M. Juno Song portfolio 2005 - 2012
M. Juno Song
contents academic work 2005 - 2012
graduate work
University of California, Berkeley fall 2010 - spring 2012
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8 - 15
petaluma work live: library petalumna, california - fall 2010 instructor: Danelle Guthrie
rotten city: park + museum + casino emeryville, california - fall 2011 instructor: Darell Fields
16 - 27
future cityscape of the korean demilitarized zone thesis project, 38th parallel, korea - spring 2012 instructor: Susan Ubbelohde, Cris Benton
28 - 33
kuykendall hall retrofit
high facade seminar, hawaii - spring 2011 instructor: Susan Ubbelohde team: Govinda DeCastro, David Dana
post-undergraduate
34 - 43
city and country church
undergraduate work
44 - 47
la petite ceinture
Georgia Institute of Technology fall 2005 - fall 2009
living presence competition, new orleans - 2010 team: professor Jude Leblanc, Jack Yeh
joint study abroad studio, paris - 2009 instructor: Libero Andreotti, Xavier Wrona, Tristan Al-hadeed team: John Tankard, Mathias Friedmen, Allias Clementine
48 - 57
smyrna aquatic center
58 - 61
mechanicsville mixed use housing
velux light competition, smryna, georgia - spring 2008 instructor: Danny England
joint academic / work studio, atlanta, georgia - 2007 instructor: Jude Leblanc
62 - 67
tech square dormitories
georgia tech, atlanta, georgia - fall 2007 instructor: Frederick Pearsall
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“green” light scoops
habitable roof filters light
extension of hills
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M. Juno Song
petaluma work live: bookstore petalumna, california - fall 2010
This studio commenced with an unknown program and a vague site. We were given the guidelines of work, live, play and told to pick a parcel within a broad site in Petaluma, CA. When first visiting the site two main observations stayed with me, the rolling hills of northern California and the bending river that separated the historic downtown from our industrial, slightly abandoned site. Across the river lies the edge of the historical downtown which is home to restaurants, shops, and a small boardwalk with many outdoor balconies and porches. While many of the downtown buildings face and embrace the river’s edge, the strip mall, warehouses, and current buildings located on our site are all turned away. My concept from that point forth was to develop and shape the site into a space where the community could gather and relax, to interact with and view the historic downtown. By then I decided on designating the program as a bookstore, lending its tranquil nature to further push my idea of creating a calming destination by the water. The core concept was to create a weaving landscape that brought the hills of northern California to the water’s edge. Serving as an extension of the river’s bank, the building’s roofs would themselves become the place of leisure to enjoy the view and relax. Siting the building perpendicular to the dock path and wanting to create two straight paths parallel to the river that take one from inside the building to the roof and vice versa, created three main strips that housed different programmatic elements. There exists one main path that takes users from underground to the roof and a secondary path that takes them from the roof into the building. The main circulation path is also intersected by cross section paths that lead users to different programs as well as the office/living units. I visioned and designed the building with the main circulation as the focal point. It leads the user from being in the ground (parking) to above ground (entrance) then back into the building / in the ground (lobby reading spaces) and finally above ground again (green roof). The green roof also weaves through the building to let light, circulation, and nature in. The green roofs extend out from the building to provide views and rest areas toward the river as well as solar shading on the south side. The building serves as a threshold to the dock, which is used daily by fishermen, tourists, and residents of the city. In the future, perhaps the building will serve as a catalyst for future expansion across the water and revitalize what was once abandoned land.
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offices / live
interior green courts
exterior green roof
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M. Juno Song
circulation
structure glulam
site model
structure / detail model
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N
first floor
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M. Juno Song
second floor
third floor
short sections
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rotten city: park + museum + casino emeryville, california - fall 2011
Getting from one side to the other, however, is far more complex than it seems. The language of urbanism codes the phenomena of the city as a series of patterns, fabrics, and flows. Within this framework, “public” is understood as a spatial anomaly in a smooth, expansive field of convenience and common experience. If there is an ideal opposite to this process, it is best represented by Emeryville. This city’s version of public space is deeply conflicted and adaptive, always shot-through with opportunist entrepreneurship, frivolity, and entertainment. Only through the language of urbanism is it possible to disguise (accept) one of Emeryville’s most tragic wonders—the transformation of an ancient burial mound in to a regional shopping mall. A museum program in this social setting, for example, offers more than a place for serene viewing. It can also be understood as a public space to display, critique and negotiate the city’s ongoing historical conflicts. Gambling and entertainment have a specific historical relationship with the city’s formation of public space. Racetracks (e.g. dog, horse, bicycle, etc.), card houses, dance halls, shooting ranges, bowling alleys, and carousels have all contributed to Emeryville’s public spectacle. For example, the Oaks Card Club—a place to gamble just down the street from Disney’s Pixar Studios—is advertised by the city as the oldest “establishment” of its kind in northern California. These programs, along with more contemporary replacements (e.g. restaurants, clothing stores, movie theatres, etc.), present themselves as civic places to increase their perceived value. The studio, Rotten City, can be understood as both moral indignation and pragmatic acceptance of the Emeryville’s real history. Here, a