAw[ ies igrjy dy kbrsqwn 112

iv`c mhwrwjw dlIp isMG, mhwrwxI bMbw mUlr Aqy Coty pùqr AYfvrf dIAW, iqMn kbrW lwgy lwgy hn[ iksy ny ienHW qy kuJ idn pihlW Pu`l cVHwey hoey sn[ ieQy phuMc ky mhwrwjy qy mhwrwxI dI Xwd swnMU vI qwzw ho geI[ mhwrwjy dI bMs drswauNdI hY ik dlIp isMG dy A`T b`cy (3 byty 5 bytIAW) sn pr hYrwnI dI g`l jW r`bI Bwxy Anuswr A`goN iksy dy vI AOlwd nhIN hoeI[ nvqyj srnw ny Awpxy nwvl 'jlwvqnI' dI AMiqkw iv`c iliKAw hY, “Swied ieh vI DuroN ilKI hoeI sI jW ies iv`c vI koeI swmrwjI h`Q sI[ AwiKrkwr, ieh g`l jwxI-pCwxI hY ik mhwrwxI ivktorIAw ny ivktr (dlIp isMG dy v`fy pu`qr dI mhwrwxI) dI pqnI nUM hukm id`qw ik auh kdy b`cy nw jxy[ Swied swfy pMjwb nUM jlwvqny mhwrwjw dI isrP Xwd hI nsIb hoxI sI”[ ies qrHW Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy mhwrwxI ijMdW dy spu`qr mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy prvwr dw bVw hI AxoKw Aqy ihrdyvyDk AMq hoieAw[ pr prvwr dy kIqy mhwn kwrnwimAW sdkw A`j vI hr pMjwbI dy mn AMdr aunHW dI Xwd qwzw hY Aqy aunHW dy nW roSn munwry vWgUM cmk rhy hn[ A`j dy pdwrQvwdI Xu`g AMdr ijMdW vrgIAW mwvW dI zrUrq hY ijhVIAW Awpxy DIAW pu`qrW nUM mhwn is`KI ivrsy bwry nsIhq dyx qWik aunHW dw jIvn s&l ho jwvy[

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AiDAwie 7 swrMS is`KI AMdr AOrq dw ruqbw bVw mhwn hY[ iksy vI smwj dI vf`qxqw mwpx dw sB qoN shI pYmwnw isAwixAW ny AOrq nUM igixAw hY[ jy koeI buJwrq pw ky puC ` y ik dunIAW AMdr auh ikhVI cIz hY, ijs iv`c kmwl dIAW cub M kI SkqIAW hn jo hr ie`k nUM Awpxy v`l iK`c vI pwauNdI hY Aqy rMg iv`c vI rMg lYNdI hY qW sihjy hI jvwb imlygw, AOrq[ AOrq Gr dI Awn, Swn Aqy jwn hud M I hY[ pr ieh zrUrI hY ik sw& BWfy dI qrHW aus dw ihrdw sw&, isrVI Aqy blvwn hov[ y ieh gwQw drswauNdI hY ik mhwrwxI ijMd kOr (ijMdW) is`K kOm AMdr ie`k bhuq hI AlOikk Aqy AlbylI mUrq qy sUrq vwlI sKSIAq hoeI hY[ ies ny Awpxy Amol, Afol Aqy AxK Bry guxW sdkw is`K rwj nUM bcwaux leI Aqy iPrMgI nUM pMjwb 'coN Bjwaux leI ienklwbI Awvwz bulMd kIqI qy duKVy shwry pr gdwrW ny ies dIAW ieCwvW 'qy pwxI Pyr id`qw[ AMgryzI hkUmq ijs dw aus smyN qkrIbn swrI dunIAW 'qy rwj sI Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM bVI SkqISwlI khwauNdI sI[ mhwrwxI ny aus nUM AMqly swhW q`k hI nhIN blik mOq auprMq vI v^q pweI rìKAw[ iesy kr ky lwrf flhOzI vrgy mMny-prmMny vwiesrwey ny ijMdW bwry iliKAw, " ieh bVI iq`KI Aqy fUMGI soc vwlI hY, ies nUM pMjwb 'c r`Kxw AMgryzW leI ^qrnwk hovg y w"[ ifaUk Aw& vwilMgtn dy Sbd sn, "bwlk dlIp isMG dI mW mrdW vwLI dlyrI rKdI hY"[ mhwrwxI dI cmqkwrI soc bwry lyfI lwgn ny vI iliKAw ik myry swmHxy ijMdW auh AOrq sI ijhVI kdy is`K rwj dI Awqmw igxI jWdI sI[ aus dy husn, isAwxp, rwjsI kwrnwimAW qy Awqimk bl dIAW khwxIAW jgq pRis`D hn[ aus ny swfI swlW b`DI dlIp nUM id`qI isìKAw 'qy plW iv`c hUMJw Pyr id`qw[ aus ny Awpxy svYmwn nUM sdw leI kwiem rìKAw"[

