Architecture Portfolio by Soujanya K

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO

/Soujanya Krishnaprasad /+31 6336 18362 /soujanyakrishnaprasad@gmail.com

SOFTWARE SKILLS Photoshop

5 years

InDesign

5 years

Illustrator

2 years

Autocad

7 years

Rhino

3 years

SketchUp

7 years

Grasshopper

6 months

Revit

1 year

MS Office

4 years

RECENT READINGS The Human Zoo Desmond Morris

2020 March to present 4 months 2018 Nov to 2019 June 8 months

2017 Oct to 2018 Oct 1 year

Architectural Design

Ector Hoogstad Architects Rotterdam, NL

SOUJANYA KRISHNAPRASAD +31 63 3618362 soujanyakrishnaprasad@gmail.com 21.12.1992 Current residence: Rotterdam, NL

Master Thesis Circular Water TU Delft, NL

FORMAL EDUCATION

International Competition

Master of Science Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences (Building Technology) 2017 - 2019 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Solar Decathlon Europe TU Delft, NL Holland Scholarship for Master’s programme.

2015 Jul to 2017 Jun 2 years

Architectural Design & Construction

LANGUAGES English Dutch (A1) Hindi, Kannada, Tulu

The Atelier School

980 m2

House for Chidambaram

180 m2

House for Rekha & Vivek

200 m2

House for Ganapathi

150 m2

House for Nageshwara Rao

200 m2

House for Sameer

240 m2

Design, Working Drawings Design, Working Drawings, Site Supervision

Guns, Germs & Steel Jared Diamond

V for Vendetta (Graphic novel) Moore & Lloyd

ARCHITECTURAL BUILT PROJECTS Design, Working Drawings, Site Supervision

Biome Environmental Bangalore, India

Under Pressure: Water & the City Van Timmeren & Henriquez

Maus (Graphic novel) Art Spiegelman

Bachelor of Architecture 2010 - 2015 Bangalore, India

2015 Jan to Apr 4 months 2014 Jun to Nov 6 months 2013 Jul to Aug 2 months

3rd place in Design Competition Architecture Live magazine.

Internship

Biome Environmental Bangalore, India

Design, Working Drawings, Site Supervision Working Drawings, Site Supervision Working Drawings, Site Supervision

Volunteering Sacred Groves Auroville, India

The Proactis award for Architectural Design third year of Bachelor’s programme.

Internship

C. Anjalendran Colombo, Sri Lanka 2

Indian Bank scholarship for Bachelor’s programme.

Complex Toilet Design, Construction & Team Leading

OTHER PROJECTS Illustrations (Hand-drawn and digitally edited) Solar Urban research programme, TU Delft Infographics (Digital) World Resources Institute office, India

20 m2

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

CIRCULARITY

CONSTRUCTION MODEL-MAKING

THE ATELIER SCHOOL 02

ECOLOGICAL CITY HOUSE 03

THE MOR CONCEPT 04

CIRCULAR WATER 05

THE WINDEFIER 3

RESEARCH

The Atelier School offers learning programmes for children from 2 to 6 years of age. Three factors played a major role in the design: 1. The Reggio-Emilia teaching approach. 2. Site context of construction and industrial activities. 3. Creating a building that can be dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere. Learning by exploration is encouraged through walls of changing heights allowing playful visibility across classrooms. Learning under trees which is a common rural practice in the country, a practice that is abstracted into a structural system of “branches” that start at 6’-6” from the floor. The school has been designed and built to allow material recovery and recycling, or for its reconstruction elsewhere. I was involved in meetings with the clients, structural engineer and contractor throughout the project. I was responsible for all working drawings, made under the supervision of a senior architect. I was in direct contact with the contractor for the execution of many stages of the project. I was also responsible for checking the final bill with the contractor and quantity surveyors in the office. https://www.archdaily.com/795183/theatelier-biome-environmental-solutions

THE ATELIER SCHOOL /professional work /biome environmental solutions /total floor area: 980 m2 /design, working drawings & site supervision /bangalore, india /january to july, 2016

