Transition To Modified Binders in Developing Countries
Kuwait Asphalt Conference 2012 12-13 December 2012 ASPHALT: Smoother. Faster. Smarter
N. Khalil, Ph.D. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Balamand, TripoliLebanon
More than 90% of Paved Roads are Covered with Asphalt Easily built, Smooth, Quiet, Safe, Recyclable Should last long
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The Transition to a Performance Grading System for Asphalt Binders in LEBANON JOINT EFFORT: NARIMAN KHALIL, UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND, LEBANON
HUSSAIN BAHIA, NORTH AMERICA, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, MADISON, USA.
The Global Picture 5
Performance Grading in North
America
Superpave-Started in 1993, implemented in 1996 2004 Superpave(Plus) –more complex
CEN Norms in Europe Started in 1990, first draft in 2000 EU standardization on-going In many developing countries Traditional tests are used –outdated Developments impose high demand on roads N. Khalil
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SUPERPave in the World 6
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SUPERPave in Lebanon 7
ASPHALT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION Lebanon is not a bitumen-producer country
Lebanese Ministry of Energy and Water- the General
Directory of Petroleum Three major companies import asphalt Samples taken directly from the shipping tanks The source was the Alexandria refinery in Egypt
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ASPHALT MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION 8
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Collected bitumen samples were sent to the University of
Wisconsin-Madison for a comprehensive rheological testing The measured rheological properties were utilized to grade the bitumen samples according to Superpave specifications Performance grade of the asphalt sample is PG 64-16 Penetration Grading 60/70
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Summary of grading and physical testing results. 10 Rotational Viscosity Pa.s @135 ºC
G*/sin
δ, kPa
@64 ºC @70 ºC True Grade
Penetration, dmm
Original Binder 60-70 Pen Grade 0.46 1.25 0.57 66.18 65 RTFO
G*/sin
δ, kPa
@64 ºC @70 ºC True Grade
Penetration , dmm
3.97 1.75 68.81 35 PAV
G*. sin δ, kPa Creep Stiffness, MPa
Slop m-value
Direct tension Max. strain,% Max. stress, MPa Penetration, dmm N. Khalil
@28 ºC @25 ºC @-6 ºC @-12 ºC True Grade @-6 ºC @-12 ºC True Grade
4146 6548 154 318 -11.35 0.35 0.28 -10.44 @-12 ºC
0.21 1.09 16
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Comparison of Measured and Estimated Properties: 11
ď Ž Direct implementation of Superpave approach
Directly measured performance-related properties
Expensive and complex equipment ď Ž Out of reach of many pavement engineers and road
authorities Could they be estimated? N. Khalil
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Comparison of Measured and Estimated Properties: 12
BANDS is one of the Shell Pavement Design software
packages BANDS was used to estimate the rheological
properties The comparison is done at different performance
stages, under the same temperature and loading time conditions.
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Comparison of Measured and Estimated Properties: Original Binder
G*
estimated,
(G*/sin
@64 ºC
1.28 (1.25)
@70 ºC
0.58 (0.57)
δ, Measured) kPa
RTFO @64 ºC
2.98 (3.97)
@70 ºC
1.37 (1.75)
G*/sin δ, kPa
PAV
G*.
@28 ºC
6,900 (4146)
@25 ºC
10,333 (6548)
@-6 ºC
106 (154)
@-12 ºC
213 (318)
sin δ, kPa
Creep Stiffness, MPa
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WEATHER DATA 14
Meteorological Authority in Beirut Airport During the civil war: No Record Except Arz Station In year 2000: 40 New Weather Stations Installed Fourteen reporting weather stations were selected
Maximum and Minimum Daily Air Temperature
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WEATHER DATA 16
For each year, average maximum air temperature for
hottest seven-day period The mean and standard deviation for all the years of operation
Similarly, One-day minimum air temperature of each year Mean and standard deviation of all the years of record
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Average minimum and seven-day maximum air temperature at different weather stations. Station Beirut Tripoli Zahle Al Qaa Kfar Chakhna Deir El- Ahmar Les Cedres Sour Quaraoun Sir El-Dinnyeh Baysour Dahr El-Baidar Quartaba Qoubayat
7-day Maximum Temperature (ยบC)
Minimum temperature (ยบC)
Mean*
Std.*
98% Rel.**
Mean*
Std.*
98% Rel.
