Architecture and Building Technology Portfolio by Soujanya K

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY & ARCHITECTURE

/Soujanya Krishnaprasad /+31 6336 18362 /soujanyakrishnaprasad@gmail.com 1

SKILLS Autocad

7 years

Rhino

3 years

Revit

2 years

SketchUp

7 years

Photoshop

5 years

InDesign

5 years

Illustrator

2 years

Grasshopper

2 years

MS Office

4 years

EXPERIENCE & INTERESTS My architectural experience so far includes a 5-year Bachelor’s programme, an internship in Colombo, Sri Lanka, two internships and two years of work as an architect in India and a 2-year Master’s at TU Delft, The Netherlands. I just finished six months as an architect at Ector Hoogstad, Rotterdam. These various experiences have shaped my ability to consider ecological concerns, urban key resource flows and human behaviour in the design of the built environment.

LANGUAGES English Dutch (A1) Hindi, Kannada, Tulu

2020 March to August 6 months 2018 Nov to 2019 June 8 months

2017 Oct to 2018 Oct 1 year

Design & BIM

Ector Hoogstad Architects Rotterdam, NL

SOUJANYA KRISHNAPRASAD +31 63 3618362 soujanyakrishnaprasad@gmail.com 21.12.1992 Current residence: The Netherlands

Master Thesis Circular Water TU Delft, NL

FORMAL EDUCATION

International Competition

Master of Science (Building Technology) Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences 2017 - 2019 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Solar Decathlon Europe TU Delft, NL Holland Scholarship for Master’s programme.

2015 Jul to 2017 Jun 2 years

2015 Jan to Apr 4 months 2014 Jun to Nov 6 months 2013 Jul to Aug 2 months

Architectural Design & Local Water Management

Bachelor of Architecture 2010 - 2015 Bangalore, India

BUILT PROJECTS The Atelier School

980 m2

House for Chidambaram

180 m2

House for Rekha & Vivek

200 m2

House for Ganapathi

150 m2

House for Nageshwara Rao

200 m2

House for Sameer

240 m2

Technical Drawings, Site Supervision

Biome Environmental Bangalore, India

Design, Technical Drawings

3rd place in Design Competition Architecture Live magazine.

Internship

Biome Environmental Bangalore, India

Volunteering Sacred Groves Auroville, India

The Proactis award for Architectural Design third year of Bachelor’s programme.

Internship

C. Anjalendran Colombo, Sri Lanka 2

Indian Bank scholarship for Bachelor’s programme.

Technical Drawings, Site Supervision

Design, Technical Drawings, Site Supervision

Technical Drawings, Site Supervision

Technical Drawings, Site Supervision Complex Toilet Design, Construction & Team Leading

20 m2

VMBO COLLEGE

SANQUIN CAMPUS

SHADE HOUSE

THE ATELIER SCHOOL

Site strategies, massing studies and design visualizations for a school in Schoonhoven, The Netherlands

Urban strategies, visualisations, computational sunlight & daylight simulations for a research organization in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Design, thermal comfort study, construction drawings and site supervision for a climate-responsive house in Tamil Nadu, India

Design, construction drawings and site supervision for a preschool in Bangalore, India

/Professional

/Professional /Built project

ECOLOGICAL CITY HOUSE

CIRCULAR WATER

EARTH INSTITUTE

THE WINDEFIER

Design, construction drawings and site supervision for an eco-conscious city house in Bangalore, India

Research and computational tool development for circular water systems in residential neighbourhoods

Research, design and computational climate strategies for an earth institute at Zaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;atari refugee camp, Jordan

Design and detailed model-making of a shading device for a typical Dutch residential garden

/Professional /Built project

/Academic /Master Thesis

/Academic

This was a competition stage project for the new design of a VMBO school and sports hall for 450 students in Schoonhoven, The Netherlands. The programme consisted of four main profiles of vocational training: - Bouwen wonen interieur (BWI) - Produceren installeren energie (PIE) - Economie en ondernemen (E & O) - Zorg en welzijn (Z & W) The school and sports hall had to be redesigned and constructed, keeping the existing school functional during construction. The design process also included outdoor spaces for private and public use, and a proposed housing in the redevelopment area to be considered. Primary constraints in the design process: -Need for a compact building while placing a large fraction of the programme on the ground floor -Enabling well-lit spaces on the ground floor with a sports hall on a higher floor -Repurposing the existing gym building I worked on this project in a team of four architects. The medium of communication for all drawings was Dutch.

