The spokesman weekly vol 29 no 48 july 28, 1980

NEW DELHI-28th July, ~980

Vol. 29 No. 48

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Price : 50, Paise

AKALI DEMAND FOR AUTONOMY BEING· MISCONSTRUED ' ~ ' More Financial Powers Sought By Many Parties And ,States In criticising tbe Akali demand for an increased' dose of autonomy, Punjab~hief Minister Darbara Singh was on a week wicket. He also ,sought to give a new 'political colouring to an otherwi~e just cause.

Without its consent, no project, however minor, can be initiated, much less consummated . ' .

Akalis want that each state the reverse will be more true. should be allowed to plan its own Discontent, now simering in development with" its resources without any restraints the various states over the centre controlling everything, is not a from the centre. Where lie§ the healthy sign. It is bound to burst mischief in this plea? And why one day. Thus, the remedy lies" must the centre stand in the way of a st(!,te marshalling its in satisfying the states" 'u rge for more say in their own affairs. ' funds, skilled ~ 'manpow.er ,god e,nerg"y for projects ,which it The pla'nning commISSIOn cQDsiders more beneficial for its controls every development work. populace?

In fact, Punjab is beiag puoished for generating prdsperity within its confi,oes. It is being, given less central assistancl:! than its due under the argument that it is miles ahead of other states in many spheres and the latter' need more help. This amounts. to rewarding lethargy and indolence. .Now that we . ha.ve CODgress (I) ministries at the centre· a'nd ,in Punjab, Sardar Darbara. . Singh would be ,well advised to' get the step-motherly treatment to the state ended.

Of course, he did concede that there was great validity in the states having more control over their own financial strings. He also said th(lt if the states ' needed more funds from the centre for their developmt:nt, "the doors are open for talks".

There are . two aspects of demand for more autonomy to the states. One is political and the other economic.

OUrs is a federal structure.

Duri ng the freed om struggle, 1 all important Congress leaders had been promising full autonomy to the states, with the centre keeping only a handful of . ' . subjects. But when the constituThe central government has done pr~cious 'little bosses shied away, declaring tion of free India was being drafted, the Hindu lobby, which to implement two most important recommendations of that the matter needed "closer was predominant both , in the Minorities Commission Whose report for 1978 was scrutiny": numbers and influence, insisted 1 h On the 's econd recomruendaon a strong centre. The result placed in .parliament recent y. T ese were: tion, union government's' is that the states, as West Bengal. , First, steps should be taken banned RSS "sbakh'a s" in memorandum ora-ction is not as Cbief Minister Jyotl Basu saiQ to discourage the organisation public places.

Others have pllrposive or forthright as it this ·week, "have been reduc'ed of para~mi1itary training camps turned , the proverbhil ' Nelson's could be. It invokes the al!-party to mere municipaliti'es". The along communal lines. ' eye to this menace. consensus reached at the jibe is that if a chief minister has Secondly, "all textbooks, in This v.irus is borne out , by the Nati~al Integration Council in to sneeze, he has to seek New schools and colleges which tend increase in communal violence 1968 and refers soporifically to Delhi's permission. ' to fost.er in young minds a sense .in 1979 when 384 incidents tOQk SCtJe steps taken by various From this is born the of communal hatred or .hostility, place with 261 cas\lalties.. r. central agencies on the vetting crescendo for more powers to must be replaced.

Many would , ag~ee with the of controversial textbooks. the states. Shiromani Akali Dal's . RepJying to the debate on '-,.~i that RSS sheuld be given . Granted, the task of vetting now-famous Anandpur Sahib demands for his ministry in the more time to m\ip,d its ways ' and ' reyiritiog textbooks bristles Resolution ' wanted the centre .. Lor< Sabha this week, Union before the govetllm'el),t ' could with difficulties. It is the domain to keep only defence, externaJ , Home Minister Zail Sihgh left think of banning it. He even of academics' rand bureaucrats. ' affairs, communications and the first . suggestio,n to ,the: sollghttiJ.e \lelpofHigdu liberals But the state must see to it that currency and transfer all other discretion of the states under like 'Mf Atal . BeharVVajpayee in ." the prescribed . , ·books " do:" not' subjects to the states. This plea the plea that the subject relJ persuading the ' R$'S to change poison the ' minds . Qf . ~hild:r~n . has been taken up by many other ·' within their province.

The " ifs thinking and mode of working. ,against peoPle belonging ' \10 . parties and states. At least four minorities commission's dart was But a tiger can change its spots · communities other tban " thtir state assemblies have passed aimed at, the "shakhas" organised but not tbe RSS men. They are own. The gD:verpme.n-t, must ,,'s,ay resolutions upholding the above by the RSS, which are ao dyed too deep in the utopian 'lnot this one" even ' ~ben ' -it stand. The Akalis have, however, anachronism in secular India. slogans of "Hindu" Hindi and does not want to · produce put their resolution in cold Though the requisite amendment Hindnstan". At one time they officially-inspireC:; literature · "of storage for the time being. to the Indian Penal Code was' argned that all Indians, irres- any kin<\: ; ,::.\ It is , nah'ete to argue that made in 1972, tbe statesbave pective of their faith, were Sikhs ' have ~ be~ .'. pr01esWlg demand for political autonomy done little or' nothing to give "Hindus". But when 'the questiop against 'many di;stoJ.t~ooas, .:)n will encourage secessionist efr~ct ,,·,to it. Only two states, arose of admitting non~Hindus textbooks . io . Mab~ra~b.~a,. tendencies in the country. Rather, Uttar P/adesh and Kerala, have mto tbe RSS . membership, the .

(Contin'",ed ()n~e~tpagek ,

Government Dilly-DaUyi)fg On Minorities Commission s ·:Q.ecommendations Sikb Grouses Remain Untackled And ',Unredressed ~

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THE "SPOKESMA N" WEEKLY.

Government Grilled Over Crime Situation

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28th July, 1980

. Mystery About A Sikh's .

Disappearance In Kanpur

Dr. Rajinder Kaur, Member Rajya Sabha recently took part The family members and close hired to get rid of him. in the . calling attention motion in the House towards atrocities relatives of a missing railway Another theory . is that lie committed on lVomen. Here is summary 0/ her speech: empl'oyee, Sardar Tirath Singh' might have been kidnapp~d "My issue is tbe same over corrupt politicians are Mehta, working at the Kanpur with some ulterior motives and wl1icb a hue and cry is raised at responsible. What is the reason Central Raliway Station in the his relatives believe that unless on'•. place or the other every day, that in Madhya Pradesh, the SCA office, are passing through the culprits are taken in police but 'still tbe circumstances remain policemen respon'sible had been moments of great tensions because custody, it will not ee possible uncbanged. In Baghpat, a punished, but in U.P. , no -action . be is missing since June 21, 1980. to trace Sardar Mebta, dead or Sardar Mehta left his resi- alive. woman had been raped. The had been taken? finished · "Some times, I feel that as denc. for routine office work in Sardar Mehta is a close House had hardly . discussion on it, when we compared to British regime, the the morning and was " seen ' last · relative ofSardar Tirath Singh . received a report from Madhya dignity of women in independent working in 'his offic~ till mid-day. Sobti, a former Chairman of . Pradesb. Then again, in Gonda, India, is not safe. Earlier, women Thereafter his whereabouts are Agriculture Marketing . Board of Punjab. in U .P., .anotber incident had could travel safely in trains not known. . taken place where some Harijan wearing gold ornaments. But The family has reported the It is suspected that some Women bad been raped. The today ·even the honour of women matter to the Kanpur police but erstwhile pro-Janta elements State Government of M.P. is not safe in tr.ins. . they have taken no action so in the Railway have hatChed a "The Prime Minister, Shri- far. fool-proof conspiracy and got suspended the constables and 'some other Police Officers and mati Indira Gandbi, is a lady.

Sudden disappearance of rid of bim. It is alleged that sent them to the lines.

And if sbe is not able to defend Sardar Mebta is shrouded in . the police personnel in Kanpur "In Bagbpat, in U.P. where tbe honour of women, I do not mystery and is riddle whicb City are dominated by the peranother incident had taken place, know whether sbe deserves to inspite of lapse of so many days sons with R.S.S. leanings. those constables who had been be the Prime Minister. She remains unsolved.

Unless the case is handed respollsible for the killing of c.nnot protect the honour of The close associates of ' over to the CBI, the mystery of tbree persons, h.d been given women. We call ourselves 'an Sardar Mehta suspect foul play Sardar Mehta·s disappearance Rs . I,OOO/each as a reward. At independent country but we are on the part of hi> superior will remain unsolved and fajth tbe same time, the District not able to protect the rigbts . officers in the office. It is alleged of citizens in government will Magistrate · and the 1.G. oCpolice, and bonour of womell". that a gang of goondas has been Ilot be restored .

Meerut bave said tbat the persons --.,...------------~------------.....:=------,." ".. kIlled were dacoits, and because 'they were dacoit~, whatever action was taken by the Govern ment was right.

"The Home Minister, Giani Z,il Singb, made a statement th.t he does not want to comment, becau:;e the Case was sub·judice. Tben how is it fair that the U .P. Government gives · rewards to the policemen and makes a statement whicb may .prejudice tbe judicial enquiry and which gives an impression before band that those who bad been killed had been guilty and tbose persons who had killed them are nice people. Wby are tbese things not being 'checked? For t bis either the police or some (Continued/rom previous page) Madhya Pradesh and otber ·states about their religion and their Gurus. But so rar no remedial measures have been taken. In such matters, the centre must put its foot down and bring the erring states to the rigbt patb.

