Southern Tides all about the water
September 2021
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In the Tides CREW
Issue No. 73 September 2021
Publisher/Editor Amy Thurman amy@southerntidesmagazine.com
7 Editor's Note
Consulting Naturalist John "Crawfish" Crawford crawfish@uga.edu
9 Around the Reef 11 The Riverkeeper Report
The Bitter End Columnist Captain J. Gary "Gator" Hill theoriginalcaptaingator@gmail.com
13 Fishing News 15 Improving Hurricane Forecasts
Around the Reef Columnist Michelle Riley michelle.riley@noaa.gov Contributors
16 Releasing Neptune 23 Did You Know? Eels!
Rebecca Munday Gray's Reef Nat'l. Marine Sanctuary
23 Taste of the Tides 24 Lawyers, Guns & Money
Meaghan Gerard Ogeechee Riverkeeper
25 Thanks for Six Years!
Michael Sullivan UGA Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
26 Looking Back: Our Favorite Pictures 28 Community Updates 30 The Bitter End
Copyright © 2015-2021
All content herein is copyright protected and may not be reproduced in whole or part without express written permission. Southern Tides is a free magazine, published monthly, and can be found at multiple locations from St. Marys, Ga., to Beaufort, S.C.
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Loggerhead sea turtle Neptune was released on Wassaw Island in August. Read the story starting on page 16. Photo by Amy Thurman September 2021
Southern Tides Magazine
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Editor’s Note
Clockwise from right: Shark tagging with the GADNR; trammel-netting with the SCDNR; and learning to identify a gator's sex with Jekyll wildlife biologists. Fun times!
S
ix years ago, in September of 2015, the first issue of Southern Tides Magazine was published. It’s hard to believe it’s been that long, until I scroll through all the files on my computer (72 issues archived and this 73rd issue in progress) or look at the stacks of magazines in my office or think about all the work it’s entailed! Or when I think back over all the people I’ve met, the adventures I’ve had, and all I’ve learned and been able to share with you, our readers. One of my favorite adventures was one of the first I wrote for the magazine in the fall of 2015, about oyster farming in South Carolina, when I spent a couple days with Frank Roberts at his oyster farm on Ladys Island. Frank was an awesome host and gave me a real understanding of the process, plus we went for a couple boat rides, harvested some oysters, ate some oysters, drank a couple beers, and I got a couple great articles out of it. Many of my favorite articles involved getting out there and getting my hands dirty alongside people who make a living here on our coast. Spending a day crabbing with my dear friends Jamee and Don, during peeler crab season, is at the top of that list. Even though they didn’t put me through the hard work with no sleep they go through each peeler season, they taught me so much about blue crabs and the crabbing industry that I was able to share with readers through articles and photos. I also got to spend a morning out with Captain Michael Purvis, owner of Thunderbolt Bait, learning about bait shrimping. Getting up before God to head out in the dark, deploying nets and hauling them in, leases, sorting, weather, and shrimp habits and habitats. All in a day's work! Riding along with the Chatham County Marine Patrol was another interesting adventure. Talking with Danny, Gene and other officers about things they’ve seen and done on the job, learning about the waterways and history of the area and the challenges they face in trying to keep our water-based community safe. It might seem like the ideal job, riding around in a boat all day, but there’s so much more to it. Another ride-along that opened my eyes was with the Savannah Bar Pilots. Those guys gave me a history lesson dating back to biblical times and on up through the very foundation of our nation, as well as an education about the port, container ships, and an inside look at an international brotherhood. One of the loveliest experiences I’ve had was getting to spend a few days as a guest at The Lodge on Little St. Simons Island. The words used on their website are “sustainable paradise” and I can’t think of a better way of putting it. From the garden which provides food for meals to living shorelines, from staff naturalists to minimizing trash, I learned so much, while escaping from the stress and pace of everyday life in a beautiful setting. September 2021
Southern Tides Magazine
The many times I’ve been able to get out in the field with researchers have been learning experiences too. From a nearly 12-hour day tagging sharks and redfish with the GADNR, to learning how to determine the sex of an alligator (you don’t want to know) with wildlife biologists on Jekyll Island, from shrimp assessment cruises to assess black gill with scientists with the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, to trammel netting for fisheries research with the SCDNR, and so many more. I’ve gotten a well-rounded education and have tried to share as much of what I’ve learned with you as these pages will hold. I could keep going for days. It’s been an interesting ride, and with the support of our advertisers, our community partners, and our contributors, there’s plenty more to come. Thank you all for reading each month – although I love what I do, if you didn’t read it, there wouldn’t be much point! Enjoy the issue and please, please, remember to thank our advertisers for making Southern Tides Magazine possible. See you out there!