VMBO COLLEGE /professional work /ector hoogstad architects /total floor area: 5,400 m2 /site & massing study /design visualization /schoonhoven, NL /april to june, 2020

(+) Bestaande (+) De Vlist en bomen rond de polders kanaal nabij de site

30 m afstand tussen ontwikkelvlak en huizen

Sporthal: gesloopt worden

1. Massa optie 4-lagen

2. Massa optie 3-lagen

3. Massa optie: Aula als een opvallende massa

4. Massa optie: Verkenning van dakvormen

5. Massa optie: Ooghoogte onderzoek

6. Massa optie: Ooghoogte onderzoek

VMBO College: Bestaande behoud tijdens Gymzaal: sloop gebouw (geen tijdelijke behouden huisvesting)

Stedenbouwkundige uitgangspunten (urban planning conditions) 5

Nieuwe schoolgebouw (5400 m2)

Aula met uitzicht op polder

Bestaande gymzaal (377 m2)

Toekoemstige woningen

Openbaar speelveld (1600 m2)

6 Trapveld 7

Entree sporthal (2e verdieping)

Entree school

Fietsenstalling (475 plekken)

Parkeerplaatsen (40 plekken)

Verblijsfruimte (600 m2)

Buitenlesruimten (120 m2)

12 1 6

8 7

11 3

Voorgestelde site plan

interior visualisation (redo from start)

Interieur visie van de belangrijkste werkruimten op de begane grond 7

Our office is working on urban design proposals for the Sanquin Campus, New West Health and Innovation District, Amsterdam. The goal of the project is to redevelop the existing site and buildings into a campus with a humane campus ambience and clear logitics routes. Three broad concepts - Aap, Noot and Mies - were proposed at first and Mies was developed further into a with-deck (Mies) and without-deck (Siem) option. The main advantage of the Mies idea is the retention of existing logistics routes which would prevent the need to relocate points of storage of alcohol, nitrogen, gas and diesel. The deck is imagined as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;ground planeâ&#x20AC;? at the first floor level as a connector between various buildings with or without connections to the ground. The Siem option separates the movement of people and logistics at the ground level by moving most of the latter to the periphery of the campus and leaving the campus interior for social functions. I worked on this project in a team of three architects. My main tasks were creating visualisations of the Mies and Siem options using Revit and Photoshop and scripting on Grasshopper to simulate sunlight and daylight studies.

SANQUIN CAMPUS /professional work /ector hoogstad architects /total floor area: 101,235 m2 /sunlight studies, daylight studies /urban design visualisation /amsterdam, NL /july & august, 2020

H D

C G

E F

ZK V

R I Y

Gebouwen om te behouden Gebouwen om te behouden/slopen Gebouwen om te slopen

Sloop of behoud van bestaande gebouwen

Optie Mies (dek in rood)

Optie Siem (zonder dek)

D G S

D G S 3.95m

3.50m

S A

Bestaande campus

Behoud van technische installaties: Mies met dek 9

Verplaatsing van enkele technische installaties: Siem

Inputs used in the simulation: 1. Location of weather data: Schiphol airport. 2. Test surface: +0.8 m from BG floor level. 3. Grid size: 1m x 1m 4. Sky type: Uniform sky 5. Test masses: BG of proposed buildings. Floor height: 5m. 6. Window parameters: 40% glazing on S, W, E. 70% glazing on N. Sill height: 1m. Window height: 2.5m. RGB transmittance of glass: 0.75.

Grasshopper script for daylight study; sunlight hours study (above).

Laboratories floor

Office floor

23.4 7.2

9.0

Mix offices and laboratories

23.4 7.2

7.2

9.0

23.4 7.2

9.0

5.4

9.0

1. Small scale building volumes & priority for high quality public space

Optimal size laboratories floor

Sunlight hours study: June 21; September 23; December 22.

Mix offices and laboratories

21.6 7.2

7.2

Mix offices and laboratories

18.0/ 19.8/ 21.6 21.6

7.2

7.2 3.6/ 5.4/ 7.2 7.2 7.2

7.2

Park 21.6

7.2

Logistiek

Tuinen

7.2

Park L

Tuinen

2. Green west edge along canal and campus envisioned as park

Laboratories floor with minimal core zone

Optimal office floor

Mix offices and laboratories 3. New building programme organised for maximum accessibility and functionality

Daylight factor study; overlay of DF analysis with an optimal office floor plan. 11

This built project is a house for five residents - Chidambaram, his wife, his mother and their two daughters. The house was envisioned as two volumes connected by a passage through an open courtyard. Many design decisions were made in response to the hot and dry climate of Dharmapuri in Southern India. I was involved in the project until the construction of the foundation. In response to the hot and dry climate of Dharmapuri, the home looks inwards; all spaces open into the indoor courtyard which is naturally lit throughout the day. Direct sunlight is used, rather than blocked entirely, to create changing patterns through ‘jaali’ clay blocks. A cavity wall is used on the East for insulation while the West is already shaded by the neighbour’s two-storey house. Mud ‘phuska’, a traditional roofing method, is laid on top of the concrete roof slabs for insulation.

