Accountable Development
Skye Taylor M.Arch Thesis 2018
GENTRIFICATION SIMPLIFIED (n) the process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste. -Pros: Better school systems through Property Tax Increase Economic growth Safer neighborhoods Local businesses may thrive More Jobs Cleaner streets Diverse neighborhood
-Cons:
Old shops being replaced with newer, hipper shops Communities culture may dwindle Displacement of original residents through Property Tax Increase
FILTERING DEVELOPMENT We can reap the benefits of development without causing Displacement as long as the development is done ethically.
DEVELOPMENT IN Loss of
Cult ure Jobs
Economic Growth Longstanding Shops repl aced
Better Schools ty treets Diversi Clean S s hood r o b h Neig r e f a ent S m e lac Disp
s o ol h s c rS reet t e S t t r Be Cleane rhoods o b h g i e Safer N Jobs Div Econom ersity ic Grow th
ACCOUNTABLE
DEVELOPMENT OUT
LOOKING INTO DEVELOPMENT
10
What areas are the majority of development going? What happens when it goes to neighborhoods that don't want it? Why don’t we focus development where it is needed?
Developmental
Level of Need CITY SCALE WATTS, LOS ANGELES, CA. DETROIT, MI.
PINNING DOWN THE ISSUES NORTH ADAMS, MS.
While there are both pros and cons, not all cities or neighborhoods will experience all of them. Some will experience them at different levels or stages so I have grouped them into four categories on the next page where ideally each situation; city or neighborhood, can be placed.
HARTFORD, CT.
LAS VEGAS, NV.
EL PASO, TX.
10/22/2017
Bla SAN FRANCISCO, CA. NEW YORK CITY, NY.
1
PORTLAND, OR.
WHO NEEDS DEVELOPMENT -Categorization of Area Types 1. Areas that aren‘t gentrified but want IT for their economy/education/ safety 2. Areas that are slightly gentrified, but don’t want to be because of displacement 3. Areas that are very gentrified, and now don't want it because its changing culture 4. Areas of affluence that never went through gentrification to get there. I have chosen to focus on Type 1
TYPE 1
This is where I plan to intervene by getting involved with the community to see what they need and want to help improve there community. Some examples of how this could be done are: -training centers -food hubs -outdoor spaces -community center -shelters -clinics -after school program
But before we go any further lets stop and ask,
‘Why does development continue to happening in Type 2/3/4 cities who don’t need it, when type 1 actually do?’
THESIS STATEMENT Today, most development is done in areas of economic stability or of economic promise, which only keeps those areas thriving but forgets about the rest. This model of development is problematic for reasons such as gentrification and even problematic in our currant state of climate change.
k GrayWhat USAwe Map White Lines need to do as architects and developers is follow a system where development can help an area, never hindering it.
All development from this point on needs to be chosen carefully and a system where we can chose they type of development and be matched with the area that would best reap the benefits, is how we can do it.
REASONS WHY WE NEED TO BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE -PRIMARY
Gentrification
-SECONDARY
Overcrowding Climate change Unbalanced Population -Crisis in disaster -Rise in unemployment
More about these Secondary reasons to make accountable development: OVERCROWDING
Overcrowding can cause peoples task performance to decrease and a Deterioration of social behavior. Ones health can also be at risk
CLIMATE CHANGE
When the carrying capacity has been met and exceeded, there are too many people trying to use the resources in a given area, cause outsourcing.
UNBALANCED POPULATIONS
THE VULNERABILITY PERSPECTIVE IN DISASTER The ability for a group to prepare for, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural disaster. -BOTH over/under populated areas are highly vulnerable. -80% Live along coastlines and flood zones. -congestion limited escape routes dense infrastructure Those of disadvantage -may be living at a higher poverty level making it hard to come back from a disaster -these marginalized groups also may find it hard to get the attention and help they deserve
Moscow, Russia
Detroit, MI.