Amy Thurman
Editor in Chief amy@southerntidesmagazine.com 7
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Around the Reef By Rebecca Munday Communications Intern Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary
Loggerhead sea turtle swimming at Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, August 2021 Photo by Kimberly Roberson, NOAA
P
icture an adult loggerhead sea turtle sleeping on the sandy sea floor under a four-foot tall ledge made of sandstone rock, with jagged edges and lots of nooks and crannies. The sea turtle’s tail cannot be seen outside the shell, so she must be female. She rests under the ledge, conserving her energy before she swims to the surface of the ocean again to breathe. Like other loggerheads and all other species of sea turtles, she’s a reptile and can’t breathe underwater. Yet, if she rests under this rock a while, she won’t have to swim to the surface every half hour. Instead, she can slow her metabolism down and wait a few hours to breathe. She weighs about 250 pounds and has a massive head, because she has to support the powerful jaw she uses to crush the shells of mollusks and horseshoe crabs she eats while foraging the sandy sea floor. Sometimes when she looks for crabs, whelks, or mollusks to eat, she finds one that doesn’t taste or feel quite right in her jaw, but she eats it anyway, because food is food. But the oddly textured and strange tasting shells are not food after all, they are bits of plastic and trash that invade the sea turtles’ habitat. Consequences of eating plastic and other trash are dire for this loggerhead. She may die after ingesting fishing line, plastic bags, floating tar or oil, and other discarded materials that she mistakes for food. Luckily, many boaters, fishers, and beachgoers have begun to take action to protect marine life, and the status of loggerhead sea turtles recently improved from an endangered species to a threatened species. Still, there is work to be done. The more researchers know about the life stages and habits of the sea turtles at the sanctuary, the better they can protect the turtles and their habit from further decline. On Gray’s Reef ’s eightday expedition on board the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster in August, research divers and ship crew saw a total of 11 loggerhead sea turtles across 58 sites. Sightings like these help scientists learn more about the loggerheads’ growth, population size, nesting patterns, migration patterns, and foraging habits. You can learn about loggerheads and other sea turtles that use the sanctuary by visiting graysreef.noaa.gov/science/research/seaturtles.html to see a new collection of articles and maps that tell the story of all the turtle sighting recorded at Gray’s Reef in the last 27 years, and find out how you can help protect sea turtles.
Loggerhead sea swimming at the surface at Gray's Reef in August. Photo by Ben Prueitt
A loggerhead rubbing its carapace on a ledge at GRNMS. Photo by Greg McFall, NOAA
For Information contact Michelle Riley: michelle.riley@noaa.gov September 2021
Southern Tides Magazine
9
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The Riverkeeper Report T
he people who use the Savannah River as a place to cool off, get away, relax, and enjoy during the summer months have yet again turned to Savannah Riverkeeper to know the quality of the water they're using. Through our award-winning Veterans For Clean Water program, trained volunteer citizen scientists spent the summer giving outdoor lovers important information to keep them and their families safe. Now integrating our newly launched Know Your River platform, the most powerful data resource on the Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers, people who turned to Savannah Riverkeeper for questions about their waterways have this incredible new tool at their fingertips. We welcome anyone to check out knowyourriver. com While our dedicated team of staff and volunteers head into the home stretch of our recreational water sampling season, we are excited to give the people who trust us a new place, and a new tool, to know if the water they are using is swimmable, drinkable, and fishable. www.savannahriverkeeper.org/
Savannah Riverkeeper runs a Veterans for Clean Water testing and monitoring program. Photo provided by SRK
T
he Ogeechee Riverkeeper works on all of the streams flowing out to Ossabaw Sound and St. Catherine’s Sound. The Ogeechee River system drains more than 5,500 square miles of land and includes four sub-watersheds: Upper Ogeechee, Lower Ogeechee, Ogeechee Coastal and the Canoochee watersheds. The Canoochee River is about 108 miles long and the Ogeechee River itself is approximately 245 miles long. Building on our legacy fighting for clean water in Georgia, Ogeechee Riverkeeper continues to stand alongside local communities in this fight to ensure that everyone has clean waterways, abundant wildlife and fisheries, and healthy communities. www.ogeecheeriverkeeper.org/
T
he Altamaha Riverkeeper protects, defends, and restores the Altamaha Watershed from our large rivers, the Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ohoopee and Altamaha to the smallest tributaries and coastal marshlands. The Altamaha Riverkeeper aggressively monitors pollution and polluters throughout the watershed through a program of water sampling and analysis. We also monitor land-based activities that impact the health of the river including forestry and agriculture practices, wetlands destruction and development. To learn more visit: altamahariverkeeper.org/
T
he St. Marys River is 130-miles long, winding through four counties in two states. That includes more than 60,000 residents who depend on the health of the river for tourism, recreation, commercial fishing, and safe drinking water. Wildlife and plant ecosystems rely on the continued cleanliness of the watershed, including 3,000 miles of streams and tributaries. To learn more visit: www.stmarysriverkeeper.org/
T
he mission of the Satilla Riverkeeper is to protect, restore, and educate about the ecological values and unique beauty of the Satilla River. We work to ensure adequate quality and quantity of water in the Satilla River for all uses. We are the eyes and ears of the watershed and estuary. Through education, outreach, effective and informative communications, we strive to engage our membership and empower local communities to advocate for the Satilla River, tributaries, and watershed. www.satillariverkeeper.org/ September 2021
Southern Tides Magazine
Compiled by Meaghan Gerard Communications & Administrative Director Ogeechee Riverkeeper meaghan@ogeecheeriverkeeper.org 11
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Fishing News reuse. If you are traveling directly to other waters, clean your equipment with a 10 percent solution of chlorine bleach or use another set of equipment. • DON'T transport live fish between bodies of water or release or dispose of them anywhere other than the location they were caught • E-mail If you observe the symptoms of WHD or INHV in fish. Notify the GADNR Wildlife Resources Division at trout@ dnr.ga.gov. More information about fish disease in Georgia can be found at: georgiawildlife.com/ans#diseases.
