SPAN OF EV"ENTS The twin circles, above, herald the shape of things to come. At left is the twenty-storey high ((sky-bubble" that houses the American Pavilion at Expo 67, the international fair in Montreal marking the hundredth anniversary of Canada's birth as a nation. For all its great size, this dome-shapedpavilion seems as light and iridescent as a soap bubble that has just made a gentle landing. Its designer is American architect R. Buckminster Fuller who created the dome as an architectural innovation. The ((sky-bubble" design has the virtue of giving the visitor all the beauty of the outdoors with none of its discomforts. The dome is covered with a plastic that (breathes' and shields the interior from the unpleasant effects of wind and rain, dust and glare. The ((sky-bubble" amplifies Expo 67's theme of(( Man and His World." It is a prototype of an advanced concept of an ((environmental valve" which can be used as a dwelling in inhospitable polar regions, and may conceivably be the forerunner of human habitations on the moon. This decade of spectacular space achievements is expected to be climaxed by the landing of man on the moon. The photo-diagram of the moon, above right, shows the eight most likely sites where U.S. astronauts could land. These sites were selected after detailed photographic studies made by the second and third Lunar Orbiter spacecraft which dipped as close as twenty-jive miles of the moon's sU/1acefor this mission.
Liu Shao-chi, Mao's chief opponent
Teng Hsiao-ping, another leading opponent
Chou En-Iai, Premier, ranks No.3
Chiang Ching, wife of Mao Tse-tung
Chen Yi, Foreign Minister
Un Piao, Mao's Uheir apparent"
Kang Sheng, Chen Po-ta, leading theoretician
Tao Chu, ex-Chief of Propaganda
adviser, "cuI/ural" group
The "experts" may eventually succeed in insisting that the Peking regime move in new directions, towards more rational and moderate policies.
change its character. On the other side, there has been a steady rise in the number of persons at all levels of the regime, who, after struggling for years with the practical problems of administration and development, have a more pragmatic and less dogmatically ideological approach. These men include economic administrators, technical bureaucrats and specialists who tend to be sceptical of visionary "upsurges." They seem to recognize that effective management, scientific and technical skills and economic incentives are required for success, and that organizational mobilization and ideological indoctrination are not enough. In many respects, the current mixture of policies is not a stable one. Mao's successors will face difficult policy choices. Should Communist China intensify its efforts at political and ideological mobilization and then, despite all difficulties, gird itself for more leaps forward in development? Or should the regime come to terms with its enormous problems and difficulties, which by now are fairly clear, and adjust to changing social conditions and attitudes in th~ country? Should it formulate long-term policies that stress steady agricultural growth, population control and industrialization of a more balanced sort at a more realistic rate? Should it stress scientific and technical competence and increased material incentives for the population? Should it also change its posture abroad, adopt-ing policies that would place less strain on scarce resources and might help build relationships with other nations that, indirectly or directly, would provide support for China's domestic-development programme? There are now many people in China, including some top party leaders, who would answer "yes" to these questions and favour new policies. The dilemmas in the economic field are really one part of an even more fundamental question that relates to virtually every aspect of society and is crucial to future developments in China. The Chinese Communists, with their genius for coining slogans, have summed this up as the "Red and expert" problem. That aim has been to create a new generation that would be both "Red and expert," that is, both ideologically-motivated and loyal to the revolution as well as technically proficient and capable of performing the complex, specialized tasks required in a modernizing
society. But faced with a choice, Mao and those closest to him clearly prefer "Reds" to "experts." They have a deep and well-justified apprehension that specialization and technical expertness will undermine the commitment to ideological dogma they believe essential to continuing their revolution. The Red Guards are Mao's latest, and perhaps last, weapon for making China really "Red." Already, there has been a growing dichotomy between "Reds" and "experts" throughout the soCiety, and the differences between them can be expected to sharpen. This situation has created significant tensions between the men running the party apparatus and key social groups-including professional military leaders, the intellectuals and the economic managers. Differences between "Reds" and "experts" have steadily grown even within the party itself. The irony is that the process of modernization requires, and tends to create, specialists who value professional competence over ideological commitment and favour policies that the present top leaders condemn as "revisionist." In the Chinese Communist military establishment, "politics is in command," but the pressures to emphasize professional competence and reduce ideological and political controls can be expected to grow. Elsewhere, large numbers of China's intellectuals have stubbornly resisted the party's efforts to make "redness" more important than "expertness." Right now, the intellectuals are submissive, under tightened political controls, but they will continue to resist "thought reform." In the nation's industrial establishment, two years ago, political ~ommissars were appointed within all economic organizations to ensure party control, but the "experts" can be expected to demand, in the name of efficiency, less direct interference by the party-designated "Reds" assigned to control them. Today, the "Reds" are clearly in the ascendancy. They are trying to ensure that Mao's dogmas and prescriptions for the future will continue to prevail after his death. The frenetic quality of much of what the Red Guards are doing reflects, however, the leaders' justified apprehension that they may be fighting a losing battle. What they fear is that, in the conflicts between competing forces that are sure to come after Mao's death, the "experts" may ultimately be successful in insisting the Peking regime come to terms with reality and move in new directions, towards more rational and moderate policies. If one looks beyond the current period of intensified revolutionary struggle to thepost-Mao period, it seems possible that what the "Reds" fear may actually occur. The rest of the world can only hope that it will.
