Slawomir Turek K1129471 AR6004 Building Fragment, Strategy & Integration
1
Contents Introduction - Woodland Cemetery - Site - Architectural Intention
Structure - Building Arrangement - Structure & Material - Load Bearing Elements - Primary & Secondary Structures
Fabric - Where Elevation Meets Roof - Where Floor Meets Envelope - Where Building Meets The Ground - Glazing Wall System - Wall Build-Up
Services - Heat - Electricity Lighting - Natural Light & Ventilation - Hot And Cold Water Supply - Drainage
2
INTRODUCTION
The Woodland Cemetery blends vegetation and architectural elements, taking advantage of irregularities in the site to create a landscape that is finely adapted to its function. It has had a profound influence in many countries of the world.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
It is an outstandingly successful example of a designed cultural landscape and buildings conceived as an integral whole, which blends land form and natural vegetation with architectural features to create a landscape that is ideally suited to its purpose as a cemetery. In1912 the Stockholm City Council acquired a 96 hectare tract of pine clad sand and gravel for the purpose of creating a new cemetery. An international competition was organized, with the following conditions: the basic plan must be clear, simple, and efficient without sacrificing any of its artistic merits and without undue alteration of the natural contours of the existing landscape dignity must play an important part in the design; details should contribute to an attractive overall impression of artistic value; and the natural formation of the existing gravel pits should be used as far as possible to form valleys and glens. The competition was won by Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz. The cemetery gained its heritage award because it stands out for its intense romantic naturalism. It turned the existing, essentially untouched, Nordic forest into the dominant experience. It is the recreation of raw Nordic wilderness that constitutes a radical departure in landscape architecture as well as cemetery layout
Stockholm
Proposed Site
Woodland Cemetery
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
3
INTRODUCTION
Exposed boulder in the landscape
The site is situated to the west of the Woodland Cemetery. The site having a post residential programme is very flat with a small amount of trees growing around the boundary. The main feature of the site that gives it a unique character is a large boulder that makes up the site. The boulder is exposed on the edge of the site and emerges slightly towards the flat surface.
Site edge condition
Panoramic view, South - North
Site Location
Panoramic view, looking south
Site
4
INTRODUCTION
Roof Plan & Site Location PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
5
INTRODUCTION
Architectural Intention: Critical regionalism is an architectural approach seen across Stockholm and Sweden. In this proposal I have gone through a series of developments in order to establish a language that resembles the industrial quality seen beyond the boundaries of the Woodland Cemetery, and the architecture of churches and cemeteries in Sweden. The proposal seeks to mediate the language of the local architecture and the broader architecture of Sweden, referring to architects such as Jørn Utzon, Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz. Externally the building is clad with white corrugated concrete panels which resemble the corrugated steel façades of local industrial buildings, but at the same time continue the illusion of expressing materiality that occurs in the existing buildings of the Woodland Cemetery, for example: Woodland Chapel and its painted timber columns that cleverly represent concrete. The building is based on concrete frame construction with concrete block infill and penalised cladding. This form of construction guarantees long life cycle. The material benefits by having low embodied energy. Fly ash will substitute part of the cement mix in order to reduce the amount of heat that is being emitted in the production process. In Sweden up to 44% of electricity supply comes from burning coal, which generates a large amount of fly ash, creating a huge disposal issue. Substituting what is essentially a zero-embodied-energy material for one with high embodied energy material will result in a win-win situation. The choice of materiality derived from the notion of rough exterior qualities that contrast with the subtle interior. This language is seen in many precedents in Sweden, for example; The Bagsværd Church by Jørn Utzon. My intention was to create a contrast between the roughly finished exterior of and the subtle and bright interior. This combination creates a mystique quality of the building within the dens tree landscape. The interior spaces act as a gathering areas which navigate the user to situate themselves within a particular part of each space, either the chapel or the dining area. The intention is to create a series of intimate spaces where visitors would gather, these spaces sit within larger volumes that act as a dynamic mediator between the intimate volumes. Corrugated Concrete Panels
6
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
West Facing Elevation
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
North Facing Elevation
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
South Facing Elevation
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
INTRODUCTION
East Facing Elevation
7
STRUCTURE
PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL AN AUTODESK PRODUCED BY PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL AN AUTODESK PRODUCED BY PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK PRODUCED BY
1. Chapel 2. Lobby 3. Dining Space 4. Lavatory 5. Priests Room 6. Plant Room 7. Lavatory 8. Upstairs Corridor 9. Kitchen 10. Exterior Balcony 11. Columbarium (continues to the upper floors) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCT
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY PRODUCED BY PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Ground Floor
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
3
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