Trout Hatchery Infection
T
he GADNR Wildlife Resources Division (WRD) is investigating Whirling Disease (WHD) and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in hatchery-raised trout at the Buford and Summerville Trout Hatcheries. Initial testing results indicate that both hatcheries are positive for WHD and IHNV. “While neither WHD or IHNV are harmful to humans, these diseases can cause high trout mortalities in hatchery systems and in the wild, and there are no known therapeutic treatments to eliminate these pathogens,” said WRD Chief of Fisheries Scott Robinson. “As a result, Georgia WRD has temporarily suspended its trout stocking program and is in the process of collecting additional trout samples for disease analysis, investigating the source for both pathogens, and identifying disinfectant methodologies for treating the hatcheries.” Whirling Disease: This is the first documented occurrence of whirling disease in Georgia. First detected in the U.S. in 1958, this disease is found in more than 20 states, including the Watauga River in North Carolina in 2015. Whirling disease can cause 90 percent or greater mortality of young rainbow trout and can have serious impacts to wild and hatchery trout populations. The disease is caused by the microscopic parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, which damages cartilage and skeletal tissue in trout causing diseased fish to swim in a "whirling" motion. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus: IHNV has not previously been found in Georgia, it has been documented in salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. The disease is caused by the Salmonid Novirhabdovirus and is passed through contact with urine, mucus, and other fluids. All species of trout are susceptible. The virus can cause high trout mortalities in hatchery systems and in the wild. There are no therapeutic treatments to eliminate the pathogen. Infected fish may exhibit lethargy, whirling behavior, darkened coloration, and swelling in the head and abdomen. If you catch a trout that you think may be affected by WHD or IHNV, here are ways to help: • DO take photos and video of the fish, including close ups of its spine. • DO note where it was caught (waterbody, landmarks, or GPS coordinates). • DO properly clean all equipment such as boats, trailers, waders, boots, float tubes and fins of mud before leaving an area when fishing. Thoroughly dry equipment in the sun if possible before September 2021
Southern Tides Magazine
SAFMC Uses Citizen Science
C
ollecting more information on released fish is a priority research need for the South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council (SAFMC). Numbers of released fish are increasing, however, limited information is available on released fish because they can’t be sampled back at the dock through many traditional sampling programs. To help fill this data gap, the SAFMC Citizen Science Program developed the SAFMC Release Project. As a pilot, this project developed a mobile app to collect information on released scamp grouper. A recent expansion will now allow fishermen to report releases of all shallow water grouper species. The SAFMC Release Project is available through SciFish, a citizen science mobile app created by the ACCSP, SAFMC, NCDMF, and HarborLight Software. Fishermen can use this app to log information on released shallow water grouper – including the length of the released fish, depth of release, observed shark predation, and release treatment (e.g., use of a descending device). Having information to characterize the lengths of released shallow water grouper could be useful in stock assessments and in future management actions. Additionally, information on depth of released fish and release treatments – like use of descending devices - could help refine mortality estimates. The app is available to commercial, for-hire and recreational fishermen. To join the project, contact Julia Byrd: julia.byrd@safmc. net or (843) 302-8439 or fill out an online form here: bit.ly/ SAFMC_SciFish to set up an account and download the free mobile app. 13
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Improving Hurricane Forecasts By Michael Sullivan External Affairs Manager UGA Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
S
cientists from UGA Skidaway Institute of Oceanography and NOAA are working together to operate a team of uncrewed marine vehicles to improve hurricane forecasts. Autonomous underwater vehicles, or “gliders,” operated by UGA Skidaway Institute, are working in conjunction with NOAA-operated Saildrone Explorers travelling on the ocean surface. Working together, the two types of drones are able to monitor ocean conditions around and within storms, from the atmosphere down to the sea floor. They will provide hurricane forecasters with a rich data set to use to improve hurricane forecasts. “This experiment is an exciting and challenging opportunity to coordinate robotic platforms working on the ocean’s surface with a complementary underwater robot,” said UGA Skidaway Institute researcher Catherine Edwards, “By sending the pair of vehicles into a hurricane and working together, we have the potential to collect an unprecedented view of what happens underneath tropical storms.” The models hurricane forecasters use to predict the paths of storms have become much more accurate in recent years, but their ability to accurately predict a storm’s intensity has improved more slowly. Hurricanes feed off of heat from warm ocean water, like that found in the Caribbean, in the Gulf Stream and in the shallow waters off the southeastern United States, known as the South Atlantic Bight. This can be a tremendous source of energy for developing storms. Heat is transferred between the ocean and atmosphere at the ocean’s surface, but it is important to understand the amount of subsurface heat as well. This is where autonomous underwater vehicles, also known as gliders, can collect