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SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la riqualificazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

Il fiume in India riveste da sempre un ruolo di primaria importanza in ambito spirituale e culturale; è infatti considerato base della vita ed elemento purificatore. Sebbene storicamente vi sia sempre stato un rapporto di simbiosi ancestrale tra città e fiume, i recenti sviluppi socio-economi del paese hanno messo in crisi questo legame.

Rivers have always had a primary role in the cultural and spiritual life of India; in fact, they are considered the basis of life and a purifying element. Although there has historically been an ancestral relationship of symbiosis between the city and the river, the recent socio-economic developments of the country have jeopardized this link.

Ahmedabad si pone come caso paradigmatico di questo complesso fenomeno. Il fiume monsonico che l’attraversa, il Sabarmati, era uno spazio di vita: sulle sue sponde si svolgevano diverse attività del quotidiano, come il lavaggio dei tessuti e il mercato tradizionale, mentre il suo letto veniva utilizzato nei periodi di secca per l’agricoltura e la raccolta della sabbia. Con lo sviluppo industriale della città e la sua rapidissima ed inarrestabile espansione, il fiume è stato fortemente inquinato dagli scarichi degli stabilimenti e si è trasformato in dimora di numerosissimi insediamenti informali; ciò ha determinando condizioni di degrado ambientale e le sponde sono diventate inaccessibili.

Ahmedabad is a paradigmatic example of this complex phenomenon: the monsonic Sabarmati river that crosses it used to be an actual living space: on its shores different everyday activities used to take place, such as the traditional laundry and daily market, while during the dry season its bed was used for farming and sand collection. With the industrial development of the city and its rapid expansion, the river has been more and more polluted by industrial waste, and started housing many illegal settlements; all this has made its shores inaccessible.

Dagli anni ‘60 si è resa indispensabile una riflessione sulla tematica e sono stati proposti dei progetti volti al recupero del riverfront, fino al recente intervento urbanistico messo in atto dalla municipalità: il Sabarmati Riverfront Development. Il progetto ha stabilito un nuovo margine artificiale del fiume ricavando nuove aree di espansione urbana, e ha regolarizzato la presenza di acqua durante tutti i mesi dell’anno tramite un sistema di dighe.

Since the early ’60s a public discussion on the Sabarmati river has been going on, and several projects for the recovery of its riverfront have been submitted, until the most recent urbanistic intervention promoted by the municipality: the Sabarmati Riverfront Development. The project built a new artificial level, thus creating new urban areas, and regularised the water flow during all year through a dam system.

Questa tesi propone di recuperare la risorsa ambientale e culturale rappresentata dal fiume ipotizzando una nuova arteria verde nel centro di Ahmedabad, capace di ristabilire l’ecosistema fluviale. Partendo da tali presupposti sono stati delineati gli ambiti e le aree di intervento, dividendo le proposte in un sistema interconnesso di scale. Il parco fluviale è pensato come elemento diversificato e attrattivo lungo tutti gli 11 Chilometri del Sabarmati; in esso vengono inoltre inserite delle polarità per attivare nuove dinamiche socio-economiche. A questo intervento si affianca un potenziamento di quelli che sono i tessuti margine tra fiume e città, specialmente quelli del centro storico: in questo ambito è stata presa in considerazione l’area tra i quattro ponti centrali, suggerendo possibili linee guida per l’edificato e le infrastrutture. Sono stati quindi presi in esame due casi studio ad una scala più ravvicinata, che suggeriscono come le indicazioni date possano materializzarsi ed integrarsi all’esistente.

This thesis suggests to recover the environmental and cultural resource represented by the river, by imagining a new green line in Ahmedabad city centre, thus restoring the river ecosystem. From this assumptions, the scopes and areas of intervention have been identified, structured in an interconnected scale system. The river park is designed as a diversified attractive element along all the 11 kilometres of the Sabarmati; centres to collect new socioeconomic dynamics are also included in the project. This intervention is complemented by the enhancement of the margin fabrics between the river and the town, especially the one in the historical centre: in this framework, the area among the four main bridges has been tackled, with adequate giduelines for the buildings and infrastructures. Finally, two case studies have been considered on a closer scale, alleging how the intervention may take place and integrate the existing features.

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio


Milions

10

200

Rural population

500

Growing economic rate

Urban population

1911

1931

1951

1971

1991

2010

Concentration of particulated matter of 2,5 μg or less

India in the XXI century appears as a nation proud of its role of emergent global power; together with Brazil, China and Russia it’s been considered by Jim O’Neil as one of the most influent economies in the next mid-century. To refer to this group of rapid growing countries, the term BRIC was coined.

Reworked datas from World Develpment Indicators 2016 50 50 Trillion

1990

40 40 2,5

2013 2013

30

230

Reworked datas from The World Bank 2009 - 2014

1990

Milions

China

2030

Countries’ economic growth and most polluted cities

Average annual growth of per capita GDP

Indian population trend

India 17,5 %

0

China

Brazil

Russian Fed

India

Pakistan

Japan

U.S.A

Bangladesh

Other countries

Indonesia

Nigeria

200 150

1911

1970 1975 1980 1985

1990 1995

World’s fastest growing cities

2000 2005

No data Concentration of particulated matter of 10 μg or less in urban areas

10 10 100

Large cities of 5 Rural population Large cities of 5 10milion milion toto10

88 500

Medium-sizedcities cities Medium-sized milion Urban population ofof1 1toto55milion

606

Citiesofof500 500000 000 Cities milion toto1 1milion

44

1911

1931

1951

1971

1991

2010

2,5-2 -2 2

Main indian cities on river banks by population

Delhi

Pakistan India 17,5 %

Nepal

Ganga

Jaipur

Yamuna

1

Bhutan

Lucknow

0,5

1960 1965

Africa Africa

Asia Asia

Europe Europe

Latin Latin America America

Nothen Northen America America

Oceania Oceania

China

Brazil

Russian Fed

India

Pakistan

Japan

U.S.A

Bangladesh

Other countries

Indonesia

Nigeria

City shape

Rivers

Foundation

Area

Population (metropoly)