The beauty a/Greco-Roman sculpture is conveyed to a hlind student at the North Carolina Museum of Art as she "sees" by touch a second-century figure of the wine god Bacchus, left. The sensitive hands of a blind girl find the slot in the back of a small metal horse, which she identifies as an antique bank. The impressions of blind pupils are amazingly accurate.
it inpolicies that will bring them strength and prosperity. Obviously) therefore, all nation-states are not alike in their origin or purpose and each must fulfil its destiny in its own way. The nation-state) as it is) has been created historically by all variety of individuals-the statesman) the martyr) the explorer) the buccaneer) the imperialist, the adventurer) the entrepreneur) the thinker, the scientist, the historian) the poet. They sometimes worked in unison, sometimes in conflict and made their own unique contributions to the emergence of the total product. Some of them, like Abraham Lincoln, compelled the state. to accept and serve moral ends; some twisted moral ends to fit into the straitjacket of the state interests; some considered moral ends to be irrelevant in the pursuit of the interests of the state. They have all left their impress on the composite character of the nation-state. Your own history like ours has been rich in such men and both you and we have admired and continue to admire many of them) partic-
ularly those who blazed new trails or added new dimensions to national life. But, curiously, in every advanced and prosperous nation-state, it has so happened that a whole system of thought and organization and patterns of behaviour have been built up which the bulk of the citizens must accept without question, whatever the implied cost. I do not deny that) in a democracy at least) the right of dissent is respected in theory and sometimes also in practice. But for most individuals it is difficult to exercise it) because all the elaborate paraphernalia of rewards and penalties) the power of big organizations) the effect of the tremendous mass media work in the opposite direction. And the ordinary individual often lacks the intellectual and moral courage to assert himself successfully against the odds arrayed on the other side. Yet we have to remember that this individual is not a mere continued
atom in the universe. He is symbolic of humanity itself-its hopes and dreams and aspirations.
future
Will democracy remain safe if the individual loses the capacity to conceive of himself as something more than an anonymous unit of a mass, and is not trained and prepared to shoulder the responsibility of battling with his own creations and, if I may say so, even with historic forces on behalf of a more humane and civilized social order? It is for educators to answer this question, to decide whether they will assume leadership or trail behind any developments that take place under stress of external forces. We know that education can be imparted only under the conditions which exist, but it is also part of the educator's function to labour to change these conditions when necessary and anticipate the future. Discussing the Indian-American relationship as it has developed over the last two decades or longer, Dr. Husain said: The United States exerted perceptible pressure in favour of Indian freedom and, since India attained freedom, it has strengthened Indian democracy by giving it aid in many forms. This is evidence of its deep solicitude for India's welfare. Indians, on their side, have been conscious of a kinship of ideas with the Americans because of a common allegiance to democratic principles and the value of freedom and the co-operative search for peace and justice.