SHADE HOUSE /professional work /biome environmental solutions /total floor area: 180 m2 /design, working drawings /thermal comfort analysis /dharmapuri, india /sept 2018 to nov 2018

OHT FFL GF FFL +28'-11.5"

TERRACE FFL GF FFL +21'-8"

TERRACE WATERPROOFING FFL GF FFL +21'-0"

FF LINTEL BOTTOM GF FFL +17'-6"

1. Thermal insulation: Mud ‘phuska’ roof with clay pots and soil

FF FFL GF FFL +10'-6"

GF LINTEL BOTTOM GF FFL +7'-0"

GF FFL +/-0'-0"

GROUND LEVEL GF FFL -2'-4"

Section through courtyard

4 1

2. Garden: Outdoor space within the house

1 Master bedroom 2 Shower and toilet 2

3 Balcony 4 Daughters’ bedroom 5 Family room

Plan: First floor

6 Terrace 7 Living room 3.Thermal buffer: Toilets and shaded spaces on the West

8 Courtyard 9 Kitchen 10 Study

10 11

11 Grandmother’s room

0 Plan: Ground floor

4. Thermal insulation: Cavity wall on West facade 13

Grasshopper script for assessing thermal comfort using passive measures

Option A: Garden on first floor

Option B: Garden on ground floor

Section

First floor

Ground floor: Comfortable hours and spatial temperature deviations 15

The Atelier School offers learning programmes for children from 2 to 6 years of age. Three factors played a major role in the design: 1. The Reggio-Emilia teaching approach. 2. Site context of construction and industrial activities. 3. Creating a building that can be dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere. Learning by exploration is encouraged through walls of changing heights allowing playful visibility across classrooms. Learning under trees which is a common rural practice in the country, a practice that is abstracted into a structural system of “branches” that start at 6’-6” from the floor. The school has been designed and built to allow material recovery and recycling, or for its reconstruction elsewhere. I was involved in meetings with the clients, structural engineer and contractor throughout the project. I was responsible for all working drawings, made under the supervision of a senior architect. I was in direct contact with the contractor for the execution of many stages of the project. I was also responsible for checking the final bill with the contractor and quantity surveyors in the office. https://www.archdaily.com/795183/theatelier-biome-environmental-solutions

THE ATELIER SCHOOL /professional work /biome environmental solutions /total floor area: 980 m2 /design, working drawings & site supervision /bangalore, india /january to july, 2016

14 15

1 7

Entrance

Reception

Piazza

Childhood stimulation centre

Play area

Toilets

Pantry

Studio

Executive office

10 Classroom 11 Public cafe

12 Outdoor seating 13 Outdoor play area 14 Fish pond 15 Play area

13 A

South Elevation 0

Section AA 0 18

15'-4" 100mm x 50mm MS BOX SECTION BEAM

10'-812"

5MM GLASS

MS BOX SECTION 1'-11"

1'-11"

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

3'-2"

5MM GLASS

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

3'-2"

3'-0"

5MM PLAIN FLOAT GLASS

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

1'-11"

1'-10"

1'-11" 3'-0"

125X125X6 MS BOX SECTION COLUMN

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

5MM GLASS

PINEWOOD PLANKS

QQ’

3'-0"

WINDOW

1'-0" 1'-0"

PERFORATED SHEET

2'-1"

SMB WALL

2'-1"

GLASS LOUVERS

PP’

INSIDE

COPING SMB WALL PLINTH BEAM

2'-0"

PLINTH BEAM

CHAPPADI STONE

SS’

INSIDE

PLINTH BEAM

2'-0"

7'-0"

RR’

INSIDE

7'-0"

9'-0"

2'-0"

GLASS LOUVERS

PINEWOOD PLANKS

SMB WALL

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

2'-1"

GLASS LOUVERS

2'-0"

SMB WALL

COPING

2'-0"

SMB MASONRY WALL

PERFORATED SHEET

PINEWOOD PLANKS

2'-0"

COPING

1'-0"

ALUMINIUM SLIDING WINDOW

1'-0"

PERFORATED METAL SHEET

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

5MM GLASS

3'-0"

8" 1'-3"

ALUMINIUM SLIDING WINDOW

3'-0"

