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Volume 4, Issue 2
THE SRAC JOURNAL
September 2008
Volume 4, Issue 2
THE SRAC JOURNAL THE REGION’S ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
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H ISTORICAL R ESOURCE
ELLSWORTH COWLES, HISTORIAN AND MUCH MORE BY DICK COWLES, DIRECTOR OF ARCHAEOLOGY/CURATION WITH AN AFTERWORD BY TED KEIR, CHAIRMAN
Ellsworth Cowles
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Man Mound Commemoration
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Very Special Thank You
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Area Student's Senior Project
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George Catlin: Artist, Writer…..
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SRAC in Local Schools
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SRAC Around the Community
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Drumbeats Through Time 2008
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Wampum & Beadwork Roundup
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Revolutionary Double Feature
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Orlandini Book Available
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Thank You Tom!
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An Incredible Membership
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Special Thanks
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Sponsorship Form
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SRAC Collections Grow
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now! nline o C SRA o to Join g/join G er.or t n e C .SRA day! www to
• Our Vision The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies (S.R.A.C.) is dedicated to education, research and preservation of the Native American archaeological, cultural and historical assets of the Twin Tier Region of Northeastern PA and Southern NY.
BOARD
For Mr. Cowles, life started n a farm near Waverly, NY, in 1897. This rural setting provided a wealth of outlets for his active youthful curiosity. Thus nurtured in youth, his curiosity continued to grow throughout his life, leading him to gain extensive knowledge in many areas. As a boy he became fascinated with some Indian artifacts found in an apple orchard. This fascination would lead to thousands of hours spent working with local and regional archaeologists and historians. Mr. Cowles became known throughout the northeast for major archaeological digs, including the Spanish Hill site in south Waverly, PA, the Merrill Cottage site Sayre, PA, the Brennan and Murray farm sites in Athens, PA, the Dann site in Erwin, and the Frank Wood Ellsworth and son, Dick Cowles 1933 farm site at Lake Lamoka. Here in 1922 he became convinced of the unusual significance of the site on the shores of Lake Lamoka (Continued on page 2)
MAN MOUND COMMEMORATION EVENT BY DEB TWIGG, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, SRAC In July 2008, I received a letter in the mail that was an invitation to participate in a ceremony commemorating the last known Man Mound, by the Sauk County Historical Society, in Wisconsin. Saturday, August 9th, 2008 was officially declared to be "Man Mound Day" and the event occurred just outside Baraboo, in Greenfield, Sauk County, Wisconsin. Fellow Board member Susan Fogel and I were proud to represent SRAC at this very important event. The Man Mound is a huge effigy mound in the shape of a man with horns. While I am sure it was known for quite a while by locals, the first time that the mound was surveyed was in 1859 by William H. Canfield. Effigy Mounds were
made by a culture referred to as “Fort Ancient.” The Fort Ancient native American culture flourished from 1000-1600 among a people who predominantly inhabited a (Continued on page 4)
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Volume 4, Issue 2
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E L L S WO RT H C OW L E S , H I S T O R I A N (Continued from page 1)
Mr. Ellsworth Cowles
and persuaded NY Sate archaeologist Dr. William Ritchie to launch a professional dig of the site. Richie’s work resulted in the identification of the Lamoka culture, which has become a benchmark study in modern anthropology and won Ritchie state, national and international recognition. He played a key role in saving Spanish Hill from destruction as a borrow pit during construction of Route 17. As an author, he produced The Andaste Trail, The Sullivan Campaign, a History of the First Baptist Church in Painted Post, several articles for the Pennsylvania Archaeology Society Bul-
Volunteers Needed! Like History? SRAC is looking for volunteers to work at our events on some weekends and evenings as well as in our gift shop during the day at 345 Broad Street Waverly. If you are interested in volunteering, please call Deb Twigg at (607) 565-2536!
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letin and two, yet to be published, research works: The History of the Chemung Valley and The Grand Detour. The latter being a new account of the strange two missing years of the French explorer La Salle’s travels, during which he reportedly used the Susquehanna-Chemung waterway to discover the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers. He prepared maps for several other publications. He gave numerous talks and lectures to school children, historical societies, and many other groups. In 1976 as part of the great American bicentennial celebration, codirected and narrated a series of video tapes on the Indian History of the Chemung Valley, Indian Ghost towns of Chemung Valley, and the Sullivan Campaign. These have been used in the schools and on local television programs.
CONT.
All this work with and for the local area was a love and avocation carried alongside an active professional life. Mr. Cowles worked for Curtis Aircraft Corp. in Hammondsport before volunteering in the Air Corps in World War I. Following the war, as member of a militarized Red Cross relief unit in the Balkans, he was decorated by King Alexander of Serbia. Upon returning to “the States,” he worked as a designer with American La France Corporation in Elmira. Then he joined Ingersoll-Rand Company in Painted Post from which he retired in 1962 as chief design engineer in their Portable Compressor Product line. Mr. Cowles married his high school sweetheart, the former Charlotte May Harding of Waverly. They had three children and seven grandchildren.
Mr. Cowles also put together the finest Afterword by Ted Keir personal collection of indigenous In- I was fortunate early in my Native dian artifacts in this area, which was American artifact collecting career, and donated to SRAC in 2006. His exten- developing an extensive educational, sive research on many topics resulted non-profit museum in our home, to in a number of detailed notebooks. In have met Ellsworth Cowles. We be1939 Mr. Cowles founded the Town of came very close friends and over the Erwin Museum, and operated it until years I considered him the most knowl1973. He served as Town of Erwin His- edgeable archaeologist and historian in torian and the assistant curator of the both New York and Pennsylvania. Tioga Point Museum in Athens. In We were able to spend some time to1923 he was one of the founders of the gether at Spanish Hill, the Wildwood Chemung County Historical society. Merrill site and at his home at ReyHis associations include active partici- nolds Ave. in Corning, NY. On one pation in the Corning-Painted Post His- memorable occasion, I took James torical Society, the Sons of the Ameri- Herbstritt from Pennsylvania Historical can Revolution, the New York State Museum Commission and Charles Archaeological Association, Secretary Lucy of Athens, both prominent arof the Society of Pennsylvania Archae- chaeologists who authored many artiology and Scoutmaster of a Boy Scout cles to various publications, to his troop in Elmira. He served on the Corn- home where many questions were ing-Painted Post School Board and asked and opinions given. Cowles was a board member of the Prattsburg Migrant Center. Mr. Cowles also filled various offices in Painted Post’s First Baptist Church and was a past Master of the Montour Masonic Lodge. When Steuben County founded its Hall of Fame he was one of the 37 N. Chemung St., Waverly first five living inductees.