The value of recommendations made by the minorities commission is still a big question mark.

Tbe Janta ministry, under Mr Morarji Desai, had said tbat its re()Ommendations would be "biodiqg' on the government", Mrs Gandhi's government has yet·to make its views known.

Unfortunately, . the commis, sion itself bas been plagu:d with dissensions. Two of its members, Mr Y.V. John and Dr Aloo Dastur, . have resign<d b,cause they could not see eye to eye with the chairman, Mr Justice M.R.A. Ansari.

Thougb Sikhs are represented on it by former Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singb, their .srievances, · wbich are legion in number, remain untackled and unr~dres. ' Sedi tbougb tbey ' are the second · most: important minority in the ' country. '

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. THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

28th July, 1980

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. D-Iscrlmlnation -$----~~---~-----A ntbUGHT FROM GURBANI . $ BI atant $ Were my floor embeddoo with diamoDds aDd rubies, ~ Despite represeDtatioDs by the of Sardar Kawaljit Singh Virdi $ OD tbe floor a coucb likewise witb rubies inlaid U Indian governmeDt, Saudi ' Arabia who is an American citizen and ADd on tbe coucb a jewel.bedecked damsel $" continues ' to practise gross balds a US passport. He i& 'an . discrimination against Sikhs. architect and was assigned to a $ Sportive and wantoD. Admittedly, this kingdom, wbich job in Saudi Arabia by his firm . ~

prides itself OD being the birth- The Saudi Arabian consulate in place of Islam, as both Mecca New York granted bim an eDtry 11 L and Medina lie in it, bas every visa valid _ for ' eigbt months, ~ ~_ 'J right. to proclaim itself as a though his stay was scheduled purely Muslim state and enforce for three months only. There Koranic laws, tbougb with tbe . could not be any case of passage of time they now look mistaken identity, as his passport to be too harsh and medieval. had 'bis photo showing him as But the Koran itself lays down: a full-fledged Sikh, witb beard Unto me my religion, unto you and turban.. But when he flew your religion. In otber words, into Dahran, he was not allowed The airport officials Islam does not frown upon otber entry.

Price ': 50 Paise 28th July, 1980 Vol. 29 No. 48 religions, thougb it pleads for cancelled his visa, beld him in its own sPJead through its isolation for 12 hours as if he was a plagUe, and then sent him faithfuls.

Saudi Arabia, enricbed out by a flight to Bombay. Tbis beyond moasure witb tbe inflow shows that ..full·fledged Sikhs of . petro-dollars, is currently have become an aoathema to ..

Very disturbing news has been received from engaged in massive construction SaUdi Arabia.

Punjab about the alarming increase in usage of liquor, works. Since it does not possess reasons are adduced to opium, poppy husk and narcotic drugs . During the either tbe tecbnical knowbow or this'Many discrimination. Some say skilled people, it bas to import quarter ended June 30, consumption of country liquor in Saudi Arabia once experts from otber. countries. SIkhs went up by nearly 45 percent as compared to the Contracts bave also been awarded installed a loud-speaker while Guru Nanak's corresponding period last year; the total intake, to American and European celebrating according to official figur:es, was 38.23 lakh proof concerns whose staff is all birthday, and the authorities did not like tbis relay of hymns from litres; ~his works out to about 12 lakh proof lilres per Christians. As Asian labour is another religion.· Still another cheaper, they tend to employ, month or about 42,000 proof lilres per day. To this reaslln is said to be the jealousy must be added Indian-made foreign liquors like whisky, among others, Indians also. of non-SIkhs because SIkhs work Not all of them 'are Muslim; and more devotion brandy, beer and rum as well as illicit liquor which has some are Hindu while others are with become almost a cottage industry in the state. Accord- Christians. But, strangely, King expertise. Whatever may be the reasons, this discrimination ing to a recent survey, mean annual consumption per- Khaled's government has chosen against must be drinker in Punjab is 10 Iitres of absolute alcohol; the to ban the entry of Sikhs alone. ended. oneIfcommunity Cbristians and comparative figures for many European countries are Why, it has never been explained adherents of other faiths can live either rationality or convinc- and work in Saudi Arabia, why much less; for instance, it is .9.95' litres of absolute . with ing arguments. not Sikhs? After all, Guru alcohol in Sweden, .8.62 in the Netherlands, 8.55 in Nanak, founder. at the faith, was This ban is not confined to Poland, 7.94 in Finland and 6.96 in Norway. All these as much revered by Muslims as Sikhs with Incjian passports.

It countries are much colder than Punjab and people need is .applied to Sikhs e.verywhere, by Sikhs and Hindus, and the liquor to provide the much-needed heat during snowy even though some of them have Holy Granth has compositions winters. Of course, Britain, Denmark and Ireland are acquired nationality of other from many Muslim saints. ahead of Punjab in this respect. On an average, countries. The latest exa~ple is

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Lord, let Dot mine eyes be deceived by these Tbat I fail to recall Tby Name.

-Guru Naoak

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DANGEROUS TRENDS

50 percent Punjabis take liquor .and spend Rs 280 crores per year on drinks.

Opinion, however, differs on the causes for this sudden spurt in liquor consumption. Some ascribe it to the rise in agricultural income in the countryside; others feel it is some sort of a contagion Punjabis have got from their relatives living abroad; whenever these uncles and brothers from across the seas visit their homes, they not only consume good amount of liquor ·themselves but also introduce their local relatives to the "bliss" it gives; the locals, later on, in the absence of foreign liquor, go on their mental safaris with the country and illicit liquor.

Smuggling of poppy husk and opium . into Punjab from Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan continues unabated.

The smuggler and the seller remain the same; only the recipient of the hush money has changed with the advent of the new government. Lakhs of rupees ·change hands in this underworld trade every month. The wholesale price of poppy husk is only Rs 2 per kilo, which is paid to the ' producer, but the ' retailer gets it at Rs 12; the balance of Rs 10 is the profit and. the hush money. The husk is brought into Punjab concealed in trucks. Though police have seized ..some quantities here and there, many top smugglers have not been touched because they enjoy political patronage.

A survey conducted by Patiala Medical College showed that 35 percent of male adults in Punjab use opium, and 67 percent of them have . become addicts.

About 75 percent of opium-users started taking the narcotic to overcome fatigue during the harvesting season; other 10 percent began taking the stuff for fun or for: satisfying their curiosity about . its effects; the remaining 15 percent ' acquired ' the habit ·for varied reasons. Since ollium is not freely available, the smuggled stuff is sold at' a high price; spurious substitutes are also produced in the underworld.

The college-going youth have fallen prey to drugs l*e hasbish and other sedatives, mostly because they do not want to lag behind their "modern" but spoiled brethreh in other countries. .

All this calls for a mass campaign by social .vorkers and gcivernment. Any programme must include a combination of measures aimed at limiting the availability of alcohol; both licit and illicit,and eliminating opium, poppy husk and drugs ,as well. as a well-planned educative approach based on ' socia" cultural and personal factors. But this would reql:j:ire extensive and imaginative multi-disciplinary- planning and action rather than blanket legal controls 0 • .. mere prohibition propaganda . . ,: ; .' ,

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

4

An Episode Of Sikh History Lt. Col . Gulcbaran Siogb (Retd.)

Lahore to pay his respects war to . the Maharaja, who, to the Maharaja. reinstated tbe Nawab. (c) The Nawab was to furnisb In the same year (1802) a certain number of troops Nizam-ud-din was assassinated by his brotber-in-Iaw whose to the Lahore ruler. (d) Two Pathan cbiefs were to jagi' had earlier been confiscated be sent to Lahore as by the former. Kutab.ud-din , hosrages.

(They were, who is aUeged to have bad a however, later presented band in this murder, succeed'ed with khiJ/a/s aod allowed bis deceased brother. Ranjit _Singh, taking advantage of the to return to Kasur).

In 1802, Niz.m·ud·din situation, invaded Kasur for the disregarded the treaty; and, fourtb time. 10 this expedition baving collected a sufficiently also, the Mabaraja was acco m- ' large force, pillaged two villages ponied by his friend Fateh Singh whicb fell in the Labore jurisdic- Ahluwalia. Kutab-ud-din', on his for side, bad strengthened his tion; he Wag planning further infiltration, when it came defences and had also laid to the knowledge of Ranjit Singh, ambushes throughout the cou ntry wbo, now determined to severely to binder the invader's advance deal with the Nawab, himself whicb he was able to delay. For marched towards Kasur. He, about seven months the expedialso, sent for Fateh Singh tion carried on. Seeing no other Ahluwalia who with his force way out, the Maharaja cut off joined the Maharaja in this the supplies for the -besieged and Nawab . to venture. The two contestants ,Compelled tbe met on the open ground and a surrender. The Maharaja accepted fierce battle too k place. Both a huge sum as a penalty for the Ranjit Singh and Fateh Singh rebellion and once again withdistinguisbed tbemselves by acts drew from tbe Kasur territory. of great per-sonal valour.

