Lilly's History of his Life & Times together with his Life & Death of King Charles I

T H E

L I V E s

• OF THOSE EMINENT ANTIQUARIES

E L I A S A S H M O L E, Efquire, AN 0

Mr. W I L L I A M L I L L Y, WRITTEN BY THEMSELVES; CONTAININC, PlllST, \VILLIAM LILLY's HIs-rony ofHis LIFE and TI1\1ES, \VithNoTts, byMr. ASHMOLE: SECONDL\.., LILLY's LIFE Ar<D DEATH OF CHARLES THE FIRST: ANO LASTLY, TheLIFE ofELIAS ASHivIOLE, Efq:1irc. By Vlay ofDI ARY.

With Several OccAs10NAL LETTERS, )3y CHARLES BURMAN, Efquire.

LO ND ON: frintcdforT.DAv Ii; s, in R11ffel-Strcet, Ctn1ml Gard,,,, MDCCLXXIV.

ADVERTISEMENT TO THE R E A D E R.

ALTHOUGH we cannot, with juitice, compare Elias Afhmole to that excellent Antiquary John Leland, or Willia1n Lilly to the learned and indefatigable Thomas Hearne; yet I think wemayfairly rank them with fuch writers as honeft Antony vVood, whofe Diary greatly refembles that of his coten1porar:r, and intimate friend, Elias Afh1nole.

Some

Some anecdotes, connected with affairs of ftate ; many particulars relating to illuftrious perfons, and antient and noble families ; feveral occurrences in which the Public is interefted, and other matters of a more private nature, can only be found in works of this kind. Hiftory cannot ftoop to the meannefs of examining the materials of which Memoirs are generally compofed.

And yet the pleafure and benefit refulting from fuch books, are manifeft to every reader.

I hope the admirers of the very laborious Thomas Hearne will pardon me, if I fhould venture to give it as my opinion, and with much deference to their judgment, that William Lilly's Life and Death of Charles the firft, contains more ufeful matter of inftruction, as \Yell as more pl endid and ftriking occurrences, than are to be found in feveral of thofe monkifh

ilh volumes publi.(hed by that learned Oxonian.

Lilly affords us many curious parti� culars relating to the life of that unfortunate Prince, \.vhich are no where elfe to be found. In delineating the character of Charles, he feems difpaffionate and impartial, and indeed it agrees perfectly with the general portraiture of him, as it is drawn by our mofr auth.entic Hiftorians.

TheHiftoryof Lilly's Life andTim,es is certainlyone of the moft entertaining narratives in our language. Withrefpecl: to the fcience he profe1Ted of calculating nativities, cafting figures, the prediction of events, and otherappendagesof Aih'Ology, he would fain make us think that he was a very folemn and feriousBeliever. Indeed, fuch is the mannerof telling his ftory, that fometimes the Reader may poffibly be induced to fuppofe Lilly ratheranEnthufiaftthanan Impoftor. He relates

( 6 ) relates many anecdotes of the pre!ertder·s to foretell events, raife fpirits, and othe1· impoftures, with fuch feeming candor, and with fuch an artlefs fimplicity of ftyle, that we are almoftperfuadedto take his word when he protefts fuch an inviolable refpeel: to truth and fincerity.

The powerful genius of Shakefpeare could carry him triumphantly through fubjec\:s the moft unpron1ifing, and fables the moft improbable: ·we therefore cannot wonder at the fuccefs of fuch of · his plays, where the magic of witches, and theincantation of fpiritsare defcribed, or ,vhere the po,ver of Fairies is introduced; when fuch ,vas the Credulity of the times refpecl:ing thefe imaginary Beings, and when that belief was made a fcience of, and kept alive by artful and fuperftitious, knavifh and enthufiafiic teachers; \vhat Lilly relates of thefe people, confidered only as n1atter Qf facl:, is furelyvery curious.

To

To conclude; I know no Record but -this where.vecanfind fojufr, and fo entertaining a Hiftory of Doctor Dee, Doctor Forman, Booker, Winder, Kelly, Evans, (Lilly'sMafrer) the famousWilliam Poole, and CaptainBubb Fifke, Sarah Shelborne, and 1nany others.

To thefe we may add, the uncommon effects of the Cryftal, the appearance of Q_£eenMabb, and other fuange and miraculous, operations, which owe their origin to folly, curiofity, fuperftition, b!iotry and impofture.

T. D.

\Vrore by himfclf in the 66th Year of his Age, at HERSHAM, in the Parilh of \VALTOr. t:PON THAMES, in the County of Si.rRRY.

Propria Manu.

IWA S bo1n �n the county of Leicef.. ter, in an obfcure town, in the northweft borders thereof, called Difeworth, feven miles fouth of the town of Derby, one mile fro1n Caftle-Donnington, a town of great n1denefs, wherein it is not remembered that any of the farmers thereof did ever educate any of their fons to learning, only my grandfather fent hii younger B fon

MR. L1LLY's H1sToRY

fon to Cambridge, whofe name was Robert Lilly, and diedVicar of Cambden in Gloucefrerih-ire, about 1-640.

The town of Dife\VOtth did formerly belong unto the Lord Seagrave, for there is one record in the hands of my ,coufin Melhorn \Nilliamfon, \vhich mentions one acre of land abutting north upon the gates of the Lord Seagrave; and there is one clofe, called Hall-clofe, wherein the ruins of fome ancient Buildings appear, and particularly ·where the dove-houfe ftood; and there is alfo the ruins of decayed filh-ponds and other outhoufes. This town came at lengthto be the inheritance of Margaret, Countefs of Richmond, Mother of Henry VII. which Margaret gave this town and lordfhip of Diieworth unto Chrifr's College in Ca1nbridge, the Mafter and Fellows whereof have ever 1ince, and at prefent, enjoyand poffefs it.

In the church of this town there is but one monument, and that is a white n1arble ftone, now almoft broken to pieces, which was placed there by Robert Lilly, my grandfather, in men1ory of Jane his wife, the daughter of Mr. Poole of Dalby, in the fame county, a fa1nily now quite extingui{hed. My grandmother·s brother was Mr. Henry Poole, one of the Knights of Rhodes, or Templars, who

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 3

being a foldier at Rhodes at the taking thereof by Solyman the Magnificent, and cfcaping ,'Vith his life, came after\vards to England, and 1narried the Lady Parron or Perharn, of Oxfordlhire, and ,vas called, during his life, Sir Henry Poole. William Poole the Afrrologer knew him very well, and ren1embers him to have been a very tall perfon, and reputed of great ftrength in his younger years.

The impropriation of this town of Difeworth was formerly the inheritance of three fifrers, whereof two became votaries; one in the nunnery of Langly in the parifh of Difeworth, valued at the fuppreffion, I mean the whole nunnery, at thirty-twopounds per annum, and this fifter's part is yet enjoyed bythe family of the Grayes, who now, and for fome years pafr, have the enjoyment and poffeffion of allthe lands formerly belonging to the nunnery in the pari{h of Difeworth, and are at prefent of the yearly value of three hundred and fifty pounds per annum. One of the fifrers gave her part of the great tithes unto a religious houfe in Bredon upon the f-Iill ; and, as the inhabitants report, became a religious perfon atterwards

The third fifter married, and her part of the tithes in fucceeding agesbecamethe

• 4

1V1R. L!LLv's Il1sroR'l

Earl of Huntingdon's, who not many years !ince fold it to ont: of his fervants.

The donation of the vicarage is in the giftof the Grayes of Langley, unto who1n they pay yearly, (I mean unto the Vicar) as I aminformed, fix pounds _p�r annum. Very lately fome chantable c1t1zens have purchafed one third portion of the tithes, andgiven itfor a m.aintenance of a preaching minifter, and it is no,v of the value of about fifty pounds per annun1.

There have been two hermitages in this parifh ; the laft hermit was well remembered by one Thon1as Cooke, a very ancient inhabitant, \vho in n1yyounger years acquainted me therewith.

This tovvn of Difeworth is divided into three parilhes; one part belongs unto Lockington, in which part ftandeth my father's houfe, over-againft the weft end of the fteeple, invvhich I was born: fo1ne other farms are in the parifh of Bredon, the reft in the pari{h of Difeworth.

In this town,but in thepari{h of Lockington, was I bor11, the firft day of May, 1602.

My father's name was William Lilly, fon of Robert, the fon of Robert, the fon . of Rowland, &c. My mother v.·as Alice, the daughter of Edward Barha1n, of Fifkerton Mills, in Nottinghamfuire, two n1iles from Newark upon Trent: this Edward

Of HIS LIFE AND Tt�1ES. 5

,vard Barham ,vas born in Norvvich, and well remembered the rebellion of l(ctt the Tanner, in the days of Edv,ard VI. Our family have continued many ages in this t◊'wn as yeomen; befides the fann my father and his ancefiors lived in, both 1ny father and grandfather had much free land, and 1nany houfes in the town, not belonging to the college, as the farm \vhercin they \.Vere all bo111t doth, and is now at this prefent of the value of forty pounds per annu1n, and in poffeilion of my brother's fon; but the freehold land and houfes, formerlypurchafed by 1ny anceftors, "vere all fold by my grandfather and father; fo that now ourfamily depend wholly upon a college leafe. Of n1y infancy I can fpeak little, onlyI do remen1ber that in th� fourth year of my age I had the mealles.

I \Vas, duringmy n1inority, put to learn at fuch fchools, and of fuch n1afiers, as the rudenefs of the place and country afforded; my mother intending I fhould be a fcholar from 1ny infancy, feeing my father's back!lidings in the v..rorld, and no hopes by plain hulband1y to recruit a decayedeftate; thereforeupon TrinityTpefday, 1613, my father had me to Afhby de la Zouch, to be infirucl:ed by one Mr. John Brinfley; one, in thofe times, of �reat abilities for inftrucl:ion of youth in B 3 the

MR. LILLY'S HISTORY

the Latin and Greek tongues; he was very fevere in his life and converfation, and �id breed up many fcholars for the univedities : in religion he was a ftrict: Puritan, not conformable wholly to the ceremonies of the Church of Engl�nd. In this town of A!hby de laZouch, for many years together, Mr. Arth�r Hilderlham exercife� his miniftry at my being there ; and all the ,vhile I continued at Afhby, he was filenced. This is that famous Hilderfham, who left behind him a commentary on the fifty-firfrPfalm; as alfo many fermons upon the fourth of John, both which are printed : he was an excellent textuary, of exen1plary life, pleaf�nt in difcourfe, a ftrong enemy to the Brownifts, and diffentcd not from the Church of England in any a1ticle of faith, but only about wearing the furplice, baptizing w·ith the crofs, and kneeling at the facrament; moft of the people in the town were direRed by his judgment, and fo continued, and yet do continue preibyterianlv affected; for when the Lord of , Loughborough in 1642, 1643, 1644, and 1645, had his garrifon in that town, if by chance at any time any troops of horfe had lodged ,vithin the town, though they came late at night to their quarters; yet wquld one or other of the town prefently give Sir Jp,hn 9ell of Derby notice, fo

• ;hat

OF HIS LILE AND Trr-1Es. 7

that ere next morning moil: of his Majefty's troops ,vere feized in their lodgings, v,rhich 1noved the Lord of Loughborough merrily to fay, there was not a fart let in Alby but it was prefently carried to Derby.

The feveral authors I there learned were thefe, viz. Sententiw Pueriles, ·cato, Corderius. fEfop's Fables, Tully's Offices, Ovid de Triftibus; laftly, Virgil, then Horace; as alfo Camden's Greek Grammar, Theognis and Homer's Iliads: I ,vas only entered into Udall's Hebrew Grammar; he never taught Logick, but often would fay it ...vas fit to be learned in. the univerfities.

In the fourteenth year of my age, by � fellow fcholar of fwarth, black complexion, I had like to have my right eye beate\1 out as we \vere at play ; the fame yea.·, about Michaelmas, I got a furfeit, and thereupon a fever, by eating beech-nuts.

In the fixteenth year of my age I wai exceedingly troubled in my dreams con. ccrning my falvation and damnation, and alfo concerning the fafety and deftruction of the fouls of my father and mother; in the nights I frequently v,rept, prayed and mourned, for fear my fins n1ight offend God.

In the feventeenth year of 1ny age my mother died. B 4 In

MR. LILLv's H1sToR v

In the eighteenth year of my age my mafter Brinfley was enforced from keeping fchool, being perfecuted by the Bifhop's officers, he came to London, and then lectured in London, where he after,vards died. In this year, by reafon of my father's poverty, I was al(o enforced to leave fcqool, andfo cam<:tq myfather's houfe, where I lived in much penury for pne year, and taught fchool one quarter of a year, until God's providence provided better for me. •

For the two laft years of my being at fchool, I was of the higheft fqrm in the fchool, andchiefeftof that form; I could then fpeak Latinaswell as Englifh; c-0ulq make extempore verfes upon any theme; all kinds of verfes, Hexan1eter, Pentame� ter, Phaleuciacks, Iambicks, Sapphick�, &c. fo that if any fcholars from remote fchools came to difpute, I ,vas ringleader 1:o <lifpute with them; I could cap verfes, &c. If any minifter came to examine us, Iwas brought forth againft him, nor would I argue with him unlefs in the Latin tongue, which Ifound few· of them could well fpeak without breaking Prif:.. cian's head; which, if once they did, I would complain to my 1nafter, Non /Jene intelligit /ingua1n Latina1n, neeprorfasloquitur. In the derivation of words; I found -· moft , .

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 9

moil: of them defective, nor indeed\vere any of them good grain1narians: all and every of thofc fcholars who ,vere of my form and !landing, went to Cambridge and proved excellent divines, only poor I, Wilham Lilly, was not fo happy; fortune then frowning upon father's prefent condition, he not in any capacity to maintain me at the univerfity.

Ofthe Manner how I can1e unto London.

Wo1thy fir, I take much delight to recount unto you, even all and every circumftance of my life, whether good, n1oderate, or, evil; Deo g!oria.

My father had one Samuel Smatty for his Attorney, unto whom I went fundry tin1es with letters, who perceiving I was a fcholar, and that I lived miferably in the country, lofing my time, nor any :ways likely to do better, if I continued there; pitying mycondition, he fent word for n1e to come and fpeak with him, and told me that he had lately been at London, where there was a gentleman ,vanted a youth, to attend him and his wife, who could write, &c.

I acquainted 1ny father with it, who \Vas very ,villing to be rid of me, for I �onld

MR. LILLY's H1sToRY

could not \vork, drive the plough, or endure any country labour; my father oft would fay, I v. as good for nothing.

I had only twenty fhil!ings, and no more, to buy me a newfuit, hofe, doublet, &c. my doublet was fuftian: I repaired to Mr. Smatty, \Vhen I was accoutred, for a letter to my mafter, which he gave me.

Upon Monday, April 3, 1620, I departed from Difeworth, and came toLeicefter: but I muft acquaint you, that before I came away I vifited.my friends, amongft whom I had given me about ten fhillings, which was a great comfort unto me. On Tuefday, April the 4th, I took leave of my father, then in Leicefter gaol for debt, and came along with Bradfbaw the carrier, the fame perfon withwhommanyoftheDukeofBuckingham's kindred had come ·up with. Hark ho\v the waggons crack v,ith their rich lading! It was a very ftormy week, cold and uncomfo1table: I footed it all along; we could not reach London until PalmSunday, the 9th of April, about half an hour after three in the afternoon, at which timewe entered Smithfield. When I had gratified the carrier and his fervants, I had feven fhillings and fix pence left, and no more; one fuit of cloaths

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. II

upon my back, two fhirts, three bands, onepair of !hoes, and as many flockings. Upon the delivery of myletter my mafter entertained me, and next day bought me a new cloak, of which you may imagine (good Efquire) whether I was not proud of; befides, I fa\v and eat good white bread, contrary to our diet in Leicefterfhire. My mafter's name \vas Gilbe1t Wright, born at Market Bofworth in Leicefterfhire; my miftrefs was born atAfubyde laZouch, in the famecounty, and in the to,vn where I had gone to fchool. Tl1is Gilbert Wright could neither write nor read; he lived upon his ;:innual rents, ,vas of no calling or profeffion; he had for many years been fervanttothe Lady Pawlet in Hertford!hire; and when Serjeant Puckering was made Lord keepe1·, he made him keeper of his lodgings at Whitehall. When Sir Thomas Egerton was made Lord Chancellor, he entertained himin thefameplace; and \vhen he married a widow in Newgate Market, the Lord Chancellor recommended him to the company of Salters, London, to admit him into their company, and fo they did, and my mafter in. 1624, was: mafier of that company; he was a man of excellent natural parts, and \vould fpeak publickly upon any occaf!on very rationally and to the purpofe. I

MR. LILLv'sI-I1sToRY

,vrite this, that the world mayknow he ,vas no taylor, ormyfelf of that orany othercallingorprofeffion: Mywork,vas togobeforemymafter tochurch; toattend my n1afrer whenhe went abroad; tomakecleanhisfhoes; fweeptheftreet; help to drive bucks ,vhen we wafhed; fetch,vater in a tub fromtheThames: I have helped to cany eighteen tubs of waterinonemorning, weed thegarden; allmannerof drudgeries I willinglyperformed; fcrapetrenchers, &c. If I had anyprofcffion, it ,vas of this nature: I fhouldneverhavedeniedmybeingataylor, had I been one; forthere isnocalling fo bafe, ·whichbyGod'smercymay not afford alivelihood; andhadnotmy mafterentertainedme, I wouldhavebeen of a very mean profeffion ere I would have returned into the country again; fohere endstheactionsof eighteenyears of mylife.

My maftermarriedhisfecondwife for her eftate; {he was competently rich; {he married him for confiderations he performed not, (nocturnal fociety) fa that they lived very uncomfortably; fhe ,vas about feventyyearsof age, he fixty fix ormore; yet never \Vas anywoman morejealous of ahufuandthanfhe,; info}nuch, that ,vhenfoever he went into Londo11, {he ,vas confident ofhis going

OF HIS LIFE AND T1M:ES, 13

towomen; by thofe means mylife\vas the more nnco1nfortable, it being very difficult topleafe two fuchoppofite natures: However, asto thethingsof this world I had enough, and endured their difcontents \vith much ferencnefs. My miftrefswasverycurioustoknowoffuch asvverethencalled cunningorwifemen, "vhether {he fhould bury her huiband? She frequently vifited fuch perfons, and thisoccafionbegot inmealittle defireto learn fomething that way, but wanting 1noney to buybooks, I laid afide thefe motions, and endeavouredtopleafeboth mafterandmiftrefs.

Of my Mifirefs's Death, and Occafion thereof by Means of a Cancer in her Breafi.

In 1622 fhecomplainedofapaininher leftbreaft,whereonthereappearedatfirft ahardknob no bigger thanafmallpea; it increafed in a little time very n1uch, wasveryhard, andfo1neti1nes\.vouldlook very red; fhe took advice of furgeons, had oils, fear-cloths, platesoflead, and whatnot: Inr623 itgrewverybig, and fpreadalloverherbreaft; thenformany :veeks rulticeswere _ applied to it, which 1n continuance of time broke the fkin, and

MR. LILLY'S HISTORY

and then abundance of watery thin ftuff came from it, but nothingelfe; at length the mattercameto fuppuration, butnever any great ftore iffued forth; it was exceeding noifome and painful; from the beginning of it until {he died, fhe ,vould permit no furgeon to drefs it but only myfelf; I appliedeverything unto it, and her pa.inswere fo great thewinterbefore fhe died, that I have been called out of my bed two or three ti1nes in one night to drefs it and change plaifters. In 1624 by degrees with fciflars I cut all thewhole breaft away, I mean the finews, nerves, &c. In one fortnight, or ,little n1ore, it appeared, as it were, mere fl.efh, all raw, fo that fhe could fcarce endure any unguent to beapplied. I remember there was a great cleft through the middle of the breaft, which when that fully appeared fhe died, ·which was in Septembel' 1624; my mafter being theninthecountry, his kindred in London would wil� lingly have had 1nourning for her; but by advice of an efpecial friend of his I contradicted them; nor would I permit them to look into any chcft or trunk in the houfe: She was decently buried, and fo fond of me in the time of her ficknefs, fhe vvould never permit me out of her chamber, gave n1e five pounds in old gold, and fent me unto a private trunk of hers

OFHISLIFEANPTIMES. I5

hers at a friend's houfe, where {he had one hundred pounds in gold; {he bid me bring it away and take it, but ,vhen I openedthetrunk I found nothing therein; for a kinfman of hers had been there a few days before and carried all away: She was in a great paffion at 111y relating thereof, becaufe ihe could not gratify my pains in all her ficknefs, advifed me to help myfelf when ihe ,vas gone, out of my mafter's goods, which I never did.

Courteous Efquire, be not weary of reading hereof, or ,vhat followeth.

When my miftrefs died, ihe had under her arm-hole a fmall fcarlet bag full of many things, which, one that was there delivered unto me. There "vas in this bagfeveralfigils, fomeof JupiterinTrine, others of the nature of Venus, fome of iron, and one of gold, of pure angelgold, of the bignefs of a thirty three ihilling piece of King James's coin. In the circumference on one fide ,vas eograven, Vicit Leodetribujudce'I'etragra1111naton +, within the middle there was engraven an holy lamb. In the other circumference there was Amraphel and three +. In the middle, Sane/us Petrus, • Alpha and Omega.

The occafion of framing this figil was thus; her former hufuand travelling into Suffex, happened to lodge in an inn, and to

MR. LrLLy's I-IrsToR Y

to lie in a chan1bcrthereof; wherein, not many months before a countrygrazier had lain, and in the night cut his o,vn throat; afterthisnight'slodginghewasperpetually, and for many years, followed by a fpirit, wl\ich vocally and articulately provoked him to cut his throat; he was ufed frequently to fay, ' I defy thee, I defy thee; and to fpit at the fpirit; this fpirit fol.. lo,ved him many years, he not making any body acquainted with it; at laft he grewmelanchollyanddifcontented; which being carefully obferved by his ,vife, fhe many times hearing him pronounce, ' I defy thee,' &c. fhedefired himto acquaint her with thecaufe of his difte1nper,which he then did. Away fhe went to Dr. Simon Forman, who lived then in Lambeth, and acquaints him with it; who having framed this figil, and hanged it about his neck, he wearing it continually until he died, was never more molefted by the f];)irit: I fold the figil for thirty two fhilhngs, but tranfcribed the words 'Verbatim as I have related. Sir, you fhall nowhave a ftory of this Simon Forman, as his widow, vvhom I well knew, related it unto me. But before I relate his death, I fhall acquaint you fomething of the man, as I have gathered them from fome manufcripts of his ovvn writing.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 17

Of Dr. Sin1on Forman.

He was a chandler's fon in the city of \Veltminll:er. He travelled into Holland for a month in I580, purpofely to be inftrucl:cd in aftrology, and other more occult fcienccs; as alfo in phyfick, taking his degree of Docl:or beyondfeas : being fufficiently furni{hed and inftruct:ed ·with what he defired, he returned into England towards the latter end of the reign of �een Elizabeth, and flourifhed until that year of K.ing James, wherein the Com1tefs of Effex, the Earl of Somerfet, and Sir Thomas Overbury's matters were queftioned. He lived in Lambeth with a very good report of the neighbourhood, efpecially of the poor, unto 'vvhom he was charitable. He was a perfon that in horary queftions (efpecially thefts) ,vas very judicious and fortunate; fo alfo in ficknetres, ,vhich indeed ,vas his n1afrerpicce. In refolving queftions about marriage he had good fuccefs : in other queftions very moderate. He ,�'as a perfon. of indefatigable pains, I have feen fometimes half one fueet of paper wrote of his judgrnent upon one queftion; in ·writing \vhcreof he ufed much tautology, as you may fee yourfelf (moft excellent Eiquire) if you read a great book of Dr. C Flood's,

18

?i!R. LLLLY's-Hrsl'oR'll' Flood's,. -which: you.have, who .had all that book·from th� manufcripts of Forn1an; foi: I have U:en the fame word for word in an Englifh manufcri-pt formerly belongingto Do�:torWilloughbyof Gloucefterfhire. Had Forman lived to have methodized his own papers, I doubt not but he would have advanced the Jatromathematicalpartthereofverycompleatly; for he v,as very obfervant, and kept notes of the fucce(s of his judgments, as iµ many of his figures I have obferved. I very well remember to have read in one of his mannfr.ripts, \.vhat followeth.

'Being in bedone morning' (fayshe) 'I ' ·was defirous to kno"v whether I fhould 'ever be a Lord, Earl or Knight, &c. ' whereupon Ifeta figure; andthereupon ' 1ny judgrnent:' by which he concluded, that within two years ti1ne he fhould be a Lord orgreat man: ' But,' fayshe, ' be, fore the t,vo years were expired, the ' Doctors put me in Ne,vgatc, and no'thing ca1ne.' Notlong after, he \vas defirous to kno\v the fan1e tllings concerning his honour or great/hip. Another figute ·was iet, and that pro111ift:!d hi1n to be a great Lord within one year. But he fets down, that in that year he:: had no prefermentatall; only ' I became ' acquainted vvith a merchant's wife, by ' whom I got ·well.' There is another fio-ure 0

,

OF INS LI;FE A'N1> TIMiS. 19 figure concerning: one,�ir·---Ayre his going into·Turkq, whether it ,vould be a good voyage or not: The Doctor repeats aU his aftrological reafons, and n1ufters them together, and then gave his judginent it would be ;3. fortunate voyage. But under this figure, he con-eludes, ' this proved not fo, for he was ' takenprifoner bypiratesetehearrived in ' Turkey, and loft all.' He fet feveral queftions to kno,v if he {hould attain the philofophers ftone, and the figures, according to his frraining, did feem to fignify as much; and then he tuggs upon theafpecl:sand con.figurations, andelected a fit time to begin his operation; but by andby, in conclufion, he adds, ' fo the ' work,ventvery forward; but upon the ' o of <1 the fetting-glafs broke, and I ' loft all mypains:· He fets down five or fix fuch judgments, but frill complains all came to nothing, upon the malignant afpecl:s of Yi and cl. Although fome of his aftrological judgments did fail, more particularly thole concerning himfelf, he being no way capable of fuch preferment as he ambitioufiy defired; yet I fi1all repeat fon1e other of his judgments, which <lid not fail, being performed by conference ,vith fpirits. My miftrefs went once unto him, to know when her hufhand, thenin Cumberland, wouldreturn, C 2 he

�o

Mi. L1LLY's Hxs·roRY

he having pron1ifed to be at home near the time of thequeftion; afterfome confideration, he told her to thiseffect: ' Iviargery,'

' for fo her namewas, ththuibandi.villnot

• be at homethefe.eighteen days; his kin-

• dred have vexed him, and h.e is come

• ai.vay from them in much anger: h.e is

• now in Carlifle, andhath but threepence

• in his purfe.• And when he carne home he confeffed all to be true, and that upon leaving his kir.dred hehad but three pence in his purfe. I fhall relate one ftory more, and then his death.

One Coleman, clerk to Sir Thomas Beaun1ont of Leiceftedhire, having had fome.1:iberal favours both from his Lady and her daughters, bragged of it, &c. The Knight brought him into the ftarchamber, had his fervant fentenced to be pilloried, whipped, and afte1wards, during life, to be imprifoned. The fentence was executed i.n London, and ,vas to be in Leicefterfhire: Two keepers were to convey Coleman from. the Fleet to Leicefter. My miftrefs taking confideration of Colemanr and the miferies he was to fuffer, went prefently to Forman, acquainted.him therewith; ,vho. after confideration, iwore Coleman had lain both with mother and daughters; and befides faid, that the old Lady being afflicted with fits of the n1other, c..1lled him into her

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 2! her chatnber to holc.l do\vn the fits with his hands; and that he holding his hands aboutthebreaft, fue cried ' Lower, lower,' and put his hands below her belly; and then--He alfo told 1ny miftrefs in what pofture he lay with the young Ladies, &c. andfaid, ' theyintend in Leicefter to whip • hi1n to death; but I a.ffure thee, Mar' gery,he !hallnever come there; yet they ' fet forward tomorrow,' fays he; and fo his t.vo keepers did, Coleman's legs being locked .vith an iron chainunderthehorft:'s belly. In this nature they travelled the firft and fecond day; on the third day the two keepers, Jeeing their prifoner's civility the two preceding days, did not lock his chain under the horfe's belly as formerly, but locked it only to one fide. In this pofture they rode fome miles beyond Northampton, when, on a fudden, one of the keepers had a neceffity to untrufs, and fo the other and Colc111an ftood ftill; by and by the other keeper d�fired Cole1nan to hold his horfe, for he had occafion alfo: Coleman immediatelytook one of their fwords, and ran through two of the horfes, killil}g then1 ftark dead; gets upon the other, .vith one ofthe·r f;,.vords; ' Fare�veU,gen• tle1nen,' quothhe, ' tellmymafter 1 have ' no mind to be whipped in Lcicefterfhire,' and fo ,vent his wc1y. The two keepers C 3 in

MR. L1LLY1S HlSTORY

in all ha.fie went to a-gentleman's houfe near at hand, complaining of their mifforttine, and defired of him to purfue their prifoner, which he \vith much. civility granted; l>ut ere the horfes could be got ready) the miftrefsof the houfe came down, and enquiring what the matter was, went to the ftable, and commanded the horfes to l>e unfaddled, with this fharp fpeech-' Let the Lady Beaumont ' and her daughterslivehonefily, noneof ' my horfes fhall go forth µpon this oc' cafion.'

I could relate ma11y fuah fiories of his performances; as �lfo what he wrote in a bookleft behind him, vi�. ' This 1 made ' the devil write with his O\Vn hand in • Lambeth Fi�lds r596, i11June or July, ' asI nowremember.' He profeffedtohis wife there would l?e mt1ch trouble about Carr and the Countefs of E{fex, whq frequently reforted unto him, and from whofe company hewoul<\ fometimes lock h.imfelf in his ftudy a whole day. No\v we come to hi� death, which happened as follows; the Sunday night before hedied, bis wife and h� being at [upper in their garden-houfe, fhe being ple11fant, tol� him: thatfhe had be�n iqform�d h,::could refolve, whether man or '\'Vife fhould die £rft; 'Whether JhallI' (quoth!he)' bury · 'youornQ?' '0hTrunco;fq.r fq�Y calle;l h�r,

OF HtS LIFE AMD TIMES. 23 her, ' thou wilt bury me, but thou wilt ' much reperrtjt.' 'Yea-,butho,vlong firfl;?'

•I lhaH die,' faid he, '.ere 1-'hurfd�aynight.' Monday came, all was • well. Tuefday -came, he not fick. WednefcJay came, and ftiil he was well; with which his iinpertienent wife did much twit him in• the teeth. - Thurfday came, and dinner was ended, he very well : he went down . to the water-fide, and took a pair of oars to go to fome buildings he was in hand with in Puddle-dock. .Being in the middle of the Thames, he prefently fell down, onlyfayi.n,g, ' An impoft, animpoft,' and fo died. A 1noft fad ftorn1 of wind immediately following. He died worth one thoufand two hundred po1.1nds, and left only one fon called Clement. All his rarities, fecret manufcripts, of vvhat quality foever, Dr. Napper of Lindford in Buckinghamlh.ire had, who had been a long tim..e his fc:holar; and of whom Forman ,vas ufed to fay he would be a· ,dunce : Yet in continuance of ti 1ne he proved a fingular aftrologer and phyfician, Sir Richard no-.v living I believe has all thofe rarities in polfoffion, which \Vere b'orman·s,- being kinfrn&n and heir unt0 Dr. Napper. [His fon Thomas Napper, Efq; moil:generoufly gave 1noft of thefe 111anufc1;ipt$ to Elias Afhmole, Efq;J 1 hope you \\:ill pardon :this digreffion.

C 4 1\fter

24

l\tlR. LILLY's H1s;r0Rv i'.";

After my miftrefs-�\VJS. dead,•:I l..:Y&.i• moil:: .comfortably., my ma_l'l:er having �great\affection for me. r-�rr

'·""Ilhe -ye£r l625 now comes' on' and the,.plagu-e,exceeding viotent, I will relate what I obferved the fpring before it broke forth. Againft our corner ho6fe every night there would come down, about five or fix of the clock, fometi.me one hundred or more boys, fome playing, others as if in ferious difcourf�, an4 ju!\: as it grew dark ,,vould all be gone home; many fucceeding years there was no fuch, or any concourfe ufually, no more than four or five in a con1pany : In the fpring of 1625� the boys and youths of feveral parilhes in like nun1ber appeared again, which I beholding, calledThomas Sanders, my landlord, and told him, that the youth and young hoys of feveral parifhes did in that na'tui:e -affe1nble and play, in the beginniag of theyear r625. ' God blefs us,' quoth L ' from a plag1..1e this year;' but then there fucceeded one, and the greateft that ever was in London, In 1025, the vifitation encreafing, and my mafter having a great charge of money and plate, fon1e of his own, fome other men's, left me and a fellow-fervant to keep the- houfe, 3,nd himfelf in June \vent into Leicefterihire. :He was· in that .year feoffee collector

OF H1S LIFE 'A'ND TIMES, 25 lecl:or for twelve.poor -alms-people living in Clement:-Dane's Church-Yard; whofe penfions I ii� his abfence r.aid�eekly, to his and•panfi1s great fat1sfachon. My mafrerwas no fooner gone down, btit l bought a bafs-viol, and got a mafter to infrrua n1t:; the intervals of time I fJ.>ent in bov;rlingin Li11,,)ln's-Im1-Ficlds, with Watthecoh; , Dick the blackfmith, and fuch like ,.'�•'·, • ,r.s: vVe have fometi1nes be�n et O\.:- \ uik atfixinthemorning, ar,d � c:-nit nued till three or four in the aftt:.•• 1 1nany times without bread or dr: 1 Jl that while. Sometimes I ,vent :: c,1urch and heard fllneral fermo'1s, of ·which there was then great plenty. .At other times I went early to St. Antholine's in London, where there was every mornix:g a fermon. The moft able people of the ·whole city and fuburbs were out of to,vn; if any re1nained, it w�r.e f�h as ,vere engaged by parifh.. offic<:S tp remain; no habit of a gentleman 01·. ·woman continued; the woeful (:alamity of that year was grievous, people dying in the open fields and in the open fueets. At lafr, in Augu!'l:, the bills of mortality fo encreafed, that very few peopieh:id thoughts of furviving the contagion: The Sunday before the great billcameforth, which,.,,asoffivethoufand and odd hundreds, there w&s appointed a f.'1.cra�

2'6 MR. LILLY's HrsTORY

a facrament at Clement Dane's ; during the diftributing whereof I do very well re1nember we fang thirteen parts of the one hundred and nineteeth Pfalm. One Jacob, our minifter (for wehad three that day, th� communion was fo great) fell fick as he was giving the facrament, went home, and was buried of the plague the Thurfday fol!o,ving. Mr. Jan1es, another of the minifters, fell fick ere he had quite finifhed, had the plague, and \'Vas thirteen weeks ere he recovered. Mr. Whitacre, the !aft of the three, cfoaped not only then, but all the contagion follov.•ing, without any ficknels at all; though he officiated at every funeral, and buried all manner of people, whether they died of the plague or not. He was given to drink, feldom could preach more than one quarter of an hour at a tin1e, &c. In November my1nafter came hon1e. My fellow-fervant's and my diet came weekly to fix fhillings and fix pence, fon1etimes to [even fhillings, fo cheap was diet at that time,

In February of that year, my m:rfrer married again (one who after his death became my wife). In the fa1ne year.11e fettled upon me, during my life, twenty pounds per annum, which I have enjoyed ever fince, even to the writing hereof. -•

May

oF tns LIFE A'ND T1;1,1r:s. '-7

May 22, r627, mymafter died at tho corner h.oufe in the Strand, where,·I alfu lived fo long. fie died inteftate� my tniftrefs i-elinquifhing theadminiftration,• it came tohis elder brother, who affigned the eftate over to 1nefor paymentof my mafter'sdebts; "vhich beingpaid, Ifaithfully returned the remaining part unto his adminiftrator; nor had one penny of the eftate more th�n twenty pounds per a1111um, ,vhich \.Vas allowed me by contract, to undertake the pay1nent of my mafter's debts.

Ofmy Marriage the firft Time.

My miftrefs had been twice married to old men, was now refolved to be couzened no more; fhe was of a bro,vn ruddy complexion, corpulent, of but mean ftature, plain, no education, yet a veryprovident perfon, and of good condition: She had many fuitors, old men, \vhom fhe declined; fome gentlemen of decayed fortunes, ,vhom {he liked not, for!he was covetous and fparing: Bymy fellow-ferva11tfhcwas obfervedfrequently to fay, !he cared not if !he married � man that,vouldlove her, fo thathehad never apen11y; andwouldordinarily talk pf me ,vhen !he wa� in bed; This fervant

LILLY's HtsToRv

vant gave me encouragement to give the onfet : I was 111uch perplexed hereat, for lhouldI attempt her, and be flighted, {he 1,vould never ca1e for me after\lvards; but again, I confidered that if I fhould atte1npt and fail, {he ·would never fpeak of it; or 1,vould any believe I durft be fo audacious as to propound fuch a q11eftion, the difproportion of years and fortune beingfo great betwixt us: However, all her talk was of hufbands, and in my prefence faying one day after dinner, {he rcfpcttcd not wealth, but defired an honefl: 1nan; I made anf,ver, I thought I could fit her with fuch a hufband; {he afked me, where? I made no more ado, but prefently faluted her, and told her myfelf was the man: She replied, I was too young; I faid nay; what I had not in wealth, I ,,,,ou]d fupply in love; and faluted her frequently, ,vhich ihc accepted lovingly; and next <lay at dinner made me fit down at dinner with my hat on 111y head, and faid, /he intended to 1nake me her hu/band; for which I gave her n1any falutes, &c.

I was very careful to keep all things fecret, for Iwell knew, if'G1e fhoufdtake c9unfel of anyfriend, my hopes ,vouldbe {rufl:rated, therefore I fuddenly.procured hier confent to n1arry, unto 1,vhich fhe afientcd; fo that upon the eighth day • of

OF ItIS LIF!t ANtl TIMES. f9 of Septen1ber 1627, atSt. G�orge's church in Southwark, I-'\\,as marned unto-her, and for t\'VO \vh-Ole years \VC kept it iecret. \Vhen itwas �ivulged, and folne people blamed her for it, �e conft�tly replied, that !he had no kmdred; if I proved kind, and a good hufuand, ihe ,vould make me a man; if I proved otherwife, lhe only undid herfelf. In the third and fourthyears after ourmarriage, ,ve had ftrong fuits of la\v v,ith her firft hufuand's kindred, but overthre,v the1n in the end. During all the tin1e ofher life, ,vhichwasuntilOctober 1633, ,ve lived very lovingly, I frequenting no con1pany at all; my exercifcswe1·e fon1etimes angling, in ,vhich I ever delighted: l\1y co1hpanions, t,vo aged men. 1 then frequented lectnres, tv.o or three in a week; I heardl\tlr. SuteinLb1nbardStreet, Mr. Gouge of Black-Fryi!rs, Di'. l\.1ickleth,vait of the Temple, Dr. Oldf"'orth, withothers, the1noftlearned Il1fTl ofthefetimes, and ieaned in judgn1cot to Puritanifm. In-OEtober 1627, I,vas made freeof theSalters companyin London.

-

}low I came to fl:udy .'\fl:rology..

It happened on one Sunday 1632, as myfelfand a Jufiice ofPeace'sclerkwere, bt!fore

MR. LILLY's HxsToRY

befor�fetvice, difcotlrfing of manythings, he chanct!d to fay, that fuch apcrfon was a great frholar, nay, fo learned; that he could mak� an Almanack, which to 1ne then was ftrllnge : One fpcech begot another, till, at lafr, he faid, he could bting me acquainted with one Evans in GunPowder-Alley, ,vho had formerly lived in Stafford!hire, that Vl'as an excellent ,,.·ife man, and ftudied the Black Art. The fiune weekafterwe,venttofee Mr. Evans. When \Ve came to his houfe, he having been drunk the night before, was upon his bed, if it be la\vful to call that a bed whereon he then lay; he roufed up bimfelf, and, after fo1ne compliments, hewas content to inftrucl: 1ne in aftrology; I attended his heft opportunities for {even or eight weeks, in which ti1ne I could fet a figure perfectly : Books he had not any, except I-Ialy de judiciis Afrrorurn, and Orriganus's Ephemerides; fo that as often as I entered his houfe, I thought Iwas in theWildernefs. No\vfomething of the man: He \vas by birth a Welfhman, a l\1after of Arts, and in facred orders ; he had formerly had a cure of fouls in Staffordihire, but now v.-as come to try his fortunes at London, beingin a manner enforced to fly for fome offe1!ces very fcandalous C!)m1nitted by hin1 in thefe parts, -..vhere he had lately liv�d; for

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. .31

for he gave judgment upon things loft, the only {han1e of aftrology: He \vas the moft faturnine perfon my eyes ever beheld> either before I practifed or fince; of amiddleftature, broad forehead, beetlebrowcd, thick fhoulders, flat nofed, full lips, do\vn-looked, bl�ck �urli1_1g . fti.ff hair, fplay-footed; to give lum his right, he had the moft piercing judgment naturallyupon a figure of theft, and many other queftions, that I ever met withal; yet for money he would \villingly gi·:e contrary judg1nents, \Vas much addicted to debauchery, and then very abufive and quarrelfome, feldorn without a black eye, or one mifchief or other: This is the fame Evans who made fo many antimonial cups, upon the fale ·whereof he principallyfubfifted; he underftood Latin very "·ell, the Greek tongue not at all: He had fome arts above, and beyond afl:rology, for he was well verfed in the nature of fpirits, and had many ti1nes ufed the circular \vay of invocating, as in the ti1ne of our fa1niliarity he told me. rrwo of his actions I will relate, as to me delivered. 1'here was in Stafford!hire a young gentlewoman th:it had, for her prefern1ent, 1narried an aged rich perfon, who being defirous to purchafe fom� lands for his wife's 1naintenance; but this young gentlc..voman, his wife, was defired

32. !vIR. LtLLY's H1STORY

dcfired to buy the land in thenatlle of a gentleman, her very dear friend, but for her ufe : After the aged man was dead, the widow could by no means procurethe deed of purchafefromher friend; whereupon fue applies herfelf to Evans, who, for a fum of money, promifes to have her deed fafely delivered into her own hands; the fum v.as fo1ty pounds. Evans applies himfelf to the invocation of the angel Salmon, of the nature of Mars, reads his Litany in the CommonPrayer-Book e,•ery day, at [elect: hot1rs, ·wears his furplice, lives orderly all that time; at the fortnight's end Salmon appeared, and having received his commands what to do, in a fmall time returns with the very deed defired, lays it do\vn gently upon a table where a white cloth was fprcad, and then, being dif1niffed, vanifued. The deed was, by the gentleman who formerly kept it, placed among many other of his evidences in a large wooden chefr, and in a chamber at one end of thehoufe; butnpon Salmon's removingand bringing avvaythe deed, all thatbayofbuilding,vasquiteblowndown, andall hisownproperevidencestorn allto pieces. The fecond H:ory followcth.

Sometime before I became acqna:ntcd "?.·ith him, he then living in the l\1inories, was den.red by the Lord Both\\·cll and

Ot HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 3J

and �- Kenelm Digby to {how them a fpirit. He promifed fo to do : the time came, and they .ve.re all in the body of the circle, when 10, upon a fudden, after fome time of invocation, Evans was taken from out the room, and carried into the field near Batterfea Caufeway, clofe to the Thames. Next morning a countryman going by to his labour, and efpying a 1nan in black cloaths, <:an1e unto him and awaked him, and aik.ed him hov, hecame there? Evans by this underftood his condition, enquired where he w.1s, ho,v far from London, and in .vhat parifh hewas; which when he underftood, he told the labourer he had been late at Batterfea the night before, and by chance was left there by his friends. Sir Keneln1 Digby and the Lord Bothwell .vent ho1ne without any hann, can1e next day to hear what ,vas become of hin1; juft as they in the afternoon came into the houfe, a n1effenger came from Evans to his ,vife, to come to him at Batterfea. I enquired upon ,vhat account the fiJiritcarriedhin1 away : ,vho f:iid, he had not, at the tirne of in vocation, made any fuffumigation, at ,vhich the fpirits ,vere vexed. It happened, that after I difcerned ,vhat aftrology was, I ,vent weekly into LittleBritain, and bought many books of aftrology, not acquainting Evans therewith.

Mr.

