بيتكوين ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة

‫‪5/15/2017‬‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (Bitcoin :‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻣﺎﺓ‪ ‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻳﻭﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻭﺍﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺭﺯﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺩﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻋﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﻳﺯﻳﺎﺋﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﻳﺋﺔ‬

‫‪Bitcoin‬‬

‫ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻑ‪ ‬ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺄﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌ ّﻣﺎﺓ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺳﻳﺱ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻝ‬ ‫‪ 4‬ﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺑﻠﺩ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺻﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫‪03/01/2009‬‬

‫ﺭﻣﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‬

‫‪฿ ،XBT، BTC‬‬

‫‪ 6‬ﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 7‬ﻁﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺗﺩﺋﻳﻥ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪mBTC ­ ‬‬

‫‪ 7.1‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺑﺗﺷﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺳﻳﺕ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻳﻛﺭﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪μBTC ­ ‬‬

‫‪ 7.2‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺳﺎﺗﻭﺷﻲ‪Satoshi ­ ‬‬

‫‪ 8‬ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻣﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻳﺯﻭ‬

‫‪ 10‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬

‫‪4217‬‬

‫‪ 11‬ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺭﻑ‬

‫‪ 12‬ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ 13‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ XBT‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻲ‪،‬‬

‫‪ 14‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻲ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 15‬ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻝ‬

‫‪ 16‬ﻭﺻﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ 17‬ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌ ّﻣﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺗُﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌ ّﻣﺎﺓ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (cryptocurrency :‬ﻭﻳُﻘﺻﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻧﺗﺷﺎﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﻟﻛﻥ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺩﺉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺟﻭﺍﻧﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗُﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺿﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﻳﺳﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺣﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﻳًﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﺗﻭﻓﺭ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪60 ‬‬ ‫ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭﻳﺔ]‪ُ [1‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ 6 ‬ﻋُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ‪ [2] ‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩًﺍ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭﻳﺔ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬

‫‪1/7‬‬

‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86‬‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫‪5/15/2017‬‬

‫ﻋُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎء‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ [3] Ripple ‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪ ‬ﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺑﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺑﺣﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭ ِﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻔﺗﻭﺣﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎﺧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺛﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻁﻼﻕ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺳﻳﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‪ ‬ﺷﺧﺹ‪ ‬ﺃﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺳﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻣﺯﻱ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﺗﻭﺷﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻭﺗﻭ‪ ‬ﻓﻛﺭﺓ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭ ِﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻣﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺣﺛﻳﺔ]‪ [4‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ، 2008 ‬ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻧﻅﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻧﻘﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻧﺩ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ ، (Peer­to­Peer :‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﺻﻁﻠﺢ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺁﺧﺭ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻳﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑِﺗﻛﻭﻳِﻥ‪ ‬ﺇﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﺣﺕ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﺩﺍﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻣﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺳﻧﺔ‪ [5]2009 ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻧﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻏﻳﺭﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺭ‪ [6].‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 2016 ‬ﺃﻋﻠﻥ‪ ‬ﺭﺟﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻋﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺗﺭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﺭﻳﻎ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﻳﻔﻥ‪ ‬ﺭﺍﻳﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﺗﻭﺷﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻭﺗﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺩﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺩﻟﻳﻼ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﻛﺷﻑ‬ ‫]‪[7‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﻑ‪ ‬ﺃﺩﻟّﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛُﺗﻝ‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻔﺻﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﻝ‬

‫ﻟﺿﻣﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑِﺗ ُﻛﻳِﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎﻅ‪ ‬ﺑﺳﺟﻝ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗُﺳﺟﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﻳُﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻡ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻝ‬ ‫)ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ .(block chain :‬ﺗﺗﺷﺎﺭﻙ‪ ‬ﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺗ ُﻛ ِﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﻧﻅﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻝ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺗ ُﻛ ِﻳﻥ‪ .‬ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻣﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺗ ُﻛ ِﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺻﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻣﻠﻛﻪ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻳُﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻬﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﺭﺍﺑﻁ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻱ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ُ ‬ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺵ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺑﻘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺗﻭﺍﺻﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺭ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳُﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻡ‪" ‬ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ"‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ . (genesis block :‬ﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﺟﻌﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻬﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ُ ‬ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﻭﺭ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺩﺓ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﻧﺷﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺻﻌﻭﺑﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ُ ‬ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﺗﻐﻳﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺳﺑﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺵ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ُ ‬ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﻗﻳﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺵ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻳﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺟﻌﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺷﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺗﻛﺭﺭ‪ ‬ﻟﻧﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺻﻌﻭﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑِﺗ ُﻛﻳِﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻛﺗﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻌُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑِﺗ ُﻛﻳِﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻧﻪ]‪.[8‬‬