Los Angeles, CA. San Diego, CA.
Phoenix, AZ.
Chicago, IL.
Istanbul, Turkey
Philadelphia, PA.
Beijing, China
New York City, NY
Dallas, TX. Houston, TX. San Antonio TX.
Surat, India Caracus, Venezuela
Suzhou, China Guangzhou, China Hong Kong, China
Lagos, Nigeria
Singapore
Kinshasa, Congo Luanda, Angolda
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Worldwide cities with highest growth rate with population of 5 million +.
Cities with the most high rise buildings
Seoul, Busan, Incheon, South Korea
Most developed USA cities based on population
Portland, OR. Utica, NY.
Medford, OR.
Chico, CA.
Bakersfield, CA.
Detroit, MI. Chicago, IL. Cleveland, Gary, OH. IN.
Davenport, IA. Denver, CO.
Sacramento, CA. Fresno, CA.
Waterbury, CT.
Flint, MI.
Milwaukee,WI. Racine,WI.
Jersey City, NJ. Youngstown, OH.
Nashville, TN.
Long Beach, CA.
Fort Smith, AR.
Memphis, TN.
Shreveport, LA. Austin, Bauxmont, TX. TX. Houston, TX.
Atlanta, GA.
Montgomery, AL
Baton Rouge, LA.
Fayetteville, NC. Jacksonville, NC. Greenville, SC.
Asheville, NC.
Columbus, GA. Tuscon, AZ.
Camden, NJ.
Baltimore, Washington MD. D.C.
Decatur, IL.
Las Vegas, NV.
Hartford, CT.
Charleston, SC.
Agusta, GA. Albany, GA.
Mobile, AL. Tampa, FL.
Harlingen, TX.
Most distressed cities based on business growth rate
Largest populations of people in debt
Cities with highest amount of gentrification
Most economically dis- Cities with the Lowest tressed cities economical growth
THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT
CATEGORIZATION
CITY // NEIGHBORHOOD
Public Space Public Art Outdoor Areas
TYPE 1
Transit Systems
Detroit, MI. Hartford, CT. North Adams, MS. // Garfield Park in Chicago Watts in LA
Larger Schools Shopping Malls Gyms Movie Theaters Training centers
TYPE 2
//
Hotels Food hubs Restaurants Outdoor spaces Libraries
TYPE 3
Portland, OR. NYC, NY. San Fransisco, CA. //
TYPE 4
//
Community center Condos Shelters Schools Health Clinics Apartments After school programs (Rec Centers)
CASE STUDY PLACE LAB - ETHICAL REDEVELOPMENT
This group makes a case for mindful development by shifting the value system from the conventional profit driven development practices to conscious interventions in the urban context.
9 PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL REDEVELOPMENT
“Culture can be the thing that makes the thing. Create a space that connects people from all different backgrounds making an opportunity for them to share something about themselves, their ideas, their culture and connect with others. Create a platform, create programming where people gather at a shared event.”
“Create the thing that makes the thing!”
“How do we marry people who know how to make change happen in a city with people who can benefit from that change?” “Cultivate a platform so its a place where candid conversations happen about the issues of space creation, space retention and active growth. Without gentrification, without displacement which is avoided by remaking and strengthening existing community.”
WICKER PARK
Future // New Development
OLD TOWN
Future Development
RIVER NORTH
RANGE OF DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT NEIGHBORHOODS
New Development
GARFIELD PARK
Lack of Development
http://www.clker .com/cliparts/N/r/4/Y/h/d/blank-gray-usa-map-white-lines.