MR. LrLLY's HtsToR<t

Mr. A. Bedwell, Mi1iiftcr of Tottenham.. High-Crofs near London, who had been many years chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton, whilft he was Ambaffador atVenice, and affifted Pictro Soave Polano, in ,compofing and writing theCouncil of Trent, ,vas lately dead; and his library being fold into Little-Britain, I bought among!l: them my choicefr booksof aftrology. The occafion of our falling out "vas thus: a woman demanded the refolution of a qneftion, which when he had done, fhe \venther way; I ftanding by all the white, and obferving the figure, afke<l him ·why he gave the judgment he· did, fincetheftgnificationlliewedqui:tethe contrary, and gavehi1n my reafons; which when he had pondered, he called me boy, and muft he be contradicted by fuch a novice! But ·when his heat was over, he £'lid, had he not fo judged to pleafe the wo1nan, fue ,vould have given him nothing, and he ha<l a wife and family to provide for; upon this v;e never came together after. Being 110\v very meanly introduced, I appnedmyfelf toftt1dythofe , booksIhad obtained, 1nany times twelve, or fifteen, or eighteen hours day.and night; I ,vas curious to difcover, whether there ,vas any ,·erity in the art or not. Aftrologyinthis time, viz. in 1633,. ,vas very rare in London, few profeffing, it

OF HIS LIFE 4ND TIM:t8. 3S it that underftood any thing thereof. Let it not repent you (0 noble Efquire) if now I make a fhort digrelf10n of fuch perfons as then profelfed aftrology, that pofterity may underftand in what condition I found it, and in whofe hands that little that remained was lodged. There lived then in Houndfditch one Alexander Hart, who had been a foldier formerly, a comely old man, of good afpecl:; he profeffedqueftionary aftrology, and a little of phyfick; his greateft !kill was to elect young gentlemen fit times to play at dice, that they might win or get n1011ey. I went unto him for refolutions for three queftions at feveral times, and he erred in every one. To fpeak foberly of him, he was but a cheat, as appeared fuddenly after; for a ruftical fellow of the city, defirous of knowledge, contracted with Hart to affift for a conference with a fpirit, and paid him t\venty pot1nds of thirty pounds the contracl:. At laft, after many delays, and no fpirit appearing, ormoneyreturned, the young man indicts him for a cheat at the Old•Bailey in London; the Jury found the bill,.and at the hearing of the caufe this jefrhappened : fameofthe benchenquired ,vhatHart did ? 'Hefatlikean Alderman :' inhisgown,' quoth the fellow; atwhic!1 ....._ D 2 the

MR. LrLLY's H1sToRY

the court fell into a great laughter. mo1 of the court being 'Aldennen. He was to have been fet upon the pillory for this cheat; butJohn Taylour, theWaterPoet, beinghis great friend, got the Lord Chief Juftice Richardfon to bail him, ere he ftood upon the pillory, and fo Hart fled ·prefently into Holland, where he ended his days. It was my fortune, upon the fale ofhis books in 1634, to buy Argoll's Primum Mobile for fourteen !hillings, ·which I only wanted.

In Lambeth Mar!h at the fame time lived one Captain Bubb, who refolved horary queftions afrrologically; a proper handfome man, \vell fpoken, but withal covetous, and of no honefty, as will appear by this fi:ory, for which he ftood upon the pillory. A certain butcher was robbed, going to afair, of forty pounds; he goes to Bubb, who for ten pounds in hand paid, would help him to the 11hief; appoints the butcher fuch a night precifely, to watch at fuch a place, and thethief fhould come thither; commanded him by any means to ftop him; the butcher attends according to direaion. About twelve in the night there comes one riding very fiercely upon a fuij gal... lop, \vho1n the butcher knocks down.. and feized both upon 1nan and harfe: The

OF HIS !.,(FE AND T1MES. 37 Tl1e butcher brings the n1an and horfe to the next town,·but then the pedon "vh9h1 the butcher attacked-was John, the fervant of Dr. Bubb; for v.rhLch the Captain was indicted and fuffci-ed upon tl�e J?illory, and afterwards ended his days 1n great difgrace. There was alfo one Jeffry Neve, at this time a ftudent in phyfick and aftrology; hehad formerlybeen amerchantin Yarmouth, and Mayor of thetown, but failing in eftate, went into the Lo\vCountries, and at Franecker took the degree of Doctor in Phyfick ; he had fome little fmatteringii:i aftrology J could refolve a q1.1eftionof theft, or love-queftion, fomething of ficknefs; a verygrave •petion, laborious and hone.!1:, of tall ftature and con1ely feature; he diedof late yea1's,almoftintheveryftreetnearTowerHill: He had a defign of printing two hundredverifiedqueftions, anddeftred1ny approbation -ere they went to the prefs; that r firft \Vould fee them, and then gf.Je teftimony. When I had perufed ·thy") flrft forty, I corrected thirty of t'lH!h'l.1 .. \.'IO'tlld 1·ead over no more : I -::.!H�<ved� him how erroneous thev \Vere, •ti�fdt'tt1 his en1endation of' the reft: which ,"tt:,(n .J: d Th {i. at· ..'I'� p�iorme not. . e e v,•ere ter�;�.attls, in R.. Saundcrs's c11{\ody, bot1ght .n• D 3 by

38

MR. LILL v:s HrsToRY

by-- h1m either of his foq or of a .ftationer: (a}

-Tliere- \Vas then William Poole, a nibler at a.ftrology. fometimes a gardener, an apparitor, adrawerof linen; asquoifs, handkerchiefs; a plai.fterer and a bricklayer; he would br�g n1any times he had been of feventeen profeffions; was very goodcompany for drolling, as you yourfelf very well remember (mo.ft honoured Sir); (b) he pretended to poetry; and thatpofterity mayhave a tafteof it, you fuall here have infertedtwo verfes of his own making; the occafion of making them was thus, One Sir Thomas Jay, a Juilice of the Peace in Rofemary-Lane, iffued out his warrant for the apprehenfion of Poole, upon a pretended fuggeftion, that he\vas in company with fome lewd people in a Tavern, \vhere a filver �up was loft, Anglice ftolen. Poole hearing of the warrant, packs up his littletrunk of books, being all his library t and runs to \Veftminfter; but hearing fome months after that the Juftice \Vas dead a11d buried, he came and enquire<;\

(a) Bqt firft offeredtq be fold to mefor twenty �1illings. \VhenMr.SaundersdiedIboughtthemof hisfonforlefs.-E.A-.

(b) 17 December this\Villiam Poole was m�rried toAlice How, at S,.George's ChurchinSouthwark, J4r. Lillygav�hertogim1

O_F }{IS L1FE ·A-N_D TIMES. 39 where the grave ,v<!_S ; and aft�r the d�f. ' cl1ar"e of his belly upon the grave, left thef:'two ','erfes upon it, vvhich he fw-0re he made himfelf.

HereliethburiedSirThomasJay, Knight, Whob.:ingdead, Iui,onhisgravedidlhite,

He died about 1651, or 1652, at St. Mary Overy's in Southwark; and this was part of his laft will.

' Ite1n; I give to Dr. Ardee all mybooks, ' and one manufcript of my own, worth 1 one hundred of Lilly's Introduftion.'

' Item; If Dr. Ardee give my wife any • thing that is mine, l wi{h the devil may • fetch him body and foul.' The Doctor... terrific;d with this curfe, gave n1e all the books ancl his goods, •Nhich I prefently gave to his wido,v,-J1Jterdu111Jeriajocis.

Novy alfo lived this Dr, Arclee, but his true name was Richard Delahay, formerly an Attorney; he fi:udied aftrology and phyfick, being in necefiity, and forced fro1n Derbyfhire, where he had lived, by the old Countefs of Shrewfuury; he ,vas of modera,te judg1nent, both in aftrology and phyfick. He had fonnerly been well acquainted with Charles Sledd, (a)

(a) Oft!,is Charles Sledd, there ism�ntionn1ade ini)r,Dee'sbookofhisdifcou1f-:withfpirits,fotforth PYDr,C-1uf�bon, page17,

D 4 an ,.

4P J\,1R. L1L1.tY's HisTORY

:rut.ap.otlieoary, ·who ufedthecryftal;and :hada.verr:perfeclfight. This Dr.Ardee 11:ath manytimes affirmed untome, (e.fto jides) that an angel, onetime, appeared -unto hi1n, andoffered him aleafeof his lifeforon_ethoufandyears: hediedabout the age of fourfcoreyears; left his widow, who marriedintoKent, (a) wortJi two or threethoufandpounds, and\ll/il-. liam Poole's eftate came to fouror five pounds.

In the years 1632, and 1633, John Booker became famousfor a prediction of his upon a folar eclipfe in th.e 19th degree of Aries 1663, taken out of Leovitiusdemagnisconjuncl:ionibus, viz. Oh Regn & Principes, &c. Both the King of Bohemia, and Guftavus King of S,veden, dyingduringthe effects of thttt eclipfe. �

John Bookerwasborn inlVIancheftet, ofgoodparentage,intheyear .160r,�w.as inhis youthwell inftrucl:edin th.eLatin tongue, which he underftoodverywell: Hefeemedfro1n his infancytobedefigfled for aftrology; for from the time he had anyunderftan<ling, hewould be al,vaysporingon, andftudyingalmanacks. HecametoLondonatfittingyears, and fe1,·ed an apprenticelhip to an haber-

{a) To one .:\Iorcland.

OF HIS ·LIFE AND TIME.S. 41 -dafuer -'in Laurence-Lane, London; but ·either ,vanting ftock to fet up, di!liking ·the calling, he left his trade, andtaught !to write at Hadley in Middlefex feveral (cholars in that fchool: He wrote.fingularly well both Secretary and Roman. In procefs of time he ferved Sir Chriftopher Clethero, Knight, Alderrnan of London, as his clerk, being a city Juftice of Peace: He alfo was clerk to Sir }.!ugh Han1merl1ey, Alderman of London, both \.vhich be ferved with .great credit and efrimation; and by that means pecamenot onlywell known, but as \'\'ell refpecl:ed of the moft eminent citizens of London, even to his dying day. He was an excellent proficient in afrrology, whofe excellent verfes upon the twelve months, framed according to the configurations ofeachmonth, being bleffed with fuccefs according to his predicl:ions, procured him much reputation all over England: He was a very honeft man, abhorred any deceit in the art he ftudied; had a curious fancy in judging of thefts, and as fuccefsful in refolving love-qncftions: He was no mean proficient in afrrono1ny; he underftood much in phyfick; was a great admirer of the antimonial cup; not unlearned in chymillry, which he loved well, but did not ,J>racl:ife. He was inclined to a diabetes ; ar.d

4z

MR. LrLL>:'s }I1sToRv

and in the laft three years of his fife was afflicted with a dyfentery, "vhich at laft confumed hin1 to nothing: He died of good fame in 1667. Since his deceafe I have feen one nativity of his performance exacllydirected, and judgedwith asmuch. learning as from aftrology can be ex• peeled.

His library of books came !hort of the ,vorld's approbation, and were by his \vidow fold to Elias Afhmole, Efq; ,vho moft generoufiy gave her (a) far niore money than they \vere worth; but out of his refpecl:s unto the deceafed and his memory, he moft willingly paid her the 1noney. He left behind him two fons and two daughters. He left in ,vriting verylittle buthis annualprognofrications. }le began firft to \vrite about the year 1630; he wrote Bellun1 Hibcrnicale, in the time of the long parliament, a very foberandjudicious book: theepiftlethereunto I gave him, He wrote lately a fn1alltreatifeof Eafter-Day, a very learned thing, wherein he fuewed much learning and reading. To fay no more of him, he lived an honeft map, his fame not que!l:ioned at his death.

In this year 1633, I became acquainted ·with Nicho}as E'i!ke, licentiate in phyfick,

(a) They ccft me 149 pounds. ,

OF HIS LIFE sANDTIMES. 43

lVho was born in Suffolk, near Fra1ningham (b) Callie, of very good parentage, who educated him at country fchools, until·he was fit for the univerfity; but he went not to the academy, ftudying at home both aftrology and phyfick, which he afterwards practifed in Colchefter ; and there was well acql.lainted with Dr. Gilbert, who wrote De Magnete. He came aftenvards unto London, and exer.cifed his faculty in feveral places thereof. (For in his youth he would never ftay long in one houfe.) In 1633 he was fent for out of Suffolk by Dr. Winfton of Grcfham College, to inftruct the Lord Treafurer Wefton's fon in arithmet�ck, aftronomy upon the globes, and their ufes. He was a perfon very ftudious, laborious, of good apprehenfion, and had by his own induftry obtained both in aftFology, phyfick, arithmetick, aftronomy, geometry and algebra, fingular judgment: He would in afirology refolve horary queftions very foundly; but vvas ever 4iffident of his own abilities : He was exquifitely �ilful in the art of directions upon nativities, and had a good geniusinperforn1ing judgmen.tthereupon, put very unhappy qe was, that he had

(

b) There is no fuch piace in Suffolk, it being miftakenforFramlinghaminthatcounl)'.

44 l\{1 L LILLv's HrsToRy

no genius in teaching his fcholars, for he never perfected any: his own fon l\llatthe,v hath often told me, that where his father did teach any fcholars in hj$ time, theywouldprincipallylearnof him; he had Scorpio afcending, and was fecretly envious to thofe he thought had more parts than himfelf; howeYer, I 1nuft be ingenuous, and do affirm, that by frequent converfation ·with hi1n, I came to know which ,vere the beft authors, and much to enlarge my judg�• ment, efpecially in the art of directions: He vifited me moft days once after I becameacquainted with him, and would communicatehis moft doubtful queftions unto me, arid accept of my judgme!).t therein rather than his ovvn: He fingularlywell judgedand directed Sir Robert Holborn's nativity, but deli.red me to adjudge the firfthoufe, fev.enth andte!1!11 thereof, which I did, andwhichnativity (fince Sir R.obert gave it me) came to your hands, and remains in yourlib�,11ry; (oh learned Efquire) he died about the feventy-eighth year of his age, poor.Cl

Inthis year alfo \.Villiam Bredon, 2arfon or vicarof ThorntoninBuckinghamfhire, was living, a profounddivine, but abfolutely the 1110ft polite pedon for na. tivities in that age, ftricl:ly adhering to Ptolomy, ,vhich he •..vell underftood; he had

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 45' had a hand in compofing Sir Chriftopher Heydoh's· defence of judicial a!l:rology, being that time his chaplain; �e was fo given over to tobacco and dnnk, that -when he had no tobacco, he would cut the bell-ropes and fmoke them.

I come now to continue the fiory of my o,vn life, but thought it not inconvenient to comn1it unto 1ne1nory fo1nething concerning thofe perfons who practifed when firfr I became a ftudent in aftrology; I have wrote nothing concerning any of them, ,vhich I myfelf do not either knov1, or believe to be true.

In October 1633 my firfr wife died, and left me whatever was hers: it \Vas confiderable, very near to the value of one thoufand pounds.

One whole year and more I continued a \vidower, and follo,ved my frudies very hard; during ,vhich time a fcholar pawned unto me, for forty ihillings, Airs !.Jotoria, (a) a large volume wrote in parchment, with the names of thofe angels, and their pictures, which are thought and believed by wife men, to teach and inftrucl: in all the ieveral liberal fciences, and is attained by obferving elected tin1es,

(a) Among Dr. Napier's MSS. I had anArs Notona, written by S. Formanin large vellum. and

MR. LitLv's Hrs'i'ORY'

and thofe prayets appropriated unto the feveral angels.

I do ingenuonOy acknowledge, I ufed thofe prayers according to the form and directionprefcribed for fome weeks, ufing thewordaftrologiafor aftronomia; butof this no more: That Ars Notoria, inferted in the latter end of Cornelius Agrippa fignifieth nothing ; many of the prayers being not the fame, nor is the direction to thefe prayers anything confiderable,

In the year I 634, I taught Sir George Peckhan1, Knight, aftrology, that part \vhich concerns ficknefs, wherein he fo profited, that in two or three months he would give a very true difcovery of any difeafe, only by his figures : He praB:ifed in Nottingham, but unfortunately died in 1635, at St.Winifred'sWell inWale&;; in wluch wellhe continued fo longmumbling his Pater Nqfters and SanBa Winijrida ora pro me, that the cold ftruck int-0 his body; and, after his coming f0rfu of that -..vell, never fpoke more.

In this year 1634, I purchafed the moiety of thirteen houfes in ttte Strand for five hundred and thirtypounds,

In November, the 18th day, I was again the fecond ti1ne married, and �ad five hundred pounds portion \vith that -..vife; !he was of the nature of Mars.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. -47

Tvvo accidentshappened tomeinthat yearfomethingmemorable.

Davy Ramfey, his Majefty's clockmaker, had been informed, that there was a great quantity of treafure buried in the doyfter of Wcll:minfter-Abbey; he acquaints Dean vVilliams therewith, who �'as alfo then Bifhop ofLincoln; the Dean gave hin1libertytofearchafter it, \Vith this provifo, that if any was difcovered, his church fhould have :a fuare·ofit. DavyRamfeyfinds outone John Scott, (a)whopretendedtheufeof theMofaicalrods, toaffift himherein: I wasdefiredtojoinwithhim, untowhich I confented. One winter's night Davy Ra1nfey, with feveral gentlemen, myfelf, and Scott, entered the cloyfters; we played the hazel-rod round about the cloyfter; uponthe\lvefr-fide of thecloyfterstfae rods turned one over another, anargumentthat thetreafurewasthere: The labourers digged at leaft fix foot deep, and then we met \vith a coffin; but inregard it was not heavy, wedid not open, which we afterwards much repented: From the cloyfters we went into the Abbey church, where, upon a fudden, (there being no Wind when i,ve

(o) This Scott lived in Puddin11;-Lanc, and haI fomc time been a page (or fuch like) co the Loni Nonis.

A,8 .

MR·, L11,..1-,":l's HtsTOR.Y

•

began) fo fierce, fo high, fo bluftering and loud a wind did rife, that we verily believed the \,Veft-end of the church would have fallen upon us ; our rods ,vould not move at all; the candles and torches, all but one, ,vere extinguifhed, or burned very din1ly: (a) John Scott, my partner, was amazed, looked pale, kne\v not ,vhat to think or do, until I gave direEtionit and command to difmifs the Dremons; which when done, all was quiet again, ·and each man returned unto his lodging late, about twelve o'clock at night; I could never fince be induced to join with any in fuch-like actions.

The true mifcarriage of the bufinefs, was by reafon of fo many people being prcfent at the operation; for there was above thirty, fome laughing, others detiding us ; fo that if we had not £ftnified the Dremons, I believe moft part of the Abbey church had been blown down; fecrecy and intelligent operators, with a ftrong confidence and knowledge of what they ?re doi»g, are beft -for this work.

In 1634, .or 1635, a Lady living in Greenwich, who had tried all the kno\vn artifts in London, but to no purpofc, ca1ne weeping and lamenting her con-

•

dition,

(a) Davy Ramfeybrought an half quartern fack to put thetrtafore.in. .

OF HIS bIFE ANDTIM&S. 49

dition, which was this : She had per­ mitted a young Lord to have the ufe of her body, till !he was with child byhim; after which time he could not or would not endure her fight, but commanded his. lacquies and fervants to keep his doors faft !hut, left {he lhould get into his chamber ; or if they chanced to fee her near hislodging, to driveher away, which they feveral times had done. Her defire unto me Vl'as to affift her to fee him, and then lhe !hould be content; whereupon I ordered fuch a day, fuch an hour of that day, to try her fortune once more. She obeyed; and when lhe came to the King's Bench, where the Lord there was imprifoned, the outward door ftood wide open : none fpeaking a word unto her, {he went up ftairs, no body molefting her; {he found the Lord's chamber door wide open: he in bed, not a fervant to be heard or feen, fo lhe was pleafed. Three days after lhe came to acquaint me with her fuccefs, and then drew out of her pocket a paper full of ratibane, which, .had !he uot had admiffion unto him that day I appointed, lhe would in a pint of ,vhite wine have drank at the ftair's foot V1·here the Lord lodged. The like miffortune befell her after that; vvhP.n the Lonl \vas out of the prifon: then I ordered her fuc!1 a day to go and fee a play

50. ' at· Saliibury-Court;- .tvhi�h fhe did, and '"'ithi.n one· quarter. of an h��r tl}e Loi·d ca1ne ii1to the fame box wherein fue. was. But ·1 grew weary of fuch·employments, and fince. have burned ·my books ,vhich iriftructed thefe curiofitics: For 'after that I became n1elancholly, very much affiicl:ed withthe hypocondraick melancholly,growing lean and fpare, and evr:ry day worfe; fo that in the year 1635 my infirmity continuing, and my acquaintance increafing, I retolved to live in the country, and in iviarch and April 1636 rc1noved my goods unto IIerfham, where I now live; and in l\.fay 1ny perfon, v.•here I continued until 164r, no notice being taken ,vho, or ,vhat I w.ts.

In the years 1637 and 1638,· I had great la·wfuits both 1n the Excheq��11 ap.d Chancerv, about a leafe I had of th(l annual value of eighty pounds : I got tJ1e victory. \

In. the year 1 640 I infl:1:ucl:ed. J9h.11 H_umphreys, mafter of that art, 1q the Hl!cly of aftrology : upon, this occ��SJ!l, b�in_g at_Lon�on, by acc1d�1t jn,,flc;;t, Street, I n1et Dr. Pen::ivat \iVillough�y of Perby ; 1vc ,,_,ere of o1d acquaintance, a;1d he but by. great chance lately coine to town, we ,vent to the lVlitre-Tavern in Fteet-Steeet, v-•here I fent for old Will P�ole ih� .atlrologer, Jiving th.:n·in Rain. . A�ley:

.

OF HIS Ltr'E AND TIM"ES. 5t A11ey-� being come t�us! the Doctor produced a bill, fe't forth by a mafter of arts in Cambridge, ir1timating his abilities for refolving of all manner of queftions aftrologically: The bill was .!hewed, and I wondering at it, Poole made anfwer, he kne-.v the man, and that he was a filly fool ; ' I' quoth he, ' can do more • than he; he fees me every day, he will ' be here by and by;' and indeed he came into our room prefently: Poole had juft as we came to hi1n fet a figure, and then ihe,ved it me, defirihg my judgment i which I refufed, but defired the mafter of arts ro judge firft; he denied, fo I gave rnine, to the very great liking of IIun1phreys, ,vho prcfently enquired, if I would teach him, and for what? I told him I was willing to teach, but wotild have one hundredpounds. I heard Poole, vvhilft I ,vas judging the figure, whifper in Hu1nphreys's ear, and fwear I was the beft in England. Staying three or four days in to.vn, at lafl: we contraB:ed for forty pounds, for I could never be quiet from his folicitations; he in!vited me to fupper, and before I had fhe\ved him any thing, paid me thirtyfive pounds. As we \Vere at fupper a client can1e to fpeak .vith him, and fo up into his clofet he went"A'tth his client; I called ; hin1. in before he fet his figure, or refolved E 2 the

l\IR. LILLv's HtsToRY

the queftion, and inftantly acquainted him how he fhould difcover the 1noles or n1arks of his client : he fet his figure, and prefently difcovers four moles the querent had ; and was fo overjoyed therewith, that he came tumbling down the ftairs, crying, ' Four by G-, four by ' G-, I \¥ill not take one hundred pounds ' for this one rule :• In fix weeks time, and tarrying with him three days in a week, he became a moft judicious perfon.

This Ih1n1phrcys ,vas a laborious perfon, vain-glorious, loquaciolls, fool-hardy, defirous of aU frcrets v,hich he knew not, info1nuch that he ,vould have given tne two hundred pound� to have inftrucl:ed him in fon1e curiofities he was perfuaded I had kno,vlcdge of, but, Artis 11 ce/ere artem, elpecially to thole ,vho live not in the fear of God, or can be mafiers of their own counfels: IIe ,�,as in perfon and condition fuch another as that 111011fter of ingratitude n1y q11011d<1nt taylor, John Gadbur)•· After n1y refufal of teaching hin1, ,vhat he ,,·as not. capable of, �·e gre\v ftrange, though I afforded hi1n 111any civilities whenever he requircrl it; for after the ficge of Cokl-:efi:e}· he wrote a book againfi me, called Anti Mcrlinus-Anglicus, n1arric::d a fecon<l wife,. his firfi: living in Can1bridgc{hire, then practilcd phyfick by a contrary name. haYing

'. .

OF HIS LIFE AND Tii\1ES. 53 having intentions to praclife in Irelandhe Vl'ent to Briftol, but there underftand; ing the parliament's forces had reduced that kingdom, he came back to London. butdurfl: not abide therein; but running from his fecond \vife, who alfo had another hulband, he went to fea, with intention for Barbadoes, but died by the way in his voyage. I had never feen John Booker at that ti1ne; but telling him one day I had a defire to fee him, but firft, ere I would fj)eak with him, I would fit myfelf with my old rules, and rub up n1y aftrology; for at that ti1ne [and this vvas 1640] I thought John Bookerthegreateftandmoftcompleataftro!oger in the world. My fcholar Humphreysprefentlymadeanf\ver, 'Tutor,yon ' need not pump for any of your fonner 'knowledge, John Booker is no fuch ' pumper; vve 1net,' faith he, •the other ' day, andI was too hard for himmyfelf, ' upon ju<lg1nent of three or four quef' tions.' If all the tranfacl:ions happening unto that 111y fcholar were in one volt1me, they ,vo1.1ld tranfccnd either Guzman, Don �ixote, Lazarillo de Torn1es, or any other of the hkc nature I ever did fee.

Having no\v in part re<:overcd my health, being,,,veary of the country, and perceiving there ,vas 1noney to be got in E 3 London,

54

MR. LlL1-v's H1sTQ1tY.

London, and thinking myfelf to be as• fufficiently enabled in aftrology as any) I could meet with, I made it n1y bufi-, nefs to repairthither;- and fo in September 1641 I did; where, in the year� 1 642 and 1643, I had great leifure tQ better my former knowledg-e: I then read over all my books of aftr-0logy, over and over; had very little or no practice at all: And whereas formerly I could never endure to read Valentine N?iboq's Commentary upon Alcabitius, now having ferioufiy ftudied him, I found h\m to be the profoundeft authm I ever met with; him I traverfedover dayand night, from whom I muft acknowledge to have advanced my judgment ?nd knowledge unto that height I foon after arrived at, or unto: A moil: r;itional author, and the fuarpeft expofitor of Ptolomy that hath yet appeared. To exercife my genius, I began to collect notes, and thought of writing fome little thing upon the d of 12 and lf then appr-0ach..: ing : I had not wrote above one ilieet, and that very meanly, but James Lord Gallowaycametofeeme; and, by chance, .cafting his eyes upon that rude collection, he read it over, and fo approved of it, yea, fo encouraged me to proceed farther, that then, and after that time, i fpent moft gf my time ip co!1}pofing • th�reof,

OF liIS LIFE'AtJI)'T1Mes. SS thereof, and bringing it, in the enct, into that method \vherein it \Vas printed r644. I do ferioufly now profefs, I had not the affiftancc of any perfon living, jn the writing or compofing thereof. Mr. Fifke fe'nt me a fmall manufcript which had been Sir Chriftopher Heydon·s, \vho had wrote fomething of the conjuaion of � and lf, 1603; out of which, to bring my method in order, I tranfcribed, in the beginning, five or fix lines, and not any tnore, though that gracelefs fellow o·adbury wrote the contrary ; but, Semel & flniper nebulo•& ,nendax. I did fonnerly write one treatife, in the year 1639, upon theeclipfe of the fun, in the 11th degree of Gemini, 22 May 1639: It confifted of fix iheets of paper. But that manufcript I gave unto my moft munificent patron, ;tnd ever bountiful friend William Pennington, of Muncafter in Cumberland, Efq; a wife and excellently learned perfon, who, fro1n the year 1634, even till he died, continued nnto me the moft grateful perion I ever was acquaint9d with. I beca1ne acquainteq with him by n1eans of Davy Ran1fey.

Oh! moft noble Efquire, let me now beg your pardon, if I digrefs for fo,ne fmall tin1e, in comm�1nqrating his bounty unw me, andI my reqi1ital of hjs E 4 friendfhip,

56 Mtt. Lr1.1.v's-H1s'l"o1t·v friend/hip, by performing many things lfuccefsfully for his advantage.

In 1639 he was made captain, and ferved His Majefty in his then wars againft the Scots; during which time a farmer's daughter being delivered of a baftard, and hearing, by report, that he was Hain, fathered the child upon him. Shortly after he returned, moft woefully vexed to be thus abufed, when ab(ent. The wo1nan \vas countenanced by fome gentlemen of Cumberland, in this her .villany againft him; fo that, notwithftanding he had warrants to attach her body, he could never difcover her: But yet, hunting her from one place to another, her friends thought 1t moft convenient to fend her to London, where fhe 1night be in moft fafety. She came up to the city, and immediately I ·had notice thereof, and the care of thatmatter left unto me. I procured the Lord Chief Juftice Bramfton's warrant, and had it lying dormant by me. She had not been in the city above one fortnight, but that I, going cafually to the clerk of the affizes office for Cumberland, faw there an handfome ·woman; and hearing •of her fpeak the northern tone, I contluded /he was the party I did fowant. I rounded the clerk in his ear, and told him I would give him five,ihillings to hold

011>'.��p,}FB '4-!l!)-.T11,fi�. 57 --hold t�rwomap-:":ii'\:.cha, till I·-came again, for .I_ pad ;i. writing,c2ncern� her. :l. mfted 0f<>F- my w�rrant; and a confrable, and returned into the office, feized her perfon bef0re the clerk of the affizes, who was very �ngry with me : It was then feffions at Old-Bayley, and neither Judge nor Juftice to be found. At night ,ve carried her before the Recorder, Gardner. It being Saturday at night, ihe, having no bail, was fent to Bridewell, where ilie remained till Monday. On Monday morning, at the OldBayley, ihe produced bail; but I defiring of the Recorder fome time to enquire after the bail, whether they were fufficient, returned prefently, and told him one of the bail was a prifoner in Ludgate, the other a very poor man: At .which he was fo vexed, that he fent her to Newgate, where ihe lay all that we�k, until ihe could pleafe me with good fureties; ,vhich then ihe did, and fo was bound over to appear at the next alfizes in Cumberland; which ihe did, and was there fentenced to be whipped, and imprifoned one whole year.

.This action infinitely pleafed Mr. Pennington� who thought I could do wonders ( and I was mofr thankfully requited for it. AH the while of .this fcandalous bufine�, do,:whathe �ould., h� could not difcover

•

38, M1t. LILLv's HrSTOR.Y

difcover what perfons they were that fupported her; but the woman's father coming to town, I became acquainted with him t by the name of Mr. Sute, merchant; invited him to a dinner; got George Farmer with 1ne; when we fo plied him with wine, he could neither fee or feel. I paid the reckoning, being twenty two fuillings. But next morning the poor man had never a writing or letter in his pocket. I fent then1 down to my friend, who thereby difcovered the plots of feveral gentlemenin the bufinefs ; after which, Mr, Sute returned to his cld name again.

Mr. Pennington v.ras a true royalift, whom Charles the Second made one of his Comn1iffioners of Array for Curnberland. Having dir�cl:ions fi·om me con. tinually how matters did and ,vould go betwixt the King and Parliament, he acl:ed warily, and did but fign one only warraf1t of that nature, and then gave over.

V✓hen the times of fequefirations came, oneJohn Mufgrave, the moft bold and impudent fellov.•, and 1110ft active of all the north of England, and 1nofr malicious againfl: my friend, had got this warrant under Mr. Pennington's hand into his cuftody ; which affrighted my friend, and fo it mightt for it. '.\Vas caufe enough of fequeftration, and would have done

Of J{IS LtFE A"N:P TIM'Ei, 59 done it. Mufgrave intending and promifing himfelf great matters out of his efrate, I was made acquainted herewith. Mufgrave being in London, by much ado, I got acquainted \vith him, pretendµig myfelf a bitter enemy againft Pennington, whereat he very heartily rejoKed; and fo we appointed one night to meet at the Five Bells, to compare notes; .for I pretended much. We did meet, and heveryfuddenlyproduced upon the table all his papers, and withal, the warrant of array unto which my friend had fet his qand; which when I faw, ' I marry,' faid I, ' this is his hand I will • fwear; nowhave atall; come, theother , cup, this warrant fhall pay for all.' I obferved where the warrant lay upon the table, and, after fome time took occafion ignorantly to let the candlefall out, which whilft he ,vent to light again at the fire, I made fure of the ,varrant, and put it into my boot; ·he never miffing it of eight or ten days ; aboutwhich time, I believe, it was above half way towards Cumberland, for I inftantly fent it bythe poft, with this friendly caveat, ' Sin no • more.' Mufgrave durft not challenge 1ne in thofe times, .and fo the bufinefs y.,as ended very f.'ltisfactory to his friend, and no lefs to myfelf.

He

•He was, befides; m1:reamly abufed by .one.Ifaac.Ao:trobus, parfon of Egremond, a.moft-e\!il.liv.er, .bold, and very rich; at la!t he procured a minifter of that country, in hope of the parfonage, to article againfr him in London, before the committee of plundered minifters. I was once 1nore invited to follicit againft Antrobus, ,vhich I did upon three or more articles.

I. That Antrobus baptized a cock, and called him Peter.

II. He had knowledge of fuch a wo.. man and of her daughter, viz. of both their bodies, in as large a manner as ever of his own wife.

III. Being drunk, a \Voman took a cord and tied it about his privy members untQ a manger in a ftable.

IV. Being a continual drunkard.

V. He never preached, &c.

Antrobus was now become a great champion for the Parliament; but, at the day of hearing, I had procured abundance of my friends to be there ; for the godly, as they termed themfelves, fided with him ; the prefent Mafter of the Rolls was Chairman that day, Sir Harbottle Grimfton. :Who

oF HIS LIFE AND Tn,1Es. 61

Who hearing the foulnefs of the caufe, was very much afhamed thereof. I ·re1nember Antrobus, being there, pleaded he was in his natural condition when he acted fo ungracioufly.

' What condition vvere you in,' faid the Chairman, ' when you lay with mo• ther and daughter ?'

' 1'here is no proof of that,' faith he.

' None but -your own confeffion,' faid the Chainnan, ' nor could any tell fo ' well.'

' I am not given to drunkennefs,' quoth he. ' 1-Ie w;is fo drunk within this fort' night' quoth I, ' he reeled from one ' .fide of the ftreet to the other; here is ' the witnefs to prove it:' who prefently, before the committee, beingf\.\'Orn, made it good, and named the place and frreet where he ,vas drunk. So he was adjudged fcandalous, and outed of his benefice, and our miniftcr had the parfor�age.

You cannot imagine how much the routing of this drm1kcn· parfon pkafecl Mr. Pennington, who paid all charges munificently and thaokfiilly.

But now follows the }aft and greate!l: kindnefs I ever did him. Notwithftanding the con1mittee for fequeftrations in Cun1berland were his very good friends, yet the fub-fcqueftrators, of their own he".1ds, and

-c'-•\o:i· end'without order; ·and by ftrength ot arms, fecured his iron, his wood, and fo much ·of his peifonal cftate as was \"lllued at• feven d1oufa11d pounds. Now had r complaint upon complaint, would l'fuffer my old f!riend to be thus abufed?• itwas inmypo\ver to freehim from thefe villains.

I hereupon ac1vifed what was heft to· do, and was counfelledtogetMr. Speaker· Lenthall's letter to the fub-fequeftrators, and command them to be obedient to the committee of the county.

\1/hereupon, I framed a letter myfelf',• unto the fub-fequeftrators direcl:e<l, and· withit, myfelf and Mi·. Laurence Maydwell (whom yourfelf well knew) went to Mr. Speaker, unto whom \ve fufficiently related the ftubbornnefs of the officersof Cumberland; theirdifobedience to the committee; and then fue,vedhim the letter, which when he had read over, he moft courteouOy figned, adding \Yithal, that if they proceeded further in fequeftring Mr. Pennington, he would command a Serjeant at Arms to bring the1n up to anfwer their conten1pts: I immediately pofted that letter to my friend, \vhich \Vhen the abfurd fello,vs receive4,. they delivered him poffefiion of his goods again; and, for my pains, \vhen he came to London, gave me one '. hundred ..

OF HIS LIFE A,N-0 TIMES. 6_P.

hundred pounce: Hedied;.n 1652. of "violent fever. I did carefully, _in 164<:i and 1643, take notice of every gr�n<l.. actionwhich happenedbetv,ixt King�nd, Parliament, and did firft then incline tQ believe, that as a)l f1J.blunary affairs did depend upon fuperior caufes, fo therewas a poffibility of difcovcring them by the configurations of the fuperiorbodies; in\Vhichwaymakingfomeeffaysinthofe two years, I found encourage1nent to. proceed further, ,vhich I did; I perufed the,vritingsof theancients, buttherein tl1ey ,vere filent, orgaveno fatisfaction; at laft, I framed unto myfelf that method, V..(hich then and fince I follow, ,yluch,·1hope, intimemaybemore perfe4ed by a more penetrating perfon than myrelf.

.1n.. 1-643, Ibecamefa1niliarlyknowntoSirBufilrodeWhitlocke, amemberofthe I-Iouftof Commons; he being fick, his urine was brought unto me by Mrs. Lifle, (a) wife toJohn Lifle, afterwards one of the keepers of the Great Seal;

(a) She was afterwards beheaded at '\Vinchcfier. for h3rbouring one Neltluop, a rebel 11> 1he D:ike ot l\1onmouth's anny 1685. �he had ma,lc! he1f.-l1 remarkable, byfaying at the martyrdom of King Ch,11.:, I. 1648, ' that htr blood leaped within her ro fee the ' tyrant full ;' forthis, when /hefellinto rhe 0:ate tr5p, the neither did nor could c"petl-fa\'O.irfom anyofthat martyr's family. D. N.

MR. LILLv•s HISTORY

ltaving fet my figure, I returned anfwer, the fick for thattime would recover, but by means of a furfeitwould dangeroufly relapfe within one month ; which he did, by eating of trouts at Mr. Sand's houfe, near Leatherhead in Surrey. Then I went daily to vifit him, Dr. Prideau defpairing of his life; but I faid there was no danger thereof, and that he would be fufficiently well in five or fix weeks; and fo he was.

In 1644, IpublifhedMerlinusAnglicus Junior about April. I had given one day thecopythereof untothethen l\1r. Whitlocke, ·who byaccident\vas readingthereof in the Houfe of Con1mons: ere the Speaker took the chair, one looked upon it, and fo did many, and got copies thereof; \.vhich when I heard, I applied 1nyfelf to John Booker to licenfe it, for then hevvas licenferof all mathematicalbooks; I had, to my knowledge, never feen him before ; hewondered at the book, made many impertinent obliterations, framed many objections, fwore it was not poffible to diftinguifh bet,vixt King and Parliament ; at laft licenfed it according to his own fancy; I delivered it unto the printer, who being an arch Preiliyterian, had five of the miniftry to infpecl: it, who could make nothing of it, but faid it might beprinted, for inthat I meddled

not

OF HIS LIFE AND T1MES. 65 not with their Dagon. The :firrr impreffion was fold in lefs than one week; when I prefented fome to the members of Parliament, I complained of John Booker the licenfer, who had defaced my book; they gave rne order forthwith to reprint it as I would, and let then1 know if any durft refill: 1ne in the reprinting, or adding what I thought fit; fo the-fecondtime itcameforthas I would have it.

I muft confcfs, I 110\V found my fcholar Hu1nphreys's ,vords to be true concerning John Booker, �1hom at that time 1 found but moderately verfed in aftrology; nor could he take the circles of pofition of the planets, until in that year I in!l:ru8:edhin1. AftermyIntroduction in 1647 became publick, he amended beyond meafure, by ftudy partly, and. partly upon e1nulation to keep up his fame and reputation; fo that fince 1647, I have feen fon1e nativities by him very judicioufly performed. When the printer prefented him with an Introduction of mine, as foon as they were forth of the prefs; ' I wifh; faith he, ' there was ne' ver another but this in England, con-. ' ditionally I gave one hundred pounds ' for this.' After that ti1ne we were very great friends to his dying day.

MR.LrLLv'sHrsToRY

InJune1644, I pubfi!hed Supernatural ·sight; and, indeed, if I could have procured the dull :ftationer tonavebeen at chargestohave cut the icon orform of that prodigious apparition, as I had dra\,vnitforth, it·wouldhavegivengreat fatisfaction; however, the aftrological judgmentthereupon haditsfulleventin everyparticular.

Thatyear alfo I publi!hed the White King'sProphecy, ofwhichtherewerefold in three days eighteen hundred, fo that it was oft reprinted: I then made no commentaryuponit.

In that yearIprinted the Prophetical Merlin, and had eight pounds for the copy.

Ihadthennofartherintenti0ntotrouble the prefs anymore, but Sir Richard Napper having received one of Captain \Vharton's Almanacks for 1645, under the name Naworth, he came unto me: 'Now, Lilly, you are met withal, fee 'here\,vhatNaworthwrites.' Thewords were, he called me 'animpudent {en{e'lefsfdlo\�', andbynameWilliamL1lly.', Beforethattime, I\Vas 1nore Cavalier thanRoundhead, andfotakennoticeof; bnt after that I engaged bodyand foul in thecaufeof Parliament, butfrillwith n1uch affettion to his ::V1ajefry's perfon and

OF HIS LIFE AND T1Mr,;s. 67

�nd· unto monarchy, which I ever loved anq approved beyond any government whatfoever; and you will find in this ftory many paffages of civility which I did, and endeavoured to do, with the hazard of my life, for his Majefty: But God had ordered all his affairs and counfels·to-have no fucceffes; as in the fequel will appear.

To vindicate my reputation, and to cry quittance with Naworth, againft whom I ,was highly i�cenfed, to vvork 1 went again for Anglitus 1645; which as foon as finifhed I got to the prefs, thinking every day one month till it was publick : I therein made ufe ofthe King's nativity, and finding that his afcendant was approaching to the quadrature of Mars, about June 1645, 1 gave this unlucky jttdgn1ent; ' If now we fight, a ' victory ftealeth upon us;' and fo it did in June 1645, at Nafeby, the moll: fatal overthrow he ever had.

In this year 1645, I publilhed a treatife call the Starry Meffenger, "vith an interpretation of three funs feen in London 29 May 1644, being Charles the Second's birth- day: In that book I alfo put forth an ail:rological judgment concerning the effects of a folar eclipfe, vifible the 11th of Auguft 1645. T\vo days before its publifhing, my antagonift, F 2 Cfiptain.

MR. LILLY'sHrsToRY

CaptainWharton, havinggivenhisafrro� logicaljudgment upon his Majefty's prefentmarchfromOxford; thereinagainfell foul againft me and John Booker: Sir Samuel Luke, Governor of Nevvportpagnel, had the thing came to his garrifon from Oxford, which prefently '\.Vas prcfented unto my view. I had but twelve hours, or thereabout, to anf,ver it, which I did with fuch fuccefs as is in::redible; and the printer printed both the March and my anfwer unto it, and procluced it to.fight, withmy Starry l\'Ie!lenger, which came forth aµd ,vas made publickthe veryday of the Parliament's great victoryobtained againft his Majefty in perfon at Naieby, under the conduct of the Lord Thon1as Fairfax. That book no fooner appeared, but within fourteendays con1plaint,vasm:1de tothe �ommittee of exa1ninations, Mlks Co.·bet then being Chairman, n1y 1tiortal ene1ny, he v,ho after ,vas hauged, drawn, and quartered, for being olle of the 1(ing's Judges; he grants his warrant, and a n1c!ienger to the Serjea11t at Arms feizeth my perfon. As I ,vas going to Weft1ninftervv1ththemeffenger, I n1et SirPhilipStapleton, SirChrifropherWray, Mr.Denzil Hollis, Mr. Robert Reynolds, who, by great fortune, had the Starry Meficnger .fheet by fheet from me as it

•

OF UIS LIF·E AND. 'I)M·J;;s,, 69 . . came from the pl'els.• Th'ey�refehtly fell a fmiling at me; l'tV[tle's'lSo}bet, Ljlly, ' will punifh tflee f◊tiridly; but fearn◊.: ' thing, we ,viii dine; and make haft� ' tobeatthe(.�on1mitteetimeenoughtodd ' the bufine'f� ;' and fo tliey moft honourably perfonned; for t'hey, asfoon as they came, fat down, :and put Mr. Reynolds pnrpofely iat-0 thechair, and I was called in; buf Corbet being not there, they bid 1ne ,vithdraw until he came; which ,vhen he did, I ,vas commanded to appear, and Corbet defircd to give the caufe of n1y being in refl:raint, and of the Committee's order. Mr. Reynolds was purpofely put into the chair, and continued till 1ny bufinefs was over.

Corbet produced myAnglicus of 1645, and f.'!id there ,vere many fcandalous paflages therein againft the Commiilioners of the Exci!e in London. He produced one palTage, which being openly read by himfelf, the,vhole committee adjudged it to fignify the errors of .fub-officers, but had no relation to the Commiflioners the1nkIYes, which I affirmatively rnaintained to be the true meaning as the committee d1!"clared.

lfhen Cotbet found out another d:111gerous place, as he thought, and the words ,vere thus in the printed book­

' In the name of the Father, Son, and F 3 ' Holy

MR. LILLY's HrsTORY

'1--Ioly Ghoft, will not th� Ex�ife pay 'the foldiers?'

Corbet very ignorantly read,·'will not 'the Eclipfe pay fqldiers?' at which the Committee fell heartily to laugh athim, and fo he became filent.

There "'as a great many Parliament menthere; thechamberwasfull. ' Have 'you any more againft Mr. Lilly?' cried the chairman.

'Yes,' faith the Sollicitor for the Excife, 'fince his Starry Meffenger caq1e ' forth ,ve had our houfe burnt, and the ' Comn1iffioners pulled by their cloaks in � the Exchange.' 'Pray, Sir, when wa:J 'this,' a!ked old Sir Robert Pye, 'that 'the houfe \vas burnt, and the Aldermen 'abufed?' 'It was in fuch a week; faith he. 'Mr. Lilly, when came the book 'forth?' 'The veryday of Nafeby fight; anfwered Mr. Reynolds, 'nor needs he 'be a{hamed of writing it: I had it 'daily as it came forth of the prefs : It 'was thenfound the houfe to be burnt, 'and the Aldermen abufed, twelve days ' before the Starry l\!Ieffenger came forth.'

