C NCER AWARENESS CAMPAIGN COLORECTAL CANCER INFORMATION YOU NEED TO KNOW TO STAY HEALTHY AND PREVENT COLORECTAL CANCER.
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CONTENTS ABOUT US
FREQUENCY
RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS
CHECK-UPS
HEALTHY CHOICES
SOURCES
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FREQUENCY FIND OUT HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED BY COLORECTAL CANCER.
COLORECTAL CANCER AFFECTS MORE THAN ONE MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE.
ACCORDING TO WHO, THERE WERE MORE THAN 1.8 MILLION PEOPLE WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN THE WORLD IN 2020, MAKING IT THE THIRD MOST COMMON CANCER, AFTER BREAST CANCER AND LUNG CANCER.
COLORECTAL CANCER RANKS SECOND IN CANCER MORTALITY.
ACCORDING TO THE GLOBAL CANCER STATISTICS 2020 (GLOBOCAN), COLORECTAL RANKS SECOND IN TERMS OF MORTALITY, WITH 935,000 DEATHS WORLDWIDE DURING 2020.
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FREQUENCY FIND OUT HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED BY COLORECTAL CANCER.
THE INCIDENCE OF C O LO R E C TA L C A N C E R I N PEOPLE UNDER 50 YEARS OF AGE IS ON THE RISE.
COLORECTAL CANCER INCIDENCE HAS INCREASED IN INDIVIDUALS YOUNGER THAN AGE 50 YEARS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS, INCLUDING DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE US, FROM 2000 TO 2013, AN OVERALL INCREASE IN THE INCIDENCE OF 22% WAS OBSERVED FOR PEOPLE YOUNGER THAN AGE 50 YEARS. THIS IS THE RESULT O F I N C R E A S E D S E D E N TA R Y B E H AV IO R , CONSUMPTION OF FATS, SUGARS AND FOODS OF ANIMALS AND REDUCED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
THE MORTALITY AND INCIDENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER ARE NOT SIMILAR IN ALL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.
THE INCIDENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IS FOUR TIMES HIGHER THAN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR BOTH MEN AND WOMEN. HOWE VER, THE VARIATION IN MORTALITY IS LOWER, DUE TO THE HIGH FATALITY RATE OF THIS TYPE OF CANCER IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES. THUS, COLORECTAL CANCER CAN BE CONSIDERED A MARKER OF SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.
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RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS I T ’ S P O S S I B L E T O H AV E COLORECTAL CANCER BUT NOT HAVE ANY SYMPTOMS.
COLORECTAL CANCER, ESPECIALLY IN THE EARLY STAGES, DOESN’T ALWAYS SHOW ANY SYMPTOMS. IT OFTEN HAPPENS THAT BY THE TIME SYMPTOMS APPEAR, THE CANCER IS AT AN ADVANCED STAGE W H E R E I T I S D I F F I C U LT T O T R E AT . T H I S DEMONSTRATES HOW VITAL REGULAR SCREENINGS ARE.
THERE ARE SOME NONMODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER.
SOME NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS ARE:
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SEX: MALES ARE 1.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP COLORECTAL CANCER THAN FEMALES.
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AGE: PEOPLE OVER 65 YEARS ARE THREE TIMES M O R E L I K E LY TO B E DI AG N O S E D W I T H COLORECTAL CANCER COMPARED TO THOSE AGED 50 TO 64 YEARS, AND ABOUT 30 TIMES MORE LIKELY COMPARED TO THOSE AGED 25 TO 49 YEARS.
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GENETICS: ABOUT 10% OF COLORECTAL CANCERS ARE DUE TO HEREDITARY CONDITIONS, SUCH AS FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS (FAP).
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INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: (CROHN’S DISEASE, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, ETC.).
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RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS WEIGHT LOSS IS A SIGN OF COLORECTAL CANCER.
UNINTENTIONAL OR UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS IS A COMMON SIGN OF COLORECTAL CANCER. OTHER SYMPTOMS OF COLORECTAL CANCER ARE: •
CHANGE IN BOWEL HABITS;
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DIARRHOEA, CONSTIPATION, OR INCOMPLETE EVACUATION OF STOOL;
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ABDOMINAL PAINS OR PERSISTENT CRAMPS; BLOOD IN OR ON THE STOOL;
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REMEMBER, IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE COLORECTAL CANCER WITHOUT THESE SYMPTOMS, ESPECIALLY IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THIS CANCER. DISCUSS ALL YOUR CONCERNS WITH YOUR DOCTOR.