14 15

1 7

Entrance

Reception

Piazza

Childhood stimulation centre

Play area

Toilets

Pantry

Studio

Executive office

10 Classroom 11 Public cafe

12 Outdoor seating 13 Outdoor play area 14 Fish pond 15 Play area

13 A

South Elevation 0

Section AA 0 6

15'-4" 100mm x 50mm MS BOX SECTION BEAM

10'-812"

5MM GLASS

MS BOX SECTION 1'-11"

1'-11"

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

3'-2"

5MM GLASS

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

3'-2"

3'-0"

5MM PLAIN FLOAT GLASS

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

1'-11"

1'-10"

1'-11" 3'-0"

125X125X6 MS BOX SECTION COLUMN

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED SHEET

5MM GLASS

PINEWOOD PLANKS

QQ’

3'-0"

WINDOW

1'-0" 1'-0"

PERFORATED SHEET

2'-1"

SMB WALL

2'-1"

GLASS LOUVERS

PP’

INSIDE

COPING SMB WALL PLINTH BEAM

2'-0"

PLINTH BEAM

CHAPPADI STONE

SS’

INSIDE

PLINTH BEAM

2'-0"

7'-0"

RR’

INSIDE

7'-0"

9'-0"

2'-0"

GLASS LOUVERS

PINEWOOD PLANKS

SMB WALL

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

2'-1"

GLASS LOUVERS

2'-0"

SMB WALL

COPING

2'-0"

SMB MASONRY WALL

PERFORATED SHEET

PINEWOOD PLANKS

2'-0"

COPING

1'-0"

ALUMINIUM SLIDING WINDOW

1'-0"

PERFORATED METAL SHEET

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

5MM GLASS

3'-0"

8" 1'-3"

ALUMINIUM SLIDING WINDOW

3'-0"

8" X 8" GLASS

1'-3"

MS BOX SECTION

1'-0"

1'-2"

5" 8" 8"

MS BOX SECTION 5MM GLASS

4" PINE WOOD PLANKS

1'-3"

3'-0"

1'-112"

GLASS LOUVERS

1'-0" 1'-0"

5MM PLAIN FLOAT GLASS

GLASS LOUVERS 1'-8"

1'-8"

100mm x 50mm MS BOX SECTION BEAM

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

2'-0"

PERFORATED SHEET PROJECTION

2'-0"

2 NOS. 1"X1.5" MS Z-SECTION VERTICAL FRAME

GLASS LOUVERS

3'-2"

PINEWOOD PLANKS

3'-2"

PINEWOOD PLANKS

3'-2"

PINEWOOD PLANKS

3'-2"

3'-0"

1" MS FLAT

3'-0"

2 NOS. 1"X1.5" MS Z-SECTION HORIZONTAL FRAME

7'-0"

17'-812" PLINTH BEAM TOP TO RAFTER BOTTOM

MS BOX SECTION

PERFORATED METAL SHEET

3'-2"

1'-11"

3'-2"

1'-11"

3'-0"

TT’

INSIDE

PLINTH BEAM

CHAPPADI STONE

UU’

INSIDE

CHAPPADI STONE

INSIDE

PINEWOOD STEPS FIXED TO LOWER DECK TOP OF UPPER DECK RAILING

TOP OF UPPER DECK RAILING

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

FFL OF UPPER DECK

FFL OF LOWER DECK

5' GROUND LEVEL

4" PINEWOOD PLANKS FIXED TO FLATS AND BOX SECTION BEAMS

GROUND LEVEL

2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTIONS & FLATS

MS ROUND COLUMNS

MS BOX SECTION BEAMS

FFL OF LOWER DECK

MS ROUND COLUMNS

4" PINEWOOD PLANKS FIXED TO FLATS AND BOX SECTION BEAMS

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

FFL OF UPPER DECK

MS BOX SECTION BEAMS

READYMADE SLIDE TO BE FIXED TO DECK

MS AND PINEWOOD RAILING

2" MS FLATS

2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTIONS & FLATS

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM MS AND PINEWOOD RAILING

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

UPPER DECK

READYMADE SLIDE TO BE FIXED TO DECK

12'