'What a lying fello\.V art thou,' faith

Sir Robert Pye, ' to abufe us fo!' This he fpoke to the Sollicitor. The!). flood up one Baflell, a merchant: he inveighed bitterly againft me, being a Prefbyterian, and would have had my books b�rnt: 'You

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 7r

' You fmell more of a citizen than a ' fcho!ar,' replied Mr. Francis Drake. I was ordered to ,vithdraw, and by and by was cal:ed in, and acquainted the Comn1ittee did <lifcharge me. But I cried with a loud voice, ' I was under a mef' fenger ;' whereupon the Committee ordered him or the Scrjeant at Arms not to take any fees; Mr. Reynolds faying, ' Literate n1en never pay anyfees.'

But within one week after, I waslikely to have had \vorfe fuccefs, but that the before-nruned gentlemen fioutly befriended me. In my Epifile of the Starry Meffenger, I had been a little too plain with the Committee of Leicefterihire; who thereof 1nade complaint unto Sir Arthur Hazelrigg, Knight for that county; he ,vas a furious perfon, and made a motion in the Houfe of Commons againfi me, and the bufinefs ,vas committed to that Committee, ,vhereof Baron Rigby was Chairman. A day was affigned to hear the matter; in the morning whereof, as I pafied byMr. Pullen's !hop in St. Paul's Church-yard, Pullen bad God be "vith you, and na1ned me byname. Mr. Selden being there, and hearing my name, gave direction to call 1ne unto hin1, ,vhcrc he acquaints me with I-fazelrigg's hun1our and malice to,var<ls me, called for the Starry Meffenger, and having F 4 read

MR. L1LLY's lI1sTORY

read over the words mentioning that Committee, he aik.ed 1ne ho,v I would anf,ver them? I related vd1at I would have faid, but he contradict�J me, and acquainted n1e what to fay, and ho,v to anf,ver. In the afternoon I went to appear, but there was no Com1nittee fet, or would fit; for both Mr. Reynolds and Sir Philip StapletoI), and my other friends, had fully acquainted Baro�1 Rigby ,vith the bufine(s, and defired not to call upon 1ne until they appeared ; for the matter and chargeint�nded againft 1ne wasvery frivolous, and only prefented by a cholerick perfon to pleafe a company of clowns, meaning the Committee of Leicefter. Baron Rigby faid, if it �;ere fo he would not meddle with the 1natter, but exceedingly defired to fee me. Not long after he met Sir Arthur, and acquainting him "vhat friends appeared for me, faid, ' I will then pr�fecute hi1n ' no further.'

All the ancient aftrologers of England ,vere much ftartled and confounded at my 1nanner of writing, efpecially old Mr. William Hodges, who lived near yvolverhampton in Staffordfhire, and 1nany others who underftood aftrology competentlywell,astheythought. Hodges fwore I did more by aftrology than he could by the cryftal, and ufe �hereof, which

•

OF ms-b1rE AND TIMES. 7_; which indeed he underftood as perfealy as any one in England. He was a great royalift, but could never hit any thing right for that party, though he much defired it: He refolved queftions aftrologicalJy; nativities he meddled notwith; inthings of other nature, ,vhich required inore curiofity, he repaired to the cryftal: His angels were l{aphael, Gabriel, and Ural: his life anfwered not in holinefs and fanaity to what it fhould, having to deal with thofe holy angels. Being conte1nporary ·with 1ne, I fhall relate what my partner John Scott, the fume Scott as is before-mentioned, affirmed of him. John Scott ,vas a little fkilful. in furgery and phyfick, fo \Vas Will Hodges, and had forn1erly been a fchool-mafter. �Sfott having fome occafa.ons into Staffordfhire, addreffed h.imfelf for -a month or 1ix weeks to Hodges, affiftecl him to drefs his patients, let blood, &c. Being to return to London, R:_'e de:fired Hodges to fue"v hi1n the perfon andfeature of the won1an he fhould marry. Hodges carries hi1n into a field not far from his houie, pulls out his cryftal, bids Scott fet his foot to his, and, after a while, wifhes him to infpect the cryfral, and obferve \vhat he fav,, there. ' Ifee;-.faith Scott, ' an1ddycorn' plexioned \.Vench ih a red waiftcoat, 'drinving

74

MR. LrLLy's .f-IrsToR Y

' dra,ving a can of beer.' ' She muft be ' your wife,' faid Hodges. ' You are ' miftaken, Sir, ' faid Scott. ' I am, fo ' foon as I co1ne to London, to marry a ' tall gentlev-roman in the Old-Bailey.'

' You muft marry the red ,vaiftcoat,' £1id Hodges. Scott leaves the country, comes up to London, finds his gentlewoman married: Two years after going into Dover, in his return, he refrefhed himfelf at an inn in Canterbury, and as he came into the hall, or firft room ther6of, he miftook the room, and went into the buttery, where he efi>ied a maid, defcribed by Hodges, as before faid, drawing a can of beer, &c. He then more narrowlyviewing herperfonand habit, found her, in all parts, to be the fame Hodges had defcribed; after which he became a fuitor unto her, and was married unto her; which woman I have often feen. This Scott related unto me feveral times, being a very honeft perfon, and made great confcience of whathe fpoke. Another ftory of him is as followeth, which I had related from a perfon which well }<new the truth of it.

A neighbour gentleman of Hodges loft his horfe; who having Hodges's advice for recovery of him, did again obtain hi1n. Some years after, in a frolick, he thought to abufe hin1, acquainting a neighbour

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES, 15 neighbour therewith, viz. That he had formerly loft a horfe, went to Hodgl!s, recovered him again, but faith it ,vas by chance; I might have had him without going unto him : ' Cotne, let's go, I '-will now put a trick upon him; I will ' leave fome boy or other at the town's' end,vithmyhorfe, andthengotoHodges ' and enquire for hi1n.' I-Ie did fo, gave his horfe to a youth, with orders to walk him till he returned. A,vay he goes \vith hisfriend, falutes Mr. I-lodges, �hanks him for his former courtcfy, and now defires the like, having loft a horfe very lately. Hodges, after fo1nc time of paufing, faid; ' Sir, your horfe is 1011-, ' and never to be recovered.' ' I thought ' what fkill you had,' replies the gallant, ' my horfe is \valking in a lane at the ' town's-end.' With that I-lodges f,vore (as he was too much given unto that vice) ' your horfe is gone, and you will � never have him again.' The gentletnan departed in great derifion of Hodges, and went ,vhere he left his horfe: when he came there, he found the boy fa.ft afleep upon the ground, the horfe gone, the boy's arm in the bridle.

• He returns again to Hodges, dcfiring his aid, being forry for his former abufe.

Old Will f\vorelikeadevil, 'Be gone, be 'gone; golookyourhorfc.' This bufinefs endeq '

;6 .

- Q

MR. Lu.LY's HrsToRY

endect not fo; for the malicious man

9r-0ught _Hodges into the frar-chamber, bound hin;ioverto theaffizes, put I-lodges to great expences : but, bymeans of the L·ord Dudley, if I reme1nber aright, or fome other perfon thereabouts, he overcame the gentlc1nan, and was acquitted. Befid�s this, a gentlewoman of my acquaintance, and of credit, in Leicefrerfhire, having loft a pillion-cloth, a very new one, went to defire his judgment. He ordered her fuch a day to attend at Mountforrel in Leicefi:erfhire, and about twelve o'clock {he fuould fee her pillioncloth upon a horfe, and a woman upon .it. My friend attended the hour and place; it being told, fhe muft needs warm herfelf well, and then enquired if any paffengershad lately gone bytheinn? Unto whon1 anfvver ,vas made, there paffed by whilfr fhe was at thefire, about half an hour before, a man, and a woman behindhi111, onhorfc-back. Inquiring of what colour the pillion-cloth was of; it wasanf,vered, directlyof thecolour my friend's \Vas: They purfued, but too late.

In thofe times, there lived one \Villiam Marfil in Dunfi:able, a man of godly life and uprightconverfation, a Recuiant. By afi:rology he re(olved thievi{h queftions ·wit� great fuccefs; that was his utmoft fole

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 77 fole practice. He was many times in trouble; but byDr. Napper'sintereftwith the'Earlof Bolingbroke, LordWentworth, after Earl of Cleveland, he frill continued his practice, the faid Earl not permitting anyJuftice of Peace to vex him.

This man had only two books, Guido and H<!ly bound together : He had fo mtrmbled andtumbled the leaves of both, that half one fidc of every leaf was torn even to the middle. I was familiar with him for many years: He died about 1647.

'A word or two of Dr. Napper, who lived at Great Lindford in Buckingham/hire, was parfon, and had the advowfon thereof. He defcended of wodhipful parents� and this you muft believe; for t,vhen Dr. Napper's brother, Sir Robert Napper, a Turkey merchant, ,vas to be made a Baronet in King James's reign, there ,vas fome difi)ute whether he could prove himfelf a gentleman for three or more defcents. ' Bymy faul,' faithKingJames, ' I will certify for Napper, that he is of 'above three hundred years ftanding in ' his fa1nily, all of them, by my faul, 'gentlemen,' &c. However, their family <:a1ne into England in King Henry the Eighth's time. The parfon was Mafter of Arts; but whether docl:orated by degree or co\1rtefy, becaufe of his profeffion, I know

7$

M-R. LiLLv's HrsToRY

1<now not. Mifcarrying one dayin the pulpit, he never after ufed it, but all his life-time kept in his houfefomeexcellent fcholar or other to officiate for hi1n, with allowance of a good falary: He out-went Forman in phyfick and holinefs of life; cured the falling-ficknefs perfectlybyconftellated rings, fome difeafesbyamulets, &c.

A maid \Vas much afflicted \.Vith the falling-ficknefs, vvhofe parents applied the1nfelvesunto himfor cure: heframed her a conftellated ring, upon wearing ,vhereof, fhe recovered perfectly. Her parentsacquaintedfomefcrupulousdivines '\-Yrth the cure of their daughter: ' The ' cureisdone byinchantment,' fay they. ' Caftav,aythering, it'sdiabolical; God ' cannotblefs you, if youdonotcaft the •ringaway.' The ringwascafiinto the ,vell, whereupon the maid beca1ne epileptical as formerly, and endured much mifery for a long time. At !aft her parents cleanfed the \veil, and recovered th� ring again; the maid \.vore it, ancl herfitstookher nomore. In this condition !he was one year or two; w·hich thePuritanminiftersthereadjoininghear� ing, neverleftoff, till theyp,·ocyred her parents to caft the ring quite away; ,vhich done, the fits returned in fuch violence, that they \.vere enforced to apply

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 79

ply to the Doctor again, relating at large the whole ftory, humbly imploring his once 1nore afiftance; but he could not be procured to do any thing, only faid, thofe who defpifed God's mercies, were not capable or worthy of enjoying them.

I was with him in 1632, or 1633, upon occafion. Hehad me up into hislibrary, being excellently furnifhed with very choice books : there he prayed almoft one hour; he invocated feveral angels in his prayer, viz. (a) Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, &c. We parted.

He infuucted many minifters in aftrology, would lend them whole cloak-bags of books; protected them from harm and violence, by means of his power with the Earl of (b) Bolingbroke. He ·would confefs my mafter Evans knew more than himfelf in fome things : and fome time , before he died, he got his coufin Sir Richard to fet a figure to fee when he {hould die. Being brought him; ' Well/ he faid, ' the old 1nan will live this win' ter, but in the fpring he will die; wel' come Lord Jefus, thy will be done.'

(a) The collea read on Michaelmas day, fecms to allowofpraying to angels. At fometimes, upon great occafions, he had conference with il1ichael, but ,ery rarely.

(b) Lord Wcntworth, afterEarl 9f Cleveland. I-Ie

MR. LILLY's HISTORY

He had many enemies : Cotta, DoB:ot of phyfick in Northampton, ,..,rote a £harp book of ,vitchcraft, ,vherein, obliquely, he bitterly inveighed againft the Doctor.

In 1646, I printed a collection of Prophecies, with the explanation and verification of Aquila, or the White King's Prophecy; as alfo the nativities of Bi!hop Laud and Thomas Earl of Strafford, and a moft learned fpeech by him intended to have been fpoke upon the fcaffold. In this year 1646, after a great confideration, and many importunities, I began to fix upon thoughts of an Introduction unto Aftrology, 'vvhich ,vas very much wanting, and as earneftlylonged for by 1nany perfons of quality. fomething alfo much occafioned and haftened the impreffion, 'Viz. the malevolent l)arking of Prefbyterian minifters in their weekly fermons, reviling the profeffors thereof. and myfelf particularly by name.

Secondly, I thought it a duty incu1nbent upon me, to fatisfy the V\rhole kingdom of the lavvfulnefs thereof, byfram­ ing a plain and eafy method for any perfon but of indifferent capacity to lea1n the art, and inftrucl: himfelf therein, without any other mafter than my Introduction; by which means, when many underftood it, I {hould have more partners and

or HIS LIFE AND T1Mts. 8r

and affifl:ants to con.tradicr all and every antagonift.

Thirdly, I found it beft as unto point of tin1e, becaufe many of the foldiers were wholly for it, and 1nany of the Independant party; and I had abundance of worthy 1nen in the IIoufe of Comn1ons, 1ny aflurcd friends, no lovers of Pre!bytery, which then were in great efteetn, and able to protea the att; for fhould the Prefbyterian party have prevailed, as they thought of nothing lefs than to be Lords of all, I kne\vwell they would have filenced my pen annually, and committed the Introduction unto everlafting filence.

Fou1thly, I had fomething of confcience touched my fpirit, and much elevated my conceptions, believing God had not beftowed thofe abilities upon n1e, to bury them under a bufhel; for though n1y education was very mean, yet, by my continual induftry, and God's great mercy, I found myfelf capable to go forward with the work, and to commit the iffue thereof unto divine providence.

I had a hard tafk in hand to begin the firft part hereof, and much labour I underwent to methodize it as itis.

I il\genuouOy confcfs unto you (Arts' gr�at Mecrenas, noble Efquire Afhmole,) no mortal man had any fhare in the G compo• ,

MR. Lrt1v's HrsToRY

I• compofition or ordering of the firfi: part thereof, but my one only felf. You are 'ii ,perfol;). of great reading, yet I well know you never found the leaft trace thereQf in any author yet extant.

In compofing, contriving, ordering, and framing thereof (vZ:z. the firfi: part) a great patt of that year \Vas fpent. I again perufed all, or moil-, authors I had, fometimes adding, at other times diminifhing, until at laft I thought it worthy of the prefs. When I came to framethe fecondpart thereof, havingformerly collected out of many manufcripts, and exchanged rules with the moft able profeffors I had acquaintance with, in tranfcribing thofe papers for impreffion, I found, upon a ftritl: inquifition, thofe rules were, for the mofr part, defecl:ive; fo that once more I had now a difficult labour tocorrect their deficiency, to new rectify them according to art; and lafrly, confidering the multiplicity of daily queftions propounded unto me, it was as hard a labour as might be to tranfcribe th� papers themfelves with my own hand. The defire I had to benefit pofterity and mycountry, at !aft overcame alldifficulties; fo that what I could not do in one 'year, I perfected early the next year, ,1647; and then in that year, viz. 1647, I finifhed

OF HIS LIFE ANDTIMES. 83

I finifhed the third book of (a) nativities, (b) during the compofing whereof, for feven whole weeks, I was fhut upof the plague, burying in that time two maid1ervants thereof; yet towards November that year, the Introduction, called by the name of Chri!l:ian Aftrology was made publick. There being, in thofe times, fome ftnart difference behveen the army and the Parliament, the head-quarters of the army were at Windfor, \.Vhither I was carried with a coach and four horfes, and John Booker ,vith me. \,Ve were welcome thither, aud fea!l:ed in a garden where General Fairfax lodged. We were brought to the General, who bid us kindly welcon1e to \Vindfor; and, in. effeEI:, faid thus 111 uch :

' That God had bleffedthe army,vith ..manyfignal victories, and yet theirwork ' ,vas notfini{hed. He hopedGodwould ' go along with them until his ,vork was ' done. Theyfought not them{elves, but ' the ,velfare and tranquillity of the good ' people, and \.vhole nation; and, for ' thatend, were refolved to facrifice both ' their lives and theirown fortunes. As,

(a) The name oftheperronwhofcnatkityisdire&ed andjudged, is Mr. Thompfon, whofofather had been ,(ometime:ininn-keeper::tthe Whitc-lnrtinNewark.

(b) I devifed the forms and falhions of the feveral fchemes. E. A.

S4 ;\JR. LILLY's H1.sToRY

' for the art ,ve ltudied, he hoped it was

' lawful and agreeable to God's ,vord:

' I-le underftood it not; but doubted not

• b\1t ,ve both feared God; and therefo,·e

' had a good opinion of us both.' Unto his fpeech I prefently made this reply:

• My Lord, I am glad to iee you here

• at this time.

' Certainly, both the people of God,

• and all others of this nation, are very

' fenfible of God's mercy, love, and fa­

• vour unto them, in directing the par­

' lian1ent to nominate and elect you Ge­

' neral of their annies, a perfon fo religi­

' ous, fo valiant.

• The feveral unexpected victories ob­

' tained under your Excellency's conduct,

• will eternize the fan1e unto all pofre-

• rity.

' We are confident of God"s going

• along with you and your army, until

' the great work for \vhich he ordained

' you both, is fully perfected; which ,ve

' hope \.viii be the conquering and fub­

' vedion of yonr's and the Parliament's

• enemies, and then a quiet !ettle1nent

' and firm peace over all the nation, nnto

' God's glory, and full fatisfaction of ten­

' der confciences.

' Sir, as for ourfelves, \Ve truft in God;

' and, as chriftians, believe in him. We

' do not ftudy any art but what is lawful, 'and

..

OF 111s LIFE AND TrMFS, 8 •.)

• and confonant to the fcriptures, fathers,

• an� antig�ity; which we humbly defire

• you to believe,' &c.

This ended, we departed, and "vent to vifit Mr. Peters the 1ninifter, vvho lodged in the caftle, \vhom \Ve found reading an idle patnphlet con1e fron1 London that n1orni11g. ' Lilly, thou art herein,' fays he. ' Are not you there al[o ?' I replied.

'

\'es, that I a1n,' quoth he.--The words concerning 1ne, \Vere the[e:

From th' oracles of the Sihyls fo filly, The cu,-ft prediaions ot" \Villiam Lilly, And Dr. Sybbald's Shoe-lane Philly, Good Lord, ddi\'er me.

After much conference with Hugh Peters, and fcl111e private difcourfe betwixt us two, not to be divulged, we parted. and fo came back to London.

Ring Charles the Firft, in the year 1646, April 27, "vent unto the Scots, then in this nation. Many defired n1y judg1nent, in ti1ne of his abfence, to difcoverthewayhetnight be taken : which I would never be dravvn unto, or give any direaion concerning his perfon.

Thereweremanyle"vdMercuriesprinted both in London and Oxford, wherein I \vas fufficiently abufed, in this year 1646. I had then 1ny afcendant ad □ d, and c a.Ipropriu111. The Prefbyterians \VCre, in G 3 their

86 MR. LILLv's HrsroRY

their pulpits, as mercilefsas the Cavaliers in theirpainphlets.

About this time, the mofr famous n1athematician of all Europe, (a) Mr. William Oughtred, parfonof Aldbury in Surrey, was in danger of fequeftration by the Comn1ittec of or for plundered miniil:ers; (An1bo-dexters they were;) feveral inconfiderable articlesweredepofed and fworn againft him, material enough to have fequeftered him, but that, upon his day of hearing, I appltied myfelf to Sir Bolfirode Whitlock, and all my own old friends, who in fuch numbers appeared in his behalf, that though the chairman and many other Pre!byterian members were friff againft him, yet he was cleared by the major number. The truthis, he had a confiderable parfonage, and thatonlywas enough to fequefrer any moderate judgment: He v.ras alfo well known to affect his Majefry. In thefe times many worthy 1ninifters loft their livings or benefices, for not complying with the Three-penny Dire8:ory. I-fad you feen (0 noble Efquire) ,vhat pitiful ideots were preferred into fequeftrated church-benefices, you would have been grieved in yonr foul; but when they came before the claffis of divines, could

(a) Thisg·ntleman Iwasverywell acquainted with, having lived at the houfe over-againft his, at Aidbury in Su1rey, thr�e or four years, .t:. A. thofe

OF HIS LrFE AND T1MEs. 87 thofe fi111pletons but only fay, they ,vere converted by hearing fuch a fermon, fuch a lecl:ure, of thatgodly1nan Hugh Peters, Stephen Marfuall, or any of that gang, he was prefently admitted.

In 1647, I publifued the World's Cataftrophe, the Prophecies of Ambrofe Merlin, with the Key wherewith to unlock thofe obftrufe Prophecies; alfo Trithemius of the Government of the World by theprefiding Angels; thefe came forth all in one book.

The tivo firft were exquifitely tranllatcd by yourfelf, (mofrlearned Sir) as I do ingenuouflyacknowledge in my Epiftleunto the Reader, with a true character of the worth and admirable parts, unto which I refer any that do defire to read you perfectly delineated. I ,•ras once refolved to have continued Trithemius for fome fucceeding years, but multiplicity of empfoymentimpededme. Theftudyrequired, in that kind of learning, muft be fedentary, of great reading, found judgment, which no man can accomplifu except he ,vholly retire, ufe prayer, and accompany himfelf with angelical conforts.

I-Iis Majefty Charles the Firft, having entrufted the Scots with his perfon, ,vas, for money, delivered into the hands of the Englifu Parliament, and, by feveral ren1ovals, was had to Hampton-Court aboltt July or Augnft 1647; for he was G 4 there,

88 1\.1R. LILLY's

H1sTORY

there, and at t..liat time \:i.•hen my houfe ·was vifited with the plague. 1-Ie \1/as defirous to efcape from thefoldiery, and to obfcure hi1nfelf for fome time near London, the citizens\vhereof began now to be unruly, and alienated in affeation from the Parliament, inclining wholly to his Majefty, and very averfe to the army. His Majefty was v.-ell informed of all this, and thought to make good ufe hereof; befides, thearmy and Parliament were at fome odds, who fhould be mafters. Upon the J(ing's intention to efcape, and ,vith his confent, Madam ,vhorewood ('whom you kne\v very \vell, worthyEfquire) can1e toreceive n1y judgment, viz. In \\'hat 9uarter of this nation he might be moft fafe, and not to be difcover�d until hi1nfelf pleafed.

,l\Then fhe came to 1ny door, I told her I wonld not let her co1ne into my houfo, for I buried a 1naid-fervantof the plague very lately. 'Ifearnottli.eplague, ' but the pox,' quoth fhe; fo up we went. After erection of my figure, I told her about twenty miles (or thereabouts) from London, and in Effex, I was certain he might continue undifcovered. She liked my judgment very well; and, being herfelf of a fharp judgment, reme1nbered a place in EJTex about that di!l:ance, where was an excellent houfe, and all conveniences for his reception.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 89 ception. Away {he went, early next Jnorning, unto Hampton-Court, to acquaint his Majefry; but fee the misfortune: He, either guided by his ow11 approaching hard fate, or mifguided by (a) Afhburnham, went away in the nighttime we{hvard, and furrendered himfelf to Ha1nn1ond, in the Ifle of \tVight, Whilft his Majefty was at HamptonCourt, Alderman Adams fent his Majefty one thoufand pounds in gold, five hundred ,vhereof he gave to Madam Whore"vood. I believe I had twenty pieces of that very gold for my {hare.

I have fomcthing 1norc to ,vrite of Charles the Firft's misfortunes, ,vherein I was concerned; the matter happened in 1648, but I thought good to infert it here, having after this no more occafion to mention hin1.

flis l\l[ajefty being in Carifbrook-Cafile in the Ifie of vVight, the Kenti!h men, in great nu1nbers, rofe in anns, and joined ,vith the Lord Goring; a confiderable number of the beft £hips revolted from the Parliament; the citizens of London were forward to rife againft the Parliament; his Majefrylaid his defign toefcape

(o) ThisAlhburnhamwasturnedoutoftheHoufe ofCommonsthe3dofNovember, 1667, fortakinga bribeoffivehundredpounclsofthemerchants. Iwas informedhe,�oi26Novtmber, 1667.

90 Mn. LILLY's HrsToRY

out of prifon, by [a\ving the iron bars of his chamber vvindow; a fmall fhip was provided, and anchored not far from the caftle to bring hi1n into Su!fex; horfes were provided ready to carry him through Suffex into Kent, that fo he might be at the hea<l of the army in Kent, and from thence to march immediately to London, where thoufands then \vould have armed for hi1n. The LadyWhorewood came to me, acquaints meherewith. I got G. Farmer (who was .a 1110ft ingenious lock-fmith, and dweltinBow-lane) to make a faw to cut the iron bars in funder, I mean to faw the1n, and aqua fortis befides. His Majefty in a fmall time did his work; the bars gave liberty for him to go out; he was out with his body till he came to his breaft; but then his heart failing, heproceeded no farther: \vhen this was difcovered, as foon after it ,vas, hewas narrowlylooked after1 and no opportunityafter that could be devifed to enlarge him. About Septe1nber the Parliament fent their Co1nmiffioners with propofitions unto him into th::: Ille of Wight, the Lord\.Villiam Sea being one; the Lady \Vhorevvood co1nes again unto me fro1n him or by his confent, to be directed : After perufitl of my figure, I told her theCom1niffioners would bethere fuch a day; I elecl:ed a day and hour when

OF HIS LtFE AND TIMES, 91 when to receive the Commiffioners and propofitions; and as foon as the propofitions were read, to fign them, and make hafte with all fpeed to come upwith the Com1niffioners to London. The army being then far diftant from London, and the city enraged ftoutly againfr them, he promifed he would do fo. That night the Commiffioners came, and old Sea and his Majefl:y had private conference till one in the n1orning: the King acquaints Sea ·with his inte:-ition, ,vho clearly di!fwaded him fromfigning the propofitions, telling hin1 they \Vere uot fit for hi111 to fign; that he had 1nany friends in the Houfe of Lords, and fome in the I-Ioufe of Co1nmons ; that he \VOuld procure more, and then they would fi·ame more eafy propofitions. This flattery of this unfortunate Lord, occafioncd his Majefty to \Yave the advice I and fo1ne others that wifued his profperity had given, in expectation of that v✓hich afterwards could never be gained. The army having fome notice hereof fro1n one of the Comn1iilioners, who had an eye upon old Sea, hafted unto London, and made the citizen, very quiet; and befi<les, the Parliam-::nt and arn1y kept a better correfpondency .aftcr,vards v.'ith each other.

Whilft the K.ing,vas at'\Vindfor-Caftle, one ,valking upon the leads there, he looked

92 1\'1R. L1LLY·s FirsToRY

looked upon Captain \Vharton's Almanack; < Mybook,' faith he, • fpeaks vvell

• as to the \veather:' One \1/illiam Allen franding by; ' what,' faith he, ' faith his antagonifr, Mr. Lilly?' ' 1 do not care

• for Lilly,' faicl his Majcfry, ' he hath

• been ahvays againft 1nc, and beca1ne a

• little bitter in his expreffions.' ' Sir,' faid Allen, ' the 1nan is an honeft n1an,

• and vvritcs but ,vhat his art informs

• him.' ' I believe it,' faid his Ivfajefly,

• and that Lilly un<lcr!l:an<ls aftrology as

• ,vell as any1nan in Europe.' Exit Rex Carolus.

In 1648 I publifhcd a Trcatife of the three Suns, feen the ·winter preceding; as alfo an Afrrological Judg1nent upon a Conjuncl:ion of Saturnand Mars 28 Jnne, in 11 degrees 8 minutes of Gemini.

I commenduntoyour perufalthatbook and the Prophetical lVIerlin, ,vhich fcrioufly confidered, (Oh worthy Efquire) will more inftruct your judg1nent (De ge11eralibus contingenti6us l.'1undi) than all the authors you yet ever 1net with.

In this year, for very great confiderations, the Coun{el of State gave me in money fifty pounds, and a penfion of one hundred pounds pt·r A1111111n, which fo1· t,vo years I received, but no 1nore: upon fo1nc difcontents I after \Vould not or<lid reqnire it. Thecaufc1noving them

oF a1s LrF,1;: .'I.ND Tn..1Es. 93 ,vas this;- thc;y cou!cl get no intelligence out of France, although they had feveral agents there for that purpofe. I had formerlyacquaintancewithafecularprieft, at this timeconfefior to one of the Secretaries; unto hi1n I ·wrote, and by that 1neans had perfect kno\.vledge of the chiefefi concern1nents of France, at,;vhich they admired; but l never yet, until this day, revealed the name of the perfon.

One occafion ,..,,hy I deferted that employment \.Vas, becaufe Scott, who had eight hundred pounds per Annum for intelligence, would not contribute any occafion to gratify my friend : And another thing was, I received foine affront from Gualter Frofr their Secretary, one that was a .P.rincipal mini!l:er belonging to the Council of State. Scott was ever n1y enemy, the other knave died of a gangrene in his ann fuddenly after.

in 1648 and 1 649, that I might encourage young ftudents in afl:rology, I publickly read over the fi1:ft part of my IntroducBon, wherein there are many things contained, not eafily to be underftood.

And no,v ""e are entered into the year 1649: his Majefiy being at St. James's I-ioufe, in January of that year, I begun its obfervations thus;

"I am

MR. L1LLY's HrsToRY

" I am ferious, I beg and expect juf" tice; either fear or• fhame begins to " qucftion offenders.

" The lofty cedars begin to divine a " thundering hurricane is at hand; God " elevates men contemptible.

" Our demigods are fenfible we begin •· to dillike their atl:ions very much in " London, more in the country.

" Blelfed be God, ,,;ho encourages his " fervants, makes them valiant, and of " undaunted fpirits, to go on with his " decrees: upon a fu<lden, great expec" tations ariie, and men generally believe "a quiet and calm time draws nigh."

In Chriftmas holidays, the Lord Gray of Grooby and Hugh Peters, fent for me to Somerfet-Houfe, with directions to bring them tv.,o of my Almanacks.-I <lid fo; Petersand he read January's Obfervations.

• If we are not fools and knaves,' faith he, ' we!hall do juftice:' then theywhifpered. I underfrood not their meaning till his Majefty was beheaded. They applied \.vhat I ·wrote of juftice, to be urr<lerftood of his Majefty, \.vhich,vas contrary to my intention; for Jupiter, the firft day of January, became direa; and Libra is a fign fignifying Jufrice; I implored for juftice generally upon fuch as had

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 95 had cheated in their places, being treafurers, and fuch like officers. I had not then heard the leafr intimation of bringing the King unto trial, and yet the firft day thereof I was cafua!Iy there, it being upon a Saturday; for going to Wefrminfter every Saturday in the afternoon, in thefe times, at White-hall I cafually met Peters ; ' Come, Lilly, wiltthougo hear 'theKingtried?' �\Vhcn?' faidI. 'NOIA', • juft now; go \Vith me.' I did fo, and was permitted by the gu2rd of foldiers to pafsup tothe King's-Bench. vVithin one quarter of an hour came the Judges, prefently his l\1ajefty, who fpoke excellently well, and majeftically, withoutimpediment in the leaft when he fpoke. I fawthe filver top of his ftaffunexpectedly fall to the ground, \vhich wastook up by Mr. Ru!hworth: but \vhen I heard Bradiha\v theJudge fay to his Majefty,

' Sir, inftead of anfwering the court, ' you interrogate their po\ver, \vhich be' comes not one in your condition.'

Thefe words pierced my heart andfoul, to hear a fubjecc thus audacioufly to reprehend his Sovereign, who ever and anon replied with great magnanimity and prudence.

After that his Majefiy ,vas beheaded, the Parliament for fo1ne years affected nothing either for the publick peace or tran-

96

lvIR. LILLv's HrsTOR1' tranquillityof -the nation, or fettling religion as they had formerly promifed. Theinterval of ti1ne betwixt his Majefty's death and Oliver Cromwell's difplacing them, \,Vas wholly confumed i11voting for themfelves, and bringing their own re-lations to be members of Parliament, thinking to make a trade thereof.

The week, or three or four days before hisMajefty'sbeheading, oneMajorSydenham, who had commands in Scotland, can1e to take his leave of me, and told me the King was to be put to death, which I was not willing to believe, and faid, ' I could not be perfuaded the Par­

• liament could find any Englifhman fo ' barbarous, that v;ould do that foul ' action.' ' Rather,' faith he, ' than they

• {hould want fuch a man, thefe arms

' of mine fhould do it.' He went prefently after into Scotland, and upon the firft engagen1ent againft them, was flain, and his bodymifcrably cut and n1angled.

In 1651 I publifhed Monarchy or no Monarchy, and in the latter end thereof fome hieroglyphicks of my ov;n, corn.pofed, at [pate time, by the accult learning, many of thofe types haYing reprefentations of ,vhat {hould fro1n thence fucceed in England, and have fince had verification.

OF 1-IIS LIFE ANDTil\fES. 97

I had not that learning from books, or anymanufcript I ever yet met withal, it isreduced from a caballodginginaftro: logy, but fo myfterious and difficult to. be attained; that I have not yet been acquainted ""ith any who had that kno\vledge. I will fay no more thereof, !rut that the afterifms and figns and couftellations give greateft light thereunto.

During Brad!haw's being Prefident of the Council of State, it was my happinefs to procure Captain \1/harton his liberty, ·whichwhen Bradfhaw underftood, faid, • I will be an iine1nyto Lilly, if ever ' he comebeforeme.' SirBolftrodeWhit..: lock broke the ice firft of all on behalf' of Captain Wharton: afterhim the Committee, unto whom his offence ha� been co1nmittcd, fpoke for him, and £aid he might well be bailed or enlarged: I had fpoken to the Com1nittee the morning of his delivery, who thereupon were fo civil unto hi1n, efpecially Sir William Ermin of Lincolnfhire. who at fir.ftwon.:. dered I appeared not again.ft him; bot upon my humble requeft, my long con..: tinued antagonift ,vas enlarged and ha& his liberty.

In 165 1 I purchafed one f1undred an<! ten pounds per Annum in fee-farm rents for one thoufand and thirty pounds. I paid all in 1·eady 1noney; \Jut \Vhen hi�

H Majefty

MR. LILLY's HrsTo!'tY

Majefty King Charles the Second, 1666, ,vas reftored, I loft it all again, and it returned to the right owner; the lofs thereof never afllicted me, for I have ever reduced my nund according to my fortune. I was drawn in by feveral perfon:i to make that fimple purchafe. The year I bought it1 I had n1y a(cendant directed into a Trine of Jupiter fir.fr, and in the fame yea:r into the Cauda Dracanis -my fort11ne into a quadrant of Mercury. \Vhen Colchefter was befieged, John Booker and myfe1f were fent for, where we encouraged the foldiers, affuring them the to,vn would very {hortly be furrendered, as indeed it ,vas : I would willingly have obtairted leave to enter tl1e tO\,Vll, to haveinformedSir CharlesLucas, ' whom I \vell knew, with the conditionof affairs a they thert ftood, he being deluded by falfe intelligence: at that time my fcholar Hun1phreys was therein, who many times deluded the Governor with expectation of relief; but failing very many times with his lies, at laft he had the bail:inado, ,vas put in prifon, and in• forced. to become a foldier; ·and ,veil it was he efcaped fo.-During my being there, the fteeple of St. Mary's Church was much battered by t\vo cannons pu�·poielyplaced : 1 was there one day abouJ: three of rhe clockin the afte,rnoon, talk­

•. . 1ng

.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 99 ing ,vith the cannoneer, when prefentlyhe defired us to look to ourfelves, for he perceived byhis perfpective glafs therewas a piece charged in the caftle againft his work, and ready to be difchatged. I ran for hafte under an old afh-tree, and immediately the cannon-bullet came hiffing quite over us. ' No danger now,' faith the gunne!', ' but begone, for there are ' five more charging,' which was true; for two hours after thofe cannons were difchargcd, and unluckily killed our cannoneer and matrofs. I came the next 1norning and faw the blood of the two poor n1en lie upon the planks: we were well ente1tained at thehead qua1ters, and after tvvo whole days abiding there, can:ie for London.

But vve profecute our 11:ory again, and f1y that in the year 1652 I purchafed my houfe and fo:ne lands in Herfha1n, in the parilh of Walton upon Thames, in the county of Surrey, ,vhere I now live; intending by the blefling of God, when I found it convenient, to retire into the c'<>t111try, there to end my days in peace

a.nd tranqnillity; for in London my practice \Vas fuch, I had none or very little ti1ne affo�ded 1ne to ferve God, wlto had been fo gracious unto n1e. The pun:hafe of the houfe and lands, and building-, fl:o:Jd 1ne in nine hundred and H :2 .fifty

100

1\-IR. L1LLY's H1s-roRY

fifty pounds fterling, which I have very much aug1nented.

The Parliament now grows odious unto all good men, the members whereof became infufferable in their pride, covetoufnefs, felf-ends, lazinefs, minding tiothing but howto enrichthemfelves. Much heartaburningnowarofebetwixt the Prefbyterian and Independant, the latter fiding with the army, betwixt whofe two judgments there was no medium. No,v came up, or fir!l: appeared, that 1nonftrous people called Ranters : and many other novel opinions in themfelves heretical and fcandalous, were countenanced by members of Parliament, many whereof were of the fa1ne judgment. Juftice was neglected, vice countenanced, and all care of the common good laid afide. Every jndgment almoft groaned underthe heavy btuthen they then fuffered; the arn1y neglected; the city of London fcorned; theminiilry, efpeciallythofewho ,vere orthodox and ferious, honeft or virtuous, had no countenance; my foul•began to loath the very nam.e of a Parlia1nent, or Parliament-men. There yet remained in the Houle very able, judicious, and worthy patriots; but they, by their filence, only ferved themfelves : all was carried on by a rabble of dunces, �ho being the greater number, voted what

OF 111S LIFE AND TIMES. IOl what feemed beft to their nonintelligent fancies.

In this year I publifhed Annus Tenebrolhs, ,vhich book I did not fo entitle, becaufe of the great obfcurity of the folar eclipfe, by fo many prattled of to no purpole, but becaufe of thofe underhand and clandeftine counfels held in England by the foldiery, of which I ,vould never, but in generals, give anyknowledgeunto any Parliamant man. Ihad wrote publickly in 1650, thattheParliament fhould not continue, but a new government fhould arife, &c.

In my next year's Anglicus, upon rational grounds in. aftrology, I vvas fo bold as to aver therein, that the Parlian1ent ftood upon a tottering foundation, and that the commonalty and foldiery ivocrld join together again.ft them.

My Anglicus Vl'as for a whole V\'eek every day in the Parlian1ent I-Ioufe, peepedinto bythe..P1·efbyterians, one difliking this fentence, another finds another fault, others milliked thewhole; fo in the end a motion was made, tl1at Anglicus{hould be infpe8:ed by the Committee for plundered minifters; which being done, they 'll-·ere to return then1 to the Houfe, 'Viz. report 1ts errors.

A meffengerattached 1ne by a warrant -from that Committee; I had private H 3. notice

ioz

MR. LrLLv's HrsroR Y

notice ere the meffenger came, and hafted unto Mr. Speaker Lenthall, ever my friend. He was exceeding glad to fee me, told mewhat was done; called for Anglicus, marked the paffages\Vhich tormented the Preiliyterians fo highly. I prefently fent for J.\tfr. vVarren the printer, an affured Cavalier, obliterated what ·was 1no.fl: offenfive, put in other more fignificant words, and defired only to have fix amended againll: next morning, which very honeftly he brought me: I told him my: defign was to deny the book found fault with, to own only the fix books. I told him, I doubted he would be exa1nined.

• Hang them,' faid he, • they are all

• rogues. I'll fwear myfelf to the devil

• ere they fuall have an advantage ag�ft

• you by my oath.'

The day after, I appeared before the Committee, being thirty fix in number that day; whereas it was obferved, at other times, it was very difficult to get five of them together. At fir.ft they fhewed me the true Anglicus, and afked if I wrote and printed it. I took the book and infpecl:ed it vety heedfully; and, when I had done fo, faid thus :

• This is none of my book, fome ma­

• licious Preibyterian hath vvrote it, who ' are my mortal ene1nies; I difown it.' The Committee looked upon one another

OF HIS LIFE 4ND TIMES. 103 ther like difi:racred men, not imagining wh.at I prefently did; for l prefently pulled out of n1y pocket fix books, and faid, ' Thefe I own, theothers are coun, terfeits, publifhedpurpofelyto ruin me.' The Cdnunittee were now 1nore vexed than before: Not one v,ord \Vasfr,oke a good while; at l�ft, 1na.ny of the1n, or the greateft number of them, \.Vere of opinion to imprii'on me. Somewere for Newgate, others for the Gate-I-Ioufe; but then one Bro,vn of Sufi�x, called the Pre.fbyterian beadle, who1n the company of Stationers had bribed to be my friend, by giving h.im a new book of Martyrs; he, I fay, preached unto the Committee this doclrine, that neither Newgate or the Gate-Houfe were prifons unto which at any time the Parliament fent prifoners: it was 1110ft convenient for 'the Serjeant at Arms to take n1e in cuftody,

Mr. Strickland, who had for tnany yeats been the Parliament's A1nba1Tador .or A�ent in Hqllanq1 when he faw ho,v they inclined, fpoke thus:

' I Caine purpofely �nto the Committee ' this dayto fee the m�n who is fo fa' mous in thofe parts w4ere I have fo , long continned: I a{fureyon his nan1e ' is famous all over Europe; I come to , do·hil1} juftice! A book is produced by H . 4 us,

1�4

MR. LILLY's l-ItsToRv

, us, �cl faid to pe l!is; he ·denies it;

, we h.Jve not proved it, 3/et ,vill cpmmit

, him, Truly t})i$ is great: injutice. It

' is ljk,:ly he will write next year, and

• acquaint the who� world with our in-­

! juftice; and fr> will he may. It is my

, opin�qn, firft to prove the bOQk to be

, h1�, ere qe be coinmitted.' ·

Another olq friend of mine, Mr. R1

fpoke thus ;

' Yqu dp not kn.ow the many fervices

, this mp.n hath done for the Parliament

� thtfe many years, or how many ti1nes,

, in our greateft diftrefres, we applying

' unto him, he hath refrefhed otu: Ian"

, gui{hing expectations; he never: failed

' us of comfort in our moft unhappy

' diftt$!ffes. I affure yo1i his writings have

f kept up the fpirits both of the fold.iery,

! the honeft people of this aation, and

, many qf us Parliamtint mep; and now

' at !aft, for a flip of his pen (if it wer,e

'his) to be thus violent againft him: I

• mµft tell you, I fear the confequence

' qrged Qut of the book will prove �f­

� fecl:ually true. It is my counfel, to

! ad.rn<>nifu him hereafter to be more

• vyary� ancf fqr the prefer..t !O difmif�

t him.' , .

Nptwithftanding �ny thing that was

fpo�en on my behalf, I was ordered to.

ftanq fq���tte,.d to th� S�rjc;ant at Arms.

•

The .. .....

O'F' HIS.LIFE AtiD TIMES. 'JO" .)

The· melfenger attached 1ny p�rfon, faid I was his -prifoner. • As he was carrying me away, he was called ta bring me again. Oltver Cro1nwell, LieutenantGericral of the army, having never feen Fne, caufed' me· to· be produced again, ,vhere he ftcdfa!Hy beheld me for a good fpace, and then rwent with the meflenger; but inftantly a young clerk of that Committee alks the melfenger what he did with me, "vhere's the warrant? until that is figned you cannot feize Mr. Lilly, 01• fhall. \Vill you have an aclion of falfe imprifonment againft you? So I efcaped that· night, but next day obeyed th6 waltant. That night Oliver Crom-:\veU went to lVIr. R.. my friend, and faid, • W-lia1:-tiever a man to take Lilly's �au(e "In hand but yourfclf? None to take hi� ! partbut you? He fhall not be long there.'

Hugli'• Petets fpoke much in my behi!,lf to the Committee; but tney were refolved to lodge me i'n the Serjeant's cuftody. Orte Millington, a drunken member, was mucli' my: ehemy; and fo was Cawley an.d Chichefier, a deformed fellow, unto whom I had done 'feveral courtefies.

Fi'rft thirteeh days I was a prifoner;. and though every day of th� Committee·s fitting f had a petition to deliver, y�_f; fo many churliCT1 Prefbyterians· ftill appeftred, I could-riotget it acctipted. The • • - laft

MR, LILLY'$ HISTORY

]aft day of the thirteen, Mr,Jofeph Afh was made Chairman, unto whom my caufe bi;ing related, he took my petition, and faid I fhould be bailed in defpite of them all, but deli.red I would procure as 111any friends as I could to be there. Sir .Arthur Hazelrigg, and t1ajor Salloway, a perfon of excellent parts, appeared for me, and 1nany now of my old friends came in. After two wholehours arguing of my caufe by Sir Arthur and fvlajor Sallo,vay, and other friends, the matter came to this point; I fhould be bailed, and a Committee nominated to txamine the I_>rinter. The order of the Committee being brought afterwards to him who !hould be Chairman, he fent me word, do vvhat I would, he wouldfre all the knaves hanged, ere he would examine the J?rinter. This is the trqth of the ftory.