park|museum|casino over a railway as public space is consistently strange—and unremarkable. The studio proposes a new park, museum, and casino for Emeryville, CA. The park, museum, casino triad is envisioned as a programmatic connector for the east and west sides of the city. The precincts are currently separated by railroad tracks. The programs suggested address the city’s troubled relationship with its infrastructure and history. Emeryville is a small city located between Berkeley and Oakland. Incorporated in 1896, the city represents an excellent case study in urban transformation. Its lineage as a city includes Native American settlements, questionable gambling establishments, resistance to prohibition, vestiges of post-industrialization and, within the last decade, an emerging hub of shopping, entertainment, modern housing developments, and hi-tech companies. A constant throughout the transformation of Emeryville over the past century has been the Union Pacific (formerly Southern Pacific) and Amtrak rail lines. This north/south corridor provides regional and national transportation amenities (Emeryville has one of the newest train stations in the Amtrak system). Unfortunately, the railway corridor “splits” Emeryville in to east/west halves. The result is vibrant shopping and entertainment centers are disconnected from the bulk of new housing complexes. A trip that could be accomplished by a 5-10 minute walk can only be negotiated safely by car. The studio is situated in a critical moment in the city’s transformation, addressing directly the amenity and nuisance of railway lines that occupy its center. In this regard, Emeryville is not unlike other cities pursuing public works projects that transform a public nuisance in to connective public space. Boston’s “Big Dig” and Seattle’s “Olympic Park” offer two examples. While there are plans in Emeryville for pedestrian bridges to cross the UP/Amtrak corridor, these attempts offer strictly functional connections. Converting the “air rights” over the tracks to sponsor programmed connectivity (e.g. park, museum, casino, etc.) offers a more compelling re-adaptation of the city’s programmatic history. Taking a piece of Emeryville history, the concept stems from transforming the typology of warehouses located close to the rail, loyal to the city’s constant habit of adapting and reusing its land, buildings, and identity. These warehouse types, the last ones to exists close to the rail, would extend across the rail to form connections between the two halves of the city. Casino, museum, and park are situated within the warehouses and between them. They become a series of bars that extend out to the western portion of the city, inviting outcast residents to enjoy what Emeryville has become known for, a place of leisure and shopping. From Baystreet, the buildings serve as a series of thresholds that propose new programs and invite users to turn perpendicular to the main shopping street and venture into real Emervyille.
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M. Juno Song
series of connective bridges/warehouses that span across the rail
potential crossing
baystreet site
potential crossing
9
f
a
b
c
d
e
concept: transforming the warehouse typology
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M. Juno Song
section f
section e
section d
section c
section b
section a
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casino
office
casino
retail casino
lobby / casino
restaurant
retail
theatre
meeting
office storage meeting
lobby / bookstore
lobby
plan level 1
site model
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M. Juno Song
casino
office
bar
restaurant
office theatre cafe
plan level 2
study model
13
casino
casino
hotel
casino
cafe / restaurant
museum
museum
plan level 3
study model
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M. Juno Song
casino
baystreet entrance
night bird’s eye
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future cityscape of the korean demilitarized zone thesis project - spring 2012
The Demilitarized Zone separating North and South Korea remains as one of the few “untouched� regions in the world. A border zone was created after the Korean War dividing the country, the identity, and the people of Korea into two separate sects. With recent events bringing news from the Korean Peninsula into the spotlight, the death of Kim Jong-Il, the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan and the bombardment of the island Yeonpyeong close to the border, the question of if the status-quo between the two brother nations will change is again brought forth. The relationship between the two nations is both dynamic and stagnant. Peace dialogues between the two countries as well as third parties are commonplace, yet it seems to have become ritualistic for them to suddenly fail with defensive and aggressive measures taking their place. The Demilitarized Zone ironically is the most heavily militarized border in the world and even though it has not been developed on in the past half century, it has been touched through the act of war and hostilities. To the south lies one of the most developed and economically booming countries in Asia. To the north lies an isolationist regime stuck in the past lacking even basic necessities for its people. Despite North and South Korea having drastic opposing policies in the economic, social and political realm, both sides share a similar goal, a goal of reunification. Eventual re-unification of the Koreas is generally viewed to be inevitable, but it has been close to 60 years and the two sides are still at war. The Joint Security Area is the only site situated on the demarcation line allowing the two Koreas to stand face to face. Neutral buildings and respected north and south pavilions allow for diplomatic and military meetings. It has also become a tourist destination that attracts visitors on both sides of the border. A weird mix of military guard towers, tanks, land mines, and thousands of tourists come together daily at this zone. Guards, diplomats, and tourists come together to stare and ponder what it would be like to live on the other side. Ultimately, through reunification or peacetime the two Koreas will be once again be connected through the former DMZ. What will the connection between the two Koreas mean for the four kilometer strip that once separated the two? What possibilities will designers and planners envision for the DMZ, an untouched refuge? How will the urban fabric grow and evolve on either side of the border?