Source: Census 2011

Source: Census 2011

1960 1965

Dahisar Poisnar Ohiwara

Mumbai

Delhi

Yanuma

Maharashtra

Delhi Union Territory

300 BC Maruya Empire

3500 BC BC Maruya Empire

603 km2

1970 1975 1980 1985

2000 2005

Mumbai

12

Megacities of 10 milions or more

10

Large cities of 5 to 10 milion

11,034,555 6

8

Medium-sized of 1 to 5 mili

6

Cities of 500 to 1 milion

0

Hyderabad

-2

Africa

Asia

Europe

Medium-sized cities of 1 to 5 milion

16,314,838

Large cities o to 10 milio

Myanmar

2

Pune

21 000 ab/km2

Megacities of milions or mo

4

Godavari

2010 2015

18,414,288

12,442,373

8

1484 km2

1990 1995

2010 2015

Kolkata

10

Surat

Density

2000 2005

12

Narmada

Population (city) 0,5

1990 1995

Bangladesh

Ahmedabad

1,5

State

1970 1975 1980 1985

Shipra

1

Name

2030

2030

00 Trillion

50-99 μg/m3

2010

1,5

22

100-149 μg/m3

1991

2 Megacitiesofof10 10 Indian population Megacities milionsorormore more milions

>150 μg/m3

1971

2,5

150 12 12

Reworked datas from WHO (World Health Organisation) 2008 - 2015

1951

Trillion

2010 2015

Milions Source: World Urbanization Prospects 2014, 200 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Less than 0

1931

AAs siaia SSo ouuth th

1960 1965

0 - 1,9

E aan Eaasst ndd t AA PPaa ssia cciif fiic M No Miidd Nor ddle rtthh A le Ea AffricEasst ric a t a SuS bu-b S AAf -aSahha rfirc arar iaca ann EEuu CCee roropp nntrtr ee a aal l annd AAssi d iaa LaLa tintin AAmm eerir cicaa NNo orrth th A Amm eeri ricca a

1

2,0 - 3,9

Urban population

0

10 10

00 μg/m3 0,5

Rural population

500

Afghanistan

1,5

4,0 - 5,9

Indian population

100

20 20

6,0 or more

E an ast d As Pa ia cif ic M i No d d rth le Af Eas ric t a Su bS Af aha ric ra a n Eu Ce rop nt r e a l an As d ia La tin Am eri ca No rth Am eri ca

A civilization of holy water

As ia

100

0

Indian population

So uth

ECONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA

150

Cities of 5002000 12 592 ab/km to 1 milion

Latin America

Nothen America

Oceania

Geographical map

4 2

Karnataka Bangalore

Vrishabhavathi

Bangalore

0

1537 Kempegowda I

709 km2

8,443,675 -2 Africa

0-200 m

Chennai

8,499,399 Asia

Europe

Latin America

Nothen America

Oceania

11 876 ab/km

200-400 m

Kaveri

2

400-600 m 500-1000 m Telengana Hyderabad

Musi

1591 AD Muhammad Quli Qutb

650 km2

6,731,790

7,749,334

1000-2000 m

10 477 ab/km2

Sri Lanka

2000-3000 m 3000-4000 m Gujarat Ahmedabad

Sabarmati

1411 AD Ahmed Shah

464 km2

5,577,940

6,352,254

>4000 m

Gujarat, land of legends

13 690 ab/km2

Overview Tamil Nadu Cooum Adyar

Chennai

West Bengal Hooguy

Kolkata

Stone Age Pallavaram

426 km2

1960 English East India Company

185 km2

4,646,732

8,696,010

14,112,536

Main cities 24 000 ab/km

Economy

Urban

2

State highways

Rural

National highways

Services

Hindu

Industry

Muslim

Agriculture

Other Source: CMIE and Census of India 2011

The significance of water in Hindu religion Beliefs and mythology In ancient Hindu mythology water is relayed as the basis for life, elixir of immortality, and the foundation of the whole world. Water has always played a key role in the belief system culture of Hinduism.

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Practices

The sacred rivers Ganga

In Hinduism, all water is sacred, especially that of rivers, in which it is believed a spirit (usually goddess) dwells and controls the flow of the water.

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

Religion

Gujarat is located in the western part of India. It is known to be an important industiral hub and one of the fastest growing states of India, expecially in its main urban areas: Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot.

10 907 ab/km2

4,496,694

Population

The flow of rivers is connected to vital energy: in the Baghavata Purana, the entire visible world is depicted as the body of god Krishna, whom veins and arteries were the rivers themselves.

In Hindu Religion, taking a bath (Snanam) in a sacred river can purify the soul and washes sins away.

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Confluences are particularly holy; they represent important spots of pilgrimage and celebration.

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Water is used at the three major events during the life-cycle: birth, puberty and death.

Gangas’ water plays a central role in Hindu rites and rituals, with the ability to heal, cure and liberate the soul.

Yamuna

Kaveri

Godavari

Going by the Indian mythology, Yamuna is the one of the consorts of Lord Krishna.

River Kaveri is one of the few prominent rivers in the Southern India, and it’s known as the Ganges of the south.

According to the Hindu beliefs, a holy bath in the sacred water of Godavari liberates a person from the sins.

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Narmada

It is believed that Narmada descended straight from the sky on the order of Lord Shiva.

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

Sarasvati

dried

It is believed that the mythological Sarasvati flows underground and joins Ganges and Yamuna in Allahabad.

Kshipra

River Kshipra aka Shipra is one of the sacred rivers of Hinduism. The ancient holy city of Ujjain is situated on its banks.


INTRODUCING AHMEDABAD

Overview of a fast-growing metropolis in the Global South

Administrative sectors and landuse

Green open spaces in Ahmedabad Population growth rate by zone

Ahmedabad’s territory is organized and planned by different administrative authorities:

Residential

Commercial

5%

5%

1%

2,5%

0,5%

2%

Central

• AMC (Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation), responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Ahmedabad. The municipality is then divided in:

Industrial

48%

34%

West 24%

- 6 zones (central, west, east, south, north, new west) - 64 wards

24%

South

• AUDA (Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority) carries out the sustained planned development of the area falling outside the perimeter of Ahmedebad Municipal Corporation.