607-565-2861
(Continued on page 3)
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a couple digs and was conbackground with many years working sidered an auon excavations and research was truly thority on the amazing concerning the cultures of Lamoka culture. both states. When several I remember making one sad trip to the historians wrote Cowles home to see Ellsworth and his articles saying wife, following the terrible flooding of Brule never the Chemung River in June 1972, from reached BradHurricane Agnes. Artifacts throughout ford County so the home and garage were a mess, could not possicovered with river mud. A beautiful bly have been Trenches and post molds at the ancient village site discovered by glass covered coffee table in the living the first white Cowles below Spanish Hill in 1933 room, full of some great artifacts ap- man here, I peared to be ruined. Ellsworth had told sent Cowles the stories and requested me there was a small Owasco site in he give his opinion and refute some of of. He and Lou Gore, topographer on his back yard he had kept putting off the false information. I think he took the digs, did the art work for the cover some of the published works as a chal- of several publications. They were reexcavating. sponsible for creating great public inThe Cowles had a cottage at Kolz lenge and I received 23 pages of great terest in further study of Indian tribes Kove on the north end of Waneta Lake historically significant information that once inhabited the Susquehanna which I hope we will be able to publish and once they moved in they liked to and Chemung River valleys. for the public to read and digest. spend the summer there, but several Cowles commented there are people times they would visit friends and famThe Susquehanna River Archaeologiily members in Barton and the valley, that simply have to disagree with his- cal Center is indebted to the entire and he would give me a call from Wav- torical evidence to gain recognition, but Cowles family for all they have contriberly. I enjoyed several letters from the he concluded we need people like that uted in donations, artifact collections, lake country where he had worked on to keep the rest of us on our toes. programs and volunteer labor to make Cowles animal effigy he un- the SRAC a success story. covered at the foot of Spanish Hill with a ryolite blade near 911 Earth the heart became so famous To learn more about Goods for healing self and planet that thousands visited the Spanish Hill, visit 404 N. Main St., Athens, PA 18840 valley from several states. www.spanishhill.com 570-888-3297 Cowles had talent as an artist that many were not aware (Continued from page 2)
A VERY SPECIAL THANK YOU TO RON AND KRIS WENNING! As many have come to realize, SRAC has a wide assortment of historical books in our gift shop; and frankly, more than we could ever afford to stock our shelves with. We do publish some of our own works such as books on Spanish Hill by Deb Twigg, “The Sullivan Campaign” by Ellsworth Cowles and even "Why Sullivan Marched" by Dick Cowles and a few others. We also have some books on consignment from the Bradford County Historical Society and other authors who have spoken at SRAC, such as John Ron and Kris Wenning with Ted at the Wampum Orlandini. But our shelves are stocked far beyond what we could have done with these sources alone. We were blessed to have special friends like Ron and Beadwork Roundup and Kris Wenning, owners of the WennaWoods Publishing, who have donated many books to us over the past year. In addition, they’ve sold books to SRAC at drastically reduced prices! We are honored to have them as SRAC members and supporters, and our lives have been enriched by our friendship. The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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MAN MOUND COMMEMORATION EVENT CONT. (Continued from page 1)
region that stretches from as far as Wisconsin to Kentucky. The Fort Ancient culture was once thought to be an expansion of the Hopewell and or Mississippian cultures, but it is now accepted as an independently developed culture of its own. The Man Mound is 214 feet long and the width at the shoulders is 48 feet. Although I am sure it was a lot higher centuries ago, its highest point is only around 3 feet now. While the Man Mound is quite rare and unique, the effigy mounds of Baraboo Wisconsin took many shapes. It is my experience, after visiting over 100 of these mounds, that the majority represent the thunderbird (sky spirit), the waterspirit (lower world spirit,) and the bear (earth spirit); while a few represent deer, geese, and other animals. The thunderbirds are spirits that were said to rule the heavens, were vicious enemies of the waterspirits, and are pretty easy to identify as they look like a soaring bird with outstretched wings. I must note however that they have been misrepresented as “turkey tracks” on more than one occasion. The bears are also quite easy to identify as they are large quadrupeds without tails. I have actually talked with members of the Ho-Chunk Nation Bear Clan, and they con-
Effigy mound group of thunderbirds, bears, and linear mounds in Iowa
firmed for me that the Bear Clan is responsible for the earth. On the other hand, the waterspirits who controlled the underworld are not as easy to identify because each have their own natural and distinctive form of scaly, four-footed
beasts with horns like an ox, and a tail indefinitely long, but with nearly human faces; but they can take on the form of any animal or human. This becomes a Plaque in front of effigy mounds at Devil’s little easier howlake in Baraboo, Wisconsin. Note the bear ever when you and the “panther” with the elongated tail: understand that the waterspirit feature. the waterspirits keep some identifying feature such as an endless tail, or horns, etc. Interestingly, there are a handful of man mounds that take on human form mixed with the waterspirit. By doing this, they seem to represent a person who may have been powerful in that spirit power. For this reason, I would suggest that the man mounds may have been made to honor a person, as opposed to others shaped like the thunderbirds, bears, or waterspirits; which seem to honor an animal or clan spirit. There were, in fact, a handful of man mounds known to have existed; however, the mound we visited outside of Baraboo is the last one that exists today. Even more interesting to me is that just as the thunderbirds existed as the opposing force to the waterspirits, there seems to be an opposing mound shape to the man mound. I call it the bird man mound. Just as the man mound shows human and waterspirit features, the birdman shows thunderbird and human features. That is, the bird man has an additional feature, human legs.
