1
ghk;G jPz;Ljy;
jLg;G KiwfSk; KjYjtpAk; ghk;G jPz;Ljypdhy; kuzk; milNthhpd; vz;zpf;ifapy; caH epiyapYs;s cyf ehLfspy; ,yq;ifAk; xd;whFk;. tp\g; ghk;Gfspdhy; jPz;lg;gLgtHfspd; clypDs; vy;yh jlitfspYk; tp\k; CWtjpy;iy. jw;Nghja mwpTWj;jy;fspd; gb tp\k; Cwpa mwpFwpfs; fhzg;gl;ltHfSf;F kl;LNk tp\ jLg;G rpfpr;ir mspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tp\k; nrwpe;J ,Ug;gjw;fhd mwpFwpfs; fhzg;glhtpl;lhy; ,tHfSf;F rhjhuz kpUff; fb fhaq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gLk; rpfpr;ir NghJkhdjhFk;. rpy Kf;fpakhd Fwpg;Gfs;: 1. vy;yhg; ghk;GfSk; jPz;Ltjpy;iy. 2. jPz;Lk; ghk;Gfs; vy;yhk; er;Rg; ghk;Gfspy;iy. 3. vy;yh tprg; ghk;Gfs; jPzL ; jy;fSk; kuzj;jpy; Kbtjpy;iy. ,yq;ifapYs;s vy;yh itj;jparhiyfspYk; nghJthf ghk;G tp\ jLg;G kUe;Jfis ifapUgpy; itj;jpUg;gJld; mjd; ghtpg;ig jpwikAld; mspf;fty;y cj;jpNahfj;jHfSk; cs;sdH. mz;ikapy; ,yq;ifapy; “ghk;G jPz;lYk; tp\Nkw;W tpisTfSk;” vDk; jiyg;gpy; elj;jg;gl;l Ma;T xd;wpy; ghk;G jPz;LjYf;F ghJfhg;ghf tp\khw;W kUe;ij ghtpj;J rpfpr;iraspf;Fk; Kiwapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzg;gl;lik mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.
tp\g;ghk;Gfs; ,yq;ifapy; epyk;>Rj;jkhd ePH> fly; ePH vd;gtw;wpy; 104 tif ghk;Gfs; tho;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; mNdfkhdit jPq;F tpistpf;ff; $baitay;y. xU rpy kpfTk; tp\Ks;sit vdTk; mNefkhf Mgj;jhdjhfTk;>mjpYk; rpy kpjkhd msT tp\Ks;sit vdTk; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; ghk;G jPz;Ljypdhy; Vw;gLk; mNdf kuzq;fs; epyj;jpy; thOk;> Mw;wpy; thOk; ehd;F ,dq;fspdhNyNa Vw;gLfpd;wd. mitahtd: 1. 2. 3. 4.
fz;zhb tpupad; ehf ghk;G vz;iz tpupad; $dy; %f;F Gilad;
Ie;jhtJ ,dkhfpa RUl;il ghk;G mjpf tp\k; cilajhf cs;s NghJk; ,jdhy; ,yq;ifapy; kuzkile;NjhH gw;wp vt;tpj mwpf;ifAk; ,y;iy. mLj;jjhf $dy; %f;F tpupad; mjpf tp\Kilanjd jw;NghJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;s NghjpYk; mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhH kpfTk; mhpNj. ml;ltid xd;wpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
(Table
1)ghk;Gfspd;
tpQ;Qhd>
rpq;fs>
jkpo;>
Mq;fpy
ngaHfs;
fiuNahu ePH gFjpfspy; gjpide;J (15),d flw; ghk;Gfs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,itahTk; mjpf tp\k; $bajhapDk; mit jPz;LtJ kpfTk; mupJ. jPz;bdhYk; tp\k; nrwpa tpLtjpy;iy. flypYk; Mw;wpYk; thOk; tise;j %f;Fflw; ghk;G (Enhydrina schistosa) kpfTk; Mf;FNuhrkhdJ. ,jd; jhf;Fjypdhy; jirg;gpbg;G kuzq;fSk; Vw;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ghk;Gfspy; gr;ir tpupad; (Table -2) kpfTk; rhjhuz tp\KilajhapDk; mjd; jhf;Fjypdhy; vtUk; ,we;jjhf ,yq;ifapy; mwptpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