‫ﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻣﺗﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻘﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﺎ ٍﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺑﺩﺋﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺭ‪ ‬ﺻﺣﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻟﺷﺧﺹ‪ ‬ﺁﺧﺭ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﻁ‪ .‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺣﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺟﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﺟﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺗﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﻭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻋُﻧﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺇﻻ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﻣﻘﺩﻭﺭﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﻭﺯﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺩﻫﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﺍﺣﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻣﺗﻼﻛﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺳﻳُﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻧﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻣﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺳﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻛﺷﻑ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﺑﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﻳﺱ‬ ‫ُﻣﺳﺗﺑﻌﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻙ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺋﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﻐﻳﺭﻙ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﺗﺟﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺭﺳﻠﻭﺍ‪ ‬ﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﻳُﻧﺻﺢ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﺎﻭﻳﻥ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻅ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻌﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﻡ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻫﻧﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻭﻣﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﺑﻘﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺑﻭﻫﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻣﻛﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﻳﻛﻔﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻭﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﻭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻛﻔﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻛﺳﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺑﻭﻩ‪ .‬ﺻﺣﻳﺢ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺿﺧﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﻭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺇﻣﻛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺳﺭﻗﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﻬﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻛﺛﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﺳﺭﻗﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻫﻳﺋﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻠﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﻟﻛﻭ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺧﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﻭﺍﻟﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﺑﻌﺿﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺻﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺁﺧﺭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﺑﺩﻭ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺭﻏﺑﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﻭﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﻭﻯ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻘﻧﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺳﻳﺻﺑﺢ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻡ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺏ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺑُﻣﺟﺭﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺭﻏﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺑﺩﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﻭﺯﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﻘﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻁﻼﻕ‪ ‬ﻟﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺭﻭﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86‬‬

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‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻑ‪ ‬ﺑِﺗ ُﻛﻳِﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺫﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻬﻭﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﺗﻣﺗﻠﻙ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺳﻠﺳﻼ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻧﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻳﺢ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻔﻖ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻭﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺋﻊ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺗﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺟﻌﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻛﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺭﺍﺋﺟﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺍﻓﻌﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺻﻭﺻﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺋﻌﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺿﺎﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻏﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺭﻭﻋﺔ‪) ‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺩﺭﺍﺕ(‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺣﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻭﺍء‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ِ ‬ﺑﺗ ُﻛ ِﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻧﺩ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (Peer­to­Peer :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻭﻗﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺷﻔﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺷﺧﺻﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﻫﻳﺋﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻳﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻧﻅﻡ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺗﺫﻫﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻭﺩ‬

‫‪Bitcoin anonymity‬‬

‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺁﺧﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﻭﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻣﺻﺎﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻳﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻧﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻳﺿﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﻟﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﺷﻳﺎء‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻘﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺣﻔﻅﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺷﻳﺎء‪ ‬ﻛﺛﻳﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺏ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺍﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺣﻭﻳﻠﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻳﻭﺭﻭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻛﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﺧﺻﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺧﺗﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻭﻙ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺣﻔﻅ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺻﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ، ‬ﻳﻌﻁﻳﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺯ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺷﻔﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺣﺭﻭﻑ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﺗﺳﺗﻘﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﺫﻛﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻭﻙ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫‪.[9]Arabchain‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻣﺑﺗﺩﺋﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺑﺗﺷﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺳﻳﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺑﺗﺷﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺳﻳﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻳﺢ‪ ‬ﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻓﺭﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﺳﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﻣﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻅﺎﺭ‬ ‫]‪[10‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﺭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺩﻧﻰ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﺫﻛﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﺳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬‬

‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺻﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﺗﺑﺳﻳﻁ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻔﻬﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺧﺫ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‪ ، ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‪ ‬ﻻﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻁﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺫﺍﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺩ‪ ‬ﻛﺑﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺊ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻁﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ‪ ‬ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻔﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﻳﻔﺭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻘﺩﺓ‪ ، ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﺳﻑ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﻬﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﻗﻭﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺳﺗﺣﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺋﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻳﺻﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﺿﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺗﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﺗﺳﺑﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ، ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻝ‪ ‬ﻳﻛﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﺣﺎﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﺣﺎﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺑﺳﺎﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺳﻣﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﺑﺢ‬ ‫)ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (Pool :‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺟﺗﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺷﺧﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻳﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺢ‪ ‬ﻳﺎﺧﺫ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻛﺛﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻳﺎﺧﺫ‪ ‬ﻛﺛﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﺫﻛﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﺳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ hashflare.io ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻣﺗﺎﺯ‪. ‬‬

‫ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺣﺩﻭﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻘﺎء‪ ‬ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧ ﺔً‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺩﻋﻭﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺟﺯ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﻣﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻁﺎﻕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺩﻳﻭ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻳﻘﻰ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺑﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﺑﺩﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻟﺩﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﺣﻘﻳﻘﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺩﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻔﺳﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻏﺑﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺑﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺣﻘﻳﻘﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻛﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺗﻳﺟ ﺔً‪ ‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺗﻣﺗﻠﻙ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺻﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺗﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﺻﺎﻋﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‪ ‬ﻳﺻﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪670 ‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺿﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ‬ﻗﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺿﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺣﺗﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻙ‪ ‬ﺳﻣﻌﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﺧﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺗﺟﺎﻭﺯ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﺣﺎﺟﺯ‪ 1000 ‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ‬ﺻﻌﻭﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﻧﺯﻭﻻ‪ .‬ﻫﻧﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺗﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ‬ﻓﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻧﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﻛﺛﻳﺭﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺗﻘﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳُﻌﻁﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺣﻘﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﻘﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻗﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﻛﺑﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻳُﻔﺗﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻛﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻌﺭﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻗﻝ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﻬﻼﻛﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻘﻠﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺣﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﻗﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﻭﻱ‪ ‬ﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﺟﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﻛﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻧﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺩﻓﻌﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻧﻧﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺭﺑﺣﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻘﺑﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻭﻣﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﺩﻗﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﻫﻧﺎﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺗﻧﺷﺭ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺣﺻﺎﺋﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻫﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‬ ‫ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻋﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺳﺟﻝ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺿﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻁﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﻁﺎﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ‪ 3,925,863$ ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟـ‪ 24‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺑﺩﻭ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﺿﺧﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﺗﺎﺟﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ 11,388,578 ‬ﺟﻳﺟﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺵ‪/ ‬ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺿﺎ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ‬ﻛﺑﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺣﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻗﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﺿﺧﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﻟﻳﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﻌﻁﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻬﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻭﺿﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻧﻔﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﻔﺎءﺗﻬﺎ‪ Radeon 5870 video card ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺈﺣﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﺩﻭﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻁﺎﻗﺔ‪ Radeon 5870 ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗُﻧﻔﺫ‪ 402 ‬ﻣﻳﺟﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺵ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗُﻛﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﺣﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ 1.2 ‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻳﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩ‪ ‬ﺇﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‪ ‬ﻳﺣﺗﻭﻱ‪ ‬ﺑﻁﺎﻗﺗﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﺭﺧﻳﺹ‪ ‬ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﻭﺻﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺗﻳﺟﺔ‪ ‬ﺁﻧﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻛﺭ‪ ‬ﻧﺣﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ 14,164,898 ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‪ 16,997,877$ ‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳُﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺧﺳﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺗُﻘﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﺑـ‪ 13,072,014$ ‬ﻳﻭﻣﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻠ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺣﻳﺢ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻭﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻭﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺗﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺭﺑﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺫﻛﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﻧﺷﺭ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﻟﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺳﺎﺭﺓ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻳُﺳﺟﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻘﺑﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺑﺩﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﻭﻗﻔﻭﺍ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻷﺳﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﻧﺟﻬﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺗﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﻳﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺇﻋﻁﺎء‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺩﻗﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﻟﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺳﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻳُﺳﺟﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻘﺑﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻠﺹ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﺗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻠﺹ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻟﻛﻳﻼ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﻧﻔﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻅﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻌﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻗﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻛﺛﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺟﺏ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﻛﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﺟﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻻ‪ ‬ﺭﻏﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺩﻳﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺣﻭﺯﺗﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻗﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻭﺍ‪ ‬ﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺛﻣﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺗﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﺳﻳﺯﺩﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺳﻭءﺍ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻳﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﻳﻧﺧﻔﺽ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﻧﺧﻔﺽ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻑ‪ ‬ﻛﻝ‪ 4 ‬ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺧﻳﺹ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﺍﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﻠﻳﻼ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻣﻝ‪“ ‬ﺍﻟﺻﻌﻭﺑﺔ”‪ hardness ‬ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺎ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎء‪ ‬ﺃﻗﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺭ‪ ‬ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻭﺍﺯﻥ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﻣﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﺣﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻼﺗﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺟﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺧﺳﺎﺋﺭ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺿﻣﻭﺍ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﺑﻬﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻣﻧﻘﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺅﺧﺭﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﺢ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳُﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﻳﺎﻧﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠ ُﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﻛﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﺳﻣﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻭﻟﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﻔﻅ‪ ‬ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻳﺢ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟ ُﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻧﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌُﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺇﻁﻼﻕ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻧﺔ‪ 2009 ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﺗﻭﺷﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻭﺗﻭ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺅﺳﺱ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻔﺗﻭﺡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪ .‬ﻳُﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪­ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻳُﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺗﻭﺷﻲ­‪ ‬ﻛﻣﺣﻔﻅﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﺳﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻘﻳﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﻛﺧﺎﺩﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﻻﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻓﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ُ ‬ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺩﻓﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪ Bitcoin­Qt ‬ﻓﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﻩ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﺟﻌﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺣﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳُﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻵﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻳُﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﺎﻻ‪ ‬ﻳُﺣﺗﺫﻯ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﻐﻳﺭﻩ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻟﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺇﺣﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ‪Electrum ‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺗﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻛﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻭﻟﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ‬ ‫‪ QR codes‬ﻟﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻬﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻭﻓﺭ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﻛﺧﻭﺍﺩﻳﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﺄﻛﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺟﺭﺍءﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻼﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪4/7‬‬

‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86‬‬

‫‪5/15/2017‬‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﺃﻟﻣﺎﻧﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺣﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﺭﻓﺕ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻣﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻧﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻬﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺭﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻟﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻳﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺑـ"ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺑﻘﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻔﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺍﺋﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺽ‪ ‬ﻓﺩﺭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻗﺩ‪ ‬ﺣﻛﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﺅﺧﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺧﺿﻊ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻣﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﺣﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻧﺑﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﻳﺟﺎﺑﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺇﻋﻁﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻋﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﺁﺧﺭﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﻗﺩ‪ ‬ﻳﻔﺗﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺯﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺭﺑﻁﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺇﺣﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﻳﺯﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻏﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻷﻱ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﻬﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺋﺗﻣﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺑﻭﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺣﺳﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻧﻛﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﺎﺟﺭ‪ .‬ﻣﺩﻓﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‬ ‫]‪[11‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ‬ﻟﻣﺣﻔﻅﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺳﻭﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺑﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫]‪[12‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺗﺿﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﻬﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺑﺭﻳﺳﻭ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﻧﻛﻭﻓﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﻗﻠﻳﻡ‪" ‬ﺑﺭﻳﺗﻳﺵ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻟﻭﻣﺑﻳﺎ"‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻧﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻲ‪ (ATM) ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪.30/10/2013 ‬‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﺟﺯﺍء‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﺃﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺄﺧﺭ‪ ‬ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻠﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺑﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻷﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺷﺎﻱ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻣﻁﻌﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﺯﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺩﺑﻲ]‪ [13‬ﻭﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺛﻡ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻅﻣﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﺳﻁﻳﻥ]‪ [14‬ﻛﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﺑﺢ‪ ‬ﺳﻭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺋﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﻭﺍﻕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻭﻳﺕ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺗﻪ‪ .[15] ‬ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻬﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﺃﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺅﺧﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺑﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺗﺣﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﺷﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻁﻔﻳﻑ‪ ‬ﻛﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﺃﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﻳﻭﺯ‪ ‬ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪ [16] ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﻼﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ‪،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻁ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺭﻳﻘﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ [17] askbitcoiner ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﻳﺙ‪ ‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺟﻭﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻔﺳﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺣﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻙ‪ ‬ﺷﺎﻳﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺻﻌﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻭﻓﺭ‪ ‬ﺧﺩﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻭﻁﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻣﻧﻬﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻠﻭ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (Yellow :‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻭﻳﺳﺱ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (BitOasis :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺳﺗﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺩﺑﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﺱ‪) ‬ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‪ (BitFils :‬ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺳﺳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻭﻳﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺩﺍﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺣﻠﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﻳﻖ‪. localbitcoins.com ‬‬