Tbe incorrigible Nawab had The Pathans, being no match agam started creating trouble. for tbe Lahore troops, retired He persecuted Sikhs and Hindus ' into the fort. Violent battle, in his area, and collected a force accompanied witb a great of ghazis with the intentIon of slaughter on both sides, once creating trouble for the Maharaja. again took place. However, the He started preparing for war in fort surrendered \0 the young which 'he was being secretly Mabaraja. The buildings in the helped by Muzaffar Khan of Kasur city were formed In Multan ; he had all the small blocks each forming a separate' forts m his territory stocked abadi~ when fightin g io tbe witb ammunition and provisions. built-up areas to'ok place, 'these Faqir Aziz.ud-din, the foreign abadis were reduced one by one minister of. Maharaja Ranjit Smgh who had been ,ent to the without much difficulty.

Tbe Nawab seeing bis hopeless Nawab to ascertain the facts, posilion presented himself before. was insulted by 1he latter for the victor " with every sign of being 'in the service of tho Sikh. humility". He p'romised submis- ruler. The Maharaja was infuriasion and paid a large sumas ted on this treatment meted out nazrana plus tbe expenses of the to his ambassador and for

By Kasur, lying between Lahore and Fer9zepore, was one of the famous cities of tho Panjab during the 18th Century. This ancient rival of Lahore, a stronghold of tbe PathaDs, was then ruled by Nizam-ud-diD .

Tne Nawab of Kasur, Nizam-uddin Khan was a rival of Ranjit Singh in his struggle for the Punjab. supremacy in Ranjit Singb baving been able to establish supremacy over all tbe ' struggling allied forces, invaded Kasur and exacted tribute from the Nawab.

Nizam-ud-din Kban was of the Kb weshgi section of tbe Mahammadzais commnnly·known . as "Kasuria Patnans".

They bad marched wIth the Babar's armies from Peshawar and, later, settled south of Lahore astride the Satluj, wher.e they were granted lands in jagi' by Bahar for their services rendered to him. (The Pa/hans, Olaf Caroe, P. 164). In 1797 and 1798, when Sban Zaman inv.ded the Punjab, he wanted to use the Nawab, as an intermediary between himself and the Sikh Chiefs of tbe time. Nizam-ud-din bimself was keen to estahlisb Afghan rule in the Punjab. He Shah offered assistance to Zaman if the latter could let him hold the Punjab in his name for which he would pay ' a yearly tribute of five lakhs of rupees .

This offer was rejected by the Shah. Shah Zaman returned to Kabul disappointed through lack of co-operation by the Nawah.

Nizam-ud-din wished to take advantage of the mutual quarrels of the Bbangi rulers of Lahore, and occupy the city himself. But the scheme leaked out prematurely and the Nawab could not fulfil his desire . .

Nawab of In 1801, the Kasur anel Sahib Singh Bhangi, Chief of Gujrat, revalted. To deal with the rebels, Ranjit Singh. himself proceeded against tbe Bhangi Chief, and despatched Sardar Fatch Singh Kalian wala to' deal with the Nawab of Kasur.

The Nawab 00 hearing the marcb of the Lahore forces made preparations to defend himself. Tbe two forces met outside the city of Kasur and a severe b.ttle took place.- The Afghan stand did not last even a full day and it soon crumbled.

They retreated inside the fort, where, also, they were mauled.

When the fort was about to fall the Nawab sued for peace; he . surrendered himself and terms accepted the following offered to him by the Sardar :<a} Tbe Nawab WaS to pay _ tribute anel also acknowledge himself as a feudatory o( the Maharaja. (bl' The Nawab Was to send bis brother, Kutab-ud-din, to

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28th July, 1980 disregarding:tbe recently conclnded treaty .

In 1807, therefore, after the capture of Pasrur, tbe Maharaja, wbo was anxious to remove th is thorn (of Kasur) from his side and strengthen his position decided to invade Kasur. It was too near bis capital to be left in the hands of the people hostile to , him , "nor was he, perhaps, without a feeling that the reduction of large colony of Pathaos, and the annexation of tbe mythological rival of Labore, would add to his own merit and importance. So, once again tbe Maharaja diverted his attentiOn towards Kasur, and, no' sooner tbe preparations were ready' than be," occompanied by General · .KalianwaJa, invaded Kasur on 10th February, 1807.

The Nawab also came out with his force. were Two fierce battles fougbt, and in both the Pathan colonists were defeated.

The opening bout had taken place between tbe fanatics on either side, tbe Niha/lgs and the Ghazis, When the former pushed back lbe .latter. The Nawab with his force retired to the fGrt which had already been stored with prOVisions, t and arms and ammunition.

The invaders besie.ged the fort and cut off all communications with the outside world. The siege lasted for about a montb during which the guns pounded the fort walls. The whole surrounding area was laid waste . When the besieged had consumed tbeir provisions started living on the flesh · of hMses and cattle. One night, western wall' of tbe fort was mined by the Sikh miners, and by the time it was dawn the wall collapsed . Through this breach rushed in tbe Sikh force and a baUd to band figbting took place.

But the victory was for tbe Sikhs who then occupied tbe fort. Kutab·ud-din was arrested while escaping and was brougbt before tbe Maharaja who; on the Nawab's beggiog, pardoned the latter and · granted bim a jagi' at Mamdot and the surrounding area, east of the Satiuj; here he built the new town of Jalalabad . In return, the Na wab promised to provide tbe Mabaraja with 100 horsemen, whenever required by the latter.

The territory of ' Kasur was annexed to the' Lahore Darbar .

The acquisition of Kasur, the . mythological rival of Lahore, removed the Pathan colony and increased tbe popularity of tbe Mabaraja among tbe people of tbe Punjab. The fall of Kasur, brought the Mabaraja a huge property consisting of jewels, rich sluff and fabrics , shawls, , horses and camels.

The -Maharaja, tben, returned to Lahore and celebrated the victory in his usual way on a grand scale. Some of tbe rich stuff was sent as an offering to the Golden Temple at Amritsar.

_T:..H_E_u _SP_O_K_ES_M_A_N_"_WE_E_KL_Y ____________ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2....8.... tb~July, 1980 I lay on my bed of illness ana I asked DIYself : "Wbat is tbe deepest need of my beart?" And I answered:

be chanted slokas from santbani.

And bisvery silence was a cbant of the holy Name. He worked; be did bis duty, eacb day, and every fragment of his work reflected "Spiri tual peace". love. And seeing bim, I said: Tben I tbougbt of tbe great scriptures of the Hindu faith, "tbis poor, bumble peasant sbows bow work may become a prayer, eacb sounding tbe note of By : Sadhu T.L. Vaswani a link of our bearts and minds' peace, "Om shanti, shanti, shanti, tbe great mantra of tbe Rishis. witb tbe Presence of tbe Living tbe ten Gurus.

They · God". Here was a siogle man And my thoughts travelled to The Sukhmani sbould bave a of another scripture written by a special appeal to tbe nations bave for these four centuries of meditation , wbo did not merely . saint, the scripture :.named wbicb, broken and bleeding today and more, consoled the bearts say prayers, be lived prayers, ' be Sukhmani. The word means cry for peace, wbich is not a of men and women. Tbey bave was prayer . personified! Tbis '·the jewel of Sukha, or peace". political parchment but is born · healed; tbey bave taught; tbey farmer tilled tbe soul and bis of tbe Heart of Man. have illumined ; tbey bave been tilling was service of Goel.

Sukhmani is a HSong of Peace". .

Guru Arjan had the courage chanted day and by night. I A great message this-of Some passages from tbe Guru Arjan Dev-which has to say Hno" to an emperor. know of men and women wbo psalms of tbe Sukhmani, I have not received the attention it Guru Arjan was at once bold have lived on tbem They bave of sung, again and again and bave deserves. The age we live in and gentle. His Sukhmani is entered into tbe lives felt that a wonder bas suddenly a stream of. sweetness and joy. thousands.

I bave beard . tbe cries, on the political plane for peace of the nations. But life Tbe Sukhmani has tbe vitality of chant in the midnigbt and again opened and tb10ugb tlie soog of transcends politics. Above the a soul strong in tbe strengtb in tbe dawn. The psalms of tbe Sukhmani, I bave gazed at political plane is another, tbe of sacrifice. The Sukhmani bas Sukhmani are on tbe lips of the His Face. The pauris of tbe plane of commUDlon . . And there tbe spiritual peace wbich tbe peasant, in the field and tbe Sukhmani have proved to be steps steps ou the deepest yearning of the beart Risbis felt in tbe silence of tbe labourers in the factory, of tbe to contemplation, wbicb I have asceoded to ashrama life. students in tbe scbool, tbe youtbs of men is for spiritual peace. receive free gifts of God, His ' in tbe city, tbe bereaved and tbe On of lhe great voices of tbis Guru Arjan was a man-of revelat io n. Let me but cbant tbe sukha, peace, spiritual. peace, is interior solitude and prayer, and broken. They bave been food and pauris in faith; and eacb pauri nourisbment of many hearts.