2 rhjhuz my;yJ Fiwe;j tp\Ks;s ghk;Gfspd; (ml;ltiz 3) jPz;Ljypdhy; Fwpg;gpl;lsT kUe;Jg; gpur;ridfs; Vw;gl;ljhf jfty;fs; ,y;iy. ,e;j ,dj;jpy; khg;gpy (Cat snake) vd;Dk; ghk;G tifAk;mlq;fpAs;sJ. ,it mjpf tp\k; nfhz;Ls;sjhf jtwhd kjpg;gPLk; cz;L. ghk;gpd; er;Rg; gw;fs; gpd;tise;jpUg;gjhy; kdpj clypDs; ,tw;why; tp\j;ij Kiwahf nrYj;j Kbtjpy;iy. ,g; ghk;gpd; jPz;Ljypdhy; NehTk; tPf;fKk; cz;lhFNk jtpu kuzNkw;gl;ljhf Mtzg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
jLg;G Kiwfs; ngUk; Njhl;lj;Jiw gz;izfs; tptrha epyq;fs; mlq;fyhf kdpjH FbapUf;Fk; ,lq;fspNyNa ghk;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. rpy jLg;G Kiwfisf; ifahs;tjd; %yk; ,e; ehl;by; ghk;G jPz;Ljiyf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffis ifahs;tjw;FmwpTWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,itahtd: 1. fhy;fspNyNa ghk;Gfs; jPz;Ltjhy;> ghk;Gfs; trpf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; elf;Fk; NghJ rg;ghj;J my;yJ fZf;fhy; tiu %Lk; ghjul;irfs; (boots) mj;Jld; fZf;fhy; tiu ePsKs;s Milfs; mzpe;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. ghk;Gfs; mjpfkhf caHe;J tsHe;j Gw;fs;> gw;iwfs;> fhLfs;> tptrha epyq;fs;vd;gtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk;. 2. ,utpy; ghk;Gfs; kPJ kpjpg;gij jtpHf;f ntspr;rk; (torch light) xd;iw vLj;Jr; nry;yTk;. 3. ghk;Gfs; nrwpe;J thOk; gFjpfspy; elf;Fk; NghJ ifapy; xU jbia Ve;jp mjdhy; topapy; njd;gLk; ,UkUq;fpYk; Njhd;Wk; Gy; gw;iwfis mbj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;tjdhy; ghk;Gfs; ePq;fs; nry;Yk; ghijapy; Kd;Nehf;fp efHe;J tpLk;. 4. epyj;jpy; mOj;jp fdkhf ele;J ePqf ; s; fpl;l neUq;FtijAk; ghk;Gf;F vr;rhpf;fTk;. Vnddpy; ghk;Gf;F fhw;wpy; kpjf;Fk; rj;jq;fs; mjpfkhff; Nfl;f khl;lhJ. Mdhy; epy mjpHrpia mit ,yFtpy; czHfpd;wd. 5. vWk;Gg; Gw;Wfs;>mlHe;j GjHfs; kuf;Fw;wpfspd; fPo; gf;fq;fs; kug; nghe;Jfs; Nghd;wtw;wpDs; ftiyapdkhf ifia itf;fhjPHfs;. kf;fs; FbapUf;Fk; gFjpfspYs;s ghk;Gfs; trjpahf thof;$ba ,lq;fis Jg;guthf itj;jpUg;gjd; %yk;vr;rupf;ifahf ,Uq;fs;. vWk;Gg; Gw;Wfis mopf;fTk;. kug; nghe;J fis epug;gTk;. jiuapy; tpOe;J fplf;Fk; kuq;fs;> Fw;wpfis mfw;wTk;. Ntiy nra;Ak; NghJk; fw;ghiwfs; kuf;Fw;wpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw mfw;Wk; NghJk; ftdk; nrYj;jTk;. Vnddpy; ,tw;wpd; fPo; ghk;Gfs; FbapUf;Fk;. 