The 16th of February 165¾, tnyfecond wife died; for whofe death. I !hed no tears. I had five hundred pounds with her as a portion, but fhe and her poor relations ipent me one thoufand pounds, Gloria Patri, & Pilio, & SpirituiSanclo; .ficut erat in principio & nunc & fe111per, & in Jaculaf1eculorun1: For the 20th of April 1655, thefe enemies of mine, viz! Parliam,ent men, wereturnedout of door� by Oliver Crom_yyell. A German doctor of

OF �IS l-,IFE AND TIMES, 107 of phyfick bejng tl}eq iµ �onµpn, feat 1ne-thi.s paper:

Str�phe Alca£aa: Generefo Domino Gu!iehna Lillio Aflrologt1, de diflo/uto nuper Parliamento. • •

Q.?od calculalli Sydere prawio, lvlilespcregitnurniner.onfcio, GentisvidemusmmcSenaturn, ManeTogq; gravilevatum.

In the time of my imprifonment, Mr. Rufhworth came to vifit me, and told ine, the army would do as much as I had prepict:ed unto the Parliament.

In October I654, I married the third wife, who is fignified in my nativity by Jupiter in Libra; �nd the isfo totally in. her conditions, to my great comfort,

In 1655, lwasinditl:edatHicks's-Hall by � half-witted young woman. Three feveral Seffions ihewasneglected, andthe Jury caft forth her bill; but the fourtb time, they found it again.fr n1e: I put in bail to traverfe the indichnent. The caufe of the indictment was, for that I had given .judgment upon ftolen goods. and received two fhillings and fix pence. -And thi� was faid to be €ontrary unto an Act in King James'stime made.

This mad woman wasput upon this actio� again� me by two 1n1�1ifters, ,vho had

108

·MR. LtLLY's H1sToRY

had framed forher av.cry ingenious fpeech, ,vhich {he could. fpeak without book; as ihe did the day of hearing thl! traverfe. She produced one woman, who told the cc..1tt, a fon of her's •..vas run from her; that being in much affliction of mind for her lofs, !he repaired unto me to know what was become of him; that I told her he was gone for the Barbadoes, and fhe would hear of him within thirteen days; which, fhe faid, l11e did,

A fecond won1an made oath, that her hufband being wanting two years, fue repaired to 1ne for advice : TJ1at I told her he was in Ireland, and would be at home fuch a time; and, faid .£he, he did come home accordingly.

I owned the taking of half a er.own for my judgment of the theft;. hut.faid, I gave no other judgment, but that the goods would not be recovered, being::that ,vas all which was required of me c the party, before that, having been withSeveral aftrologers, fome affinning fhe fuould have her goods again, others..gave contrary judgment, which made her come unto me for a final refolution�- , .

At 1aft my enemy began her b.efore-1nade fpeeclt, ·and► without theJeafr ftum:.. bling, pronounced it before, the court; lvhich. ended, ihe had fome queries put unto her, and then 1 fpoke:for myfelf', i..� , and

OF His LIFE AKD Trr.r&s. -iop and prodoced'11lY mvn Introductioninto court, faying, that I had fome y.ears be.. fore emitted that book for the benefitof this andother nations; that itwasallowed by authority, and had found good acceptance in both univerfities; that the ftudy of aftrology was lawful, and not contradicted by any fcripture; that I neither had, or ever did, ufe anycharms, forceries, or inchantments related in the bill of indictment, &c.

She then related, that fhe had been feve1·alti,nes with me, andthat afterwards fhecouldnot reft anights, but was troubled with bears, lions, and tygers, &c. My counfel was theRecorderGreen, who afterhe had anfwered all objections, concluded, aftrology ,vas alawful art.

. ' Miftre.fs/ faid he, ' .vhat colour .vas

• thofe bea.fts that you were fo terrified

� with?'

• 1 never faw any,' faid !he.

'Row do you then know they vrere ' lions, tygers, or bears,' replied he.-

• This is an idJe perfon, only fit for Bed-

• lam.' The Jury who went not from the bar, brought in, No true Bill.

There were many P1·cfbyterian Jufticcs much for her, andefpeciallyone Robt!rts, a bufy fellow for the Parliament, who after his l\,1ajefty came in, had like to haveloft life and fortune.

I had

t16

MR. LrLLY's HrsToRY

I had procured Juftice Hooker to l;e there, who was the oracle of all the Juftices of Peace in Middlefex.

1-'here was nothing me1norable, after that happened unto me, until 1650, and the :month of October, at what time (;al?tainOwen Cox brought meoverfrom his Majefty of SwedenJ a gold chain and n1edal, worth about fifty pounds; the caufewhereof was, that in the year I657, and r658, I had made honourable men• tionof him : the Anglicus of 1658 being trant1ated into the language fpoke at Hamburgh, printed and cried about the ftreets, as it 1s in London.

The occafion of my writing fohonour-' ably of his Majefty of Sweden was this: Sir Bolftrode Whitlock, Knight, uponthe very ti1neof Oliver's beingmade Protector, having madeve1ynoblearticles betwixt Chriftina then �een of Sweden, and the Engli!h nation, was in his being at StockholmvifitedfrequentlybyCharles Guftavus; unto whom Chriftina refigned during his abode, and ufed with all n1anner of civility by him, infonl'uch as fome other Ambaffadors took it ill, that they had not fo much refpect ol" equal: unto which he would reply, he would be kind where himfelf did findjuft catife of merit unto any. He was a great lover of our nation; but there ,vas fo1ne other caufes alfo

bt 1trs. LtrE AND TIMES. 1it alfo moving. my pen to be fo liberal!, viz. The great hopes I had of his ptevi,iling, and of taking Copenhag<;:n and Ellinorc, which if he had lived, was hoped, h� might have acc;omplifhed; and had affuredly done, if Oliver the Protector had not fo untimely died ere our fleet of fhip'3 returned; for Oliver fent the fleet on purpofe to fight the Dutch; but dying, and the Parliament being reftored, Sit Henry Vane, ,vho afterwards was beheaded, had order fro1n the Council of State to give order to the fleet what to do no\v Oliver ,vas dead, and themfclves reftored. Vane, out of !l:ate-policy, gave the Earl of Sandwich direction not to fight the Dutch. Captain Symons,, ,vho carried thofe letters, f,vore unto me,. had he kno,vn the letters he ca1Tied had contained any fuch prohibition, he would have funk both fhip and letters. Olive'Jr faid, when the fleet was to go forth�

• That if God blefied his Majefty of Swe-

• den with Copenhagen, the Engli!h ,vere

• to have Elfmore as their !hare; v.·hich

• if once I have,' faith Oliver, • the Eng' lilh !hall have the whole trade of the ' Baltick Sea: I will make the Dutch find ' another paff:ige, except they will pay

• fuch cuftoms as r fhall i1npofe.' Con� fidering the advantages this would have been to our Englifh, who can blame my pen

MR, LrLLy's H1sToRy

pen for being liberal, ther�byto have erl" couraged our famous and noble feamen, or for 'vvriting fo honourably of the Sweclifh nation, \vho had moft courteoufiy treated my beft of friends, Sir Bolftrode Whitlock, and bv whofe means, had the defign taken effett, the Englifu nation had been n1ade happy with the moftbe� neficial concern of all Chriftendom. I fhall conclude about Oliver the then Protecl:or, with whom obliquely I had tranfaaions by his fon-in-la,v, Ivir. Cleypool; and to fpeak truly of him, he fent one that waited upon him in his chamber, once in two or three days, to hear how it fared with me in my feffions bufinefs; but I never had of him, directly or in..: direcl:ly, either penfion, or any the leaft fum ofmoney, or anygratuity duringhis whole Protecl:orfhip; this I proteft to be true, by the name and in the name ofthe moil: holy God.

In 1653, before the cliflolution of the Parliament, and that ere they had chofen any for their Ambaffador into Sweden, Mr. Cleypool came unto me, demanding of me whon1 I thought fittefr to lend upon that atnbafly into Sweden; I no... minatedSirB. \1/hitlock, who wa�chofen, and two or three days after Mr. Cleypooi came again: ' I hope Mr. Lilly, my fa-' ' ther, hathn-0,vpleafed you; Your friend �

or HIS LIFE Ali!!> TrMts. r 13

' Sir B. \Vhitlock is to go for Stveden.' But.fince I havementionedOliver Cromwell, I will relate fomething of him, which perhapsno other pencan, or will mention. He was bortlof generous p::trents in I-tuntingdonlhire, educatedfome time at the univerfityof Can1bridge: in his youth was,vhollygive1ttodebauchery, quarelling,_ drinking, &c. r_uid non; hav� ing by thofe mea1ts,vaftedhispatrimony, he was enforced to bethink hi1nfelf of leaviug England, and go to Ne\v-England; he had hireda paffage in a fuip, butere fhe launched out for hervoyage, a kinfmandieth, leaving him a confider-' able fortune; upon ,vhich he returns; pays his debts, became affected to religiQn; is elecl:ed in r640 a member of Parliament, in 1642 made a Captain of horfe under Sir Philip Stapleton, fought at Edge-I-Jill; afterhewasmadea Colonel, then Lieutenant-General to theE_arl of 1\'.lanchefl:er, who wasoneof the three Generals to fight the Earl of Newcafile and Prince Rupert at York: Ferdinaqdo Lord Fairfax, and Earl Leven the Scot, were the other t,vo forthe Parliarnent ! the lafttwo thinkingall had beenloftat Marfl:on-1\iioor fight, Fairfax ,vent into Ca,vood Caftle, giving all for loft: at twelve at pight there came,vord of the Parli:2ment's victory ; Fairfax beingthen

laid do,\•n upon a bed, there was not a candle in the caftle, nox any fire: up rifeth Lord Fairfax, procures after fome time, paper, ink, and candle, w1�tes to Hull, and other garrifons of the Parliament's, of the fuccefs, and then flept.

Leven theScot a!ked the...,vaytoTweed: the honour of that day's fight ·was given to Manchefter, Sir Thomas Fairfa:x's brigade of horfe, and Oliver Cron1well's iron fides; for Cromwell's horfe, in thofe times, ufually wore head-pieces, back and breaft-plates of iron. After this victory Cromwell became gracious with the Houfe of Com1nons, efpecially the Zealots, or Pre!byterians, with who1n at that time he efpecially joined; tbe name Independent, at that time, viz. 1644, being not fo much fpoken of1

There was fome animofity at or befoJe the fight, betwixt the Earl of Newca{tle and Prince Rupe1t; for NewcaO:le being General of his Majefty's forces in the North, a perfon of valour, and well efteemed in thofe parts, took it not well to have aco1npetitorinhis concen11nents.; for if the victoryfhould fall on hisMajefty's fide, Prince Rupert's forces would attribute it unto their own General, viz. Rupert, and give him the glory thereof: but that it ha.ppened, Prince Rupert, in that day's fight, engaged the Parliament's forces

OF I{IS LIFE Ji.ND T11vtES. l IS forces too foon, a11<l before the Earl of Newcaftle could well come out of York with his army ; by reafon whereof, though Rupert had abfolutcly routed the Scots and the Lord Fairfax's forces; yet ere ti1nely affiilance could fecond his army, Sir Tho1nas Fairfaxand Cromwellhad put him to flight, and not long after all Newcaftle'sanny. Amongftthemoftmemorable actions of that day's this happened, that one entire regiment of foot belonging to Newcaftle, called the Lambs, becaufe they were all new cl<5athed in wl)ite woollen cloth, two or three days before the fight. This fole regiment, after the day was loft, having got into a fmallparcel of ground ditched in, and not of eafy accefs of·horfe, would take no quarter� and by mere valour, forone whole 11our,, kept the troops of horfe from ,J·•• •·ing among ft themat nearpufh of pike •,hen the horfe did enter, they woul have no ,quarter, but fought it out til, •liere \.vas not thirty of them living: thof� ,vhofe hap it was to be beaten down upon. the ground as the troopers came neat' them, though theycould notriie fortheir wounds, Y.et were fo defperate as to ge� either a pike or fword7 or piece of them, and to gore the troopers horfes as they came overthem, orpafiedbythem. Captain Camby, then a trooper under CromI z wcll_.

\veil, and an acl:01·, ,vho was the t!1ird or fourth man that entered amongil thcn1, protefted, he never in all the fights he was in, 1net ,vith fi.1ch refoiute brave fellows, or -.vho1n he pitied fo much, and faid, ' he faved h-vo or three againfr their • wills.'

After the fight, Manchefter marched flov.,Jy fouth\vard, &c. but at lafr ca,ne with his anny to Newbery fight; which ended, he came for London, and there he accufeth Cron1,vell, being his Lieutenant, to the Parliatnent, ofdifobcdie:1ce, and not obeying his orders.

The Houfc <1f Co1nn1ons acquaint Crom,vell herewith, and charge him, as he ·wonld anfwer it before God, that the day following he lhould give them a full account of l\1anchefter's proceedings, and the caufe and occafion of their difference. and of the rcafons ,vhy Manchefl:cr diet not timely n,ove wefhvard for the re1ief of Efiex, then in the weft, ,vho ·was abfolutely routed, inforced to fly, all his foot taken, and all his ordnance and train of artillery, onlythe h(,rfe efcaping.

Cron1well the next day gave this aceount to Mr. Speaker in the Houfe of Con1mons-by way of recrimination.

Th<1-taJter God had given them a fncct?fsful vitl:ory at Ma.dl:on oyer the King's tQrces, and that they had ,vell refre!hc<l their

OF HIS LtFE AND TIMES. I 17 their arn1y, Manchefter, by their order, di<lmovelouthvvard, bnt ·withfuchfloY1°nefs, thatiometi1nes hewouldnotmarch for three days together; fometimes he ,vould lie ftiil one day, then two days; whereupon he faid, confidering the Earl of Elfex was in the ,veft, with what fuccefs he then knew not, he moved Manchefter feveral times to quicken his marchto theweft, for relief of Efiex,· if he,vere beaten, or to divert the King's forces from followingof Efiex; but he faidManchefterll:ill refufedto make any hafte; and thatoneday hefaid, ' If any 'n1an but yourfelf, Lieutenant, fhould ' fo frequently trouble me, I would call •hin1 before a Council of \Var. "Ve ' have beaten the King's forces in the 'north; if \.\1efhould do fo in the weft, 'his Majefty is then undone: He hatll 'manyfonsliving; if anyof tben1con1e ' to the Crown, as they well may, they ' ,viIIneverforgetus.'

ThisMajorHam1nond, a man of honour, . will juftify aswell asmyfelf. Afterwluchhemarched not at al!, until he had order from the Com1nittee to haften ,�,eftward, by reafon of Eficx's being loft in Corn1,vall, \.vhich then he did; and at Nev,hery fight, it is true, I refufed to obey his directions and order: for this it v,a�; his Majefty's horfe being betwixt

I 3 four

MR. L1LLv's H1sT0Rv

four and five thoufand in a large com-. mon, in gooq. order, he commands me, Mr. Speaker, to charge thel}'l; we ha:v. . 1ng i:io wayto come at them but through a narrow lane, \vhere not aQOve thre.� horfe could march abreaft ; whereby had I followed his Ol'.der, we had been all cut off ere we could have got into anyorder. JMr. Speaker, (and then he wept; ,vhich 'he could do toties quotiej) I confidering that all the vifible army you then had, 'was by this counfel in danger to be loft, refufed thus to en.danger the main frrength, which no"{ moft of all confifted of thofe horfe under my command, &�. This his recrimination was well accepted by the Houfe of Commons, who thereupon, and from that time, thought there i,•as noneof the Houfe of Lorqs, very fit to be entruftedwith their futurearmies, but had then thoughts of making a commoner their General; which afterw�rds they did, and elected Sir Thomas Fairfax their General, and Cromwell Lieutenant-General; but it was next fpring nrfr. l1pon Effex's being loftin Corn"vall, I hLard Serjeant Maynard fay. ' If F no\v the K.ing hafte to London we are • undone, having noarmy torefift him.' His Majefty had many misfort:Unes everattending him, during his abode•at z Oxford�

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. I19 Oxford;·fon1e by rea{on of that great anin1ofitybetwixtPrinceRupe1t and the Lord Digby, eachendeavouring to crofs one another; but the viorft of all was bytreachery of feveral officers underhis command, and in his fervice; for the Parliament had in continual pay one Colonel of the King's Council of War; one Lieutenant-Colonel; one Captain; one Enfign; oneor two Serjeants; fcvc. ratCorporals, ,vhohadconftantpay,and duly paid the1n every n1onth, according tothecapacityof theirofficesandplaces, andyet noneof thefeknewanythingof each other's being fo employed. There 'h ·erefeveralwell-wilhersuntotheParliamentinOxford, where each left his letter, puttingit in atthehole of aglafs,vindow, as he madewater intheftreet. What was put in at thewindo,vinany ofthofe houfes, was the fame dayconveyed two rniles off by fome inthe habit oftown-garde11ers, to the fide of a ditch, whereoneormore,vereeverready to givethe intelligence to thenext Parlia1nentgarrifon: Iwasthenfamiliarwith all the fpies thatoonftantlyweqt i1\ a11<1 outtoOxford.

Butonce moreton1yown acl:ions. I had in 1652 and 1653 and 1654 n1uch contentionwith Mr.Gata.ere ofR.otherhithc, � rnan endued ,vjth all kind of I 4 learning,

•

120

MR. L1LLv's H1sTOR\' le:;.rning, and the ableft man of thewhole , fynod ofdivines in the Oriental tongues. The fynod had conclqded to make an expofition upon the bible; fome undertook one book, fon1e another. Gatacre fell upon Jercn1y. Upon makirlg his expofition on the zd ve:fe of the 1oth chapter, ' Learn not the \vay of the heathen, ' and be not difn1ayed at the figns of ' heaven1 for the heathen are di!inayed at 'them.'

In his Annotations thereupon, he makes a fcandalous expofition ; and in exprefs terms, hints at n1e, repeating verbativ1, ten or twelve times �n Epiftle of mine in one of my forn1er Anglicus, The fubftance of my Epiftle was, that I did conceive the good angels of God, did firft reveal aftrology unto mankind, &c. but he in l1is Annotations calls me blind buzzard, &c.

Having n0\V liberty of the prefs, and hearing the old 1nan \Vas very cholerick, I thought fit to raife it up-and only ,vrote-I rcferreq my di(courfe then in hand to the difcuffion and judgment of fober perfons, but not untoThornas Wifeacre, fpr Sen6sbispueri.- 1hefe very vvords J.)egot the writing of forty-two {beets �gainfl myfelf and aftrology. The next year J quih.bltd again in three or four linc;!i

OF IitS LI'FE AN.I;) TIMES. 12( linesagainfthim,thenheprintedtwentytwo..lheetsagainft me. I wasperfuaded hy Dr. Gauden, late Bifhop of Exeter, to lethimalone; but inmynext year's Anglicus,inAuguftobfervations,Iwrote, Hoe in tumbajacet Presbyter & Nebula, in whichverymonthhedied. Several divines applied themfelves unto ••n1e-, defiring me to forbear any furthet' 1 vexing of Mr.Gatacre; but allofthem did as much condemn him of indifcretion, that in fofober apieceof v.1orkas that was, viz. in anAnnotation upona facred text of fcripture to particula1·ize me and in that dirty language: they pitied him, that hehad not better confidered ,vith hin1{elf ere he publifhed it.

-

• De.anOwenof Chrift's-ChurchinOx'ford, alfo in his fermons had !harp in'\rectives again!½: me and afirology; I , criedquittancewithhim, byurging_,1/Jbl/t Panormitan's judgmcnt of aftrology contrary to Owen's, and concluded, 'An t AbbotwasanaceaboveaDean.'

, One Mr.Nye of the affembly of di�ines, a Jufuitical Prefbyterian, bleated forth his judgn1entpublicklyagainft me and aftrology: to be quit v.•ith hi1n, I urged Caufinus the Jefuit's approbation of afuology, and concluded, Sic car.i4us <;,atulos1 &c.

In fon1e time after the Dutch Ambaffador was offended with fo1ne things in Anglicus, prefented a memorial to the Councilof State, that Merlinus Anglicus mightbeconfidered, andtheabufesagainft their nation examined; but his paperwas not acct>pted of, or I any way molefred.

In Oliver's Protecrorfhip, I"vrotefreely and fatyrical enough: hewas nowbecome Independant, and all the foldiery my friends; for when he v,as in Scotland, the day of one of their fights, a foldier ftood w.ith Anglicus in his hand; and as the feveral troops paffed by him, ' Lo, ' hear what Lilly faith; you are in this ' month promifed victory, fight it out, ' brave boys, and then r�ad that month's ' prediction.'

I had long before predicted the downfall of Preibytery, as you (mofthonoured Sir) in the figure thereof, in my IntroduEt.ion, may obferve; and it was upon this occafion. Sir Thomas Middleton of Chark Caftle, enemy to Pre!bytery, feeing they much prevailed, being a member of the Houfe, ferioufiy demanded my judgment, if Preibytery fhould prevail, or not, in England? The figui;e printed in my Introduction, will beft give you an account, long before it ha_ppened, of the finking and failing of Preibytery; fo will th(;

OF u1s LIFE AND TrMES. 123 the fecond page of my Hieroglyphicks. Thofe men, to be ferious, would preach well; but they were more lordly than Biil1ops, and ufually, in their parilhes, n1ore tyi·annical than the Great Turk.

Of the Year 1660 ; the Actions ,vhereof, as they were remarkable in England, fo were they no lefs 1ne1norable as to my particular Fortune and Perfon.

UpontheLordGeneralMonk'sreturnjng from Scotland 1with his army into England, fuddenly after his coming to London, Richard Cro1nv<.rell, the then Protector's authority ,vas laid afide, and the old Parliament reftored; the Council of State fat as formerly. The firft act they put the General upon was, to take down the city gates and port.culliffes, an act ,vhich, the General fai<l, \Vas fitter for a Janizary to do than for a General; yet he effecl:ed the Commands received, and then lodged in the city with h.is army. The citizens took th.is pulling down of their gates fo heinoufly, that one night the ruder fort of them procured all the rumps of beef, and other baggage, and publicklyburnt them j1J the ftreets, in derjfion of the then Parliament,

124 M1L LILLY's IirsToRY

Parliament, caIH�i them that :t}OW ./;it, The Run1p. This hurly-burly \Vas managed as well by tlie General's foldie,rs as the citizens. THe King's health was publicklydrank all over the city, to the confufionof the Parliament. The matter continued until midnight, or longer. The Council of State, fitting atWhiteHall, had hereof no knowledge, until Sir MartinNoell, adifcreetcitiien, came about nine at night, and then firft infonnedthemthereof. TheCouncil could not believe it, until they had fent fome minifters of their own, ,,.,ho affinned theveritythereof. Theywere at a ftand, and could not refolve ,vhat to do; atlaft Nevil Smith came, being one of then1, andpublicklyprotcfted there was butone way to regain their authority, and to berevenged of this affront, and to overthro,v the Lord General Monk, whom they riow perceived intended otherways than he had pretended; his counfelwas� to take away Monk's co1nmiffion, and to give aprefent commiffiontoMajor-General Latnbert to be their General; ~ which counfclofhis, iftheywould take andput it fpeedily in execution, would putan end unto all the prefent mifchiefs. The Council in general did all very well ap-• prove Nevil S1nith'sjudgment; but prefently tlp ftarts Sir Arthur Hazellrigg, • and

•

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. r2s

aI?,d makes a {harpinvective againft Lambert, and concluded, he would rather perifh under the King of Scots power, than that Lambert {hould ever anymo.1·e have com1nand under the Parliament.

The Lord Ge.neral fuddenlyafter brings in the long excluded Members to fit in Parliament, being perfons of great judg1uent, and formerly enforced fto1n fitting therein by the foldiery, and connivance of thofe who ftiled themfelves the godly part of the Parliament. Thefe honourable patriots prefently voted his Majefty's coming into England, and fo he did in May 1660. But bec11ufe Charles the Second, nO\V ( I667.) King of England, Son of Charles the Fidl:, grandchild to James the Firft, King of Great Brittany, was fo miraculoufly refrored, and fo many hundreds of years fince prophefied of by A1nbrofe Merlin, it will not be impertinent to mention the prophe• cies the1nfelves, therather becaufe ,veha,·e feen their verification.

.

A111brofe !vfcrlin's Prophecy \vrote about 990 Years fince.

lle calls King James, The Lion of Righteoufnefs; and faith, when he died, or ,vas dead, there would reign a nobl� \Vhite

MR. Lttr.Y's Hrs'l'6RY

White King; this was Charles the Firft. The prophet difcovers all his troubles, his flying up and down, his imprifonment, his death; and calls him Aquila. What concerns Charles the Second, is the fubjecl: of our difcourfe: In the Latin copy it is thus:

Deinde ab Au:ftro veniet cum Solefuper /igneos equos, & juper Jpun1ante1n inundationem 1naris, Pullus Aquila: navigans ill Britanniam.

Et applicans.ftati1n tune alta1n domum.Aquila:Jitiens, & eit() aliamJitiet.

Deinde Pullus Aquila nidifieabit infamma

rupe totius Britan11id:: nee juveni's oeeidet, nee adfanen1 vivet.

This, in an old copy, is Englifhed thus:

' After then, fhall come through the

• fouth with the fun, on horfe of tree,

• and upon all waves of the fea, the

' Chicken of the Eagle, failing into Bri­

' tain, and arriving anon to the houfe of

' the Eagle, he {hall !hew fellow!hip to

' them beafts.

' After, theChicken of the EaglefuaIJ

' neftle in the higheft rock of all Britain :

• nay, he !hall nought be flain young;

• nay, he nought come old.'

Another Latin copy renders the laft verfe thui: Deinde

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 127

Deinde pullus Aquilce nidijicabit inf.u.71mo ,·upiun1, neejuvenis occidett1r, nee adftniu111 perveniet. There is after this, pacijicato regno, Omnes occidet; ,vhich is intended of thole perfons put to death, that fat as Judges upon his father's death.

The Verification.

His l\tiajefty being in the Low-Countries when the Lord General had reftored the fecluded Members, the Parliament fent part of the Royal Navy to bring him for England, which they did in May 1660. Holland is Eaft from England, fo he came with the fun; but he landed at Dover, a port in the fot1th pa1t of England. Wooden-horfes, are the Englilh !hips, 'I'unc nidificabit infa,nmo rupiz1111.

The Lord General, and n1o!l: of the gentry in England, met hi111 in Keut, and brought him unto London, then to White-hall.

Here, bythehigheJl: Rooch, (fomevvrite R.o<:k,) is intended London, being the metropolis of all England.

Since ,vhich time, unto this very day I write this ftory, he hath reigned in England, and long may he do hereafter. 1 o December 1667. IIad

I�8 l\,1R. Lrttv's HISTORY

Had I leifurc, I 1night verify the \vhole preceding part concerning King Charles. Much of the verification thereof is men� tioned in my CoHeB:ion of Prophecies, printed 1645. But his Majefry being then alive, I forbore much of that fub., jeB:, not willing to give offence. I dedicated that book unto him; and, in the conclufion thereof, I advifed his return unto Parliament, ,vith thefe words, Fae hoe & vives.

There was alfo a Prophecy printed I 588, in Greek charaB:ers, exaB:ly decyphering the long troubles the Englifh nation had from 1641 until 1660; and then it ended thus:

' And after that (hall come a dreadful ' dead man, andwith him a Royal G.' [it is Gam1na in the Greek, intending C, in the Latin, being the third letter in the alphabet,J ' of the beft blood in the ' world, and he fhall have the Crown, and ' fhall fet England on the right \vay, and ' put out all herefies.'

Mon.kery being extinguifhed above eighty or ninety years, and the Lord General's na1ne being l\1onk, is the Deacl Man. The Royal G. or C. is Charles the Second, who, for his extraction, may be faid to be of the beft blood in the world.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 129

Thefe two Prophecies were not given vocally by the angels, but by infpecl:ion of the cryfral in types and figures, or by apparition the circular ,vay, where, at fome djilance, the angels appear, reprefenting hy forms, fhapes, and creatures, what is <le1nanded. It is very l'are, yea, even in our days, for any operator or n1afrer to have the angels fpeak articulately; when they do fpeak, .it is like the Irifh, muchin the throat.

What further concerns his Majefty, v.•ill more fully be evident about r672 or 1674, or, at farthefr, in 1676. And now \tnto my O\.Vn atl:ions in 1660.

In the firfl: pla<;e, my fee-farm rents, being of the yearly value of one hun<li-ed and hventy pounds, ,vcre all loft by his Maje!l:y's coming to his refroration; but I do fay truly, the lofs thereof did never trouble me, or did I repine thereat.

In June of that year, a ne\.V Parlia111ent was cailed, \vhereunto I \'Vas unv.illingly invited by two me!Tengers of the Serjeant at Anns. The matter ,vherettpon I ,vas taken into cuftody ,..,as, to examine me concerning the perfon ,vho cut off the King's head, -v1'z. the late King's.

Sir Daniel f-Iarvey, of Surrey, got the bufinefs moved againft me in great difK pleafure,

I�o j J\1R. LILLY's l-I1sroRY pleafure, becaufe, at the election of ne,v }(nights for Surrey, I procnred the whole to,vn of Walton to ftand, and give their ,·oiccs, for Sir R..ichard Onflow. The <.:om,nittee to examine me, were 1\Ir. Prinn, one Colonel King, and Mr. R.ichard Wefion of Gray's-Inn. God's providence appeared very much for 1ne that day, for ,valking in Wefiminfier-Hall, l'VIr. R.ichard Pennington, fon to 1ny old friend Iv!r. vVillia1n Pennington, 1net me, and en<Juiring the caufe of n1y being there, faid no tnore, lbnt �·alkcd up and down the hall, and related my kindnefs to his father unto very 1nany Parlia1nent men of Che{hire and Lanca!hire, York{hirc, Cumberland, and thofe northern countries, who numeroufly came up into the Speaker's chamber, and bade me be of goocl comfort: at laft he meets Mr. V✓e!l:on, one of the three unto whon1 my matter was referred for examination, \.vho told Mr. Pennington, that he came purpofely to puni{h me, and ,vonld be bitter againft n1e,. but hearing it related, viz. n1y fingnlar kindnefs and prefervation of old Mr. Pennington's t.:ilate, to the value of fix or feven tho1,1fiu1d pounds, ' I will do him all the ' good I can,' fays he. '•I thought he ' had never done any good ; let me fee • hiJTI, and lethitn fraud behind me where

OF 'HIS LtFE AND TtJl.,1£S. 131

' I fit:' l did fo. At my firft appearance, many of the young n1etnbers affronted me highly, and tle1nanded feveral fcurrillous quel1:ions. 1\.-Ir. Wcfton held a paper befo_ve his mouth ; bade me annver nobody but lvfr. Prinn; I obeyed his command, and faved myfelf much trouble thereby; and \,vhcn l\lir. Prinn put any difficult or doubtful query unto me, Mr. Wefton prompted 1ne ,\•ith a fit anfwer. At ]aft, after aln1oft one hour's tugging, I defired to be fully heard ,vhat I could fayasto the perfon ,vhocut Charles the Firft's head off. Liberty be;ng given me to fpeak, I related what follows, viz. That the next Sunday but one after Charles the Firft ,vas beheaded, Robert Spa,·in, Secretary unto Lieutenant-General Cromwell at that ti1ne, invited himfelf to dine with me, and brought Anthony Peirfon, and feveral others, along v,ith him to dinner: That their prin-· cipal difcourfe all dinner-time, ,vas_only, vvho it was that beheaded the King; one faid it was the common hang,nan ; another,. Hugh Peters; others alfo were nominated, but none concluded. Rob<:rt Spavin, fo foon as dinner ,vas done, took n1e by the hand, and carried n1e to the fouth windo\V : faith he, ' Thefe are all ' n1iftaken, they have not na,ned the man ' that did the fact; it v;ras LieutenantK 2 Colonel '

MR. LrLLv's I-I1sT0Rv

' Colonel JOICE; I was in the roorn

• when he fitted himfelf for the "vork, ' ftood behind hin1 when he did it;

• when done, went in again with hi111:

• There is no man knows this but my

• mafter, viz. Cromwell, Comn1iflary

• Ireton, and n1yfelf.' ' Doth not J'v1r.

• Rufh,..,orth kno,v it?' faid I. ' No, he ' doth not kllO\V it,' faith Spavin. The fa111e thing Spavin !ince had often related unto me "vhen we ,vere alone. 1\1r. Prinn did, ,vith much civility, make a report hereof in the Houfc; yet Norfolk the Serjeant, after my difch�rge, kept n1e two days longer in arreft, purpofely to get moneyof me. Hehad fix pounds, and his Me.ffengerforty 01illings; and yet I was attached but upon Sund:ty, exan1ined on Tnefday, and then difcharged, though the covetous Serjeant detained me until Thurfday. By 1ncans of a fij.end, I cried quittance \'✓ith Norfolk, w·hich friendwas to pay him his, falary at that ti�e, and abated Norfolk three pounds, ,vh1ch we fpent every penny at one dinner, without inviting the wretched Serjeant : but in the latter end of the year, when the King's Judges \vere arraigned a.t the OldBailey, Korfolk warned 1ne to attend, believing I could give information concerning Hugh Peters. At the fefiions I attended during its continuance, but was never

OF HIS LIFE AND T!!IIES. 133 never called or examined. There I heard riarrifon, Scott, Cle1,1ent, Ptters, Hacker, Scroop, and othei-s l)f the I<:ing's Judges, and Cook the Sollicitor, ,vho excellently defended hi1nfdf; 1 fay, I did hear,vhat they could £-iy for thc;11felves, and after heard the fentence of conde1nnation pronounced againft then1 by the incotnparablymodeft an<l learned Judge Bridgman, now Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England.

One\.vould think 1ny troubles for that year had been ended;. but in January 166�, one Everard, a Juftice of Peace in Wefhninfter, ere I "vas ftirring, fent a Serjeant and thirty four mufqueteers for me to vVhite-Hall: he had twice that night feized about fixty perfons, fuppofed fanaticks, very defpicable perfons, rhany whereof v:ere aged, fon1e -.vere ,.vater-beare1C-5, and had been Parliamentfoldiers; others, of ordinary callings: all thefe were guarded untov\'hite-Hall, into a large room, until day-light, and then committedto the Gate-Hou!e: I \Vas had into the guard-room, \vhich I thought to be hell; fo1nc therein \vcre De�ping, others fiNearing, others fmoaking tobacco. In. the chin1ney of the room I believe there was t,vo bu{hels of broken tobacco-pipes, aimoft half one load of ilibes. EveranJ, abontnineinthemornK 3 ing, ,

MR. LILLv's H1sTORY

ing, co1nes, writes my n1ittimus for the Gate-Houfe, then fhews it me: I muft be contented. I defired no other courtefy, but that I might bo privately carried unto the Gate-Houfe by two foldiers; that "vas denied. Among the miferable crew of people, ,·✓ith a whole company of foldiers, I 1narched to prifon, and there for three hours \vas in the open nir upon the; ground, where the comn1on houfe of office carne down. After three hours, I was adva:iced fro1n this ftinking place up the ftairs, "''here there \.vas on one fide a company of rude [wearing perfons � on the other ftde n1any �akers, who lovingly entertained me. As foan as I was jixed, I wrote to my old friend Sir Edward Walker, G4rter King at Arms, \vho prei�ntly went to Mr. Secretary Nicholas, and acquainted him with my con� dition. He ordered Sir Edwardto write to Everard to relcafe rne, unlefs he had any particular infonnation againft me, which he had not, !Jc further faid, it was not his Majefty's pleafure that any qf hi� fubjecl:s fhould be thus had to prifon ,vithout good caufe fhewed before, Up� on receipt of Sir Edward's letter, Everard difcharged n1e, I taking the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy. This <l�y's work coil: 1ne thirty feven fhillings. Afierwards Everard ftood to be Burgefs for We!l:min�

OF HIS LIFE AND T1MtS. 135

Wellminfier; fent n1e to procur� hin\ vokes, . I returned anJ�ver, that of all men Iiving; he dcferved no cou1tefy fro1n me, nor fhoul<l have any.

In thisyear 1 66o, I fued o:1t 1ny pardon under the Broad Seal of England, being fo advifed by good counfd,· bccaule there fhould be no obftruction; I palied as William Lilly, Citizen and Salter of London; it coft me thirteen pounds fix fhillings and eight pence.

1'here happened a verification of an aftrological judg1nent of mine in this year 1660, which becaufe it ,vas predicted fixteen years before it came to pafs, and the yea,: exprefly nominated, I thought fit to mention,

In page 111. of 111.y Prophetical Merlin, l!pon three fextile ,-\lpecl:s of Saturn andJupiter, made in 1659 and 1660, I wrote thus-

' This their friendly fal1;1tation corn­

• forts us in England, every man no,v

' poHe.{les his 0'vVJl vineyard; O1.ll' young

' youth grow up unto man's eftate,

' and -our old n1cn live their full years;

' our nobles and gentlemen root again;

' ourycoinanry, manyyears<lifconfolated,

• no,�, take pleafure in their huibandry.

' The n1erchant iends out fhips, andhath ' profperousreturns; the 1nechanick h�th

• quick trading: IIcre is ahnoft a new ' K 4 'world;

J 36 .tvIR. LILL v's H1sTOR v

• world; new laws, new Lords. No\v ' 1ny country of England !hall filed no ' more tears, but rejoice with, and in ' the many bleffings God gives or affords ' her annually.'

And in the fan1e book, page 118, over-againfr the year 1660, you 01all find, A Bonny Scot acts his part. ThelongParlia,nentwonldgiveCharles the Second no other title than King of Scots.-

I alfo \vrote to Sir Edward Walker, Kt.GarteFKing at Arms in 1659, hethen being in Holland-

'J'u, Do,ntiu!fJ; vefler videbitis Ang!ian,, iefra iltr'1 ./tnnos.-For in 1662, his moon came bydirection to the body of the fun. But he came in upon the afcendant directed unto the Trineof Sol and antifcionof Jupiter.-

And happyit was forthe nation he did co1ne in, and long'and profperoufly n1ay he reign amongfl: us.

In 1663 and 1 664, I had a long and tediousla,v-fuitin Chancery, M.C.coming to Qga1tile of Saturn; and the occafion of that fuit, was concerning hou:es; andn1y enemy, though aged, had no beard, was really faturnine. \Ve ca1ne unto a hearing Feb. 166¼, before the Mafter of the Rolls, Sir Harbottle Grimfton;

OF HIS LIFE AND TrMEs. r 37 Grimfron, where I had the \1ictory, but no cofts given me.

My adverfary not fatisfied with that judgment, petitioned that mofr juft and honourable 1nan the Lord Chancellor Hyde, for a re-hearing his caufe before him.

It wasgranted, and the 13 June 1664, my M. C. then directed to �artile of Venus and Sol. His Lordfhip1nofrjudiciou!ly heard it with much attention, and when n1y adverfary's counfel had urged thofe depofitions \\•hich they had againft me, his Lord!hip ftood up, and faid,

' Ht:re is not one word againft Mr. ' L1llv.'-

I rcp!:ed, ' My Lord, I hope I /hall ' have cofts.'

' Very gooµ reafon,' f,1ith he; and fo I had : And, at my departure out of court, put off his hat, and bid God be with you.

Thisis the mon+h of Dec. 1667, wherein, by misfortune, he is n1uch traduced • and highly perfecuted by his enemies : iS' alfo retired, however not in the leaft que!tioned for any indirect judgment as as Chancellor, in the Chancery; (but in other things he hath been very foul, as in the articles drawn tip by the Parliament againfi: him, it appears. \Vhich articles I pre.

I-IrsToRY

I prefu1ne you have not feen, otherwife you V1•ould. have been of another n11nd, A W] for there \Vas never any perfon fat in that place, who executed juftice· with ,nore nprightncfs, or judgment, or. quickncfsfor difpatch, thanthisvery noble Lord. God, I hope, in n1ercy will preferve his pcrfon from his enemies, and in good timE: reftore him unto all his honours again: Fro111 n1y foul I wifh it, and hope I fha\l live to fee it. A111e11: Fiat oh tu Dcusjt!flitice.

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In 1661, and 1664, I ,vasmade church,vardenot' \1/alton upon Tha�ncs, fettling a� \veil as I could the affairs of that diftracted parilh, upon my own charges; .ind upon n1y leaving the place, forgave the1n ieven pounds odd1noneydue unto me.

In 1664, I had another Iaw-fuit with Captain Colborn, Lord of the manor of Efher, concerning the rights of the pari!h of Walton. H� had newly pur4,:hafed that 111ano.r, and having one hun� dred and fifty acres of ground,, former�y park and wood ground lying in our parifi1, conceived, he had right of common in our parifh of Walton: There� upon he puts three hundred fheep npo1\ the con1mon; part ,vhereof I impounded: He replevi11s the1n� gave me a declara-, tion. I aniwered it. The trial 'vvas to oe

OF HIS LtFE A]:,I) TIMES. i39 at· the .Affizes at Kingfton in April 1664. Whenthe dayoftrialca1ne, hehadnotone witnefsin his caufe, Ihad many; ,'l'hereuponupon conference, and by mediation, he gave me eleven pounds for n1y charges fuftained in that fuit, whereof 1 returned hi1n back again fifty fhillings: forty lhiilings for himfelf, and ten {billings for the poor of the pari{h he lived in.

This I did at my own coft andcharges, not one pari!hioner joining with 1ne. I had now M. C. unto �artile of Vcnus and Sol-both in my fecond, Ergo, I got money by this thing, or fuit. Sir I3ol-. ftrode Whitlock gave me counfel.

NowI comeuntotheyear 1665, wherein that horrible and devouring plague fo extreamly raged in the city of London. 27th of June 1665, I retired into the country to my wife and family, where fince I have wholly continued, and fointend bypenniffion of Gq�. I had, before I came away, very m4ny: people of the poorer fort frequented ·my lodging, rnany whereof were fo civil� as when they brought "vaters, viz. .urines, from infected people, they . Wot1ld frand purpofely at a diftaqce. I ordered thofe infetl:ed, and not like to die, cordials, and caufed them to fweat, whereby many recovered. My lanqlord of the ho\lfe wa$ afraid of thofe poor people, I nothing at 1 all.

140

MR. L1 LL v's I-ItsToRv

all. He was defirous I fhould be gone. He had four children : I took then1 \Vith me into the country and provided for them. Six weeks after I departed, he, his wife, and man-fcrvant died of the plague.

In i\-1onarchy or no Monarchy, printed 1651, I had fran1ed an Flieroglyphick, ,vhich you n1ay fee in page the 7th, reprcfcnting a great ficknefs and mortality; wherein you 1nay fee the reprefentation of people in the11r ,vinding-fheets, perfons digging graves and fepultures, coffins, &c. .All this was perfonJ\ed by the n,or<.. fecret Key of Afuology, or Prophetical Afl:rology.

• In 1666, happened that 111iraculous conflagration in the city of London, whereby in four days, the moft part thereof was confun1ed hy fire. In my Monarchyor no Monarchy, the ne,<t fide aft{!r the coffins, and pickaxes, there is reprefentation of a great city all in flames or fire. The me1norial \Vhereof fon1e Parlia1T1ent men remembering, thought fit to fend for me before that Com1nittee which then did fit, for exa1nination of the eaufes of the fire; and vvhether there was no tre:1.chery or defign in the bufinefs, his Majcfi:y being then in ,var both with the French and Dutch. 1'he fu1nmons

OF 111s LIFE AND Trr.1Es. 14r to appear before that Committee was as follov,eth.

l\fonday, 22d October, 1666.

At the Committee appointed to enquii-e after the Caufes of the late Fires.

ORD.ERED,

That 1\.'Jr. Lilly do attencJ this Cotn1nittee on Friday next being the 2�th of October 1666, at two of the clock 111 the afternoon in the Speaker's chamber; to anf"ver fuch queftionsas{hall bethenand there afked hi1n.

By accident I was then in London, when the fi.1mmonscameuntome. I\',ai titnorous of Committees, being ever by fon1e of the1n calumniated, upbraided, [corned, and derided. However I muft and did appear; and let me never forget that great affection and care yourfelf (Oh moft excellent and learned Efquire Afhn1ole){hewedunto1neatthat time. Fir!t, your affecl:ion in going along \vith me all that day; fecondly, your great pains and care, in [peaking unto 1nanyworthy lVlernbers of that Cornmittee Y?ur acquaintance,

ROBERT BRGOK.E,

142, Mk. ttLtv's l-Iis'tonv quaintance, that they fhould befriend m�• and not pern1it 1ne to b� affronted, or have any difgraceful language caft upon me. I muft ferionfly acknowledge the perfuafions fo prevailed with thofe generous fouls, that I conceive there was never more civility ufed unto any than unto myfelf; and you know,, there were no fmall nuntber of Parliament men appeared, when they heard I was to be there.