Man mounds known to have existed in Wisconsin. Image provided by the Sauk County Historical Society
At the time that of European settlement in the late 1830's Sauk County is estimated to have had up to 1,500 Native American Indian effigy mounds. By 1906, a survey by Ar(Continued on page 5)
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MAN MOUND COMMEMORATION EVENT CONT. (Continued from page 4)
low B. Stout reported that there were still 734, and 198 of those remained undisturbed while 300 had already been leveled. Today, only about 100 of these mounds still remain. The Man Mound in Sauk County still exists because of the efforts and foresight of a group of people back in 1907 who bought the Man Mound for what would be the equivalent of $5,000 today. The Man Mound Park was dedicated on August 7th, 1908. The picture below is from that ceremony 100 years ago, and the man with the beard and the hat sitting in the front there is W. H. Canfield.
Comparisons of Wisconsin mounds and Pennsylvania petroglyphs on display at Man Mound Day.
these same shapes of thunderbirds, bears and waterspirits in Pennsylvania, and in more than one place. More specifically, the waterspirit in a distinctive form of a scaly, fourfooted beast with horns like an ox, and a tail indefinitely long, but with nearly human face can be seen in Clarion County at the Parker’s Landing Petroglyphs site surrounded by thunderbirds and even a bird man. In Southern PA there is also evidence of thunderbirds, waterspirits,
Image provided by the Sauk County Historical Society
On August 9, 2008, before and after the 100 year commemoration ceremony, people were invited to look at many displays under a huge tent to the east of the mound. This is where Susan Fogel and I represented SRAC, and where we shared what became a very special and popular bit of information from Pennsylvania. Although we don't have evidence of effigy mounds in our region, I believe that the man mound AND many other Fort Ancient motifs existed in Pennsylvania; and it seemed that most everyone at the event agreed, after they saw what we brought with us to the event. We had a sampling of artifacts from the Ted Keir collection, and some comparisons of Wisconsin mounds and Pennsylvania petroglyphs. Many times we saw one person grab another by the arm and pull them over to our table to show them the material I have been researching for more than a year. In fact after sharing this information to the professionals in Wisconsin I can tell you without hesitation that we have
Parkers Landing Petroglyphs Located on the east shore of the Allegheny River approximately 1.6 miles downstream from Parker City in Clarion County, PA
bears, bird men, and yes, even a shape that matches our horned Man Mound a thousand miles away in Wisconsin. It is also noteworthy that they are drawn the same way that artists draw the mound shapes, unlike a stick figure or any other style of drawing. They are in fact a perfect match. Below is a chart of the images that were once carved on "Indian Rock" along the Susquehanna River in Safe Harbor, PA - and as you look down through them, you will see (Continued on page 6)
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Volume 4, Issue 2
MAN MOUND COMMEMORATION EVENT CONT. (Continued from page 5)
the Man Mound shape and the Bird Man Mound shapes. Those of you that have seen outlines of the effigy mounds will recognize that many of the other animal shapes match the petroglyphs as well:
I think you will have to agree, just as the professionals in Wisconsin did when I showed them these pictures, that these are just too close to be a coincidence. It seems hard to deny that the Fort Ancient culture that was responsible for the effigy mounds in Wisconsin and other places, had to have been in Pennsylvania as well at some point. The truth is that there are many secrets to unfold concerning the prehistoric past of our region and all of Pennsylvania. We at SRAC consider it our responsibility to continue to press for as many answers as possible.
"Petroglyphs in the Susquehanna River Near Safe Harbor, PA”
Little Indian Rock petroglyphs (Source: Cadzow 1934)
by Donald Cadzow of the Pennsylvania Historical Commission
AREA STUDENT’S SENIOR PROJECT BENEFITS SRAC Daran Weber, a senior at Sayre High School needed a senior project and found one at SRAC. Weber is an artist with full length animated movies on the internet under his belt. He’s also received many artist awards. When SRAC went out looking for someone to do caricatures for their events this year, Weber found the perfect senior project that fit his area of expertise! From Racing Fanfare in Waverly, to the WhingBlinger event in Corning, NY. Weber has drawn caricatures for people at the events with all proceeds donated to SRAC! SRAC considers themselves lucky to have an artist like Daran helping this year, and know that he has been a favorite at SRAC's events. Daran Weber with caricature of couple at Racing Fanfare
Thank you Daran Weber!