In Guru Arjan Dev wbo passed he was a man .of beroic action. becomes a window tbrough away in the 16th century . He In blS life was tbe . union of them is the great "'ord of tbe whicb He is beholden in a form Gurus, tbe Word of God. The died a martyr's death, he died action and contemplation. In of . beauty_ Tbis bebolding is with the great word, "Nanak" tbis union is the true integral Word bas nourished the hearts the end of simaran. I meditate of millions. (his Master) and peace", on bis life of saints. Reading tbe in order to see, to contemplate. lips. He died a martyr, a witness Sukhmani and meditation on The very first Canto of the And seeing I go fortb into the to tbe Life in the Spirit! He it, we may hope for a return Book opens witb tbe words: valley of tbe sbadow, tbe valley was, perhaps, tbe greatest man to. tbe true integral spirit, wbich '~Meditate; meditate, meditate of maya, of action to serve the of bis century, and tbese four modern India bas, alas! forsaken. ' on Him and attain to sukha."

Will Divine. centuries more he bas been one Tbe teaching of- Guru Arjan What is sukha? Tbe Upanishad of the dominant figures in the should receive a wide dissemina- used the word ananda. Both Tbe Sukhmani is the scripturehistory of India. tion in these days, for the mean "joy", "bliss" Botb point to of a saint wbose sanctity entered His influence on the life of Sukhmani indicates bow activity peace. All of us seek peace, into conflict witb a king, proud the Sikbs bas been tremendous. may be nourished by ~ interior joy, bliss. E ven tbose wbo say of power arid domination . Tbe He is a many sided figure. Some life, and bow social life may tbey do not believe in God, seek coollict ended in tragedy, tbe times, we see him as an ' organi~er bear fruit not merely in improve- sukham, peace. And wbat must saint sacrificed his life and of tbe Sikb Community, giving ments in service of one's Own tbey do to find sukham? Tbey would not surrender God and· them a Scripture, Granth Sahib, community but in true love for must "meditate" in silence; only tbe Granth Sahib . The great and a temple, the inspired al1 communities. so may they. have an experience king Akbar, paid bomage to the Granth, saying tbat it was full author of the Sukhmani. Again, St. Jobn of tbe Cross speaks of peace in His presence. of praises for the Divine Maker as a preacber of a scbool of of tbe "Dark Night" in wbicb Life is a searcb for peace, for spirituality in wbicb tbe Hindu is revealed tbe Light of tbe sukham. All pain born of Parki rti and as a mark of bis appreciaembraces tbe Muslim as bis Spirit. Sucb a "Dark Nigbt" (tbe body), all matter born tion, sent several golden mohars brotber, a scbool of whicb Guru we see in tbe life of Guru Arjan · suffering vanisbes wben you to be spent in tbe service of tbe Nanak became a Propbet wben Dev, wben be is seated on an meditate on tbe One. Conquer people. Akbar died in 1605.

Akbar was succeeded by ,n Kartarpur be greeted tbe iron plate, bot flames buniing prakirti to attain 3ukham. Jebangir, wbo did not understand Kbalifa and tbe Patban as underneatb and tbe great Guru Conquer prakirli and enter into comrades, dining in tbe same reciting tbe word of bis Guru, tbe Spirit, tbe One Nama. This tbe noble i<leals for whicb Guru kitcben and worsbipping iu the of Nanak Dev, and repeating entrance into Nama does not Arjan and tbe Granth Sahib same Temple, tbe one Eternal tbe words: "In Thy Wil1 is mean that you renounce tbe stood.

Akala Purukha named at once tbe peace of my soul I" Guru world. No! In meditating on Tbe Granth Sahib is Scripture as Sat and Allah or Khuda.

Arjan Dev of the Dark Nigbt the Nama, the spirit you ratber of Union, a melap-sastra. In it I am not a Sikh. But in my is a symbol, to my mind, of the understand tbe world better. are brougbt togetber sayings and beart is an aspiration that Sikb Kbalsa Community, enduring, He was a farmer. He worked songs of Hindu and Muslim scbolars and bhaktas may be suffering, bearing witness to in tbe field by day: on his lips lovers of God. Jenangir asked banded togetber (J) to present God in tbe trials of life, glori- was Nama. Wbo realised better Guru Arjan to make cbanges in in a book, a whole and integral fying tbe Gurus. Guru Arjan tban be tbe value, tbe dignity the Granth. Guru Arjan declined picture of Guru Arjan Dev, and Dev shares bis agony with Sikh and nobility of manual labour? to do anytbing to suit tbe fancies (2) to translate into Englisb and martyrs.

"Labour" he said, "is worship !" of a king and was summoned to some of tbe important Indian Sukhmani is tbe great Guru's And in all bis work, be Labore. There be was ordered vernaculars Guru Arjao Dev's Book of Poems. They are psalms worsbipped God. And bis face to sit for three1days in a cauldron Sukhmani, a Scripture which of peace, spiritual peace. Tbey glowed with beauty. Does not of boiling water wbich became ' bas, I believe, a world-value. sum up tbe whole teacbing Sukhmani say, "He wbo hotter and botter; as the lIames remembers God wears a face underneatb burnt, mor~ and kindled witb beauty?" more, anL red · hot ·powder of Sucb a man, indeed is full of sand was applied to the Guru's love. He will not argue ·about blistered body. In calm dignity spirituality. He realises tbat life · set tbe Guru, reciting fro[JI' ,tbe is meant for love of God. Jap}i and .repeatingtbe words: ; · Througb love, bhakli, be mounts 'Swee.t to me is wbat TIl9U volatile~ to knowledge. The farmer, I doest !. ' . . ,-. , , . .i referred to, seldom talked of I but ask of Tbee tbe -:rr!<~)!re God. He never argued. He of tbe Name~ ' _ .. reflected love in bis actions. ' He chanted tbe Name of God,

SUKHMANI

J:be Song Of Eternal Peace

Sukhmani is the most popular and widely chanted hymn. It is joy infinite which is beyond the span of words; for words are but the joy which emanates from this Song of songs is eternal.

~"o·. ; ~

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

28th July, 1980

6

The Grandeur And Strength · Of Sikh Religion

Sikbism is a distinct faith . 'state of realisation tbrough the the teachings Guru's grace. Gur Prasad i.e. of the Guru Granth Sahib. It by the Guru's Grace, one can . differs in concept and practice realise the Lord. A Guru is a . from Hinduism and Islam. It is spiritual enlightener. It is not an original faith. It is a new possible to ' keep to the right Tey.elation .

The ceremonies and virtuous path without the 'performed hy the Sikhs on tbe help of a true Guru. 'various occasions clearly give God Himself place (the word) 'i t a distinct entity. in the heart of the Guru Wbo proclaimed it outwardly.

Sikhism has a new organ!c . (Asa War 6) .growtb and a distinct system of thougbt. Discipleship is one Wisdom is attained through ·of its most important .spects. complete surrender to the Guru.

The Guru is needed for all times Salvation is possible only with 'for makipg .the disciple perfect. the guidance of the Guru. :In Asa Di Var, tbe founder of A meeting . wit)l a true Guru :the Sikh religion emphasises develops in us sense of discri· :tbe importance of the Guru in mination, love of humanity, . the following words: keeps us away from vice, "If one meet the true. Guru, inCUlcates in us true . wisdom the mind stops wandering, and understanding ant! provides A stream of bliss flows in a proper basis for our personality.

The knowledge of the self can one's being.

Spontaneous divine . music be gained only through the pours forth and a fearless blessings and tbe guidan ce of the Guru : . spiritual state is attained, Lov e springs not (in the One remains detached from worldliness and in one's heart) own self is God realised.

Without tbe Guru The Guru is like a river with and the dirt of egoism is waters always clean, washed not ,.

When you meet him, all dirt when penetrating tbrough is washed away from the sick heart. tbe word, One knows the self he The true Guru gives us a becomes sure perfect bath, That He is real basis of his He turns brutes and demons into angels and Gods. personality. .

The self is known through the 'When God sends his saving grace to man..

Guru It is rooted in

By

: Lt. Col. J.8, Gulari. (Retd.)

I put my faith in Him. .

(Ramkali 14.8) In Siri Rag (3.9) the God is compared to a beautiful place wbich is full of rubies and jewels, pearls and pure diamonds.

He is like a fort of gold . The human heart yearns to climb into this fort to have a look inside. .It is not possible to climb the fort without a ladder.

This ladder is the Guru who can help us to have" view of the fort : Guru is the ladder, Guru the boat, and Guru tbe raft, laden WIth the Name of Hari Guru is the ship to ferry us across the sea of sansara.

Guru is the sacred place on the bank of the evor· flowing river.

If tbe Lord wills, the soul goes to batbe in the pool of trutb and become pure.

Tbe true Guru thus keeps us on tbe right path-the path that ultimately leads to emancipation.

Every true Sikh proclaim his absolute allegiance to the Guru's teachings contained in Guru Granth Sahib. In every Gurdwara, the Sikhs stand up for tbeir daily prayer and reaffirm the declaration: .

Agya Bhaiy Akal k i tabbi chalaayo Panth; Sab Sikhan ko hukam hai Guru maanyo Gftinth; Guru Grantl, j i maanyo pargat . Guran ki deh ; laka hirda sudh hai kho} shabad main lih ; Raj karega Khalsa, aaki rahe na koe, .