13%

1%

East

14%

1%

33%

12,5%

1,5%

North

Open Space

Public land

Mixed use

13%

4%

11,5%

9%

0,5%

4,5%

3%

7%

1%

4%

0,5%

7%

Other 24%

40%

40%

16%

44%

7%

34%

14,5%

65% 19%

New west

Source: AUDA DP 2021

2%

1,5%

5%

Population Ahmedabad has been subjected to an impresPopulation sive increase in population after the eighties: from 2,159,127 inhabitants registered in 1981, to 3,520,085 in 2001 until the actual Central AMC - Central zone 7,214,225 (source: Census 2011). Migrants come mostly from the rural areas of Ahmeda-AMC -West East zone bad’s bordering villages. Nearly 90% of AUAMC - New East west zone DA’S Inhabitants live in the urbanized area of AMC - North Southzone AMC. Northzone AMC - South Relocations happen between the city areas as AMC - West New zone west well, from the historical center to the newest AUDA AUDA lots. IndiaIndia

Informal Work

Population by ward

growth rate by zone

Total population by ward and villages

Increment of the informal workers

0-3000

54%

3000-5000

24%

35%

3000-5000

5000-10000

37%

5000-10000

10000-20000

23%

69%

Men

Females

60000-90000

Informal workers per zone

90000-120000

Central: 18 273 West: 16 219 East: 8 975

120000-150000

90000-120000

22%

2009-2010

35000-60000

60000-90000

19%

1987-1988

20000-35000

35000-60000

36%

38%

10000-20000

20000-35000

16%

49%

0-3000

North: 8 348

120000-150000

Reworked datas from AUDA DP 2021

New west: 7 377 South: 7 376

Source: AUDA DP 2021

Source: AIILGS, April 2011

1

Roads and transportation Main roads’ network

Ahmedabad is well connected through roads’ infrastructures, railroads and the airport. Thus, the increase of vehicles (from 2001 till 2009 the growth rate has been approximately of 103%, source: AUDA DP 2021) causes the congestion of the main axes.

Vehicles’ growth

4

% of vehicles’ distribution Motorcycles

Quantity

Railroads

3

73%

Taxies

0,5%

2

2,000,000

Highways

1,500,000 1,000,000

Ring roads

The majority of urban streets in Ahmedabad have poor accessibility to pedestrian, and in some areas crossing the road is quite impossible.

Rickshaws

500,000

15%

Trucks

6%

Main roads 1981

1991

2001

2011

Buses

Cars

13%

3 wheelers 4 wheelers

Total 2 wheelers Source: AUDA DP 2021

2%

Source: AUDA DP 2021

Source: AUDA DP 2021

Green open spaces Parks’ types

Only the 4% of the 450 km2 of AMC area is devoted to green public spaces such as parks and gardens (source: AUDA DP 2021), which are mostly in the western area.

Neighbourhood Park

Community Park

City-Level Park

0-4000

4000-20000

20000-800000

Size (m2)

With the increase of the population, more green areas are needed in order to guarantee the space quality of Ahmedabad’s most congested areas.

% of green spaces by zone Trees pe Ha in AMC area

Pedestrian Access (m)

800

400

New west

% of green spaces in AMC area

South

Trees pe Trees Ha inpe AMC Ha area in AMC area New West

West

South West

East

800

East North

TreesNorth pe Ha in AMC area 5 min walk

n° in AMC

10 min walk

46

0m

50

2%

New west 776 trees/Ha

Green streets

Reworked datas from ISSN

0,5 - 1

Cultivated land

Public parks

N

Parks on waterfronts

Case of study

1 - 2,5 2,5 - 5 5 - 7,5

2

THE PARK: Law garden 50 m 10 10

North 2081 trees/Ha

% of parks by size in AUDA area

Case studies of Indian public spaces Formal Activities

West 1984 trees/Ha

East 1093 trees/Ha

Source: AUDA DP 2021

LEGEND

South 1143 trees/Ha

Trees pe Ha in AMC area

10 min drive

78

54

Central 1854 trees/Ha

Central

Central

Catchment

1

Trees/ha in city zones Trees pe Ha in AMC area

250 50 50 m

10

100

500 m 10100 100

Institutional Commercial

3

THE WATERFRONT: Kankaria lake 12,5 - 25 25 - 50

Located 100 amidst the western part of 10 the city, predominatly institutional and reTo Nerhu Bridge To Nerhu Bridge sidential. The triangular space of the park is surrounded by roads on all sides. However, the barriers along the edges divide this internalised open space with extroverted peripheral space. 50

50

ToToNerhu Bridge Nerhu Bridge To Nerhu Bridge

Religious

7,5 - 12,5

100

100

0m

50

100 m 100 100 100 100 500

500 500m 500 1000

100

> 50

500500

1000

1000 m 1000

To Nerhu Bridge

To walled city

To walled city To walled city To walled cityTo walled city

Recreational

100 500 1000 Waterfronts represent very pleasant10 ventila50 10 ted spaces in the arid climate of AhmedaTo walled city AD, Kankaria lake’s banbad. Built in 1451 ks now host a garden which is a centre of recreation and leisure, offering a wide range of activities: a zoo, a swimming pool, a gymnasium, a boat house and many others. It attracts many users and vendors.

1000 1000

50 100

4

THE SQUARE: Manek Chowk

0 m 10 100

1050 m

50100 10m

10050

10

50 100

100

10 Since city’s foundation, Manek Chowk has 10 10 50 50 100 100 been one of the most successful urban nodes. Its name means ruby square; this name is borrowed from the many jeweller’s bazaars which surround the quadrangolar void. This square undergoes a radical transformation throughout the day accomodating a wide and diverse range of activities on a daily basis.

50

THE STREET: Gandhi road

0 m 1010 m 100

50 m 50

100 m 10

100

Gandhi road was the first axes to be created during the foundation of the city. Since then, it represented the economical core of Ahmedabad and presents some important religious buildings. Nowadays it hosts a street market, which occupies the side of the street next to the shops. The vehicular traffic is very intense in this area and it collides with the dense flow of pedestrians.

50

100

To Nerhu Bridge

To Nerhu Bridge

Informal Activities

To Nerhu Bridge To Nerhu Bridge To Nerhu Bridge

To Nerhu Bridge

LAW GARDEN KANKARIA Users LAW timeGARDEN to reach Users frequency TIME TO REACH

Food stalls

TIMEFREQUENCY TO REACH

FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH

KANKARIA

TIME TO FREQUENCY REACH

LAW GARDEN LAWCHOWK GARDEN GANDHI ROAD GANDHI ROAD MANEK MANEK CHOWK Users

FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH

KANKARIA GANDHI ROAD KANKARIA GANDHI ROAD time to reach Users frequency FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY

TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY TO REACH TIME TO REACH TIME TO FREQUENCYTIME FREQUENCY TIME TO FREQUENCY REACH FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY REACH

FREQUENCY

TIME TO REACH

MANEK CHOWK MANEK CHOWK LAW GARDEN LAW GARDEN

KANKARIA

TO REACH FREQUENCY TIMEFREQUENCY TO REACH TIME TIME FREQUENCY TO REACH TO REACHTIME TO REACH FREQUENCYTIMEFREQUENCY

KANKARIA

TIME TO FREQUENCY REACH

LAWfrequency GARDEN MANEK GANDHI ROAD LAW CHOWK GARDEN MANEK CHOWK Users GANDHI time toROAD reach Users

TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY

KANKARIA

FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY FREQUENCY

KANKARIA

TIME TOFREQUENCY REACH

GANDHI ROADGANDHI ROAD

TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY

TIME TOFREQUENCY REACH

CHOWK MANEK CHOWK Users MANEK time to reach Users frequency

TIME TO REACH FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY TIME TO REACH

FREQUENCY

< 5 min

Daily

< 5 min

Daily

< 5 min

Daily

< 5 min

Daily

5-15 min 15-30 min > 30 min

Once/week Once/month Rarely

5-10 min 10-15 min 15-20 min > 20 min

Once/week Once/month Rarely

5-10 min 10-15 min 15-20 min > 20 min

Once/week Once/month Rarely

5-15 min 15-30 min > 30 min

Once/week Once/month Rarely

Objects’ vendors KANKARIA

TIME TO REACH

GANDHI ROAD GANDHI ROAD

KANKARIA

KANKARIA

GANDHI ROAD GANDHI ROAD KANKARIA KANKARIA

KANKARIA

GANDHI ROAD GANDHI ROAD KANKARIA KANKARIA

GANDHI ROADGANDHI ROAD

Recreational 5 am

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Morning

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

12 am

Afternoon

7 pm

Evening

2 am

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

5 am

Morning

12 am

Afternoon

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

7 pm

Evening

2 pm

5 am

Morning

12 am

Afternoon

7 pm

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Evening

2 pm

5 am

Morning

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

12 am

Afternoon

7 pm

Evening

2 am


GLIMPSES OF THE PAST

The importance of Sabarmati in Ahmedabad’s history

First fortification and later expansions

The historic centre Existing gates Main monuments Ancient walls Heritage walk

FIRST FORTIFICATION The Sabarmati has a key role on the city’s establishment. The first colonists chose the elevated area at the east of the river to protect themselves from flooding.

FIRST COMMERCIAL ROUTE The city developed along the first axis, connecting Bhadra citadel to Jami Masjid. Various merchants settled along this nucleus, which developed a zone of markets.

INFRASTRUCTURAL NETWORK The first infrastructure network is defined from the streets that connect the main gates to the productive centre.

ORGANIC PATTERN The growth of the irregular pattern of streets determined the subdivision of the land, which is characterized by dense and compact tissue.

EXPANSION UNDER BRITISH DOMINATION Since its foundation the city conserved a semi-circular shape defined by the walls. Thus, with the construction of Ellis Bridge, the city begun to expand on the west banks.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH After the Independence achieved in 1947, a strong migration from Sind region occurred, which led to an impressive growth of the city on both sides of the river.

Pols on Heritage walk

Urban morphology

Urban evolution

Pols: units of the historic urban fabric The historic city of Ahmadabad is constituted of residential settlements named ‘Pol’. It has a specific scale of its community based on settlement grouping. Several of such settlements combined together form a ‘Pur’: a neighborhood. These various ‘Pur’ have its own urban structure which is self sufficient for the communities, where each ‘Pol’ is once again a self sufficient unit.

1411 1501 1854 1911 1939 1960 Current expansion

Birds’ feeder

Pol’s gate

Badhra fort 1411 Sealed off well

Raikhad gate 1489

Pol’s temple

Teen Darwaza 1415

Jumma Masjid 1424

Swaminarayan Mandir Kalupur - 1822

Pol’s gate Pol’s street

Key events Traditional market on the river bed, established in 1440

Lithograph by Philip Baldeus depicting the city and the river

City walls of Ahmedabad

River as a place for washing and drying clothes

Ellis Bridge construction -1892

Ghandi’s speech for the Salt March - 1930

Scene depicting textile workers H.C. Bresson - 1967

Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project 2001

1411 - City establishment

1486 - The fort wall

1572 - The Mughal Emperor

1758 - The Maratha

1858 - British occupation

1947 - Indian Independence

1960 - Ahmedabad capital

When Ahmad Shah took the trone, he abandoned the old capital of Patan and shifted his new capital on the elevated plain of Bhadraon, at the east bank of the Sabarmati river, establishing there his royal residence. According to legend says he chose this location because he saw a rabbit chasing a dog, which to him was a methaphore for strength and bravery.

The sultan Mahmud Begado, grandson of Ahmed Shah, built the second fortification of the city, a10 Kilometers long wall, which still exixts in part , with 189 towers and 12 gates. New streets and gardens were planned and the city gained new sumptuous buildings, which made Ahmedabad splendid.

The Mughal emperor Akbar ended the independent sultanate and made Gujarat a province of his empire. During his kingdom, Ahmedabad confirmed its commercial importance, becoming the main exporter in the opium and textile sector. It achieved maximal prosperity and remained the most important city in Gujarat.

For 20 year the Marathes shared the administration of the city with the Mughals. In 1578 the Maratha’s armies drove out the last Mughals’ successor. During Marathas domination the city was neglected. It was in a state of ruins with its puras deserted and the city walls tumbled down.

The british East Indian Company imposed colonial status upon the city. During the second half of the 19th century, the economic growth of the city was derived from the textile industry: three textile mills were built within the wall and another 80 outside. Ahmedabad become known as the “Manchester of India”.

In 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi settled his two ashrams on the banks of river Sabarmati. Therefore, the city had a key role for the Indian Independece’s achievement. It is on the dired bed of the river Sabarmati that Gandhi started his famous Salt March in 1930, to protest against the taxation on salt’s collection imposed by the British Administration.

Since the 60’s, Ahmedabad became a metropolis equipped with western style buildings, institutions and research centres. The city became capital of the state of Gujarat untill 1970. It became an important financial pole and it acquired a key role in the technology sector.

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio


THE NEW RIVERFRONT

Potential and criticism of the Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project

Background

How it was

1964

Ahmedabad had always turned its back to the river, due to its unpredi7 ctable behaviour and relative problems 6 connected to it. Since Sabarmati was 5 a seasonal river, it ran practically dry 4 for nine months of the year and car3 ried water mostly during the monsoon season. The dry river bed and2 river banks were used for farming and1 a re0 gular weekly market, Ravivaari, as well as other activities such as the circus. Until about the 1970s, the river was also the city’s prime source of water.

French Architect Bernard Kohn creates a proposal for Integrated Planning & Development of Sabarmati Riverfront project

Riverfront Development Group proposes an incremental approach to reduce the need for initial capital investment. Daroi Dam is built.

1976

The project in brief A seasonal river

The project aims to provide Ahmedabad with a meaningful waterfront environment along the banks of the Sabarmati and to redefine the identity of Ahmedabad around the river.

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Reclaimed Area 200 Ha

Total Lenght 12 KM J

F

M

A

M

The structure of the river banks

J

J

A

S

O

N

The key feature of the project is a two-level,continuous promenade.