8" X 8" GLASS

1'-3"

MS BOX SECTION

1'-0"

1'-2"

5" 8" 8"

MS BOX SECTION 5MM GLASS

4" PINE WOOD PLANKS

1'-3"

3'-0"

1'-112"

GLASS LOUVERS

1'-0" 1'-0"

5MM PLAIN FLOAT GLASS

GLASS LOUVERS 1'-8"

1'-8"

100mm x 50mm MS BOX SECTION BEAM

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

2'-0"

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

2'-0"

2 NOS. 1"X1.5" MS Z-SECTION VERTICAL FRAME

GLASS LOUVERS

3'-2"

PINEWOOD PLANKS

3'-2"

PINEWOOD PLANKS

3'-2"

PINEWOOD PLANKS

3'-2"

3'-0"

1" MS FLAT

3'-0"

2 NOS. 1"X1.5" MS Z-SECTION HORIZONTAL FRAME

7'-0"

17'-812" PLINTH BEAM TOP TO RAFTER BOTTOM

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED METAL SHEET

3'-2"

1'-11"

3'-2"

1'-11"

3'-0"

TT’

INSIDE

PLINTH BEAM

CHAPPADI STONE

UU’

INSIDE

CHAPPADI STONE

INSIDE

PINEWOOD STEPS FIXED TO LOWER DECK TOP OF UPPER DECK RAILING

TOP OF UPPER DECK RAILING

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

FFL OF UPPER DECK

FFL OF LOWER DECK

5' GROUND LEVEL

4" PINEWOOD PLANKS FIXED TO FLATS AND BOX SECTION BEAMS

GROUND LEVEL

2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTIONS & FLATS

MS ROUND COLUMNS

MS BOX SECTION BEAMS

FFL OF LOWER DECK

MS ROUND COLUMNS

4" PINEWOOD PLANKS FIXED TO FLATS AND BOX SECTION BEAMS

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

FFL OF UPPER DECK

MS BOX SECTION BEAMS

READYMADE SLIDE TO BE FIXED TO DECK

MS AND PINEWOOD RAILING

2" MS FLATS

2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTIONS & FLATS

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM MS AND PINEWOOD RAILING

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

UPPER DECK

READYMADE SLIDE TO BE FIXED TO DECK

12'

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

X 4

1" 9" 102

6" 1'-6"

2'-6"

1'-6"

1' 2'-6"

1' 2'

2'-6"

1'-6"

2'-6"

5 2" MS FLATS WELDED TO VERTICAL BOX SECTION

4" PINEWOOD STRIPS FIXED TO MS FLATS 2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTION BEAM

3 2

2'-6"

6" 2'

1' 2'-6"

1' 2'

E 1'-1"

B 6"

4'-

6'-4"

4" PINEWOOD STRIPS FIXED TO MS FLATS 2" MS FLATS WELDED TO VERTICAL BOX SECTION

F G

1" 9" 102

CENTRE OF DECK

R=5'-6"

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

6'-2"

C 3'-1"

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

4 3 2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

B 3'-1"

2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTION/FLAT

REFER TO FIXING DETAIL

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

1'-10"

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

Play deck details; Wall sections & elevation (top)

1" 3'-102

1'-9"

6" 2'-6"

1'-6"

1' 2'-6"

1'-6"

1'-

3'-1 1 2"

1" 3'-102

4'B

11'-6"

1" 3'-102

11'

1" 1'-72

8'-2"

7'-1" 1" 1'-92

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

1" 1'-6" 1'-32

LOWER DECK

1'-10"

A B

MS AND PINEWOOD RAILING

3'-3"

4'-1"

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

CUT-OUT FOR TREE

1" 3'-42

2" MS FLATS 2'

PINEWOOD STEPS TREAD = 6" RISER = 12"

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

1" 1'-92

CENTRE OF DECK

1" 3'-62

1" 62

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

1'-9"

" 1'-6

PINEWOOD STEPS FIXED TO LOWER DECK

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

This project is a house for six residents: Sameer, Neeru, their two children and Sameerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parents. The entire Western edge of the house, which gets the most heat in summer, consists of non-living spaces such as toilets, storage and the staircase which act as thermal buffers for the rest of the house. A stone wall runs from North to South as a defining architectural element. The most awe-inspiring part of the design is perhaps the internal atrium with a garden and skylight. Wire-cut fired bricks were used in combination with compressed stabilized earth blocks on the request of the client. The house includes a rainwater harvesting system with a groundwater recharge well. Greywater from the house is treated using reed-beds on the rooftop and re-used for toilet flushing and gardening. This was one of my first projects as a junior architect. I was in charge of all working drawings - centreline, foundation, superstructure, doors and windows, electrical, plumbing, flooring and metal fabrication - checked by a senior architect. I was in direct contact with the contractor and client for some parts of the project.