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M. Juno Song
It is a bit humorous that while both sides have opposing policies in the economic, social and diplomatic realm, both north and south share a similar goal, a goal of reunification. Not surprisingly both sides view themselves as the main catalyst and liberator in the unified Korea scenario. Under the rule of 3rd generation KFR ( Kim Family Regime ) the future of North Korea is unknown and up for speculation. Whether the young Kim Jong-Un is prepared to follow in similar fashion and policies as his father and grandfather or if his lack of experience and western upbringing causes the collapse or reform of North Korea, only time will tell. In this thesis, a future scenario of the Korean Peninsula will be constructed with the basis that North Korea has fallen and is under the protectorate of South Korea. Regardless of if unification does or does not happen in the near or not so near future, the Demilitarized Zone will still be one of the largest built environment issues that will have to tackled and envisioned. Though the unification of the Korean Peninsula is seen as inevitable, critical problems and questions must be answered about the overall process. Similar to many contested borders, questions concerning economic, political and social agendas are key. The questions are even more problematic due to North Korea being extremely hostile as well as being severely under-developed than its southern counterpart. The divided Korea can be compared slightly in part to East and West Germany, which also occurred during the cold war. Germany’s eventual reunification had significant lag and impact on its culture and society costing close to two trillion dollars over two decades. Due to more extreme differences between the two Koreas, the problems and impact that comes from reunification should be expected to be even severer with negative effects lasting longer periods. Also, as the length of separation increases, younger generations in South Korea have become apathetic and more concerned about the cost of reuniting. Not only would the cost of developing the north take its toll, but many view their northern brethren as a separate people, a new group that just happens to share a similar language and history. This thesis will explore both the urban scale as well as the architectural scale future of the DMZ and Korean Peninsula. A time line measuring one hundred years into the future is split into three sections, the analytical relationship between the two Koreas, how that relationship will inform urban growth and change near and through the DMZ, and at architectural scale, speculation and design of specific moments in the urban fabric and how it evolves over time.
“future” border city
“future” border city
“future” border city
propaganda village freedom village peace village 3rd tunnel kaesong industrial park special economic zone
woljeong-ri station 2nd tunnel
1st tunnel
peace dam
4th tunnel
imjingak tourist park
yongneup nature landmark kumgangsan tourist special economic zone
korean dmz
south pyongan pyongyang
donghae rail connection
population : 24,000000 GDP : $40 billion GDP per capita : $1,900 military personnel + reserves : 5,870,000
civilian control zone North Korea ( unknown )
kangwon
DMZ 4 km x 250 km North Korea zone ( 2km ) military demarcation line South Korea zone ( 2km )
north hwanghae
civilian control zone South Korea ( 5 - 20 km )
kumgangsan
possible connections through rail and highway
south hwanghae kaesong
population : 48,000,000 GDP : $1.163 trillion GDP per capita : $30,000 military personnel + reserves : 5,100,000
200 km distance / 3 hours driving distance
gyeongui rail connection major roads major rail lines province lines airports
inchon
seoul gyeonggi
gangwon
chungcheongbuk
korean peninsula
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dmz land analysis
fire burn scars
current / potential development
farmland / grassland
forest cover
rivers / forests
crane migration conservation
fields / farmlands
wetlands yellow sea
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M. Juno Song
demilitarized zone 902 km2 (100%)
civilian control zone 1,369 km2 (100%)
total area
685 km2
(75.5%)
946 km2
(69.1%)
forest lands
25 km2
(2.8%)
210 km2
(15.3%)
agricultural lands
184 km2
(20.3%)
-- km2
(--%)
grassland
13 km2
(1.4%)
213 km2
(17.4%)
other
dmz encompasses 0.05% of the total land area of Korea 6 rivers + basins 37 mountain ranges 32 wetlands numerous fields, forests, and potential farmland natural wildlife has taken over the battlefield transforming the void into a haven for endangered species, bird migration, and the unexpected.
forests
east sea
mountains
Currently on the Korean Peninsula there exists infrastructure that historically connected the south to the north. Two major points of connection are on the Gyeongui and Donghae rail lines. While efforts for both lines to become active have been pushed for since unification talks in 1990, recent unfriendly events have halted the progression of the two projects. These two points are directly connected to both special economic zones in North Korea, the Gyeongui Line to the Kaesong Industrial Park and the Donghae Line to the Kumgangsan Tourist Resort. Mountain ranges, valleys, and rivers also cross the 4 km border. Small villages, farming towns, and cities are formed along these natural systems less than 20kms across from one another. While there is no major development inside the Civilian Control Zone in the south, the border is less defined to the north. Farmland and grassland dominates the valleys and lower regions of the DMZ. Wildlife runs wild and rare bird migrations take place yearly as this landscape has been transformed from a scorched war zone to a nature haven.
% of species in Korea located within the DMZ 33% of plant species 50% of mammal species 20% of bird species white naped crane red crowned crane swan goose otter fur seal korean water deer rat snake narrow mouthed frog black faced spoonbill
chinese mitten crab great egret asian keelback snake wild boar goral musk deer lynx black bear (possibility) siberian tiger (possibility)
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demographics and special economic zones (SEZ)
Jan. 21, 1951 People’s Volunteer Army enters the war pushing U.N forces back
Pyongyang
November 1950
Pyongyang 1953 - present
June 1950 1951 - 1953 Incheon
Seoul
Seoul Nov. 24, 1950 General MacArthur counter-offensive
January 1951
Daejeon Daegu September 1950
Ulsan Busan
Gwangju
density persons per km2
Korean War history KPA / PVA army U.N. / ROK army frontline
change total population % 2000 - 2005 > 20 10 20 0 10
1000+ 251 - 1000 26 -250 1 - 25
-5 -10
0 -5 < -10
border conflict zones studied
india / pakistan east / west germany north / south korea strait of gibraltar china / taiwan u.s / mexico border north / south vietnam israel / palestine north / south yemen
Korean Peninsula
size population military size capital government terrain climate border landmines
222,258 sq km 73,212,149 people (2011 est) 18,000,000 active + reserve Pyongyang / Seoul communist dictatorship / republic hills, mountains, valleys, coastal temperate with rainfall in summer Demilitarized Zone 4 km by 250 km 2,000,000 +
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M. Juno Song
special economic zones (SEZ) catalyst for growth
Kaesong Industrial Park manufacturing site
$ $ $
Rajin-Sonbong trade/investment zone Kumgangsan Resort visitation : 1998 sez: 2002 visitors: 1,000,000 + closed: 2008 reopening: pending
Sinuiji international complex
Incheon
Seoul
export / logistics node
financial / market
Kaesong Industrial Park manufacturing zone : 2003 est. workers : 700,000 actual workers : 50,000 ROK firms : 120+ annual $ : $323,000,000 + SEZ golden cricle
special economic zones borders
kaesong industrial administration / finance
foreign currency foreign information
$
$
ROK
$
?