Water Retention & Recharge

300-600 m 275 m

Main actors reclaimed area

Rajasthan Pakistan

Economic activities on the riverbed

1992

Ahmedabad

National River Conservation Plan proposes construction of sewers and pumping stations at the periphery of the city as well as the upgrading of existing sewage treatment plants

Clothes dyeing and washing

Slum existing after 1991

Sand collection

2011

2

The sewage line

SRFDC

Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation

Sabarmati

3

Beginning of works on the riverfront

2003

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

Narmada canal

Cultivation lands

upper promenade

lower promenade

AMC

Daroi dam

Informal markets

1

D

Water level

Slum existing before 1991

The descents

Relocated Households 1400

Households affected 12000

Earth filled 1,21 km3

The river banks

EPC

Maharashtra

Riverfront opens to the public

Dams

Catchment Area

Environmental Planning Collaborative

CHP Design proposition

Interceptor sewage line

Ahmedabad

Masterplan proposed by SRFDC | Scale 1: 10000 Legend Institution

CHP Squares

Development sites

Parks

Sports’ fields

0

100 mt 200 mt

500 mt

Design proposition

1000 mt

AMC

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

SRFDC

Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation

EPC

Environmental Planning Collaborative

Completed areas Area : 6.0 ha It will serve for Shahibaug-Dudheshwar neighbourhoods

Subhash Bridge Park

Area : 1.8 ha It will serve as a neighbourhoods park and it will strengthen the green space network on the western part of the city

Critical issues Objectives Enviromental improvement

?

?

Accessibility

Usmanpura park

Area: 6.5 ha It has been designed as on open air market with a functional arrangement of platforms where vendors can display their goods

Riverfront market

Area: 5.0 ha It has been envisioned as a permanent flower garden with native and exotic flower species

? The relocation issues

The shadow issue

?

Flower garden

The seek for water connections

Area : 5.7 ha It has been planned to offer a wide range of venues for local and international events

Events ground

Public spaces for who?

Area: 0.9 ha It has been created to provide state-ofart facilities for the washing community that used the river for laundering

Laundry campus

? spaces ?A series of divided

Social infrastructure

Sustainable development

Weakness Threatment

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

The project is weakened by the difficulties of accessibility from the inner part of the city centre, as there still exist several barriers which divide the riverfront land from the city. For example, it is often impossible to reach the riverfront from the bridges and therefore, from the main axes of the city centre.

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

There is an important lack of shadow on the river promenades, which make the utilisation of the infrastructure really uncomfortable during the hottest months of the year. This is due to the scarcity of ground and water provided to the green line on lower riverfront walkway.

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

The relocation of the slum dwellers next to the riverfront banks could have been improved by being more equal. There were a number of challenges with the way the process of relocation was conducted. Early engagement of NGOs to facilitate the process of relocation would have also helped improving the process.

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

The project doesn’t create occasions for the citizens to have a closer experience to the water, and doesn’t fully take the opportunities of the special quality provided by the element of water, which is very important in hindu tradition.

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

The project claims itself as the solution to bring back the river to Ahmedabad citizens. Nevertheless, the already finished parks of Usmanpura Park and Subhash Bridge Park have a restricted access to urban poors, having an entrance fee and not allowing less wealthy urban dwellers to access to the parks.

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

The different programs for the land use propose a program which tends to divide the land close to the river. Also, they propose several constructions which risk to congest the site and could be not suitable for the fragile areas next to the river, as the possibility of flooding is not completely assured.


A DIVIDED CITY

Analysis of urban fabric and its physical components An extraordinary space: the street

Comparison of east end west Ahmedabad has three distinct urban morfologies, the old walled city, the eastern industrial section and the western part. The city is physically divided by the Sabarmati river. The east bank houses the old city;an area full of bazaars and markets, the rigid closed system of houses pol,temples and mosques. The western part of town grew thanks to the construction of Ellis Bridge in 1875. In this part there are institutions, modern buildings, well planned residential areas, shopping centers and business districts

Walled City

East

washing

storage

gathering

playing

resting

commerce

animal

parking

cooking

East

-

West

+

Residential High Density

Residential Low density

Discontinuous Commercial Fabric

Slum Area

Dense Commercial District

Well Planned Residential

Business District

Secondary Road, Bhai Center Road - 12 mt

Village Street - 3 mt

Secondary Road, Khanpur Road- 10 mt

Slum Footpath

Main Road, Ashram Road - 28 mt

Secondary Road - 6 mt

Riverfront Road - 18 mt

P

West

Analysis of urban fabric | Scale 1:10000 Residential

Istitution

private

Commercial

Industrial

Slum

Religious

public

street

east views

city walls

west views

Existing Parks

4 3

Sardar Bridge

5

B’

e

7

ru B Neh

ridg

i Br

6

bed kar Brid ge

C A’

Dr A m

1

ge

hi Brid g

C’

2

di Brid Ghan

e

D

Dadhic

S

ha ub

sh

A

e dg

ridge Ellis B

B

D’

5 mt

50 mt

0 10 mt

5 mt 0 10 mt

100 mt

0

50 mt

100 mt 200 mt

500 mt

1000 mt

100 mt

Section A-A’ | Scale 1:2000 Section BB’ | Scale 1:2000

Section CC’ | Scale 1:2000

Section DD’ | Scale 1:2000

Urban Landmarks along the riverbanks 1

2

GHANDI ASHRAM

MILL’S OWNER BUILDING

SIDI SAIYAD MASJID

Ghandi created the Ashram in 1917 in a piece of open land on the banks of the river. He wanted to do some experiments in living eg farming, animal husbandry, cow breeding. It served as one of the main centres of the Indian freedom struggle. .

It is a modern architecture,designed by Le Corbusier who built it in 1954 the new headquarters of the association. It sits between Ashram Road and Sabarmati River. Le Corbusier designed the openings to frame views of the river below.

It is one of the most famous mosques of Ahmedabad, built in 1573 in the last year of the existence of the sultanate of Gujarat. It is entirely arcuated and it is famous for its beautiful carved ten stone windows on the side.

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

5

4

3

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

6

BHADRA FORT

AHMED SHAH MOSQUE

SANSKAR KENDRA

The fort is situated in the walled city area.It was built by Amhad Shah in 1411. It consists of royal places, mosques, gates and open spaces.

It is a religious place for Muslims that is well known for its architectural designing. It was constructed in 1411 A.D. by sultan Ahmad Shan, the founder of the city. It is one of the oldest Mosques of the city.

It is a city museum disegned by Le Corbusier in 1954, depicting history, art, culture and architecture. It was originally a part of a large complex of Cultural Centre, which wasn’t entirely built.