ECOLOGICAL CITY HOUSE /professional work /biome environmental solutions /total floor area: 240 m2 /design, working drawings, site supervision /bangalore, india /january 2015 to dec 2016

16 11

10 6

12 13 8

BASEMENT

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

MEZZANINE & TERRACE

Family gym

Living room

12 Family room

Mezzanine

Garden

Dining

13 Terrace

Terrace

Rainwater recharge well

Kitchen

14 Children’s bedroom

Greywater treatment

Entrance

Courtyard

15 Master bedroom

Parents’ bedroom

16 Toilet

10 Toilet 11 Laundry & dishwashing

0 23

35 34 33 32 3' x 3' RCC SLAB CANTILEVERED FROM WALL

MS PLATE

30 29

MS C-SECTION STRINGER

28 27

2" THICK SOLID TEAKWOOD TREAD

OHT TOP LVL GR LVL +34'-1"

MS PLATES

MS C-SECTION STRINGER

23 22

10'-5"

FOLDED MS PLATE WELDED TO STRINGER

21 20

T=10.5" R=7" 19

MS PLATE

3'-6"

TERRACE LVL GR LVL +23'-8"

10'-6"

FF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +20'-2"

3 4"

TEAKWOOD PANEL

10mmØ MS BRIGHT RODS WELDED TO BOX SECTIONS

2'-

3'-6"

91 2"

FF LVL GR LVL +13'-2"

10'-6"

51 2" 51 2" 51 2" 51 2"

GF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +9'-8"

3 4"

2.5"X2.5" TEAKWOOD HANDRAIL FIXED TO MS FLAT

TEAKWOOD PANEL

1.5" MS FLAT WELDED TO BOX SECTIONS

LWR GF LVL GR LVL +1'-2"

1"x2" MS BOX SECTIONS WELDED TO TREAD PLATES AND STRINGER

1'-6" 1'-2"

GF LVL GR LVL +2'-8"

00 GROUND LVL

TEAKWOOD PANEL

1" 2'-102

3 4"

10'-5"

OHT TOP LVL GR LVL +34'-1"

3'-4" 3'

TERRACE LVL GR LVL +23'-8"

10'-6" 7'

MS C-SECTION STRINGER

MS PLATE

1"X2" MS BOX SECTION WELDED TO STRINGER AND TREAD PLATE

3' x 3' RCC SLAB CANTILEVERED FROM WALL

3'-6"

FOLDED MS PLATE WELDED TO STRINGER

MS PLATES

MS PLATE FF LVL GR LVL +13'-2"

1" 22

3'-6"

X FF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +20'-2"

GF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +9'-8"

10'-6"

1"X2" MS BOX SECTIONS FIXED TO LANDING SLAB

10'-6"

00 GROUND LVL

7'-10"

1'-6" 1'-2"

GF LVL GR LVL +2'-8" LWR GF LVL GR LVL +1'-2"

BF LVL GR LVL -7'-10"

1" 2'-11" 102 3'-9"

Section AA; East elevation (top); Staircase details (right) 26

3 4"

TEAKWOOD PANEL

10mmØ MS BRIGHT RODS WELDED TO BOX SECTIONS

3 4"

TEAKWOOD PANEL

1"X2" MS BOX SECTION WELDED TO STRINGER AND TREAD PLATE

3'-4" T=10.5" R=7"

1" 21" 52 2

1.5" KADAPA STONE CHAMBER COVER

FGL= -2-0"

3" 5"

3"Ø PVC GREYWATER PIPE WITH T-JOINT

10"

2'-0"

4.5" THICK BRICK WALL

1.5" THICK KADAPA STONE BAFFLE WALLS FLASHING PCC BED

SECTION BB'

1.5" KADAPA STONE CHAMBER COVER FGL= -2-0"

1.5" THICK KADAPA STONE BAFFLE WALLS

10"

3" 5" 10"

2'-0" 6"

3"Ø PVC GREYWATER PIPE WITH T-JOINT

10"

4.5" THICK BRICK WALL

3"Ø PVC BLACK WATER OVERFLOW PIPE

PUMP

FLASHING PCC BED SECTION AA'

OVERFLOW TO BLACKWATER CHAMBER

INLET FROM GREYWATER CHAMBER

1'-6"

3"Ø PVC GREYWATER PIPE

INLET FROM GREYWATER CHAMBER

1'-221"