$
cheap goods profit
DPRK labor force / land
Kumgangsan Resort
foreign currency foreign information
$ $
? $$
DPRK labor force / land
administration / finance tourism / foreign currency
$
ROK brief unification / profit
North Korea remains an isolationist regime that prides itself on self reliance and sustenance. For this reason, the North has maintained limited foreign trade relations. One of the most important issues to solve in the reunification of the Korean Peninsula deals with how to stimulate North Korea’s economy and development so it can be closer on par with its southern neighbor. The difference between the two is so drastic, that if unification were to happen, the rich southern’s economy would erupt into chaos. One way of investing into North Korea’s economy was through creating Special Economic Zones (SEZ). Special Economic Zones are “designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations that are different from other areas in the same country. Moreover, these regulations tend to contain measures that are conducive to foreign direct investment. The Basic Agreement on Exchange signed in 1990, and the Sunshine Policy signed in 2000 have set the base for South Korean investment on northern soil. Four SEZ have been created: Rajin-Sonbong (1991) and Sinuiju (2002) on the Chinese border and the Kumgangsan Tourist Resort (2002) and Kaesong Industrial Park(2002) on the South Korean border. The Kaesong Industrial Park is part of a gold triangle on the Korean Peninsula. Incheon acts as a logistics nod, Seoul as the financial center, and Kaesong as the manufacturing site. Growth and development spurred from investment into the Kaesong Industrial Park will be a key catalyst in reunifying the peninsula. Its growth will slowly transform the industrial park into a thriving city that will connect across the DMZ to its southern counterpart. It is also located on an existing rail infrastructure that brings workers and money from the south to the north and will transport goods from the north to the south. A modern train station already exists within the DMZ, but remains unused. Both the park and the infrastructure will bring both southern and northern people to the vicinity of the DMZ transforming it from an untouched land to a thriving border fabric.
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future expansion of DMZ border cities from 2012 - 2100
year 2012
year 2030
In South Korea, the capital city of Seoul is located only 40 kms away from the demarcation line. This paju city houses a population of more than 10 million people and is goyang continuing to grow. The city itself has expanded in all seoul directions with the outskirts or suburbs growing the fastest. inchon The city of Seoul is so expensive that when people, recently moved from rural regions, move to the city, they search for cheaper lands or cities nearby the capital. Cities such as Paju, north of Seoul, are rapidly expanding and encroaching the Civilian Control Zone.
At the national and urban scale, South Korea continues to grow steadily, in terms of wealth and development. Its urban condition paju of sprawled high rise apartments goyang or luxurious new â&#x20AC;&#x153;Americanâ&#x20AC;? style townhouses continue seoul to be developed in mass further and further away inchon from the main cities. The little land that South Korea has to offer is slowly being turned into a mass concoction of steel and concrete for millions of people. Development north of Seoul has already taken place prior to this decade and urban growth continues to densify off major highways, infrastructure, and the coastline. As the urban fabric encroaches further north, it comes in close proximity with the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) which is currently off limits for development. Most of the land past this invisible line is left unused, as farmland, or serves as sites for military bases. In strict compliance with this border, the urban fabric starts to expand outward rather than northward and a small border type city becomes to form at the edge of the CCZ.
kaesong
In North Korea, infrastructure, housing, and developments continue to be stagnant or deteriorating. There is little to no electricity and running water. Many live in the ancient cold war apartments and complexes that are now failing. One can see in the satellite view of the Korean Peninsula at night that the majority of the little electricity available in North Korea is used in the capital city of Pyongyang. The only place that has seen expansion is the Kaesong Industrial Park near the border. This is only due to foreign firms investing in new industrial buildings as well as residential zones for the employees who work at the park.
initial concept
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M. Juno Song
kaesong
North Korea has experienced most development in the city of Kaesong. Kaesong has become a site for those imperialist bastards, but is needed to provide funding to keep the regime afloat. Special Economic Zones have provided jobs, food, and foreign capital. The new 9600 acre development that was planned for the Kaesong Industrial Park is underway. Residential, leisure, and commercial zones extend from the park to Kaesong City as well as expanding downward towards the DMZ. The Gyeongui line becomes the main transportation hub for both goods and people between South Korea and its businesses located at the Industrial Park.