‫ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻳﺳﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﺣﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺍﺟﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻟﻳًﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﻭﺍﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﺯﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻔﺿﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﺟﺎﺣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ، ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﻧﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﺳﻣﻰ‪ ‬ﺏ‬ ‫"‪ "altcoins‬ﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺫﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻗﻳﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺟﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﻭﺍﻕ‪ ..‬ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ‬ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺳﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺩﻳﻠﺔ‪: ‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ : ‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺫﻫﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻼﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺩﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻻﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺷﻌﺑﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺯﺍﺋﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺧﻳﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﺳﺗﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﻻﻳﺕ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻓﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ، ‬ﻓﻠﻘﺩ‪ ‬ﺻﻣﻣﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻼﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﺟﻌﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﺭﺧﻳﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻬﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺭﻉ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺟﻳﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ : ‬ﻭﺗﻌﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺣﻭﻱ‪ ‬ﺻﻭﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻛﻠﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻳﺯﺍﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﺭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺗﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻭﻓﺎﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺷﻔﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺗﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺗﻭﺡ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻧﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻅﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺩﻣﺞ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺧﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﻭﺍﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺭﺩﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺩﺍء‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‬ ‫‪5/7‬‬

‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86‬‬

‫‪5/15/2017‬‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻧﻳﻣﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ : ‬ﻣﻠﻳﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﻳﻣﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﻳﻣﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻧﺳﺑﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺿﺑﻁ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ‪ ‬ﻧﺩﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ . ‬ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﻳﻣﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﻧﺷﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻧﻛﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻁﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﻣﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻅﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻭﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺿﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﺎﺋﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺻﻭﻳﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻅﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺟﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﺧﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻳﺭﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ : ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻔﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺭﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺗﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﺗﻛﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻧﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺭﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺳﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺿﻣﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻟﺗﺟﻧﺏ‪ ‬ﺳﻭء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﺑﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ .‬ﻟﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺭﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻗﻳﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻭﻗﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺗﺑﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺩﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺯﺭﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ : ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺿﺎً‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺷﻔﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺛﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻻﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺿﺑﻁ‪ ‬ﺻﻌﻭﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﺛﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺣﻳﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺧﻼﻓﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﺑﻌﺽ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﺯﺭﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺛﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻧﺗﻅﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻟﺩﻣﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺯﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺳﻳﻧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻭء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺭﻉ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﻁﺭﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻘﻳﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫]‪[18‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺻﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺭﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺹ‪ ‬ﻟﻁﺭﺡ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻔﺳﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻛﻧﻠﻭﺟﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻙ‪ ‬ﺷﺎﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪Bitcoin World's Trading Online Platform‬‬ ‫ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺩﻭﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻬﺗﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﻻﻳﺕ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻍ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﺗﻔﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﺑﺩﺃ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﻋُﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺭﺡ‪ُ ‬ﻣﻔﺻﻝ‪ ‬ﺧﺎ ٍﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻘﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﺳﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫"ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ"‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻏﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ‬ﻳﺟﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﺩﺍﻭﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﻏﻳﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪ ‬ﻳﻁﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪» ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ«‪ ‬ﻳﺟﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﺩﺍﻭﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﻳﺭﻛﺎ‪ ‬ﺟﺭﻳﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻬﻳﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪) ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ(‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺭﺻﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺹ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻷﺧﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺷﺎﺗﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺗﺭﻳﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫‪http://www.bitcoinnewsarabia.com‬‬ ‫‪http://www.imgrind.com/rucks­ultimate­100­bitcoin­re ^ .1‬‬