2
7
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
EDUCATIONAL
4
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
6
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCED BY
First Floor
5
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Third Floor
AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
11
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
11
10
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 8
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
9
Fourth Floor
PRODUCED BY
Second Floor
11
PRODUCED BY
11
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Building Arrangement
8
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
STRUCTURE
Profiled Steel Roof Cladding
Turret Roof Profiled Steel Roof Cladding
Pitched Timber Roof Glazing Curtain Wall
Plaster Finish
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Profiled Steel Roof Cladding
Reinforced Concrete Columns Corrugated Concrete Panels
Double Glazing Windows
Structure & Material Reinforced Concrete Masonry
9
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
Second - Fourth Floor Primary Structure
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
PRODUCED BY
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
High strength of concrete mix was used in order to achieve required structural integrity. Fly Ash was added to the mixture in order to reduce the amount of heat that is being emitted in the production process. Due to views, location and the need for natural light, large glazing curtain walls were used. The curtain glazing is fixed to the concrete slab and concrete columns by using the Hybrid Wall system developed by Sota Glazing. The glazing is notched around the floor slabs, and allows the use of glass spandrels at the slab edge in lieu of metal panel covers. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
BYofAN AUTODESK ThePRODUCED building is made reinforced concreteEDUCATIONAL masonry that fills inPRODUCT concrete frame made of two layers of reinforced concrete columns tied together. Externally the building is finished with corrugated concrete panels fixed between the concrete columns. The superstructure is the concrete masonry and concrete columns that are designed to provide the primary structural support for the being with 700mm wall. The concrete elements are reinforced with steel rods and the columns poured in situ.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
Section A
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
AN AUTODESK
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
Ground Floor Primary Structure
AN AUTODESK
AN AUTODESK
PRODUCED BY
EDUCATIONAL
PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
A
PRODUCED BY
PRODUCED BY
First Floor Primary Structure
STRUCTURE
10
STRUCTURE
The concrete masonry together with the concrete columns are designed to hold the timber roof and floors within the building. The load is transferred through the primary elements down to the concrete foundation. The overall building load is received by concrete strip footing which is situated 1200mm below the ground level and frost level.
Dead Load From Structure Possible Live Load
Primary Structural Components
Possible Live Load
Secondary Structural Components Live Load: The added weight of possible occupants Dead Load: The intrinsic weight of a structure
Possible Live Load
Possible Live Load Dead Load From Structure Concrete Strip Footing
Dead Load From Structure
Load Bearing Elements
11
STRUCTURE
Secondary Roof Structure Consists of : Timber Joist 75x215 Purlins 50x100 Timber Joists Ridge Board
Secondary Floor Structure Consists of : Reinforced Concrete 150mm (for the cantilevered floors 2-4) 1200mm span to allow it to cantilever. Timber joists 75x215 (for the first floor level timber floor was used in order to accommodate a timber dome frame and to keep the tectonic integrity within that space)
Secondary Wall Structure Consists of: Prefabricated white corrugated concrete panels mounted in between the exterior columns. Primary Wall Structure Consists of: Reinforced concrete masonry filled between the interior concrete frame 215x400 Interior skin made of 400x400 columns which support the masonry Exterior skin made of 400x400 columns, which holds the exterior concrete cladding Both the exterior and interior skins are tied together with steel angle shelves and strap anchors
Primary & Secondary Structures
12
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
2
3
4
5
6
7
21
22
14
12
15
16 17 9 10
18
11
19 20
13
Where Elevation Meets Roof 1:5 13
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
8
1. Rafters 150x47 2. Profiled Steel Roof Cladding 3. Glass Fibre Insulation 60mm 4. Self Tapping Screws with Washers and Caps 5. Profiled Polyethylene Filler Piece 6. Mineral Wool Insulation 150mm 7. Purlins 50x100 8. Lookout 9. Plywood Soffit 10. Expanding Bolt 11.Counter Sunk Screws 12. Blocking 13. Corrugated Concrete Panels 14. Channels Attached To Wall with Adjustable Anchors 19mm 15. Anchor Bolt 16. Two Course Plaster 16mm 17. Gypsum Lath fixed to channels 10mm 18. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 19. Rigid Insulation 200mm 20. Air Gap 50mm 21. Wall Plate 22. Cavity Closer
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1
2
5
3
6
7
8
9
10
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
4
11 12 13
14 15
16
1. Rigid Insulation 200mm 2. Corrugated Concrete Panels 3. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 4. Air Gap 50mm 5. Ceramic Tiles 6. Dry-Set Cement 7. Reinforced Concrete 215mm with 1200mm Span to allow it to cantilever. 8. Expanding Bolts 9. Floor Edge Protector cast in cement 10. Side Fixing Plate Of The Balustrade 11. Expanding Bolts 12. Wedge Insert Box 13. Steel Shelf Angle 14. Channels Attached To Wall 19mm 15. Gypsum Lath 10mm 16. Two-Coat Plaster 16mm
Where Floor Meets Envelope 1:5 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1
14
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 5
1 2
6
11
12
13 14
15
16
17
7 3
8 9
4
10
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
18 19 20 21 22