2'-3"

4.5" THICK BRICK WALL 1.5" THICK KADAPA STONE BAFFLE WALLS

521"

1'-0"

1'-6"

GREYWATER COLLECTION TANK PLAN AT TOP

PUMP

1'-0" 1'-221"

2'-3"

521"

GREYWATER COLLECTION TANK PLAN AT BOTTOM

3'-1"

4.5" BRICK MASONRY

5'-521"

1'-3"

125MMØ PEFORATED OUTLET PIPE

FIRST RAIN SEPARATOR

2'-0"

125MMØ INLET PIPE FROM TERRACE

NETLON MESH AROUND PIPE

PLAN

100MMØ PVC PIPE WITH GATE VALVE

125MMØ INLET PIPE FROM TERRACE 1.5" THICK KADAPA SLAB

125MMØ OVERFLOW TO SUMP

Implemented strategies for rainwater, greywater & blackwater; Details of greywater tank and rainwater filter (right) 27

125MMØ PIPE FROM FILTER TO SUMP

FILTER MEDIA WASHED SAND 125MMØ PERFORATED PIPE WITH NETLON MESH AROUND

FIRST RAIN SEPARATOR

1'-4"

FILTER MEDIA CHARCOAL FILTER MEDIA 20MM AGGREGATES

SECTION AA

100MMØ PVC PIPE WITH GATE VALVE

The objective of this thesis is to create a design approach for incorporating circular resource flow in urban neighbourhoods, keeping in consideration the involvement of residents in the resource network. The thesis process, conducted through literature research, case studies and interviews, is applied to a design tool meant for architects, planners or designers to calculate potential water-related resource flows in the neighbourhood. How can a circular water system including pro-environmental behaviour among users effect long-term environmental benefits?

The big-picture problem: resource flows and consumerist consumption in typical urban networks.

1. How can circularity be defined for water systems in varying contexts of climate and water availability? 2. How does the experience of water infrastructure by users influence their resource consumption habits? 3. What environmental benefits can a circular water system provide and how can these be measured? Three main goals are defined: to reduce drinking water demand, increase the acceptance of greywater reuse and increase the acceptance of non-flush toilets.

CIRCULAR WATER

Identification of technological and sociological factors in water use at neighbourhood and household scales.

Water circularity & pro-environmental behaviour for urban neighbourhoods /master thesis, TU Delft /research, tool development, data collection /The Netherlands /nov 2018 to june 2019

Environmental concerns resulting from centralised water practices.

Facilitating conditions

29% reduction in water demand Nutrientrecovery through alternative toiletuse

Attitude (?)

Intention 1. Nutrient source-separation as a double-bonus strategy. J

A M J J A S O N D 36 96 68 98 116 182 150 56 16 831 mm Excess rain Insufficient rain F

Social Factors (?)

Current Behaviour

Affect (?)

Habits Cumulative demand

Maximum deficit = maximum storage needed

4. Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour to design the built environment to enable specific practices in resource consumption.

Q9. Would you be willing to use a composting toilet on a daily basis?

Cumulative harvested rainwater

A. No, I like the comfort of a flush toilet B. Yes, I can use a composting toilet if it does not smell too much C. I am not sure

2. Rainwater as local water source; storage requirement based on monthly rainwater data at site.

2.5 Group: Food & drink

4.8 Group: Washing dishes 59.6 Group: Shower

16.6 Group: Washing clothes

5. Behaviour analyses by questions and discussion.

Impact of behaviour-change strategy Farming 34.6 Group: Toilet flushing

Uncertain

Ecosystem sustenance

Certain Feedback

3. Fit-for-purpose treatment of water supplied and waste-water generated; (Numbers are quantities (litres) of typical Dutch per capita daily water demand).

Steering

6. Design for behaviour change by three strategy steps. 29

Persuasion

Activity

(litres/day)

Food preparation Drinking, coffee tea and water Shower Other water Bath Washbasin Washing dishes by hand Washing dishes by machine Washing clothes by hand Washing clothes by machine Toilet Flush Discharge Farm or garden

___ ___ Calculated by tool ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool

(litres/day) Select water source Same as above Select water source Same as above Same as above Same as above Select water source Same as above Select water source Same as above Select water source Treated greywater Treated greywater

Per capita input

Farm? Y

0 0 Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool

Greywater Greywater Greywater Greywater Blackwater Blackwater Greywater Greywater Blackwater -

No. of residents

No. of households

Per capita output

Person:

Neighbourhood:

Drinking water

litres/day

m3/day

Treated rainwater

litres/day

m3/day

Treated greywater

litres/day

m3/day

Water discharged:

Person:

Neighbourhood:

Greywater

litres/day

m3/day

Blackwater

litres/day

m3/day

Urine-diverting composting toilet

Urine-diverting vacuum toilet Vacuum toilet

Biomassenergy set-up Y

Avg. household size

Water supplied:

Urine-diverting composting toilet Urine-diverting vacuum toilet

Select from 3 to 10 times a week

Showering frequency

Select from 2 to 20 minutes

Showering time

Select from 4 to 9 litres/minute

Showerhead performance

Vacuum toilet Urine-diverting composting toilet

Struvite precipitator? Y

Direct-use / sell urine?