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hYnrI lwrMs jo ijMdW dw p`kw ivroDI sI ny vI ie`k ibAwn 'c AwiKAw ik mhwrwxI ies mulk (pMjwb) iv`c swfI nIqI dI v`fI duSmx hY Aqy bVy idRV ierwdy vwlI hY[ aus ny hr g`loN myrw ivroD kIqw[ pr du`K dI g`l ieh hY ik swfy hI keI ieiqhwskwrW ny mhwrwxI nUM bysmJ, rwjnIqI qoN hIxI, glq &Ysly lYx vwlI Aqy A`KV znwnI ibAwinAw hY[ keIAW ny ies nUM hiqAwrI q`k ilK id`qw ik ies ny Awpxy Brw jvwhr isMG dy sskwr smyN kuJ znwnIAW nUM aus nwL sqI hox leI zor pwieAw[ jo Awpxy pqI nwL sqI nhIN hoeI auh dUijAW 'qy AYsw dbwA ikvyN pw skdI hY? ieh g`l mhwrwxI dy ivroDI fogirAW ny ijnHW gdwrI dw isrw kr id`qw sI, &YlweI[ sohx isMG sIql Anuswr keI ieiqhwskwr Swh muhMmd dw jMgnwmw pVH ky ilKI jWdy hn ik ijMdW ny Awpxy Brw dw bdlw lYx leI is`K rwj dw q^qw pltwieAw[ AKy mhwrwxI ny bwrUd dI QW &Oj nUM sroHN Byj id`qI[ Asl iv`c ieh gdwr gulwb isMG dI BYVI krqUq sI[ aus smyN dy qyjw isMG, lwl isMG vrgy lUx hrwmIAW ny, jo is`K &Oj dy mu`KI sn, mhwrwxI nUM bdnwm krn leI ^brW &YlweIAW Aqy sux suxw ky Swh muhMmd ny ilK id`qw[ ipAwrw isMG pdm vI ilKdy hn ik ieh sB fogirAW dw pRwpygMfw sI[ kI rwxI ijMdW ieh nhIN sI jwxdI ik is`K &Oj dI qbwhI dw ArQ aus dy pu`qr mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy rwj dI qbwhI hY? qy aus dI AwpxI qbwhI hY? A`j vI AwpW dyK rhy hW ik smyN dIAW srkwrW dy rwjnIqk bMdy Awpxy ivroDIAW 'qy ic`kV ikvyN su`tdy hn? v`K v`K sMcwr swDn vI srkwrW dw hI p`K pUrdy hn ikauNik aunHW dy isr 'qy hI pldy qy c`ldy hn[ pr ijnHW ilKwrIAW dy AMdr kOmI ipAwr hY, Drm nwL sWJ hY Aqy AslIAq 'qy pihrw dyx vwly hn aunHW ny mhwrwxI dI soc, aus v`loN J`ly duKVy Aqy kIqy kwrnwimAW nUM q`k ky bhuq vifAwieAw hY[ nvqyj srnw ilKdy hn ik ijMdW dI Awvwz bVI kVkvIN Aqy murdy idlW 'c jwn pwaux vwLI sI[ aus dI soc bVI AwdrSk Aqy AwkrSk sI[ aus dIAW A`KW dy qyj Aqy m`Qy 'qy nUr sdkw hr koeI srdwr aus A`gy Jukdw sI[