valuable information. Gliders are torpedo-shaped crafts that can be packed with sensors and sent on underwater missions to collect oceanographic data. The gliders measure temperature and salinity, among other parameters, as they profile up and down in the water. Equipped with satellite phones, the gliders surface periodically to transmit their recorded data during missions that can last from weeks to months. The data from the gliders is contributed to national and international repositories of ocean and atmospheric data that are used to improve ocean and atmospheric models used in hurricane forecasting. “Not only can we watch what happens in the ocean as the storm nears, but what that glider sees is incorporated into the ocean models that underpin tropical storm forecasts from NOAA’s models within hours of the measurement itself,” Edwards said. “The improved forecasts help us position our gliders even better, so it’s a positive feedback for ocean observing.” Meanwhile, complementing the underwater glider, NOAAoperated Saildrone Explorers will cruise the surface, measuring surface and atmospheric conditions. saildrones are uncrewed surface vehicles powered by wind and solar energy, and remotely piloted via satellite telecommunication. They measure solar irradiance, barometric pressure, air temperature, humidity, wind, waves, water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and ocean September 2021
Southern Tides Magazine
Saildrones at their launching in Jacksonville. Photo provided by Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
currents. This information, in combination with measurements of surface short- and long-wave radiation, can be used to understand when, where and how heat and energy are exchanged between the ocean and atmosphere. The five Saildrone Explorers deployed in this hurricane season are equipped with specially designed hurricane wings. The shorter, more rugged wing is designed to withstand hurricane strength winds and waves. “The main objectives of the saildrone mission are to advance understanding of how hurricanes exchange energy with the ocean and to improve forecasts of hurricane intensification by sending the data directly to operational weather prediction centers for incorporation into their forecast models,” said NOAA’s Greg Foltz, oceanographer and lead scientist for the saildrone project. “Having collocated measurements with underwater gliders will bring a new level of understanding and greater potential for improved prediction, since we will have valuable information on how storms interact with the subsurface ocean.” Saildrone Explorers are under constant supervision from Saildrone Mission Control, a part of the company that designed and built them. NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory will work together to direct Saildrone Mission Control to send them into hurricanes. UGA Skidaway Institute gliders and NOAA’s Saildrone Explorers will operate in two sectors off the coast of Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Meanwhile, NOAA has also deployed three more saildrones, two of which will work with other gliders in and around the Caribbean Sea. The deployments ae expected to continue through the end of October. “The combination of these two data sets will help the forecast models better represent the connections between the ocean and the atmosphere, both as the storm approaches and after hurricane season as scientists dig deeper into the processes the combined data sets can reveal,” Edwards said. This project also involves partnerships with NOAA's Environmental Modeling Center of the National Weather Service and the CoastWatch of NOAA's National Environmental Satellite and Data Information Service. 15
R eleasing N eptune
Article and Photos by Amy Thurman
On a beautiful summer morning this August, two days after her third birthday, a loggerhead sea turtle named Neptune swam into the waters of Wassaw Sound for the first time in her young life. Southern Tides Magazine was lucky to be there to witness her release and learn about the role Neptune played in sea turtle conservation and expanding our knowledge of these magnificent creatures.
I
n the summer of 2018, the UGA Aquarium on Skidaway Island, part of UGA Marine Extension and Georgia Sea Grant, had a vacancy for a sea turtle hatchling. The team reached out to Mark Dodd, who heads the GADNR Sea Turtle Conservation Program and coordinates the Georgia Sea Turtle Cooperative, and when a straggler was found in a nest that hatched on Ossabaw Island on August 8, arrangements were made for the tiny survivor to be taken to the aquarium. Stragglers that don’t leave the nest have zero chance of survival. Because the nest temperatures were monitored as part of DNR research, the team knew the young turtle was female. Nest temperatures determine the sex of the hatchlings with higher temperatures resulting in female turtles while lower temperatures result in males. And because she was born on the eighth day of the eighth month, she was given the name Neptune, eighth planet and God of the sea. So what was her early life in the aquarium like? “It’s amazing to me that sea turtles already know how to swim immediately after hatching, but in those early days, Neptune still had to practice and master things like balance, coordination, turning and buoyancy control. She also had to learn how to utilize her tank environment to rest and sleep when needed,” said Devin Dumont, aquarium curator. Her diet in the early days consisted of several meals a day, made up of minced pieces of shrimp or fish, frozen seafood slurry, and a nutritional supplement called gel food. As she grew her daily meals grew as well, for proper growth and development. While she grew, Neptune captivated aquarium visitors and was
Above: Devin Dumont holds Neptune while Joe Pfaller applies a tag to her flipper. Right: Posing for photos. The sign reads, "August 10, 2021, 3 years and 2 days old! IT'S RELEASE DAY!!! Goodbye Neptune."