1. Corrugated Concrete Panels 2. Air Gap 50mm 3. Wall Flashing 4. Damp Proof Membrane 5. Rigid Insulation 6. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 7. Concrete Columns 400x400 8. Gypsum Lath 10mm 9. Skirting Board 10.Channels Attached To Wall 19mm 11. Concrete Slab 150mm 12. Nordic White Oak Floor 20mm 13. Treated Wood Sleepers 20x40 14. Exterior Grade Screws 15. Polyethylene Film 16. Ply Wood 18mm 17. Plastic Tube For Radiant Heating 18. Damp Proof Membrane 19. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 50mm 20. Sand Binding 21. Hardcore 22. Damp Proof Membrane 23. Drainage Mat 24. Damp Proof Membrane
23
24
Where Building Meets The Ground 1:5
15
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
4
5
6
7
8
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
11 12 13
14
15 16
9
11 10
Glazing Wall System 1:5 16
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1 2 3
1. Side Fixing Plate Of The Balustrade 2. Floor Edge Protector cast in cement 3. Expanding Bolts 4. Dry-Set Cement 5. Ceramic Tiles 6. Reinforced Concrete 215mm with 1200mm Span to allow it to cantilever. 7. Fixing Plate Of The Glazing System 8. Expanding Bolt 9. Wall ( Background) 10. Glazing 11. Aluminium Glazing 12. Glazing Bead 13.Thermal Break 14. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 15. Setting Block 16. Aluminium Mullion Fixed To Concrete Column
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
3
2
4
5
6
1. Two-Coat Plaster 16mm 2 .Gypsum Lath 10mm 3. Channels Attached To Wall 19mm 4.Grout Filling 5. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 6. Dowtail Slots With Metal Anchors 7. Concrete Column 400x400 8.Corrugated Concrete Panels 9. Air Gap
7
10. Polyethylene Sealant 11. Dowtail Slots With Metal Anchors 12. Concrete Column 13. Reinforcement Rod 14.Building Felt To break Bond 15. Mortar Fill 16. Bracket With Strap Anchor
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1
Wall Build-Up 1:5 9
10
11
12
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
8
13
14
15
16
17
Liquid radiant heating system circulate warm water through plastic pipes encased in a concrete slab that serves as a thermal mass. The supply water is heated in a boiler located in the plant room. The embedded plastic pipes are space 150mm from each other to provide more warmth.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Plant Room
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1. Hardcore 2. Sand Binding 50mm 3. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 50mm 4. Damp Proof Membrane 5. Concrete Slab 150mm 6 Plastic Tubing for radiant heating 150mm spacing 7. Treated Wood Sleepers 20x40 8. Nordic White Oak Floor
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Pipe Grid
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Radiant Heating
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
First Floor
Wiring
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Ground Floor
Third Floor
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Main Switch
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Fourth Floor
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Second Floor
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Electricity Lighting Horizontal Distribution
19
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Despite the generous use of natural light within the building, electric light is required to illuminate the spaces, especially at the end of the day, between Autumn and Spring. To stabilize the light conditions and their qualities the light luminaries are set to be Semi-Indirect with 60% illumination. The electricity is being sourced from the main that is located in the plant room. The electricity cables run though the spaces between concrete masonry and interior wall finish and horizontally fixed against the concrete floor where light location.
Electricity Lighting Vertical Distribution Wiring
20
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
The sufficient amount of openings within the building allow a generous amount of daylight to travel though the building. The building is oriented with its major axis running east-west to gain solar apertures facing south and receive an insulated barrier with fewer openings to the north. Therefore the faรงade facing south consists of large longitudinal openings that allow passive sunlight to penetrate through the frequently occupied spaces The faรงade facing north has fewer openings that are placed at the first floor level. These openings are small in size to minimize both heat loss and infiltration from cold northern winds. The large openings on the south faรงade as well as the east faรงade are subject to summer heat gain which benefits the building with natural heat source. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Natural Light
Natural Ventilation
Natural Light & Ventilation
21
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
The large openings within the facade and roof allow the building to be sufficiently ventilated. In the dining area cold air can penetrate through openings in the eastern glazing. Hot air would leave through the openings in the roof. Similarly in the chapel area of the building, two of the three glazing walls allow the air to penetrate through. The openings within the walls are situated within the ground and third floor allowing sufficient air exchange.
Natural Light Natural Ventilation
Natural Light & Ventilation
22
Natural light penetrating through openings within the south facing facade and the roof. 23
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Kitchen
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Hot and Cold water is used throughout the building to service toilets and kitchen areas. A gas fired boiler is required to bring the hot water up to the necessary temperature to meet Health and Safety Standards. Hot water is necessary to ensure that bacteria does not spread in public places.
Boiler
Toilets
Hot Water Cold Water
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Toilets
Horizontal Hot & Cold Water Distribution
24
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Kitchen
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Boiler
Drained water going to sewer
Toilets
Hot Water Cold Water Drainage
Vertical Water Distribution & Drainage
25
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Toilets