32.5
1.2
34.3
5.9
1.5
3.0
30.0
1.0
33.3
1.9
1.7
-0.0
38.5
1.6
40.6
-2.6
2.6
-7.5
39.3
0.4
40.1
-2.7
1.1
-4.3
34.6
2.2
38.1
2.1
1.9
-1.5
39.2
1.1
40.5
-7.4
2.2
-11.0
28.6
2.7
33.0
-12.1
1.8
-15.1
35.3
2.4
38.7
3.6
2.1
-1.4
36.1
1.9
39.2
-1.2
1.3
-3.7
33.4
1.4
35.2
-1.2
1.4
-4.4
32.9
2.8
37.6
0.6
2.7
-4.0
29.2
2
32.5
-5.9
1.4
-9.0
30.5
1.6
33.8
-1.6
2.2
-6.2
33.9
1.3
36.5
2.3
1.7
-1.2
*Mean: mean air temperature Std.: standard deviation of temperature ** 98% Rel.: calculated air temperature at 98% reliability. N. Khalil
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CONVERT TO PAVEMENT TEMPERATURE 18
Superpave pavement temperature predictions algorithms were used to convert the obtained air temperatures into pavement temperatures at 98% reliability level. The maximum pavement design temperature: at depth 20 mm below the pavement surface, The minimum design temperature: at the pavement surface.
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CONTOURE MAPS 19
ď‚— Contour maps for both the minimum temperature and/or the average maximum consecutive seven-day pavement temperature were developed
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DESIGN GRADES 21
ď‚—Based on those contour maps, three bitumen performance grades (PG) are recommended:
PG 70 - 4 PG 70 - 10 PG 64 - 16 N. Khalil
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Methods of Grade Selection 23
Select base grade based upon:
Geographic Area Air Temperature Pavement Temperature Adjust base grade based upon:
Traffic Speed Traffic Volume
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Modification Using Polymers 24
The following modifiers were used
LSBS, ELV 4170 Polyphosphoric acid PPA CBE (2%)
The Egyptian binder was a PG64-16, after modification the PG was 70-16
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Modification Using Polymers Sample Composition Lebanon(Egypt binder) LSBS Elvaloy PPA CBE7686 Total
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A
B
C
D
E
100
100 2
100
100
100
0.5 1 2 100
25
102 100.05 101
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Modification Using Polymers Test Results
A
B
C
D
E
0.900
0.875
0.775
0.450
31
29
30
30
29
Softening point
44.8
51.000
50.3
51.2
51.100
G*/sinδ 64⁰C, kPa
1.34
G*/sinδ 70⁰C, kPa
0.63
1.82
1.32
1.84
1.56
0.96
0.71
0.9
0.9
75.7
73.1
75.3
75.1
Brookfield,135 Pa.s Penetration
G*/sinδ 76⁰C, kPa G*/sinδ 82⁰C, kPa Pass/ Fail Temp
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Modification Using Polymers
RTFO Residue
A
G*/sinδ 64⁰C,kPa
3.97
G*/sinδ 70⁰C,kPa
1.75
G*/sinδ 76⁰C,kPa
B
C
3.92
3.37
2.00
1.78
G*/sinδ 82⁰C,kPa
Pass/ Fail Temp
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E
3.31 3.64
1.77
1.65
68.8
75.4
27
74.4
80.3
74.3
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Modification Using Polymers PAV Residue A G*sinδ 25⁰C,kPa 6548 G*sinδ 28⁰C,kPa 4146 Pass/ Fail Temp 26.7 Stiffness, -6⁰C, MPa 154 m-value, -6⁰C, MPa 0.360 Stiffness, -12⁰C, MPa 318 m-value, -12⁰C, MPa 0.280 Pass/ Fail Temp -10.2
B 6919 4427 27.3 140 0.339 338 0.286 -9.8
C 7137 4620 27.5 160 0.360 381 0.282 -10.5
D 6062 4243 26.8 127 0.359 305 0.300 -11.9
E 6326 4230 26.9 163 0.372 360 0.291 -10.2
Actual True grade 66.9-20.2 75.4-19.8 73.1-20.5 75.3-21.9 74.3-20.2
PG
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70-16
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70-16
70-16
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CONCLUDING REMARKS 29
ď ľ The major components of the superior performance asphalt pavement (SUPERPAVE) system in Lebanon have been identified and established.