Sir Robert Brooke fpoke to this purpofe:

' l\1r. Lilly, This Committee thought 'fit to fummon youto appear before them

' this day, to know, if you <:an fay any ' thing as to the caufe of the late fire, or ' ,vhethcr there might be any defign ' therein. You are called the rather hi' ther, becaufe in a book of yours Jong ' finceprinted, youhinted fomefuch thing 'by one of your Hieroglyphicks.' Unto which I replied,

May it pleafe your Hortours, ' After the beheading of the late l{ing, ' confidering that in the three fnbfequent

' years the Parlia1nent aaed nothing,vhich ' concerned the fettletrient of the nation

• in peace; and feeing the generality of ' people diilatisfied, the citizens of Lon' don difcontented, the foldiery prone to 'mutiny.,

•

OF 1IiIS LIFE AN'D T111tES. 143

' mutiny, I was defirous, according to • thC'beft kn04vle<lge God had given me, ' tO' make enquiry by the art � ftudie<l, ' \vhat n1ight frornthattime happen unto ' the Parliament and nation in general. ' At laft, havingfatisfied myfdfas well as ' I could, and perfected my judgn1ent ' therein, I thought it moil: conYenient ' tofignify 1ny intentionsand conceptions

• thereof, in Forms, Shapes, Types, ' Hieroglyphicks, &c. without any corn-

• 1n�ntary, that fo n1y judgment rnight ' be concealed from the vulgar, andmade ' manifeft only unto the wife. I herein ' imitating the exa1nples of many wife ' philofophers who had done the like.'

. ' Sir Robert,' faith one, • Lilly is yet 'Ju!J 'Vefli!JZdo.'

I proceeded further. Said I, ' I-laving • found, Sir, that the city of London ' ihould be fadly affiicted with a great • plague, and not long after ,vith an ' exorbitant fire, I frarned thefe two ' hieroglyphicks as teprefonted in the ' book, ,vhich in effect have proved very •·true.'

' Did you forefee the year,' faid one?

' I did not,' fa.id I, ' or ,vas defirous: • of that I made no frrutiny.' I procec<led--

' Now, Sir, ,vhether therewas any de' !ign of burning the city, or any eQ:1, ployed

MR. LrLL1''s H1sTORY

•ployed to that purpofe, I muft deal in­

' genuoufly with you, that fince the fire,

•I have aken much pains in the fearch

• thereof, but cannot or could not give

• myfclf any the leaft (atisfac'l:ion there..

• in. I conclude, that it was the only

• finger of God; but what inftruments

• he ufedthereunto, J am ignorant.'

TheCommitteefeemedwellpleafedwith what I fpoke, and difn1iffedmewithgreat civility.

Since\vhichtime no me1norable aB:ion bath happened unto me, my retirement impeding all concourfeunto me.

I have many things mo1·e to communicate, which I1hall do, as they offer themfelves to memory.

In Anno 1634, and 1635, I had much familiarity with Jo11n Hegenius, Doctor of Phyfick, a Dutchman, an excellent fcholar and an ablephyfician, not.meanly verfed in aftrology. Unto him, for his great civility, I communicated the art of fra1ning Sigils, Lamens, &c. and the ufe of the Mofaical Rods:-and we did createfeveral Sigils to very good purpofe. I gave him the true key thereof, viz. inftrucred him of their fon1;s, characters, words, and laftof all, hoiv to give them vivification, and ,vhat nun1ber or nun1bers were appropriated toeverypla-

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 145 net : Cum muftis a/iii in /ibrti veteru11z /Jtentibur; autpe,:fpicue non int.e//ellri.

I was well acquainted with theSpeculator of John a Windor, a fcrivener, fometimes living in Newbury. This \,Vindor was club-fifred, wrote with a pen betwixt both his hands. I havefeen many bonds and bills wroteby him. He was much given to debauchery, fo that at fome times the Dremons would not ·appear to the Speculator; he would then fuffun1igate: fometiQ1es, tovexthefpirits, he would curfe them, fumigate with contraries. Upon·his examination before Sir I-Ienry \-Vallop, Kt. which I have feen, hefaid, he once vifited Dr. Dee in MortJack; and out of a bookthat layin the window, he copied out that callwhich he ufed, whenheinvocated--

It \Vas that-which near the beginning of it hath thcfe words,

Ptrvirtultm illorum quii11·voct1ntmmun tuum, Hermcli-mittt mbi1 t,·cs//11gelo1, &c.

·vvindor had many good parts, butwas a n1oft lewd perfon: i\!Jy 1nafier Wright knew him well, and having dealing in thofe parts, n1ade ufe of him as a fcrivener.

Oliver vVithers, fervant to Sir H.Wallop, brought up a Windor's examination

L unto

unto London, purpo[ely for me to pe­ rufe. This \Vithcrs was Mr. Filke's · fcholar three years more or lefs, to learn afl:rology of hi1n; but "(:>eing never the ,vifer, Fifke brought hi1n unto me: by fhewii;ig him but how to judge one figure, his eyes were opened: IIe made the Epiftle before Dr. Ncve's book, now in Mr. Sander's hands, was very learned in the Latin, Greekand Hebrewtongues. Having mentioned Dr. John Dee, I hold it not i1npertine1"\t to !peak fon1ething of him; bllt more efpecially of Edward Kelly's Speculator.

Dr. Dee himfelf \vas a Can1bro Briton, educated in the univerfity of Oxford, there took his degree of Docl-or; afterwards for many years in fea1-ch of the profounder ft.udies, travelled into foreign parts: to be ferious, he was �een Elizabeth's intelligenc�r, and had a falary for his maintenance fro1n the Secretaries of State. He ,vas a ready \Vitted man, quick of apprehenfion, very learned, and of great judgment in the Latin and Greek tongues. I-Ie was a very great inveftigator of the more fecrct Hermetical learning, a perfect aftrono1ner, a curious aftrologer, aferionsgco1netrician; tofpeak truth, he was excellent in all kinds of learning. \Vith

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES, 147

\Vith all this, he was the moft ambitious pe1-fon living, and moft defirous of fame and renown, and was never fo well pleafed as when he heard himfelf ftiled, Moft Exellent.

He was ftudious in chymiftry, and attained to good perfection therein; but his fervant, ot' rather companion, K_elly, out-went him, viz. about the Elixir or Philofopher's Storte; which neither Kelly or Dee attained by their own labour and induftry. It was in this manner Kelly obtained it, as I had it related from an ancient minifter, who knew tile certainty thereof from an old Engli!h merchant, refident in Germany, at what time both Kelly and Dee were there,

Dee and Kelly being in the confines of the E1nperor's dominions, in a citywhere�·eftdc<l many Engli!h merchants, ·with \vhon1 they had much familiarity, there happened an old Friar to come to Dr. Dee's lodging. Knocking at the door, Dee peeped down the ftairs. ' Kelly; fays he, ' tell the old man I am not at ' home.' Kelly did fo. TheFriarfaid, 'I •will take another time to wait on him.' Some few days ·after, he ca1ne again. Dee ordered Kellyt if it were the fame perfon, to deny him again. He did fo; at\vhich the Friar was veryangry. 'Tell L 2

thy

lv!R. L1tLY's HtsToRY

' thymafter I came to fpeak with hin1 and ·' to do hi1n good, becaufe he is a great

• fcholar and famous; but no\v tell him, ' he put forth a book, and dedicated it to ' the Emperor: it is called Monas Hiero' gliphicas. He underftands it not. I ' wrote it myfelf, I ca1ne to inftruct him

• therein, and in fon1e other more pro-

• found things. Do thou, Kelly, con1e

• along with me, I will make thee more ' famous than thy mafter Dee.'

Keily "vas very apprehenfive of what the Friar delivered, and thereupon fuddenly retired from Dee, and wholly ar plied unto the Friar; and of him either had the Elixir ready made, or the perfect method of its preparation and making. The poor Friar lived a very fhort time after � whether he died a natural death, or was otherwife poifoned or made away by Kelly, the n1erchant who 1·elated this, did not certainly know.

Ho.v Kelly died afterwards at Prague, you well kno,v : he was born at Vvorcefter, had been an apothecary. Not above thirty years fince he had a fifter lived

)n Worcefl:er, who had fome gold made by her brother's projection.

Dr. Dee died at Mortlack in Surrey, very poor, enforced many tin1es to fell fome book or otht:r to buy his dinner ,vith, asDr. Napier of Linford in Buckinghan1fhire

OF HJS LIFE AND T1.MF.S. �49 ingha,nfhire oft related, who knew h,im very well. :

I have read over his book of Conference vvith Spirits, and thereby perceive many weakncffes in the n1anage of that \Vay of 1\tiofoical le:u11ing: but I conceive, the reafon ,vhy he had not more plain refolutions, and more to the purpofe, \vas, becaufe Kelly,vas very vicious, unto whon1 the angels \vere not obedient, or willingly did declare the quef. tions propounded; but I could give other reafons, but thofe are not for paper.

I was very familiar with one Sarah Skelhorn, who had been Specuiatrix unto one Arthur Gauntlet about Gray's-Inn,. Lane, a verylewd fello\v, profeffing phyfick. This Sarah l1ad a perfect fight, and indeed the beft eyes for that purpofe I ever-yet did fee. G:iuntlet's books, after he was dead, were fold, after I had perufed them, to my fcholar Ifumphreys: there were ral'e notions in the1n. This Sarah lived a long time, even until her death, with one 1\tirs. Stockman in the Ille of Purbeck, and died about fixteen years fince. Her n,ifrrefs one time being defirous to accompany her mother, the Lady Beconsfidd, unto London, who lived twelve miles fro1n her habitation, caufed Sarah to infpect her ci•yftal, to fee if ihe. '11iz. her mother, .vas _gone,

ye_a or not : the angels appeared, and !hewed her mother opening a trunk, and taking out a red waiftcoat, whereby {he perceived fhewasnotgone. Next day {he went to her mother's, and there, as {he entered the chamber, {he was opening a trunk, and had a red ,vaiO:coat in her hand. Sarah told me oft, the angels would for fome years follow her, and appear in every room of the houfe, until fue was ,veary of them. This Sarah Skelhorn, her call unto the cryfral began, ' Oh yegoodangels,onlyand only,' &c. Ellen Evans, daughter of my tutor Evans, her call unto the cryftalwas this:

0 Mico!, 0 tu Mico!, regina pigmeoru111 'tlmi, &t.

• Since I have related of the �cen of Fairies, I 01all acquaint you, that it isnot for every one, or every perfon that thefe angelicalcreatureswillappearunto,though they may fay over the call, over and over, or indeed is it given to very many perfons to endure their glorious afpect:s; even very many have failed juft at that prefent when they are ready to manifeft themfelves ; even perfons otherwife of undaunted fpirits and firm refolution, are herewith aftonilhed, and tremble; as it happened not many years fince ,;vith us. A very fober difcreet perfon, of virtuous life

OF 111.s LIPE AND T1MEs. r5r lite and converfation, was beyond meafure dcfirous to fee fon1ething in this nature. He went with a friend into my Jiurft

\Vood : the �een of Fairies ,vas invocated, a gentit:murn1uringwindca!nefirft; after that, amongft the hedge�, a finart whirlwind; byandbyafl:rong blairofwind blew upon, the face of the fri1:;ncl,-and the �een appc:iring in a 1noft illufrrioQs g�ory, ' No 1nore, I befeech you,' (quoth the fi·iend :) ' l\lIy heart fails; l a1n not • able to endurelonger.' Nor was he: his black curling hair ro!e up, and I believe a bullrufu would have beat hi1n to the ground: he was fonndly laughed at, &c. Sir Robert liolborn, Knight, brought once unto1ne (a) (]ladwellof Suffolk, who had formerly had fight and conference with Uriel and Raphael, but loll: them both by carele!Ihefs; fo that neither of them both \vould but rarely appear, and· then prefcntly be gone; refolving nothing. He would have given n1e tV1•0 hundred pounds to have affi(ted hirri. for their recov�ry, but I am no fuch man,-Thofe glorious creatures, if ,vell coininanded, and well obierved, do teach the inalter_

(n) :\.tr. Gilbert '1Vakering gave him his berril when he died ; it WJ, of the larg�nefs tf a good big orange, fct in :filvcr, with a crofs on the top, and another on th� hand!�; and round aboqt engraved the names of thefl!= �ngc!s, Raphael, Gabriel, t)riel, � 4 any

Mtt. Ltttv's HISTOtlY

any thing he defires; Amantflcreta, ,fugiunt aperta. TheFairieslove the foqthern fide of 11ills, mountains, groves.-Neatnefs and cleanlinefs in apparel, a ftr�tt diet, anupright life, ferventprayers unto God, conduce much to the afiiftance of thofe who are curious thefe ways. It hath been my happinefs to meet with many rarities in my time unexpettedly. I had a fifl:er lived in the Minories, in that very houfe where formerly had lived one Evans, not my tutor, but another far exceeding him it\ afl:rology, and all other occult learning. queilioned for his life about 1612. I am fure it was ·when the prefent Earl of Manchefter's father was Lord Chief Juftice of England. He was found guilty by a peevifu Jury: but petitioning King James by a Greek petition, as indeed he was an excellent Grecian; ' By my faul,' faid King James, 'this man lhall not • die; I think he is a better Greci:,1n ' than any of my Bifuops:' fo his life was fpared, &c. My fifl:er'S' mafter when new modelling the houfe, broke up a ,vindow, under which were Ev,\ns's fecret manufcripts, and two moulds in brafs; one of a man, the other of a woman. I bought the moulds and (a) book for

(o) From thefe manufcripts he gained his firfi knowledge.

Of HIS LIF:t AND Tll,1£S. 153 five fuillings; the fecrets were wrote. in an i1nperfelt Greek charafter; but after l found the vov;els, all the refl: ·were prefently clear enough.

You fee, moft worthy Sir, 1 ,vrite freely; it is out of the fincerity of _my affection, many things ,vrote by me having been more fit for a fepulture than a book: But, �a major e/J v,roru,n prcejiantiu111, tui Ji111ilium inopia; eo 111ihi cbart'or ef!, & (/fe debet f?amicitia tutt: �am quzifem o,nnibus q//icii.r, &JJudiis, qute a Jumma benevolentia pqffent, perpetuo co/am: However,- who ftudy the curiofities before-named, if they are not very well verfed in aftr�logyr they fuall r3:rely attain t�eir deftred ends._ There �as, 1n the late tJ.mes of troubles. Qne Mortl:.ck, who pretended unto SpeCltlations, had a cryftal, a call of �ecn Mab, one of the �een of. Fairies; he deluded many thereby : at laft 1 was brought into his .co1npany; he ,,,as defired tQ make invocation, he did fo; no,. thing appeared, or ,vould : three or four times in my con1pany he was put upon to do the work, but could not; at laft he [aid he could do nothing as long as I ·was in prefence. I at laft ihewed him his error, but left him as I found him, a pretended ignoramus.

I may

LILLY's HIST.ORY

Imayfeemtofotnetowriteincredibilia; be it fo, but kno,ving untowhom, and for whofe only fake, I do\'Vrite the1n, I am much comforted therewith, ,vell knowingyouare the moft knowingn1an inthefe curiofities of anynowliving in England; and therefore it is my hqpe, thefc·willbeaprefentwell-becon1ingyou toaccept.

Prteclara omnia 9ua1n di/Jiciliajint, bis prt1':ferti111temp()rib1.,s. (Ce/eben·rineArtniger,) non teJugit; andthereforeIwillacquaint you with one 1nemorable ftory related untomebyMr.JohnMarr, anexcellent mathematician and geometrician, who1n Iconceiveyouremember: . he�'asfervant toKingJamesandCharlestheFirft.

At firft, ,vhen the Lord Napier, or MarchiftonmadepublickhisLogarithms, Mr.Briggs, then reader of the aftrono� mylecture at Orefham-College inLondon, was fofurprizedwithadmirationof tlien1, that he could have no quietnefs inhimfelf, until he had feen that noble perfon the LordMarchifton, whofeonly invention theywere: he acquaintsJohn Marrherewith, who went into Scotland before Mr.Briggs, purpofelyto bethere when thefe twofolearnedperfonsfhould meet. Mr.Briggsappointsacertainday whento meet atEdinburgh: butfailing thereof, theLordNapier W<\S doubtfulhe

OF 111s LIFE AND Tr:.1r:s. J SS would not come. It happened one day as John Marr and the Lord Napier were fpeaking of Mr. Briggs; ' Ah, John,' faith Marchifton, ' IVIr. Briggs will not ' nowcome:' attheveryinftantoneknock� at the gate; John Marrhafted down, and it pr;.oved Mr. Briggs, to his great contentment. He brings Mr. Briggs up into my Lord's chamber, where almoft one quarter of an hour was fpent, each beholding other almofr with admiration, before one word was fpoke: at laft Mr. Briggs began.

• My Lord, I have undertaken this ' long journeypurpofely to fee yo�r per• fon, and to know by what engine of ' wit or ingenuity you ca1ne firft to think , of this moft excellent help unto aftro,. ' nomy, viz. the Logarithms; but, my • Lord, being by you found out, I won' der no body elfe found it out before, ' when nov.' knovm, it is fo eafy.' He was nobly entertained by the Lord Napier, and every fun1mer after that, during the Lord'sbeingalive, thisvenerable 1nan, Mr. Briggs, went purpofely into Scotland to vifit him. 'I'empr;ra 1zunc mutantur. Thefe t\YO perfons were worthy men in their time; and yet the one, viz. Lord Marchifton, was a great lover of afrro-logy, but Briggs the moil: fatirical man igainft it that hath been known: butthe reafun

LILL v's I-ItsToR y

reafon hereof I conceive was� that Briggs was a fevere Pre.lbyterian, and \vholly converfant \Vith perfons of that judgment; whereas the Lord Marchifron was a general fcholar, and deeply read in all divine and hun1an hifrories : it is the fa1ne Marchiftonwho niadethat moft ferious and ]earned expofition upon the Revel<ltion of St. John; which is the beft that ever yet appeared in the world.

Thus far proceeded Mr. William Lilly in fetting down the account of his life, with fome other things of note. Now lhall be added fomething more which afterwards happened during his retirement at his houfe at Herlham, until his death.

I-le left London in the year r665, (as he hath before noted) and betook himfelf to the ftudy of phyfick; in which, ha\·ing arrived at a COh1petent degree of kno,vledge, affifred bydiligentobfervation and practice, he defired· his old friend Mr. Afhmole, to obtain of his Grace Dr. Sheldon, then Lord Achbifhop of Canterbury, a licenfefor the praw.ce of phyfick; whichupon applicationtohis Grace, and producing a teftimonial (October 8. 1670,] under the hands of two phyficians of the college in London, on Mr. Lilly's behalf, he mofr readily granted, in the manner following, viz. • G I L.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 157

•G ILBERTUS Providentia Divina

• Cantuarienfis Archiepifcopus totius An­

' gliie Primas & Metropolitanus, Dilecl:o

'nobis in Chri!l:o GuLIELMo LtLLY

' in Medicinis Profeffori, Salutem, gra­

' tiam, & benedicrionem. Cum ex tide

' digna relatione acceperin1us Te in arre 'five facultate Mec!icinre per non n1odi­

' cum ten1pus verfatum fui!fe, multif­

• que de falute & fanitate corporis ver� de'fperatis (Deo On1nipotente adjuvante)

• fubveniffe, eofq; fanaffe, nee non in 'arte predicl:a multorum peritorum lau­

• dabili teilimonio pro experientia, fideli' tate, diligentia & indufrria tuis circa

' curas quas fufcepe1·is peragendas in hu-

• jufn1odi Arte Medicin� n1erito commen-

• datum effe, ad practicandum igitur & "exerceqdum dictam.Artem Medicina: in,.

'& per totam Provincia1n noftram Cant'

' (C1vitate Lond' & circuitu feptem mil'liarum eidem prox' adjacen' tantummodo

'exceptis) ex caufis pnedictis & aliis nos 'in hac per te juft� moventibus, prreilito 'primitus per Te Juramento de agnof­

' cendo Regiam fupremam poteftatem iR

' caufis ecclefia!licis & temporalibus ac

• de renunciando, refutando, & recufaodo

' omni, & on1nimodre Jurifdicl:ioni, Pete­

'!l:ati, Authoritati & Superioritati fora­

• neis juxta vim fo1mam & effecl:um Sta­

' tui Parliamenti hujus Inclyti Regni

•Anglireineaparteediti&provifi quan-

•tum nobis per Statuta hujus Regni

•Anglire liceat & non aliter neque alio

•modo Tc admittimus & approbamus, •Tibiq; Licent_iam & Facultatemnoftras

•inhacparte, Tenoreprrefentiumquam-·

'diu Te bene &laudabiliter gelferis be..

•nigne concedimus & elargimur. In

•cujus rci Teftimonium Sigillum (quo

•in hac pa.rte utimur) pnefentibus ap-

•poni fecimus. Dat. Undeci1no Die 'Menfis Octobris, Anno Domini 1670. ' NoftrrequeTranflationisAnnoOfuvo.'" Sigillum ,--,.........., Radulph. SttoweJ ET Regiftrarii. Edm. Sherman

S. Rich.Lloyd, Sur. • u •

Vicarnin Spiritual.ibus Generalis perProvinciamCantuarienfem.

Hereupon he began to :era.cl:ifemote openly, andwithgoodfuccefs; andevery Saturday rode to Kingfton, where the poorer fort flockt to him from feveral parts, and received much benefit by his advice and prefcriptions, which he gave then1 freely, andwithoutmoney. From thofe that were more able, he now and then

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 159_ then received a fhilling, and fometimes an half crOVl'n, if they offered it to him, otherwife he demanded nothing; and, in truth, his charity to,vards poor people was very great, no lefs than the care and pains he took in con!idering and weighing their particular cafes, and applying proper re1nedies totheir infirmities, Vl'l:iich gained him extraordinary credit and eftimation. He was of a ftrong conftitntion, and continued generally in good health, till the 16th of Auguft 1674, when a violent humour difcovered 1tfelf in red fpots all over his body, with little pufl1es in his head. This, in the ·winter [ 1 8 DecemberJ following, was feconded by a diftemper whereof he fell fick, and was let blood in the left foot, a little above the ancle.

The 20th of December following, a humour defcended from his head to his left fide, from eight o'<;lock at night till the next morning; and then fraying a while in the calf of his leg, at length defcended towards his toes, the angui{h whereof put him into a fever. This humour fixed in two places on the top of his left foot (one in that where he was let blood two days before) which (upon application of pledgets) growing ripe, they ,vere [28 Dec.] lanced by Mr. Agar of Kingfton, his apothecary (and no lefs a fkilful

MR. L1LLv's H1�TOR

v lkilful Surgeon :) after which he 1>egan to be at eafe, his fever abated, and within five months the cure was perfected.

The 7th of November 1675, he was taken with a violent fit of vomiting for fome hours, to which a fever fucceeded, that continuedfourmonths: Thisbroughf his body exceeding low, together with a din1nefs in his eyes, which afteroccafioned him to make ufe of M1·. Henry Coley, as his amanuenfis, to tranfcribe (fro1n his dicl:ates) his aftrological judgments for the year 1677; but the monthly obfervations for that year, were written with his own hand fome time before, though by this time he ,vas grown very dimfighted. His judgments and obfervations for the fucceeding years, till his death, (fo alfo for the year 1682,) were all compofed by his directions, Mr. Coley co1n1ng to Herlham the beginning of every {ummer, and frayed there, till, by conference with him, he had difpatched thent for the preis; to whom, at thefe opportnnitics, he co1nmunicated his way of judgment, and other aftrological arcana's.

In the beginning of the year 168 1, he had a flux, which ,veakened him much, yet after fon1e ti1ne hisftrength encreafed; but no,v his fight ,vas \vholly taken from hint.

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 161

him, not having any glimmering as formerly.

He had dwelt many years at Hedha1n, where his charity and kindnefs to his poor neighbours was always great and hearty; and the 30th of May r68r, towards the evening, a dead palfy began to feize his left fide. The fecond of June, towards evening, he took his bed, and then his tongue began to falter. The next day he becan1e very dull and heavy : fometimes his fenfes began to fail him. Henceforward he took little or nothing, for his larinx fwelled, and that impeded his [wallowing.

The fourth of June, Mr. Afh1nole went to vifit him, and found he knew him, but fpake little, and fome of that fcarce intelligible; for the palfy began now to feize upon his tongue.

The eighth of June he lay in a great agony, infon1uch that the fweat followed drop after drop, ,vhich he bore ,.vith wonderful courage and patience (as indeed he did allhis ficknefs) without complaint; and about three o'clock the next n1orning, he died, l.Vithout any {hew of trouble or pangs. Immediatelybefore his breath went from him, he fneezed three ti1nes.

Ile had often, in his life-time, defired l\1r. Afhmole to take care of his funeral, and now his 1,vidow defired the M fame:

MR. LrLLv's I-itsToRY

fame: \vhereupon Mr. A{hmole obtained leave from Sir Mathe,"' Andre,vs (who had the parfonage of Walton) to bury him in the chancel of thi3t church.

The I oth af June, his coarfe was brought thither, and received by the minifter (in his furplice) at the Litch-Gates, who, paffing before the body into the church, read the firft part of the Office for the Burial of theDead. In the reading de{k he faid all the evening fervice, and after performed the reft of the office (as eftablifhed by law) in the chancel, at the interment, \vhich was about eight o'clock in the evening, on the left fide af the communion table, Mr. Afhmole affifting at the laying him in his grave; "vhereupon after,vards [9 July 1681.J he placed a fair black marble ftone, (,vhich coft him fix pounds four fhillings and fix pence) ·with this infcription following.

oF HIS L1Fti AND Ttrvrts. 163

Shortly after his deatl1, Mr. Aihn1ole bought his library of books of Mrs. Ruth Lilly, (his widow and executrix) for fifty pounds: heofttimes, inhis life-time, exprefI'e<l, that if Mr. Aih1nole would give that fum, he fhould have them.

The following Epitaphs (Latin and Englifh) were made by George Smalridge, then a fcholar at \1/eftminfter, after Student of Chrift-Church in Oxford.

In Mortem Viri Doctiffimi Domini GuLIELMI L1LtY, Aftrologi, nuper defuncl:i.

0Ccidit atquo fuis annalibus addidit atram

Afirologus, qua nontrifiiorulla, diem Pone triumphale�, Jugubris Luna, quadrigasi Sol m::eflum piceil nube recondecaput.

Ilium, qui Phcebi fcriplit, Phcebefq; labores Edipfin docuit Stella mali�na pati.

Invidia Aftrorum cccidit, qu1 Sider.i n:xit Tanta crat in notas fcandere cura domos.

Ql1od vidit, vifum cupiit, potiturq; cupito Ccelo, & Sidereo fulget in orbe decus.

Scilicct hoe nobis prredixit ab ane Comcta, Et fati emicuit nuncia Stella tui

Fallentem vidi faciem gemuiq; videndo Illa foit vati mortis imago fuo, Civilis timuerealii primordia belli

Jcjunam metuit plebs fl:upcfata famem

Non tarttos tulcrat bellumve famcfve dolorcs: Aufpiciis efTent hrec relevanda tuis.

In cautam fubitus plcbem nunc opprimat cnfis, Securos fati mors violcnta trahat.

Nemo dt qui videat moneatq; avertere fatum, Arsjacctin Domini funcra merfa fui

M :1

MR. LILLY's HrsTon.y

Solus natu!'a! refervare arcana folebat, Soh,s & ambigui folvercjura poti.

Luflrafti crantes bcnc Jina memc Planetas

Confpechun latuit fidlata nulla tuum

Defelfos oculos pensarunt lumina mentis Firefias oculis, mentibus Argus eras.

Cemere, Fircfi,, potcras ventura, fod, Arge, In fatmn haud poteras fat vigil effe tuum

Sed vivit nomen femper cum fole vigebit, Immcmor Afirologi non erit ulla dies

Sa:cla canent laudes, quas fi pcrcurrere ccnes, Arte opus ell, Stellas qu� nu111crare foles

Hrereat hoe canncn cinnum cuftodibu� umis, Hofp�s quod fpargcns marmora rorc leg.u.

" Hie fitus ell, d1gm1s nunquam cecidillc Propheta; " Fatorum int�rpres 1ata mopina fubit.

" Verfari ot'thereo dum vixit in orbe fokbat:

" Nunc hmnilem jac1at Terra fupcrha "in:m.

" Scd Crelum mctitur adlmc rcfi,pinus in urna " Vertitur in folitos palpebra claufa polos.

" Huie bufl:o invigifant folenni lampadc ;\,lufre, " Perpetuo nubes imbrc fopnkhra rigant.

" Ille oculis movit diflanria Sirlera ndlris, " lllam amota oculis rr:ixit ad aftra Deus."

An Er.ECY upon the Death of \VrLL1.'\:-.1 LILLY the Afirologer.

0U R Prophet's gone; no lon.;cr may our ears

Be chann'dwithmulickofth' harmonious lj,hcrcs.

Let fun and moon withdraw, leave gloomy night

1'o /hew their NuNc1o·s tare, who g:avc more light

·ro th' erring world, than all the ft:cble rays

Of fun or moon; taught us to kno·N thofc days

Bright ·rrrAN makes; follow'd rhc hairy fun

Through all his circuit,; knew th' unconfiant moon, And more unconfrant ebbings of the flood ; And what is mofr uncertain, th' facHous brood, Flowing

•

OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES. 165

Flowing in civil broils : by th• heavens could date The flu� and reflux of our dJLio�, ilare. He fow the cdipfe of fun, and change of moon

He faw, but foeing would not lhun his own: Eclips"d he was, that he miglu 01ine more bright, And onlychang'd 10 give a tulkr light. He having view'd the lky, and glorious train Of gilded 11:ars, fcorn·d longer to remain

Jn C'1rthly prifons ; could he a village love, \Vhom the twelve houfes waited for Jbove?

Thegrateful fiars a heave11ly 11ia1lfion gave 1--• his heavenly foul, n01· could he Jive a {lave To n,ortal paffion�, whole immortal mind, WhiUl here on earth, \\'as n::t to earth confin'd. He mullbe gone, the ILrs had fo dt:erecd ; As he of them, fo they of him, had need. This me!fage 'twas the bi•zing com�t brough: ; I faw the pale-fac'd 11:ar, :and feeing thought (For we could guefs, but only l,J LLY kn�w) It did fome glorious hero's fall forelhew: A hero's fall'n, whofc dcarh, mor-' than a war, Or lire, cleforv'd a cumet: rh' obfe4uio:,s fiar, Could do llO lefs than his fad fate unfold, Who haJ their rifings, and their fettings told, Some rhcught a pl3gue, and fome a famine m:ar; Some wars from Fr:mcc, fome rires at home did fe-ar: Nor did theyfe-ar too much : fcarce kinder fare, Bur plague of plagues befell th' unhappy flate

\Vhcn LILLY d,ed. Now fwor<ls may fafely come From France or Rome, fanaticks plot at home. Now an Lnfcen, and unexpccrcd hand, By gu,dance of ill fiars, m:iyhurt vur l3nd; Unlafe, bccaufo fccure, there's none to lhow How England may avert the fat:! blow.

He's dead, whofo de th thewe�pingcloudsdeplore I w,lh we did not owe to hun that lhow·r

\Vhich long expected was, and might have fiill

Expeeled bet:n, had nor our nation's ill Drawn from the heavens -a fympathetick rear: England hath caufe a fcconcl <lraug.ht to foar. \Ve have no fecond LILLY, who maydie, All(! by his death may ma�e the heavens cry. M 3 Then

166

i\1R. LtLLv·s HISTORY

Then let your annals, COLEY, want this day, Thinkevery year leap-year; orif 't mu!\ ftay1 Cloath it in black; let a fad note fland by, And ftigmatiz� it to pofterity,

�ere follows the Copy of an In. didrnent filed againft Mr. Lilly, for which fee Page 104ofhis Life,

THE jurors for the Lord Protectorof the commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, &c. upon their oaths do prefent, that William Lilly, late of the Parifh of St. Clements Danes, in the County of Middlefex, Gent. not having the fear of God before his eyes, but being movedand feduced by the inftigation of the devil, the 1 oth day of July, in the Year of our Lord, 1654, at the Parifh aforefaid, in the County aforefaid, wickedly, unlavvfully and deceitfully, did take 1,1pon him, the faid William Lilly, by inchantment, charm and forcery, totell and declare to one Anne Eaft, the wife of Alexander Eaft, where ten waiftcoa.ts, of the value of five pounds, of the goods and chattels of the faid Alexander Eaft, then lately before loft and ftolen from the faid Alexander Eaft, fhould be found and become ; and t\vo fhillings and !ixpence in monies numbred, of the monies of the i faid

OF HISLIFE AND TIMES. 167

faid Alexander, from the faid Anne Eafi:, then and there unlawfullyand deceitfully, he, the faid William Lilly, did take, receive, and had, to tell and declare to her the faid Anne, where the faid goods, fo loft and ftolen as aforefaid, {hould be found and become : And alfo that he, the faid William Lilly, on the faid tenth day of July, in the Year of our Lord, I 6 s4, and divers other days and tin1es, as well before as afterwards, at the faid Pari{h aforefaid, inthe Countyaforefaid, unla"vfully and deceitfully did take upon hin1, the faid William Lilly, by enchantn1ent, charm and forcery, to tell and declare to divers other perions, to the faid jurors, yet unknown, where divers goods, chattels and things of the faid perfons yet unknown, there lately before loft and ftolcn from thefaid perfons yet unknown, {hould be found and become ; and diversftims of monies of the faid perfons yet unknown, then and there unla\vfullyand deceitfully, he the faid William Lilly didtake, receive, and had, totell and declaretothe faid perfons yet unknown, where their goods, chattels and things, fo loft and ftolen, as aforefaid, fhould be found and beco1ne, in contempt of the laws of England, to the great damage and deceit of the faid Alexander and Anne, and of the faid other M 4

168 MR. LrLLY's H1sT0Rv, &c.

perfons yet unknown, to the evil and pernicious example of all others in the like cafe offending, againft the form of the ftatute in thiscafe made andprovided� and againftthe publickpeace, &c.

ANNE EAST, EMME SPENCER, JANE GOLD, KATHERINE RoBERTs, SUSANNA}{ flui,INGE.

TO THE R E A D. E R.

By the enfuing difcourfe, I fuall draw down upon me the 1nalevolent influence of a· number of people; vvith ,vhofe malice being already acquainted, I care thelefs: I can fall nolowerthanthe earth; and ,vhoever thrufts me down fooner than nature intended, muft follow n1e fooner thanhe would bewilling.

An impudent prick-eared Preibyterian Prieft, rencounters me one day. ' Now ' Lilly, what fay yo\l Mr. Merlinusunto ' Charles, the fon of Charles the prefent ' ScotifhK.ing;he'llpulltherebels out of ' \IVhite-I-Iall by the ears.' After a little modeft fcolding, the man was calm, and I pro1nifcd filence as t<> his name, &c. I cannot

ER. cannot walh.the Bl ackmoo white : th ,voeful Piieftsha v efo hardnd their hea agai nft thi S a e , pipe Inever fo n1elo ­ ou f1 y u o the n1, or tho ugh the Parli ­ rncnt acl: n fo ,vifly an dpru dently f oura nd their goo s, th el the Sta and n

If anyhnfybody object, if bclidc n talk v. ri the lfe f th la e Ki g; fay, n : Ic d do no lcfs. I have v, y inju dhim; here is n thing In1en

tion f him whichI had not for1 tho pcrlo s of c edi , whoei her fa,v t e a

tions don , or heard '"ith their c:irs th 'I\orcls deli ve . Ihave a her been fpa ­ ingthanla,•ifh, even when I mention h , 01fto foul ft acti ons : there arehun ­ dreds�liv who wi II v.rc:ir I h:i.ve o balfam tha o ofive inthe di ou fe. ,voul dl,e f<,rry to bel the dead, as i\f Full r hath Pa acelf us, who d elvers hi1 unto fi i y fo a drunk d, thoug th fe • vh o li ,vi h him kn ,v n fuchthing by hi m, but rep ort him vir tuous . B tha :i\lr. Fller, may know J1e hath wantonl y abufcd his oratory, I le tthe ages to come know thu smuch o himfelf iz 'rh h k

Dfho

To THE READER. 173 twice for the Parliament, before 1ny face in the Savoy Church; invited others unto; it; yet, Apoftate-like, ran within fe-.,v days to Oxford, and there whined to his. companions, and protefred, the Countefs of R. made him take it. ' Let not th,y

• jefts, like mummy, be made of dead

{ mens flefh. Abufe not a.ny that are

• departed; for to wrong their 1nemo­

' ries, is to rob their ghofts of their

• winding-{heets*.' And yet this man muft call Paracelfus a quackfalver, and give him befides, other Billingfgate language. Doctor Charlton t ftiles Paracelfus the ornament of Germany, &c. Let the world and writings of the man judge of the truth of Mr. Fuller's fcurvy language.

I'll apologize for nothing I have now writ ; only, if in I644 I differ fomewhat from what I now -.,vrite about the WhiteKingandEagle; I canfay formyfelf, ' later counfels ever correctthe form' er;' and that's anfwer enough. Befides, the White King's tragedy is no,v acted, it was then on the ftage. Long live the Parlia1nent; God blefs the Army ; all

"'S1ysThomasFullerin hisHolyState,page156, t In !,ii :\bg.cureofwound,, page30.

174 To THE READER. happinefs unto the Commonwealth, and unto all n1y difperfed friends in England, Ireland, and Scotland. Adieu, I am, Corner-houfe, over againfl Strand. Bridge, July 23, 165 I, WILLIAM LILLY.

CHARLES STUART, late King of England, was born atDumferlin in Scotland, about fifteen miles from Edinburgh, November 19, 1600. He lived forty eight years, and about feventy t,vo days. He<lied in the beginning of his climatl:erical year, fatal 1nany times where killing direEtions in the nativity threaten. Several charaB:ers are given of him; fon1e do too much magnify him, others as mu,ch vilify him. He was well educated by his father under careful tutors, men of great knowledge in all manner of qualities, fit for educationof princes; and came to the crown being.

176 ON THE LIEE AND DEATII

being aged twenty-four years and about four months, even in the flower of his age. Of his infancy we have little to mention, only he was noted to be very \vilful and obftinate by �een Anne his mother, and fome others who then were abont him. His mother being told he was very fick and like to die, faid, He would not then die, or at that time, but li,·e to be the ruin of himfelf, and the occafion of the lofs of his three Kingdoms, by his too much wilfulnefs : A fad prediction fro1n a mother, who moft entirelyloved him; but it proved verytrue in the fequel. Some affirm !he had that forefight of his conditionfro1na ftranger, who had not only greatjudgme'nt in nativities, but in the n1ore fecret learning; others, that one Englifb, a Scot, informed hertbereof firft. �eenAnnemaybe thought'1:o have the fpirit of prophecy in judging fo rightly on her fon and daughter; for fhe fo much [corned andundetvalue<l the Palfgrave for a hufband unto the Lady Elizabeth, that in mofr of her language after and before the marriage, !he ·woLtld call her Good.vife Palfgrave; a nameand title!he thought good enough for any\Vomanfhouldmarrythatdulland unfortunate man : and indeed her fears and predictions proved moft true. The old Scotifu Lady his nurfe was ufed to

affirm

OF KING CH�<\RLES I. 177

affirm as n1uch, and that he wasof avery evil n:iture even in his infancy; and the lady, v1ho after took charge of him, cannot deny it, but thathewas beyondmeafure wilful, and unthankful: Yet while he \\·as young, he followed his book feriouflv, "vhich his elder brother Prince , Ilenry could not endure; and therefore King James would frequently bla1ne Prince Henry \Vith the neglect of his book, andtellhimhowhisbrotherCharles follo,ved it; v:hereupon the Prince \vould reply, ,vhen that he hi1nfelf fhould be King, he ,vould n1ake his brother Charles Archbifhop of Canterbury. And to fpeak truly of him, he ha<l many fingular parts in nature ; he "'as an excellent horfeman, ·would fhoot well at a 1nark, had fingular 1kill in limning :ind pictures, a good mathematician, not unfkilfulin mufick, well read in divinity, excellently in hiftory, :ind no lefs in the la\YS and fratutes of this nation; he had a quick and lharp conception, would ,vrite his mind finguJarly "'·ell, and in good language and .fl:ile, only he loved long Parenthefes. He would apprehend a matter in difference betwixt party and party with great readinefs, and 1nethod1ie a long matter, or contract it in fe\v lines: info1nuch as I have heard Sir Robert Holborne oft fay, he had a quicker conception, and would

fooner

:qt:AT,I-1'.

fooner U,.'lttedtand ;i. cafe in la\v, or :.}'it!i n1ore fharpne.ls drive a 1natte;r tJnto a h�1.d, th;tn any of his Privy Council • infoinuch, that \Vhen the King Vv!S ll◊t a� the Council Table, SirRobt;rt never carc,t to be there. He had alfo, a1ncngll othl!.r his fpecial gifts, the gift of patience; jn-, fomuch, that if any vffcred hi1n a long difconrfe or fpccch, lre \,·ouW with much patience, and without any intcrruptio.o. or diftaftc, hear a ftJecch or ftory out at l<.:ngth; but then he "'oul<l cxpccl: the fa1ne civility fron1 others. J Jc v,as a great achnirer of his �cen (if he diUembled not), very uxorioui-, feldo1n denying her -any rcqucft, and for her fake wa;s very ci\·i! to the old Q11een of France her n,10ther. The height of his affection qnto the �een, fully you n1ay perceive in thofe tran.fcenclent exprcilions ofJ�-is, in letters fent unto her, the copies.whereof were intc:rcepted at Nafcby, nnd fince printed; his conclnfio11 being ah,ays, " 1'hine eterna!lv," or, " Fare,\d <lcar " heart."

Iie co111n1unicat..:,l his "ci:!·hticft, an<l � 1nofl: pri,·Jte defigns unto her; na:,, there was ,ery little of any 111011!ent, but {he \'-'<IS :ich·ifed ,vith concerning it: :.nd yet, ,vhat n:alon the �cen kne\v to the con1r.1ry, [ ruuld not lcar,1, but { he rnorc tbau

'OF KtNO CHARLES I. 179-

than. once twitted him in the teeth with diffembli11g, &t. a quality whichindeed he vvas as fufficiently mafter of as any man living, and which queftionlefs he had p:trtly from his father, and partly from the climate he was born in, viz. Scotland. An indulgent father, careful. if not too covetous to have provided patri1nonies for his children; for he would often fay, when fome beggarly courtier propounded a monopoly or project unto him, affirming it would produce unto his coffers fo many thoufand pounds a year, or much increafe his revenue; he �vonld prefently fend for the Judges, or fon1e of his Counfel at La"v, and if they affi1·n1cd and confented he might by la\V grant the thing defi1·ed, he often would fay, ' He knew no reafon, but that he ' 1night grant the matter in queftion, ' fith the thing itfelf ,vas juft and la\v' ful, for he had manychildren to pro' vide for.' Before the wars he ,vas a great enen1y to bloodlhed, or,vilfu] murder, infomnch, that ,vhen one Stan1ford had in an infurrecl:ionin Fleet-ftreet, killed a man, he could by no tneans bedra,vn to fign a pardon untohim, thoughStamford had been Buckingham's favourite and countr)'lllan, and very great interceflion had been 111adc unto him for his pardon. vVhere he once really affected, N 2 he

180 ON THE LIFF- /I.ND DEATlt

..., he was ev� a

witnefs his continuan.ce o affection umo all BQ<rlcjngham.:sfi.icnds after ws deadr, •}'ea,,,.-.un:� til his ow• la.A: decay of foffllrle1,.,;;;1'ie was a gnat lover, if not too, htuch;'M the clergy, and highlyadvanced them;,infomuch, as under hin1 they grew fir.frirtfolent, and then faucy; and indeed,.uJ1is indulgence unto them did in part prooQf--e unto himfelf the people's hate. Whether his indulgence unto the cl�rgy, proceeded fro1n a religious•affection rather to advance the ways of righte<,>ufi1efs1 orGod's caufe> than his own private defigns, it h.ath.been by tnany controverted; but by judicious.men adj.i,rdged, that his own felfends were therein more fought after than propagating the gofJ�l ; fo that he ferved himfelf by pretcnoing to advance the clergy. lie .erred extreamly in this one bufinefs : when divei:s godly chriftiansin Norfolk delivered him. a petition againft the tyrant \Vren, their bifhop; lie fent for \Vren, and bad him anf\ver it. Novelties in docl:rine he hated, as much as in ceremony. He loved not greatly the ancient nobilityor g-:ntry of this nation; but didrather prefer creatures of his o\vn, or father's making. Iio,v 1nuch he loved any of the nobility or gentry, but for his own ends, he made it plainly appear•at ()xford, where he,1�ocured fundryof the Eng-

ferfell:"'friend·;

1•�Q I i' ' PF K..Iij.G CJ.JARL.ES,I.., t81 � .Ju t1 :r'_j�

...,

,,, Eogli!h nob.&ts,, afid·\many· �nitiiemen, mcrr\be�s oft,tlie HanfC" of £ohunonsi to recede from lhl, F_arlian1ta1t at;Wcfiinil'lfter,...and cmweM·at Oxfoxd,•where himfelf wMh and �fter that this mock Parliament, to fatisfy his defire-, had convened and alfe_mbled, done \vhat they could, and thereby engaged their perfons and eftates for him ; yet, becaufe they would not in all things comply \vith his tyrannical humour, in a letter of his unto the �een, he complains of them unto her, and faid, ' He was fo troubled with a ' mongrel Parliament, he could do no' th.ing, &c.' This f<;ornful epithet, or badge of difgrace, was all the reward any of thofe unfortunate gentlemen had from him ; but it was juft they iliould be fo paid their wages, that jn fo traiterous away deferted the Parliament at Weftminfter, which fits to this day, &c. He cared not much for the Common Law or very much for the Long Gown men ; he learned that difaffection of his from his father Jemmy, who could not endure the Lord Chief Juftice Coke, becaufe he ever faid the Prerogative was bounded by Law, and was limitable ; but that excellent patriot was ,vorfted for his dear affctbon to his country, by Egerton the Chancellor, who maintained the contrary; and was ,vor.thily as well rewarded by the old Scot N 3 • for

1�2 0.� '[HE LIFl AfiI:> ,P:i;:,ATH

fqr.. �$ labqu.r, Jel'QP]y takingtheQr�at $e.\1 from !J.iµ1 l;,efore he w.asdead, yea, i��difgracefulmanner. The Cqmmon,"T alty-0f Englandheneithe�caredfor,t9ok much notice of, or much difrefpected; hqldingthisopiniononly, becaufehewa$ theirKing, theyoughtin duty to ferve him. The Citizensof London, thoug.h theymuch courted him with their flatteries, and large gifts, and inhis Jateft extremitiesrelievedhin1withconfiderable fumsofmoney,yeaevenatOxfordinfoap barrels; yet he flighted them, thot,1ght themevertoorich,andintendedforthern a fevere revenge. Hadhe ever ma#;ered theParliament, hewasadvifed, byoni.I well knew, to have demolifhed half the city: whathe would have done 1hadhe beenvictorious, Godknows. He would often fay, it ,vas the nurfery of the prefent rebellion, for fo he called the wars, &c. and that thebodyof thecity wastoolargeforthehead. Ihaveheard itfromthemouthsof manyw�rthygentlemen, whofehapitwastofervehimin thelate ,vars, that theydid believe, had he, viz. the King, by arms conquered this Parliament, he would have proved thegreatefttyranttheEnglifhnationever hadtoruleotherthem, andthereforethey didfrill prayforareconcilement betwii.;t theParliamentand Him, but couldncv�r •

o°F ·Ki1a;�·HA'RL'ES r.• is3 en<h;-re->-to hear l1e·rr,ould conqt1ei ouiar.: n11es, &c. And fo 1rittch in a 1nactnel' dropped.out fron1 the n1outh of Rupert} who_g1ving cornmand for executing forne things contraryto t11e laws; and being acqtfainted\Vith his n1iftake, "Tu(h,"quoth he, " ,ve will have no more law·in Eng""-land henceforward. but the [word." He had a natural i1nperfecl:ion in his fpeech, at fometi1nes could hardly get out a word, yet at other times he would fpeak freely and articulately; as the firft day of his co1ning before the High Court of Jufticc, where cafually I heard him; there he ftan1mered nothing at all, but fpoke vert diftincl:ly, with much courage and magnanimity. As amanhehadhisimperfe8\:ions, for he was very covetous and gdpplc, and fparing of his treafure (qualities nothing commendable in a King ;) and if at any time liberal, it was rather to the undeferving or boifterous fello\VS, than \Veil 1neriting : by how 1nuch the more humbly any made their addrefles unto him, by fo much the more \.Vas he hnperious, lofty, and at a diftance ,vith them; whereupon it moft an end happened, that the impudent and bold were rewarded, andthe virtuousflighted;which imperfecrion of his enforced a bold-fi>irited Courtier to fay, • There was no \¥ay ' to get any boon fron1 hi1n,' bt\t' by ih1N 4 ' pudence,

J...�lj.'