Daran with caricature done at the recent Corning, NY Wingblinger Event
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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Volume 4, Issue 2
GEORGE CATLIN: ARTIST, WRITER, LECTURER, ETHNOLOGIST, AND SHOWMAN (JULY 26, 1796 - DECEMBER 23, 1872) By Patricia Miran George Catlin was the first artist to paint the Plains Indians on their native lands, and his life reads like an adventure story. He journeyed with trappers, explorers, and military expeditions into unexplored Indian Territory keeping a daily travel log. Catlin’s journals, kept while living amongst Indian tribes for extended periods of time, are filled with tales of his participation in Indian rituals and hunts. In addition to recording in his journals, he spent most of his adult life painting and lecturing about the lives of Indians in the American West and South America. At his death, Catlin left behind an extensive documentation of Indian life which would not have otherwise been recorded. Yet, he died unrecognized, scorned, ridiculed, and financially bankrupt. George Catlin was born and grew up on a farm near Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania. He was the fifth child of fourteen brothers and sisters, and they grew up hearing stories about Indians, which must have made a great impression. In addition to hearing stories, during the Revolutionary war his mother was captured at the Wyoming Valley Massacre and safely returned home by the Iroquois. The Catlin
Stu-mick-o-súcks, Buffalo Bull's Back Fat, head chief, Blood Tribe, 1832
family counted an Oneida tribesman among their friends, but this Indian was murdered when Catlin was only ten years old. To please his father, Catlin agreed to study law in Litchfield Connecticut. Upon returning home to rural Pennsylvania, he practiced law for three years with his older brother. An ordinary looking man, about 5’8” tall and weighing 135 pounds, Catlin was a self taught artist and dabbled in portraiture. It isn’t clear why he chose to give George Catlin painting a chief at the base of the Rocky up law for a career as Mountains, 1841 an artist; but in his own words he decided to, that during this era drawings and “Convert my law library into paint pots paintings were used to help record and brushes, and to pursue painting history and news events. as my future, an apparently more In 1828, when he was thirty-two years agreeable profession.” old, Catlin met and married his wife In 1821, Catlin moved to Philadelphia Clara in Albany. The next year, he to pursue his art career. He earned a received a prestigious commission to living by painting portrait miniatures, paint a group portrait of the 100 Virand exhibited paintings at the Pennginia legislators assembled at the sylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He State Constitutional Convention in was befriended by John Neagle a felRichmond. Although, this marked a low artist at the Academy. Neagle was significant step upward in his art cathe son-in-law of the famous portrait reer, he was troubled by the harsh artist Thomas Sully. His association criticism of prominent critics. Catlin, with both artists probably helped him like many artist of the time, wanted to to broaden his own skill as a painter. paint historic pictures rather than porWhen a delegation of Plains Indians traits. Commissions for historic paintarrived in Philadelphia in 1824. Catlin ings were heavily sought after by the was impressed by the delegation, leading artist of the day, which meant which may have inspired him to paint grueling competition. In 1830, Catlin several Indian portraits on reserva- decided to dedicate himself to pretions in western New York. In the serving the rapidly vanishing Amerisame year, he received a commission can Indian’s culture and customs to paint DeWitt Clinton, the governor through painting. It is unclear what of New York. Subsequently, he was catalyst set him on this remarkable hired to produce lithographs depicting career path; but perhaps it was the the construction of the Erie Canal. combination of his desire to advance The camera was too primitive to be his artistic career and his early memoused by the news media in this time (Continued on page 8) period; and it should be remembered
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GEORGE CATLIN: ARTIST, WRITER, LECTURER, ETHNOLOGIST, (Continued from page 7)
ries and knowledge of the American Indian. Catlin’s plan was put into action when he traveled to St. Louis, Missouri and became friends with General William Clark. The famous explorer, General Clark was the Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Western tribes and Governor of the Missouri Territory. At first, Catlin painted Indians at Fort Leavenworth in northeastern Kansas. In 1831, Catlin went further west traveling 2,000 miles by steamboat on the Yellowstone River to Fort Union, North Dakota. He painted landscapes, generic scenes of Indian life and Indian portraits as well as keeping extensive notes of his trip in his journals. Catlin painted five to six paintings a day. Out of necessity, he applied the paint thinly on un-stretched canvas. This prevented cracking when the paintings were rolled for transport. He used a limited palette of earth colors. He was forced to work rapidly sketching in many areas of the painting, concentrating on the facial features of his subjects. Catlin planned to finish the paintings in his studio when he returned home; however, many paintings were never finished. On his return trip south, he traveled with French-Canadian trappers. He visited Mandan villages and lived with the tribe for a month. He recorded in detail their rituals and customs. Many historians feel that his study of the now extinct Mandan tribe was his greatest achievement. Years later in the summer of 1838, the tribe was ravaged by smallpox with few survivors. It was shortly after this epidemic struck the Mandans that John Audubon traveled to the area. Audubon became one of Catlin’s most well know critics. He claimed that Catlin’s writings and paintings were mere fabrication since the tribe at the time of Audubon’s visit was almost non-existent. It would be years after Catlin’s death before his knowledge and account of the Mandans would be recognized by scholars. Between 1830 and 1836, George Cat-
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lin visited approximately 48 tribes and completed 500 paintings. He was essentially interested in recording the lives and customs of his subjects rather than artist expression. Catlin planned to open a museum which would house Indian costumes and artifacts along with his paintings. In 1837, he organized his collection and called it the “Indian Gallery.” The collection was first viewed by the public in Albany, Troy, and New York City. Catlin became a spokesman for the Indians and their plight. His lectures and tours of American cities became political. The plight of the American Indian became his campaign, which in large part was not favorably received by the public. Manifest Destiny and removal of the Indians from their lands was the popular public sentiment. Catlin’s writing and lectures fervently pleaded for the plight of the Indians. The following quote illustrates his view, “Their country was entered by white men, but a few hundred years since….over the bones and ashes of twelve millions of red men; six millions of whom have fallen victims to the small-pox, and the remainder to the sword, the bayonet, and whiskey,…”.