‫‪Block chain ­ Bitcoin Wiki ^ .8‬‬

‫‪/sources‬‬

‫‪) me4onkof. "ArabChain". arabchain.com ^ .9‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬

‫‪Comparison of cryptocurrencies ­ Bitcoin Wiki ^ .2‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ(‪ .‬ﺍﻁﻠﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.31­03­2017 ‬‬

‫‪Ripple ^ .3‬‬

‫‪freebitco.in ^ .10‬‬

‫‪https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf ^ .4‬‬

‫‪ ^ .11‬ﺍﻟﺑﺕ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺟﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺷﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪20 ‬‬ ‫‪ ^ .12‬ﻛﻧﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﺗﺣﺗﺿﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑِﺗْ ُﻛﻭﻳْﻥ‬

‫‪/http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/11/mf_bitcoin ^ .5‬‬ ‫‪ ^ .6‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ؟‬

‫‪ ^ .13‬ﺍﻓﺗﺗﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺻﺭﺍﻑ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻣﻠﺔ‪" ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ"‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺩﺑﻲ‪­ ‬‬

‫‪http://www.aljazeera.net/news/scienceandtechnolog ^ .7‬‬

‫‪CNNArabic.com‬‬

‫‪/y/2016/5/3‬ﺍﻷﺳﺗﺭﺍﻟﻲ­ﺭﺍﻳﺕ­ﻳﺅﻛﺩ­ﺃﻧﻪ­ﻣﺧﺗﺭﻉ­ﻋﻣﻠﺔ­ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬ ‫‪6/7‬‬

‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86‬‬

‫‪5/15/2017‬‬

‫ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ­ ‬ﻭﻳﻛﻳﺑﻳﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺓ‬

‫‪ ^ .14‬ﺷﺭﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﻭﺳﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺳﻁﻳﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺑﺩﺃ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ | ‬ﻋﺭﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬

‫‪ ^ .17‬ﺇﺳﺄﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻛﺗﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻙ‪ ‬ﺷﺎﻳﻥ‬

‫‪ArabicBitCoin.net‬‬

‫‪ ^ .18‬ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﻌﺔ‪ : ‬ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺗﺭﺍﺿﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺭﻯ‬

‫‪http://www.souqsafer.info ^ .15‬‬ ‫‪ ^ .16‬ﺍﺧﺑﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ‪Bitcoin News Arabia‬‬

‫ﻣﺟﻠﻭﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻥ‪&oldid=22892218" ‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ=‪"https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﻭﻣﻧﺯ‪ ‬ﺻﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻔﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺑﻳﺗﻛﻭﻳﻥ ﺃﻧﻅﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﺧﺗﺭﺍﻋﺎﺕ‪ 2009 ‬ﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺎﺕ‪ 2009 ‬ﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﺭﺧﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﻲ ﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻛﻳﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺭﻣﺟﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺣﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻲ‪ ++‬ﺑﺭﻭﺗﻭﻛﻭﻻﺕ‪ ‬ﻁﺑﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﺑﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻣﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺷﺑﻛﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺷﺎﺭﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻣﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺗﺩﺍﻭﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻧﺻﻭﺹ‪ ‬ﻣﻧﺷﻭﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺑﺭﺧﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺑﺩﺍﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﻟﻊ‪ ‬ﺷﺭﻭﻁ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﻔﺎﺻﻳﻝ‪.‬‬

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‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86‬‬