year 2060 When the instabilities of North Korea unfolded, development and growth stemming north halted. In fear of possible war or mass paju immigration, projects were put on goyang hold, and there was a slight decrease in population seoul near Paju, the closest city to the North. This was shortly inchon lived. The realization of the new government in the north, as well as large amounts of foreign aid, allowed development to pick up twice and three fold the original speed. While certain parts of the CCZ are still off limits, the portions north of Seoul and Paju have been opened up for development. The land here is cheap making it perfect for people looking to move closer to the capital of Seoul. Maybe the thought of immigrants moving south in the future compelled people to make developments, hoping to make investments toward a richer future when the borders are brought down. The infrastructure line of Gyeongui is continuously taking more people, supplies and funds to Kaesong Industrial Park and now all parts North Korea. As there are only two industrial and passenger rail tracks, one near Kaesong and one on the eastern edge, the urban fabric in these two areas are growing the fastest. kaesong
The infrastructure and built environment of the North is in shambles. Many buildings are unsafe and without running water, proper sanitation, and electricity. In the past 30 years, huge strides have been made into reconstruction and revitalizing old cities. Kaesong close to the border has had continued growth since 2000 and now with a new government, more firms and industries of all types are moving into the region to capitalize on the potential profit to be made. Shortly after the fall of Kim Jong Un, North Korea saw a huge migration of people to both the Chinese and South Korean Border. Both China and South Korea essentially blocked immigration, but what this did was stagnate a large portion of the population to concentrate in the north and south of former North Korea.
year 2100 Pamunjom, the border city which is referred to now by most all Koreans, has grown overwhelming paju since the fall of the communist regime. While development goyang primarily began and raced forward on the southern edge seoul of the DMZ, the north edge near Kaesong has inchon increasingly been catching up. The cityscape formed at Kaesong has now fully extended about 15km along the border. Much of the development is now happening outward, since there is now scarcity in land near the border. New regulations have stopped construction, especially near agricultural and ecological zones. The mountainous landscape also provides difficulty in extending the urban fabric. The spaces in between Kaesong and Seoul are now filling up to form a large urban fabric that links from one to the other. High speed rail and subway can allow visitors to move from one city to the next in under forty five minutes. The DMZ is now just another stop along the Gyeongui train line at Dorasan Station. While creating infrastructure spanning the DMZ has been opposed, too much demand has gave way to light rails connecting one city edge to the other. In speaking about connections across the border, much of it is still tightly restricted as only a small portion of the landmines have been removed. There has also been regulation to attempt to not disturb the natural ecosystem located in this specific part of the DMZ. There are some programmatic elements located within the border zone. Bird and animal watching platforms are one of the most popular attractions as migratory rare birds, like the Red crowned crane still use the wetlands of the DMZ as a resting point. There are also connections to historical sites, museums, historical military installments, and observation decks. As for further invading the DMZ with developments, this has been rigorously regulated to assure not only human protection, ie landmines, but also to sustain the local natural wildlife. There is an ongoing battle between developers and advocates of a natural DMZ into how the future land should be envisioned. kaesong
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year 2012 - 2030
future residential and commercial sector
There is no movement across this border.
current dmz condition
As Kaesong Industrial Park grows and the urban fabric has reached the border of the DMZ, a new border condition is needed. The design speculates that instead of further expanding into the DMZ, which is impossible due to the millions of land mines, the urban fabric grows vertically besides it. Foremost, foreign and South Korean firms investing heavily in the DMZ will have to set up offices and locations nearby. They will take much of the cheap land readily available along the border. To support the growing urban fabric as well as the supplies of the Industrial Park, new commercial programs will be located within this sector as well. What is created is a plinth of offices and commercial zones that form becoming the new border of the DMZ, supplying the new city population with cheap goods and providing a home base for large corporations. Parts of this plinth will also be used as parkscapes and viewing platforms looking out onto the DMZ.
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M. Juno Song
year 2030 - 2060
residential apartments push up to the DMZ a decade after North Koreaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s liberation
offices and firms investing into Kaesong development build along the DMZ
commercial and retail recieve many of their products from the SEZ.
office commercial
The border structure has become a series of tall walls that are both porous and monumental. I envisioned the border wall not as another divider, but a threshold between two realms, one a gray concrete urban machine and the other an untouched natural paradise. Inspired by imagery of Central Park and Golden Gate Park, the DMZ now becomes a refuge for the hard working citizens of Korea, both north and south. It becomes the exception to the city where citizens seek out its natural wonder. Circulation also becomes dominant within the DMZ. People spend their leisure time viewing and longing to be connected to the other side. They cannot as of yet. They can only see their counterparts walking, doing, and resting on the other side. Messages are sent over via balloons. The Korean people reach for connection, but are still just shy of it. The walls serve as backdrops for a stage. The stage being the DMZ and the inhabitants being both the actors and audience.
