EcoTecture
An Ecological Intervention
Somer Galal arch-401-W01 Lior Galili Antonio Gabriele Fall 2014
Precedent Study Barcelona, Spain Plan
1690
1690
1809 1
1809
1850
Diagrams
Urban Layers
Density
Infastructure
Figure Ground
1690
1809
1850
Organiuc and Imposed Development
1690
1850
1809
1850
Soft and Hard Boundaries
1890
2
Paris, France Plan
1704
1800
1890
Sections
3
1704
1800
1890
Diagrams Urban Layers
Density
Infastructure
Figure Ground
1704
1800
1890
Organiuc and Imposed Development
1704
1800
Soft and Hard Boundaries
1890 4
Timeline Brooklyn Human Population 7
East River Marine Population (lbsx10 )
Marsh 100%
5k
Marsh 20%
Warehouse 25%
Industry 40%
Ship Repair 15%
Industry 60%
60k 1710
1843
1600
1700 Dutch East Indies Company
Act For Preserving of Oysters
First Dry Dock
Navy Established
1800 First Steam Ship
Industrial Revolution
2.3lb
2.6lb
19
BNY BNY Closes Opened
Typhoid Outbreak
1.8m
2.4lb
Concept The East River is one of the most contaminated Rivers in New York. This is mainly due to, marine overharvesting, water pollutants, and drastic land reconfiguration through infill. Our approach benefits the community by becoming part of NYC’s Ecological control systems that aim to decontaminate the East River and restore natural habitats. This intervention will be implemented through a series of ecotectural systems. These systems include; a water sanitation plant, an aquaculture nursery, the restoration of marshland, introduced bioswells, breakwaters and green roofs. The Yards current industrial buildings will maintain their functionality and tenants. The proposed buildings will be constructed on them and function in mutual symbiosis. Transportation systems such as a monorail and a recessed marsh walk will allow, both old and new tenants, as well as the community to maneuver without disruption. Through a series of flood mitigation techniques and water management this approach will give the waterfront back to the community the yard while maintaining its historical significance and current use. 5
Community
Sewage water from homes goes to treatment plant
Water Managment
Treated water gets distributed to the ecology
Ecology
Treated water gets distributed to the ecology
Police Dept. 15%
Warehouse 27%
Industry 18%
Ship Repair 13%
Police Dept. 15%
Warehouse 28%
Sanitary 10% Ship Repair 12%
Marketplace 13%
Ship Repair 26%
900
Marketplace 24% Industry 19%
2008
1915
Invent of Purse Seigning
Warehouse 20%
Channel Excavations
WWI
First Green Industrial Building
Clean Water Act
2000
WWII
Steiner Studios Opens
Market Annexed
Advent of Refrigerated Railroad Cars
2015
2010 Building 92
1lb
1.9lb 2.1lb
2.2m
2.3m
How do Humans Impact the Ecosystem?
What Systems Decrease Ecological Impacts? NYC Urban Farms
NYC Treatment MILLIONS GALLONS PER DAY
310
RED HOOK
150
NEWTOWN CREEK
WARDS ISLAND
200 TALLMANS ISLAND
Aquaculture
Regulated Harvest
Sun-rays induce photosynthesis for plants which produces oxygen
Refracted Sun-rays blocked by waste, prevents plants production of oxygen
Industrial Plant expels toxic waste
Unregulated Harvest
170
HUNTS POINT
60
NORTH RIVER
OAKWOOD BEACH
60
PORT RICHMOND
Positive
Absorbtion plants prevent rainwater from carrying sediments into the bay
Aquatic Plants Plants “breathe” carbon dioxide and “exhale” oxygen which Aquatic life need to breath
Overflow during intense periods of percipitation the pipes over flow and empty into the bay
Negative Information @ Department of Environmental Conservation
.20
RANDALLS ISLAND
ADDED VALUE
.04
HORTICULTURAL
BRONX
OWLS HEAD
.02
URBAN BATTERY
CONEY ISLAND
.16
TENTH ACRE
.13
UNITED COM CENTER
ROCKAWAY
.91
GRANGE NAVY YARD
.03
KCC URBAN FARM
85
26TH WARD
.30
BROOKLYN GRANGE
.33
EAGLE STREET
MANHATTAN
NYU URBAN FARM MANHATTAN
QUEENS
TOTAL ACREAGE = 4.67
100 JAMAICA
QUEENS
AVG. PRECIPITATION = 3.77 BGY AVG. URBAN FARM WATER ABSORBTION = 134 MGY
TOTAL WATER TREATED = 1.5 BGD
Rainwater Runoff carries sediments that clog streams, reduce oxygen and poison aquatic life
GOTHAM GREENS
45
TOTAL WATER USED = 3.5 BGD
Algal Blooms nutrients, such as nitrogen or phosphorus from sewage, cause algal blooms which block sun from reaching sea plants.