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

7 TAGORE HALL

It is a modern theatre designed by the architect Doshi in 1966


10 mt

A CLOSER LOOK

Discovering the interstitial fabric of Bhadra and Jamalpur

80, 000 street vendors in Ahmedabad

Main actions of SEWA SECONDARY CAUSES

How the Vendor Types acquire the goods (%)

EFFECTS

Food

Section A-A’ - Scale 1| 750 0 mt

Total B

Police Intervention

Immigration in urban areas

Urban beautification projects Growing number of vendors

Indian Economic growth

Increasing number of Supermarkets

Economical instability

Inflation

Vendors on the ground

Loans provision

Eviction of vendors

Acquire them for free Education on rights

Giuridical support

Buy them from other street vendor

SEWA

Lack of allotted spaces

City Walls

Buy them from an informal enterprise

Network creation

Harassment protection

B’ A’

Increase of competition

Section B-B’ - Scale 1|750

Buy them from a formal enterprise Formation

Growth of prices for goods

Acquire from a formal supplier to sell on commission

Walls City Walls

Height : 3 - 9 mt

Difference in height

Fences Not permeable

Walls

Accesses Concrete

Brick

Materials:

Other

Vendors with stands

city walls,barrier

LEGEND

Fences Height : 3-9 mt Not permeable

Height : 1-3 mt Semi permeable grate

Fences

brick concrete No storage and structure

Selling flowers

50 mt

Gap with no connection

A

Urban planning ideologies

40% of street vendors are women

Objects

10 mt

Make or grow myself

Bribes Weak law protection

50 mt

Accessibility and barriers

Main issues PRIMARY CAUSES

50 mt

0 mt

Analysis and problematics of informal vendors Introducing informality

10 mt

0 mt

Platform created with boxes

Cots and beds used to display goods

Selling fruits on moving cart with weather protection

Small space required selling flowers

Designed moving cart

Designed moving cart to sell icecream

Quality of the public spaces and its uses, activity mapping

Height : 3 - 9 mt Not permeable Materials:

concrete Height : 1 - 3 mt Semipermeable Materials:

Brick

Concrete

Grate

Concrete

Concrete

Grate

Fences

Analysis oh the historic walls

Localisation of accesses

Presence of solide waste

Localisation of staircase

State of degrade

Identification of City Gate

Height : 1 - 3 mt Semipermeable Materials:

to Swami Vivekananda Rd

Sardar Bridge

to Ghandi Road

JAMALPUR MARKET started in 1989. Now the same tradition continues over generations. The majority of traders are from Gujarat

to Relief Road

LEGEND

GAEKWAD-NI-HAVELI was built during

the joint rule of the Marathas and the Mughals. It is a fortified enclosure and remains an ISOLATED ELEMENT in the city.

Religious buildings

B to Mirzapur Road

Cricket area VICTORIA GARDEN is one of

Barbers

the most popular place for people who desire to chill out.

Stands

Ellis Bridge

B’ BHADRA SQUARE is the main square of the walled city and forms its HISTORIC CORE. It is surrounded by historycal structures,religious buildings and famous bazars.This is a city area of immense HERITAGE VALUE

Vendors on the ground

LAL DARWAZA BUS STATION is a traffic CONGESTED

Considerable buildings

point situated in an ISTITUTIONAL area.

Nehru Bridge Slums Urban Voids

LAL DARWAZA is a public park but

lack of maintenace and accessibility has rendered it a very PASSIVE SPACE

Reclaimed Land

Zoom on congestioned area of mosque

Zoom on Nehru Bridge

Zoom on congestioned area of Bhadra

Level of traffic

Traffic and flows

Daily flow

Bhadra fort

barber street slum

residences

hotels

hospital

historic walls

mosque

Zoom on Sunday Market

pedestrian traffic

Workingday flow

mosque

bus traffic

Istitutional area

high traffic maximum concentration of traffic

people

Night flow

Sunday morning flow

Quality of space

restaurants , banks

Morning

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

14.00

Traffic during the day Afternoon

20.00

Evening

2.00

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

medium

low

8.oo

Morning

14.00

Afternoon

Traffic during the day

under the bridge

on the bridge

20.00

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Evening

sunday market

city walls

park

Traffic during the day

8.oo

Nehru bridge

riverfront street

vehicles 2.00

people

people under the bridge

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

bus station

Areas with the maximum concentration of traffic High traffic

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Medium traffic

8.oo

Morning

14.00

on working day

Afternoon

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

20.00

on Sunday

Evening

people 2.00

vendors


THE STRATEGY

Identification of the overall strategic lines Individuation of strategic guidelines

Mental map | Definition of thematics Social problematics

Infrastructure

Re-think the infrastructure Connect to the historic centre

New economic polarity

Presence of river

Recovery local know-how

Reconnection to the water ETHICAL ECONOMY

SUSTAINABILITY

URBAN QUALITY

LINEAR PARK

DENSE FABRICS

Fragmentation

Artisan tradition

HERITAGE

ACCESSIBILITY

Densify the disintegrated fabrics

Connect to the historic centre

Green Grid

Linear park

Barriers

Reconnection to the water

Re-think the infrastructure

Traffic

Infrastructure

Make the area usable

Congestion

Consolidate the primary connections Open new accesses towards the river

CONNECT Accessibility

Re-stitch the historic core of the city

Green grid

Urban Fabrics

Densify the disintegrated fabrics New economic polarity

Create an ecological infrastructure

Pollution

Make a system of exixsting green open spaces

Sustainability

Make the park an attraction and generate growth processes

SHARING

Create meeting places, to enjoy the space and to promote a sustainable development