But it is well to recognize that misunderstandings or disagreements do crop up occasionally. On the American side, there is sometimes a resentment that their motives, however generous, should be suspected, though I must confess that in all the countries of the world motives are apt to be mixed. On the Indian side, there are fears of domination, natural in a people who have only recently shaken off colonial rule, and a resentment against any assumptions of superiority, whether it is real or only imaginary. Though democracy is a powerful bond between the two, the might of American industry andfinance is so overwhelming that India could quite understandably feel intimidated even by evidence of generosity! If we wish to remove the causes of misapprehension, we must raise the discussions much above the formal level, political, economic or even educational. Impressive achievements constantly brought into contrast with only the expectations of development to come cannot create a feeling of equality. What can bring us together and keep us together is not an equally high standard of living but an equally high standard of truthfulness to ourselves, of tolerance of ways of life different from our own and the effortless sense of equality as men and women. Then we can stand before God and our conscience, united in humility and the determination to make our lives and actions the expression of an inner striving for perfection.
Dr. Zakir Husain met with officers of the Indian Students Association of the University of Michigan which organized a "I'asant utsav" banquet in his honour. The function was attended hy Indian students and their American friends.
FOR THE ALMOST 200 I ndian students at the University of Michigan, the visit of Dr. Zakir Husain to their campus afforded a rare opportunity to honour a distinguished countryman. The reception held by the university's Indian Students Association for Dr. Husain was attended by students from the University of Detroit, Wayne State University in Detroit, and Michigan State University in East Lansing. Some Indians living as far away as Toledo, Ohio, also made a special trip to Ann Arbor for the occasion. Coinciding as it did with the annual "vasant utsav" festival, the Association's special programme for Dr. Husain was a nostalgic evening -the dinner featured a completely Indian menu and was followed by a concert of Indian music and dance. The warmth of the greeting from the Indian students was measured by the guest of honour's after-dinner remarks. "I am overwhelmed," he said, "by the kind words expressed .... I will be grateful for them always."
Dr. Husain started his remarks with a reference to the legendary Turkish character Nassruddin Khoja who got out of speaking engagements by cancelling them because people either knew or did not wish to know what he was going to say and thus in either case it seemed to be a waste of time. Then, in more serious vein, he spoke of the need for Indian students in the United States to acquire not only great knowledge but also great humility and great desire to be of public service when they return to India. They will face frustrations, he warned, because "you will be going to a country that is poor from a country that is rich." "Don't," he advised them, "go back to your country with an arrogance of knowledge" but with a humility which realizes that the educated man is only a complete man when he puts his knowledge to the service of his country and humanity. Dr. Husain told the students he had confidence they could avoid the frustrations which are bound to develop.
University president Harlan Hatcher told the gathering that about ninety-five nationsarenowrepresented at the institution. He praised "the exceptionally distinguished group which has come to us from India" and added: "Your loyalty and your devotion to your country has never been more identified than it is here tonight." Dr. Husain's busy schedule at the University of Michigan also included attendance at an academic conference on the theme of "Higher Education in Tomorrow's World." The conference, one of the highlights of the university's sesquicentennial celebrations, attracted scholars from many parts of the world. After his two days in Ann Arbor, Dr. Zakir Husain spent a day in New York during which he took time out to visit an exhibition of paintings by Indian artist M.F. Husain. At the gallery he had a meeting with Mrs. Welthy Fisher, the founder of Literacy Village in Lucknow. Throughout his U.S. visit, Dr. Husain was accompanied by Mr. B.K. Nehru, Indian Ambassador to the U.S. END
President Johnson's congratulatory message I extend hearty congratulations and lvarm best wishes on your election to the Presidency of the Republic of India. May you long continue to serve India with the devotion and distinction which have marked your career. I hope that together we may share the satisfaction of watching the continued growth of affection and fruitful co-operation between the peoples of our two great democracies.
The language of dance DURING HER first recital in New York more than three decades ago Pauline Koner featured what she now admits was "a very bad imitation of an Indian dance." Since then the American dancer-choreographer has seen numerous performances of Indian dance and has had many opportunities to study the art more closely. She feels that American modem dance has been strongly influenced by the dance of India and the East, particularly in the use of gesture. "For some unknown reason," says Miss
Koner, "I find that the poetry and imagery as well as the inner sensitivity of Eastern cultures seem strangely close to me, and there is infinite rapport." This rapport was strengthened during Miss Koner's recent month-long visit to India in the course of a lecture-demonstration tour of several Asian countries. Commenting on one of her New Delhi appearances, the Statesman said: "Miss Kaner is a beautiful dancer, with a superbly trained physique and every limb and gesture under her command."
