33 Lectures and seminars

A

B In a lecture

In today’s lecture, I’d like to look at¹ Sonda’s explanation of this phenomenon. To start with², I think we need to consider the importance of geographical location. Hanes has an interesting theory about the relationship between culture and language which draws on³ the results of Kaminsky’s research. Traynor set out⁴ to test the theory using a range of new technologies which were not previously available. Because the results are based on a very small sample, we have to allow for⁵ a significant margin of error. A study was carried out6 with 152 diabetic patients over a three–year period. I want to round off ⁷ my talk by returning to the question I asked at the beginning. To finish off ⁸ today, I’d like to spend some time looking at a couple of previous exam questions. Finally, I want to point out9 that there is a list of additional sources on this topic on the second page of your handout. If you didn’t get down10 all that information, don’t worry. I’ll be emailing the list of assignments to you later today.

1 focus on 2 begin 3 uses information from 4 intended to 5 take into consideration 6 done 7 finish in a satisfactory way 8 end, complete 9 highlight 10 manage to write down

Seminars

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Seminars

Seminars are classes with small groups of students and give you the opportunity to look into¹ a topic in detail. You can also bring up2 any questions you might have and discuss them with the tutor and other students. Seminars often involve weighing up3 different ideas that were mentioned in your lectures, so it’s a good idea to go over4 your lecture notes and other research just before you attend. Sometimes a student will be asked to put together5 a short presentation, which will be used to start the discussion. If you are presenting, then it’s important to carefully think through6 the points you want to make. You don’t want to end up7 with nothing to say! However, it’s always better to sketch out8 your ideas with rough notes, rather than writing out9 every word of the presentation. If you are not presenting, you should still try to read up on10 the subject before the seminar in order to get the most out of11 it. During the presentation, try to jot down12 any new ideas or key points. And don’t forget to type them up13 later. You might also make a note of any questions that you want to follow up14 later, either during the seminar or through research afterwards.

1 investigate 2 start to talk about 3 thinking about something carefully, comparing 4 study again 5 prepare (by collecting together diff erent elements) 6 plan carefully 7 be in a situation (at the end) 8 roughly plan 9 write (or rewrite) in full 10 do background reading on 11 take benefit from 12 make a note of 13 rewrite in full (on a computer) 14 find out more

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Look at A opposite. Complete the sentences using the verbs from the box and the correct particles. Put the verbs in the correct form.

allow carry draw finish point set start

1 Zeyneb’s experiments were mostly in the 19th century using much less sophisticated

equipment than is available today. 2 This theory research from several well-known scientists. 3 I thought we could read Hayder’s research for the seminar tomorrow, but my tutor that the original research paper is over 700 pages long! 4 Alexander Fleming didn’t to discover penicillin when he started experimenting with bacteria, but it was one of the most important discoveries of its time. 5 He spoke for 50 minutes and then the lecture with a question and answer session. 6 Firstly, I’d like to an introduction to the subject of quantum physics, before moving on to some key definitions. 7 If we variations caused by weather conditions, the results are broadly in line with our predictions.

Choose the correct alternative to complete these sentences.

1 Our tutor asked us to put away / together / off a report based on what we’d discussed in the seminar. 2 The handout had a list of references so we could read to / along / up on the topic before the next lecture. 3 I always jot down / type up / write out the key points during a lecture even if there’s a handout. 4 When I sketch out / jot down / type up my notes later, it helps me remember what I learned. 5 I’m just going to sketch out / bring up / follow up my initial ideas for the essay tonight, and then

I can work on it in more detail next week. 6 Think through / Get out of / Follow up the essay question carefully and identify the issues you need to talk about. 7 It’s really important to end up / follow up / weigh up all the evidence before presenting your final argument. 8 After a long discussion, we got out of / ended up / went over agreeing that the character of Becky

Sharp was not likeable, but very interesting. 9 We’re going to end up / go over / get out of the solutions to the problems in last week’s exam and discuss any questions. 10 If you want to think through / go over / follow up on the question Jemma asked about game theory, I can recommend a couple of interesting books on the subject.

Rewrite each sentence using a phrasal verb based on the word in brackets in an appropriate form.

1 This morning we’re going to focus on Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs’. (look) 2 The lecturer highlighted the fact that this research is still in its very early stages. (point) 3 To begin, I want to talk about the background to the research. (start) 4 In order to make the most of the seminar, it’s a good idea to do the suggested reading beforehand. (get) 5 Can I borrow your lecture notes? I didn’t manage to write down the last few points. (get) 6 Don’t worry about writing every word; just make a note of the key points. (jot) 7 For next week’s seminar, I’d like you all to research one aspect of this theory. (look) 8 I’d like to finish the lecture today with a short video. (round)

Correct the mistakes with the particles in these sentences.

1 The biology department needs undergraduates to help carry through research on plant cells over the summer, and I’m going to apply. 2 The department has just received some funding to look through the links between diet and certain types of cancer. 3 He spent most of the summer working on his thesis but ended out having to change it when some new research came out. 4 The discussion we had last week brought into some very interesting questions about US foreign policy in the 1950s. 5 As you read for on the subject for your essay, don’t forget to make a note of useful sources as you go. 6 A group of engineering students from Bristol have set off to prove the strength of plastic by building the largest Lego structure in the world.