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

X 4

1" 9" 102

6" 1'-6"

2'-6"

1'-6"

1' 2'-6"

1' 2'

2'-6"

1'-6"

2'-6"

5 2" MS FLATS WELDED TO VERTICAL BOX SECTION

4" PINEWOOD STRIPS FIXED TO MS FLATS 2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTION BEAM

3 2

2'-6"

6" 2'

1' 2'-6"

1' 2'

E 1'-1"

B 6"

4'-

6'-4"

4" PINEWOOD STRIPS FIXED TO MS FLATS 2" MS FLATS WELDED TO VERTICAL BOX SECTION

F G

1" 9" 102

CENTRE OF DECK

R=5'-6"

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

6'-2"

C 3'-1"

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

4 3 2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

B 3'-1"

2"x1" MS BOX SECTION VERTICAL MEMBER WELDED TO MS BOX SECTION/FLAT

REFER TO FIXING DETAIL

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

1'-10"

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

Play deck details; Wall sections & elevation (top)

1" 3'-102

1'-9"

6" 2'-6"

1'-6"

1' 2'-6"

1'-6"

1'-

3'-1 1 2"

1" 3'-102

4'B

11'-6"

1" 3'-102

11'

1" 1'-72

8'-2"

7'-1" 1" 1'-92

PINEWOOD PLANK FLOORING

1" 1'-6" 1'-32

LOWER DECK

1'-10"

A B

MS AND PINEWOOD RAILING

3'-3"

4'-1"

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

CUT-OUT FOR TREE

1" 3'-42

2" MS FLATS 2'

PINEWOOD STEPS TREAD = 6" RISER = 12"

2"x2" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

1" 1'-92

CENTRE OF DECK

1" 3'-62

1" 62

2"x4" MS BOX SECTION BEAM

1'-9"

" 1'-6

PINEWOOD STEPS FIXED TO LOWER DECK

4"Ø MS ROUND COLUMN

This project is a house for six residents: Sameer, Neeru, their two children and Sameerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s parents. The entire Western edge of the house, which gets the most heat in summer, consists of non-living spaces such as toilets, storage and the staircase which act as thermal buffers for the rest of the house. A stone wall runs from North to South as a defining architectural element. The most awe-inspiring part of the design is perhaps the internal atrium with a garden and skylight. Wire-cut fired bricks were used in combination with compressed stabilized earth blocks on the request of the client. The house includes a rainwater harvesting system with a groundwater recharge well. Greywater from the house is treated using reed-beds on the rooftop and re-used for toilet flushing and gardening. This was one of my first projects as a junior architect. I was in charge of all working drawings - centreline, foundation, superstructure, doors and windows, electrical, plumbing, flooring and metal fabrication - checked by a senior architect. I was in direct contact with the contractor and client for some parts of the project.

ECOLOGICAL CITY HOUSE /professional work /biome environmental solutions /total floor area: 240 m2 /design, working drawings, site supervision /bangalore, india /january 2015 to dec 2016

16 11

10 6

13 8

1 2

BASEMENT

GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

MEZZANINE & TERRACE

Family gym

Living room

12 Family room

Mezzanine

Garden

Dining

13 Terrace

Terrace

Rainwater recharge well

Kitchen

14 Children’s bedroom

Greywater treatment

Entrance

Courtyard

15 Master bedroom

Parents’ bedroom

16 Toilet

10 Toilet 11 Laundry & dishwashing

0 11

35 34 33 32 3' x 3' RCC SLAB CANTILEVERED FROM WALL

MS PLATE

30 29

MS C-SECTION STRINGER

28 27

2" THICK SOLID TEAKWOOD TREAD

OHT TOP LVL GR LVL +34'-1"