One of America's leading modern dancers, Pauline Koner started her career in classical ballet, but could not find in it "the idiom for what 1 wanted to say." Her strong feeling for Eastern dance forms led to an extended association with the Japanese dancer Michio Ito. Later she visited Cairo to study Egyptian dance and history. For fifteen years she was guest artist with Jose Limon's dance group. When the celebrated Russian choreographer Michel Fokine first saw Miss Koner perform, he exclaimed: "In her, the soul dances!"
Her poems emphasize such virtues as self-reliance, courage, humility, frankness and the love of freedom.
I, too. dislike it: there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle. Reading it, however, with a perfect contempt for it, one discovers in it afier all, a place for the genuine. Hands that can grasp, eyes that can dilate, hair that can rise if it must, these things are important not because a high-sounding interpretation can be put upon them but because they are useful. When they become so derivative as to become unintelligible, the same thing may be said for all of us, that we do not admire what we cannot understand: the bat holding on upside down or in quest of something to eat, elephants pushing, a wild horse taking a roll, a tireless wolf under a tree, the immovable critic twitching his skin like a horse that feels a flea, the. baseballfan, the statisticiannor is it valid to discriminate against 'business documents and school-books'; all these phenomena are important. One must make a distinction however: when dragged into prominence by halfpoets, the result is not poetry, nor till the poets among us can be 'literalists of the imagination' -above insolence and triviality and can present for inspection, 'imaginary gardens with-real toads in them', shall we have it. In the meantime, if you demand on the one hand, the raw material of poetry in all its rawness and that which is on the other hand genuine, you are interested in poetry.
From Collected Poems by Marianne Moore
1941; To a Snail, Silence
Moore, published by the Macmillan
and Poetry
Š
Miss Moore
Co. What Are
1935; Miss Moore
Years? Š Miss
and T.S. Eliot 1963.
the team's defection, she replied, "Oh my, no! The Dodgers are still my favourites, and I can scarcely take my eyes off the game, which r watch on television usually, rather than from a seat in the stands." On the opening day of the World Series of 1956, when the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Yankees were competing for the championship, she published a poem of encouragement to her favourite team in the New York Herald Tribune.
Miss Moore enthusiastically embraces the scientific and technological advances of modern society. An admitted perfectionist and an avowed naturalist, she does not find that an admiration for the precision of science and technology precludes a belief in God. "Mystical belief which is not unthinking belief seems to find that science does not discredit the supernatural but reinforces it," she said in reply to a questionnaire on religion from the editors of the literary journal partisan Review. "That is to say, we see that reverence for science and reverence for the soul can interact." Fundamentally, her metaphysics is that of a Protestant who trusts in the light of God and who feels that one may communicate with Him directly, by looking within. Her major concern is with the moral life of the individual, with the conscience of man as he works to achieve an identity and a responsible adjustment to the circumstances, accidents and pressures of the world around him. For Miss Moore the essence of the human task is to act in full awareness of God's presence everywhere. In view of Miss Moore's philosophical commitment to individualism, it is not surprising that her poems emphasize such virtues as self-reliance, courage, humility, frankness and love of freedom. The animals in her extraordinary bestiary-neither Aesop nor La Fontaine knew so many of them .or knew them so intimately-serve to emphasize these virtues, and especially freedom, for, as a liberal Protestant, she believes that God created man in His own image and left him free to choose between good and evil. In Miss Moore's universe both man and animal have a measure of independence from their environment; they choose roads and assume responsibilities. They are not in any sense helpless before God or nature. Freedom is the subject of one of her best poems, "The Jerboa." In this poem the sterile and decadent opulence of the Roman and Egyptian empires is contrasted with the free life of the jerboa, the Sahara field-mouse, which "lives without water" and "has happi-
Her narrative passages are as vivid. Here is her account of a basilisk dropping into a river: "his quicksilver ferocity quenched in the rustle of his fall into the sheath which is the shattering sudden splash that marks his temporary loss."
But her greatest descriptive triumphs are her images of colour. She senses the colour of the sea as: "a sea the purple of the peacock's neck is paled to greenish azure as Durer changed the pine green of the Tyrol to peacock blue and guinea grey."