George Catlin 1796-1872
consisted of 500 paintings, a Crow wigwam, thousands of costumes, artifacts, weapons, and two caged grizzly bears. He staged Indian dances, songs, and war rituals performed by white men in native costumes. Catlin’s exhibit was the first “Wild West Show.” His show was an overnight success, and he was In 1838, Catlin exhibited his “Indian presented to Queen Victoria. He selfGallery” in Washington, D.C... He tried published a book entitled “Letters and to interest the US government in pur- Notes on the Manners, Customs, and chasing his collection. The US Con- Condition of North American Indians. gress did consider a proposal to pur- Eventually, he replaced the costumed chase the “Indian Gallery” for white men with real Ojibwa Indians. He $150,000; however, decided against stayed in England for 6 years until inthe purchase. Catlin took his “Indian terest in his “Indian Gallery” waned. Gallery” on tour to Baltimore, PhiladelCatlin moved his show to Paris in phia, and Boston. He attempted to 1845. King Louis Philippe invited Catraise public sentiment for the US govlin’s Indian troupe to perform for the ernment’s purchase of the “Indian Galroyal family. The King invited Catlin to lery”, and in the process his expenses exhibit at the Louvre, and commismounted along with his debt. Catlin sioned 15 copies of Catlin’s paintings. made one last appeal to Congress lowThe artist attempted to sell his collecering his price to $75,000, and threattion to the French government but was ened to take his exhibit to Europe. unsuccessful. Tragedy struck when his Congress chose to ignore Catlin’s wife died of pneumonia and a year pleas. Subsequently on November of later his only son died of typhoid. Their 1839, the artist, at age 43, sailed for bodies were returned to the US and England with his family and the “Indian both were buried in a family plot at Gallery”. Greenwood Cemetery, in Brooklyn, In England, he rented exhibition space (Continued on page 9) and set up his “Indian Gallery” which
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GEORGE CATLIN: ARTIST, WRITER, LECTURER, ETHNOLOGIST, (Continued from page 8)
NY. Catlin and his three young daughters remained in Paris. Louis Philippe had been exiled in the American frontier during his youth in the late 1790’s. Catlin’s stories and exhibit rekindled the King’s interested in the American frontier. The King commissioned the artist to paint a series of paintings documenting the New World adventures of the French explorer La Salle. For Catlin, the lucrative commission and prestige of painting historical art represented the height of his artistic career. Unfortunately, his success was short lived. The French Revolution broke out and King Louis Philippe fled to England. The republican police questioned Catlin suspecting his connection to the King. After considerable negotiation he was able to move to England with his “Indian Gallery”, the La Salle paintings and his daughters; however, the new government refused to honor the King’s debt to the artist. By 1852, at the age of 56, Catlin had accumulated substantial debt and was financially bankrupt. He was forced to close the “Indian Gallery” and sent his
Máh-to-tóh-pa, Four Bears, Second Chief, in Full Dress, 1832 Mandan/Numakiki
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three daughters to the US to live with relatives. When creditors threatened to sell off Catlin’s collection, Joseph Harrison, a Philadelphia Industrialist paid off Catlin’s debts and held the “Indian Gallery” as collateral. Harrison stored the works in a boiler room in his factory which resulted in substantial damage to the collection. He tried to sell Catlin’s collection to the US government but was unsuccessful. The artist never regained his collection, and 7 years after Catlin’s death Harrison’s widow donated the surviving paintings to the Smithsonian Institute. In Europe, Catlin had met the South American explorer Alexander von Humboldt in Paris. Inspired by Humbolt’s expedition Catlin set out for South American. From 1854 to 1860, he explored unknown territories and discovered new Indian tribes throughout South America, the US west coast and Alaska. Unlike his earlier explorations, Catlin found it hard to communicate with the native populations. He had become hard of hearing and often he could not find an interpreter. The paintings he produced were also not of the same quality as his “Indian Gallery”. Probably due to lack of funds, Catlin painted on inferior materials: Bristol board and thin paint. Catlin called these paintings his “Cartoon Collection” because of the sketchy quality of the paintings. Since he was dodging creditors, not much is known of his exact travels during this time period; however, he may have visited Baron Von Humboldt in 1855 and shared his scientific findings with him. In 1860, Catlin returned to Europe. He lived in Brussels, Belgium and painted many paintings of North American Plains Indians from the sketches, notebook entries and memories of his earlier travels. Probably due to his financial circumstances, he again painted on Bristol board using thin paint. He wrote several books about the Indians, and offered to sell his “Indian Gallery” and “Cartoon Collection” to the New-York Historical Society for $120,000, but was turned down.
Buffalo Bull : A Grand Pawnee Warrior (1832)
In 1871, Catlin returned home and exhibited his “Cartoon Collection” in New York City. He was 75 years old and was anxious to find a museum to house his collection. He accepted an invitation from Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian, to exhibit his paintings in Washington. Again, he tried to sell his collection, this time for $65,000 to the US government, but was unsuccessful. Secretary Henry offered the artist living quarters in a small tower room at the Smithsonian, and the artist accepted his offer. Unfortunately, Catlin fell fatally ill. Just before his death, he went to live with his daughter in New Jersey. He left his “Cartoon Collection” behind in Washington. At the time of his death on December 23, 1872, he was still worried about his collection remaining intact. Today, Catlin’s paintings and collection are recognized as a major achievement in the fields of ethnology, American history and painting. He left behind a detailed glimpse of the American and South American Indian’s way of life. If you are interested in viewing Catlin’s collection, much of it is on exhibit at The Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC. Catlin’s (Continued on page 10)
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SHOWMAN CONT.
(Continued from page 9)
paintings can also be viewed closer to home at the Rockwell Museum of Western Art in Corning, NY. If you are adventurous and want to mount your own expedition in search of Catlin’s paintings try the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester; Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburg, PA; Montclair Art Museum, NJ; Metropolitan Museum of Art and The New York Historical Society, NY City; National Portrait Gallery and The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC; Museum of Fine Art, Boston; University of Maine Museum of Art; Virginia Museum of Fine Art; Amon Carter Museum, Texas; Museum of Fine Art, Houston, TX; Albrecht-Kemper Museum of Art, Missouri; Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, OK; McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal, Quebec; Museum of Nebraska Art at the University of Nebraska; Museum of the Rhode Island School of Design; National Museum of Wildlife Art, Jackson Hole, WY. Happy Hunting... The Last Race Mandan O-Kee-Pa Ceremony Sources: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWcatlinG.htm, http:// www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/GCatlin.html http://www.vmfa.museum/catlin/who.html, http://www.essortment.com/all/whoisgeorgeca_rjdi.htm http://www.ready-to-hang.com/LCP_ArtNotes/George_Catlin_Bio.htm http://www.ibiblio.org/nga/catlin.html http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art47605.asp http://americanart.si.edu/catlin/
SRAC
IN
LOCAL SCHOOLS
Ted Keir presenting to Athens elementary students at Roundtop
In the past year, SRAC is proud to have spent many hours with local schools in the Valley. It is our dedication to actively educating our community that differentiates SRAC from many other historically minded organizations in the region. This past school year ended for some of the elementary kids from Sayre and Athens not only hearing about the ancient people who lived here hundreds to thousands of years ago, but they also were able to handle actual tools and "experience" some of the way that they lived. We'd like to thank the local schools for allowing us to share our knowledge, authentic artifacts, and passion with the kids.