MS PLATES

MS C-SECTION STRINGER

23 22

10'-5"

FOLDED MS PLATE WELDED TO STRINGER

21 20

T=10.5" R=7" 19

MS PLATE

3'-6"

TERRACE LVL GR LVL +23'-8"

10'-6"

FF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +20'-2"

3 4"

TEAKWOOD PANEL

10mmØ MS BRIGHT RODS WELDED TO BOX SECTIONS

2'-

3'-6"

91 2"

FF LVL GR LVL +13'-2"

10'-6"

51 2" 51 2" 51 2" 51 2"

GF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +9'-8"

3 4"

2.5"X2.5" TEAKWOOD HANDRAIL FIXED TO MS FLAT

TEAKWOOD PANEL

1.5" MS FLAT WELDED TO BOX SECTIONS

LWR GF LVL GR LVL +1'-2"

1"x2" MS BOX SECTIONS WELDED TO TREAD PLATES AND STRINGER

1'-6" 1'-2"

GF LVL GR LVL +2'-8"

00 GROUND LVL

TEAKWOOD PANEL

1" 2'-102

3 4"

10'-5"

OHT TOP LVL GR LVL +34'-1"

3'-4" 3'

TERRACE LVL GR LVL +23'-8"

10'-6" 7'

MS C-SECTION STRINGER

MS PLATE

1"X2" MS BOX SECTION WELDED TO STRINGER AND TREAD PLATE

3' x 3' RCC SLAB CANTILEVERED FROM WALL

3'-6"

FOLDED MS PLATE WELDED TO STRINGER

MS PLATES

MS PLATE FF LVL GR LVL +13'-2"

1" 22

3'-6"

X FF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +20'-2"

GF LINTEL BOTTOM LVL GR LVL +9'-8"

10'-6"

1"X2" MS BOX SECTIONS FIXED TO LANDING SLAB

10'-6"

00 GROUND LVL

7'-10"

1'-6" 1'-2"

GF LVL GR LVL +2'-8" LWR GF LVL GR LVL +1'-2"

BF LVL GR LVL -7'-10"

1" 2'-11" 102 3'-9"

Section AA; East elevation (top); Staircase details (right) 14

3 4"

TEAKWOOD PANEL

10mmØ MS BRIGHT RODS WELDED TO BOX SECTIONS

3 4"

TEAKWOOD PANEL

1"X2" MS BOX SECTION WELDED TO STRINGER AND TREAD PLATE

3'-4" T=10.5" R=7"

1" 21" 52 2

1.5" KADAPA STONE CHAMBER COVER

FGL= -2-0"

3" 5"

3"Ø PVC GREYWATER PIPE WITH T-JOINT

10"

2'-0"

4.5" THICK BRICK WALL

1.5" THICK KADAPA STONE BAFFLE WALLS FLASHING PCC BED

SECTION BB'

1.5" KADAPA STONE CHAMBER COVER FGL= -2-0"

1.5" THICK KADAPA STONE BAFFLE WALLS

10"

3" 5" 10"

2'-0" 6"

3"Ø PVC GREYWATER PIPE WITH T-JOINT

10"

4.5" THICK BRICK WALL

3"Ø PVC BLACK WATER OVERFLOW PIPE

PUMP

FLASHING PCC BED SECTION AA'

OVERFLOW TO BLACKWATER CHAMBER

INLET FROM GREYWATER CHAMBER

1'-6"

3"Ø PVC GREYWATER PIPE

INLET FROM GREYWATER CHAMBER

1'-221"

2'-3"

4.5" THICK BRICK WALL 1.5" THICK KADAPA STONE BAFFLE WALLS

521"

1'-0"

1'-6"

GREYWATER COLLECTION TANK PLAN AT TOP

PUMP

1'-0" 1'-221"

2'-3"

521"

GREYWATER COLLECTION TANK PLAN AT BOTTOM

3'-1"

4.5" BRICK MASONRY

5'-521"

1'-3"