ď ś An approximation procedure for estimating the rheological performance-related properties without the need for expensive testing equipments and using the conventional asphalt tests is presented and verified against measured experimental values
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CONCLUDING REMARKS 30
ď ˇ For the first time pavement design temperature map has been produced for the country of Lebanon. Continuous data recording over a longer period of time is necessary to confirm the results.
ď ¸ Information on traffic volumes and traffic speed is required to select the proper grade for a given highway.
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CONCLUDING REMARKS 31
The Egyptian binder was a PG64-16, after modification the PG was 70-16
Polymer modifiers are completely dispersed in the asphalt and causes changes in the molecular structure resulting in more homogeneous binder. Polymer modifiers cause favorable changes in rigidity and secondary changes in elasticity.
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FUTUER WORK Lebanon Road Network
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FUTUER WORK
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FUTUER WORK
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UOB Constructing a State-of-the-Art Bitumen Rheology Laboratory 35
DSR N. Khalil
RV Kuwait, 12-13 Dec., 2012
UOB Constructing a State-of-the-Art Bitumen Rheology Laboratory 36 Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) BUDGET REQUIRED $200,000 DONATION!!!
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ONGOING RESEARCH 37
IMPROVEMENT OF ASPHALT FOR AGING BY USING CRUMB RUBBER TIRES
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First Meeting And Technical Conference of The Middle East Society of Asphalt Technologists MESAT 2010 BEIRUT – LEBANON
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Middle East Society of Asphalt Technologists MESAT 39
MESAT is an association of academics, practitioners and managers of asphalt roads serving as a technical forum to share knowledge and develop effective methods for the delivery and maintenance of asphalt roads in the Middle East. MESAT enjoys close ties with asphalt researchers in North America and Europe and is, thus, part of a global network of scientific societies working to create an environmentally friendly and sustainable asphalt road infrastructure.
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www.mesat.org 40
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Middle East Society of Asphalt Technologists 41
Objectives of MESAT Foster sharing of scientific and engineering knowledge about asphalt materials and roads. Offer timely and easily accessible technical information about asphalts via the internet and proceedings of periodic technical conferences. Coordinate a biannual symposium to present peer-reviewed technical papers, training workshops and exhibitions of asphalt testing and construction equipment manufacturers.
Advocate the best practices in the research, publication and building of asphalt roads. Bridge the gap between research and practice.
Communicate and share experiences with other asphalt technology associations around the world.
www.mesat.org N. Khalil
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2nd MESAT Conference on
Sustainable Asphalt Pavements in the Middle East
American University of Sharjah United Arab Emirates
February 5-7, 2013 Following the success of the 1st MESAT Conference in July 2010 in Beirut, Lebanon, it is our pleasure to invite you to the 2nd MESAT to be held at the American University of Sharjah. The Conference is actively soliciting abstracts at this time. Papers concerning all aspect of asphalt pavement design, materials, and construction will be considered. All papers presented at the conference will be published proceeding.
Organized By:
Sponsors: University of Nevada – Reno, USA University of Wisconsin – Madison, USA Sharif University of Technology – Tehran, Iran
Conference Themes Bitumen binder production, grading and modification Asphalt mixture design Pavement analysis and design methods Maintenance and rehabilitation of asphalt pavements Modeling and pavement performance prediction.
End Thank you
Questions!
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