0N

iJms.

.a

r-.:a{A)..rsDtfa. r!f

'-�dence-, ·and cajoHngnJrim with aµbe,. tteeming langu_age.1 'Yetbe himfrlf was never•obfcene in his fpeech, or affectedit in othets. I have only met with, or taken. notice of, two paffages, w.hich argue- him ,guilty of unbefeen1img language. Firft;.i11 all or moft of his letters unto·the�een, he terms the Parliament rcbelf, though they vvere lawfully conflened, ruid not difiolved, or to be rli.f1folved, without their ov111 confent; but time, and· their victories, acquaintedhin1 ,vith more civil language, and tat1ght him to ftylc them i Parliament. Inanother letter of his unto her, he calls the Lord General Fairfax, who was then the Parliament's General, their brutifu General; a moft uncivil term and epithet to beftow upon fo brave a- man, fo.civ.il,-fo valiant, and fo much a gentlemanas-Fairfax was, and is. Affuredly the: progenitors of the Lord Fairfax ,vere gentlemen, and of good eftates then, anci at what time the anceftors of the Stnarts were but poor ftewards unto a family in Scotland: and what a preferment it is now, or was fome threehundred years fince, to be bailiffor ftewardunto a Scotifhfamily, let the whole world judge ; for this ,vas the true original of the rife and growth of the family of Stuarts, and no other; though fince bymarriage they ca1ne to be Kings

OF -KtNG CHA·R'L!ilS I.J ��:

K.ingsof Scotland# ·(astheh:--own:>ffl�cle� relate),. Hedidnot:g�ly�lmlfi• ladies, norhadhe a.lav1fh_�..,_\Jffl� many. Hewasmanly,,and well-fittedfftf veneriousfports, yetrarelyfrequentedil:! licit beds: -Ido-not hearofaboveone Oli twonatnral childrenhe had, or left �· hind- h.in1. He had exquifite ju�gm� bytheeye, andphyfiognomy, todifcoyer the virtuous from the wanton. .He: honouredthevirtuous, and was very{hy andchoice in wandring thofe ways, ancl whenhedidit, it was with1nuch cautioufnefsandfecrefy; nordidheprofritute hisaffection, but unto thofeof exquifite perfonsorparts: andthisthe�eenweli knew; nordidfhe wink atit. He had much of felf-ends in allthathe did, and amoft difficult thing it"vasto holdhin1 clofetohisO\vnpromifeorword: hev1as apt to r�cede, unlefs fomething therein appearedcompliable, either untohiso,vn will, profit, or judgment; fo that fo1nc foreignprinces bcftowed on hi,nthecharacterof a1noftfalfcprince,andoi;cthat never kept his word, unlefs for his o,vn advantage. I-Iad his judgment beeu as found, as his conception ·was quick and nimble, hehadbeena mo!laccomplifhed gentleman: andthoughiumoil:dangero.us refults,andextraordinaryferious.confult:i,... tions, and verym<1,terial, either fo.i: frate

1116 0111 TH£ I:lIFE AND·DiATH orcommonwealth, hewouldhimfelfgive the1noft folid advit'"e, andfouhdreafons, ,vhyfuch or fuchathing fhould be fo, or not fo; yet,vas he moft eafilywith­ drawnfromhis own1noftwholefon1eand found advice or refolutions; and withas muchfaoilitydrawnon, inclined, toem­ brace afar moreunfafe, and nothing fo wholefome a counfel. He would argue logically, and frame his argt1n1ents arti­ ficially; yet neverahnoft hadthe happi­ nefs to conclude or drive on adefignit1 his own fenfe, butwas ever baffled�·ith meaner capac1t1es. He ft:ared nothing in this world, or difdained any thing more than the convention of a Par­ liament; the very name was a bugbear untohim. Hewaseverrefracl:01yagainft the fummoning ofa Parlia1nent, and as willingly would embrace an opportunity to break it off. Thishis averfenefs be­ ing wellknown tofome grave me1nbers, they contrived at laft by wit, and the neceffityof thetimes, thathishandswere faft tied up in granting a triennial fit­ ting, or a perpetuity as it were unto this prefentParliament; athingheoften biamedhimfelf for fubfcribingunto, and asoftenthoft:whoimportunedhimthereunto. And therefore I ,vonder at that paffage of his (if it was his, which I doubt of) inthat book publifhed under hi$

of KrN� <;_HARhBS I: 187 bi:� naljle, -an<.l caHetl his- PORT-RAI.,, TUR,E, whetein he maiptains this ,Par-• liament w:;i.s-'called -as- much by his own, <:hoice a-ndinclination, as-,adviceof other�:Vllhereas it is tuanifefrly known-even unto aU,,�t ,was only neceffity, and the impo1'tu11-ity of- the Englifh, who "vould not figh� with the Scots, and this only eaufe· was it which gave occafion for calling of this Parliament ; the Scots at prefent beingpo{lelI�dof Newcaftle. For the book itielf, it 1naintains fo tnany contraditl:ions unto thofe things 1nanifefted by his own letters, under his o,�•n hands, unto the �en, that I conceive the moft part of it J-\pocrypha; the Meditations or Pfalms wholfy \vere added by others : fo1ne loofe papers he had, I do well know, but they were nothing fo well methodifed, but rather papers intended after for the prefs, or as it were a Memorial or Diary, than fuch a ,vell couched piece, and to fo little purpofe. But it is anfwered by the learned Milton. He \Vas feldom in the tin1es of war feen to be forrowful for the ilaughter of his people or foldiers, or indeed any thing eHe: whether by nature or cu!l:om his heart ,vas hardened, I leave for others to judge. \Vhen unfortunately the Parliament had loft fome of their menin theweft, at Marlborough, an4 tl\y Devizes1 and they brought in ll mifcrable

188 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

C r miferab!e condition, ?.1ithouthofeor.lhoes, or fcarce cloaths, into Oxford as a tritunph, he was content to be a fpefiator of theircalamities, hut gave neither9rder for their relief, or �on1mands for ea(e of their fufferings ; nay, itwasnotedbyfon1e there prefent, he rejoiced in their fadaffliction. So afterwards. when Hambden \Vas wounded, or nearthat time in Buckinghamfhire, it happened a very valiant foldier of the Parliament's fide to be taken, fiript ftark naked, his body being !hot in many places, and his !boulder broke : this poor foul in this conditio1\ and pickle, was fet on a poorlea� jad,e, and brought as a triurnph before the King, where he ftood acco1np1nied with many Nobles. It would have piti�d any one's heart, to haveheard how this poor man was reviled and upbraided py levv<l people, even as he paired clofe by the King's prefence; who neither pitied the man, rebuked the unruly people, or gave order for cure of his wounds: but God cured the foldier inftantly, for he died ere he was forty paces from the King's prefence; and not\vithftanding therpifery of the man, and !harpnefs of hiswounds, yet was the greatnels of his fpirit and courage fo undaunted, that he rode very upright upon the pOQr jade, nothing daunted either at his own prefent condition,

OF KING CHARLES I. 189 .... � " . ,dition, or"prefence of theKing. It_was obiervcil,�th'ata)ewd woman,as1ie'palled by; €alli-ng hihi- lte15el, he only"' To'oked ftefrtly �at her, and [aid, ' You wl0t·e.' Sooie'Nol5les feeing the' hard-heartcdnefs oftlfe K\ing opon· this lad ac�ident, and h6'+' 1htle ne valued thofe ,vho either foughtfuroragainft'him, upon thismeer ��lifion defertcd him, and ca1nc for London, &e.

Eventhelooks and ge!l:ures of Princes are obft:rved, you n1ay fee, and fevcral cither good or ill conil:ructions grounded thereon. He "vas obferved in his diet to feed heartily, and would drink ,vines at meals freely, but not in excefs. F!e \11as rather· ,;iolent than 1noderate in exercifcs : when Ju: ,valked on foot, h� rather trotted than paced, he ,vent fo faft. He was· rrothin-g at all given to luxury, ,vas ext.ream fober both in his food and ap­ parel•; in the latter ,vhereof he might rather be fa.id to go cleanly and neat, then gaudy or ri.otoufly; and as to the former, he rather loved fober, full and fubftantial difl1es, than kickfhaws, ,,;hich the extravagant Nobles feed for their ,.,.antonnefs fake; thoughmanytimes, ere they are fatisfied with curiofitie$ in diet, theire!l:ates liepawned for them. Inthe general hewas notvicious ; and yet who ever fhall fay-he,vas virtuous, extreamly errs.

ON '!''HE LIFE AND i:h:.A:TH

errs. I-le was a �edley betV1•ixt virtue a11d vice. He was mainificent in fome meafure, a11d was the only cattfc! of the building that miracle of {hips called tl1e Royal Sovereign: and \vhc11 tome of his Nobles acquainted hi1n \vith the vafr charge thereof, he replied, ' Whyfhould ' not he be admitted to build that fhip ..for his O\vn pleafure, and which might

• be upon occafion ufeful for fervice of

• the kingdoms, as well as {ome Nobles

• prodigally fpent their patrimonyin rio-

•tousandungodlycourfes, nothing either

• for their credits otreputations, or any

• way beneficial to the kingdom?' Itwas vvifely fai<l of him at that tin1e, ' Everr

• man had hisproper vanity, andthatwas

• his, if the people accounted it fo.' He was ill thought of byn1any, efjJeciallythel Puritans then fo called, for fuffering tl-ie chapel at Somerfet-Houfe to be built for the �een, where mafs V\'aS publicklyfaid. Yet was he no Papift, or favoured any of their tenets; nor do I·remen1ber any fuch thing,vas everobjecri-d againft hi1n. Myfelf was once there to gaze, whilll: the prieft was nt high mafs: the fexton and others thruft n1e outvery uncivilly, for V1•hich I protefted never to co1nethere again.

Theactions of Kings and Princes are lookt uponwithmanyeyes, \Vherco(fome

.1.{JNG c��RLES I- 19x

tvei; ,pro.ye eithe.t" fquip.tor purblind. So long as we.Jiv!! in thjs world, our conv�rfa,tion cannot be with faints, but ,vi�h the f<.U1.s of Adam, who ever fmell of io1nC1 corruptions. lVIanyalfo haYeblam:�d him. for ,vriting unto the Pope wben he \yas in Spain: others think iH of hin1 for the n1anyreprieves he gave unto f-::ninary priefts; and Mr. Pryn f\veats to purpofe in aggravating his offence thereby. Why he n,ight not aswell in a civil way write unto the Pope, as \v6te and fend his Ambaffador to the great Turk, I kno\.v not: and for hismercy to thofe pricfts, who had not occafioned rebellion in his dominions, truly charity bids me t-0 make rather a good than ill conftruction. And ,vere not the com1non law Qf thisnation more in force than that canon of fc.-ipture, thofe things could not be juftified, putting men to death for religion,, or taking orders beyond fea, &c. Hewasambitious, and difdained in his youth to 1natch with any of the Englifh ladies; and therefore, upon hopes of a marriage with the prefentKing of Spain's fifter, Monday the 27th of Feb. 1622. he fet forward forSpain, went firft into France, and fro1n thence ,vith his high thoughts paffed the mountains. Neither had he fuccefs in the marriage defired,• or did he get honour by that journey, although

f9a ON TUE LIFE AND DEATH

though moft magnificently entertained in Spain. Some private difgufts happened there and in that voyage, infomuch as he never, after his return into England, much cared for the Spaniard; which he made publickly known in feveral years of his reign. He was accompanied to Spain ,vith the Duke of Buckingham, one ,vhom formerly he extrea1nly hated, but after that journey as extreamly fancied, being his only great favourite. People generally were nothing fatisfied with that his journey undertaken fo railily; yet many fober men judged very well of the marriage itfelf, and thefe did publickly aver, tht: Spaniard was rich, and a brave man, would not be troublefome unto us ,vith unnecelfary vifits, would ever bring gold in his pockets ; was a people, with ,vhom the Engliih merchants had a great and rich trade, and with whofe natural conditions the Englifh did pretty ,veil fympathife; and fot th� Infanta's ftrict­ nefs in the Roman religton, there ,vas by many prudent men very little queftion made, that it would·produce any ill to this nation, which now had been Prote­ ftant above fixty years: and they did alfo confider that the Prince was ,·cry furely grounded inhiso,vn Proteftantfaith, and that the common law ,vould well provide for the multiplicity of priefts, y:}ip might prefume

OF KING CHARLES I. 193 prefume to co1ne uponheraccount. The 27th of ivfarch, being Sunday 1625, King Ja1ues died. All that whole year a moft furious plague afflicted the city of London, there dying above fifty thoufand people. An1ongft thofe, whofe misfor-• tune it was to abide in the city, during that peftilent contagion, myfelf was one, and therein beheld God's great mercy unto me, being nothing at any time vifited, though n1y converfationwas daily with the infected. And I do well remember this accident, that going in July 1625, about half anhourafter fix in the morning, to St. Antholine's Church, I met only three perfons in the way, and no more, fro1n my houfe over againft Strand-bridge, till I came there; fo few people were then alive, and the ftreets to unfrequented.

In June 1625, Mary, daughter of HenrytheFourth, King of France, came over, and was married to the King the fan1e month. Severalconftructions were made upon this marriage with France, and 1nany difputations in private ".'ere had, whether fhe or the Infanta might ha,·e been better for this nation. Ho,vever the Parlian1ent, in regard of the ficknefs, was tranllated to Oxford, Auguft I, 1625, and the 1 2th of the fa1ne diffoh·ed. 'I"here are t,vo main reafons 0 given

-11-d- ON

THt LIF'E AND DEATH

given for its di!lolution: one was, becaufe the Duke of Buckingham his own favourite, ihould not be queitioned concerning King James's death; and the fecond was, his l\1ajefl:y made fcveral propofitions unto the people, whichthey vvould not confent unto. That King James .,.,as really ancl abfolutelypoifoned by a plaifter, applied by Huckingham's mother unto King James·s ftomach, was evidently proved before a Cotnmittee. But ,vhcther Buckingham himfelf, or the late Kirrg, ,vas guilty either in the knowledge of, or application of the plaifter, I could never learn. Many feared the Kingdidkno"v of it, and they gavethis reafon; becaufe, whenthe Parliament did order toqueftion Buckingha1n for it, and had prepared their charge or anicles, to prefent againft him in the Houfe of Lords, and to accufe hi1n thereof, his Majefty, contrary to all expectation, and as an affront of both Houfes, and in the Upper Houfe, ,vhen the articles came up, gave Buckingha1n his hand to kifs, carried hi1n away with him, &c. 1'his action l . oft him the prefent Pa,·liamcnt's affections. Even the 1nofr fober of his frienus held hi1n very 1nuch overfeen lo deny a Parlia1nent juftice in any 1na�ter ,vhatfocver; but in matter of poifon, and the party poifoned being his fath.er, in

ot k:rNG CHARLES r. r95

1h that to prohibit a due tourfe, or a legal proceeding againft the party fufpecl:ed, it was to deny juftice with a refractory han<l. But at that time he was lufty and young, and in his infancy of convening Parliaments, thought to make himfelf fure ever after, or to mafter the Commons of England. There is no pen, libw able foever, can take offthe blemifh that "vill ever han� on him, for falling out with his Parliament, becaufe they quefiioned, ho.v and by what means his father came to hisdeath.

The fecond of February 1625, he was cro.vned at Weftminfter. William Laud altered the old coronation oath, andfra,ned artother nC'<V, And in March following was a Parliament again fummoned, and therein Montague queftionca for Popifh. and Arminian tenets; and Buckingham was again alfo put to it by the Commons. In time of this Parliament he fent for the Bifhops, and blamed their backwar<lnefs, for that they did not inform him; how he might promote the caufe of the church. Indeed, he did well know what fa·wning Jacks 1noft of them ,vere, and how eafily he might \Vith hopes of profit win them to his fide : they made t1p a good part of the Houfe of Lords in number. Here again the Houfes of Parliament were troubled with Buckingham

0 :a and

196 QN THF; LrFl': AND DtA7H and Briftol, who was the wi(er man of the two, but hq.d lea.fr fr�ends. Thefe framed bilht, and 'accufed each other of treafon. At that time mo.ft men pitied ,Briftol, and thought hi1n ill rewarded for all his fervice in Spain; for it was conceived he acted not but accor<ling to commiffion. In this Parliament he committed Sir Dudley Diggs, and Sir John Elliot, l\llcmhers of the Houfe of Commons, becaufe they 1noft rigorouJly had managed an accufation againft Buckingha1n : An high affront it ,vas to the Parliament, and a great breach of privilege to commit a Member of that Houfe, ·without the Houfe's confent: that matter ·was much refentedand veryill taken. By thofe and other hishigh mifcarriages unto both Houfes, theybegan ton1iftruft hirn; many gaye fad conjectures of his actions, and thought that in the end he would either have or lofe all. June r 5, 1626, _he di.ffolves the Parliament, only bec;aufe �they {hould not profecute Buckingham. An argu1nent of found affection unto his favourite, to hazard the love of millions only for him; but a deep imprudenceand high overfight, to flight a whole nation for love onlyofone 1nan, an<l he but of yefterday; or a newcreature, ofbuthisfather's ftamping, andhis own continuing. It was in Auguft thls year; that 'filly overthrew his uncle •the King of Denmark

n1ark in a pitcht field. How the King carried the bufinefs with his uncle, or wh'at treafure he promifed to fnpply him with, and did not perform, I know not. St.ire I am, the old King, after thisfight, could_ 11ever endure our King, butwould fwc;:ar, he endeavoured what in him lay to make him lofe his king<lo1n. This I had f1·om the mouth of Dr. M. who heard the King of Denn1ark fpeak what I write.

In .Anno 1627, he fet forth men and lbips to the Ifle of Rhe in France, under the conduct of Buckingham. Weloft our bell men in that fcurvy defign, who ,vere no better than butch.ered by the French, through the indifcretion of fome that had principal co,nmand therein. But give me leave, before I proceed farther, to relate what I had fron1 the mouth of an eminent Colonel, employed in that fuccefslefs expedition, and one of the Council of War, and a fworn enemy to the Duke. Buckingham I well know was e1<tremely blamed about the lofs of our men, the day of their retreat unto the fuips. The matter \.vas thns carried: The night b�fore the retreat, the Duke called a Council ofWar, and there fuevved them the neceffity of their retreat the next day, and that himfelf in martial difcipline bein& wholly unexperie11ced, he left the 111anag1ng of the next day's action

to the ortlering of the Council of War, offering thefervice of his own perfon unto any hazard ·whatever as far as any private foldier. The Council committed the management of their retreat, by a free con-, fent, ,unto old Sir Willia1n Courtney, a heavy dull c.ovetous old man, who having been twenty or thirty years a private Captain in Holland, was, by Sir John l;iurrows's means, made Colonel in that expedition. And Burrows being now dead, and Courtney the oldeft Colonel, it was referred untQ him hQ\V with fafety to bring off our men. But he, either through want of judgment, qr forgetfulnefs, having not fufficiently provided for fecurity of our rear, our men were ,qioil; unfortunately manyof them cut in pieces : and had not Sir Pierce Crofby with eight hundred Irifh made good the retreat, all our men had been loft. Courtney himfelf fell into a falt-pan in the defeat, ancl was faved by means of his man Anthony'� (:rying, ' 0 fave my Captain :' but the poor fellow loft his own life, and (ave� his mafter·s.

A l:>ullet by chance, dt,ring their ftay: in that i!land, ,vas ihot at the faid Courtµey; •�nq he having a piece of gpld of twenty one fhilliugo price in his fob, the bullet light there, bent the gold, and fo he was p�eferved. Cou1:tney�. at his return� r

tur n, {he\ d me the r;old, :i d told 1ne the fi:ory. 1 1. e King h a i ng of our Iofs at the Ille of Rhe, n U lnding of the D ke in!i:ead of being ngr y at the lofs of fo 1n 1 nygalln t m n o rc::illinghim to nccount fentto comforttheDu ke, defi ring that e 1h ul< l notbe ubled at the s th h o a \va afual.

Andno\v ,vc are fpeaki n gof Rochelle let 1nc acqu::iint the ,v orl\ , tht his f-.f ajefty was he fol ec u f c of its idling, fo he le nt th King of Franc e ei g ht r te of his O\ Vll navy, by whi h tne::tn th Rochellers fhips ,verefu nkant!deftroved who before\VCl" ever able t lievethc tn ­

felves \v h their oy, n ihips, ag:.iin fi a oppofiion the King of !'ranee uu mak e. And thatit n y a ppear , he ,v i lin gly l nt hefe !hi ps u n t o the Prenc and as not forL'ed unto i t by Huck in-g,h un, as n1at y have affinne,I, I ,v relate is p tt1gc perhaps- n t vu lgarl \1ov.n. � Jo h n Pcn:1ing ton, l>::'in V1cc-Admira haJ c nit1iun to car , igLt or mo1c royal ihips in o f'ran \Vhcn hea rive d th e, the Fren hc1uaintcJ him the tl11p J\Vere to fe1 vct l•rench

Kingagainit

th R hcllc rs a if th t he the faicl Si rJoh wou ld fer in that e1nploy ent, he lho1.1lrl be hr.. arJed B thi s-grulattt n 0 bei

TJ!.f_LI�E :A

D D .-. ;r being trul y Ei:ig lilh fcq�ned the pJoff � and utterly refufed the empl oiment, an e ?e he ,vou)d refign the fhips ,in o th French, ame priv ately himtelf u to th King, a n d i f orm ed th e King of th French intentionsagainft Rochlle. Bu the King faid only th u� much: 'Pe n •ningto n , g anddeli v e r yo ur {hi ps, a lea e them in France:' and thm ga him a paticu laror private \\arr ntu ­ der h i s own hand f or h isdifcharge, & }Je hd much o o get his /hips again fro m the Fr nc h ,and thenwas enforc o fe d Sir J hn P nning o n among th� Frenc h , who feift:dabove ahundrt'd Frenc hfliips , ndkeptthemuntilo rswe delivered. On e hing i oblervble, tha we h d on y h O fail rs affifted again Rqchlle i our {hips, and no mor TJ1:. I rela fe j n honour of t e eamen. Thedefi uclion ofRoc h lle is w holl )aid upq our King s fcore, as Vycll an juftly 1 t my be , to his e erna l di!hc-nou and blemif h; forha d he not furn ithed the Fre �chwith fhip , R h elle ould not ha eb e tkn as i t \\' as. And verily.{ believe,thef::t dg ns and1nifc ries of thofe

J>09r Proteft ts poured out unto Al ­ xnighty Goel i their hei ght of c lamities

nginlt: x King, were extreme inllru­ rnental i haileing do\vn th ean�er of God ag in Jl: the l Ki n oweve

thjs acl:ioti of his loft him the love of tlie.Pr6t'eftant Yrinces- in all g:uts of th1: w6rld, :ind fiis own fubject:s cou1d after� that aB:ion never i�ll brook hi1n, but daily were alienated fiJ.- tneir aftca\on (rom him, fuppofmg him either not well· grounded in the ProteO:ant Faith, or elfe. a meer {l:ate-juggler and no other. I kno\v fome have accufcd 1luc'kinghan1 to be in_ ftrumental about the lending thofe lhips: . 'tis poffible he was. However, in March. 1627, a Parliament was fummoned again;�uckingham articled againft, and in Jun� prorogued until October; after in March dilfolved, becaufe William Laud ·was remon.ftratcd againft by the Commons, hl.s ruin labour�d. There were alfo articles exhibited againft Buckingham in the P¥l�an1ent, bnt the latt�r of the t\vo, viz. Buckingham was ftabbed the 23d of Auguft 1628, he being ready to go unto fea for relief of Rochelle, then befiegcd. Many complained of the Ki.µg in this his various ailion about Rochelle, viz. in firft aiding the French to deftroy the Rochellers lhips, then to take part with then;i againft the 1'.ing of France; but to no purpofe. Some therefore c;ompared hin1 to a blac1c witc!1, ,vhoV1 they fay can be-witch and hurt cattle, but hath no ability to cure them again. It w:is an act of great irco11fl;a111_;y. an4 m\'!ch di/honour

�02 ON THE LIFE AND DEATk

to himfelf and whole nation, though the nation had no hand in it. When firft the news \Va6 brought unto the King of Buckingham's death, he was at a fennon, orin a church, or at fervice. He did not feem much troubled at the news, but ftayed out the fennon with much patience, only gave Maxwell prefent directions to fei7.e the Duke's cabinet, where.: in his lettersand privateinftrucl:ionswere. All men generally, except a few court parafites, ,vere glad of Buckingham's death : yet nothing was bettered in the court or commonwealth after his death ; '"'hich moved many toaffirm, that all the mifgovernments in the realm proceeded not from Buckingham's ill advice, but moft from the corrupt and depraved nature of the King's own hafte. Sith I am upon the death of Buckingham, I fhall relate a true ftory of his being admonifued oftenof the mannerof his death he fuould die, is this manner.

An aged gentleman, one Parker, as f remember, having formerly belonged unto the Duke, or of great acquaintance with the Duke's father, and nowretired, had a dremon appeared fever�l times unto him, in the lhape orimage of SirGeorge Villiers the Duke's Father. This dremon walkedmany times in Parker's bed cham.. ber, witho1,1t an7 a{tion of terror, noife_. lillrt,

hurt;,. or fpeech; but at laft one night broke outi,nto thefewords t ' Mr. Parker, ' I know you loved me forrperly, and my ' fon George at this tin1e very well : I ' wouldhave you go from me, youknow � me very well to be his father, old Sir ' George Villiers of Leicefrerfhire, and ' from 1ne acquaint him with the[e and 'thefe particulars, &c. and that heabove , all 1·efrain the counfel and company of ' fuch andfuch,'whomhethennominated, , or el[e he will come to defuuction, and , that fuddenly.' Parker did partly, though a very difcreet man, imagine he himfelf was in a dream all this ti1ne, �nd being unwilling to proceed upon no better grounds, forbare a<,ldreffing himfdf totheDuke; forheconceived,ifhefhould acquaint the Duke with the words of his fathe1·, and the manner of his appearj �ce unto him, (fuch apparitions being not ufual) that he fhould be laughed at� and thought to dote, being he v<1as aged. &>me few nights pafl'ed without further trouble to the old man. But not very maey nights after, old Sir George Villiers ap}!yared again, walked quick and furioufly in the room, feemeq angry with. Mr. Parker, and at!aft faid, 'Mr. Parker, f- I thought you had been my friend fo f much, and loved my fon George fo f w�U, that you woul4 ��ve acquainted • 'him

:?

0.N<r R ! L AN� Dr:

• him w.i.th what I de fired, but yet

•kno w th:tt yo u J1av e not done it.)

• ll he fri ndfh i p that ev er ,vas betw

•y u nd me, a.net the great relj,efr y

•b ar mv f n , 1deftre y ou to deliv rwh

• I f orm e y com anded you unto m

• {o .' rfh ldman, feeinghimfcf th folicit d i n th i manner promifed the dre ­ mon wou l d; b ut lirftargi1cd iLthu

:Th at t e D k e ,.. as not eafy tobe fpo , ith l , d that he ,vo uld a ccount hi a in man come with fuclia meff., f r om t e d ad; nor did he con:eive Duk e , ld i ve any credi t unto hm l\'he un th e dxmon thus an f wercd

• f h e wi ll ot blieve you hav ethis di -

• co f e fr m me, ell hin1 of fuch

•fe ct , ' ad namedit, 'whic hhe know ' non ei n th e vorl d ever knc\v btmy ­

• fel f and ho Mr Paker being no\ •ell fa ti ficd

, that he w·a s no areep, o that th e appari ion ,vas avai n dclulion took a fit opportun i ty ther fore, and ten ­ ouf1yacqu d the Duke with hi s fath er wo rds, nd themanner ofhis ap ­ parition. 1'he Dke h ea1t ily laug ed a th e lation , which put old P arker tojl ftand : b u t laft he alfumed courage ancl t ld the Duke. that he acquainteil his fa th 'sgh ft,vi; ,whatlienow founa to be tue viz. f om a d derifion: Bu

' n1 Lo d f i h he ' r oad

OF KING CHARLESI 20"'

'me ac q_u:urrt )O by ,thi s token, and he

•f:.id it watJ fuc h 'llS none in the world

• but your t'.VO fcl c aid y kn \v

Ht.eat the Duke ,vasa m ed and mud aft nilhed; but took no , v 11 i ng o n o ­

'tice th ereot, keeping th e fume company: il:�l. atlvifing " ith fu h ou fcllors , ar.u performing fuch actions as his fathe r'b

Pa:-kt:r count rmand d. Sh tl y after

old Sir George Villi s, in a ery quie but frro\vfu l pofture, ap pea a g ain un to !'\Ir Park r; andtaid , ' .i\Ir . Pa ke

'know you de l er d my ds unt

•George my fon; I ha nk o u for•f

•doing : but he fli gh e d th m ; and no

' Ionly requeft this mo e at y r hand

• th t once ag:un y 1· p ai un omyfon

• and ellhin1, ifhe, ill ot a men d, an

• fo o,v the coun '° e l I hae g i en hirn

' thi knife o dag g er,' an d ith th t h pulled a kni f or dag;er from und bis'g,own, ' ,hall en d him ; d do vo

• l'vlr. Parkerfct your l\o fei n o der.,f

• you,fu£lldi eat·f ch ati .' �1 r Pker on 1nore engaged, thou ghvery u n ­

w llingly, to a q ain t he D e wi this l.tft rr efia.gc, and fo di ; but t Duke defin.:d him to uble h m no fu

th " :.1. fuchmc'fiages and dreams: to

hi , h e pcrcei d h ,va s n v n o m n, and doted . A d ithin a mon th ti P k on L mbetBridg

Bridge , ' Ko w ,i\fr.Prker, whatf.1yy

• of yo ur d tn ?' \V h only return •S r, I wifh it m y ne r ha e fuccefs &: Hutwithin fix eeks after,he w fi:ibb ed i th a knife, acco ding to hi father'sadm iti nbefo re-han d; a d � Park die<l f n aft r h drea n1 r vifion pe formed.

The 2 9 h f \1a , 1630, beingSatu ­ da v , ne r untoonein the aftern n, th prelc nt KingofS tland wasbo rn Th next dy theKing came to Pat1 $-Crof to gi e Go d th nk s forthe birth ofh'i fon, whe e f cd hi l'eries

R ubi Paulinia � acccffit r,ratusad lmnucuir mrdioluc da flelbpolo.

Dc di vinamhirr chns ieng,nat acre!i H.rc icn, nolio, 1ukl llbl ltel!Jvc!/1 ?

lvb gn .in occid110 pnnccp. modo nala bi-, l\l x fub c d

Abou tl'via y , 1633, hewentinto Scot ­ land and w edth re the r8th o .June , 0 i 7° $, > in �- Jn Jul h eh:t adan g ro s paffag c f rom Bn1n t ­ Jtland, and hrdl y efcap d dro\vning

Some ofhi h fh ld fr ff loft

In r634, h as infinit ly trou bledwit h faction inhi c rt,\ hi ch much chfleaf­

e<l him ; hut by little a d little he put all thing in d ag i n l'h alfo he d

1evieda g eneralgre tt:,.;< upo n th e hole kingdo , vulga l y called Shi pmoney becauCe it \vas pretc.ndccl i was fo m in enance of the n vy; .and trulymuch of it was tha ,vay exp nd d , and th failor:; well paid their :ages; which oc .. c.fioned for t,Yo years tpgeth er a good fleetofroyal !hips to hefc t f h much or th honourof then&tion.

This {hip-money v. as �n a ll y miOiked, beinga mereinnov i on, nd acleanl trick t pollth fubjecl: , nd heat the1n int an annu al pay m ent l\Iyfclf ,va t n a collec\:or f or 1t inthe p l e I lived in I emembe n1ypr p ionwas t we ty t\'t'O fu llings, ancl no m . If ,v

compa the tmes th n a d the p efen in ,vhich I now live, you fhall foe gre diffc.:rcncc even in atfdlinents the ncrfi ty of 1na i nta i ning o ur armi s rcquii·in it ; for now 1ny annual payments th foldie yareveryne:ror m e th twen p<>unds, my ll ate hei ng no \\ \Y grea thanformerly. AgainO: hi ihip1no11 many gallant men oppof d, d t l it Pa ia1ne t it \V vo t d <l o n.

In July 1637, -u iz. 21d d y, the was great dift urban einEdi n bu rg h , abo a nm Se vice -Book ende a ou d o obtruded n. the Scots b the Ki nga

C nterbu y. I have hea d , an db he l b call:ing h ft

208 ON THE LIFE AND DEAT} { ftool at the priefr, when he read the Service-Book. Many very modcft divines exceedingly blame both the King and Canterbury for that book ; it ad1nitted unto the people, as I remember, the Comrnunion but in one kind. However, by the prudence of fome grave men, be­ ing then Privy-Counfellors in Scotland, matters were flubbered over all that win­ ter in Scotland; but in May, or April, new tun1ults arofe, and trulyI maya1moft fay, that that corrupt Common-Prayer­ Book was the fole and whole occalion of all the n1iferies and wars that fince tlJ at time have happened in both nations. Had his Majefty firft endeavoured the impofition of that lame book upon the Englifh, 1nofr men did believe we had {wallowed it, and then the Scots mufr have done it afterwards; for the clergy at that ti111e generally were fuch idle and lazy lubbers, and fo pampered with court preferment, and places te1nporal ill every fhire of England, and fuch flat­ tering fycophants, that doubtleis tl1e great hand of God was in it, that thofe rude Scots firft broke the ice, and taught 11s the way to expel an infu1ting prieft­ hood, and to refill: the King; he endea­ vouring by unwarrantable means to in­ trude things contraryto the divine law of AlmightyGod upon our confciences.

In

OF K1NC CHARLES I. �09

In Anno 1638, the OEcen-mother of France, and 1nother unto tlie Engliih OEeen, widow of f-Ienry the fourth, King of France, landed in England, and came unto London the 31ft of 08:ober. She was very n1canly accompanied, and few of quality attending her. The King 1nofthumanely and gencroufiy receives and entertains her, though all men were extremely againil: it; for it ,vas obferved, that wherever, or unto what country this miferable old �een came, there followed immediately after her either the plague, war, famine, or one misfortune or other. Strange it is unto me, how fhe could be fo fatal to any land ihe entred into. True it is, and I do very ·well know, that fome people born under an unfortunate conftellationof heaven (without this, that they Jive above nature, and live wholly in the fpirit) are fo extreme unfuccefsful in every thing they undertake, that let the1n 1.1fe the greateft induftry they can to be rich, all will not amount to obtain a poor living, though they are affifted not only ·with a good ftock of money to begin their profeffion with, but have alfo many very profitable and affifting friends, and means for their better encouragement and furtherance. It is very poffible, that fuch like ill fortune from her infancy might attend this P old

210 ON THE LrF'E AND DEATH

old �een, as to be thought an unlucky prefuge of •,vhat n1ifchief prefontly follovved her in thofe countries fhe refi.ded . 1n.

In November, proclan1ation was rnade to ditfolve the great afie1nbly in Scotland, but to little purpofe; for the Scots have this privilege belonging unto them, that where, and when they pleafe, to obey no edicts or con1mands of their Kings, except thofeedicts fancytheir ownhu1nours. 'This proclamation \Vas laughed at, and flighted by the Scots, who made it appear they were in good earneft, and began to raife an army for their own defence, by no means enduring the half Popifh Common-Prayer-Book. This railing of an army by the Scots, in oppofition of the Co1nmon-Prayer-Book, made our prelates prick up their ears, and the lazy bifhops 1110ft of all, who convened, and raifed amongft their own Lcvitical Tribe great fun1s of 1noney tovvards the 1naintenance of an army againft the Scots, whom they now hated worfe than Turks. Several particular n1en are fum1noned to appear at court, are enforced to lend vaft fi1ms of money towards the maintenance of an army. I have heard fon1e affirm, the King had in his coffers at that ti111e above fix hundred thoufand pounds : No great ,

grcntfu1n for fo pro v1denta p i e d ch largeincotne as hehad.

Inorabuutthe 27h of l\f rch 1 639 the Kin� fet forvanl towa rd Sc tland IJisanny ollowedim nedia cl y theEaio Antndel being mat.l g ral , a man �f reat nobility, courage, nd efolut1on, and one ,vhofc an c ftors hd heen gen rals fcvcral times agai ft the Scots ,vi h exell nt f uccefs. 'fh ttend the J(ing n this expeditio n moftofth nobility of this n:uin, but ith g ea un,vilhngnfs; f r th Englifh dScot having now· lived like b th n or na tives, or peop e o one ation , on e mngfr a other f or al f rty y r an having i termarried on th an other, both the nobility r gentry, an othe s, they thought it a ery ftrang thing, andnotla fulorco nt , th th s nation lhoulcl n v takeup arn1 and engage again ll: th e S ots, on y f:ttisfy the infatiable lufr ofa fe,v dom �eering prifts, and half p p ih bilhop asal of n obftina e King, vholly l hy the nof by thef f ffi1ng Pnefl: The o1n1non ioldi ,vas thin� v, plcafcd, anl 1n hcd mofr unw\lling upon this tc vice. A lai't bo h armi for manydys, ac lcd chother; y Incvc hear of fo 1n h as n elo d r r h S ts bei P ve

212 ON TIIE L1FE AND DE.'l.Tll

very tenderof provoking theEnglifh, and they as willing to give no offence u11to the Scots. In June of that year a peace was cbncli1ded betwixt both nations, the Engli{h nobility much defiring and furthering it.

The King himfdf was 1110ft greedy above all men of this union with the Scots, as \vill appear by this enfuing ftory. That day which '\Vas affigned for certain of the Englifl1 nobility and Scotifhto treat about thofe articles of agreement or pacification the Scotifh nobility were to produce; the nobles of each na-,, tion being fct, the Earl of Arundel began with much gravity to rebuke the Scots fot' their unadvifednefs and rebellion in raifing their army againft their lawful King, and difturbing the peace of both nations ; and yet he commended the good nature of the King, who was, nonvithftanding their high provocations andmifdemeanors, very inclinable tohear their juft grievances, and to that purpote had appointedhi1nfelf, being General of the Engli(harn1y, and fame other felect nobles of his coL(ncil, to n1eet the1n that day, to treat with them, and to hear their grievances, and what they could fc'ly for the1nfelves. This gallant man was proceeding further in his fpeech, and aggravating the Scots offences, when, lo, z unex-

OF K.ING Cf-IARLES I.

unexpcaedly his Majcfry entered the roon1, called for the articles the Scots defired to be ratified. or confented unto, read them fcarce over, but took pen and ink in1mcdiately, and figned the1n, with� out ever advifing with any of his council; vvhich fo <lifplcafed the nobility of the Englifh nation, that the very next day after figning the Scots articles, they all hafted ho1netotheir O'Jl'.n habitations; the King fraying behind, and for his dai.ly excrcifc, played at a fcurvy game called pigeon-holes, or nine-pins. His fellow gan1efters alfo \Vere equal to the gan1e, 'Viz. lackeys, pages, and fuch others, efefdem generis. He again no fooner can1e to London, but as Iremen1ber, caufi::d thofe articles to be burned by the comn1on hangman; making himfclf as ridiculous in doing the one, as he was reputed,veak and fimple of judgment in doing the other. But at that ti1ne moft in1puted the burning of theScots articles, untothe advices givenhim, andimportunityof theproud clergy andbifho.ps, who humoured him in every itching defire of his, even to his ruin,

There happened many memorable accidents in this year 1639 ; as firft, five eclipfes of the fun and mo911; three of ihe fun, t\V9 of the n1oon; non� was P 3 vifible

2I4 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

vifible in our horizon, but the eclipfe of the fun, which here began \Vith us at London the 22d of May, being \Vedncf-: dav, at 3 hours and 52 1ninutes after noon; its middle Vl'aS at 4 hours and 52 minutes, and its end at46 minutes after 5. The digits eclipfcd were 8. 51 n1inutes, 41 feconds; the whole time of its continuance was r hour, and 54 minutes of time : The fchemc of heaven follows.