MEN ARE AT A HIGHER RISK F O R CO LO R EC TA L C A N C E R THAN WOMEN.
MEN ARE ABOUT 1.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE DIAGNOSED WITH COLORECTAL CANCER THAN WOMEN. HOWEVER, COLORECTAL CANCER IN WOMEN TENDS TO BE MORE AGGRESSIVE, RESULTING IN LOWER SURVIVAL RATES.
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CHECK-UPS INFORMATION ON PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS AND SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER.
COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING IS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR EVERYONE.
A MEDICAL CHECKUP IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED ONLY FOR PEOPLE: •
AFFECTED BY INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, SUCH AS CROHN’S DISEASE OR ULCERATIVE COLITIS;
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BETWEEN THE AGES OF 45 AND 75 YEARS (THESE AGES CAN VARY BY COUNTRY); WITH BIOLOGICAL RELATIVES AFFECTED BY COLORECTAL CANCER;
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A COLONOSCOPY IS PERFORMED EVERY 10 YEARS.
DURING A COLONOSCOPY, A THIN FLEXIBLE TUBE WITH A LIGHT AND A CAMERA IS INSERTED INTO THE RECTUM TO LOOK FOR POLYPS OR CANCER. A COLONOSCOPY ALLOWS FOR POLYPS TO BE REMOVED OR FOR SAMPLES TO BE PICKED FROM ABNORMALLOOKING PARTS OF THE RECTUM AND COLON TO CONFIRM THE DIAGNOSIS.
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WHO SUFFER FROM, OR WHOSE BIOLOGICAL R E L AT I V E S S U F F E R F R O M C O LO R E C TA L POLYPOSIS, HEREDITARY NON-POLYPOSIS COLORECTAL CANCER (LYNCH SYNDROME), OR GENETIC SYNDROMES SUCH AS FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS (FAP).
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CHECK-UPS INFORMATION ON PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS AND SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER.
COLONOSCOPIES SOUND VERY UNPLEASANT, ARE THERE OTHER WAYS TO SCREEN FOR COLORECTAL CANCER?
HERE ARE SOME OTHER TESTS THAT SCREEN FOR COLORECTAL CANCER:
A COLONOSCOPY IS A LOWRISK PROCEDURE.
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STOOL TESTS: THESE CAN HELP TO DETECT BLOOD IN THE STOOL, DAMAGED DNA FROM CANCER CELLS, OR BOTH. THESE TESTS ARE CONDUCTED ROUGHLY ONCE A YEAR. IF THE TEST COMES OUT POSITIVE, A COLONOSCOPY IS REQUIRED;
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A FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY: THIS INVOLVES INSERTING A THIN, FLEXIBLE TUBE SIMILAR TO A COLONOSCOPY, BUT THE TUBE IS SHORTER. IT CAN BE DONE EVERY FIVE YEARS, OR EVERY 10 YEARS IF YOU CHOOSE TO DO THE STOOL TEST;
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A VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY: PRODUCES IMAGES USING X-RAYS. VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY CAN BE DONE EVERY FIVE YEARS;
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PILL CAMERA: THE PERSON SWALLOWS A SMALL CAMERA THE SIZE OF A CAPSULE, WHICH TAKES PICTURES OF THE INSIDE OF THE INTESTINES AS IT MOVES THROUGH THE BODY. THE CAMERA IS THEN DEFECATED.
COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS BLEEDING OR PERFORATION (TEAR OF THE INTESTINE) OCCUR IN VERY FEW CASES, I.E., ONE IN EVERY 1,250 AND ONE IN EVERY 14,200, RESPECTIVELY. MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, THEY HAPPEN TO PEOPLE WHO GET BIOPSIES. DURING A COLONOSCOPY, THE PERSON RECEIVES A LIGHT DOSE OF ANAESTHESIA (CONSCIOUS SEDATION) TO KEEP THEM RELAXED AND PAIN-FREE. SOME P EO P L E C A N R E AC T TO A N A E S T H E S I A ; HOWEVER, DOCTORS PREPARE FOR AND CAN MANAGE THESE COMPLICATIONS.
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HEALTHY CHOICES TIPS FOR DAILY LIFE TO PREVENT COLORECTAL CANCER
IT’S POSSIBLE TO PREVENT COLORECTAL CANCER; IT'S NOT A MATTER OF LUCK.
ABOUT 50-70% OF COLORECTAL CANCERS CAN BE PREVENTED THROUGH LIFESTYLE HABITS. FOR EXAMPLE:
PROBIOTICS CAN HELP PREVENT COLORECTAL CANCER.