Khwaar hoe 3ab millenge, bache sharon jo hoe. all other attempts are of no He begins to practise ' the "God ordained the creation avail. word of Guru. of the pa th of Khalsa; all (Sri Rag As. 9-11) Says Nanak, hear ye all, followers are commanded This is tbe way to cure the The significance of a Guru in to accept Guru Granth disease. . great. the Sikh religion is Sahib as tbeir .. guide; Guru One may read cartloads of Even the found er of the Sikb Granth Sahib is the manibooks, with caravan loads religion got his cup of Nam fest body of their Teacber; to follow, from the Div ine Court. Guru A pure mind will find Yet Nanak, there is one Nanak refers to this experience His guidance in the· word; truth that matters. in his hymns: Khalsa, the pure will All else is vanity and vexalion Tbere is no distance between rule, the impure will be of the egoistic mind." us. I am one with Him, doomed, They, in disgust, the reality immaculate, the will rejoin the pure A Sikh is enjoined to follow ultimately and be saved." light of all the teacbings of the Great Gurus (History of the PunjabNanak : I met the Guru, ",uepnsited in the Holy Granth ·Sahib. It is by adherence to Nal'ang and Gupta p. 323) the Supreme Lord, tbe ·-these teachings that a Sikh The abOve verses portray tbe Supreme 'can reacb to the highest· point Brahman, who is higher than tradition which has endured ·of development of his personality tbe bigbest. for centuries. They reflect the (Soratil 5-·11) aspiration and determination '~nd become . a dynamic po,wer ·m hImself. A disciple truly I met ' the True Guru, tbe of tbe pure, tbe triumph ofthe 'following the teachillgs of the whole · truth over falsebood and tbe author of the conquest ·of tbe pure over the 'Gurus can altain to a state ·of creation 'perfection, A Sikh attains to a . impure.

Reflecting in his works

Sikhism has a new organic growth and a distinCt system of thought. It <is rooted in the teachings of Guru Granth Sahib.

Tbe Guru must always reside in our heart and guide all our tboughts and actions.

The Guru is <lur spiritual enlightener. He alnne can make us realise the Lord. He alone can sav~ us from punisbment.

He alone can redeem us. He alone can turn us into true and

faithful believers. He alone can make us worthy followers of tbis· great religion. He alone can lead us from darkness into light; from ignorance into knowledge; from despair into hope, from veracity into bumi· Iity, from hatred into love, from blindness into awareness, from weakness into strength and from countless deatbs into immortality. Such is the power and im portance of the Guru according to tbe ' religious precepts of the Sikbs.

Tbe Sikb religion lays special stress on prayer. The Sikh prayer lap}i embodies the essence of tbe philosophy of Guru Nanak (1469-1539), founder of the .Slkh faith. It is a composition of Guru NaDak. It is the first chapter of tbe Grantb Sahib, tbe Sikh scripture, Jap}i is the morning prayer. It is meant to be· recited daily.

This daily prayer reminds the followers of the Sikb faith, the fundamental concepts of their religion, namely the conception of God, the place of the religious preceptor, the importance of prayer, a belief in the triumph of right over wrong • of transmigration of soul, of . life hereafter and ultimate salva· tion . The Sikh . prayer Japji occupies a place of primacy in ' the Sikh religious precepts.

Its recitation and contemplation on its philosophic content is obligatory on. all Sikbs in the early morning 'amrit~vela'-tbe ambrosial hour. This is stated in Stanza IV of the lap},i : "Wbat tben in offering shall we bring That we may see His court above?

What then shall we say in speech That bearing may evoke His love,

In the ambrosial hours of fragrant dawn On truth and greatness ponder in· meditation."

It is a complete and compre· hensive prayer. It holds the key to the basic .rel igious pbilosophy of tbe S,kh religion'. It carries ia it the essence of tbe Sikh spiritual tb o ~ g bt . It is set ' down in words which move, inspire and illumine

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

7

J'he greatest and the strongest point of the 'Sikh religion is that in place of abstract philosophical speculations, it gives to u~ the clarified religious consciousness. the human mind. It is t~e inspired word of Guru Nanak s God-oonsciousness. It IS. a moral instruction. Its recitation <lis pels spiritual darkness and .gives spiritual s?lac~ an~ pe!'c. ·of the mind. Its Insptred Ideahsm gives life nobility of ~bought so that it may preserve Itself from ignoble decay. It enables man to wear burden of. tbe day, exposed to the rain and sun . ~nd winds so that he may by recltlOg the prayer every day, enrich. his mind beart and soul. Smce Japj;' is to be recited in the early bours . of tbe dawn, tbe devoted must rise before the dawn, light tbe little lamp within by tbe power of the -prayer so tbat be may prepare bimself for a day of ceaseless fatigue . Tbis prayer shows ~Im tbe true path . by followmg wbicb be may not only gam a little bread witb whicb to feed himself and bis child~en but .also to hold his communIOn With the creator. The prayer . gives us our repose, rl!moves our troubles and lightens our burdens.

The prayer helps us -to me above more material goods. It goads us to place our affections in the true God. Truly u~der­ ~tood and sincerelY practtsed, the recitation of l apj; makes all Sikhs the soldiers of HIS .glory. I,'rayef is power a3 It revives JOY 10 all d isconsolate bearts. It reveals tbe cosmic order of tbings that cannot be grasped by human intellect. or ·expressed in words. It gives guidance for moral conduct of life. It reveals the difference between the world of appearances and true existence. The ·ilraxer belps to instal in us a mystical .faith in the uoity of tbe pure Being. Tbe prayer :eUs us by absorbing of boly teacbIDg, man is immunised from deatb. A state of eternal bliss opens before us and we pass beyond the spbere of sin and sorrow.

By absorbing holy teaching Tbe seeker may enter into of the supreme state enlightenment and holiness To one absorbing holy teach· ing Shall be revealed the cosmic -esoteric mysteries of tbe eartb, The bull and sky, The continents of the earth, And its various realms and the nether regions.

Absorbing of holy teaching

Makes m~n immune from death.

Saint Nanak; God's devotees are ever in bUss; Absorbing holy teachings annul, sorrow and sin . (lap}i Pauri VIII) The prayer-enables us to live God, gives in the proximity us a new awareness of our being and its true nature, our obligations towards fellow beings and of our final destination after life on tbis eartb bas been spent.

It helps us to discover the fir,t and right law of living. It awakens our soul and gives us .conscience. It reveals to us a scale of values which ought to govern our lives. lapji, the· prayer . of the Sikhs, has a completeness which is unrivalled and priceless. In fact, it is a code of moral conduct which can be neglected 'only at the peril of self annihilation and eternal dawn of 'our souls!

The Sikbs do not believe in sacred rivers or mountains nor do they worship any stone images. It is enjoined on tbe Sikhs to worship only the Trutb.

They are forbidden from worshipping an idol. The Sikhism of God's rejects the theory incarnation . by cbaracterising Him as Unborn. Befor< the advent of Guru Nanak, many of the supporters of Bhakti met worshipped Sbiva, Rama . and

of

Krishna, considering tbem as Inner Devotion To God incarnations of God and the ' worship of their image was With the coming of spring, considered by tbem as a means 'of winning His pleasure. Tbis The whole vegetation ' blossoms view was rejected by Guru out, Nanak. He clearly proclaimed In the same way, that His God was Unborn and With tbe coming of inner. devotherefore, no image of His can tion to God, be made. He gave this concept'-of . God in the Mul Mantra: All sentinent creatures bave · an inner blossoming .

There is one God He, the Creator And tbe mind -oecomes fr<sh & . Is without fear and without greeD, hate.

Day and night repeating' tbe He, the omnipresent.

Name of the Lord, In fact, according to tbe Sikh - They wash away all egoism . ,by belief: the Grace of the Guru . .

Pervades the universe.

-Guru Amar Das He is not born, Nor does He. die to be born again The greatest and tbe strongest

By His Grace shalt thou point of the Sikb religion is that worsbip Him, in place of abstract philosophicaJ Before time itself. speculatio.ns, it gives to us the .

There was truth, When Time began to run clarified religious consciousness.

It is a practical religion, the its course. practice of which leads to He was the truth. intimate harmonisiog of God and Even now, He is tbe truth Man, their communion in the and Ever more shall truth ·prevail. relation of cbild to toan, is .

(Nanak) embodied in tbe idea ' of a Godmade man. The distance between The concept of God as given God and mao stands eliminated.

by Guru Nanak is most rational Man is oue 'with him. Herein and scientific.

This concept lies the grandeur aod strength of places God beyond all limitations the Sikh religion. This union . of human thought. God is with God is achieved through infinite; that is, His existence and Simran which meaos singing attributes are without limit, ' God's Name aod througli it transcend all our powers of gettiog attuned ' to Him. It is a apprehension. We know nothing mystical experience. tbat can be added to them. The human mind can form no They who are atluned to Thee adequate apprebension of the in a cea~ele ss trance, infin ite; Goil's wisdom is infinite d well on nothing but Thy and it transcends a ll ollr powers word of «pression. We can only For 'them there is no eartb praise His Majesty and glory and nor water nor sky, and all try to reacb Hi'll by traversing tbat is, . the path shown to us by the Is the Lord's name.

Gurus.

Nourishment in every drop I For lus/rous growth af my hair fuse Keo-Karpin every day.

Gently perfumed, non-sticky Keo-Karpin is so light...... yet so nourishing!

Kto-

Km,tn

HAIR OIL Product of

Medial

28th July, 1980

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

8

28th July. 1980

How To Curb Embezzlement Funds Of Welfare N.s.