.80 1.78
110
TOTAL WATER LEFT UNTREATED =
Sewage treated at water plant facility
BRONX
.07
120
275 BOWERY BAY 80
TONS PER YEAR
40
2 BGD
JAMAICA
TOTAL RAIN/STORM WATER RUNOFF=
JAMAICA
3.76 BGY BROOKLYN
BROOKLYN
STATEN ISLAND
STATEN ISLAND
Water treatment plants help to reduce the amount of harmful polluted and nutrient saturated water that is returned to NYC’s estuary.
Urban Farms help to reduce the amount of rainwater runoff that carries sediments that clog streams and reduce oxygen in the water, as well as chemicals that poison aquatic ecosystems. @ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
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How do Ecological Control Systems Work? Urban Rooftop
Filter Feeders
Aquaponics
Vegetation
Growing Medium
Fish are fed and produce Ammonia rich waste. Too much waste substance is toxic for the fish, but they can withstand high levels of Nitrates. The bacteria, which is cultured in the grow beds as well as the fish tank, breaks down this Ammonia into Nitrites and then Nitrates.
Grow Bed
Adult Oysters
Menhaden Fish
Plants take in the converted Nitrates as nutrients. the nutrients are a fertilizer, feeding the plants. Also, the plant roots help filter the water for the fish.
Filter Membrane Drainage Layer Water Proofing Membrane Support Panel
Purify 10-100 gallons per day
Thermal Insulation Vapor Barrier Structural Suport
@ WWF GLOBAL WILDLIFE
Sewage System
Oxygen Enters the system through an air pump and during dry periods this oxygen is essential for plant growth and fish survival.
@ AN AQUAPONIC IDEA
Treatment System Sewage
Business Waste Water
Residential Waste Water
Water in the system is filtered through the grow medium in the grow beds. The water also contains all the nutrients for the fish.
Fish Tank
Purify 1,000-10,000 gallons per day
Community
Treatment Roof Drain
Sewer
Waste Water Plant
Roof Drain
Street Drains
Rain/Storm
Sewer Treated Water Bay
Retention -Ponds -Rain Barrels -Permiable Pavement -Rain Gardens -Leeching
Agriculture
East River Waste and Storm Water Combined
Weir Wall
Distribution -Bioswales nursery -farms -orchard
Treatment
Aquaculture
Combined Sewer Outfall
Treatment
-Primary Settling Tanks -Aeration Basin -Final Settling Tanks -Chlorine Tanks -Anaerobic Digesters
Flow to Water Plant @http://greenlearningstation.org/stormwater.aspx
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Distribution -Oyster Dry dock -Menhaden Dry docks
Community Contribution
Current Propose
1B gpa pollutants enter the East River annually Decrease this by 11%
Air in NYC is polluted Propose to decrease
.3 m lbs local produce/seafood annually in NYC Increase this by 10 %
Water
Air
Food
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
HEALTH
11% unemployment in Brooklyn
Jobs
Provide 6,000 jobs
Restricted Access Limited Access
Businesses pay $ .1 per gallon of grey water Sell $2.1 Billion worth of greywater per year
Community
18 feet flooding surge in Brooklyn
Flooding
Propose to reduce this by 16 feet
Tourism revenus $34.5 billion per year in NYC Net $9.1 Million from tourism per year Importing produce costs NYC $4 billion annually Sell $1.1 billon produce annually
Business
Tourism
Market
ECOLOGICAL
190 aqauatic and plant species Reintroduce 20 species
Biodiversity
300 acres of marshland has been infilled in Brooklyn Reintroduce 97 acres
128 BGY polluted water enter East River Filter 141 BGY
@ www.fiveboroughfarm.org
Land
Filter
http://www.nycgo.com/articles/nyc-statistics-page
Phasing
2
3
Demolition
Reconfigurate
Refurbishment
Repurpose
Additions
Damaged existing buildings are demolished to make space for parks, green spaces, and to reintroduce the marshlands.