featured in many formal education programs. In this role she was an education ambassador for loggerheads and played an active part in raising awareness about loggerheads and sea turtle conservation on our Georgia coast. Aquarium staff, students from Savannah State University and Georgia Southern University participated in a collaborative study to use behavior analysis methods in efforts to improve enrichment practices. “Oftentimes with organisms in managed care facilities, animals tend to engage in non-species-specific behaviors that aren’t adaptive in their natural environments,” said Andrew Bulla, Ph.D., professor of psychology and faculty mentor to GSU students. “With environmental enrichment, the captive environment in which the turtles live mimics their natural habitat, which increases their chances for survival once released. It also provides valuable data for researchers and hands-on experiences for students in the psychology field.” In the months prior to her release, Neptune’s diet played a role in these enrichment activities. Live food was introduced, to include blue crabs, mussels and other shellfish that make up loggerhead diets in the wild, which allowed her to hone or foraging and hunting skills and in turn increase her chances of survival after her release. On her release date, she weighed in at almost 45 pounds and her carapace measured 22 inches. 18
Southern Tides Magazine
September 2021
Above left: Neptune in the tank used to transport her to the release site. Above right: Tag placed on the bottom edge of her left flipper. This image: Devin Dumont and Lisa Kovalanchik carrying Neptune to her release site on Wassaw Island's north beach.
The morning of her release, Neptune was tagged, providing us with one more opportunity to learn from her. A small inobtrusive and painless PIT tag, or passive integrated transponder, was implanted under her skin by Joe Pfaller, Ph.D., with the Caretta Research Project, in Savannah, and Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, in Gainesville, Fla. The tag should still read in 20 or more years if she comes back to either Wassaw or Jekyll Islands, both of which have nighttime tagging patrols. “Tagging sea turtles has helped reveal may mysteries in sea turtle biology, mostly in terms of where they go and how long they live. By giving Neptune individualized tags, we will be able to identify her if she is encountered later in life, maybe even at a nesting beach!” Pfaller said. All sea turtle tags have an address on the back, and deployments are catalogued in a central database at the University of Florida. “If Neptune is seen again there will be a coordinated effort to inform us of her sighting, which helps us learn about and better protect the species,” Pfaller added. What might Neptune’s life be like after her release? No one is really certain. Dumont and Pfaller agree that her instincts should kick in as she learns her environment. With luck she remains nearshore for now, feeding on the bottom for crabs, mussels and other shellfish – and avoiding boats and predators. As water temperatures change with the seasons she’ll likely begin moving offshore and inshore accordingly. We all hope she returns to a Georgia beach to nest one day!
Above: Lisa and Devin help Neptune get closer to the surf as she waves her flippers, seemingly eager for her first foray into the ocean. Opposite page: Close-up image of Neptune.
Sea Turtle Information UGA Marine Extension and Georgia Sea Grant: gacoast.uga.edu/ Sea Turtle Nest Data: www.seaturtle.org/nestdb/ Caretta Research Project: www.carettaresearchproject.org/ Georgia Sea Turtle Cooperative: georgiawildlife.com/seaturtlecooperative. 20
Southern Tides Magazine
September 2021
Adventure Log: August 10, 2021 Neptune's Release
It was a lovely August morning when I arrived at the UGA Skidaway campus docks and I was glad the weather cooperated on such a special day. Getting to ride along and see a sea turtle released isn’t something you get many opportunities to be part of and I was thrilled to be included. Once everyone had arrived, Lisa Kovalanchik and Devin Dumont assisted Joe Pfaller as he applied Neptune’s tags, then photos were taken. It was amazing to be that close to a sea turtle! Her big eyes, the colors of her head, beak and shell, those big flippers, she was just stunning and I could have sat next to her all day, just looking at her! After the photo opportunities, she was placed in a large blue tub for the boat ride, then we all enjoyed a lovely trip out to Wassaw Island. Dolphins were active as we motored up the Skidaway River then rounded the bend into the Wilmington River. It felt good to be back on that stretch of water where I’ve spent so much time. Too soon, we arrived in Wassaw Sound and anchored off the north beach of Wassaw Island. Neptune’s tub was carried ashore as we all waded up to the beach and gathered to watch her first steps toward freedom. Devin and Lisa lifted Neptune out of the tub and set her on the sand where small waves were rolling in, within her reach. She seemed curious and maybe a little uncertain as she stretched her flippers and moved around a bit. She headed toward the water at an angle, at one point heading straight towards me – for which I’m grateful as she gave me the perfect shot for the cover photo! After snapping the picture I moved out of her line of sight to avoid being a distraction and give her a clear path to the water. She still needed a little assistance though, so Devin and Lisa picked her up again and took her a little closer to the waves. As they lifted her, she moved her flippers back and forth, much in the way some dogs will paddle if held over water. After one final assist from Devin and Lisa, she dove into the waves and disappeared from view. We all stood watching and saw her head break the surface a couple hundred yards off the beach. Sea turtles are solitary creatures, typically coming together only to mate, and otherwise exploring and foraging alone. I could imagine her out there, swimming in any direction she chose, taking in her surroundings, seeing other sea life swimming by, at last able to follow her instincts and the rhythms of the sea. Neptune was free.