6. filrp tay; ney; mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ kpfTk; mtjhdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; Vw;fdNt mWtil nra;j tay;fspy; ,Ue;j fz;zhb tpupad; Nghd;w ghk;Gfs; filrp taypy; jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; tha;g;Gf;fs; cz;L. 7. ghk;Gfs; cztpwfhf Njbr; nry;Yk; vyp> jtis> gy;yp Nghd;wit tu tplhJ tPl;ilAk; Rw;whliyAk; Fg;ig $sq;fis fpukkhf mfw;wp Rj;jkhf itj;jpUq;fs;. 8. ney;iy tPl;bDs; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtij jtpHfTk;. vyp Nghd;w gpuhzpfs; ney;yhy; ftug;gLthHfs;. gha;fis epyj;jpy; RUl;b tpLtij jtpHj;J $iu gFjpapypUe;J njhq;ftplTk;. epyj;jpy; gha;fis itj;jhy; tpupad; Nghd;w ghk;Gfs; gha; RUSf;Fs; CHe;J Ngha; jq;f tha;g;Gz;L. 9. ghk;Gfisg; gw;wp rpwe;j mwpTs;stHfNs ghk;Gfis ifahsNth> tsHf;fNth Ntz;Lk;. ,we;J Ngha; fhzg;gLk; ghk;igAk; kpfTk; mtjhdkhf ifahs Ntz;Lk;.
3 Vnddpy; mit ,d;Dk; capUs;sjhf ,Uf;ff; $Lk;. mj;Jld; ,we;J ,Ug;gpDk; jd;dpr;irahf (reflex) fbf;ff; $Lk;.
ghk;G jPz;Ljypd; KjYjtp ghk;G jPz;LjYf;F MshdtHfSf;F nghUj;jkhd KjYjtpfs; mspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. clyikg;Gf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl;l tp\k; guTtij jLf;fTk;> Fiwf;fTk; mj;Jld; jPz;Ljypdhy; Vw;glf; $ba rpf;fy;fis jLf;fTk;,JcjTk;. jtwhd KjYjtp Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $Lk;. fPNo vspaJk; ,yFtpy; nra;af; $baJk;> gadspf;ff; $baJkhd nfLjy; ,y;yhjJkhd topKiwfs; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. 1. ghk;G jPz;Ljiy njhlHe;J> jPz;lg;gl;ltUf;F nghJthf Vw;gLk; gpujpgypg;G gakhFk;. mtUf;F kuzk; Vw;gl;L tpLNkh vd;w gak; Vw;glyhk;.mtUf;F ek;gpf;ifA+l;lf;$ba Kiwapy;tplaq;fis njspT gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.,jw;fhf gpd;tUk; Kf;fpa juTfis mOj;jpf; $w Ntz;Lk;. - mNdfkhd ghk;Gfs; tp\k; cs;sitfs; my;y. - jPz;ba ghk;G tp\Ks;sjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ tp\j;ij cl;nrYj;jhkypUf;fKbAk;. gy milahsq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; tp\k; clypDs; GFe;Jtpl;lJ vd fUjyhfhJ. - tp\k; cl;GFe;jhYk; itj;jparhiyfspy; ew;gydspf;ff; $ba rpfpr;ir Kiw cz;L. ,r; rpfpr;irfs; G+uz Fzj;ij juty;yJ. 2. ghk;gpdhy; jPzl ; g;gl;ltiu gpujhdkhf jPz;lg;gl;l mtaj;ij mirtw;w epiyapy; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> (m) jPz;lg;gl;l cWg;G mire;jhy; ghk;gpdhy; cl;GFj;jg;gl;l tp\k; clypDs; kpf tpiuthfmfj;JwpQ;rg;gLk;. vdNt> jPz;lg;gl;ltiu mirahJ itj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. mtiu elj;jp nry;tjpYk; ghu;f;f J}f;fp nry;tNj rpwe;jJ. (M) mj;Jld; jPz;lg;gl;l cWg;ig xU Jz;L gyif Nghd;w fbdkhf nghUspd; Nky; itj;Jf; fl;b mt;TWg;ig mirtw;wjhf nra;tjhy; cl;GFe;j tp\k; mfj;JwpQ;rg;gLtij jhkjg;gLj;jyhk;. ,J Nehit Fiwg;gjw;Fk; cjTk;. 