SRAC at Sayre’s Snyder Elementary School The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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Volume 4, Issue 2
THE SRAC JOURNAL
S RAC AROUND THE COMMUNITY SRAC continues to grow and move strongly forward. We’ve made many improvements to our new building, and we are looking forward to our first Drumbeats Through Time in our new home! We continue to participate in and host all sorts of events. There never seems to be enough time to do all of the things our fearless leader, Deb Twigg, dreams up….but we keep trying! We’ve gained some new members, new volunteers, and even some new board members. Watch for announcements of upcoming events! We hope to see more and more of you as we continue to grow!
Danny Scopelliti and Mary Ann Taylor
SRAC Board Members Tom Vallilee and Dick Cowles
Dick and Don Straub chatting
Jack Andrus at our annual 4th grade presentation at Snyder Elementary Beryl Cleary and Don Taylor working in the SRAC gift shop
Bloomsburg University’s Dee Anne Wymer, Jude Kane, and Deb at a recent event
Claire Borits helping out at Racing Fanfare
Good friend Jim Nobles with Ted and Tom at SRAC Susan Fogel at Man Mound Day in Baraboo, WI Snyder Elementary 4th grade event SRAC Member Daryl Stratton
New board members Mary Ann Taylor and Janet Andrus hard at work at SRAC
Steve Welles, Tom, and Ted share a moment in the SRAC Gift Shop
Dr. Marshall Becker with Drumbeats 2008 speaker Dr. Dee Anne Wymer, Prof. of Anthropology, Bloomsburg U.
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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THE SRAC JOURNAL
Volume 4, Issue 2
Mark Your Calendars! SRAC’s 5th Annual Drumbeats Through Time Is on October 25, 2008! 11:30 – 1PM 2008 SRAC Annual Membership Luncheon
Members Meeting
SRAC members and invited guests only can attend this special meeting lead by the leaders of SRAC where updates on current projects and goals for the coming year will be shared. A private tour of the building and first look at the special collections of the event will follow in this very personalized portion of our event for our special friends. Lunch will be provided.
1PM - DOORS OPEN TO PUBLIC LARGEST ARTIFACT EXHIBIT IN THE REGION on display all day! 1:30 – 2:30PM “Flowers for the Dead: New Research into the World of the Hopewell Moundbuilder Culture.” by Dr. DeeAnne Wymer, Bloomsburg University Using traces of organic and other unusual materials preserved in association with ceremonial copper burial objects, Dr. Wymer will give the audience an intimate view of the ceremonies of the ancient Hopewell Moundbuilder culture. Simply a breathtaking presentation!
3 – 4PM “Buffalo Creek“ Native Indian Dancers! The Village of Waverly has agreed have the street closed down for this very special opportunity for the community to learn and enjoy the dance and culture of these authentic Seneca Native Indian dancers!
4:30 PM SRAC MURAL Unveiling and Dedication! We will be unveiling SRAC’s outdoor mural funded by a 2007 Decentralization (DEC) Grant which was administered by The ARTS of the Southern Finger Lakes and sponsored by the Village of Waverly. A special dedication will follow.
To Learn More About SRAC—Visit Www.SRACenter.org AND SRACenter.blogspot.com The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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Volume 4, Issue 2
THE SRAC JOURNAL
WAMPUM
AND
BEADWORK ROUNDUP HELD
IN
AUGUST 2008
The Wampum and Beadwork event was a huge success for SRAC with three outstanding presentations, with many private collections on display.
Dolores Elliot, MA, noted expert on Iroquois Beadwork
Stanley Vanderlaan and his daughter travelled from Albion, NY to share their fabulous collection!
Dr. Kurt Jordan, Director of Graduate Studies & Asst. Professor, Anthropology and American Indian Studies, Cornell University presented "Postcolumbian Adornment Items: Shell, Glass, Red Stone, Brass.� Dr. Marshall Becker, Senior Fellow of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania presented "Wampum in the Core Area." Iroquoian beadwork expert, Dolores Elliot, MA presented "The History of Iroquois Beadwork.� In addition to the speakers, we invited private collectors to bring in their wampum and beadwork to display securely for the day. The result was an incredible display of artifacts, professionals and amateurs together in an atmosphere that supported knowledge and comradeship. Special thanks to our presenters, all who brought artifacts, and to everyone who made this a special event we will long remember!
Sampling of beautiful Iroquoian beadwork from the Dolores Elliot Collection
Ted, Stan, and Don Hunt discussing the collections
Dr. Marshall Becker, Sr. Fellow of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania
Dr. Kurt Jordan, Director of Graduate Studies & Asst. Professor, Anthropology and American Indian Studies, Cornell University
Wampum from the Stanley Vanderlaan Collection
Replica wampum and beadwork from the vast collections of John and Dee Margetanski
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
Page 14
THE SRAC JOURNAL
Volume 4, Issue 2
SRAC’s Revolutionary War Double Feature a Big Hit SRAC hosted a double feature on Saturday August 30th which centered on our region’s role in the Revolutionary War and ultimately ensuring our nation’s independence.
Contact Us!