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hrcMd isMG bwgVI ny AwpxI kwiv rcnw 'pMjwb dI AxKmhwrwxI ijMdW' iv`c mhwrwxI nUM ieM\ slwihAw hY: mhwrwxI sI DMn loko, dlyr b`cI auh AxK pMjwb dI sI[ sUJvwn, isAwxI qy sw&-swaU, dUr-AMdyS auh byihswb dI sI[ rxjIq isMG dI mihbUbw qy mhwrwxI, totw cMn dw p`qI gulwb dI sI[ hrcMd isMGw hnyirAW sMG jUJI, auh qy bx ky ikrn mqwb dI sI[

Professor Nicky Gurinder Kaur Singh, Colby College, Maine U.S. says, "Jindan was remarkable in how she discarded Sati and Pardah dominant at that time, and led the courts, had meeting with chief minister and armies. Bwv pRo&Ysr in`kI guirMdr kOr isMG jo XUnweItf styt mYnI dy kolbI kwlj iv`c pVHwauNdI hY ny AwiKAw, "ijMdW bVI AlOikk sI ijs ny sqI Aqy prdy dIAW rsmW ijhVIAW aunHW idnW iv`c pRc`lq sn nUM pCwiVAw[ aus ny kcihrI lgweI, cI& minstr Aqy &OjdwrW nwl mIitMgW kr ky glbwq kIqI[ hrpRIq kOr gryvwl ny 4 AkqUbr 2015 nUM 'gwrfIAn' AKbwr jo lMfn iv`c Cpdw hY iv`c lyK rwhIN imcl isMG kYloPornIAW v`loN bxweI iPlm 'Rebel Queen-A Thorn in the Crown' (bwgI mhwrwxI qwj iv`c ie`k kMfw) sMbMDI jwxkwrI id`qI[ aus ny AMikq kIqw, "mhwrwxI ijMdW bVI inDVk qy ijgry vwlI sI ijs ny iPrMgI ivr`uD jUJ rhIAW is`K &OjW nUM h`lw SyrI id`qI[ aus dI duKWq BrI khwxI nOjvwn iesqrIAW iv`c nvIN rUh Brn vwlI Aqy jIvn syD dyx vwlI hY[ aus ny ieh vI iliKAw ik Bwrq AMdr pusqkW iv`c JWsI dI rwxI lkSmI BweI bwry qW kwPI kuJ drz hY pr mhwrwxI ijMdW nUM pUrn qOr 'qy A`KoN proKy kIqw igAw hY[ ihMdusqwn dI ies AwKrI mhwrwxI dw ivSwl is`K rwj sqluj dy iknwirAW qoN d`rw KYbr q`k 116

PYilAw hoieAw sI[" ieh iPlm sB qoN pihlW inaUXwrk dy AMqr rwStrI iPlm auqsv iv`c idKweI geI sI[ srdwr iv`kI isMG ny ies nUM bnwaux leI 25000 XU. AY~s.ey. fwlr (15,500 pONf) id`qy sn[ aus dy vI Sbd hn ik mhwrwxI ijMdW iensw& Kwqr Aqy is`K rwj dI bhwlI dy GoL AMdr ie`k qyj`svI Aqy bhwdrI dw icMnH hY[ ikRstI kYNpbYl ny mhwrwjw dlIp isMG dy sMbMD 'c ilKI pusqk (Chirsty Compbell, Author of the Maharaja's Box -An Imperial ' Story of Conspiracy, Love and Guru's Prothecy) iv`c ijMdW bwry ieM\ ibAwinAw: Jindan was one of the most remarkable character of 19th century history.... British regarded her as an serious obstackle to British rule in India. They launched a smear compaign to discredit her, painting her the Messalina of the Punjab, a seductress too rebellions to be controlled. Bwv mhwrwxI ijMdW aunIvIN sdI iv`c ihMds u qwn jW is`K ieiqhws dI ie`k bhuq au~GI s^SIAq sI[ brqwnvI srkwr ihMdusqwn AMdr c`l rhy Awpxy rwj Bwg leI ies nUM ivSyS AiVkw pwaux vwlI smJdI sI[ ies leI aus ny ies nUM bdnwm krn dI muihMm AwrMBI[ ies nUM klMikq krn leI pMjwb dI msIhw, Cl-bL vwLI, ivdrohI grdwinAW Aqy brqwnIAW srkwr ny ies nUM n`Q pw ky r`Kx leI AwiKAw[ pItr bYNs ny 2009 iv`c mhwrwjw dlIp isMG sMbMDI ikqwb, "Sovereign, Squire and Rebel: Maharaja Daleep Singh and the Heirs of a Lost Kingdom" "Jindan was a thorn in the side of the East India Company would be an under statement. She had kept the British at bay for decades. Moreover, she was instrumental in organising Sikh resistance to the British in first and second Anglo-Sikh wars. A frail looking women, who was nearly blind, was no longer a force to be reckoned. But she reminded her son of who he was and where his kingdom really lay." 117