Urban fabrics

Recompose the structure of the city

Fragmentation

Integrate the urban voids

Integrate the informal fabrics Space Quality

DIFFERENT PROGRAMS

Involve public and private stakeholders in heritage conservation

Definition of processes Strategy’s structure Green Grid AMC

RIGID ELEMENTS

Infrastructure

Agricultural Cooperatives

Environmental Park

WHO

WHO

Cooperative

WHAT Self-production

Urban Fabrics Market

Private Group

WHO

WHAT

Environmental Park

FLEXIBLE ELEMENTS

Working Hub Cultural Center

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

amc

WHAT Start-up

Innovative systems

University

Research

Waste collectors

Waste management

WHO AMC + SEWA

WHO

WHAT Integrate the economic potential Give new production spaces

Mill’s owner Association + CHC

WHAT Maintenance

Cultural programs

Agricultural Cooperative

Local NGOs

Citizens

Private companies +

Cultural Center

Working Hub

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

SEWA

Exportation to the vendors

SEWA

Freelancer

Coworking

Citizens, tourists

WHY

WHY

WHY

WHY

Rediscover nature and a better quality of life

Strengthen basic and applied research

Improve the conditions of informal workers

Recover modern buildings and reactivate cultural amenities

Enable networks of people and propel the economy

Stimulate the management of solid waste with innovative systems

Create a meeting and education place

Extend the Heritage Walk

Encourage social inclusion of vulnerable people

Built production facilities for clean energy

Encourage the regularization of the artisans

Create cultural events to enhance the local art

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio


urban farming parks workers park the hill

THE RIVERFRONT PARK sports park

recycling park

Proposed patterns for the green stretch along the Sabarmati

sculpture park floating park

relaxing park

Typologies distinction

Time schedule

Environmental park

Spiritual park

Urban farming

Sculpture park

Workers park

The hill

Sports park

Floating garden

Proposed parks’ sequence

Short term_5 years

Mid term_10 years

How parks relate to the existing tissues

Long term_15 years

36%

Planting trees on the whole linear park’s stretch

Provision of cyclo pedestrian ways accross the park

Workers park

The hills

Sports park

Cultural park

Environmental Urban farming park

i

P Environmental park

Urban farming

Workers park

PIndustial

Sculpture park

Floating garden

park

Residential i Slums

P

i

P

P P

P

On the pic-nic areas, more trees are planted in order to provide shadow

P

P 40 m

10 m

A fenced area keeps the cows separated from the users

P

i

i

10 m

20 m

P

This park could host many food vendors that are nowadays on the street, covered pic nic areas for workers to enjoy their meal outdoor. These could also be used for afterworks. WHAT’S NEEDED:

The area closer to the most inhabited neighbourhoods P should host new fields for the citizens to grown their own vegetables. An open structure hosts the farming cooperative, which could be managed by SEWA.

P

Commercial

P

i

10 m

20 m

0m

P

i

The area could host a landfill that could initiate a recycling practice in Ahmedabad, and a Biogas digester that could make resources from waste. The park also aims to inform and stimulate a critic conscience on environmental problematics to the citizens.

P

i

P

i

Sculpture garden P

i

i

P

The services’ boxes are used for toilets, changing rooms and places to rent and stock sportive material

i

Proper illumination and trees’ arrangement should be studied to enhance the sculpture’s exhibition

i

P

i

40 m

40 m

40 m

10 m

Commercial

The biogas dygester produces energy out of organic waste

P

P

P

The containers for the plants are made of reused plastic

Commercial

WHAT’S NEEDED:

The low hill could be used as a natural arena for an open air movie theatre

P

Commercial

P

P

Sports parkP

The wetland plants will absorbe excess nutrients and improve the quality of the water

Industrial

The info box are used by local NGOs for pedagogical interactive activities

20 m

i

The hill

Institutional

40 m

40 m

10 m

P

Floating garden

Residential

i

Chai tea vendors, shaded areas and yoga pavilions for meditation can provide the basic needs for an enjoyable break next to the park, while the existing temple could be the occasion to take a moment to pray.

P

i

Institutional

Informative panels explain the modei of operation of the recycle centre

i

WHAT’S NEEDED:

P

Heritage

P

0m

WHAT’S NEEDED: i

P

P

i

0m

0m

Residential

i

P

The existing temples are P to P connected restored and the wooden path

20 m

Commercial

i

P

P

40 m

P

P The slope allows to create an underground parking, accessible from Riverfront Road

20 m

Floating garden

i

i

The vegetable garden generates new jobs and permits to grow local products.

The hills

P

i

i

P

Sculture park

Environmental park

The yoga pavilion is open towards the river and offers a quiet place for meditation

i

i

P

Spiritual park

1%

i

P

P

Sports park

9%

i

P

i

P The cooperative building is used for administration of the workers and for stocking the materials.

Workers park

9%

11%

i

PSpiritual

The food stall area is a paved space provided with basic structures to prepare and sell the meals.

15%

i

P P

18%

Auxiliary urban furniture equipment

P Urban farming

23%

10 m

40 m

Tennis, Cricket and other sport fields are provided, as well as playgrounds for kids

20 m

10 m

Sculptures and installation can be provided by local students, artists and artisans

20 m

10 m

20 m

0m

i

0m

0m

0m

The basic structure for the park could be provided from the recycling of plastic materials, that could i be transformed into the containers forP the garden and the floating path. The plant roots grow down into the water. Once planted, these floating islands are much easier to care for than terrestrial gardens, and there will no need to water them.

To respond to the most congested areas, and to create new perspectives on the Sabarmati, a series of low slopes are created. The hill provides a separation between the streets and the park, while the difference in altitude functions as a viewpoint and as a parking underneath.

Ahmedabad is scarcely equipped with spaces for youngsters to play or practice sports. This park’s pattern aims to provide playgrounds and sports’ fields for pubblic use and for events. The majority of fields would be for cricket, since it’s the national sport.

A sculpture garden could represent an important occasion for the students from NID and from local artists to exercise on a public ground, creating pavilions or artistic structures. It could also be used for special festivals, shows and events.

WHAT’S NEEDED:

WHAT’S NEEDED:

WHAT’S NEEDED:

WHAT’S NEEDED:

P

i

P

i

P

i

P

i

P

TREES AND WETLAND PLANTS SPECIES

CASSIA SIAMEA evergreen maximal height: 20 m

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

ACACIA NILOTICA no leaves in dry season Maximal height: 15-20 m

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

NEM TREE evergreen Maximal height: 30 m

Urban furniture on the path

PELTOPHORUM PETROCARPUM evergreen, flowers in summer Maximal height: 25 m

DELONIX REGIA evergreen, flowers April-Jun Maximal height:12 m

FICUS RELIGIOSA no leaves in dry season Maximal height: 30 m

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA evergreen Maximal height: 18 m

PONTEDERIA CORDATA

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

LOTUS

IRIS PSEUDACORUS

Beachers

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Food stand

Bench

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

Swing

Information panel


ACTIONS ON THE NEIGHBORHOODS

Lineguides to improve and densify the areas next to the linear park

The urban fabric

The infrastructure

Densification of existing blocks

Reconsideration of cultural amenities

Reconsideration of smaller volumes

The organisation of the main axes

Opening of the amenities for public activities

Connection to Riverfront Park

Next to the Sabarmati area lie some hidden cultural amenities which could provide quality space for cultural activities and events. Their exterior could be connected to the nearby riverfront park.

The integration of the urban fabric close to the riverfront could be an opportunity to densify the area, improve the façade on riverfront road and promoting private investments for new housing and commercial programs.