3. ghk;G fbj;j ,lj;jpy; Njhypd; NkypUf;Fk; tp\j;ij mfw;w mt;tplj;ij rtu;f;fhuKk; ePUk; ghtpj;J nkJthf fOt Ntz;Lk; my;yJ <ur;Nriyahy; Jilf;f Ntz;Lk;. cukhfNth mOj;jpNah Nja;j;jhy; tp\k; tpiuthf cwpQ;rg;gl tha;g;Gz;L. 4. tp\g;ghk;G jPz;lYf;F gpd; jPz;lg;gl;l cWg;G tPq;FtJ xU rhjhuz mk;rkhFk;. mg;gb tPf;fk; Vw;gbd; mjdhy; Vw;glf; $ba gpur;rpidfis jLf;f tpiuthf mzpe;jpUf;Fk; Nkhjpuk;> tisay;fs;> ghjruk;> fapW> cLg;G Nghd;wtw;iw mfw;w Ntz;Lk;. 5. typia Fiwf;f “gurpw;wNkhy;”(Paracetamol) ghtpf;fyhk;. 6. ghk;G jPz;lYf;F cs;shdtiu KbAkhd tpiutpy; itj;jparhiyf;F nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;. fbj;j ghk;ig gw;wp rupahd tpguq;fis nrhy;tjd; %yk; fbj;j ghk;ig milahsk; fhzTk;> rpfpr;ir mspf;fTk; cjTk;. fbj;j ghk;ig capUld; itj;jparhiyf;F nfhz;L nry;tJ jw;NghJ Njitaw;wJ. capUs;s my;yJ ,we;j ghk;Gfis kpfTk; mtjhdj;Jld; ifahs Ntz;Lk;.
4
jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba rpy tplaq;fs; 1. jPz;lg;gl;l fhaj;ij $upa fj;jpahy; ntl;LtJk; my;yJ cwpQ;Rk; Kiwia ifahs;tJk; jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ghk;Gfs; mNdfkhf eQ;ir kpfTk; Mokhf GFj;Jtjhy; cwpQ;RtJ ve;jtif gaidAk; jukhl;lhJ. mDgtkw;w Kiwapy; fj;jpahy; ntl;Ltjhy; jir ehu;> ,uj;j Foha;fs;> euk;GfSf;F Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;j Neuplyhk; ,e;j fhaq;fspypUe;J ,uj;j ngUf;F Vw;gbd; mJ ,d;Dk; ghupa tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;. 2. Kjw;rpfpr;ir mopg;gjw;nfd ghk;G jPz;LjYf;F cs;shd gFjpia fapW Nghd;wtw;why; ,Wf;fp fl;Lg;NghLtij jtpu;f;fTk;. 3. nfhz;b]; (Condy’s crystals) gbtq;fis Nghd;w ,urhad nghUl;fis fhaj;jpd; Nky; ,Ltij jtpu;f;fTk;. ,it gadw;wit mj;Jld; jirehu;fisAk; Nrjg;gLj;j f; $bait. 4. %f;fpd; topahy; vz;nza; Nghd;w jputg;gjhu;j;jq;fis GFj;jp rpfpr;ir mspg;gJ Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. Mjyhy; ,k;Kiwfisf; ifahsf; $lhJ. Vnddpy;> ,jdhy; Rthrg;igapy; Neha;fs; Vw;glTk; epue;ju nrtpl;L epiy Vw;glTk; ,lKz;L. 5. kJghdk; tp\j;ij clk;gpy; tpiutpy; gutr; nra;Ak; Mjyhy; mij nfhLf;ff; $lhJ. 6. nrt;tpsePu;> ,sePu;> gourq;fs; vd;gtw;iw nfhLf;f $lhJ. ghk;G jPz;lypdhy; rpWePufj;jpy; Nrjk; Vw;gl;lhy; ,tw;wpYs;s nghl;lhrpak; (Potassium) vdg;gLk; xUtif cg;G NkYk; gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;j KbAk;. 7. m];gpwpd; (Aspirin) tapw;wpNy ,uj;j frpit Vw;gLj;Jk;. gpujhdkhf Kj;jpiu Gilad; jPz;bagpd; m];gpwpd; nfhLf;f $lhJ. 8. gag;gLtij jtpu;f;fTk; ghk;G <LgLtij jtpu;f;fyhk;.