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AVOIDING FATTY AND PROCESSED FOODS, RED MEAT, AND FOODS WITH PRESERVATIVES;
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OPT FOR FRUITS, VEGETABLES, WHOLE GRAINS, CALCIUM-RICH FOODS, AND VITAMINS; AVOIDANCE OF ALCOHOL USE AND SMOKING;
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PARTICIPATION IN REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
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MAINTENANCE OF A HEALTHY WEIGHT.
YES. FOR MORE INFORMATION, WATCH THIS VIDEO:
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HEALTHY CHOICES TIPS FOR DAILY LIFE TO PREVENT COLORECTAL CANCER
DECREASING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS A GOOD STR ATEGY TO PRE VENT COLORECTAL CANCER.
PEOPLE WHO REGULARLY DRINK TWO TO THREE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES A DAY HAVE A 20% INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING COLORECTAL CANCER, WHILE FOR THOSE WHOSE INTAKE GOES BEYOND THREE DRINKS, THIS RISK INCREASES TO 40%. THE ASSOCIATION IS HIGHER IN MALES, PROBABLY DUE TO HORMONE-RELATED VARIATIONS IN ALCOHOL METABOLISM. MEN ARE ALSO MORE LIKELY TO DRINK L ARGER QUANTITIES AND UNDERREPORT HOW MUCH THEY DRINK.
RED MEAT CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER.
PROCESSED MEAT INCREASES THE RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER BY ABOUT 15% AND RED MEAT BY ABOUT 12%. PROCESSED MEAT AND RED MEAT ARE HIGH IN FAT AND INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCES SUCH A S O M EG A - 6 , B U T T H E N U M B E R O F TOX IC SUBSTANCES IN THE MEAT ALSO INCREASES DUE TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE COOKING AND THE SMOKING INVOLVED. A DIET THAT IS RICH IN VEGETABLES, FRUITS, FIBRE, AND VITAMINS IS CONSIDERED TO HELP LOWER THE RISK OF DEVELOPING COLORECTAL CANCER.
BE HEALTHY
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SOURCES COLORECTAL CANCER AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
COLORECTAL CANCER GUIDELINE | HOW OFTEN TO HAVE SCREENING TESTS. (2020, NOVEMBER). CANCER.ORG. ht t p s : // w w w . c a nc e r . o r g / c a nc e r / c o l o n - r e c t a l - c a nc e r / d e t e c t i o n - d i a g no s i s - s t a g i ng / a c s recommendations.html COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING (PDQ®)–HEALTH PROFESSIONAL VERSION. (2021, 30 JUNE EXPOSURE). NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal-screening-pdq COLORECTAL CANCER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | SIGNS OF COLORECTAL CANCER. (2020, JUNE). AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-andsymptoms.html EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL CANCER: INCIDENCE, MORTALITY, SURVIVAL, AND RISK FACTORS. (2019). PUBMED CENTRAL (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791134/ EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL CANCER: INCIDENCE, MORTALITY, SURVIVAL, AND RISK FACTORS. (2019). PUBMED CENTRAL (PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791134/ ORGANIZED COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM STARTED IN GERMANY. (2019, MAY). MED TECH REIMBURSEMENT CONSULTING. https://mtrconsult.com/news/organized-colorectal-cancer-screening-program-started-germany SANDERS, M. E. (2019, 9 AUGUST). PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS IN INTESTINAL HEALTH AND DISEASE: FROM BIOLOGY TO THE CLINIC. NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY.. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-019-0173-3 UNG, H, FERLAY, J, SIEGEL, RL, LAVERSANNE, M, SOERJOMATARAM, I, JEMAL, A, BRAY, F. (2020). GLOBAL CANCER STATISTICS. GLOBOCAN ESTIMATES OF INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY WORLDWIDE FOR 36 CANCERS IN 185 COUNTRIES. CA CANCER J CLIN. 2021: 71: 209- 249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660 WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF COLORECTAL CANCER? | CDC. (2021, 8 FEBRUARY). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/symptoms.htm WONG, M. C., HUANG, J., LOK, V., WANG, J., FUNG, F., DING, H., & ZHENG, Z.-J. (2020). DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY TRENDS OF COLORECTAL CANCER, WORLDWIDE, BASED ON SEX, AGE, AND ANATOMIC LOCATION. CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY. DOI:10.1016/ J.CGH.2020.02.026
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