HIGH
WICKER PARK 1.5
LOW
FIFTY
30
ONE
NINE HUNDRED
FORTY THOUSAND
ONE HUNDRED
ONE HUNDRED
2017
ONE HUNDRED
ONE HUNDRED
ONE HUNDRED
RENTAL PRICE PER BEDROOM
COMMUTE BY TRANSIT
OWNER OCCUPIED
MULTI UNIT BUILDINGS
MEDIAN YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION
PERCENTAGE WITH COLLEGE DEGREE
PERCENTAGE OF MARRIED PEOPLE
PEOPLE PER SQUARE MILE
MEDIAN HOUSE LISTING PRICE
MEDIAN AGE
CRIME LEVEL
BLOCKS // STREET VIEW
TWO THOUSAND
479,900 ZERO
33,166 TEN THOUSAND
56% 63% ZERO
88% ZERO
1953 1900
76% ZERO
66% ZERO
47% ZERO
1,200 3 HUNDRED DOLLARS
OLD TOWN 1
26
830,120
23,138
21%
96%
1988
75%
70%
66%
1,050
3
40
400,000
15,923
35%
92%
2002
95%
20%
72%
2,079
5
38
76,500
22,352
56%
18%
1939
87%
40%
27%
450
RIVER NORTH
GARFIELD PARK
NEIGHBORHOOD BREAKDOWN
BUILDING COLLECTION
UPWARD DEVELOPMENT
STREET SECTION
CITY NEIGHBORHOOD
WAYS THIS DEVELOPMENT IS HELPING
DEVELOPMENT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE
DEVELOPMENT THAT WOULD HELP THOSE LIVING THERE
MOST IMPORTANT CULTURAL/COMMUNITY ASPECT OF AREA
DOG PARK
HOME PROJECTS
NOT SURE
ITS COZY THE WAY IT IS
DON'T KNOW
EVERYONE KNOWS EVERYONE
BOSTON DORCHESTER
TRAIN, GYM, RESTAURANTS
FAMILY HOUSING
YES, ITS IMPROVING SAFETY
HIGH END APARTMENTS WITH RETAIL AT THE BOTTOM
SMALLER, MORE AFFORDABLE HOUSING WOULD HELP LOWER INCOME
MULTI GENERATIONS OF FAMILIES LIVING TOGETHER
BLUE LINE STATION, BARS, VEGAN RESTAURANT // DOG PARK, BIKE TRAIL// SHOPPING MILWAUKEE // BEACH // BAKERY, CTA // 7-11, MEXICAN FOOD
CONDOS // NONE // RESIDENTIAL // RESIDENTIAL // APARTMENT BUILDING// LOW INCOME HOUSING // MIXED USE & FLATS
MORE LOCATIONS FOR NEW BUSINESSES. TEACHERS, FIREFIGHTERS ETC QUALIFY FOR LOW INCOME WHICH HELPS
A LOCAL SUPERMARKET, MORE CONVENIENT RENTALS AND RESTAURANTS. THERE ARE A LOT OF EMPTY LOTS AND STOREFRONTS ID LIKE TO SEE FULL.
LOWER COST FOR RETAIL RENTAL SPACE. LOCAL SHOPS OPENING BACK UP TO BRING BACK A SENSE OF COMMUNITY
ITS DIVERSITY, HOLIDAY DECORATIONS MAKE US FEEL CONNECTED. ARTISTIC COMMUNITY WITH OLDTIMEY ARCHITECTURE. RICH POLISH HISTORY
PARK, TRAILS // U OF O, BIJOU CINEMA, BREWERY
RESIDENTIAL // STUDENT HOUSING
YES, ITS REPLACING OLD HOMES BUT NONE OF IT IS AFFORDABLE HOUSING // NO ITS TACKY & BORING
MORE AFFORDABLE HOUSING // SMALL HOUSES
MORE AFFORDABLE HOUSING // EXPANSION OF THE FREE CLINIC
A GOOD MIX OF FAMILIES AND STUDENTS
NEW HOUSING
INCREASE TAX HELPS OUR SCHOOLS BUT THE TOWN IS GROWING SO FAST ITS LOSING ITS AESTHETIC
MULTI STORY DEVELOPMENT, THIS COULD HELP SLOW DOWN THE SPRAWL.