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year 2060 - 2100
leisure programs such as cinema, shopping,restaurants
residents occupy the highest portion of the structure with views to both the southern and northern regions of Korea residential
public parks start to frame views connecting viewers from the urban to the natural
recreation
park
office commercial
As the cityscape grows so does the border structure. New programs are stacked on top and new pocket parks are made available. Ultimately as the years pass circulation and viewing platforms might extend out into the DMZ allowing it to become what it already has started to evolve into, a tourist destination. This urban fabric and border structure will drastically change the way the DMZ is viewed not only have the people of Korea, but by tourists and foreigners. By 2100, the DMZ will be open for everyone to cross. At this point in the time, connections will span the 4kms to connect to small programmatic elements within the DMZ and to opposite sides. Care must be taken to not take over the DMZ. A delicate balance must be made between development and letting nature run its course. The prospect of making the DMZ a habitable zone, rather than a separating zone, will serve as a reminder of the horrible war torn past of the Korean Peninsula and how the once divided people became one
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M. Juno Song
year 2060 - 2100
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kuykendall hall retrofit high facade seminar, hawaii - spring 2011
Kuykendall Hall at the University of Hawaiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;I Manoa is in need of a major retrofit. Kuykendall Hall is a 1964 structure comprised of two buildings: a classroom building and a faculty office building. The concrete frame building originally took advantage of exterior shading, daylight and natural ventilation. Bi-metallic corrosion of the shading devices made them dangerous over time and they were stripped off. The classrooms were enclosed with solid walls, small awning windows and are centrally air conditioned. The faculty offices suffered from overheating and glare and were gradually retrofit with window film and window box air conditioners. Electricity costs are very high and the University is interested in using the retrofit of Kuykendall Hall as a model for the campus, ideally achieving a zero-net energy building with high quality interior spaces and occupant comfort. By studying the original design of the Hall, prior to the first renovation, and combining it with precedents of local architecture, our team pursued an initial concept of creating exterior decks that would provide shading, social interaction spaces, and circulation. Our goal was to create a building that would receive little to no direct sunlight and be cooled through natural ventilation most of the year. We also wanted to experiment inversing the relationship of circulation to program by pulling the corridors to the outside. This idea is similar to that of the Charleston house or other projects that utilize natural ventilation to cool the rest of the house. This would further strengthen the shading of sunlight and increase social interaction. It was an interesting concept to develop because we were the only team to try to redevelop the layout of the building. The south facade was chosen to house the new circulation due to the harsh southern light most of the year. A combination of new circulation and wooden horizontal slats complete the shading which limits direct sunlight into the classrooms. Since the old cooling plant and machinery is no longer needed in the southern court, we proposed the construction of a relaxing social green that again strengthened the social interaction between the building and the outside. Due to the sun setting and rising in the northern sky during the summer months, the northern facade received a vertical shading treatment to combat east and western light. On each level, a social void punctures the building connecting the exterior circulation to the interior classrooms and offers places of gathering within the building. The once closed off interior corridor has now become open air and acts as stack ventilation drawing hot air from the classrooms.
concept
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M. Juno Song
original
design
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north south skin
exterior walkway
two halves, social voids
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M. Juno Song
Originally the first floor layout and hall were offset from the rest of the building. By shifting the hall over, the open air court now allows for natural light to enter into the hallway creating a more enjoyable experience for both students and professors.
classrooms draw in cool breezes that transfer to the core main core serves as stack ventilation drawing air from the classrooms social halls puncture the building allowing interaction as well as ventilation
section diagram
section diagram stack natural ventilation
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given conditions / site analysis
psychrometric chart 7.5% comfort hours (658 / 8760 hours)
humidity ratio
june - december wet bulb
december - june
dry bulb
sun chart red > 75째f
design psychrometric / daylight factor
humidity ratio
wet bulb
north facade
df % 6.0 + dry bulb
psychrometric chart 71%+ comfort hours (6230/ 8760 hours) blue: original comfort hours purple: required sun shading green: natural ventilation 64% comfort hours
4.0
2.0
south facade
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M. Juno Song
north facade
interior walk
exterior walk
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city and country church living presence competition, new orleans - 2010
Two design proposals were submitted as entries to a competition sponsored by Catholic University. These two design proposals are situated within a tradition that wishes to temper tradition itself with reform. This proposal for two church buildings in varying contexts is a pretense to foreground timely issues in the form of dialectics-city and country, building and garden, life and death, the gracious accommodation of program to endure and prudent energy use. The proposal aspires to reinforce the beliefs and drama of a particular faith through architectural means--specifically, the transmission of light and use of materials, the transformations of received concepts such as crypt, narthex, confessional, and baptismal, and the design of furnishings. The two churches are complementary with a number of aspects in common. Both are sited in Louisiana. The New St. Joseph Church located in the small rural town of Cecilia backs onto an existing mausoleum and an above-ground cemetery on the Bayou Teche. The Church of Stella Maris, Our Lady, Star of the Sea is located on St. Claude Street in New Orleans. The strongest design element in both cases is a large walled garden. The gardens are appropriate to a church. They are historically tied to monasteries as a place conducive to contemplation and as an evocation of mythic Paradise. While it is naive to assume that the mere inclusion of gardens in an architectural project makes it more â&#x20AC;&#x153;sustainableâ&#x20AC;?, in this case the context matters. These gardens remind us that the eco-system is a regional, national, and global treasure and that its stewardship is required by all, for the benefit of all. Both projects position the church over an open air crypt, raising a traditionally dark space to the light of day. Above-ground cemeteries are common in this region of the South due to the high water table. What is novel in these proposed projects is the placement of an above-ground cemetery directly underneath the church proper. Placing the house of the living literally atop the house of the dead also functions symbolically as the embodiment of historical continuity in the community of the faithful. It is an expression of the task to prepare in life for a death in relation to Christ. The primary material in both projects inside and out is poured in place concrete. Wood elements and furniture are cypress bleached silver grey. White marble is deployed primarily as fabric-like veneer. A gray and white world is created in contrast to the verdant green surrounds. Finally, actual textiles-fabrics and carpets--complete the interior.
section as above ground crypt
section showing mausoleum as above ground cemetery
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M. Juno Song
country church
city church
country church section The existing landscape is rural and verdant. The immediate garden is cultivated and accessible
city church elevation The artificial garden is framed by the side yard elements.
city church section The artificial garden, though not accessible, is the visual focus of the interior space.