Land is reconfigured to slope to the campus rentention ponds. Marsh land, bioswales and breakwaters are all configured using the loose gravel.
Existing industrial buildings are refurbished and brought to meet the standards of a flood zone. The buildings maintain their current tenents.
Existing structures such as the drydocks, and warehouses are repurposed to serve as ecological interventions.
New structures are built on top of refurbished structures and serve as urban farms, and side treatments. Transportation Infastructure is built.
1
4
5
8
Plan
A
Marsh Walkway
A recessed walkway in the reintroduced marsh allows the community to explore the site without disrupting the industrial activity of the yard.
-Marshland
4
4 Breakwaters
-Bioswales
Oyster Reef -Chlorine Tanks
-Primary Settling Tanks -Menhaden
2
C
-Aeration Basin
A
-Final Settling Tanks
Fertilizer Plant
5
3
Dugal Side Treatment
B
Steiner Studio
-Rain Gardens
Administration
-Fine Arts, Studios
B
-Oysters
C -Campus
-NYCHA -Warehouses
C
-Urban Greenhouses -Office Spaces
B
-Market
B Bldg 92
Grange -Food products
B
1
9
A
Scale : 1”=256’
Causes and Actions
The causes of contamination of the East Rivers water and the action that the intervention takes to mitigate them
A
B
Urban Farm/ Water Sanitation
WATER POLLUTANTS
LAND REFORM
C
CAUSES
Urban Fabric
OVERHARVESTING
The water Sanitation plant filters sewage water from the Brooklyn Community and distributes clean water filled with nutrients to the aquaculture and side treatment plant for further filtration.
Industrial/Existing Buildings Proposed buildings sit on existing structures. This allows the tenants of the Navy Yard to function on their regular daily basis. Provides water mitigation and produce through green roofs.
URBAN FARMS Prevents flooding, traps sediments, removes pollutants, and creates wildlife habitat. Its plants can filter excess nutrients from soil before before it reaches the water.
RESTORING MARSHLAND Prevents flooding, traps sediments, removes pollutants, and creates wildlife habitat. Its plants can filter excess nutrients from soil before before it reaches the water.
ACTION A RETENTION PONDS
Flood Mitigation Through the reintroduction of the marsh land, retention ponds, bioswales, breakwaters and dry docks flooding can be mitigated by 16 feet.
Prevents sewers from overflowing by collecting rainwater.
REGULATION CONSUMER EDUCATION Educating the public can reduce water polluting, overharvesting, and promote responsible practices.
Banning industrial methods such as, purse seining, sonar fishing, and dynomite electro fishing. Installing a monitoring system that controls fishermen from overfishing.
ACTION B
AQUACULTURE Cultivates aquatic organisms such as fish, and aquatic plants under controlled conditions that protect from predators. Aids in the reproduction of species.
Human/Produce Transportation Through the monorail system produce can be picked up and distributed to the extended markets from the green roofs to feed the entire Brooklyn Navy Yard and sustain many neighborhoods in Brooklyn. The use of the old crane tracks is used to transfer cages between dry docks. The marsh walk is for the community to explore the yard without being obtrusive to the daily on goings.