Her description of the colour and 'shape of the camellia is incredibly exact: "Camellia Sabina with amanita-white petals; there are several of her
MISS MOORE expresses her ideas and achieves her effects with a poetic technique that is so fresh and individual that it calls. for description. One must say, first of all, that she does not work in the traditional acCentual-syllabic metrical system that dates back to Chaucer and has been used by such distinguished poets as Shakespeare, Milton, Blake and Keats. In that system the fundamental unit is the verse line, which is divided into a specific number of metrical feet such as iambs or trochees or anapests. Miss Moore avoids such fixity; she has a feeling not for the line but, rather, for the stanza. Her rhythms are organic; she believesthat "the form is the outward equivalent of a determining inner conviction and that rhythm is the person." Her long, complex sentences move in stately procession from line to line as they encompass her subject. It is a movement that differs from prose rhythm only in occasional structural repetition of clauses and phrases: thus a string of "when," "if," or "that" clauses or a series of phrases beginning with a preposition such as "for" achieves a music somewhat more regular than one would find in a passage of prose. Miss Moore describes her method in these terms: "With regard to the technique, a poem, I feel, is a continuity like a water-fall or the performance of a bird in the air. I think of the stanza as the unit rather than the line, and sometimes divide a word at the end of a line, relying on the general straightforward movement to counteract an effect of unnaturalness;
are content to preserve the meaning alone! In her critical essays, Miss Moore is as meticulous and judicious as she is in her poetry, preferring to praise rather than to attack; Images like these flower in abundance in Miss she does not discuss writers whom she conMoore's pages, each of them an exact report, siders unworthy of notice. Her method is imeach of them held in miraculous suspension pressionistic and aphoristic, and she honours by the poet's art. her subjects by quoting from them liberally. In addition to her own poems, Miss Moore Miss Moore's influence on contemporary is famous for her translations from La American poetry is pervasive; the example of Fontaine, the seventeenth-century French her intellectual curiosity and perseverance fabulist who had as lively an interest in morals and her stress on the value of concentrated as she has. She worked for more than eight thinking and feeling in poetry have had a years on these translations (from about 1945 salutary effect on other poets. But, because to 1954), retaining the syllabic system of the her technique is so distinctive, so recognizably original and demonstrating extraordinary vir- her own, few poets have imitated her directly. tuosity in suggesting the sound of the rhymes Marianne Moore's position in twentieth in the French original. Thus "sommes" in the century American poetry is clear. As part of original is echoed in the word "theme" in the a generation that produced T.S. Eliot, Ezra translation; "morceau" in "blow." This prac- Pound, William Carlos Williams, Wallace tice makes for rhyme effects roughly similar Stevens and E.E. Cummings, she ranks among to the sound of the original. Most translators the very best. pale pinwheels, and pale stripe that looks as !f on a mushroom the sliver from a beet-root carved into a rose were laid."
but certainly nothing is gained if naturalness is lost; anything that diverts attention from content to method, is a risk." Miss Moore is probably indebted for her conception of organiC rhythm to the freeverse experimenters of the 1910s and 1920s, when she achieved poetic maturity, but she rarely writes "free verse." Rather, she writes syllabic verse, like the French poets; she counts the syllables in her lines and stanzas. Her stanzas contain an identical number of syllables, and the lines within each stanza contain the same number of syllables as the corresponding lines in every other stanza. This passage from "The Jerboa" illustrates the subtle harmonies of her method:
now as the Popes', passed for art. A huge cast bronze, dwarfing the peacock statue in the garden of the Vatican, it looks like a work of art made to give to a Pompey, or native of Thebes.
It is unimportant, in Miss Moore's scheme, where the accents fall, but there is some feeling of the traditional metrical line, nevertheless, so that a measure of emphasis is achieved at the beginning of a line, especially if there has been a build-up in the preceding line, and at the end of a line, where auditory stress normally gets visual reinforcement. The quoted stanzas also illustrate the poet's handling of rhyme. The rhyme scheme is aabcdd, maintained (with an occasional deviation) throughout the twenty-six stanzas of the poem and reinforced with a great deal of assonance, alliteration, and internal rhyme, some of it unaccented, which set up a series of chimes and echoes in harmony with the end-rhymes. In the first stanza, for example, there is a running consonantal rhyme in n, alliteration in the phrase "contrive¡a cone," and unaccented internal rhyme in the words "Roman" and "an." In the second stanza there is a pleasing linkage of the words "cast," "peacock," and "Vatican" by means of the sound k and, in the case of the words "cast" and "Vatican," the vowel a. A notable feature of Miss Moore's rhyming is the light or inconspicuous rhyme, evident not only in the internal rhyme already mentioned but also in the end-rhymes "an" and '.'freedman" in the first stanza. With such light rhymes she achieves un insistent sound effects.