Sincere thanks to Emily Kenworthy, Devin Dumont, Lisa Kovalanchik, Todd Recicar, Dodie Sanders, and the rest of the team at UGA Marine Extension and Georgia Sea Grant, and to Joe Pfaller with Caretta Research Project and Drew Bulla with Georgia Southern University. It was a phenomenal experience! Thank you for including Southern Tides Magazine!
September 2021
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Did You Know?
Taste of the Tides Creamy Garlic and Bacon Shrimp
Some scientists consider the American eel to have the broadest diversity habitats of any fish species in the world? They are North America’s only catadromous fish – meaning they’re born in the ocean, spend their adult lives in freshwater, then return to the ocean to spawn.
With cooler temperatures in our near future, what could be better than a hot dish for dinner? We think this one is the ultimate comfort food - after all, what could be better than wild Georgia shrimp and bacon in a creamy sauce? Remember to support local fishermen by shopping at your local seafood markets!
• Scientific name: Anguilla rostrata. Common names: black eel, glass eel, green eel, river eel, silver eel, yellow eel. They range from Greenland to Brazil and can be found extremely far up inland rivers.
INGREDIENTS 4 slices thick-cut bacon, diced 1.5 pounds shrimp, peeled and deveined 4 cloves garlic, minced ½ cup chicken broth ¾ cup heavy cream (or milk) ¼ cup finely grated parmesan cheese 1 tsp Creole seasoning (or more for added heat!) Lemon juice to taste Salt and pepper to taste Chopped cilantro Pasta, rice or warm bread, if desired
• The eel's lower jaw extends beyond the upper jaw. Mature eels are carnivorous, feeding on insects, fish, fish eggs, crabs, worms, clams, frogs, and dead animal matter. They pull, twist and spin to pull apart their food. • Eels can cover their entire bodies with a mucous layer which can help them travel out of the water through mud and wet grass. This also makes them nearly impossible to capture by hand, hence the term, “slippery as an eel.”
DIRECTIONS • In large skillet over medium heat, cook chopped bacon to desired crispness, being careful not to scorch grease. Remove from skillet and set aside. • Add garlic to skillet and saute in bacon grease for about 1 – 2 minutes. • Add shrimp to skillet, season with salt and pepper, and saute 1-2 minutes until just cooked. Remove shrimp and garlic and set aside. • Add chicken broth to skillet and simmer for about 1 minute (raise heat a touch if needed), stirring to remove any seasoning stuck to pan. • Stir in heavy cream. Bring to simmer, stirring frequently to prevent scorching. Continue to simmer until liquid begins to reduce slightly. • Add parmesan cheese and Creole seasoning, then whisk quickly to avoid clumping. As cheese begins to melt, lower heat and continue to whisk until cheese is thoroughly melted and sauce is creamy. • Drizzle shrimp with lemon juice, to taste, then return shrimp and bacon to skillet. Stir to mix, then allow to simmer for one minute, to heat shrimp through. • Can be served over cooked pasta or rice, with bread for dipping, or as a stand-alone dish. Sprinkle with chopped cilantro before serving.