125MMØ PEFORATED OUTLET PIPE

FIRST RAIN SEPARATOR

2'-0"

125MMØ INLET PIPE FROM TERRACE

NETLON MESH AROUND PIPE

PLAN

100MMØ PVC PIPE WITH GATE VALVE

125MMØ INLET PIPE FROM TERRACE 1.5" THICK KADAPA SLAB

125MMØ OVERFLOW TO SUMP

Implemented strategies for rainwater, greywater & blackwater; Details of greywater tank and rainwater filter (right) 15

125MMØ PIPE FROM FILTER TO SUMP

FILTER MEDIA WASHED SAND 125MMØ PERFORATED PIPE WITH NETLON MESH AROUND

FIRST RAIN SEPARATOR

1'-4"

FILTER MEDIA CHARCOAL FILTER MEDIA 20MM AGGREGATES

SECTION AA

100MMØ PVC PIPE WITH GATE VALVE

Modular Office Renovation (MOR) is the TU Delft proposal for the 2019 edition of Solar Decathlon, an international academic competition organised by the US Department of Energy. The underlying principle of MOR is to create a net-positive built environment in the M4H area of Rotterdam with the renovation of Marconi Towers in the Europoint Complex as the focus of the project. The goal was to design apartments for starters along with makersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; spaces, food production spaces, zero-packaging supermarket, restaurant, etc. in the towers and the neighbourhood. Soon after starting my Masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s programme in 2017, I joined the Solar Decathlon team (later to be called MOR). Five net-positive goals were targeted - energy, air, water, biomass & materials. I joined the TU Delft team to work on this project from the start to learn about the circularity of water, biomass and materials in an urban context, among other aspects of circular building and living. I managed a committee of five students in research and strategies for circularity and represented them in meetings with other core team members for integrating circular strategies in the architectural design.

THE MOR CONCEPT /international competition, TU Delft /total floor area: 102,500 m2 /committee leader (materials, water, biomass strategies) /Rotterdam, NL /oct 2017 to oct 2018

Water, Biomass & Materials Partnerships & Finance

Communication & Public Relations

Architectural Design

Structural Design

Building Physics

Project Management Feasibility & Viability

Rotterdam urban nature map (top left); M4H zoning map; M4H waste flows; M4H commercial & industrial spots (above); Marconi towers ground floor plan (left).

1. Neighbourhood commons 2. Bicycle parking 3. Shared laundry

1. Lounge & pantry 2. Bicycle parking 3. Phone call pod

4. Shared storage 5. Fire vestibule 6. Food production

4. Group pod 5. Private work pod 6. Meeting room

7. Fire vestibule 8. Printers 9. Aquaponics

Typical residential floor plan (top left); Typical office floor plan (left); Modular apartment typologies (above). 18

Urban parks 44.0

Water demand 81.5 /person /day

Urban farms

Urban greenhouses 73.9

Integration of water treatment system with neighbourhood

Fresh Water 75.5

Food production

Rainwater 6.0

Constructed Wetland Treated Greywater 73.9

Washing machine 14.3

Toilet flush 6.0

Travertine Facade Panels

EPS Foam Insulation

1. Facade panels (Upcycle)

1. Incinerate (If hazardous)

Sink | Handwash | Kitchen faucet 5.21 .43 .4

Non-VOC emitting

Shower 44.0

Non-VOC emitting

Fully biobased

Food preparation | Coffee & tea 1.00 .6

Cradle to Cradle certified

2. Flooring or paving (Downcycle)

Fully biobased

2. Recycled EPS (If not hazardous)

Cradle to Cradle certified

Fully biobased

Window Glazing

3. Aggregate in concrete (Downcycle)

Greywater 73.9

Vacuum flush toilets 21319.2 l/day

Organic waste 323.73 kg/day

Biodegradable

Cradle to Cradle certified

Dishwasher | Handwashing dishes 2.03 .6

Non-VOC emitting

Cradle to Cradle certified

Cradle to Cradle certified Recycled glass (Downcycle)

Blackwater 6.0

Anaerobic digestion

wall modules Kitchen/ Bathroom module

Biogas for energy

facade modules

54,132,049 l/year

bedroom/ workstation module Soil fertilizer

Urban greenhouses

Strategies for water, biomass and material flows.