The lines of these stanzas and of the remaining twenty-four stanzas of the poem are arranged according to the following pattern of syllables: five, five, six, eleven, ten, seven.
At 79, Marianne Moore is active and intellectually vigorous. Photo by Henri Cartier-Bresson.
A Roman had an artist, a freedman, contrive a cone-pine-cone or fir-cone-with holes for a fountain. Placed on the Prison of St. Angelo, this cone of the Pompeys which is known
Sowing seeds of prosperity India must build up a network of extension services to carry the results
~f research to the farm. The U.P. Agricultural University shows the way.
"I HAD TRIED potatoes for three years, but never could produce over seventy maunds per acre," said Devi Dayal. "Last year, however,with the help of extension specialists of U.P. Agricultural University (UPAU), I harvested more than 340 maunds." Devi Dayal, a farmer of Deoria in Uttar Pradesh, first learnt of UPA U extension work from a signboard placed along the roadside near his village. The board read: "HybridMaize Demonstration Plot of Ramesh Gupta, two furlongs from here. Increased Food Production Is Our Goal-UPAU." He visited the plot where Ramesh Gupta told him how with hybrid seed and fertilizers .. he had been able to raise a healthy maize crop. Devi Dayal was completely converted by harvest time, for now the extension workers were able to point out to him and other visit-. ing farmers the gains in concrete terms of maunds and rupees. The plot yielded sixty maunds of maize per acre whereas the best yieldwith local seed seldom exceeded eighteen maunds. Devi Dayal needed no more convincing and the assistance of UP AU resulted in his bumper potato crop. There are now thousands of farmers like Devi Dayal who are successfully cultivating the bulk of their acreage with hybrid seeds and employing farm practices recommended by UPAU. The extension service is a very important branch of the university's activities. For research conducted in its laboratories and knowledge acquired in the classrooms are of little avail unless they are applied to the field and benefit the actual tillers. The extension service not only brings science to the farms but also brings farmers to the university to¡ learn about the latest methods of production. Once the farmer's co-operation has been enlisted, his rich green fields have a multiplier effect. When neighbouring farmers see one of their own men benefiting from the new techniques and obtaining increased yieldswhich till yester-year were no better than theirs-they know that they too can have bountiful crops. Their success, in turn, influences others, and a chain reaction sets in. It needed, of course, a good deal of patience and sustained, tireless effort by extension workers before the farmers, mostly
illiterate, could be persuaded to give up traditional ways of farming. Gradually, however, under the dynamic leadership of Dr. S.S. Singh, head of the Extension Department, UPAU's extension workers-helpful, sympathetic and ever willing to demonstrate-have succeeded in weaning hundreds of farmers away from outmoded, orthodox practices. In this task, they received valuable guidance from Prof. Edwin Bay who has been with UP AU since 1963. An extension specialist, Prof. Bay is a member of the advisory team from the University of Illinois which collaporates with UP AU in its various activities. Encouraged by the success of the extension programme, Prof. Bay helped set up in 1964 two projects-"Agronomic Demonstrations" and a "Soil Testing Laboratory"-with the joint participation of Illinois University and the U.S. Government. The first project aimed at conducting crop production demonstrations on a more ambitious scale and the second sought to make soil tests for farmers so that the right quantities of ll1;1trients would be applied to different soils and crops. More than 40,000 farmers have benefited from the "Agronomic Demonstrations" project since its inception in 1964. By1966, the success of the programme had been established. This was borne out in July last year when Dr. Singh and Prof. Bay visited Bazpur village to observe a UPA U extension worker set up several hybrid maize demonstration plots. To their gratification, they found that most farmers of the area were already using hybrid varieties. Reviewing the results of the programme during the four years he has been with UPAU, Prof. Bay considers that extension work, undertaken on a much larger scale and pursued vigorously, can go a long way in achieving India's goal of self-sufficiency in foodgrains. It is to be hoped that the success achieved in Uttar Pradesh will prove a stimulus to the speedy build-up of a network of agricultural END extension services throughout India. Huge piles of potatoes present dramatic evidence of what the improved seeds, proper irrigation and other farming methods call do to increase yields:
DR. G. S. SIROHI AT SOUTH POLE