Urine-diverting vacuum toilet Vacuum toilet Y

Urine-diverting composting toilet Urine-diverting vacuum toilet

DESIGN TOOL: FLOW OF INFORMATION

Vacuum toilet

Urine potential Biomass potential Reduced water for toilet flush

Reduced per capita shower water demand

Trial & error to reduce shower water demand to less than half the typical Dutch value

Monthly rainfall at site location

Water demand met by rainwater

Annual rainfall at site location

Rooftop area of each house

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Select run-off coefficient

Total rainwater = catchment area

Rooftop area of each house + 60% of rooftop area as street area

Average daily harvestable rainwater

Compare

Per capita daily rainwater demand

Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater

Treated greywater demand

Select pollution level of rooftop Compare First-flush diversion volume

Greywater available for potential reuse

Cleanest purpose of rainwater Treatment steps

Activity

(litres/day)

___ ___ Calculated by tool ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool

Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater

Rainwater storage volume in neighbourhood

Alternative: Rainwater storage volume per household

Greywater Greywater Greywater Greywater Blackwater Blackwater Greywater Greywater Blackwater -

Cleanest purpose of greywater

Treatment steps

DESIGN TOOL: FLOW OF INFORMATION 31

Case 01 (existing) Culemborg, The Netherlands

2. Average household size 2.4

Case 02 (circular alternative) Culemborg, The Netherlands

2. Average household size 2.4

K-G climate zone Temperate Oceanic

3. No. of households/blocks 300

K-G climate zone Temperate Oceanic

3. No. of households/blocks 300

1. Site population density 1,565 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 45 m2

1. Site population density 1,565 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 45 m2

Per capita water demand (default) 119.3 l/day

Demand reduction: 54% Catchment area for rainwater nil for local use

Demand met by Rainwater: nil Greywater: nil

(--)

6. Nutrient-return potential (1)

(--)

7. Nutrient-return potential (2)

Demand met by Rainwater: 100% Greywater: nil

Catchment area for rainwater 1.6 x Rooftops

(--)

8. Nutrient-return potential (3)

9. Toilet in use Flush toilet

6. Access to local farmland

7. Space for anaerobic reactor (UASB)

14. Avg. daily GW flow 58 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Discharge

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW nil 11. Storage volume nil 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) Planting

13. Treatment method (--)

16a. Space-intensive method Constructed Wetland + Disinfection

8. Storage and directuse of household urine

9. Suitable toilet Urine-diverting vacuum toilet

14. Avg. daily GW flow 33 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Farming

16b. Space-efficient method (--)

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW 58.8 l/day 11. Storage volume 348 m3 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) Food preparation

13. Treatment method Rapid sand filter + Disinfection

16a. Space-intensive treatment method Mulch-pit

16b. Space-efficient method Slow sand filter

Case 03 Bangalore, India

2. Average household size 4.9

Case 04 Windhoek, Namibia

2. Average household size 4.7

K-G climate zone Tropical Wet and Dry

3. No. of households/blocks 2

K-G climate zone Semi-Arid Desert

3. No. of households/blocks 300

1. Site population density 447,080 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 1028 m2

1. Site population density 3,065 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 45 m2

Demand reduction: 53%

Demand met by Rainwater: nil Greywater: 44%

(--)

6. Access to local farmland

Demand met by Rainwater: 24% Greywater: 76%

Catchment area for rainwater 1.6 x Rooftops

(--)

7. Space for anaerobic reactor (UASB)

Catchment area for rainwater 1.6 x Rooftops

(--)

8. Storage and direct9. Suitable toilet use of household urine Vacuum toilet

6. Access to local farmland

7. Space for anaerobic reactor (UASB)

14. Avg. daily GW flow 91 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Washing dishes

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW 3.3 l/day 11. Storage volume (--) 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) (--)