His Majefty was in the field againft theScots at the very time of the eclipfe; and fome that \Vere there with him iaid, 'They

• They felt not a m re !harp cold d ay in

•a th ir lives than th t was, the f :if n

• of the e ar, andheight of the fun n -

• lid.:r d. I ll n1cd lc little "-iththep o� noltickpart o f this cclipfc: ye I 1igh tell you, th:it Mercury, :t the time o the beginning of the cclipfe, re p fcn t e the clergy, and he ,v:is ret og d en t c6njunc11 B with I\1ars: oneillo nunt theclergy. At the 1niiklle of h eclip the 1noon ,vas their fignific tor an d th co1nbu l:and near thedragon s-tai l, whic Ji <•nificd much cala nity unto th e p icfl t11is ccl ipic fignified unto theKing n1uc t1cachcry and dan1age h yhis f ien th Scots: the d gree cc l pfcl ,v i th e o ppnfi dt.-grec, ahnolt, of the fun n h

a(lix. As thisccl i pfc {he ,vcdhistr oublt r he r b g in ni g; ft> he oon's cclip in d hi ffiiction &c. The effcas of thiseclipfchad 1n o!l:ifluen e upnn theKi:ig of S pan, i f lli even in the \'ery degree of t h fc ven houle fo t t upon th e 1 1thor 1z.th

( )clobe 1639, upon ou Engli h o:i an un er ournofes, alm !t in ur hhonr, the ll o nde, burnt and fu nk grc:itnnvy of his, ,vith 1 nany nifr fouls in the vv, ,vhich ,ve e to be letl in I•lan<l rs: I kno,v fon1e hav e , h he i ht thouf. P rn

,

216 ON TUE LIFE AND DEATH

men, tranfj,orted in the Spanifh navy, were intended to have been landed here in affiftance of his Majefty: but it was a meer untruth ; for .vho could have hin­ dered their landing in Kent, if his Ma­ jefty had comn1anded it? Sure I am, the Spaniard took it ill at his Majefty's hand, that he fuffered them to perifh fo neai; our harbour. They alfo took exception, that his Majefry, having pro1nifed the1n ammunition and powder, which it feen1s they wanted, it came not at the place foi; them, either by neglect or treachery of our officers, until they were worfred. The truth of the ftory of thefe eight thou­ fand Spaniards in the navy was thus. There ·was a part of that country where the \Valloons inhabit, under the don1i­ nion of the King of Spain, in the Ne­ therland!':, which \.vas taken notice to be very difaffecred unto him : now upol'\ landing thefe among.ft the Walloons, fo many of that people were to have been tranfported into Spain, &c. When his lVIajefry firft heard of the Spanifh and Dutch fleet, and their near approach, he faid to one franding hy him, ' I would l • were well rid of both navies.' To fpea� the truth of him, either as hewas virtuous or vicious, is not to wrong him ; but in every trivial mifcarriage to make him the aµtho.r

au hor of t, Iholditharharous

he pall of anhone!l: n1or m n. n this 1n morablcy , theSc t s by :i.ct amongft thcmfclves, thruft out ll bi01ops; ,vhoafter can1cfneaking hither andhad byCanterbu y's 1eans l r g a d plenti l e hibitions for their maint nance. llis l\la jcftv t ok he cxpulfio ofthe bill1ops lo ill, as that h lolve to check the ia cinc s of the Sc o t , h dearc untry1nen, and aufcd th r tr d "

··h.us o be vrohibitcd, andthei !hip to be cilcd; ,vh ch fo enragedtheS otil nati , that th y ,vcre againin 164 i :irms. The King um1n ns a Parliamen inApril a bout heS ots, ,vhich P rli ­

n1cnt ,vou d not give a far hing u n him towards mainten a nce of hi itend army aga nll: heScots ; th refore M he difii.1lvcs the Parliamen ; ,vhi h ga gre difcontentall ver the n ion, great cncoura�cn1ent unto the Sc t " hereupan theirnrmy, as fucld e ydy, and theirprc mp i on fuch as wiout in\:itaton, they, he 17 th of i\ g 1640, cntrcd En�land. The Ki ng pI "'..r' a\ amy cf Englifi1 to r c ft h hut fnch ,vas the gen ralincli n i o ofthe co111m n fo dier , and fo gr t odim or hatred "· caft upon \Villi Laud, An:hbilhop of Cante bu ry, t lol d b

218 ON THE LtFE AND DtATH but a Parlian1ent; not a man of the Eng1ilh would fight againft the Scots, who were now crept into the ftrong town of Ncwcaft!e: our foldicrs·were mutinous, the officers generally difaffetl:ed to the fervice : in fomecounties thenew raifed f-0ldiers fle,v their officc�s, and ,vould not go. All thefe commotions moved the King little to defift from the war, being continually furthered by the bifhops and clergy, ,vho in their convocation gave a Jarge benevolence towards the maintenance of thofe wars, and comn1anded their tribes in their feveral pulpits to in­ veigh, and cry aloud againft th e pn:fane Scots, and to perfuade the people to affift as willingly as againft Jnfidels or Turks. His Majefty again commanded the nobility to attend him in this Northern expe­ oition, \vho leifurely, and rather unfea­ fonably or un,villingly, than otherways, attended him at York.

All men knew this war was promoted by the clergy, whom the nobility began to difdain and fcorn, and the gentry and yeomanry of England extreamly to hate; for at this prefent time the high com­ miffion-court, and other bawdy courts, did moft horrible injuftice againft the perfons and eftates of any gentleman, who by misfo1tune came thither. There was alio one Wrenn, bifuop of Norwich, born

CIIARLES I. 219

r Kt

hor in L ndon a fe lt ,v h f f the fold babies and fuch pedl:u:y r in

Chcapfi c. 1 is fell ,v verype mpt rily

one ay, as he f.i in Judicat u in th

-ligh Uommiffion C ourt, faid o p enly

'l le hopedto live to fe e het i e, hen

•a l\ilftcro f Arts, or a mini!l er , lhould

'be as good a 1n an as any Jck gentl' man in England.' Andv ril y th e prid

of t is C1u y c itiz n s fo n , hathbeenon

1nain caufe of the ruin. of th e l ergy

Concerning t is \V cnn Iknow C an tbury preferred him, anc\ h ou ht him t

thofc Eccl fia!licaladvance nc s incou andchurch, ,vich he enjoy d . Idoalf

k "", a \ ha\c heard i f om fo e Vh

'"a tccl on C ant rbu y in his ch be

tha he vonl<l oft fay, th t the afu ac tions and un\varrantable p oc din g o his W enn ,,o kl u do the lergy; bu i regard he h d h en th f le ca s hi advancement, he cou d n t ell clo any ac\: prejudicial againft him, b t \\ nhl edo und to he difu n ofhifc l f, and th1.: clergy n e n al : fo h had 1nany rduc\:ancics in hi m fclf, f pr feri;ng fo unworthy a fco nf u\ fellow who pr ed he fcantlal d fc hur h1ncn, and an trao di n r y plag to the "ho n:i.tion. Fo up n rlaguing and puni01ing many god nt i f Norfolka Suffo

220 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

Suffolk, they were forced to leave their native country, and betake themfelves and families into the United Provinces, wll ere • they have taught the Dutch the art and manfacture of cloathing, even to the ut­ ter impoverifhn1ent of this whole nation, &c. nnd yet this wretched \Vreun lives, &c. •

As I re1nen1ber, near upon, or in this year r639, or 1640, the citizens of Lon­ don were miferably abufed by a beggarly Knight, one Sir Phillips of Ireland, who exhibited his bill againft them, for cer­ tain mifdemeanors pretended to be con1.., mitted by fome of their fub-officers in Jreland, about the parts of London-Derry, True it is, the citizens of London very gallantly, about the coming in of King Jan1es, or not long after, fent colonies of their own in great nun1bers, and at their own extreme great charges, to fettle a civil plantation in the North of Ireland. They had a large patent fron1 King James, and n1any privileges granted unto then1 for their fo doing and planting. Above thirty years they had quietly poffoffed their own lands there, had built many beauti­ ful market-towns, one or n1ore city or cities, many churches in the territories affigned them. But near thefe years of 1639, or 1640, this Sir P11illips demand- ing fo1ne unreafonable thi11g-s of the citizens,

OF K.ING CIIARLES I. 221

zens, and being denied them, he in malice exhibits his bill for n1ifi.lerr1eanors of their officers, againft the Londoners in the Star-chan1ber; brought thecaufeunto ahearing; the courtofStar-chamberfined theLondoners deeply, adjudgedtheirplantations forfeited to the King, who as eagerly and greedily [wallowed them for his own. This very act in or near this exi= gence of time, fo imbittered the fpirits of the citizens, that although they '"ere fingularly invited for loan of monies, and had as great plenty in their poffeffions as ever, yet �vould not contribute any affiftance or money againft the Scots, or advance of his Majefty in this his Scotifu expedition. And though I do not attribute thefecafualties and loffcs of the cities, to be derived or caufed from the eclipfe of 1639, although the eclipfe was in Gemini, which fign is the afcendant of London: yet certainly, that Eclipfe did in a natural way threaten or portend much damage unto the1n, and did manifeft the cafualties, but ·was not the cauie. There was at lafi a ceffation of arms by confent of both parties, Scots and Engli!h. Some petty fcuflling there was to no purpofe. 1'he King, when he faw no other means could be thought on for to ferve his turn, and that the common foldier unanimouf1y refufed engaging with the

222 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

the Scots, by the conftant and earnefr defire of the Engli{h nobility, which attended him, he with much unwillingnefs at length was content to give fummons for another Parliament to be convened the third day of November 1640. But you muft underftand in the mean while, when the King faw he could no ways engage the Engli{h againft the Scots, he had fent unto Ireland for the then prefent Lord Deputy, the Earl of St.raflord, formerly SirThomasY"lentworth, aYorkfhire gentleman by birth, and one who had formerly been a greatftickler againft him, until, poifoned with court-preferment, he turned Royali.fr, and fo was made Lord Deputy of Ireland; a man of the rareft parts and deepeft judgment of any Englifuman living; I fay, he fent for this Stratford to confult with him about compofing thefe emergent differences. Strafford adviles with Canterbury, all to little purpofe; for the Bifuop ·was a very afs in any thing but church-n1atters; the hand of providence now going along ·with the Parliament and commonwealth, who became mafters of all publick fpirited people, the K.ing daily declining. In April I 641, the Parlia1nent accufe Strafford for feveral mifden1eanots, treafons, tyrannies, &c. again.fr the �ommof fwealth, durjng his government in Ireland.

Ireland

f h e Parlian1ent f ll o it Co h11lil , that notwithil: anding Stratford fpoke nnd defe d d hi mfclf as �veil as any mortal n1an in th \ rld could do yet he "as found guilty , h d hisfcntence to die, and did di e. Th om as Ear l of Aru del bdng Lord I:Iigh Stcvanl , the King figned the �arra nt fo hi death either by hin1fdf o Co1nm iffioncrs Thu died Strafford, h jf ft li icia thi at ioneverbred.

All men accufc the King for hisfalfe nefs and cova dic u o thi s man , ,vh being f isfic dinh is OV n onfcienc tha Stra rd was not ilty o f treafcn o death, but on of ifd cn1eanor , ye fign d a\Varrant, ei her d r hs o,v hand, or by c m miffio rs. S01nc there arc ,vho do fay, v.i hthe fa n e pen , an at the fume ti e, h e f1 g n d the warran againft Straffor<l, and l to the Act fr triennial or perpetual Parli ncn , ,vhic fuould notb e <lifiol ed \\i ho t confcn of both lIou es Manyafli n n, the�C(.' procured him o do both th e things o hers ir te •t o H nilton Itmters not , od id o f ded hi m

\\'a.S his .:ri o;c fhe matter is not g e , hoinvit the Scots int En l a : f nc thoug Pim, 1-lambden, and f e al th er � ll l. It is v ryli

224 ON TIIELIFEAND DEATH

it ·was true, and that the King knciv as much, butcouldnotremedyit. rfhe Parliainent however in policyand judg­ ment gave the Scots a round fum of money fortheir loifes, and orderedthem to depart this kingdom, vvhichtheydid; fo that in Auguft 1641, the Kingwent intoScotlandpurpofelytopacifyandcon1- pofe the prefent threatening differences there.

Inthefamemonthof Auguft 1641, t beheld theold �een-Motherof France departing from London, in company of Tho1nas Earl of Arundel. A fad fpec­ tacle of mortality it was, and produced tears fro1n mine eyes, and many other beholders, tofeeanaged, lean, decrepid, poor�een, readyfor her grave, necef­ fitated to depart hence, having no place of refi<lence in this world left her, but where the courtefy ofher hard fortune afiignedit. Shehadbeentheonlyftately and magnificentvvomanof Europe; wife tothegreateftI(ing everlivedin France, mother unto one King and unto t\vo �eens. The King cared notmuchfor the Earl of Arundel, being he was of a fevere andgrave nature, could noten­ dure court-novelties or flatterers, was potent in allies, &c. Buttherewasone thingorcaufemainlyabovethereft, and that was, becaufe the Earl of Arundel being

being Lord High Ste,vard and Judge in Stratford·s trial, gave his voice that he was guilty of trea[on, &c. The Earl alfo had but a few years befor� given the King a touch of his o,vngreatheart, and the King's unthankfulnefs unto him and his family. The cafe '>Vas thus: A priefi: pretends the King had a right in a rectory: the Earl challenged for his, and had procured Canterbury for his friend and {econd. The 1nattcrhad many debates : forArundel,vas nofool, but ftood ftoutly for his right. Canterbury was as violent for the prieft, and had procured the King to take cognizance, or hear the n1atter. The King upon fome flight evidence maintained it ,vas his, viz. belonged to the Cro\vn. 1·h:: Earl feeing the obfl:inatenefs of the King, and his fuling with a pettyprieft againft hi1n, and his proper right, out of the greatnefs of his heart, faid, ' Sir, this rectory was ' an appendant unto fuch or fuch a ' nlanor of mine, until my grandfatber. ' unfortunately, loft both his life and ' feventcen Lord{hips more, for the love ' he bore to you·r grand1nother.' This ,vas a fmart ipeech, and hon1e to purpofe: it fo aftonifhed the King, that he replied prettyn1ildly, ' l\,[y Lord, I,vould ' not have you to think ·that fo poor a ' thing as this rectoryor thingin queftion

' iliall

izti ON THE t1FE AND DEATH

'

!hall ftand in competition betwixt n1y

1 refpect unto you and your fa1nily, ,vhich

•I know to be deferving,' &c. Afte1· that ti1ne the Earl little liked the K.ing's actions, and therefore took this oppo1tune occafion of going awaywith the �een� mother: and when one faid unto hin1, his Majefty ,vould mifs him; ' It is an ' ill dog,' faid the Earl, ' that is not worth • whiftling; and though he is a K.ing, he ' will find Arundel's affection unto hi1n

• would not have been incon!iderable,' &c. Some few years fince, this Earl died at Padua, being the !aft man of the Engli!h natio11, that maintained the gravity and port of the ancient nobility; a great lover of antiquities, and of the Engli!h nation. He brought over the new way of building with brick in the city, greatly to th�fafetyof thecity, and prefervation of the ·wood of this nation. He was a great patron of decayed gentry; and being Lord High Marlhal of England, carried too ftricl: an hand againft the yeo1nanry and commonalty; forwhich he ·was nothing beloved, but rather hated of them. 1-Iov,ever, the gentry and nobility o·we much unto his mexnory.

In October 1641, the Iri!h unani1nonfly rebel and n1aifacre the poor Englifh, who were not able to relieve themfelves, as 111atters at prefent were handled, wai1ting

• able

OF KING CHARLES I. �27

able governors to direct them. Atld the very truth is, the way which at firftwas taken to fupprcfs the rebellion, didonly fupport it: for confidencebeinggiven to fome of the Iri{h nobility, and manyof them furnifhed with arms, they furni!h their O\Vll kindred, being native Iri!h; who were no fooner po!le!fed of arms, but they becan1e errant traitors to the Englifi1. Agreatqueftionwill here arife� ,vhether the murder of the Engli!h was by confent orcommiffion from the King unto the Iriili? Many have affirmed in words and in print publickly, that he fhouldbe guilty of fuch a villanous acl:; ,vhich Icannot believe, in regard I could never haveanya!furedrelation,"vhatthofe com1niffions were the Irifh boafted of, they being only the affirmations of the Catholick Irifh, purp'.>fcly to win others unto their party, and [educing many by faying, they acted by the King's commiffions. Had this been true, it had been 1nore than equal unt:> his affill:ing for deftruction of Rochel1 e; but I may hope better things, both as he ,vas a Proteftant, a Chriftian; a·1d a King. Yet methink there is little fatisfacl:ion given unto this in his late pretended book. Two n1ainthings are objeeted againft the King, whichthat book meddlesnotwith, (?r anfwers. Firft, why his Majeftywas

z2S Ot1 THE L1FE AND DEATH

fo tender-hearted of the Irifh, as not to fuffer above forty proclamations to ifli.1e out againft thofo rebels in Ireland, and thofc alfo to no purpo:e, or unopportunely, when too late. Befides, to fhe,v his reipect unto them, I kno,v he obliterated with his own hands the word Irifh rebels, and put in Irifh fubjecl:s, in a manufcript difcourfe, ,vrit by Sir Edward \Valker, and prefented unto him, which I have feen of the lrifh rebellion, &c. Secondly, whereas the Parliament were fending over cloaths, and other nece!laries, for the Engliili foldiers in Ireland, the King feized them as they went, anned andfurnifhed theEnglifhandWeHh againft the Parliament. 'fhe reafons of thde arcomitted by the penner of his Portraiture.

In November 1641, the Parliament frill fitting, the King comes for London, is entertained by the1n in the greateft ftate n1ight be, and met on the way by fo1ne hundreds in gold chains; and nothing is novt cried but ' Hofanna, ,velcome home; ' your Majefty is welcome.' The �een perceiving a breach was likely to be betwixt the King and Parlian1ent, thought politickly to engage the city for him. He gives the citizens good words, tells then1, he will give them their lands in Ireland again, a pro111i!e he was never able to perform,

perfonn, &c. As I remember at their requeft, he alfo kept his Chrifi.mas at \.Vhitehall, intending othcn,vays to have keptit atl-Iainpton-Court,and alfoknighted fome of the Aldermen. At his return fron1 Scotland, he affir111ed in a fpeech he 1nadc unto both IIoufcs, ho,v he had left that kingdom in as quiet and good condition as could be expected. The devil was in the crags of the Scots, if he left them not contented, vvho gave them whatever they required, and figncd whatever they deli.red or demanded, confirmed as much as their large confcie11ces coi1ld require.

But now in January 1641, began a fea of misfortunes to fall upon us, and overwhelm otll' long-continued happinefs, by difagreement of the King and the t\,VO 1-Ioufes of Parliament, and partly by the daily coming to the Parliament F{oufe of many hundred citizens, fon1etimes in very 1·udc manner. True it is, the King difliked thefe too frequent acldreffes unto both Houfes in fo tnmultuous and unwarrantable a manner: whereupon, fearing the worft (as himfclf pretended) he had a court of guard before Whitehall of the trained-bands. He had aHo many <liffoltite gentl�men, and forne very civil, that kept ,vithin Whitehall, with their fwords by their !ides, to by ready upon Q_� any

230 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

any fudden occafion. Verily, mens fears now began to be great, and it was by many perceived, the King began to fwell with anger againft the proceedings of Parliament, and to intend a war againflthem : fome fpeeches dropped from hi1n to that purpofe. It happened one day, as fome of the ruder fort of citizens came by Whitehall, one bufy citizen muft needs cry, ' No Bilhops :' fome of the gentlemen iffued out of Whitehall, either to correct the faucinefs of the fool in words, if they would ferve, elfe it feen1s ,vith blows : what paffed on either fide in words, none but them(elves knew; the citizen being more tongue than foldier, was wounded, and I have heard, died of his wounds received at that time. Ithathbeen affirmed byvery many, that in or near unto that place where this fellow was hurt and wounded, the late KING's head was cut off, the S CAF F O L D ftanding juft over that place.

Thofe people or citizens who ufed thus to flock unto Weftminfter, were mofi of them men of mean or a 1niddle quality -themfelves; no Aldennen, Merchants, or Common-Council Men, but fet on by fome of better quality; and yet moft of them were either fuch as had publick {pirits, or lived a 1nore religious life than the vulgar, and were ufually called PuriI tans,

oF KING CI-IARLES I. 23r tans, and had fuffered under the tyranny of the Bifhops : in the genera\ theywere very honeft 1nen, and w-ell n1eani11g. Some particular fools, or others, perhaps now and then got in an1ongft thein, greatly to the difadvantage of the 1norc fober. They were modefl: in their app3rel, but not in language: they had the hair of their heads, very fe\v of the1n, longer than their ears : �,hereupon it came to pafs, that thofe v;ho ufually with their cries attended atWcftminfter, were, by a nickname, called Roundheads. The courtiers again wearing long hair and locks, and always fworded, at laft ,vere called bythefe men Cavaliers : andfo after thatthis broken language had been ufeda while, all that adhered to the Parliament were tern1ed Roundheads; all that took part orappearedfor hisMajeftyCavaliers; few of the vulgar knowing the fenfe of the word Cavalier. Ho'>vever, the prefent hatred of the citizens were fuch unto gentlemen, efpecially courtiers, that few durft come into the Gity; or if tliey did, they were fnre to receive affronts, and be abufed.

To fpeak freely and ingenuoufly, \Vh:tt I then obferved of the citytumults, vvas this. Firfi:, the fufferings of the citizens ·who were any thing well devoted, had, during all this I(ing·s reign., �een (uch, Q,..4 and

232 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH.

and fo great, being harro\.ved or abufed continually, either with the High Co111... million Court, or the Sta�·Chamber, that as men inwhofe brea.'l:s the fpirit ofliberty had fome place, they \Vere even glad to vent out their fighs and fufferings in this rather tumultuoQs than civil 111anner; being atlured, if ever this Parliament had been ditlolved, they n1ufl: have been racked. whipped, and ftripped by the fnotty clergy, and other extravagant courfes. And for any amend1nent which they might expect from the King, they too well kIJ.ew his temper: that though in a time qf Parlia1nent he often promifed to redrefs any grievances, yet the heft friend he hath, cannot produce any one act pf good for his fubjects done by him in the vacancy of a Parliament. The lofers ufllally have leave to fpeak, and fo had the citizens.

All this Chriftmas r64r, therewas nothing but private whifperings in Court, and fecret councils held by the �een, and her p�rty, with ,vhom the King fnt in council very late mitny nights. What was the particular refult of thofe clandeftine confultations, it will prefently appear.

January 4, 164r. By what iinifter council led, I know not, but the King in perfon went into the tqeµ Lower Houfc

oF K1NG CfIARLEs I. 233 lioufe of Parliament, where the Co1nmons fat, and for fome thingii he had beeninformedof, demanded fiveof their principal members, viz. Pim1n, Iiollis, Hazlcrigg, Ha1nbden, and Stroud. In that book called his Portraitt1re, he affirms, he went to the Houfe of Co1nmons to demandjufrice upon thofefive members;. and iaith, 'He thought he 'had difc9vered fo1ne unlawful corre'fpondencies and engagements they had 'made to embroil his kingdoms.' I-lo confefieth he miffed but little of procuring fomewritings, &c. to make his thoughts good. So here is no evidence againfr thefe members, but his own• thoughts, as himfelf confeffeth. But affuredly, hadhedemandedjufticeofthe Houfe of Commons againft them, and proved his charge, he might havehad it; butforhin1felf toattachtheirbodies, and be Judge alfo (asheintended) was a matter mofr unequal. And furely, had it been in his power to have got theirbodies, he vvould have ferved thefe members as he did Elliot, \Vhom ,vithout cau!e he com1nitted to the tower, and never ·would either releafe him, or !hewcaufeofhiscommitment,tilldeath. Allthattimehehadaguard withhi1n atthedoorsof theHoufeof Parlian1ent, confifting ofmanygentlemen with ha!,. berts

-j4 ON TlIE LIFE AND DEATH

bertsandfviords. Truly, Idid nothear therewas any incivility offered bythofe gentlementhenattendinguntoanyme1n� beroftheHoufe,hisMajeftyhavinggiven them ftrict commands to the contr:iry. This rafh action of the King's lofthim his Crown: for as he was the firft of Kingsthate:ver, orfoimprudently,brake the privileges by his entrance into the Houfeof Commons afiembled in Parliament; fo by that unparalleled de1nand of his, he utterly loft himfclf, and left fcarceanypoffibilityofreconcilement; he notwilling totruft them, nor theyhim, who had fo often failed them. It \Vas my fortune that very day to dine i11 Whitehall, and in that room where the halbert�, newly broughtfrom the tower, ,vere lodged, for ufeof fuch as attended • the King to the Houfe of Commons. Sir PeterWich, ere we had fully dined, came into the roomIwasin, and brake open the chefts v.•herein the arms were, which frighted us all that were there. Ho,veyer, one of our i:01npany gotout -0f doors, and prefently infonned fome me1nbers, that the King was preparing to co111e unto the Houfe; elfe I believe alltl1ofemembers, orfomeof them, had bee1J taken in the Houfe. All that I could do further was prcfcntly to be gone. J3�it it.happ.ened alfo the fame day,

OF KING CHARLES I. 235 day,. that (ome of my neighbours were at the court of guard at Whitehall, unto ,Yhom I related the King's prefent defignr •and conjured them to defend the Parliament and members th«reof, in 1,vhofe well or ill doing confi!l:ed our happinefa or misfortune : they promifed affi!l:ance jf need were, and I believe would have ftoutly ftood to it for defence of the Parliainent, or members thereof. The King loft his reputation exceedingly by this b.is improvident and unadvifed demand : yet notwithfi:anding this his failing, fo wilful and obftinate he was in purfuance of that prepofterous courfe he intended, and fo defirous to compafs the podics of thefe five members, that the next day he po!l:cd and trotted into the .city to de1nand the memb_:rs there. :Eie convened a meeting at Guildhall. The, Common Council a:ffembled: but mum could he get there, for theword LondonDerry was then frefh in every man·s 1nouth.

But whereas the author of the King's Portraiture complains, ' That the info' lency of the tumults ,vas fuch, that his ' Majefty's perfon ,vas in danger in the ' ftreets.' This is a ve1y untruth : for notwith!l:anding h:s Majefty dined in the city that day he required the five me1nbers of the citizens, yet he had no inciviiity

236 ON TI-IE LIFE ANl) DEATH

civility in the leaft meafure offered unto his per.fan; only many cried out as he pa/fed the ftreets, ' Sir, let us have our ' juft liberties, we defire no 1nore.' Untowhich hefcveral times anfwered, 'They ' f11onld,' &c.

An honeft citizea, as I ren1ember, threw into his coach a new fermon, the text whereof ,vas, as I no,v remember, ' To thytents, 0Ifrael.' Indeed the citizens (unto their everla!ling honour be it ipoken) did ,vith 1nnch refolution protea the five 1nen1bers : and n1any thoufands were willing to facrifice their lives for defence of the Parliament, and the feveral men1bers thereof.

The tenth of January approached and came : upon which day the fivede1nanded inembers were brought into the Houfe of Co111mons with as much triun1ph as �ould be expreffed, feveral con1panies of trained bands marching to the Parliament, to -tffift if need ,�·ere. 1'here wereupon the River Thames I know not how many barges full of failors, having fome guns ready charged, if occafion �,ere : and thef� alfo came in multitu�es to fcrve the Parliament. A word dropped out of the King's mouth a little before, which loft him the love of the feamen. Some being in conference with his Majefl:y, acqtJainted him, thathe was loft in the affection

I. 237 affecl:i◊n of thefeamen, for they intended to petition the houfe, &c. ' I wonder,' quoth the King, ' how I have loft the ' affeaion of thofe \Yater-rats.' A ,vorcl fure that flipped out of his mouth llnadvifcdly; for all n1en muft and do kno\v, that the fhips of England, and onr valiant f.'lilors, arc the veryftrength of England.

IIis Majefty finding nothing thrived on his fide, and feeing the abundant affe8:ion of the commonalty in general for the Parlian1cnt, the aforcfaid tenth of January1641,wentunto Hampton-Court, and never after could by entreaty, or otherwi{c, be dra,vntocon1e uf'lto his Parliament, thoughthey in mofthumble wife, and by many and ieveral addrefles, exceedingly defired it. One misfortune follo\,VS another: for the 25th of February, 1641, the Queen went into Holland, and afterwards theKing into Yorfhire. 1'hcre \Vas at this time a fufficient 1nagaz.ine of arms in Hull, being the remainder of tho[e employed againft the Scots. The Parliament fent down a member of their own, one Sir John 1-Iotham, to take care of them; who undertook, and alfo did 1naintain the town, and preferve the ax·ms there:n for the Parliament. P,lthough his Majcfty, in April 1642, came unto the walls of the town to require th:!m, yet could

238 ON THE LIFE AND 0EATH

could he neither procure arms, or admit..tance into the town.

The Earl of Warwick, exceedinglybeloved of the fea1nen, fecured the navy; fo that in few days the Parliamet1t had 1tore of armsfor Janel foldiers, andplenty of floutihips for theirfeaoccafions. His Majeftyin the mean time being deftitute both of the affections of his people, and means to fupply an army, which it wasperceived he intended fhortly to raife, returned from vievving Hull unto York. The Parliament having perfect: intelligence, and being a!lured he would raife an army againft them, began to confider of their prefent condition; whom to make their General; how to raife men and n1oney for their o,vn, and commonwealth's,defence. Butonewould have blelfed himfolf to fee what running and trotting awayherewas both of Lords and Commons unto his Majefty. I do afii.ire you a very thin houfe was left: of Lords who re1nained, Effex the people's darling was chief; a moil: no�l� foul, and generally vvell efteemed: he 1n this exigency was by both houfes non1inated and voted the Parliament's General. I do herein adn1ire at the wonderful providence of Aln1ighty God, who put it into the peoples hearts to make this man General, this ve1y Earl, this good

good man, who had fuffered beyond belief, by the partial judgment of King James ; who to fatisfy the letchery of a luftfulScot, took a\vay Effex'swife (being ale\vd,voman)for one Carr, alias Someriet; !he pretending Efiex v.•as Frigidus i1Z Coitu, and old Jemmy believing it.

I-!ad Effex refufed to be General, our caufe in all likelihood had funk in the beginning, we having never a Nobleman at that tin1e, either willing or capable of that honour and preferment: indeed, fcarce any of them were fit to be truO:ed. So that God raifed \lP Effex to be a fcourge for his fon, whofo father had fo unjuftly abufed him. And for the Countefs, fue had abundance of forCO\V ere {he died, and felt the divinehand of heaven againfi: her; for the was uncapable of coition at leaft a dozen years ere fhe died, having an impediment in that very member fhe had fo much delighted in and abufed: and this I had from the mouth of one who faw her when bo\velled. For Somerfet himfelf, he died a poor man, contemptible and defpifed of every man; and yet I never heard any ill of that Scotchm1n, except in this alone bufinefs concerning the Earl of Effex, and his wife. In this fumn1er the citizens lifted themfelves plentifully for

240 ON THE LIFE AND.DEATH for folcliers.

I-forfeandarmswereprovided, and the Lord knows hov, many treacherous knaves had command in this firft expeditionin theParliamentarmy : fo that if God hiu1felf had not been on our fide, ·we n1uft of neceffity have periihed.

The youth of the City of London made up the major part of E!fex's infantry. I-Iis horfes were good, but the riders unfkilful : for they were taken up as they can1e and lifted, or offered themfelves unto the fervice. The truth is, the Parliament were at that time glad to fee any mens willingnefs and forwardnefs unto their fervice; therefore they promifed largely, and made fome pleafing votes; fo that the pfate and 1nonies of the citizens came tumbling into Guild-hall upon the publick faith.

His Majefty in the interim, and at that time, 1,,vas neceffitated for money and anus extre:unly, having no 1naga2ine to con1ma11d, but thole of the northern counties; yea, into what other county foever he came (and he traverfcd many) he was fo courteous, as he made fbift -to feize their anns, and carry the1n along for his ufe, pretending for the fafety of the people, and his perfon.

The King had Iain moft part at York, or rambled into fome other counties near adjacent until Auguft, and done little to any

-

OF KING CHA'RLES I. 2'1:_l

any purpofe; for the feveral counties were generally nothing inclinable to his purpofe : in moft whereof, and in every c.ounty he came in, he rather received petty affronts than fupp◊rt: yet at Iaft he came to Nottingham, and there fet up his STANDARD (with a full refolution for war) the 22d of Auguft, 1642. under this conftellation. having fome few horfe with him; but in great expetl:ation of more aid frorn the Welch, &c. whom hethought moftdotedonmonarchy.

The heralds, or at leaft thofe who then were with the King, were ignorant how, R • .�d

�4� ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

and in what· manner to fet up the Standard Royal: they therefore hung it out in one of the turrets, or uppe1' rooms of Nottingham Caftle, within the Caftle

Wall. K4ng Richard the Third fet up bis Standard there, &c. His Majefty diflikedhis Standard \Vasplaced within the caftle. He faid it was to be placed in an open place, ,vhere all men that would might freelycome unto it, and not in a prifon: they therefore carried it, at his command, without the caftle, towards or into the park there adjoining, into an open place and eafy of accefs. When they came to fix it in the ground, they perceived it was a meer rock ftone, fo that they with daggers andknives made a fmall hole for the Standard to be put in; but all would not ferve; men were inforced for the prefen(to fupport it with the ftrength of their arms and bodies ; which gave great occafron, unto fome gentlementhereprefent, togive averyf�d judgment on the King'sfide, andtodivine long beforehand, that he would never do any good by arms. I have alfo heard, that ,in eight ortendays hehad not thiJ-ty attended the Standard, or lifted themfelves.

All theremainder of his life after this Auguft 22, 1642, was a meer labyrinth of forrow, a continuedanddailymisf01·2 tune,

oF KrNG CHARLES I. :243 tune, unto which it feems providencehad ordained him from the very entrance of his reign. His wars are wrote by feveral learned hands, unto whom I refer the reader. I fhall only repeat a fe\V more things of him, and then conclude. Favouriteshehadthree; Buckinghamftabbed to death; Willia1n Laud, and Thomas Earl of Stratford, both beheaded. Bifhops and Clergymen, who1n he moft favoured, and wholly advanced, and occafionally ruined, he lived to fee their bifhopricks fold, the Bifhops themfelves fcorned, and all the whole clergy of his party and opinion quite undone.

The Englifh Noblemen he cared not much for, but only to ferve hisown turns by thetn: yet fuch as had the unhappinefs to adventure their lives and fortunes for him, he lived to fee them and their families ruined, only for his fake. Pity it is many or them had not ferved a more fortunate mafter, and one tnore gratcful.

The Scots, his countreymen, on whom he beftowed fo many favours, he lived to fee them in arms againft himfelf; to fell him for more money than the Jews did Chrifr, and themfelves to be handfomely routed, and fold fol).,•.knaves and flaves. Theymade their beftmarket of him atall times, changing their affection witl,l his fortune.

R 2

J'HE Li.FE AND oEATu

The old Prince of Orange he almQfr beggared, and yet to no purpofe, the Parliame)1t one time or other getting all anns and ammunition which ever �rpe over unto him. It is confidently averred, if the King h:1d become abfolute here in England, Orange had been King, &c.

The city of London, which he had fu fore op_prefied and flighted, he lived to fee thoufands of them in arms again.ft him ; and they to thrive, and himfelf confume unto nothing. The Parliament, which he fo abhorred, and formerly fcorned, he lived to kno,v was fuperior unto him; and the fc;orns and flights he had ufed formerly to Elliot, and others, he faw now re.turned upon himfelf in folio.

With Spain he had no perfeft correfpondency, fincehis beingthere; lefs after he fuffered their fleet to pe1·ifh in his havens ; lea.ft of all, after he received an Ambaffador from Portugal; the Spaniard ever upbraiding him with falfhood, and breach ofpro1nife. Indeed, the nativities of both Kings were very contrary.

With France he had no good amity; the Prote!l:ants there abhorring his legerdemain and treac;hery unto Rochelle; the Papifts as little loving or tru!l:ing him, for fome hard meafure offered unto thofe of their religion in England. He cunningly

OF KING CHARLES I. 245

n'ing1y \vould labour to pleafe all, but h1 effect gave fatisf-a8:io11 to none.

Den1nark could not endure him ; fent hin1 little or no affifrance, if any at all: befides, the old King fufi)ef\:ed another matter; and made a query in his drink.

The Swedeextremelycomplainedofhim for nonperformance of fo1ne fecret contra8: betwixt then'!, and uttered high words againft him.

The Proteftant PRINCES of Oerrn<\ny loathed his very n;i.me, &c.

The Portugal King and he had little to do ; yet in one of his own letters to the �een, though he acknowledges the Portugal'scourtefyuntohim,yetfaith,thathe ,vould give him an anf,ver unto athingof concernment thatfb.ould fignifynothing.

The Hollanders being only courteous for thei1•ownends, andasfarashismoney would extend, furni!hedhim with anns at fuch ratesas aTurk n1ight have hadthe1n elfewhere: but theyneitherloved or cared for hhnin his profperity, orpitied him iq hisadvedity; whichoccafionedthefewords to d1·op from him, ' If he ere came to his ' throne, hewouldmake I-:{ans Butter-box -' know, hefhould pay well for hi� fifhing, • and fatisfy for old knav�ries,' �<;.

In conclufion. He was generallyunfort11nate_in the,vorld, inthe �.(l:eeqi both R 3 of -

246 ON THE LrF; ANP DEATH

of friends and enemies: his friends exclaimon his breach of faith; his enemies would fay, he could never be faftenough bound. Hewasmorelamented as hewas a King, than for any affection had unto his perfon as a n1an.

He had feveral opportunities offered him for his reftoring. Firft, by feveral treaties, all ending in fmoke, by his own perverfenefs. By fevcral opportunities and victories ·which he profecuted not. Firft, \Vhen Briftol was co,.,vardly furrenderedby Fines: had he then come unto London, all had been his own; but loitering to no purpofe :;it Gloucefter, he was prefently after ·well banged byEffex.

\Vhen in the weft, 'Jzz. Cornwall, he worfted Effex: had he then inunediately hafted to London, his army had been without doubt mafters of that city; for Manchefter ·was none of his enemy at that time, though hewas General of the affociated counties.

Or had he, ere the Scots ca1ne into England, commanded Newcaftle to have marched fouthward for London, he could not have miffed obtaining the city, and then the work had beenended.

Or \vhen in 1645, he had taken Lei�eft.er, if then he had .fpeedily marched for London, I know not who could have refilled him: but his camp W<\S fo overcharged

charged with plunder and Irifh whores, there was no marching.

Amongft many of his misfortunes, this I relate was not the leaft; viz. whel1 the Parliament !aft tirne were to fend him propofitions unto the Ifie of Wight, ·he had advice, &c. that the only way, and that there was no other means remaining upon earth to make himfelf' happy, and fettle a firm peace bet\lvixt hin1felf and Parliament, andto bring him out of thraldom, but by receiving.our Commiffioners civilly; to fign whatever propofitions they brought; and above all, to make hafte to London, and to do all things fpeedily: be was willing, and he pro1nifed fairly to perform thus much. Our Commiffioners were no fooner come, but one of them, anold fubtil fox, had every night private and long conference with him; to whom, when his Majefty had communicated hisintentions of figning the propofitions, he utterly difiiked the defign, and told him plainly, ' lie •!hould come unto his Parliament upon • eafier terms; for he affured him, the ' Houfe of Lords were \Vholly his, and ' at his devotion.' This old man knew that well enough, himfelf being one of then1: and in the Houfc of Co1nn1ons he had fuch a fuong party, thatthe propo/itions fhould be mitigated, and made R 4 more

248_ ON THE LIFE AND,D!:A'l'R

more eafy anc;l more fit for him to fign. Upon this, the old Lord was to be Treafurer apud Gracas Calendas, and a cowardlyfqnof his, Secretaryof State. This1 was the laft and greateft misfortune ever� befel him, to be thus ruled and fooled by that backiliding oldLord, who was never fortunate either to Parliament or. commonwealth. But by this action, and the like, yo\.l may perceive how eaftly he was ever convertible unto the worfer advice. Jn like nature, the former time of propofitions fent unto him, when of himfelr he wqs inclinable to giv� the Parliament fatisfacl:ion unLo their propofitions, the Scots Commiffionerspretending what their cold affectionate country \>Vould do for him: upon this their diefembling, hehad fo little wit, as to flight the Englifu, and confide in the Scots, though hewellkne\v they only had been the fole means of ruining him and his pofterity by their juggling, felling, and betraying him.

Wliilfr he was in prifon at CariibrookCafrle, horfes were laid at feveral frages, both in Suffex and Kent, purpofely to havt> conveyed him to the Kentifu forces, and to have beenin the head of them, and with the revplt�d fhips, if he could have efcaped; and he was fo nearefcaping, that his leg$ an� bqdy, even unto the breafr, were out at the window: but whether

fear

-or- *iNc.: C.H�RL�BS- I.� 249 fearfurprifed him, or, as-hefaid"himfelf, he., could,not,get his body out of the window,"being full-chefted; he tarried behind, &c. and efcaped' not. Many fuch Jllisfortunes attended him; fo that on"C may truly fay, hewas Reium inftElidJjimas. Someaffirmbeforehisdeath. feveral prodigies appeared. All Iobferved a- long tim·ebefore, was, that there appeared almoft in everyyear after 1664, feveralparelia, qr mock-{bns; fometimes two, fometimes three. So alfo mockmoons, or.parafelenes, which were the greateftprodigiesI everobfervedorfeared. HewasbeheadedJanuary30, 1648. The figur�of that moment isas followeth.

250 ON TH£ LIFE AND DEATH

Aft.er the execution, his body was carried to Windfor, and buried \vith Henry the VIIIth, in the fame vault where his body was lodged. Some, who faw him embowefled, affirm, had he not come unto this untitnely end, he might have lived, according unto nature, even unto the height of old age.

Many have cur�oufiy enquired who it was that cut offhis head: I have no per­ miffion to fpeak of fuch things; only thus much I fay, he that did it, is as valiant and refulute a man as lives, and one of a competent fortune t, King Charles being dead, and fome foo1ifh citizensgoing a wh0ring after his picture or image, formerly fet up in the Old Exchange; the Parliament made bold to take it down, and to engrave in its place thefe wor<ls :

Exit 'I'yrannru Reg1.tm u/tzi11us, Anno Libertatis Anglite reflitutceprimo, Anno Dom, 1648. Jan. 30.

For my part I do believe he was not the worft, but the moil: unfortunate of Kings.

t Seeabove,inLilly'sHifiory ofhisLifeandTimes, p:,,ge 13 r, . r 32. v. here this feqet is difcovered. Several

Several Engli!h Prophecies, relating to the Life and Death of CHARLES STUART, late King of Britain.

WE ufually fay prophecies and oracles are be.ft unclerftood, '"'hen •they are pcrfonned; many having complained of the ambiguity of oracles, and their ambodextrous interpretations; as many alfo finding fault with the obfcurenefs of prophecies, i1nagining no mortal men can give the proper fenfe of any oracle or prophecy. except endued from above with the fame divine fpirits as were given unto the firft authors. Were I to 1neddle with divine prophecies, I could tranfcend a volume in difcourfe of this fubjecl:; but I have confined my prefent endeavours in the enfuing treatife, only to manifeft unto the whole world, and this nation principally, the certain and unqueftionable events, of very many Englifh prophecies, long fince delivered unto us, and frill re1naining amongft us, which have fo clearly and manifeftly declared the actions of thefe prefent times wherein ,ve live, and with that lively portraiture, that it were the higheft of incredulties to queftion

252 ON THE LIPE AND DEATl{ quellion their abilities in the gift of prophefy1ng, or by unneceffaryand amb1guO\l$ queries to make the world believe there can be any other interpretation rendered of their fayings, than fucb as we have vifibly with our eyes beheld, even in this very age and time we now live in. And if any curious impertinent fuall be fo nice as to queftion by what divine fury, or heavenly rapture infufed into them, either by dreams, vifions, or any other no4um�l revelation, thefe reverend perfons became fo wife, fo foreknowing: I muft firltintreatfuch criticks to acquaint me how, and by what means either the Sybils, or many others, and efpecially Balaa1n the Prophet, eame fo truly to prophefy either of Chrift, as the mofr learned believe he did, or of the 4ungdom of the Jews, or of both, ill Numb. xxiv.ver. 17. 'Thenfuall cornea •ftar out of Jacob, and a fcepter ihaU ' arife out of Ifrael.' I willingly confe11t with the feveral expofitions of the learne<J upon thofe ,vords : yet do think it no herefy, if I fay Balaam intended, by the ftar there mentioned, Jefus Chrift; and l>y the fcepter, that the people or.nation cf � Jews, {hould in fnture time be� come a greatandmightypeople, andh�ve Kings to rule over the1n as othei- natiol18 hadatthatprcfeot; w4ereastheJewsv,ere

,·eF

KxNo CHARLES I. 253

..only· goverhed by l\tlofes at that ti1nt : yet. we know Balaam was not of the people of the Jews ; and yet in the 1 6th :verfe of that chapter he plainly faith, • He heard the words of God, and knew / the knowledge of the moil: High.' We muft acknowledge that he prophefied very truly; for the fcripture, againft whofe evidence there is no appeal to be made. confirms it. But if Balaam loved the ways of unrighteoufnefs, and laboured with that continued infirmity of the clergy and priefthood, viz. covctoufnefs. let us lament and pity human kind, that fo excellent a man as he in many things. fuould blemifh all his rare parts, with thofe filthy, but pleafing minerals, gold �nd filver.

If God Almighty, in thofe times of fo great darknefs or heathenifm, did nof leave fo1ne kindoms deftitute of prophetick Jpirits, though the true caufes by which they did prophefy, lie concealed unto pofterity, or arc manifefred unto very fewat prefent living; {hall w'e now think, that in the pureft times of Chrifrianity, God either hath been, or is lefs merciful than unto former ages he was ? or that he is not as able or willing to infufe into fome Chrifrians the fpirit of prophecy as into fome heathens of old ? How truly did Homerdeliverthatprophecyof.iEneas, many

�54 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

many hundred years before it came t() pafs:

At Domus IF.nece cuncfis dominabitur Orri, EtNatinatorum, & qui naftentur abilli1.

A prophecy it was of the greatnefs of the Roman empire; which we all know was fully verified. How true is alfo that of Seneca:

---- Yeniazt Annis Secula.feris, quibus Oceanus Yincula rerum laxet, &c.

Which was a prophecy of the difcovery of theWeft-IndiesandAmerica, neverknown to the ancients, and to us not above one hundred and fifty years fince. But I leavementioning of heathen prophets,&c.

What !hall we fay of that prophecy of Henry the VIth, King of England, which he delivered fo pofitively upon Henry the VIIth, then a boy, and holding water unto him: ' Thisis the lad or boy,' faith he, ' that!hall enjoythe crownforwhich ' we ftrive.'

Or of David Upan or Unantho11y, who J}lanyyears fince prophefied of the pulling down of Charing-Crofs. His prophecy was printed 1558; the ,vords are thefe:

OF KING CHARLES I.