By : Saksona Tbough a large number of Embezzlement on such 'a large cases are still pending in tbe scale is not possible witbout courts, bundreds of the accused official connivance and it is a officials bave already been .poor consolation to be told tbat convicted.

The investigations only eight government officials bave revealed that an · aggregate have been dismissed so far sum of nearly Rs. II crores has and that cri minal cases have

The Union government has appointed a high-po wered body to cbeck wbethar various fiscal benefits meant for weaker sections are really reaching them. The _only valtd criticism against this move can be that it is several years too late and crores of been embezzled. Indeed, nearly, Rs. three crores bas already been rupe~s , meant for the poor, have already been siphoned off by recovered . cheats, who belong to the stronger The way the cheats operate is sections of society having political truly brazen. Tbe illiterate clout. The working of co- peasants are made to 'put their operative societies, for instance, thumb impressions on blank clearly shows bow dishonest paper and tbe loan is drawn and local politicians in league with shared by sarpanchas, accounlow-level tants, supervisors or others. The equally disbonest bureaucrats are depriving tbe majority of tbe accused bave poor of vast funds earmarked for political influence and it is to their benefit. ' the credit of tbe U.P_ CrD tbat In 1971 the U.P. government it has not succumbed to prescreated a special cell in the sures.

Things are no better in other CIO to deal with' embezzlement in co.operative societies. During states. The Haryana co-operative nearly eigbt years of its existence, minister, Mr Virendra Singh, tbis cell has registered about disclosed in October, 1977, that 6,000 cases, investigated about a drive had been launched to 5,000 cases and sent about recover tbe funds embezzled 3,500 cases' to tbe courts. Tbe froro co-operative societies and accused are mainly cashiers of that a sum of Rs. 2.5 crores co-operative banks, supervisors, had been recovered . Last month of co-operative accountants, assistant coopera· tbe registrar tive development officers, kurk societies told the Press tbat as amins, . village level workers or many as 2,000 cases were pending managers, and secretaries of trial in C(lurts or were being the police. investigated by co-operative banks.

DELAY IN DISPENSATION OF JUSTICE MUST END: JURISTS Eminent jurists have called take up sbort-term appointments for early steps to end delays in as presidUlg officers of tbe he suggested, Mr dispensation of justice which courts, were sbaking the confidence of Tarkunde was, however, opposed the people in the prevalent to the appointment of retired judges as ad hod judges. judicial system.

Participating in a discussion He felt the right type of on "judicial reforms with . people were not willing to leave reference to law delays", the the bar and join the bencb jurists made tbree important because service conditions and suggestion, to cut down tbese temunerations of the presiding delays . First. .setting up of officers of the courts were not conciliation boards for settling s.tisfactory. . disputes to ensure tbat lesser number of cases went to tbe Mr Tarkunde pointed out court. Second, increasing the tbat large number uf judicial number of courts to cope witb posts remained vacant. Five mounting arrears of cases. And bigb courts in tbe country today lastly to streamline the procedures - did not bave regular chief . in administration of justice. justices. All this contributed to Initiating tbe discussion, Mr inefficiency and delays in·dispensaV.M. Tarkunde suggested tion of justice, he said. appointment of ad hoc judges He said that as delays in from the bar for clearing "the filling judicial posts occurred backlog of cases_ At tbe expiry because of political "reasons, tbere of tbeir ad boc appqintment, was need to evolve a. system sucb judges should be ,mowed under wbich tbe appoiiltment, to practise -in .the .. colitts· wAen: promotion and transfer of judges they had served as ad Iioc judges sbould not depend upon tbe to ensure tbey were willing to .xecutiv. autbority. Promotion

been registered

against twelve

others.

The minister for co-operatives in Punjab revealed in June, 1976 tbat 1,075 cases of embezzlements in co-operatives were detected and the total sum involved was about Rs. 5.5 crores. Two years later the state's co-operative miDlster, Sardar Jaswinder Singh' Brar, said a special cell . bad detected embezzlements to the tune of Rs. 6 crores. He added tbat the main cbunk of this "big 'money bad gone to landlords and some influential

')

commISSion headed by a bigh , court ' judge, to inquire into embezzlements in co-operative stores. Though the results of ' these mOVes bave DOt been fully documented, it is clear that the ' evU is widespread.

The reason was wby only ' tbe tip of ice burg bas boon bated so rar is not far to seek. The accounts of the co-operatives are seldom audited properly. The cro seldom has enougb staff ' to investigate frauds. Besides a good deal of the money is misutilised or just wasted. Indeed, . if an honest attempt is made to pnd out how precisely hundreds of crores of rupees meant for the relief of tbe poor in fiood-affected and drought hit areas bave been actually spent, the results would be truly shocking_ Likewise, much of the plan provision for the welfare of the tribal people in the nortb-east or in south Bihar has gone into the pockets of corrupt .. officials and politicians.

Th e only effective remedy lies · in creating special squads in all state cros and ruthlessly Two years ago, tbe Rajasthan prosecut ing the cbeats and go.ernment decided to set up - taking action against government a special police cell for investigat- servants. There is no reason ing cases of embezzlement in co- to reaeb the cynical conclusion operative societies. Earlier. the that tbe investigating agency may ' Bihar government bad decided be equally corrupt. Unlike tbe to set up a commission to generaJ police, CIO in a inquire into cbarges of misap- mlljority of tbe states, bas a . propriation in co-operative good reputation for integrity societies. About Ihe same time and efficiency. Indeed, its. record Sheikh Abdullah had aDnOUllced in Uttar Pradesh would please his decision to set up a similar even the most cynical of sceptics. persons",

'should be automatic on tbe basis of seniority, he felt.

Advocating a ' system - of settlement of disputes without gOlOg to courts, Mr Tarkunde pleaded for a greater rdle for the Nyaya Panchayats in settling disputes' through conciliatio.n.

Another measure suggested by bim was to provide for only one appeal against tbe judgement of a trial court. He said the writ petition sbould not be used to cure mistakes of law but .•heuld be entertained . wben interests of justice so demanded.

Mr M.C_ Bbandare, an eminent lawyer, suggested . setting up of an all-India judicial officers service at par witb other allIndia services_ Members of this cadre sbould also be given proper training so that they could serve as efficient prosecuters and judicial officers_ He was, bowever, opposed to tbe appointment of ad hoc judges. Instead he wanted (the judiciary to be strengtbened by increasing lbe number of courts adequately_ .Mr. Justice E.S. Venkataramiab

disagreed with both Mr Tarkundeand Mr Bhandare tbat the judges were getting inadequate remuneration and were feeling dissatisfied which reflected in their efficien~y_ He said. "The judge who . IS un~appy can quit".

In bls opmlon the efficiency or: the courts could improve if the lawyers cooperated .and did not raise frivolous pleas and ask for adjournments. Tbey sbould alsoens~.. tbat witnesses who came' to the courts were examIned and the cases proceeded_ M r Justice S. Murtaza Fazal' Ali wanted appointment of more judges and said that tbe problem of law delays be dealt with as. a national problem. He suggested a small change in the civi¥ procedure code, which, be' claimed, would belp save a lot of time of tbe courts anct Iitigents. Tbe cbange proposed by bim was that both the plaintiff" and tbe respondent sbould be made to declare before the court in their 'pleadings their legal beirs so that in tbe event of death of tbe eitber party. tbey were substituted automatically and the case progressed_ The discussion was organised by the Delbi Study Group.

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

9

Letters Tq.I,1:'he Editor, Indian Wo.rkers In Iraq R s. 125 of a re·empl oyed person IS protected, subject t" th e d ate o f absorption in tbe civil service.

The rule regarding th e protection of R •. 50 was introduced in 1964.

As a result of the Third Pa y one's imaginatioo - it is more Co mmission's reco mmendatlOns than 100 rupees a day for an the revised pay sca les a nd pension rates were introduced with ordiuary . worker.

Meanwhile, oil rich Iraq is effect from January I , 1973. explor:ng the PQssibilities or Later, the. pension protection engaging more Ind ian s in amount was also revised from d'e velopment works in industry, Rs. 50 to Rs . 125 witb effect construction, agriculture \ and from July 19,1978 with one snag. irrigation. Iraq i Minister Bakr The pensioners who retired and Mahomound Ra ssol has a good . we re re-employed before . tbat word for the performance of date could take the benefit of Indian labour, wbile the Minister the enhanced protection, but of Industry and Minerals, Mr. th ey would be considered Mohammed Ayesh Hamad is as fresh appointees compelling full of praise for the work done them to lose tbeir ' seniority as

by Indian tecbnicians. He says we ll as tbe increments earned by tbat there are a bout 300 tbem durin g the last years. personnel in his ministry alone.

It would bave been fair if this He said the number would enhanced rate at pension soon rise to 1000 after tbe protection bad been given personnel selected by an Iraqi retrospective effect from Ianuary delegation duriu g its recent 1,1973 i.e. the date on wbicb new Indian visiUtarts working in tbe seales, were introduced.