13. Treatment method (--)

16a. Space-intensive treatment method Constructed Wetland + Disinfection

8. Storage and directuse of household urine

9. Suitable toilet Urine-diverting composting toilet

14. Avg. daily GW flow 91 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Shower

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW 15.1 l/day 11. Storage volume 2,346 m3 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) Food preparation

16b. Space-efficient method Living machine 33

(--)

13. Treatment method Rapid sand filter + Disinfection

10A. Space-intensive method (--)

10B. Space-efficient method Membrane bioreactor

Constructed wetland - Polderdrift, Arnhem

Rainwater pond - EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg

Struvite precipitator - Waterschoon, Sneek

Resident - Polderdrift, Arnhem

Questionnaire data

Urban farm - EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg

Struvite sample - Sneek,NL

Urine-diverting toilet - Sneek

Resident - Polderdrift, Arnhem

Resident - EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg

EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg - Circular Alternative 35

Despite all the infrastructural and resource challenges, forcibly displaced people will continue to struggle in order to restore their daily habits and culture. This energy and cultural richness continues to raise questions. Is this place a camp or a city? Are we dealing with refugees or citizens? The proposal aims to empower the people of Za’atari with an Earth Institute to teach them how to build with earth and rethink the use and management of the local resources. In the long term the project generates a place of work, a sense of settlement and will gradually reduce the infrastructural problems of Za’atari City. Computational logic was used to organise functions of the institute. Structural elements suitable for building with earth were designed based on spatial requirements of these functions, while also considering local climate and practicality of construction.

EARTH INSTITUTE /academic (master) /total floor area: 1264 m2 /design, computation /model-making /za’atari camp, jordan /sept 2018 to nov 2018

Admin

Lobby Exposition Entrance Classrooms Lvl : -2mts

Library

A Tents

Tents

Stitching

Dining

Stitching

Lvl : -2mts Cloak Rooms

Prototyping

Kitchen & Storage Moulding & Drying Adobe

Mixing pits Soil

Filling Adobe

Soil Adobe

Adobe

Other Soil

Empty PET Bottles

Filled PET Bottles

0 37

The Windefier was the proposal of our group of four students for a shading device that is designed for the typical Dutch patio, come rain, sun or wind. The design process involved imparting stiffness to paper in certain directions and translating the resulting form into a practical shading device. 1. One fabric, folded in a pattern to open and close in two directions. 2. Two arms on opposite sides of the fabric. 3. Three polygons making up one arm. 4. Four straight members forming one polygon with four pivot joints. The shade-creating part of the device is an operable space-frame made of joints (3D printed in the scaled-down model) and straight members. Each of the two movable arms consists of three parts, each with 2 identical polygons placed parallel with a roller at the pivot joints. Tension in the ropes would hold the shading device open in horizontal position. I was mainly involved in the design trial models and model-making of the final design at two scales. We made the 1:1 part model in a workshop over a two-week building period. I was responsible for some of the final drawings and compilation of the entire final report of drawings and building process.

THE WINDEFIER /academic (master) /shaded area: 50 m2 /design, prototyping /model-making /TU Delft /sept 2017 to dec 2017

FRAME & FABRIC: THE SHADE A1.1-7 Joints A2. Frame Members A3. Fabric A4. Clips

B A

ARMS: THE STRUCTURE B1.1-3 Arms B2. Pivot Joint B2.1-8 Parts of the joint B3 Top Joint

ROLLER SYSTEM: THE MECHANISM C1 Vertical roller C2 Horizontal roller C3 Steel plate C4 Steel cable 1 C5 Steel cable 2 B2.8

B2.8 B2.7 B2.7 B2.1

B2.4

B2.2 B2.3 B2.1 B2.2

B2.5 B2.6

B2.3 B2.5

B2.1

Outer arm

B2.2

Inner arm

B2.3

Connecting plate

B2.4

Roller provision

B2.5

Bolt a

B2.6

Bolt b

B2.7

Frame joint a1.4

B2.8

Frame member

B1.1

B1.2

B1.3

B1.1-3 Arms B2.

Pivot Joint

B2.1-8

Parts of the joint

Top Joint

B2.1

Outer arm

B2.2

Inner arm

B2.3

Connecting plate

B2.4

Roller provision

B2.5

Bolt A

B2.6

Bolt B

B2.7

Frame joint A1.4

B2.8

Frame member

B2.2 B2.2 B2.3

B2.3 B2.4

B2.1

B2.4

B2.6

B2.5

B2.6

B2.2

B2.5

B2.2

B2.5 B2.3

B2.1

B2.5

B2.1

B2.3

/Soujanya Krishnaprasad /+31 6336 18362 /soujanyakrishnaprasad@gmail.com