• Eels spawn in the Sargasso Sea with females releasing from 20 million to 30 million eggs, which are then fertilized by males. Eels hatch from eggs and drift on ocean currents for about a year before arriving on the Atlantic coast. Some eels swim up freshwater streams to mature, while others remain in estuarine and marine waters, while still others move between freshwater and saltwater. • Eels change colors as they progress through life stages. Larval eels are transparent (glass eels). Post-larval eels, or elver eels, are dark, grayish green to brown. In the first stage of adulthood, not yet sexually mature eels range from yellow to olive-brown, while sexually mature adults are dark brown to gray on top and silver to white underneath. During spawning migration, their color can change from bronze to silver. Eels are by far one of the most interesting creatures we've ever profiled in our Did You Know? series. To learn more about these amazing creatures, check out the following links: bit.ly/american_eel www.fws.gov/northeast/newsroom/facts.html Image above by Duane Raver, USFWS September 2021
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Prizes Awarded in Five Categories Calcutta (Top 10 Shooters) After Party with Live Music and Silent Auction Non-Shooter Tickets Available For More Information: Lyn McCuen (912) 224-0927 Robert Hughes (912) 247-3568
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Thank You for Six Years! Thank you, Tides Crew! Captain J. Gary "Gator" Hill - The Bitter End Columnist Michelle Riley - Around the Reef Columnist Meaghan Girard - The Riverkeeper Report Consulting Naturalist John "Crawfish" Crawford
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September 2021
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Looking Back:
February 2016 Issue Photo by EcoHealth Alliance, NOAA Permit #932-1905; provided by GADNR
Our
Favorite Photos
June 2018 Issue Staff Photo
April 2020 Issue Photo by Bob Bonde, USGS Provided by GRNMS
June 2019 Issue Photo by Amy Thurman
July 2018 Issue Photo by Amy Thurman
May 2017 Issue Photo by John Holden
January 2021 Issue Photo by Christy Hand, SCDNR
September 2020 Issue Photo by Captain J. Gary Hill July 2021 Issue Photo by Tim Keyes, GADNR
August 2020 Issue Photo by Malcolm Gorrie
September 2015 Issue Photo by Greg McFall, NOAA
July 2020 Issue Photo by Mark Dodd, GADNR
May 2021 Issue Photo by Katie Antzcak, OSP
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Community Updates Sign Stolen on St. Simons Island
The theft of a St. Simons Island sign explaining the importance of Gould’s Inlet and Georgia barrier islands for shorebirds has spurred calls for tips and hopefully the sign’s return. The sign, installed on the walkway at 15th Street was purchased several years ago with the support of grants and donations from the GADNR Wildlife Viewing Grants Program and Coastal Georgia Audubon. Built to withstand the harsh conditions of the beach, it cost nearly $950.00 and there are Photo by Abby Sterling no funds available to replace it. Manomet biologist Abby Sterling notes that Gould's Inlet is part of the Georgia Barrier Islands Site of Hemispheric Importance for shorebirds, as designated by the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve network. Donations for the purchase of a new sign can be made at bit.ly/new_birding_sign
Shells added to Glynn Oyster Reefs
Contractors working for GADNR’s Coastal Resources Division (CRD) in June placed approximately 140 tons of loose oyster shell in Jointer Creek, west of Jekyll Island. This brings the total oyster shell put back into Georgia’s estuaries in the last 14 months to 213 tons. “Oysters, in particular, are very important, as they are ecosystem engineers providing vital services in addition to being a harvest species,” said Cameron Brinton, a marine biologist with CRD. “Oysters help stabilize banks, improve water quality and create essential fish habitat for commercially and recreationally important fish.” Over the past several months, CRD has focused on three specific projects in Glynn County: a new artificial reef on the Back River near the Torras Causeway containing 68 tons of oyster shell in 7,200 bags; 140 tons of loose shell on the Glynn County public shellfish harvest area on Jointer Creek; and five tons of loose shell in the South Brunswick River near Blythe Island Regional Park. “The goal of this year’s projects was not only to create new reefs, but also to test new deployment methods,” said Brinton. “In the Back River, we’ve been using bagged oyster shell, which is a method that we’ve successfully used in a number of sites, and at Jointer Creek and Blythe Island, we used loose shell, which requires less manpower and has been very successfully used in other states.” Although to date the Blythe Island site has only five tons, marine biologists from CRD will return to the site and see how effective the deployment of loose shell was. If the reef is stable, CRD plans to add more shell in the future. All the oyster deployment sites will be monitored for the next several years looking at several biological and physical metrics to ensure the reefs are stable and self-sustaining. A healthy reef should have a footprint that does not shrink. In established reefs, this is not usually a problem, Brinton said, but can be a challenge in newly established reefs due to sedimentation caused by Georgia’s eight-foot tidal cycle. “With over 3,400 miles of tidal creeks and rivers in Georgia, we have a lot of work ahead of us,” Brinton said. “If you want to help us out, support restaurants that partner with us for shell recycling, donate the shell from your own oyster roast, and consider getting a Marine Habitat Conservation license plate for your vehicle or trailer.”