Soil fertilizer

Urban farmsU

rban parks

Electricity for towers

Integration of water treatment system with neighbourhood

The objective of this thesis is to create a design approach for incorporating circular resource flow in urban neighbourhoods, keeping in consideration the involvement of residents in the resource network. The thesis process, conducted through literature research, case studies and interviews, is applied to a design tool meant for architects, planners or designers to calculate potential water-related resource flows in the neighbourhood. How can a circular water system including pro-environmental behaviour among users effect long-term environmental benefits?

The big-picture problem: resource flows and consumerist consumption in typical urban networks.

1. How can circularity be defined for water systems in varying contexts of climate and water availability? 2. How does the experience of water infrastructure by users influence their resource consumption habits? 3. What environmental benefits can a circular water system provide and how can these be measured? Three main goals are defined: to reduce drinking water demand, increase the acceptance of greywater reuse and increase the acceptance of non-flush toilets.

CIRCULAR WATER

Identification of technological and sociological factors in water use at neighbourhood and household scales.

Water circularity & pro-environmental behaviour for urban neighbourhoods /master thesis, TU Delft /research, tool development, data collection /The Netherlands /nov 2018 to june 2019

Environmental concerns resulting from centralised water practices.

Facilitating conditions

29% reduction in water demand Nutrientrecovery through alternative toiletuse

Attitude (?)

Intention 1. Nutrient source-separation as a double-bonus strategy. J

A M J J A S O N D 36 96 68 98 116 182 150 56 16 831 mm Excess rain Insufficient rain F

Social Factors (?)

Current Behaviour

Affect (?)

Habits Cumulative demand

Maximum deficit = maximum storage needed

4. Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour to design the built environment to enable specific practices in resource consumption.

Q9. Would you be willing to use a composting toilet on a daily basis?

Cumulative harvested rainwater

A. No, I like the comfort of a flush toilet B. Yes, I can use a composting toilet if it does not smell too much C. I am not sure

5. Behaviour analyses by questions and discussion.

2. Rainwater as local water source; storage requirement based on monthly rainwater data at site.

2.5 Group: Food & drink

4.8 Group: Washing dishes 59.6 Group: Shower

16.6 Group: Washing clothes

Impact of behaviour-change strategy Farming 34.6 Group: Toilet flushing

Uncertain

Ecosystem sustenance

Certain Feedback

3. Fit-for-purpose treatment of water supplied and waste-water generated; (Numbers are quantities (litres) of typical Dutch per capita daily water demand).

Steering

6. Design for behaviour change by three strategy steps. 21

Persuasion

Activity

(litres/day)

Food preparation Drinking, coffee tea and water Shower Other water Bath Washbasin Washing dishes by hand Washing dishes by machine Washing clothes by hand Washing clothes by machine Toilet Flush Discharge Farm or garden

___ ___ Calculated by tool ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool

(litres/day) Select water source Same as above Select water source Same as above Same as above Same as above Select water source Same as above Select water source Same as above Select water source Treated greywater Treated greywater

Per capita input

Farm? Y

0 0 Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool

Greywater Greywater Greywater Greywater Blackwater Blackwater Greywater Greywater Blackwater -

No. of residents

No. of households

Per capita output

Person:

Neighbourhood:

Drinking water

litres/day

m3/day

Treated rainwater

litres/day

m3/day

Treated greywater

litres/day

m3/day

Water discharged:

Person:

Neighbourhood:

Greywater

litres/day

m3/day

Blackwater

litres/day

m3/day

Urine-diverting composting toilet

Urine-diverting vacuum toilet Vacuum toilet

Biomassenergy set-up Y

Avg. household size

Water supplied:

Urine-diverting composting toilet Urine-diverting vacuum toilet

Select from 3 to 10 times a week

Showering frequency

Select from 2 to 20 minutes

Showering time

Select from 4 to 9 litres/minute

Showerhead performance

Vacuum toilet Urine-diverting composting toilet

Struvite precipitator? Y

Direct-use / sell urine?

