The three O’s: optometry, ophthalmology and opticianry — what are the differences?

Optometry should not be confused with ophthalmology or opticianry. Although the three are related and work together closely, there are distinctions between the preparation for each, as well as various roles each plays.

Optometry

Optometry is not an outgrowth of the medical profession. It is an independent profession that has evolved over many years.

The scientific roots of optometry come from the field of physics; however, over time, the profession has integrated information from the physical, biological and behavioral sciences. Within this broad body of knowledge are the advanced study of optics, the science of light and vision, as well as the study of human anatomy, pharmacology, pathology, sensory and perceptual psychology, biochemistry, statistics and epidemiology.

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmologists specialize in the medical and surgical care of the eyes and visual system, and in the treatment of eye disease and injury.

To become an ophthalmologist — after completing a bachelor’s degree — students must enroll in medical school. After four years of medical school, one or more years must be spent in general clinical training, and three or more years in a hospital-based ophthalmology residency program. Additionally, students may spend another year in a specialty fellowship. That is over 10 years of education before an ophthalmologist is able to practice, compared to the four years of optometry school optometrists must complete before practicing.

Opticianry

Opticians fill prescriptions for corrective eye wear, including glasses, contact lenses, low vision aids and ocular prostheses. They grind lenses and fabricate eye wear as well as adjust, replace and repair ophthalmic devices.

Opticians are not required to complete any specific academic program in most states. They can receive on-the-job training and become a certified optician by passing an examination administered by the Optician’s Association of America.