EXPANSION OF THE YMCA
THE SCHOOL IS SO CONNECTED TO THE COMMUNITY
LOS ANGELES EAGLE ROCK
YMCA, HARTVILLE HARDWARE, HARTVILLE FLEA MARKET COLLEGE, FOOD, BARS
APARTMENTS
AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR THE DISPLACED
MEDFORD NORTH MEDFORD
THE NEW APARTMENTS LOOK NICE BUT THEY ARE DISPLACING LONG TIME RESIDENTS
RENT CONTROL TO SLOW DOWN GENTRIFICATION
LONG TIME HISPANIC NEIGHBORHOOD. MANY MOM AND POP SHOPS HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY JUICE PLACES BUT THE RESIDENTS HAVE REALLY FOUGHT BACK TO PRESERVE THEIR CULTURE.
MALL, TARGET, GROCERIES
NONE
N/A
A HOMELESS SHELTER
WE ARE LACKING
PORTLAND ALBERTA // VERNON // HOSFORD-ABERNATHY
PUBLIC FOOD GARDEN, ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLING
BAR, FOOD // FOOD, GALLERY, BAR // RESTAURANTS AND BARS
NO // CONDOS // APARTMENTS
N/A // NO, ITS NOT PROVIDING AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND IT LOOKS GROSS // NO, MORE CARS AND NO PRKG
GROCER // MIXED INCOME HOUSING WITH CRAFTSMAN VIBE// PUBLIC SPACE TO PLAY FUTSOL
GROCER-FOOD // HOUSING FOR THE DISPLACED AND MAYBE A SHELTER // FREE COURTS TO ANYONE
OVER PRICED FOOD // HOUSING FOR THE DISPLACED AND MAYBE A SHELTER // FREE COURTS TO ANYONE
SACRAMENTO LAND PARK
THEATER, PARK, FOOD
NONE
N/A
AFFORDABLE REDEVELOPMENT OF A DANGEROUS PUBLIC HOUSING COMPLEX
SAFER PUBLIC HOUSING COMPLEX
THE TREES,WE HAVE THE MOST TREES OF ANY CITY.
TWIN PEAKS, HAIGHT ST, GOLDEN GATE PARK
LOW INCOME HOUSING REPLACING A MCDONALDS
YES, MCDONALDS IS BAD FOR YOU AND WE NEED AFFORDABLE HOUSING
I WOULD RATHER SEE PRESERVATION THAN NEW DEVELOPMENT
GETTING RID OF THINGS THAT DON'T HELP AND REPLACE WITH AFFORDABLE HOUSING
VICTORIANS AND HIPPIES
SEATTLE NORTH GATE
MALL, FOOD, COLLEGE
RAIL STATION
IT IS INCREASING THE ACCESS FROM LOWER INCOME AREAS
MORE LOW INCOME HOUSING TO ASSIST WITH DISPLACEMENT
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
FOREIGN COLLEGE STUDENTS EXOTIC CARS
WILLSONVILLE LANDOVER
GAS, GROCERIES, GYM
SCHOOL
YES!
MORE RESIDENTIAL HOMES AND PARKS
FAMILY FRIENDLY PARKS, LOCAL RETAILERS AND FRESH LOCAL FOOD
THE PARKS AND RIVERS
EUGENE SOUTH EUGENE // WEST UNIVERSITY HARTVILLE, OH SEMI RURAL/RESIDENTIAL
I asked my friends from social media accounts to fill out a survey for me. I received answers from 34 people and chose to display the most helpful ones here.
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT IN AREA
BEND OLD FARM DISTRICT
CHICAGO LOGAN SQUARE // LINCOLN SQUARE // ROSCOE VILLAGE WICKER PARK // UPTOWN // JEFFERSON PARK // LAKEVIEW
DEVELOPMENT SURVEY:
TOP DESTINATIONS
SAN FRANCISCO HAIGHT ASHBURY
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