Bwv ijMdW pRqI kyvl ieh kih dyxw ik auh eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI leI ie`k kMfy dI inAWeI sI, ibAwn pUrw Fu`kvW nhIN[ aus ny qW iPrMgI nUM keI dhwky Gbrwht 'c pweI r`iKAw[ aus ny pihlI Aqy dUjI AYNglo-is`K jMg iv`c AMgryzW nUM pCwVn leI is`K &OjIAW nUM j`QybMd kr ky ie`k qkVy shwiek vjoN rol inBwieAw[ AwKIr 'c BwvyN auh srIrk qOr qy kmzOr ho geI sI Aqy A`KW qoN qkrIbn AMnHI sI qy kuJ krn qoN Asmr`Q sI pr aus ny Awpxy pu`qr nUM Xwd krvw id`qw ik auh kI sI? Aqy ausdw Asl rwj-Bwg ik`Qy hY? Furthermore Jindan had an iconic status. She was the last one to stand upto the British. She is the first Sikh lady whose film is made in the United Kingdom. hor qW hor ijMdW dw imAwr bhuq auckotI dw sI[ auh AwKrI dm q`k AMgryzW dy ivru`D lVI[ brqwnIAW iv`c auh pihlI is`K iesqrI hY ijs au~pr i&lm bxweI geI hY[ so mhwrwxI ijMd kOr (ijMdW) is`K kOm dI mhwn nwiekw sI[ aus dy ihrdy AMdr kOm pRsqI qy dyS BgqI BrI hoeI sI[ pMjwb dI DrqI Aqy smUh pMjwbIAW pRqI auh AQwh SrDw, ipAwr Aqy iK`c r`KdI sI[ mhwrwxI bhuq rUpvMq, guxvMq A`qy sqvMq hox kr ky Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny aus nUM AwpxI 'mhwrwxI' dw i^qwb id`qw[ aus ny Awpxy jIvn AMdr A`q dy du`KVy JlidAW bVI suGVqw, isdk Aqy swhs nwL sB izMmyvwrIAW inBweIAW[ mhwrwjy dI mOq ip`CoN ijMdW dw jIvn BwvyN bVIAW muSklW, JgiVAW qy bKyiVAW nwL iGr igAw pr aus ny koeI prvwh nw kIqI[ auh SyrnI rUp ho iPrMgI dy swhmxy KVHI qy AVI[ AMgryzW ny BwvyN aus nUM nMnHy ijhy dlIp isMG qoN v`K kr id`qw, dyS inkwlw dy id`qw Aqy aus dI hyTI krn leI A`fI cotI dw zor lwieAw pr aus ny eIn nw mMnI[ ijMdW dy bol bVy gihry, ipAwry, inAwry Aqy cmqkwrI sn[ AYsy bolW dI AwkrSx SkqI kwrn hI aus dy spUq mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ny eIsweI m`q iqAwg ky dubwrw is`KI Dwrn kr leI Aqy AMimRqpwn kr ky isMG sj igAw[ mhwrwxI dI duKWq BrI jIvn gwQw bhuq hI