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country church, cecilia, louisiana
The country church takes advantage of the rustic charm of this semi-rural location. The garden walls of the country church are themselves mausoleum walls that enclose publicly accessible gardens. This church reconfigures the existing adjacent elements of watery bayou, cemetery, and mausoleum beyond. Constructed light in the country church begins with the reflecting pool on the south side of the building. It functions to light the church in reflection as for example, when light is reflected from the pool to the ceiling of the crypt. The main body of the church is lit by saw tooth light monitors that move across ceiling and down the south elevation. Congregants would focus on the altar during mass, the cowling of the skylight pushing backwards-after mass when walking out of the church, and back to the world, the sawtooth skylights would frame the surrounds.
section diagram showing: narthex as open communal room, door/window portals, ground level open air crypt
section diagram showing: reflection of natural light off water into crypt
cemetery tombs
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first floor The confessionals are made of recycled cypress bleached silver as are the pews. As in most contemporary confessionals, the penitent has the choice of kneeling behind a screen or sitting face to face with a priest However, traditional confessionals are dark and solemn. They tend to exaggerate the oppressive guilt associated with past actions. The proposed confessionals have large windows or skylights. They are light filled. The intention of using bright light is to subtly shift the emphasis to the immediate future promise of cleansing forgiveness that comes from confession, repentance, and resolve to reform in the sacrament.
confessionals
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congregation balcony
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M. Juno Song
alter
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city church, new orleans, louisiana
The walled gardens of the city church are not publicly accessible. They are designed to create significant views from the church building. The gardens of the city church are made of cypress trees and plants indigenous to the region, recalling a prehistoric tropical condition. A time before language. It is the primary view of the congregation as seen through a vast window over the altar. This constructed garden alludes to the cusp between paradise, paradise lost and wilderness. It is an escape from the busy built up life outside. Light in the city church is filtered through the primary garden. Each axis to the exterior terminates in the protective veil of cypress trees that filter light within the church. Both churches utilize water - in a connection between water catchment, baptismal, and sky. The large and small reflecting pools respectively cap a cistern below, which is used for gray water functions such as watering the garden.
cemetery chapel
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second floor
Small chapels are situated below both churches on level with an above ground crypt and garden. The pews are made of re-cycled cypress wood and bleached silver grey with red mohair cushions. Ladder Back Chairs. A reference to Jacob and a nod to traditional ladderback chairs, the altar chairs are small section bronze with red mohair cushions. Kneelers are also proposed of resilient red mohair with tassels that move from buttonhole. This renders the pillows reversible and lengthens their useful life. Both design proposals deploy geometric and proportional relationships at the scale of furniture, spaces, the overall building and the site plan.
confessionals
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congregation
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alter
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la petite ceinture joint study abroad studio, paris - 2009
La Petite Ceinture is a long narrow abandoned railroad line that runs around the periphery of Paris. A strip of the Petite Ceinture was given to each group of mixed French and American students. Our site is located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris. This long linear section of the Petite Ceinture lies hidden from its context. The site represented a rare untouched piece of land in the dense urban fabric of Paris. We enjoyed this quality of the space so we proposed to preserve this â&#x20AC;&#x153;invisibilityâ&#x20AC;? and manipulate the boundaries of the site to create disorienting, surprising, and playful spaces. Shelters, eating areas, viewing platforms, seating areas, storage spaces, and areas of light and shade can all be formed by manipulating a simple modular system of walls. Wooden beams, representing the limitlessness of the railroad tracks provide a framework that stretch through the site. Individuals can move and interact with the wooden framework to form different conditions of space. To further enforce the idea of invisibility, entrances were hidden and barred. Users would have to search for a point that he or she could cross through. The Petite Ceinture is a place of freedom, a space to get away from the confines of the bustle and hustle of urban life and have some time for oneself. It is a space unknown to most and that is how we envisioned it for future use. Since the site is extremely linear and long, it was divided into zones that would each have a unique manipulation of the base framework. The first zone served as an entrance zone where the manipulation of the beams was one of folding. Beams would fold up from ground planes into ceilings that formed intimate spaces which people could use. The second space created interesting plays with shadows and light by the use of splitting wooden beams both as a wall condition and a ceiling condition. The interaction between French. international, and American students was the most rewarding experience in this studio. We exchanged design and creative process ideas and worked together to reach an inventive solution to this unknown space.
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sequence models
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partial plan
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exploded axonometric basic conceptual basis of wall park
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inversion light water study precursor to velux light competition - spring 2008
As an antecedent to the Velux Aquatic Competition, a short project focusing on water, light, and body was assigned to study the relationships and interesting dialectics that could be created from them. The investigation of how a body of water normally sits on the site, regularly placed dug into the landscape, could be inversed was the initial concept of the design. The ground and sky representing dark and light spaces separated by a horizon line would be flipped. The upper limit, usually characterized by lightness and openness would become solid and heavy, while the lower limit would be represented by water and light refracting through. The horizon line will be further exaggerated by a small slit to create this distinction of solidity and lightness. The sky becomes the ground and the ground becomes the sky. Similar to that of a cave, like the blue grotto in Capri, this concept was used in my proposals of the velux competition to create spaces of privacy, intimacy in areas such as the saunas, and warm pools located underneath the public green.