If Republic of Iraq. h owever, this is not possible, let -Miss Manjeet Kaur the pension protection of Rs. 125 Delbi. be given to all the re.empl oyed pensioners who were/are in se rvice bfore/on July 19,1978 but withoul making them suffer Sir. -Soldiers retire from financially by treating tbem as service between tbe age ' of 40 and 50 dependin g upon their rank fresh appointees. The proposal, if accepted by tbe goverome.nt, and very few of them succeed will go a long way to boost tbe in getting absorbed in civilian morale of tbe. defence services. . offices. On re-employment, tbeir -Col. Harbans Singb pension is adjusted against the (Retd .) entitled pay. According to rules, Naya Nangal. a pension amount of Rs. 50 to Sir,-Those of us who have been to the Gulf states and especially to Iraq know very well how our Indians are working band-iohand with the ir Iralji brotbers and the salaries they receive in tbis friendly natio n are beyond

Pension Rules

Funds Collection For Poor And Weaker Section

A

11

28th July, 1980

Punjab Chemi-Plants Bags Iraqi Contract Nintb Juoe, · 1980 was a big. ~ncillary Buildings including day for Sardar H .S. Mejie, mfra-structural facilities ilt tbe Managing Director of Punjab Iraqi Ports of Magal, Kbor-AIChemi-Plants Ltd ., Chandigarh, Zubion, Um Kasar and - Faa. as on tbat day be signed a Sardar Mejie is now :busy in contract at Basrab for the mobilising his energy '· and construction of a big bousing . resources for the completion of complex on trunkelL basis tbis time-bou nd project. illvolving an expenditure of For this Housing complex 45.00 m illion Iraqi Dinars (equivalent to approximately 'Sardar Mejie has decided to use Rs. 134.UO crores). Mr. Mejie modern concept of industrialised dese rves congratulations for construction adopting modern securing tbis project in spite of system and for tbis purpose he tougb global competition . . From bas associated Mis Larsen and a modest beginning under his Nelson Group cif Denmark, who able guidance Punjab Cbemi- are one of tbe pioneers in precasl Plants matcbes best of the fabrication and, will supply the specialised equipment and techno· international standard.

Tbe project is to be Due to inspiring leadersbip logy. completed in a period uf 36 of Sardar MeJje, ' Punjab will provide Chemi-Plants has constructed ' montbs, and employment to 2500 tecbnical Power Plants;- Fertilis'er Plants, Coal Handling Systems, Sugar personnel from India.

The Indian Ioint · Venture is MIlls wblch need ' special building tecbnology.

Besides a formidable combination wbich many more stupendous building has taken sbape on tbe Indian and construction work owe Sub-continent. Mis . Hindustan tbeir present splendour, durability Steel Works Construction Ltd. largest construction and. utility to tbe building is the genIUs of Sardar H.S . Mejie company of India., a Government . underwbose supervision, Punjab of India Undertaking witb' a Cheml-Plants is operating in the record of timely execution of Middle East for the last many projects covering a wide field years and . bave 'c ompleted .from giants like integrated steel successfully portion of the job plants to sophisticated projects. allotted to it in tbe prestigious and townsbips including construcArdiya Housing Projects in tion of Power Projects; Mining Kuwait· where the Engineering Ports, Dams, Bridges etc. In Projects (India) Ltd. is the main the International market, Mis Hindustan Steel Works Construccontractor.

It bas also completed tbe tion Ltd. is executing projects of project of Water SUpply in a broad spectrum of ·ConstrucHSCL Kuwait for Mis Bovis Inter- tion activities. Besides national and another project is negotiating projects _ in the of construction of scbool, field of turnkey ' construction Mosque and Shopping Centre of steel plants and otber ventures in as.s ociation . with , foreign IS 10 final stages of completion.

In Iraq, it is already executing compaOles 10 Afnca and 'Middle East. a H~using Project costing Rs. Tbe formation of a joint 30 crores at D(waniah. Punjab Cheml.Plants Ltd. is also entering venture of tbese two Companies tbe International market in tlie has brougbt to the construction turnkey projects in association scene of Middle East a very witb European Associates in the powerful and effective instrument ·field of Power Projects, D esalina- which has a pool of experience, tion Plants, Cements, Fertiliser orgaDlsatlonal depth and adminisand otber sucb industrial projects trative efficie ncy backed by tbe and total co mmitments of the latest know-how in tbe , field of construction.

The Company ill' International Market modern is estimated to be over Rs. 200 pioneering of tbis Joint Venture of a Public ' Sector Undertaking crores. . After negotiating succe~sfulJy of Punjab Gove rnment will be a a build ing contract in Iraq as trend setter for fresh pastures in and a joint ven ture along .with MIs tbe highly competitive in . overseas Hindustan Steel Works Construc- demanding field tion Ltd. for tbe constructiun market. of 2269 dwell ing houses and .

-Prof. O.S. Randbir

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·rHE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

10

S ugar- Alcohol- Paper Complexe's Beneficial · Sikh Scientist's- Vital Contribution . "With the crude prices increasing every few · months, it .is time to look for alternative feedstocks", says Dr. G.S. Siddhu, Director Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderahad. With no assured supply of crude, interest had been revived in coal gasification technologies and special research. Dr. Siddhu feels that it is essential to make large investments in this field.

The low temperature carboDisation industry, which could he set up indigonously, yields valuable liquid byproducts .

Methanol is a chemical with a gre .. potential. Dr. Siddhu is keenly interested in the utilisation of the by·products. He is working on gasification of coal so that gas could be developed into chemicals.

Since processes burning oil ·released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and those burning coal much more

so environ-

mental problems were bound to arise. Dr. Siddhu stresses the need to turn attention to renew-

able green plants as a source of fuel. He also advises utilising

biomass, especially agricultural and muniCipal wastes.

Dr. Siddhu feels tbere is a wide industrial base for the manufacture of commodity chemicals and derived speciality chemicals. He pOints out that the turoove.r of BASF, a German company, is nearly as much as that of our whole country in commodity and specially chemicals. Since a major product cost factor was feedstock, the energy consumption factor was becoming important. · · He increasingly advocates locating plants nearer the source of feedstock and using feedstocks wbich are indigenously available.

Quite a number of" chemicals

Iranian Ambassador Visits PAU

28th July, .1980

can be manufactured from ethanol (ethyl·alcobol) which ~s ·now produced in the country totally by . tbe fermentation of sugarcane molasses. . From the molasses now produced, an additional 1,60,000 tonnes of ethanol .. could be · manufactured every year .

Stressi·ng the advantages of developing integrated sugar alcobol paper complexes, Dr. Siddhu says tbat 1.2 million tonnes of paper could be produced from tbe surplus bagasse in the coun"try after meeting tbe energy needs. "Paper plants have to seek ba{Ilboo nearly 800 kms away, tran.port.it to the factory and after manufacturmg · paper transport it again to long distances.

Instead, he suggests economically viable small paper plants to ·produce two to three tonnes of paper. Plant and machinery for the ' paper (mills" could he made in the country· utilising locally available vegetable matter, like straw and bagasse.

Dr. Siddhu who was awarded Padma Shri in 1976 was named the winner of the Federation of Indian· Chambers of Commerce and Industry award in 1975 for the individual scientist who promotes "tecbnology witb particular reference to its interaction with industry".

In 1966, Dr.· Siddhu was awarded the K.G. Naik Gold Medal for his contrihutions which "found application or were likely to he used in the developing Indian industries". He has shown particular interest in industrial organic intermediates, drugs and pharmaceuticals, pesticides and ' wood chemistry.

Dr. Siddhu says "after a gap of several years, we bave discovered a new ·· drug". It is an anti-inOammatory drug to reduce swelling: It is to be commercially produced hy a Bombay firm.

Dr. Abolfazeal Mogtehdi, Amhassador of Iran in India visited the Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana to press for tbe admisston of a larger number of Iranian students to the PAU "in view illf this being an exceptional year for Iran". Tbere are 50 Iranian students in the University including some girls who are studying agricultural engineering. .

Tbe ·Vice-Chancellor Dr. Amrik Singo Cheema told the Ambassador that wbile in other agricultural uDiversities the number of foreign students was on 10 per cent of the total student strength, in PAU it was already 20 per cent. The Ambassador. said the Indian students had a great preference for this University. The Vice-Chancellor agreed to consider more cases for admission. ....

The Ambassador met the Iranian students and also acquainted himself with the research work of the University.

Voluntary Repatriation Of .

Asian Immigrants Suggested At a time when the· immigrants arc under cQnsidera ble pressure becau se of widespread unemployment, another danger signal appears to have been hoisted in the shape of a demand made by tbe right-wing paper "The Daily Telegraph" that tbe government should assist voluntary fepatria-

Qeing "The Times", "The Guardian" and "Tbe Financial Times".

It has unquestioned inOuence

in Tory circles. There are instances of tbe Conservative party baving reversed its. stand on some issues when ''The Daily Telegrapb" took a line diation. metrically opposed to tbat of the This type of demand has been government. A fairlY recent made in the past by fringe example was the government's politicians and organisations, and volte face . on the question of nobody paid much attention to allowing boat people from it.· But tbis is the first time that Vietnam into Britain. Mrs it has been voiced by a Thatcher bad initially opposed responsible paper wbicb is known their entry, but beat a basty for its inOuence in large seclions · retreat when the paper strongly of the Conservative party and supported the plea for even nationally. , .. granting the asylum in Britain.

It is notable that "The Daily The · demand for voluntary Telegraph" accounts fo~ over repatriation should be viewed in half of the CirCUlation of the four the context of the paper's national dailies-the other three unquestioned inHuence. Although

Dr. G.S. Siddhu, born on ·4th July, 1920 in Punjab, was brought up and educated at Lucknow (Ph.D. Organic Chemistry). He worked as a Senior Staff Instructor in the Civil Defence Staff School at Lucknow (19411944) and taught chemistry at the SMa College and at the University of Lucknow.