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pRyrnw sRoq hY Aqy ieiqhws AMdr ie`k cwnx munwrw hY[ ieh g`l ilKx iv`c vI koeI AqkQnI nhIN hovygI ik mhwrwxI ijMd kOr ny Bwrq dI AwzwdI leI coKw rol Adw kIqw[ aus dy ienHW mhwn guxW Aqy GwLI sKq Gwlxw kwrn is`K styjW 'qy ijMdW dy sohly gwey jWdy hn Aqy gdwrW nUM iPtkwrW pweIAW jWdIAW hn[ du`K dI g`l ieh hY ik pMQk lIfrW Aqy pMjwb dIAW srkwrW ny mhwrwxI nUM aus dw bxdw mwx qy siqkwr nhIN id`qw[ brqwnIAW dI AMgryzI hkUmq ny syir-ey-pMjwb dI mhwrwxI ƒ ijs qrHW K`jl-KuAwr qy zlIl kIqw, aus ƒ jylHIN suìtAw, pu`qr qoN v`K kIqw, dyS inkwlw id`qw Aqy aus nwl bdslUkI kIqI bVI hI ihrdyvydk Gtnw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw aus dy pu`qr mhwrwjw dlIp isMG ƒ aus dI mwq-BUmI, mW-bolI Aqy mW qoN pry kr ky ivìdAw qoN hIxw, Drm qbdIl krky Aqy j`dI jwiedwd hV`p ky k`KW qoN hOlw kr id`qw, bVI v`fI byiensw& vwlI bwq hY[ hYrwnI ies g`l dI vI hY ik aus dy A`T bìcAW iv`coN iksy dy vI A`gy AOlwd nw hoxw SYqwnI BrI kwrvweI jwpdI hY[ ieh ies leI ik aus dI vMS dw koeI jIA kwƒnI kwrvweI krky lu`ty Kzwny dI mMg nw kr sky[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw rwj ikauNik ‘is`K rwj’ sI[ ies leI aus dy rwj dI smUh sMpqI is`K kOm dI sI[ so A`j is`K kOm dw Prz bxdw hY ik auh iek`qr ho ky dunIAW dI v`fI Adwlq jW brqwnvI pwrlImYNt qoN mhwrwxI Aqy mhwrwjy nwl kIqy Axmnu`KI slUk bwry muAw&I mMgwey[ ijs qrHW kInIAW dy lokW ny kƒnI lVweI lV ky brqwnIAW srkwr qoN 1950 dy mwau mwau AMdoln (Mao Mao Rebellion) ijs iv`c prjw ’qy BwrI qS`dd kIqw igAw sI dI muAwPI 2014 iv`c mMgweI Aqy hoey nukswn dw muAwvzw ilAw[ iesy qrHW kYnf y w dI srkwr ny kwmwgwtw mwrU dI drdnwk Gtnw jo 23 meI 1914 ƒ vwprI sI dI muAw&I pwrlImYNt iv`c 18 meI 2016 ƒ mMgI[ dunIAW dw pRis`D koihnUr hIrw jo nwbwlg dlIp isMG qoN aus smyN dI mlkw ny SYqwnI nwl mhwrwjy ƒ vrglw ky Awpxy kbjy iv`c kr ilAw sI is`K kOm ƒ vwps kr dyxw cwhIdw hY[ aus hIry ƒ is`KW

119

dy mhwn Aqy piv`qr AsQwn sRI hirmMdr swihb dy qoSoKwny iv`c suSoBq kr dyxw cwhIdw hY jykr AMgryz kOm Awpxy Awp ƒ s`cI su`cI Aqy ienswP psMd AKvwauNdI hY[ ieM\ mhwrwxI dI iv`CVI rUh ƒ BwrI skUn imlygw[ ieh hY ijMdW mhwrwxI dI drd BrI Amr gwQw[ ijs nUM pVH sux Juk jWdw hr pRwxI dw mwQw[

120

bMswvlI

Syir-ey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG bu`D isMG (mOq 1716) noD isMG (mOq 1753)

cMdw isMG sMDwvlIAw

cVHq isMG (mOq 1774)

Aqr isMG

mhW isMG (mOq 1792)

lihxw isMG

rxjIq isMG (1790-1839)

AjIq isMG

mhwrwxIAW

pu`qr

Twkr isMG (Awid)

mihqwb kOr Syr isMG (1807-1843), qwrw isMG rwj kOr KVk isMG (1802-1840), nO inhwl isMG (mOq 1840) dXw kOr kSmIrw isMG Aqy ipSOrw isMG cMd kOr nO inhwl isMG (1820-1840) rqn kOr mulqwnw isMG ijMd kOr (ijMdW) dlIp isMG (4 sqMbr 1838 qoN 22 AkqUbr 1893) (DI mMnw isMG AOlK) bMbw mulr (SwdI 1864)