blue grotto, capri
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sketch process
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physical model
unfolded section
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M. Juno Song
entrance
pool
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smyrna aquatic center velux light competition, smryna, georgia - spring 2008
The site of the Aquatic Center is located within the main community circle of Smryna. This area serves as the focal point for all public activity and community services within Smryna, yet it feels distanced and unused by the general public. Within this context there is a mixture of residential, commercial, and public buildings as well as park space and large sidewalks. These spaces are not connected enough to encourage people to walk and interact from different program to program within the community circle. The design of the Aquatic Center is to intensify the connection of the public realm within the Smryna Community. The building opens itself to the context by creating a public courtyard space adjacent to the entrance. The main portion of the building then serves as a backdrop behind the courtyard to give further importance to the public space. Connection does not only exists between the building and the larger context of the site, but also within the building itself. Connections between wet spaces and dry spaces of the building manifest themselves through the use of light and water. Two green spaces were created, one for public use connected to the main village circle and one for more private use located in the rear for the aquatic center visitors. To further display the public green space, the entrance way was created as a ramp that descends into the earth. This would peak interests to people nearby as well as reveal the green space that lies behind it. Visitors enter into the ground and see the connections of pools, water, and light before ascending again to the ground plane to access the main pool. Under the public green, dark sauna and hot pool rooms were created that were brought about from the light study inversion charrette. These spaces all have slits of light connecting them to the upper water and public green spaces. The main water space also opens up to serve as a viewing spectacle to the activities happening inside. With a reflecting pool separating the green space and interior pool, the structure and skin is reflected exaggerating the main portion of the building even more to create a larger framed backdrop The faรงade of the aquatic center deals with the idea of conceal and reveal as well as directionality. The L shaped faรงade enforces the view inward toward the community green and away from the street. The main idea of the skin was to create varying degrees of views at certain scales. The first iteration dealt with this idea in terms of different sized horizontal slits made into a solid wall. This was dropped in favor of using repeating vertical fins. At the smallest scale it allows people to see straight through, and at the largest scale it reads as a solid wall. The angles at which the skin is viewed also plays with the notion of conceal and reveal. When looking straight on, the skin is surprising transparent, but a slight change in angle will render the skin solid. Distance is also a huge factor in how much of the skin can be seen as transparent.
first sketch perspective
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M. Juno Song
facade study models
short sections
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final model
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mechanicsville mixed use housing joint academic / work studio, atlanta, georgia - 2007
A joint studio with Hedgewood Homes was created to develop a design scheme for a new zoned residential sector in Mechanicsville Atlanta. Different proposals for townhouses, detached homes, and a mixed use housing block would be divided up and designed by students in the studio. The starting point for the design was to reinvent and better the double loaded corridor system, to make it an exterior passage. Re-arranging the formal blocks of the units around the corridor, a layout was planned that would eliminate it on every other floor. The transformation of the apartment unit into a personal house was the key notion in the design. Similar to Charleston houses, garden spaces would be placed between units to create “front yards” for the residents. The garden space not only brought nature in, but also light, air circulation, and allowed for interaction between residents. This front yard served as the access into each individual unit. The personal yards for each unit provide spaces for light and air to penetrate the double loaded corridor within the structure. It turns the corridor into an exterior hallway open to the elements. It also serves to act as spaces of interaction between neighbors of the complex by creating places of gathering. This creates community and relationships and discourages seclusion. The green yard spaces are double height to allow more natural light to enter and give the user the feeling of being in a further open area. The living room space also has the possibility to become double height space allowing the greenery from the personal yards to flow into the dwelling unit. Interaction by view and sound is also possible between the second floor and the personal yards. The concept was created by taking the idea of a standard apartment complex with a double loaded corridor and integrating it with the idea of a home with a front yard. The main elements of both can be noted as sidewalk, yard, entrance, and house or hallway, balcony, entrance, and unit. By transforming the balconies, typically located on the outside of units, to garden yards located between hallway/sidewalk and entrance, it allows the hallway to become more open and expressive. The walls in the yard are slanted to better visually connect yards together as well as allow air and light to penetrate straight through.
le corbusier - unité d’habitation
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M. Juno Song
typical charleston house
massing
corresponding units
circulation / flow
double height
green space
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short section
plan level 2, 4, 6
plan level 1, 3, 5
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M. Juno Song
double loaded corridor
offset privacy / more light
punctured green courts
slanted green ventilation
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tech square dormitories georgia tech, atlanta, georgia - fall 2007
The first architectural design proposal for second year was to develop student housing in Technology Square across interstate 85/75 from the main campus of Georgia Tech. Technology Square serves as an extension of the main campus and provides spaces for the College of Management as well as various retail and corporate offices. Located on a narrow site, the only constraint to the design was to include a firewall on the east side that could not be punctured, transformed, or altered. The concept was one of dematerialization by shifting spaces. This came out of studying the objective and subjective qualities of the site context. This idea was combined with a coordinate system found from surrounding context. Pre-fabricated rooms would displace from the overall structural grid to form a sense of the faรงade disappearing and the structure pushing outward. This would also be used to provide a solution in how light was received against the eastern firewall. The solid firewall on the east side of the building limits the amount of light that can be filtered into the main circulation pathways. To solve this issue, the idea of the displacing units and pathways allowed for spaces where light wells could be located. This not only created light wells to illuminate the hallways, but also allowed the notion of play to happen between all the levels of the dorm. As the dorm rooms step forward five feet every two structural bays, the hallways also mimic this action which allows the light wells to become larger toward the north end of the structure. The south end receives light due to slit in the faรงade over the main entrance as well as an activities room that is open to all residents.
dorm plan
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light study - given condition
firewall + frame
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M. Juno Song
dorm units
dorm units + firewall
light and air sketch studies
complete model
sequential model study
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units are staggered to create light wells that not only introduce daylight, but interaction between floors
structure / units
light wells / halls
light wells charcoal
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M. Juno Song
measured perspective
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M. Juno Song portfolio 2005 - 2012 m.junosong@gmail.com (706) 877 - 6331