Urine-diverting vacuum toilet Vacuum toilet Y

Urine-diverting composting toilet Urine-diverting vacuum toilet

DESIGN TOOL: FLOW OF INFORMATION

Vacuum toilet

Urine potential Biomass potential Reduced water for toilet flush

Reduced per capita shower water demand

Trial & error to reduce shower water demand to less than half the typical Dutch value

Monthly rainfall at site location

Water demand met by rainwater

Annual rainfall at site location

Rooftop area of each house

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Select run-off coefficient

Total rainwater = catchment area

Rooftop area of each house + 60% of rooftop area as street area

Average daily harvestable rainwater

Compare

Per capita daily rainwater demand

Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater

Treated greywater demand

Select pollution level of rooftop Compare First-flush diversion volume

Greywater available for potential reuse

Cleanest purpose of rainwater Treatment steps

Activity

(litres/day)

___ ___ Calculated by tool ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Calculated by tool Calculated by tool Calculated by tool

Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated rainwater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater Treated greywater

Rainwater storage volume in neighbourhood

Alternative: Rainwater storage volume per household

Greywater Greywater Greywater Greywater Blackwater Blackwater Greywater Greywater Blackwater -

Cleanest purpose of greywater

Treatment steps

DESIGN TOOL: FLOW OF INFORMATION 23

Case 01 (existing) Culemborg, The Netherlands

2. Average household size 2.4

Case 02 (circular alternative) Culemborg, The Netherlands

2. Average household size 2.4

K-G climate zone Temperate Oceanic

3. No. of households/blocks 300

K-G climate zone Temperate Oceanic

3. No. of households/blocks 300

1. Site population density 1,565 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 45 m2

1. Site population density 1,565 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 45 m2

Per capita water demand (default) 119.3 l/day

Demand reduction: 54% Catchment area for rainwater nil for local use

Demand met by Rainwater: nil Greywater: nil

(--)

6. Nutrient-return potential (1)

(--)

7. Nutrient-return potential (2)

Demand met by Rainwater: 100% Greywater: nil

Catchment area for rainwater 1.6 x Rooftops

(--)

8. Nutrient-return potential (3)

9. Toilet in use Flush toilet

6. Access to local farmland

7. Space for anaerobic reactor (UASB)

14. Avg. daily GW flow 58 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Discharge

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW nil 11. Storage volume nil 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) Planting

13. Treatment method (--)

16a. Space-intensive method Constructed Wetland + Disinfection

8. Storage and directuse of household urine

9. Suitable toilet Urine-diverting vacuum toilet

14. Avg. daily GW flow 33 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Farming

16b. Space-efficient method (--)

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW 58.8 l/day 11. Storage volume 348 m3 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) Food preparation

13. Treatment method Rapid sand filter + Disinfection

16a. Space-intensive treatment method Mulch-pit

16b. Space-efficient method Slow sand filter

Case 03 Bangalore, India

2. Average household size 4.9

Case 04 Windhoek, Namibia

2. Average household size 4.7

K-G climate zone Tropical Wet and Dry

3. No. of households/blocks 2

K-G climate zone Semi-Arid Desert

3. No. of households/blocks 300

1. Site population density 447,080 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 1028 m2

1. Site population density 3,065 persons/km2

4. Rooftop area per house/block 45 m2

Demand reduction: 53%

Demand reduction: 53% Demand met by Rainwater: nil Greywater: 44%

(--)

6. Access to local farmland

Demand met by Rainwater: 24% Greywater: 76%

Catchment area for rainwater 1.6 x Rooftops

(--)

7. Space for anaerobic reactor (UASB)

Catchment area for rainwater 1.6 x Rooftops

(--)