Vehicular Infrastructure The main road and periphery roads are made of a permeable concrete which allows water to be collected and redirected to water sanitations plants on site or to a retention pond.
POROUS PAVEMENT BIOSWALES The bioswale, is a street tree, recontextualized with plants and low curbs, that absorbs water.
Stores and infiltrates water runoff, reduces the amount of land for stormwater management, reduces pollutants in water runoff and helps alleviate flooding and contamination to
ACTION C TREATMENT PLANT Removes pollutants, breaks down matter and restores oxygen to treated water. Four sets of operations are preliminary, primary, secondary and sludge treatment. A network of sewers connected to buildings, and street grates deliver waste to a treatment plant’s collection tanks.
Proposal By combining flood mitigating “soft” with “hard” infrastructure the site becomes a system of ecological interventions that work in unison to both prevent flooding and provide the community and the Yards tenants with the privacy they need to carry out business.
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Installation Wall
Section A
11
Grange
NYCHA
Greenhouse
Oyster Nursery
Dugal
Rainstorm water collected
Wastewater deposited in the sanitation tanks
Water Plant
Fertilizer Plant
Filtered water from tanks is distributed to aquaculture docks
Wastewater from aqua tanks distributes to greenhouses providing nutrients to vegetation
Scale : 1�=200’ 12
NYCHA
Section B
13
Admin OfďŹ ce
Side Treatment
Greenhouse
Warehouse
Green Manu
Ecological Infrastructure
Mean Sea Level + SLR
Menhaden Nursery
Rentention Park
Oyster Nursery
Transitional Cages
Oyster Reef Restoration
Filter Rock
Yellow Birch Trees
Filter Rock
D] Constructed Reefs
A) Dry Dock Adaptive Reuse
Douglas-Fir Trees
Marsh
Water Edge
Water Catchment
G) Friction Forests
Mean Sea Level
Bike Rack
Basin
Bleecher
Walk Path
Market
Bench
Barren Zone
Salt Pan
Marsh
Armor Rock
Marshland
Oyster Reef Restoration
Filter Rock
H] Absorptive Edges
E] Tidal Flats
B] Installation Wall
Surge Water Level
Mean Sea Level + SLR Mean Sea Level
Road
Walk Path
Bike Path
Upland
C] Hyper Absorption Pavement
Grange
High Marsh
Low Marsh
Oyster Reef Restoration
Tidal Flats
Warehouse
Filter Rock
Armor Rock
Breakwater
G] Habitat Breakwaters
F] Dredge Wetlands
Monorail
Steiner Studio
@ kate Orff
Campus
Scale : 1”=200’ 14
Brooklyn Grange
Brooklyn Grange’s farms include two rooftop vegetable farms, totaling 2.5 acres and producing over 50,000 lbs of organically-grown vegetables each year. With the monorail transportingthe good throughout the site
Journey BQE Flushing ave Building 92
1
Oyster Nursery
Through reef building hundreds-of-thousands of oysters will be restored to the Estuary ecosystem – allowing this keystone species to begin playing its natural role in cleansing our waterways
3 Machine Shop Drydocks Installation Wall
15
2
Repurposed Dry Dock
Used for a green gathering space utilized by Yard employees while allowing you to see into Oyster Nursery. Serves as a ooding mitigator due to it’s bioswales and permiable pavement. Water to be redirected to water treatment plant.
Marsh Walk Monorail Grange
3
Habitable Breakwaters Oyster Reef Cross sectionAllowable walking path allowing for maximun views of NYC skyline. Mitigatior of high tide
Urban farms Bioswell Sanitation Plant
High Tide 4
Low Tide
Porous Ecoconcrete
Filter Rocks
Friction Trees
Kayaks
16
@ kate Orff
Oyster Nursery Dock
Oyster Population Rehabilitation Cross sectionThrough the repurposing of dry docks oyster breeding can be controlled in an effort to restore New Yorks historic reef populations as they are pivitol in the ecology of the East River.
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5
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