AYfw. fI. kYdirl (1889-1926) (1869-1930)

ivktr (lVkw 1866-1918) pwiln (lVkI 1887-1915) PrYfirk (lVkw 1868-1926) eIrIn (lVkI 1889-1926) bMbw (lVkI 1869-1957) kYQrIn (lVkI 1871-1942) soPIAw (lVkI 1871-1942) Albrt AYfvrf (lVkw 1879-1893) sroq jlwvqnI, nvqyj isMG Aqy AwKrI lmhy dI dwsqwn AmirMdr isMG) 121

pusqk prmwx gMfw isMG (1989) pMjwb au~qy AMgryzW dw kbjw[ pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw[ hrcMd isMG bwgVI (2012) pMjwb dI AxK mhwrwxI ijMdW [ pRkwSk qrlocn pbilSrz, cMfIgVH sYktr 15-3236) sohx isMG sIql (2013) mhwrwxI ijMdW[ pRkwSk lwhOr bu`k Swp , nyVy suswietI isnymw, luiDAwxw[ sohx isMG sIql (1999) duKIey mW-pu`q[pRkwSk lwhOr bu`k Swp , nyVy suswietI isnymw, luiDAwxw[ sohx isMG sIql (1931) mhwrwjw dlIp isMG, sIql pusqk BMfwr, sIql Bvn, mwfl grwm, luiDAwxw[ nvqyj srnw (2012) jlwvqnI[pRkwSk pMjwbI Bvn, luiDAwxw[ iqRlok isMG quPwn (2005) jlwvqn mhwrwjw dlIp isMG[ pRkwSk ^wlsw swihq sdn[ muhMmd lqIP (1994) pMjwb dw ieiqhws 2, Anuvwdk gurmuK isMG, pRkwSk srqwj ipRitMg pRYs, jlMDr[ hIrw isMG drd (1975) krm isMG ihstorIAn dI ieiqhwsk Koj[ pRkwSk is`K ieiqhws rIsrc borf, SoRmxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, SRI AMimRqsr[ ikrpwl isMG bfUMgr (2015) pMjwb dI ijMdw-idl mhwrwxI ijMd kOr[ mwisk gurmiq pRkwS ijld 59 AMk 5 Aqy 6 pMnw 4955 qy 98-107. Drm pRcwr kmytI, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr[ ismrn kOr (1996) ijMd kOr[ mhwrwxI ijMdW, pRmu`K sKSIAqW, sMpwdk rUp isMG, Drm pRcwr kmytI, SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr, pMnw 180-183 ipAwrw isMG pdm (1990) sMKp y is`K ieiqhws (1469-1989), pRkwSk klm mMidr loXr mwl, pitAwlw[ 122

Swh muhm M d (2005) jMgnwmw ihMd-pMjwb cyqnw pRkwSn, pMjwbI Bvn, luiDAwxw[ AYfItrz-Swh cmn qy guriekbwl isMG[ AmirMdr isMG (2010) AwKrI lmhy dI dwsqwn, lwhOr drbwr dw cVHdw qy fu`bdw sUrj, lwhOr buks 2, lwjpq rwey mwrikt, luiDAwxw[ Suri Sohan Lal (1858-59). Umdat-ut. Twarikh Bell Evans (1882). The Annexation of the Punjab and Maharaja Duleep Singh, London. Khushwant Singh (1966). A History of the Sikhs. Vol II, Princeton. Gill Avtar Singh (1983). Lahore Darbar and Rani Jindan, Ludhiana. Smyth, G. Carnnichoel (1970). A History of the Reiging Family of Duleep Singh (Reprint 1970). Ganda Singh ed. (1977). History of the Freedom Movement of the Punjab (Maharaja Duleep Singh). Harbans Singh (1996). The Encyclopedia of Sikhs Vol. II (EL-I) Punjabi University, Patiala. Hasrat, B.J. (2015). Jind Kaur Maharani, The Encylopedia of Sikhism, Punjabi University, Patiala. Cunnigam, J.D. (1997). History of the Sikhs. Bansal Boby Singh (2010). The Lions's Firanghis Europeans at the Court of Lahore. Caronet House, London. Christy Compbell ( ). The Maharaja's Box: In Imperial Story. I love and Gurus Prothecy. Peter Bance (2009) Sovereign, Squre and Rebel: Maharaja Duleep Singh and the Heirs of Lost Kingdom. Anita Anand (2015) Sophia : Princess Suffragette Revolutionary. Grewal, Harpreet Kaur (2010) Rebel Queen: A Thorn in the Crown. The Guardian, 31 December 2010.

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