9. Suitable toilet 8. Storage and directuse of household urine Vacuum toilet

6. Access to local farmland

7. Space for anaerobic reactor (UASB)

14. Avg. daily GW flow 91 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Washing dishes

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW 3.3 l/day 11. Storage volume (--) 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) (--)

13. Treatment method (--)

16a. Space-intensive treatment method Constructed Wetland + Disinfection

8. Storage and directuse of household urine

9. Suitable toilet Urine-diverting composting toilet

14. Avg. daily GW flow 91 m3 15. Cleanest purpose (GW) Shower

10. Avg. per capita harvested RW 15.1 l/day 11. Storage volume 2,346 m3 12. Cleanest purpose (RW) Food preparation

16b. Space-efficient method Living machine 25

(--)

13. Treatment method Rapid sand filter + Disinfection

10A. Space-intensive method (--)

10B. Space-efficient method Membrane bioreactor

Constructed wetland - Polderdrift, Arnhem

Rainwater pond - EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg

Struvite precipitator - Waterschoon, Sneek

Resident - Polderdrift, Arnhem

Questionnaire data

Urban farm - EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg

Struvite sample - Sneek,NL

Urine-diverting toilet - Sneek

Resident - Polderdrift, Arnhem

Resident - EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg

EVA Lanxmeer, Culemborg - Circular Alternative 27

The Windefier was the proposal of our group of four students for a shading device that is designed for the typical Dutch patio, come rain, sun or wind. The design process involved imparting stiffness to paper in certain directions and translating the resulting form into a practical shading device. 1. One fabric, folded in a pattern to open and close in two directions. 2. Two arms on opposite sides of the fabric. 3. Three polygons making up one arm. 4. Four straight members forming one polygon with four pivot joints. The shade-creating part of the device is an operable space-frame made of joints (3D printed in the scaled-down model) and straight members. Each of the two movable arms consists of three parts, each with 2 identical polygons placed parallel with a roller at the pivot joints. Tension in the ropes would hold the shading device open in horizontal position. I was mainly involved in the design trial models and model-making of the final design at two scales. We made the 1:1 part model in a workshop over a two-week building period. I was responsible for some of the final drawings and compilation of the entire final report of drawings and building process.

THE WINDEFIER /academic (master) /shaded area: 50 m2 /design, prototyping /model-making /TU Delft /sept 2017 to dec 2017

FRAME & FABRIC: THE SHADE A1.1-7 Joints A2. Frame Members A3. Fabric A4. Clips

B A

ARMS: THE STRUCTURE B1.1-3 Arms B2. Pivot Joint B2.1-8 Parts of the joint B3 Top Joint

ROLLER SYSTEM: THE MECHANISM C1 Vertical roller C2 Horizontal roller C3 Steel plate C4 Steel cable 1 C5 Steel cable 2 B2.8

B2.8 B2.7 B2.7 B2.1

B2.4

B2.2 B2.3 B2.1 B2.2

B2.5 B2.6

B2.3 B2.5

B2.1

Outer arm

B2.2

Inner arm

B2.3

Connecting plate

B2.4

Roller provision

B2.5

Bolt a

B2.6

Bolt b

B2.7

Frame joint a1.4

B2.8

Frame member

B1.1

B1.2

B1.3

B1.1-3 Arms B2.

Pivot Joint

B2.1-8

Parts of the joint

Top Joint

B2.1

Outer arm

B2.2

Inner arm

B2.3

Connecting plate

B2.4

Roller provision

B2.5

Bolt A

B2.6

Bolt B

B2.7

Frame joint A1.4

B2.8

Frame member

B2.2 B2.2 B2.3

B2.3 B2.4

B2.1

B2.4

B2.6

B2.5

B2.6

B2.2

B2.5

B2.2

B2.5 B2.3

B2.1

B2.5

B2.1

B2.3

/Soujanya Krishnaprasad /+31 6336 18362 /soujanyakrishnaprasad@gmail.com