If your organization or business has news to share, please send it to: amy@southerntidesmagazine.com 28
Southern Tides Magazine
September 2021
New Mother/Calf Pair Spotted
New England Aquarium scientists have identified a North Atlantic right whale mother and calf spotted swimming off Brier Island, Nova Scotia, as the 18th pair of the season, bringing this season’s total number of documented mothercalf pairs among these critically endangered animals to the highest count since 2013. Lobster and calf swimming off Brier Island, Nova Scotia in May. On May 20, Amy Photo by Amy Tudor Tudor, a naturalist for Mariner Cruises Whale Watching on Brier Island, Nova Scotia, was on the ferry heading toward Long Island, Nova Scotia, when she spotted a whale 100 yards from the ferry. She immediately recognized it as a young right whale, and her husband took photographs from the Brier Island shoreline. Those photographs showed a mother right whale and a small calf moving back and forth in Grand Passage until they swam west out of the passage and into the Bay of Fundy. On Memorial Day, some of those images were relayed to Dr. Moira Brown of the Canadian Whale Institute who forwarded them to right whale researchers at the Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life at the New England Aquarium. Because every mother/calf sighting is important, the team reviewed the pictures quickly and determined this was another new mother for the year. Aquarium scientists identified the whale as “Lobster,” number 3232 in the North Atlantic Right Whale Catalog maintained at the Aquarium. Lobster, named because the identifying callosity pattern on the front of her head looks like a lobster with claws, was born in 2002 to mother Catspaw (Catalog #1632) and gave birth to her first calf in 2015 at the age of 13. She and her 2015 calf were seen and photographed just briefly by an observer on a dredge in the channel outside of Brunswick, GA, and that was the only sighting of the pair that year. While right whale mother/calf pairs are usually first detected off the coast of the southeastern U.S. where most calves are born, Lobster joins a dozen or so mothers who were first detected with a calf north of the known calving area. For example, in 2017, two of the five mothers were not seen in the calving grounds; they were first seen with their calves off Cape Cod in April. Whether Lobster and these 2017 mothers gave birth off the southeastern U.S. and were simply not detected, or gave birth in more northern waters, is unknown. At least two mothers are known to have calved in northern waters. One of them, a whale named “Wart” (Catalog #1140), was first sighted with a calf in Cape Cod Bay in January 2013. Although scientists welcome the news of this new right whale, calving in this decade has been well below the annual average of 23 from the previous decade. While 18 is still relatively low, every calf brings hope because the species remains critically endangered with fewer than 400 whales remaining.
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The Bitter End If Anything's Gonna Happen ...
By Captain J. Gary "Gator" Hill
Top: Movie poster from Captain Ron. Above right: The Harvey family with Captain Ron on the deck of the family sailboat, The Wanderer. Images © Buena Vista Pictures
Y
ou may recognize the title above as a quote from perhaps one of the most famous captains in history, Captain Ron Rico. Some of you might be smiling, but some of you might be scratching your head and trying to recall the name. Was he a contemporary of Magellan? Perhaps he served under Lord Nelson, or maybe fought alongside Blackbeard? Negative! Captain Ron is the main character of a movie by the same name; a fictional character played by Kurt Russel, in this seafaring cult classic. If you own a boat and haven’t yet watched Captain Ron, I’m shocked and appalled. This is what many of us consider the best training film ever made for novice boaters and sailors. It was released in 1992 to a dismal reception and only grossed just over $22 million, which might seem like a lot but it cost $24 million to make. Some say it was a flop, however it has garnered a cult following that seems to be timeless, with many a diehard boater quoting words of wisdom from the infamous Captain Ron. Let’s delve into a few of these hidden pearls (in no particular order). Captain Ron: “The best way to find out is to get her out on the ocean Kitty, if anything’s gonna happen, it’s gonna happen out there.” This is one of the most honest-to-God truths in boating. This may also be the most often-quoted line from the movie, though there are several. Now let’s dissect this a bit and see what knowledge we can extract from it. All too often, boats are bought with grand ideas of sailing the ocean blue and going on grand adventures, but in the end, many stay tied to the dock. No grand adventure was ever had by sitting on the living room couch, so in this regard, if an adventure is going to be had, it will be had out there. On the other end of the spectrum, boats sometimes leave the dock that never should. Either for mechanical reasons or the owner’s lack of experience, they forge ahead and often need assistance or rescue. But in either regard, the quote is accurate. Martin Harvey: “Slow down! There’re boats all over the place.” Captain Ron: “Don’t worry. They’ll get out of the way. I learned that driving the Saratoga.” Once again, often quoted and sometimes unfortunately sometimes taken to heart. There’s another way of putting it that’s referred to as the rule of gross tonnage, meaning I’m bigger than you and you will get out of my way. Though I think sometimes that’s also translated to, “I’m more important than you.” As a professional mariner I am constantly vigilant and on
the lookout for vessels around me, from kayaks to container ships. If you have this particular Captain Ron mindset, please reevaluate who the hell you are. Your pursuit of boating happiness doesn’t supersede mine or anyone else’s. Captain Ron: “Stay on the path boss, there’s guerillas in these woods.” One of the most hilarious exchanges between Captain Ron and Martin Harvey. This is a great example of the difference between what’s being said and what’s being heard. Communications and timing are two of the greatest things I carried from the Army into my civilian life. Although Ron is trying to warn his boss there are guerillas, as in freedom fighters, in the area, Martin hears the word gorillas and goes off on the fact that gorillas are not native to the Caribbean. In boating, especially when it comes to safety, be sure what you think you’re hearing, is actually what you’re hearing. Captain Ron: “A diesel loves her oil same as a sailor loves rum.” Martin Harvey: “Why is that Captain Ron?” Captain Ron: “Nobody Knows.” Take away? Maintenance is paramount! So, there you have but just a few quotes and hopefully I’ve brought a smile to your face, or piqued your interest in this wholesome family-friendly movie. Be spontaneous (when you have time) and give it a watch for more great boating wisdom! Till our wakes cross again, peace and love and shrimp and grits. I’ll see you on the water!
Email: TheOriginalCaptainGator@gmail.com 30
Southern Tides Magazine
September 2021
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