jPz;batUf;F jPq;F tpistpf;ff; $ba nray;fspy;
,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; mjpf tp\Kila ghk;Gfs; ,y
tpQ;Qhdg; ngau;
jkpo; ngau;
01
eah eah (Naja naja)
ehf ghk;G ey;y ghk;G
02
gq;fw]; rpwpypay; (Bungarus caeruleus)
vz;iz ghk;G vz;iz tpupad; vl;lb tpupad;
gq;fw]; rpNyhepf]; (Bungarus ceylonicus) lNgha;ah wrpyp (Daboia russelii) vf;fp]; fupNdw;w]; (Echis carinatus) `pg;sNy ,dk; (Hypnale spp.)
vz;iz tpupad; vl;lb tpupad;
03 04 05 06
rpq;fsg; ngau; ehah ehfah njy; fwty kfh kWth `gwyah khtpy LDfwty nghnyhd; fwty KL fwty lwh nghyq;fh jpj; nghyq;fh
Kj;jpiu Gilad; fz;zhb tpupad; RUl;ilg; ghk;G ntyp nghyq;fh ghy; RUl;il $dy; %f;Fg; nghyd; jpyp];rh Gilad; Fzfw;Wt
ml;ltiz (01)
Mq;fpyg; ngau; Cobra Common krait
Ceylon krait Russell’s viper Saw-scaled viper Hump-nosed viper
5
,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; rhjhuz my;yJ Fiwe;j tp\Ks;s ghk;Gfs; ,y 01
tpQ;Qhdg; ngau; wpnkwrw]; (Trimeresurus trigonocephalus)
jkpo; ngau; gr;ir tpupad; Nfhg;gp tpupad;
rpq;fsg; ngau; ghy nghy;qf ; h
Mq;fpyg; ngau; Green pit-viper
ml;ltiz (02)
,yq;ifapy; Fiwe;j tp\Ks;sit vdf; fUjg;gLk; ghk;Gfs; ,y 01 02
03
tpQ;Qhdg; ngau; Nghapfh ,dk; (Boiga spp.) fypNahgp]; Calliophis nkydhW}]; melanurus rpq;fypa]; sinhaleus mn`w;Wy;yh ,dk; (Ahaetulla spp.)
jkpo; ngau;
fz;Fj;jpg; ghk;G
04
nrgU]; iwd;nrhg;]; (Cerberus rhynchops)
jz;zuP ; ghk;G
05
fpwpNrhngypah ,dk; (Chrysopelea spp.)
gwf;Fk; ghk;G
06
gyNehgp]; rpNyh nerp]; (Balanophis ceylonensis)
rpq;fsg; ngau;
Mq;fpyg; ngau;
khgpyh (Mapila)
Cat snake
njgj; fSth
Sri Lankan snake
m`Us;sh m];Fs;sh nwd flah FZjpa fYt batupah nghy;ky; fwty ky; fwty ep`hYth
Whip snake Vine snake Dog-faced water snake Flying snake Gold and black tree snake Blossom krait
ml;ltiz (03)
tuyhW ghk;Gf;fbf;fhd SLMA epGzu; FOtpdhy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjw; gpuRuk;: ,yq;if kUj;Jt rq;fj;jhy; 1994 Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ. kPs; gjpg;G:
2007> 2013
njhFg;ghsu; kypf; ngu;zhz;Nlh nfhOk;G Mtzp 2013
coral