Marvin Jesús Pérez Aragón
The verb be - auxiliary and main verb The verb be can be an auxiliary verb or a m ain verb in English. be as a m ain v erb in the Simple Present (am, are, is) affirmative
negative
I: I am from England.
I am not from England.
he, she, it: He is from England.
He is not from England.
we, you, they: We are from England.
We are not from England.
be as a m ain v erb in the Simple Past (was, were) affirmative
negative
I, he, she, it: I was here.
I was not here.
we, you, they: We were here.
We were not here.
be as an auxiliary verb in the Present Progressive (am, are, is) affirmative
negative
I: I am reading a book.
I am not reading a book.
he, she, it: He is reading a book.
He is not reading a book.
we, you, they: We are reading a book.
We are not reading a book.
be as an auxiliary verb in the passive: Simple Present: A house is built. Simple Past: A house was built. will future: A house will be built. going-to future: A house is going to be built
The Verb To Have Forms of To Have Present
Past
Continuous
I / you / we / they
have
had
having
he / she / it
has
had
having
Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language. It functions in various ways. To have as a main verb As a main verb “to have” implies the meaning of possession. For example: “I have a job.” “I have a car.“ "I don't have any time." When it is used to indicate possession you can say "I have..." or you might see/ hear "I have got...".
When you are talking about actions, you only use "have". For example: Possession:I have a shower in my bathroom, I don't have a bath. = I have got a shower in my bathroom. I haven't got a bath. The action:I have a shower every day. - I'm having a shower now.
!Note - it does not take the continuous form "I having" - for that you have to use the auxiliary verb be. For example: “I am having a shower.” “Are you having a good time?" The forms of the verb “to have” are have and has for the present and had for the past. Question
Positive Statement (spoken)
Negative Statement (spoken)
Singular Do I have ...?
I have
I have not
Have I got ...?
(I've)
(I haven't/I've not)
He/she/it has
He/she/it has not
(He/she/it 's)
(He/she/it hasn't)
Do you have ...?
You have
You have not
Have you got ...?
(You've)
(You haven't/You've not)
have ...?
I / He / She / It / You had
I / He / She / It / You had not
Had I / he / she / it /
(I'd / He'd / She'd / You'd)
(I / He / She / It / You hadn't)
Do we / you / they
We / You / They have
We / You / They have not
have ...?
(We've / You've / They've)
(We / You / They haven't // We've nof /
Does he / she / it have...? Has he/she/it got ...?
Did I / he / she / it
you got...? Plural
Have we / you / they
You've not They've not)
got ...? Do you have ...?
You have
You have not
Have you got ...?
(You've)
(You haven't/You've not)
Do they have ...?
They have
They have not
Have they got ...?
(They've)
(They haven't/They've not)
have ...?
We / You / They had
I / He / She / It / You had not
Had we / you / they
(We'd / You'd / They'd)
(I / He / She / It / You hadn't)
Did we / you / they
got ... ?
Examples Have
Have got
Question - ?
"Do you have a car?"
"Have you got a car?"
Positive Answer - Yes
"Yes, I have a car."
"Yes I've got a car."
Negative Answer - No
"No, I don't have a car."
"No I haven't got a car."
To have as an auxiliary verb The verb “to have” is used as an auxiliary verb to help other verbs create the perfect tense auxiliary verb have [+ past participle]. For example, “I have read a lot of books,” or “I have never been to America,” or "I have already eaten."
Present Perfect I have
You have
He / She has It has
We have
They have
been a
beena
been a
beenstudents
been students
teacher for
student for ... student for ... today.
for ....
for ...
beennice
over 11 years. Past Perfect I had been a You had
He / She had It had
We had
They had
teacher for
been a
been a
beennice
beenstudents
beenstudents
several
student for
student for
for several
for several
for several
years.
several years. several years. hours.
years.
years.
Future Perfect I will have been a teacher for several
You will have He / She will
It will have We will have
been a
have been a
been nice
been students
student for
student for
for several
for several
several years. several years. years.
years.
Question
Positive Statement
years.
They will have been students for several years.
Negative Statement (possible short forms)
Singular Have you been
You have been ...
You have not been ... (You haven't been ... //
...?
(You've been ...)
You've not been ...)
Plural We / You / They have been Have we / you /
...
they been ...?
(We've / You've They've been ...)
We / You / They have not been ... (We / You / They haven't been ... // We've / You've They've not been ...)
For example: Question - ?
"Have you washed your face today?"
Positive Answer - Yes
" Yes, I have."
Negative Answer - No
" No, I haven't."
Question - ?
"Have you ever had a heart attack ?"
Positive Answer - Yes
" Yes, I'm afraid I have."
Negative Answer - No
" No, thank goodness, I haven't."
The use of have to In addition to the two forms, there is another use for have as a modal verb; have to or have got to. This, of course, must be followed by another verb "We have to do something". Have to Question - ?
"Do you have to leave early?"
Have got to "Have you got to leave early?"
Positive Answer - Yes "Yes I have to." or "Yes I do"
"Yes I've got to."
Negative Answer - No "No I don't have to."
"No I haven't got to."
To have something done If something is done for you, in other words you haven't actually done it yourself, we use the structure "to have something done". For example:"I have my hair cut once every six weeks." (I don't cut my own hair, my hairdresser cuts it for me.) "My husband has the car serviced once a year." (He wouldn't have a clue how to service a modern car so, he takes it to the garage and they service it for us.)
The modal verbs All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence. Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary verbs in a given sentence. The modal verbs are:CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD
Modal Can
Could
May
Might
Example
Uses
They can control their own budgets.
Ability / Possibility
We can’t fix it.
Inability / Impossibility
Can I smoke here?
Asking for permission
Can you help me?
Request
Could I borrow your dictionary?
Asking for permission.
Could you say it again more slowly?
Request
We could try to fix it ourselves.
Suggestion
I think we could have another Gulf War.
Future possibility
He gave up his old job so he could work for us.
Ability in the past
May I have another cup of coffee?
Asking for permission
China may become a major economic power.
Future possibility
We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating
Present possibility
their dinner now. Future possibility They might give us a 10% discount. Must
We must say good-bye now.
Necessity / Obligation
They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary. Prohibition Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer.
Saying what’s right or correct
Shall
Shall I help you with your luggage?
Offer
(More common in Shall we say 2.30 then?
Suggestion
the UK than the US) Should
Shall I do that or will you?
Asking what to do
We should sort out this problem at once.
Saying what’s right or correct
Will
Would
I think we should check everything again.
Recommending action
Profits should increase next year.
Uncertain prediction
I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk.
Instant decisions
I'll do that for you if you like.
Offer
I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday.
Promise
Profits will increase next year.
Certain prediction
Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?
Asking for permission
Would you pass the salt please?
Request
Would you mind waiting a moment?
Request
"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine."
Making arrangements
Would you like to play golf this Friday?
Invitation
"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea
Preferences
please."