He then joined the Central Laboratories for Scientific and Industrial Research as Scientific Officer in 1949. This laboratory was taken over by the CSIR in 1956 and renamed as the Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad.

Siddhil has beelt the Dr. Director of this laboratory since 1962. He was also the member of the Governing Body of the CSIRfrom 1975 to 1977. He is on the Board of Directors of

s.ome companies as a nominee of the Government and has also been a member of the Development Council for Organic Chemical Industries and for Paper Pulp and Allied Industries.

He is associated with several universities in India · and is a Fellow/Member of many learned bodies both in India and abroad..

Dr. Siddhu has published seve ral resea rch papers and also has s ..eral patems to his credit.

it is couched in rather moderate controversy, it is cODveniently language, the whole intent and forgotten hy those prejudiced purposes is unmistakable. Com- against the immigrants that the menting editorially on the recent worst suffereis are Britain's assurance by Mr William ethnic minorities. In tbe northWhitelaw, the home secretary, west region of tbe couDtry, one to the immigrants that the " out of every two immigrants is government was committed to out of job. The national figure racial· equality, tbe paper said is one out of every four. .

The demand made by "Tbe today that had notbing to assuage the legitimate fears of Daily Telegraph" is the thin end white people and in particular of the wedge. Since unemploynothing to suggest that tbe ment is . generally expected to government . any longer takes increase in the" coming wiater seriously its commitment to assist even by the government, the genuinely voluntary repatr;a- demand is likely to gather force aod content. · tion" _ Another factor which is The timing of tbe demand is significant. ·As more and· more expected to lend an edge to this people are laid off as a result of demand, wbich in less responsible the government's economic circles could become a plea for repatriation, is the policies, immigrants tend to general wbite paper on become scapegoats for the failure anticipated .. of the British economy. The nationality laws. Already many charge is being levelled against Conservative . MPs are openly all further them that" they are responsible .demanding that including the for throwing white people our of immigration, . depcndent' of the families already work.

In the dust raised by the . here, should be stopped.

"ne

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

11

28th July, 1980

Remittances From Abroad Raise Punjab' Rural Standard

' Akali Patrika Editor Dead

they were, therefore, excluded Ludhiana district. The total net transfer in a single year, estimat· from the subsequent analysis. ed on the basis of remittances The data collected during the survey revealed that while nearly received from 374 persons wbo all bus bands who migrated sent have migrated from the district remittances, only half .of those since )96 I, works out to about classified as children did so. Par- Rs. 3.6 crores. As much as 60.8 ents aDd grandchildren also sent per 'cent of this amount comes remittaDces, but tbeir number from out.side the state. Only a was relatively small. Married small part of the total net inflow migrants (tw9·thirds of the total) (12.4 per cent). originates in rural , were morc likely to seDd areas. IDterestingly there is a remittaDces thaD the unmarried net outflow of over Rs. J0 lakhs per annum to rural areas of ones. neighbouring states. Tbis appears Artisans aDd other migrants to be the result of traDsfers by belonging to lower castes sent farmers of Ludhiana district wbo more remittances than -agricul· have acquired jnterests ill these turists and migrants belonging to ' states. higher castes. This may, be due Referring to the main us'e 'of to tb'e fact that former are in the low income group and their the remittaDces, the report says households are in greater need of tbat more than 75 per eeDt of the households concerned spend the remittances to meet expenses. remittaDces OD food and clothing Distance does not appear to lo(>sen family ties. On the , and over 25 per cent On house· contrary, a large percentage of hold items. The only other priority item is " ceremonies those wb'o have migrated fron;l iDcluding weddings" (9.6 per state have sent remittances. cent), wbile only a smlll proporThe data highlights the fact that it takes about three years for tion of bousebolds (6.1 per cent) use the remittances for productive II majority of migrants to feel settled and start sending remit· investment, il\uch of it for the ,of agricllltllralland, farm tances. But on the whole, the purchase equipment and inputs like seeds, The report suggests tbat tbe anal ysis shows that once the fertiliser and pesticides. growing volume of remittances migrants start sending remit· and their positive imp~ct on rural tances, they continue to do so According to the stbdy, the areas sbould not be overlooked regularly. The proportion of overall pattern of expenditure when population redistribution thos" sending remittan"es does appears to be consumption· policies are formulated . There not decline witb the period they oriented. But this should not is a need to provide investment have been away. There is thus be interpreted as being mainly opportunities to families which no evideDclO (through remittances) unproQuctive. In au economy <10 not own agricultural land or to show that family ties 'weaken in which the standard of living is enterprises, so that the, over a' period. low, consumption expenditure Another significant finding of may often be functional and Temittances they ree,ive may be ,the study is the large transfer induce significlnt improvements used profitably. of in labour productivity.

Based on a rural household of resources to rural areas 'survey carried out by ILO in Ludbiana district, the team investigated the nature and role of remittances in rilral develop. ment. A number of other ,questions were examined. For example, which types of migrants are more likely to send iemit· tances ? And . what ; are the remittances used for?

SUPER DELUXE - ........., .. , The field survey covered 2,124 households (13,058 persons). Of these, 504 had at least one "out· migrant" each, 327 had one "in· migrant" each and 137· at le.ast one " returned migrant" each.

Some households had more . than ~ 'lfc') ~ one category of migrants. The number of households that had no migrant was 1,2:<8.

For purposes of the study, an " outamigraDt", was defined as ~ itt Bern a person who bad previously been a member of the household but had left siDce 1961 to live or work elsewhere. The survey identi· (OT~~~·~) fied 1,646 such persons. Of these, OIS'''"UTOAS 949 weie warneD, who migrated .. after lltIlrriage, and children below 12 years of age. No detailed informalion was 147·0, KAlVIlA NAGAR. DElHI · IIDD07 'collected concerning them aud Remittancesfrom people "iho 'have migrated from Punjab help . in raising the income as well as 'the standards of living of rural households in the state, according ,to a study carried out by the International Labour Organi· sation in collaboration with the department of economics of Punjab University here.

'T he study, which was ,conducted by an ILO expert, Dr. A.S. Oberai, and the head of 'the economics department or Punjabi University, Dr H .K, Manmohan Singh, relates to tbe effects of migration and remittances on rural develop· ment.

It says tbat a large number ,of households receiving remittances use them for productive investment. This is particularly true of agricultural families whicb have investment opportunities in rural areas. Tbe remittances also serve to 'red istribute incomes between rural and urban areas . Moreover the huge transfer of resources from urban areas has a large potential for strengthening the Tural economy.

HAl R FI XE R'~ 'riPu

fa'd

~

~~Ci(Rd

M'S. WEMBLEY SALES CORPORATION

t - . -

Sardar Amar Singh Dosanjh; Chief Editor of Akali Patrika, died at Jullundur on July ' 22 following ' a heart attack, He was 65.

A former M.L-A. and tlie ' General ,Secretary of the Akali Dal, he iS, survived by his wife; three sons and two daughters.

The Punjab Chief Minister, S~rdar Dlirbara Singh, expressed hiS shock at the death of Sardar Dosanjh. He said Sardar Do· ' sanjh was a great patriot.

His forthright and ' forcible c0lll:ments ' on cur),emt Panthic affalfs were greatly appreciated.

He was a great thinker and ex. pressed his views with , clarity and considerable force. , Sardar Dosanjh was a .man of .noble heart and a deeplydevoted Sikh. Those. who came into contact with him, were inspired by hiS simple and loving personality. The Spokesman Weekly exteDd ' their heartfelt condolences to the bereaved family. May his 'soul rest at the Guru's feet.

.

SARDAR J.S. GREWAL . PASSES , AWAY

Sard.r Jagjit . Singh Grewal, former Chief Mining Engineer and General Manager of Raniganj Coal Association Ltd. expired at Chandigarh on 18th July, 1980 after a short illness.

He was only 57 years old. He was a Fellow of Mining Engi. neers and Chartered Engineers (London) and also a Fellow of .IDstitution of Engineers (India).

Besides he was a Member, (>f . Committee of University Grants Commission, Joint Board of Min. ing · EngiDeering and Coal Mines , Labour·Welfare Fund Advisory Committee.

He was a great philanthropist aDd a social figure· and took keen interest in various religious) cultural and social organisations.

He is survived by his wife, three daughters and one son.

A devout Sikh and a man of guts and courage, whose motto iD life was simplicity and servic~, His sweet memory shall always be cherished by many whom he had rendered assis. tance and service, and provided them With much needed relief and inspiration . The "Spokesman Weekly" prays for eternal peace · to tbe departed soul and offers Sincere condolence to , ill. berea. .v~dfamily.

---

Stir To Continue Against C.B.I.

Leaders of the AU"India Sikh Students Federation annou nced at Amritsar this week their decision 1'0 continue their agitation on the issue of- the ' alleged harassment of · Sikhs by the C.B.I. in the case of the -~ d " ...... _ .. _ Niran'-ri : ":'" Bab .. "· -u.mr er case, .

. Regd.No. D;-:(C)-85

THE "SPOKESMAN" WEEKLY

28th JulY, 1980

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