New housing programs on Riverfront Rd

Rethinking the exteriors as public spaces

Supply for public facilities

Slum upgrading Some of the informal settlements which used to be located next to the river remained on site. They could represent new formal tissue, by upgrading their spatial features with few actions.

Riverfront rd National Institute of Design

Sanskar Kendra

The fortified area of Gaekwad Haveli is currently not accessible to public and could host a new sports center open to the public.

City centre

0m

50 m

100 m

200 m

Victoria garden

Creation of dry toilet structures

In between Pitam Rai Cross road an Riverfront rd there could be a student campus, due to the proximity of NID and othe universities.

Sunday market

1,5 m 1,5 m green line walkway

6 lanes road

Every 250 m Pedestrian crossing

The aerial walkway

The stairs toward the bastion

The cross bump

The improvement of the existing openings

The passages over the gallery

The stairs from the bridges

The floating plaza

2m street vendors

Badhra Nerhu bridge

Ellis bridge Riverfront Park

Khanpur rd

Riverfront rd

Khanpur rd

The void on the inner side of the ancient walls next to Badhra fort could host new building for offices and institutions.

Through the existing disgregated fabric, new access should be designed.

The docks

The plots used for stocking in Khanpur could be used for new housing programs.

Riverfront rd

1,5 m green line

4 lanes Every 250 m 1,5 m road street Pedestrian vendors crossing

The canopies on river banks

500 m

Urban fabrics integration

Reconsideration of cultural amenities

Slums upgrading

New programs for urban voids

Pedestrian stitching

Crossing: bump

Wall crossing: stairs

Main axes’ development

Crossing: aerial walk

Wall crossing: opening

New roads

Crossing: gallery

Staircase to bridges

Urban farming

Working hub

Spiritual park Urban farming Sports Park Workers Park Hills

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

The connection to the water

New roads toward the park

New programs for urban voids

Municipal Medical College

Normalisation and pavimentation of existing roads

Removal of the barriers

The access through the barriers

Only the main congested roads cross the Sabarmati. To reconsider the fluxes, it’s important to include the presence of street vendors in the street planning.

Line of trees separating Riverfront Rd Creation of semi-public spaces in between buildings

Crossing Riverfront rd

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio

Relaxing park


(IN)FORMAL WORKING HUB

A new spot for the informal vendors

Definition of Actions CO-WORKING CENTRE

1

A new wave of independent professionals is rising in the last decades. Co-working spaces offer the opportunity to share some tools and equipments. Also, it gives the chance to professionals to enlarge their network.

2

Re-connect the fabrics

3

3

INFORMAL WORK CENTRE

The structure

This polarity offers the opportunity for informal workers to reunite with a cooperative that could help them get proper space to produce their own craft and to sell it.

Potentiate community

The working hub

Exploded view

The 5x5 m unit could be a singular workshop and selling area, or a restricted area for professionals renting co-working spaces

Wooden roof

The design concept is based on the need for permeability. It amis to create a relationship between people and functions of each building.

The 10x10 m unit could host community activities of the cooperative, such as meetings, meals, lessons and conferences. They could as well host the activities of other associations, or be rented for private events

1

Manage flows

Restore the walls. Improve the market

2

Re-think the infrastructure

Clean up the garbage and remove the objects piled next to the ancient walls The pedestrian bridge connects the working hub to the market area Involve the Ahmedabad Cultural & Heritage Creative Industries Cluster to restore the walls The water plaza becomes the occasion to host shows, events and an open air movie theatre

Create a green stretch all along the historical walls

Provide wooden structures to bring shadow to the maket areas

The plaza creates a new access to rediscover and appreciate the river

A new opening on the city walls allows to access to Gaekwad Haveli and the city centre

Section | scale 1:500 SPORT CENTER

10 mt 5 mt

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

SUNDAY MARKET

RIVERFRONT STREET

WORKING HUB

CULTURAL PLAZA

50 mt

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

UniversitĂ degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio


RE-STICHING

Processes of re-connection from the heart of the city to the riverfront 1

The extended Heritage Walk

2

Bhadra Square

Sidi Saiyad Masjid

INTERVENE ON PUBLIC SPACE

PRESERVE THE MONUMENT

remove vehicles

building maintenance

The re-stiching process used to return the river to the city, implements design solutions that have the objective to recover the water-city relationship. The designation of appointed places and their connection to a solid structure such as the Heritage Walk, creates charismatic systems of the river rediscovery.

RENOVATE FACADES

DECONGEST THE AREA

to Jumma Masjid

VALORIZE THE SYMBOLIC BUILDINGS

replace some informal activities

provide building maintenance

reduce the traffic

inclusion in a tourist and cultural route

repave the street

inclusion in a tourist route

re-thinking furniture

to riverfront

to Ellis Bridge

RENOVATE THE SPACE repave the street

Heritage walk

1 Path

2 Path

RENOVATE THE OPEN SPACE to Nehru Bridge

to Bhadra

repave the street

organization of activities

CREATE A NEW PATH

organization of activitie

to bus terminus

reconnect to the Heritage walk

re-thinking furniture

3

Sidi Saiyad Masjid

re-thinking furniture

Two dominant paths Heritage Walk

PRESERVE THE MONUMENT

a

Teen Darwaja

b

Premabhai Hall

c

Bhadra Fort

d

provide building maintenance

Shahi Jam-e-Masjid

400 mt

inclusion in a tourist route

FACILITATE CROSSINGS

270 mt

CREATE A NEW PATH

control the traffic

240 mt

160 mt

to riverfront

160 mt

e

Sidi Sayad Masjid

600 mt

reconnect to the Heritage walk re-thinking furniture

a

discover the value of nature

to bhadra

b

to riverfront c

1

POTENTIATE THE STREET SHUT DOWN A ROAD

create a green filter

manage the flows

extend the sidewalk

repave the street

manage the flows

d

2

create a public space

4

Riverfront Park

e

3

CREATE NEW PATH RECOVER THE WALLS

re-thinking furniture

provide maintenance of the historic elements

rediscover the value of nature

create a view point

4

1st path Ellis Bridge

GET CLOSE TO THE WATER

2nd path

development of water mobility

INSTALL PAVILLIONS

Nehru Bridge

installation of relax areas

SABARMATI W(E)AVE

Riscoprire il fiume: proposta strategica per la rigenerazione del riverfront di Ahmedabad

UniversitĂ degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Architettura

Anno Accademico 2016-2017

Relatori: Marcello Balzani, Romeo Farinella; Correlatori: Meghal Arya, Pietro Massai

Laureande: Simona Basile, Caterina Dallolio


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