Our Headquarters Mail: SRAC PO Box 12 Sayre, PA 18840 Phone: 607-727-3111 Email: info@SRACenter.org
Our Center Location: 345 Broad St. Waverly, NY Phone: 607-565-7960
Our Website SRACenter.org
Our Online Giftshop SRACenter.org/store
Online Membership SRACenter.org/join
Our Blog SRACenter.blogspot.com
Online Donations SRACenter.org/donations
The evening began with “Why Sullivan Marched” presented by SRAC’s co-founder, Dick Cowles. This presentation was designed to systematically unravel the events that led to the Sullivan Campaign through our region erupting at Newtown Battlefield. As Dick explained, the forced relocation of many Native Americans from the Delaware River area into our region and the subsequent influx of white settlers caused tensions to rise. These tensions led to many bloody events including the Queen Esther/Bloody Rock incident and the Battle of Wyoming in 1778. The result was an order by General George Washington to General John Sullivan to team with General Clinton in what is remembered in our area as “Sullivan’s March.”
Actress Florence Howanitz
A question and answer period followed the Cowles presentation and free popcorn was enjoyed by the audience as the stage was set for the second presentation of the night which was a film production titled “The Battle of Wyoming.” Original cast members Bob Mischak as Col. Nathan Denison, Florence Howanitz as the wife of Rev. Jacob Johnson, and the film's producer/director, Bill Bachman were on hand. The film, shot at a variety of historic locations, depicted the Battle of Wyoming on July 3, 1778, which saw the Colonial side go down to defeat at the hands of the British and their Indian allies. The following day, July 4, 1778, Wyoming Valley in Northeastern Pennsylvania was turned over to the British as a condition of the articles of capitulation. Reproduction firearms and other military campaign pieces from the Revolutionary period were explained and demonstrated, and the entire evening concluded with patriotic songs and "electronic" fireworks. SRAC has a paperback version of Dick Cowles presenta-
Actor Bob Mischak as Col. Na- tion, “Why Sullivan Marched” as well as “The Sullivan Camthan Denison in “The Battle of paign” by Ellsworth Cowles on sale in the SRAC gift shop Wyoming” which is open Tuesdays through Fridays from 1-5 and Sat-
urdays from 11-3.
O R L A N D I N I B O O K A VA I L A B L E A T S R A C John Orlandini, past president of the Luzerne County Historical Society, recently gave a presentation at SRAC related to his 1996 book, "The Ancient Native Americans of the Wyoming Valley: 10,000 year of prehistory." The five years it took to accumulate the information for the book left him with over-all knowledge of the early Native Americans who lived, hunted, and traded in the Wyoming Valley. John's newly released book is titled, "Indians, Settlers, and Forgotten Places in the Endless Mountains." It covers Bradford, Sullivan, Wyoming, and Susquehanna Counties, with discussions on the Wyalusing Path, stone tools used in everyday activities, flint knapping, Indian graves and petroglyphs, medals presented to the Indians by the English, In search of the Goose, the French Azilum, Friedenshutten, and twenty other interesting topics relating to the Endless Mountains. The book is available for $17.95 at SRAC's Gift Shop (which is open from 1-5 Tuesdays through Fridays and Saturdays from 11-3pm) The book is signed by the author.
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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Volume 4, Issue 2
THE SRAC JOURNAL
THANK YOU TOM! There is not a person who enters SRAC that does not show awe for what we have accomplished. In fact, our own board and membership are still in awe. We would like to make sure that the community knows that while there are too many names to list for the generosity and support that enabled us to do what has been done, we are all indebted to one hardworking, dedicated, and selfless gentleman, Tom Vallilee. Many of us like to say that our place at 345 Broad Street in Waverly is "Tom's House" because his two hands have built what we have today, whether or not he has had help on any given day, and all for nothing more than to support our cause.
the back or shaking his hand and thanking him for what he has given SRAC and the whole community for generations to come. Tom - we know that even though we try to thank you every day, we never feel like we have told you enough just how much we all appreciate you and your friendship, and all that he you’ve done!
The next time you see Tom, please consider patting him on
Mr. Tom Vallilee
AN INCREDIBLE MEMBERSHIP SRAC has an incredible membership, and that is the reason for our successes over the past year in our new building and in the community. This quarter we’d like to give a special thank you to Harold Koch, who has donated doors, molding, supplies and many man hours to help board member Tom Vallilee continue to work on our lecture and exhibit area. The solid wood doors that now separate the gift shop from the back area, as well as the grand molding that graces our lecture hall are huge improvements that we could have never hoped to have. Tom also appreciates all of the hours of work you have spent with him getting them installed to perfection.
Harold and Tom working on the lecture area wall
We hope that you know how much you are appreciated for not only your generosity, but your friendship to us all.
SPECIAL THANKS TO THE FOLLOWING RECENT CONTRIBUTORS TO SRAC •
Claire and Jon Borits
•
NYS Museum
•
CQ Services
•
Pat Miran
•
Dandy Mini Mart
•
Paula's Discount Eye Glasses
•
David J Scopelliti
•
Susan Fogel
•
Dick and Marcia Cowles
•
Ted and Evelyn Keir
•
Dr. Dee Anne Wymer
•
Tina Pickett
•
Gloria Reigel
•
Trilla's Massage
•
Guy and Marty Abell
•
UCann Tan
•
Harold Koch
•
Urban Connections
•
Home Necessities
•
Wolf Furniture
•
Janet Andrus
•
John and Dee Margetanski
•
Alger's Trading Post
•
Klip Joint
•
Andy Quinlan
•
Kris and Ron Wenning
•
Athens Animal Hospital
•
Leon Thomas
•
Cafe Too
•
Marilyn Overstrom
Arnold Excavation 917 Ross Hill Rd., Waverly Ny 14892 607-565-8252
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
Page 16
THE SRAC JOURNAL
Volume 4, Issue 2
PLEASE CONSIDER SPONSORING THE SRAC JOURNAL WITH YOUR CONTRIBUTUION AT ONE OF THE LEVELS LISTED BELOW. Many of you are familiar with our quarterly journal, and the quality and volume of educational information we try to bring to the community throughout the year. In fact our range of readership includes high school students to retired persons as well as professional scientists and local universities. The journal has grown into a well read and respected publication; and we hope that it will continue to grow and be a resource of educational and entertaining material for years to come. Obviously, with this continued growth not only in content and pages but distribution, there are added costs associated. For this reason, we have decided to offer sponsorship by local individuals, families, and businesses who want to help us in our efforts. We currently publish and distribute 1,000 copies each quarter ~ that's currently 4,000 copies each year, with our coverage mainly in Bradford County PA and Tioga and Chemung Counties in NY, but we have readership that reaches far beyond these boundaries as well. How Can You Become a Sponsor? 1.) Choose your level of sponsorship and how many issues you would like to sponsor below. If you would like to sponsor multiple quarterly journals (4 per year) or even a whole year, just multiply the sponsorship level. 2.) Tell us what you would like us to print 3.) Include your check along with this completed form. Thank you for being an active supporter of this worthy cause!
THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF SPONSORSHIP LEVELS WITH FORMATS AND APPROXIMATE SIZES. • Platinum $500.00 Our top level of sponsorship! With your donation of $500 you will be facilitating 1,000
copies of one quarterly journal. Your donation will be recognized with a full half-page gray-scale or black and white ad that can measure up to 7 1/2” wide by 5” tall. (Sorry, but we can accept only one Platinum sponsor per issue; however, you can reserve for future issues.) Please email artwork and text you wish included to sfogel@hughes.net.
• Gold
$100.00
• Silver
$50.00
• Sup-
porter $25.00
• Friend
$10.00
The Leadership Company 234 Main Street Your Town, USA 555555-123123-4321
The Hollowell Family Jan, Christy Ryan, Allison, and Tommy
Please circle the level of sponsorship you wish to make; and indicate what you would like your sponsor recognition to say in the space below…..anything you like! LINE 1
LINE 2
LINE 3
LINE 4 (Limit lines to 35 characters. Gold level can include logo if space allows. Please email logos to sfogel@hughes.net.)
The Johnson Family In loving memory of our dad John
The Lucky Penny Club
Send check along with this form to: For additional information call Deb Twigg at 607-727-3111 or email Info@SRACenter.org
SRAC PO Box 12 Sayre, PA 18840
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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Volume 4, Issue 2
THE SRAC JOURNAL
SRAC’S COLLECTIONS CONTINUE TO GROW SRAC is dedicated to education, research and preservation of the region's Native American archaeological, cultural and historical assets for the communities within the Twin Tier Region of Southeastern NY and Northeastern PA. We are especially proud to announce that in the past few months, two more private collections were donated to us. Each collection will remain under the name of the collector who donated them within SRAC's collections so that the community will forever recognize these people for preserving their collections with SRAC. SRAC would like to personally thank all of the collectors and their families that have donated their collections to SRAC to date, and hope that others will consider doing so when they are deciding what will happen to their collections in the long term. Steve Welles Donates Collection to SRAC
and the best part is that Steve intends to continue his search for arrowheads, pottery and the working tools of the Native Americans. Daniel Chapman Sends Collection Back to the Region Daniel Chapman lived at Lowman, Chemung County, NY and was an operating engineer on the construction of Route 17 for 20 years. He grew up in the Southern Tier, graduating from Waverly High School in 1954.
Steve Welles with Tom Valilee and Ted Keir as they look at the collection he donated to SRAC
The Susquehanna River Archaeology Center recently became the recipient of another outstanding collection of Indian artifacts. Steve Welles of 360 Winters Road, Barton, NY has been collecting for many years in Tioga County and the Susquehanna River Valley. He has accumulated a great amount of Indian material and decided to donate it to our growing SRAC museum so that the community could enjoy them. One of the most impressive pieces in the Welles collection is a small turtle effigy that SRAC currently has on display in our lecture area. We deeply appreciate Turtle effigy from the this gift Welles Collection
Dan collected Indian artifacts in the Chemung, Lowman, Elmira, Corning, Olean, Nichols, Salamanca, Mt Morris, Geneseo, and Susquehanna River Valley area. He moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico to retire and took the bulk of his collection of projectile points and small artifacts with him, giving the heavy working tools to his mends. We made contact by phone through his very close buddy, Robert Gillan, a New York State Department of Conservation officer who retired and lived near Barton, Tioga County. Ted Keir told Dan and Bob about the Susquehanna River Archaeology Center and sent them copies of our journal. Dan liked the way SRAC operated with a Board of Directors and an Advisory Council and our plans to convert the old three story Philadelphia Sales building on Broad St. in Waverly into a museum.
Dan Chapman and his close friend, Bob Gillan
Ted by Federal Express. He may not return to this area to see them displayed but Ted is sending him photos of them as they were shown to a number of groups visiting the museum. Many people are enjoying Mr. Chapman's generosity and we appreciate his faith in SRAC.
Dan decided to donate 11 frames of artifacts to SRAC and shipped them to
Frames from the Daniel Collection on display at SRAC
T H E S R AC B OA R D O F D I R E C T O R S •
Deb Twigg - Executive Director
•
Susan Fogel - Chief Financial Officer
•
Dick Cowles - CoDirector of Archaeology/Curation
•
Tom Vallilee
•
Ted Keir - Chairman of the Board, CoDirector of Archaeology/Education
•
Janet Andrus
•
Mary Ann Taylor
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org
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THE SRAC JOURNAL
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies PO Box 12 Sayre, PA 18840
Volume 4, Issue 2
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• • •
Please check the type of membership you wish to apply for. Fill out the information above. Submit this form with a check for the appropriate amount to: SRAC, PO Box 12, Sayre 18840
The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email Info@SRACenter.org