To tell tl\c huth, many one would wonder,­ Charing-Crofs lh31l be broken afunder :

P. Shall preach, R. fuall reach, S. fl1all fiand fiiff.

R. Signifies Round-bead. P. Pre!'-i bytery. S. The Soldier, &c.

Charing-Crofs, ,ve know, was pulled down 1647, in June, July, and Auguft, part of the ftones converted to pave before White-Hall. I have feen knivehafts made of fome of the ftones, ,vhich being wellpolifhed, looked like marble. But I leave further determination of thefe things unto fo1ne other pen, or difcourfe, and come unto the prefent intended difcourfe itfelf, wherein I £hall make it very clearly to appear, that all, or moft of our ancient Englifh, Welch, and Saxon prophecies, had relation to Charles Stuart, late King of England, unto his reign, his actions,lifeanddeath�; and unto the no,v prefent times wherein, we live, and unto no other preceding King or times whatfocver.: whichI prove only by this undeniable argument, viz. no King or �een reigningin thisnation or kingdom did ever ,vrite or ftyle him or herfelf, King or �een of Britain, before King_ James, v.•ho being naturally· Kingof Scotland, andfucceffivelyof England andWales, was the firft that e�er either

156 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

either really was King of all Britain, or that did fo entitle hi1nfelf; nor was ever any King crowned in white ap.Parel but King Charles. Befides there 1s a prophecy extant, and printed long before �eenElizabeth died, viz.

When HEMPE is fponne, England's donne.

R,

When HEMPE is come and alfo gon, Scotland and England fuall be one.

Which words intimate, that both Henry the VIIIth, Edward the Vlth, Mary, Philip, and Elizabetl1, Kings and Q!!eens of England, mufi: firfi: have reigned, be.. fore Merlin's Prophecy could take place: in King James both nations Were united, and not before. Let me alfo add unto this, a very ancient prophecy of the: Welch, viz.

Koronog fab Auea wna ddiwedh ar y daroganeu, In Englifu thus :

The f'onne of Ann crowned, ends all our prophecies. We

OF KING CHARLES I. 25'7

'\Ve never had yet any King whofe mother's name ·.vas Anne; but King Charles's mother was Anne, fifter to the IZingof Denn1ark, late deceafrd.

The putting to death of the late King \Vas prophefied of above eighty years before it was done, by Noftradamus: the book itfelf was printed about 1 578, as I remember in ce1)tury the 9th: thefe are the ,vords,

Scnat de Londres mettront a n1ort leur Roy, viz.

The Senate or Parliament of London, fhall put to death their King.

Thefe examples fhew, that chriftians have had the fpirit of prophecy, and foretold plainly many ages before, what {hould fucceed.

The moft fignificant of all our Englifh prophecies, is that of An1brofe Merlin, which I have n1ade choice of in the firft place, repeating orderly a verfe of the • prophecy ,. and then how it was fulfilled.

A Prophecy of the White I(ing, wrote by Ambrofe Merlin, nine hundred years iince, concerning C H A R L E S the late KIN G.

'wHE N the Lion of Rightful­

• neffe is dead, then fhall arifo a •White King in Brittaine, firft flying, ' and after riding, after ligging do,vne, • and in this ligg down, he fhall be lymed, • and after that he {hall be led.'

We have feen with our own eyes, and thoufands betides, firft King Jan1es, who reigned peaceably, and was therefore called "facobus Paci.ficus, isdead, viz. that ftyling himfelf King of Great-Britain, andreigning two and twenty years, died 1625, the 27th of March. Many affirmed he had the picture of a lion on his breaft or ficlc; but it is probable he had fome eminent natural mole there, which might caufe that error; becaufe in his nativity he had both Saturn and Mars in Leone. In regard of the great tranquillity and peace we enjoyed in King James's time, and the little or no blood fhed in his reign; and in confideration of the propagation, and

OF KING CHARLES I. 259 and f1•ee admittance of the gofpel all over this kingdom, he was righfly by the Prophet ftyled, ' The LION of Rightful' neffe.' ·But if the Prophet had given hi1n the na1ne of Lion in any other fenfe, he had notoriou0y failed; being King James was the 1noft pufillanimous Prince of fpirit that ever w� read of, and the leaft addicted unto martial difcipline. But in judgment either in things divine or human (whilft fober or unbiaffed) the n1oft acute and piercing of any Prince either before or fince. He was ad1nonifhed of his death by a dream. }Ie dreamed that his mafter Buchanan appeared unto hi1n in his fieep, and gave him thefe t,vQ verfes. I thought good for the rarity thereof to repeat the1n.

SexteverereDrum, tibivitreter111inusin.flat, Cu11ttuacandentiJlagratcarbunculu.rigne, The Englifh whereof is;

Thou James the VIth of that name, King of Scots, fear God, the tenn of thy life is near or at hand, ·when thy carbupcle-ftone burns in the hot fire.

The King told his bed-chan1ber n1cn, and fome other Lords, of thefe verfes next· i.norning, relating the1n really, and averred· S z he

260 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

he made not the verfes, nor could his ma!l:er Buchanan ever almoft get him to n1ake a Latin verfe. The fuccefs was thus: the King had a very large and fair carbuncle ftone ufually fct in his hat; and we have feen him pictured many •times with fuch a carbuncle fixed to his hat. But thus it happened: fitting by the fire, not long after, this great carbuncle fell out of his hat, and into the fire: a Scotti{h Lord took it up, and obferved the King fickened, and alfo died veryfl1ortly after.

After I(ing James was dead, Charles St·1art, his then onlyfon, wasproclaimed K:ng of Great Britain, by a general confent ofthe people, his title being unqueftionable. The occafion of the Prophet's calling him vVhite King, was this : The Kingsof England anciently did wear the day of their coronation purple cloaths, being a colour only fit for K.ings : both �een Elizabeth, King James, and all their anceftors did wear that colour the day of their coronation, as any may perceive by the records of the wardrobes. Contrary unto this cuftom, and led unto it by theindirect and fatal advice of WilJiam Laud, Archbifhop of Canterbury, he was p _ erfuade<l t? apparel hi11;1felf the day of his coronation 1n a white garment. Therewerefomedehortedhimfrom

OF KING CHARLES I. 261

• wearing the white apparel, but he obft.inately refufcd their counfel. Canterbury ,vould have it as an apparel reprefenting the King's innocency, or Iknow notwhat other [uperftitious device of his. And of this there is no queftion to be made, myfelf, though not occularly feeing him that clay, yet have had it related verbally by above twenty, "'hofe eyes beheld it; one or two were workmen that carried his Majefty's apparel that day; fo that I challenge all the n1en upon earth living, to deny his ,vearing white apparel that day of his coronation, &c. It is alfo reported, and I believe it to be true, that fuch was his hafte to have the cro,11/n upon his head, that he had not patience to wait the coming of the Archbifhop, ,vhofe office it was to do it, but impatiently in 1:;reat hafie, he placed thecrown upon hisheadwith his own hands; which n1oved the Spanifh Ambaffador, v.-·ho \Vas then prefent, to fay, ' The King'sputting ' the crown upon his head fo ralhly with. ' his own hands, was an ill 01nen.'

' Firft flying.'

King Charles fummons a Parliament, November 1640: the troubles of Scotland arifing in 1641, he left the Englifh Parliament fitting, and went in perfon S 3 himfelf

262 ON THE LIFE AN.0 D�ATH

hin1felf to fettle the difturbed affairs of Scotland. He canie home to London about Nove1nber, and \Vas himfelf and �een royally entertained by the citizens, ,vho cried then ' IIofanna,' &c. But fee how fuddcnly many of the f.,me city c1y ' Crucify, crucify.' For lo, in January J64r, the citizens of London, and other rude people, in greal numbers flock dovvn unto the Parliament, and affront theKing, the Bi!hops, and other tetnporal Lords : which n1denefs and fancinefs of theirs, as himfelf pretended, moved hin1, the Ioth of January, 1641, firft to fly or remove unto Ha1npton-Court, then to \Vindfor, then into Kent, from thence into York{hire; fo that all the re1nainder of his life, until he ft1rrendered his l?erfon to the Scots, \Vas running and flying from one placeto another. I muft ingenuoufly acknowledge, my eyes were witnefs of very great rudenefs in the citizens, and of as great a defect of civility and judgment in fome courtiers, unto thofe illbred citizens.

' Ancl after riding.'

The firft horfe his Majefty raifed, were in Yorkfhire, and theie in or about July, Auguft, and Septen1ber, r642, pretending they \\'ere for a guard for his pcrfon : from·

OF K1NG CHARLES I. 263

fro111 \vhich time, until the very time he rendered hi1nfelf to his countrymen the Scots, which was l\tfay, 1646, he had an anny of horfe, and was frequently himiclf amongfl: them: though it is not once reported himfelf ever chatged, as he was fometimes invited unto it by the Lord Charles Gerrard, a moft gallant man, who would fay unto hi1n 1nany tin1es, • CHARGE, SIR.; &c. And indeed, ,-vho would have loft three kingdoms, ,vithout firft lofing forne blood in the quarrel!

' After ligging downe.'

From the time of his own voluntary rendition unto the Scots, until his dying day, he was never in the head of an army, but did ligg down or lie ftill, and was carried up and dowrt from one place to another as a prifoner : yet had he very great libertyuntil he difcharged himfelf of hisown word or parol atHamptonCourt, and immediately efcaped to the Ifie of Wight.

' In this ligg down he !hall be lymed.'

During the time of his imprifonment, or fro1n thattimethe Scots fold his perfon unto us for two hundredthoufand pounds, S 4 it

1?64 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

it mayproperly be faid, 'Inthjsligg down ' he fhall be lymed,' that is, he was attempted and allured fir.ft by one fide, then anothtr; or he was feveral tim�, and by feveral occafions� ten1pted or treated withal, (every one thinking themfelves fureft \vho poffdfed his perfon) fometimes by the Scots, other times by the Englith, as ,veil Parliament as army : but notwithftanding all overtures, his perfon \Vas frill fafe looked unto, &c.

' And after that hi:: ,'hall be led.'

After that propofitions had been prefented unto him at Hampton-Court, and !aft of all at the Ifle of Wight, he refufing to fign them, or give fuch fatisfacl:ion as was requireci; from that time, viz. from December, 1648, until his death, he was led, viz. he was more ftricl:lyguarded and imprifoned than ever; nor from that tin1e had the benefit of his liberty as formerly he had had, but was removed firft to one caftle, then to another; then to Windfor� then laft of all to Whitehall. So that moft properly he may be faid to be now led. For I dare fwear he went and came into all theie places mofr unwillingly.

• And

OF KrNO CHARLES I. 26s

'And there !hall be !hewed whether 'therebeanotherKing.'

SinceKingCharlesdidretreatfromhis Parlian1cnt, they on the behalf of the cornmo1nvealth actedas Kings, ufingregal command, raifing armies,•monies, taxes, & quidnon, breakinghisl\,faje!l:y's GreatSeal,1nakinganewoneoftheirO\.vn, andfincehavealteredtheframeofgovernment, and converted monarchy into a commonwealth.

'Thenfhallbeegaderedtogathermuch 'folk, andhe!halltakehelpeforhim.'

Howmanyofthenobility, gentry, and clergy, and what nnn1bers of the co1nmonaity affified hin1, we know, and theywho were his affiftants do well to their coil: re1ne1nber: for indeed, the greateftpart of thenobility, and gentry, andpriefthoorl, 1110ftcordiallyandunanin1ouflyfollo·we<l him, an<laffiftcdhinito thehazardoftheirlives,andconfumpt.ion of eftatcs. And ,ve kuow, even \,hilfi: he ,vas in Carifurook-Caftle, ,vhat a rebellion\VasraifeclbyGoring, and others, &c. inJ<.ent andEilexr648, befidesthat great army of Scots and Englifh routed inLancafhire. 'And

266 ON THE LIFF, AND DEATH

'Andthere fhall be merchandife of1nen, ' as of an horfe or an ox.'

This part of the prophecywas exactly verified in K.ing Charles's, or the White l{ing's Time; for in 1648, after the defeat of the wretched Scots in Lancafhire, the Englifh merchants did give money for as many of the con11non foldiers as were ·worth any thing, and fent the1n fot· Barbadoes and other foreign plantations. Some were fold dear, others cheap, according to the quality of the perlon or profeffion he was of: It is reported, that 1nany of thofe miferable wretches, fince their being at the Barbadoes, do fay, they have left hell, viz. Scotland, and are ar�·ived into heaven. There was in 1644, 1645, &c. exchanging of foldiers and prifoners; but in 1648, abfolute merchandifing of mens bodies, and not before. What price the Scots were fold for, I know not: he that gave but twelve pence apiece for anyof that nafty people, gave too much.

' Therefhallbee foughthelpe,andthere ' f'hall nonearife, but bed for head.•

What Prince or State of Europe, was not attempted fince 1642, unto 1648, to affi!l: his late Majefty? but in vain. Providence

vidence bei11g not to be deluded by any mortal man : each man that affifted, had only a bt:d for his head, viz. a grave or piece of earth for his burial. And ho,v many royal Engli!h families, both of. gentry and nobles, I pity to relate, who have n1ifcarried for his fake.

' And then !hall one gone there the fun ' arifeth, another there the fun gone 'downe.'

Intimating no mere, but that the fear and fadnefs of thofe ti1nes lhould be fuch, as !hould caufe feverai perfons to leave this kingdom or nation, for their fafety, as many nobles and gentry, who took part with him did, fo1ne going to Holland, others to France, others to {everal countries, as their fancies or occafions led. them : or it may irnport his Majefty {hould go Ea£l:\vard or North-Eail:, as he did when he went firft to the Scots; and the �een before ,vent Weftward or South-Weft, viz. to France. I pity exceedingly the fad condition of many noble families, ,,vhich fi:ill to this day continue, in foreign parts, poor, beggarly, and in a 1noft uncomfortable condition:

' After this, it !hall be faid by Britain, ' (King is King,) King is no King: after ' this hee !hall raife his head, and he ' fhall be taken to be a ·King.' After

•

:268 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

After he went to the Scots, and whilft he was in durance, he was treated with both by England and Scotland, as a King. Yet afterwards it appeared he had not the power of a King, to conclude any thing: nay, afterward our Parliament made a vote,

• That noAddreffesfhouldbemadeunto ' him any more.'

But that vote ,vas repealed, and addreffes were made, but to no purpofe. So that theProphet faid well, • Sometimes King; ' after, King is no King,' &c.

' Beemanythings todone, but wifemen ' reading, &c. and then !hall a range of ' gleeds, and ever each hath bereaving. ' he ihall have it for his owne.'

I conceive this intimates no more than the multiplicity of affairs in thefe tin1es: but whether by the range of gleeds, he intend either the Parliament themfolves, or the army, or the Parliament's fubofficers, I knovr not. I conceive here are fome words wanting in the copy, which might lead to explain thefe words, 'Viz.

' And hee {hall have it for his owne.'

Unlefs

OF KING CBARLES I. 269

Unlefs itbe intended, thofe meant bythe range of gleeds, viz. greatoppreffors, or tholewho then rule or co1nmand, fhall have all for their own; the Latin copy hathno more, but

Po/} hcec erit te1npus ,nilvorum, & quod quifque rapuerit, proji.o habcbit.

Viz. After thefe things, it {hall be a time of kites or gleeds, and what every man can get or purloin, he will take it for his own. And this feems to be the genuine fenfe of it: for how manyvery poor men havewe known to arriveunto great eftates, fince thefe times, even to thoufands a year .and more? Some, I kno,v myfelf, ,vere men of very mean fortunes in the beginning of this Parliament, thatan;now fo elevated, fo proud, fo rich, fo arrogant, having had a hand in fomc publick employments, theyfcorn their kindred and country, forget their birth and that neighbourhood which brought them to this heightof honour: andalthough like poor fneaks they can1e to London in leather-breeches, and in 1 642 were but vulgar fellows; yet now coach it with four or two horfes, are impudent, becaufe in authority: yet to requirefome of thefe, to write true Englifh, or fpeak fenfe, were to command a f-t

270 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

f-t from a dead man: but fuch as thefe mufi know, if they have good efiates as that they have, ·we of the commonalty muft have an account ofour treafure.

' And this !hall laft feven yeares, loe ' ravening and {hedding of bloud.'

If we confider �hat our wa1•s began in Anno 1 642, ·we fhall then find that our diftempers and wars have continued feven whole years, within our own kingdom; for one copy hath it,

Etfeptennio durabitguerraintra,

The ,var !hall endure -feven years within the bowels of the kingdoms: andwhereas he mentions ravening, I conceive where the foldier is quartered, that acl:ion of ravening cannot be avoided. England hath felt free quarter, both of her own countrymen, and of the Scots and Scoti!h army, ,,vho were the trueft harpies that ever lived, ftealing and purlcining whereever they came, even unto a difh-clout. You fhall have one example of two Scots in Lancafhire 1648, quartered there in a poor houfe, v-•here they got a kettle of brafs, being all their poor landlord had, and having it on the fire with oatmeal boiling in ale or milk; qn alarum comes, �nd

OF KING CHARLES I. 271

and one of their own countrymen paffes by and invites thefe two foldiers to run away, for all was loft. But fee their villany, and prefent reward of thefe two fools: away they trudge, but carry the kettle and porridge on a ftaff betwixt them, their landlord in vain crying out for hiskettle. But itpleafed God an honeft trooper ofours, 1naking hafte to purfue the knaves, flew both thefe gluttons, and fo returned the kettle to the right owner.

' Andovens{hall be made likekirkes or ' churches.'

If it werenot publickly done in many places of this kingdom before 1646, viz. that churches were n1any times as beafrly as ovens: yet in 1648, and 1649, Paul's church was made a horfe-guard, and fo continued until of late.

After, ' Then {hall come through the ' fouth with the fun, on horfe of tree, ' the chicken of the eagle fayling into ' Brittaine,andarrivinganonetotheHoufe ' of the eagle, hee £hall !hew fello-.,vfhip to ' them beafrs.'

Here the copies vary exceedingly, one f.1ying only,

Deinde

272 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

Dei11de Pul!u.tAquilce ve11idjuper lig11eo1 equ�s ,mno & jenw & crit guerra in Britta111a.

Piz. After the chicken of the eagle fhall con1e upon wooden horfes within a year and a half, and there .fhall be ,var in Britain.

Another copy hath it thus:

Deinde a6 azfllro 'Ueniet cum fale firper ligneos Equos ; & fanio jj;umantem inundationem man's, pullus aquilce na"Jigan.r in Britannian1, & applicans.ftatim tune {l/taH· domumaquilceJitien.t & citoaliamjitiet, viz.

Aftenvards the chicken of the Eagle fhall come ,vith the Sun upon wooden Horfes, &c.

Verily, in a former treatife of ours, we were not much eftranged from verity: yet our modefty was fuch, and our refpecl: to his Majcfty's perfon, ,ve were in many things filent. But upon further confideration, this chicken of the eagle will prove one ofhis Majefty'schildren. And we re1nember, that the prefent Scots King djd aboutJuly 1648, upon the South or South-Eafl: coaft of England, come in perfon unto the revolted {hips: helanded, orwasvictualled atYarmouth, and the11 failed towards Kent, but without fuccefs : He alfo after that attempted Yarn1outh, but

OF KING CHARLES I. �73 but that attempt proved fuccefllefs. But whereas, the prophecy mentions, ' He ' !hould {hew (feJlo,..,,fhjp unto them • beafl:s.)' 1'hefe \Vords are in no Latin copy that I have feen : however, at that time of the Prince's being at fea, here was no treatyor overture either offered by him unto the Parliament, or by them unto him; only the reft of the lhips. which revolted not, were feveral ways dealt \vith to deliver then, upuntohim.

If bytheeaglebeintendedKingCharles lately dead, as doubtlefs he was, the chicken of the eagle mull:of confequence then be one of his children, and the prefent King of Scotland; and then the words may have this fenfe : That the Prince at that time {hould be defirous of getting fome footing or landing-place in Kent (called here the High 1-Ioufe of the Eagle) in regard Dover-Caftleftandeth in Kent on a ro�k: but failing there, he made his journey to Yarmouth, and fo was defirous to procure that town: but herein he alfo was deceived. It is evident that the late l(ing was the Eagle; for he did nothing but fly or ride up and do,vn, during fome years, before his rell:i:aint : and it muft of neceffity then follow, that the chicken here mentioned isthe ScotsKing; forthechickenismentioned before the death of the King to 1� come

274 ON THE LrrE AND Dr:A TH

con1e frotn the Eaft ; and fJ the Prince did upon wooden horfes, viz. fhips. It is true, the Prince got a caftle or two in K.ent, but to no purpofe.

' After a year and a halfe fhall be war ' in Britain.'

This ihcws a continuance of the wars, either abroad or at home for fome certain time, or feveral years. And we know in 1646, that moil: excellent rnan the Lord Fairfax had even ended our \Vars; but lo, in r648, foveral revolts and rebellions appeared againft the Parliament; befides the ::icotift1 treacherous invafion; all which manifeft a continuance as it vvere of the ·wars: nor are we yet quit of \.Vars, or ihall be for·fumetimehereafter.

' Then {hall a footh be nought \VOrth, ' and every man 01ail keep� his thing, and 'gotten other mens goods.'

It is in Latin, 'l'uncnibilval:bitMercurius.

Thefe words fay only thus much, that after that tin1e, when the chicken of the eagle, or prince of WrJes, at that time ihoukl either pt:rfonally land himfeif, or iet on 01ore fon1e forces of his in any part of England, which was in July 1648, or Auguft;

OF KING CIJARLES I. �/�

Auguft ; that then, and from that time• there would be no faith given to words• or any peace con1e from treaties: and we wdl know with \vhat difficulty the laft treaty with his Majefty was obtained. The Parliament had juft caufe to fear no goodwould come from thence. TheWhite King, who ever loved to fi{h in troubled \vaters, gave fuchambiguous anfwers unto the Parlia1nents' propofitions, as fignified nothing. Whereupon, confidering the great engagement \vhich lay upon then1, they at laft refolved,

Imr11edicabile vulnus enfa recidendum. An� fo it was.

Fo1· verification of the latterpart:

Sedguiflue curabit quoniodo, &c.

That every man, who under the Parliament hath pilled, poled, or cheated the people; or any Parliament-1nan, who bath by the ruin of the co1nmonwcalth inrichr.d himfrlf, will be carefulto preferve his ill gotten goods, I do asverily believe, as I do thrrt there is a GO D in Heaven.

' After the ,vhite King feeble !hall goe • to\vargs the weft, beclipped about with T 2 ' his

•276 ON THE LIF'E AND DEATH

' his folke to the old place been xunning ' water.'

1t is in the Latin;

Ibit Rex de6ilis ve,fosoccidentem.

At what time His Majefty went from Hatnpton-Court, he went feeble, viz. accompanied with no more than two or three (a feeble company for a King); and he then went to the I_fle of Wight, and there furrendred himfelf to one Hamn1ond1 governour of Cari!brough-Caftle in the Ifle of Wight. That caftle ftands near or upon the water. From this tirn� of his furrendring himfelf unto Hamn1ond, he was beclipped 01- ftraitly looked unto hy the foldiers. This is that Hamn1ond, as the King himfelf acknowledged at Windfor, unto Ad. A. who furniilied hin1 with that finutty ilieet Elencl:icus ; ,vhich accufed me of connivance with one How of Gloucefter!hire, about Arabella Scroop, one of the natural daughters of the Earl of Sunderland. I challenge the \vhole world, and both How and his wife, andHammond, to declarepublickly. if I had the lea/1: engagement, or did give the lcaft advertifcment of any meeting of theirs in the Spring-garden, or had any connivance or plot in their dcfign : all that

OF KrNG CHARLES I. 277 thatever I did, vvas a refolutionof t,vo, or three hora1y quefl:ions, which promifedtheenjoymentof thewotnan. Not havingmet\Vith a fitopportunityof ti1e prefs, fince that Hander caft upon me, I took liberty herein to repeatthismatter; givingthat cavaliermymoll:hearty thanks, that in publick took the pains to vindicate my reputation: and although I never had thehappinefs, fincethathis vindicationof me, to fee hi1n; yetletmy acknowle<lgment of that hiscourtefy be accepted from hin1. Indeed, thatoracle of the law, whilfi: helived, Sir Robert Holborne,Knight,andmyfingularfriend, bothacquaintedmeoftheman, and his greatlabourtofiftoutthematterwholly, ere co!T\mitted to the prefs. The Lord guidemeinmyways, forIferioufiyproteft untopofterity, I never received fuch injllrious afperfions or calumnies, from thofe ,vho in reafon had caufe to bemy enemies, viz. theRoyalifts,asfron1 n1any ofour own party, or fuch as will or would be calledRoundheads. !lad not thevirtueandhonour of one not to be paralleled member of ParHament, been evermyfupportanddefender, I hadburied my conceptions infilence, andf111othered 111y endeavour-s in deep obfcurity. For really, fo great is myrcfpell: and affection -unto·this honouruble pcrlon, that 1' 3 we�e

278 ON THE LIFE AND DEATH

\Vere my fortune neceffitous (as GOD be thanked it is not) I dur!l: not, nay, I would not do any di{hone(l: or unbecorning action ; fearing it n1ight trench upon the honour of that all, and nothing but all gentle1nan, who lives only, and defires to live no longer, than he may ferve this con1monwealth, witho1.1t doing inju(l:ice to any particuliir perfon, or oppreffion, or any thing that is diihonorable to the com1nonwealth, Parliament, or army. 0, I abhor the incivility and abfurdity of one now in fo1ne authority for the Parli;i.ment, "vho hearing a fcandalous afperfion again!l: me, without further enquiry, protefted he ,vould be mine enemy, if l ever came before him, &c.

• Then his 1::nen1ies {hall 1neet hin1, and ' Marchinher place{hall beordainedabout 'him, an hoaft in a rr.anner of a ihield, • {hall be formed ; then !hall they fighten ' an oven front.'

When His Majefty was brought fro1n the Ille of Wight to Windfor, he was guarded before and behindt and on every fide, with feveral troops of horfe, fo that it was impoffible he (hould efcape; fo that it might \-Vdl be faid, he was in the n1idft of aQ oven, &c.

'After

OF KING CHARLES I. 279

• AfteJ' the White Kin,g {hall fall into a ' kirkyard, over a hall.'

We may jufrly \vonder, ho,v exactly this ,vas fulfilled in the death of King Charles, or the White King. 1"he trnth of it was thus : that fome few nights before his death, he ,vas brought to Whitehall, the regal feat of his progenitors : againft the d<ly of his death a fcaffol<l \Vas framed over ag,iinft the new BanqnetingHoufe, built by King James: and \Vhen the King went unto ex:ecution, a way or pa{[age was 1nade out at one of the weft windows for him, to pafs out unto the (caffold, where his head vvas cut off. So that very pertinently it ,vas prophefied, he fuould fall into a churchyard over a hall.

T. 4-

280 ON T'lfE D.EATI-I OF What manner of death the Arch•• bifhop of Canterb�ry fhoulq diet

Itmayappeartoall indifferentminded men,theverityandworthofafirologyby thisqueftion; fqrthereisnotanyam,ongft the wifeft of 1nen in this world could better have reprefe�ted the perfon and tondition of this old man, his prefent ftateand condition, and the manner of hisdeath, thanthispreferttfigureofhea,, yendoth. • • •

t See, lv.fr.Lilly's Chriftian Aftrology, 4to. Bein&

ARCHBISHOP LAUD. 281

'!3eing a man of the church, his afcen� dant is Capricornus, the cufp of the ninth hou�e : �aturn is lord of_ the fi�n, now 1n Anes his fall; a long tlme retrograde, and now pofited in the twelfthof the figure, or fourth from his a[cendant; fo that the heavens reprefent him in condition of mind, of a violent fpirit, turbulent and envious, a man in\folved in troubles, imprifoned, &c. Jupiter, a general fignificator of churchmen, doth fomewhat alfo reprefent his condition, being of that eminency he was of in our commonwealth. Jupite1� as you fee, is retrograde, and with many fixed ftars of the naturo of Mars and Luna : an argument he was deep laden withmisfortunes, and vulgarclamours, at thisprefent.

The Moon is lady of the fourthin the figure, butof the eighth as t9 his aften� dant : {he feparates from Saturn, and applies totheoppofiti9nofthe fun, near the �ufp of the eighth- houfe. Sol in a fiery fign; applying to an pppQfition of Mars, the difpofitor of the aged �ifhop: Mqrs being in an airy fign and human�1 frpm hence I judgedthathe fhouldnorP.ehanged, but fuffer a more noble kind ofdeqih, and that within the fpace of fi,c or fev�11 werks, C\l"thereabouts; becaufe the Moqn \varted f'rven de�rees ofthe; body of Mars. tie

23'2 Archbifhop LAUD's Character.

He was beheaded about the 1 oth of Ja� nuary following.

I write not thefe things as that I rejoiced :it his death; no, I do not: for I ever honoured the man, and naturally loved him, though I nc\'er had fi)eech or acquaintance with him. Nor do I write thefe lines without tears, confidering the great uncertainty of hu1nan affairs. lie was a liberal l\1recenas to Oxford, and produced as good manufcripts as any ·were in Europe to that univerfity, ,vhereby th3 learned n1uft acknowledge his bounty: Let his i1npei-fections be buried in filence. Mortuu1 efl; & de mortuis nil nifi 6onum. Yet I account him not a 1nartyr, as one afs did ; for by the fentencei of the greatefi: cot1rt of England, viz. the Parliament> he was bro1.1gI1i to his end,

P R E F A C E.

THE bare mention of the perfon, whofe Diary and Letters are now publifhed, may fufficiently fatisfy the world from ,vhence they originally came, and where they are ftill preferved. The copy, from whence thefe papers are publilhed, is in the hand-writing of Robert Plot, L. D. late profeffor of chy1niftry, chief keeper of the Afhmolean Mufreutn in the univerfity of Oxford, and fecretary -of the Royal Society; and was by him tranfcribed for the u{e of a near relation of Mr. Afhmole's, a private gentlen1an in Staffordfhire, who has been pleafed to think they may be acceptable tothe,vorld for their exacl:nefs andfingularity. They ,vere collated a few years fince by David Parry, M. A. of Jefus College in Oxford, and head-keeper of the fame place, who corrected from the original manufcript (a) fome few literal errors. The characterof Mr. Afhmoleisfowellkno\.vn,

(a) Inter lv!SS. Alhmol. Oxon. Num. 1136.and

THE PREFAC�.

atld fo excellently, though conciiely drawn in thefe papers, as well as in that article publifhed under his name, in the Supplement to the learned Mr. Collier's Hifrori� cal Dicl:ionary, partly extraeted fro1n thefe materials by the jufrly ,celebrated Mr. Edward Llwyd, fuperior bedel of divinity in the univerfity of Oxford, that no recommendation of an ob[cure editor can be of any fervice, after fo noted names. The ufefulnefs of this kind of works I !hall not defcant upon: but only fay thus much, That they let us into the fecret hill:ory of'the affairs of their feveral times; difcover the fprings of motion; and difplay many valuable, though minute circumll:ances overlooked, or unknown to our general Hifrorians ; and, to conclude all, fatiate our krgeft curiofity.

Newington, Feb. 17, 16-7.

CHARLES BURMAN.

IELIAS ASBl\.10LE, ,vas the fon and onlychildof Si1non Afh!nole of Litchfield, {adler, eldeft fon unto Mr. Tho1nas Afh1nole of the faid city, fadler, twice chlef bailiff of that corporation ; and of Anne, one of the daughters of Anthony Bowyer of the city of Coventry, draper, and Bridget his wiFe, only daughter to lVJr....... Fitch of Aufley in the �ounty of Vlarwick, gentleman.

I \vas born the 23d. of May 1617, (and as 1ny dear and good mother hath often told me) near half an hour after 3 o'clock in the morning.

vVhen I rectified my nativity, An.1647. I found it to be 3 hours 25 minutes 49 feconds A. l\1. the quarter <f' of JI afcending. B1,1t upon Mr. Lilly's rectification

THE LIFE: OF

tion thereof, Anno 1667, he makes ti1e quarter 36 afcending. I \Vas baptized_, th,e the 2d of June following, at St. Mary's church in Litchfield. My godfathers were 11r. Chriftopher Baxter, one of the proctors of the Bifhop's Court, and Mr....... Offey, facrift of the eathcdralchurch.

Before I was carried to church, it was agreed my name fhould be Thomas (as was my grandfather). But, when the minifier �ad name the child, 1ny god­ fat1ier Offey anf\vered Elias, at which his partners wondered; and being (at their return home) afked, why he focalled me, he could render no account, but that it came fuddenly into his mind, by a more than ordinary impulfeof fpirit. My godmother's name was Mrs. Bridges,

When I was about a year old, and fet by the fire, I fell into it, and burned the right fi<le! of my forehead, it re!l:ingupon the iron bar of the grate (of whicha fear always re1naine<l) but my good mother being near, prefently took me up, and applied iomething for my cure.

I had the finall-pox (yet but few) as alfo the fwine-pox and the n1eafies, "'hen I was young; but know not the certain time of either.

Being about 8 or 1o years old (but the year I cannot reme1nber) 1ny 1nother and

ELIASASHMOLE,Es� �89

and Iwere invited tomy Coufin Black� burn'sinLong Parifh; atthattimethey werebuildingof abarn, andIgettingup byladders tothe topthereot,felldo,vn; in whichfallthe infideof myrightknee ftruck againft theedge of agreatbeam, ,vhichtherebyreceived a deeptrianglilar gafh, of whichIlayalongtimebeforeit \.\lastl1t"ed.

Ja1nes Pagit, Efq; fome time Puifhe Baronof the Exchequer, tnarried tohis fccondwife, Bridget,oneof mymother's fifters, and widow to ..... lvloyre, a confectionerinLondon. Hehadafifl:er, who firft was 1narried to Dr. Mailers Chancellor of Litchfield; and after, to Dr. Twifden his fucceffor in the faid Cnancellorfhip.

ThomasPagithisfecondfon(thechief inftrument of my future preferments, ,vhich I acknowledge with all gratitude to his memory) being much beloved of hisaunt Tvvifden, ca1ne often to Litchfield, ,vhen he \Vas young; whofe ftay there, as it occafioned an acquaintance withn1ymother(fifterto hismother-inlaw)fo it begatin him an affectiontowards me; infon1uch, as ha\'ing given fomegoodcharacter of metohisfather, hebecameinclined tohavemefentupto London: And becaufe he and his fons vveregreatlyaffectedto1nufick, andvery U ,veil

�90

T·nE LIFE OF

well fkilled therein, he was delirous l fhould. fpend part of my time at the mu-fick fchool (having before fpent all at the grammar fchool): and being competently grounded therein, I became a chorifter in thecathedralchurch, where I remained till the faid Baron fent for me up to his houfe.

Mr. Meffcngcr, and after him Mr. Toby lienchman taught me Latin.

Mr. Henry Hinde, organift of the cathedral, whodied. the 6th of AuguO:, 1641. taught 1ne the virginets and organ.

1633. The 2d of July I began my journey from Litchfield: my father and mother brought me onward to the far end of Baffet's heath.

The 5th of July, about 11 o'clock before noon, I entred London.

16 July, the before-mentioned Mrs. ·Twifden 4,ied of the iliaca pajjio, and was buried the T8th following, in Litchfield. cathedral, in a chapel on the right hand of the Lord Baffet's to1nb; where was a monument for Dr. Mailers and herfelf. but broken do,vn by the foldiers in the Parliament \'Var.

4October, Mr. John Perfon, a phyfician in Coventry (\�'ho had my mother's eldefr fifter) was buried.

1634. • My father died abou.t eleven o'clock before 110011.

ELIASASHMOLE, Es� 291

22. Mr. Simon Martin's letter, which gave me notice of his death, bears date, the 22d of June.

My father was �orn upon a Whitfunday in the morning.

He was bred up by his father to his trade; yet when he came to man's eftate, followed it but little : He more affected war, than his profeffion, and fpent 1nany of his years abroad, which drev; on him a courfe of expences and ill-hnfuandry. His firft voyage was into Ireland, with Robert Earl of Effex, Anno r59 ... Two other voyages he afterwards n1ade, \Vith. his fon, Robert Earl of Effex into the Palatinate, from whom he received good refpect. He was an honeft fair conditioned man, and kind to others ; yet through ill hufuandry, became a great enemy to himfelf and poor family.

16;5. In this year I was taught on the harphchord, by Mr. Farmelow, \vho lay in St. Michael's church-yard in Cornhill, and continued learning with him till 3t Jan. 1635-6.

11 July. I came to live at l\.1ount-Plea• fant, near Barnet, and frayed there the reft of the fnmmer.

1637. Augufr 2r. I came to Smallwood, to l\t1r. Peter Mainwaring·s, to alk his c0nfent to marry his daughter.

U2 Se >tem•

292

TRE L J F E OF

September 4. The fecond time I went to S1i1aUwood.

• 1 6. I returned to Loridon.

• t638, Jan. 23. I came from Mr. Juftinian Pagitt.

March 27. 1 \Vas married to Mrs. Eleanor Mainwaring, eldeft daughter to Mr. Peter Mainwaring, and Jane his wife, of Smallwood in Coin. Cc.fr. gent. She proved a virtuous good wife. The n1arriage was in St, Benedict's church, near Paul's Wharf, by Mr. Adams, parfon there.

, July 16. I and my wife went towards her father's in Chefhirc, about four, pojl V!crid. where hearrived the 22dof July.

30. I took pofleffion of n1yhoufo at Litchfield.

: September 10. MyuncleThomasAfhmole, <.aufcdaprivyfeffions to becalledat �itchfield, ,vhereby I had fo1ne trouble about my houfe there : The bill was found ignoramus.

October 8. Icame to London.

In Michaelmas term J began to folicit in Chance1y, and had inditferent good praftice.

December 20. I went from London towards Chefhire.

Thistern1.I preferreda billinChancery againft my uncle Thon1as A!hmole.

ELIAS ASI-fMOLE, Eso..: 293

1639. Jan.28. IreturnedfromSmallwoodtoLondon.

About the beginningof March, Catherine wife to n1y brother Iv!r. Peter Main\varing, and one of th� daughters ii.ndcoheirsofMr.Ne,vtonofPo,Vnallin corn.Cell:.caP1etof-µJlage.

March 5. Pofl merid. my fi!l:er Ann Miiinwaring, wasbroughtto bedof her firl\:child.

InTrinityterm (�s Ithink)I became acquainted with Dr. Tho1nas Cademah the�een'sphyfician: Aqoutthebeginning of July, PeterVenables, Baron of Kindertonwrotetome, totakeupon me themanagementof his lawbufin�rs.

Auguft 1. I,ventfromLondontowards Smallwood • 5. IarrivedatSmalhvood.

October 12. I and =ny wife returned towards London, b.eginnipg our journey fromSmalhvoodthisday.

October 20. Ibegantokeephoufe, beingarrivedatLondon, thisday.

. 1640� Jan. 11. Mywife's filterMrs. Mary l'viainwaring, fell ill of an ague, fi.ndhaving ha,q five nts;

20. Shetookherlied.

Febrqary 6. 1 Po.fl merid. She die<l, andwas·buried irithechqrchof St. ClementDanes, nearthe entranceinto the fhancel, Shehadavc1:yl��ndfon1e fL111CU 3 ral,

294

THE L I F E OJ'

ral, with efcutcheons of her anns, in a lozenge, pinned upon her velvet pall.

18. My coufin Philip Mainwaring (a younger fon of the houfe of Keringham) married Mary the daughter and coheir of Sir John Ivliller of Iflington.

May 14. Mr. Drivermarried Mrs. Miller, theother coheir.

April 4. I took lodgings in St. Clement's Lane.

May 19. My wife was brought to bed of a female child, frill-born, about noon, which was buried the next day.

June 9· I was prefcnted to the Lord KeeperFinch, andon the 12th, entertained by him upon the recommendation of my worthy fnend Dr. Cademan.

About thebeginning of September, my wife fell ill of a fever.

October 3 1. I removed myfelf to a chamber in the Middle Temple, in Elm Court, lentme by Mr. Thomas Pagit.

December 11. Joan Morgan, my maid, died of the fmall pox.

1 641. January 18. I began myjourney from Smallwood to London.

28. I entered London.

February 4. Mr. Hill moved me to an agreement with my uncle Thomas Afumole.

February 6. I was ad1nitted of Cle.. ment's Inn.

February,

ELIAS ASHMOLE, EsQ..:. 295

February 1 1. I was fworn an attorney in the.court of Common Pleas. . � ..

April 22. \¥illiam Clark came toLondon to be my ferVJ:iht, h� conti�ued \.vith me until 1645.

24. He came to d,,vell w�th me.

May. About the beginning of Mt\y, my maid Elizabetl1 Coley feH fick of the plague, but efcaped.

3.I bqrrowed of 111Y coufin Riplingha,n 70/. and paid it 29 June.

June 2 !. My brother Main"?aring r�ceived 200/. from Mr. Simon Tves, upo11 a mortgage of Smallwood.

22. � was bound ,vith my brother, fqr performance of �ovenants, about the h�ginning of }'!In�. Towards the end of Trinity Term I was fick for 3or 44�YS i

Augu/l: 1 1. I went tq Win4fqr, upqq fome bufinefs for Dr. Ca��man, being fhe firft tin1e I faw that caftle.

September ·20'. I a!14 'my wife \.Ve11t t9wards Smallwood.

:?3· \1/e �ame t<> �itch�eld.

October r 2. My wife quicl,;ened.

October 25. I went towards London, leaving my wife bel1ind me; Qecaufe big yvith child.

29. I came to London.

30. I came to lodge in my cham_ber �t Clement's Inn.

296

THE LIFE OF

December5. Mydearwifefellfu<l.denly fick aboutevening, anddied (to my owngrief,and.thegriefofallherfriends). Shewasburied thenextnightaboutnine of the clockin the Aftbury church in Chc!hire, nearthe entranceofthefouth aifleofthatchurch, viz. theWeftendof that ain-e.

December14. I wentfromLondontowardsCheihire.

16. ArrivingatLitchfield� Ifirftheard of mywife'sdeath. Shewasa virtuous, modefl:,careful, andlovingwife: heraffectionwasexceedinggreat towardsn1e, aswas mineto her, whichcaufed us to livefohappilytogether. Norwas I leis belovedandefreemedbothby her father al}dmother, infomuch asl.\therfuner:tl, hermother fitting near the corps, withtears,profeffedtothe.BaronofKinderton's lady (whoaftertoldittome) andothers prefent, thatfhe knew not whetherfhe lovedmeorheronlyfonbetter.

18. I cametoSmqllwood.

164'.l. Janua1y IQ: I vifite<lmy dear wife'sg.rave.

Januaryr8. Icamefro1nSmallwood.

28. IarrivedatLondon.

February3. Mr.JufrinianPagithaving propoied to 1neo,ne.nf his clerk's placesin the l\r;Ji Prius office the 1oth �ayof December laft; but finding the terms

ELIAS ASI-I�10LE, Es<l:_ 297

terms too hard, I this day refigned it up.

March7. Iremoved mygoods tomy chamberatClement'sInn,andlaythere.

Augu!\:9. Mr. Hutchinfon of Clement'sInn, and myfelf, tookajourney, firft to fee my old fchool-mafter Mr. Hinchman, atDrayroninBuckinghan1ihire, thentoOxford, fointoHampfhi.re, andth�ncetoLondon.

29. Thetroubles inLondon growing great, I refolvedtoleavethecityandretireintothe country: andthisday I fet forwarq from London towardsChefhire, to my father-in-law's houfe of Smallwood.

November 1643. Sir Thomas Mainwaring,RecorqerofReading,w�sknighted. Imarriedhis·widowin 1649.

April 17. l[wenttowardsLon.don·with mycoufinMainwaringof Caringfuam,

25. Ica1netoLondon.

• May. 8. I camefromLondon.

17 jarrivedatSmallwood.

July 2. I"vent towards Long Witton inNorthumberland.

12. I cameijrl'ttoNewcaftlewiththe youngBaron qf Kinderton.

17. I returned intoChefhirewiththe Baronof Kinderton'�lady.

z 1 , V\'e came in�o Cbe!lure.

;98

THE LIFE. OF

The reft ofthefumtner. I fpent ;tt Kinderton, in affifting Mrs. Venables, to get <?fftheBaron'sfaqueftration; butwecould not prevail.

Octob. r6. I \Venta fecondjourneyinto the North.

2i. I returned to·wards Chefuire.

r645. The heginning of this year (asillfO part of the laft) was fpent at Oxford by Mr. Hill of Litchfield, and myfelf, in foliciting the Parliament there againft Colonel Bagot, Governor of Litchfield, for oppofing the execution of the King's Commiffion of E:xcife (Mr. Hill and myfelfbeing Commi0ioners:) whereup0n.

January 8. a letter was fent to feti;h the Cplonel thither.

Feb. 3. Mr. Hillreturned to Litchfield.

Mar. 22. Ifirftbecameacquaiutc::d with CaptainWharton, betweeneightandnine in the morning.

Apr. 17. Captain Wharton moved me to be one of the four gentlemen of the Ordnance in the Garrifon of Oxford, 1 1 ante merit{.

lviay 9. I was entereq a gentleman of the Ordnance, 9 ante mf1rid.

15. I \Vas affronted by a foldier at my: battery at Dover-Peer, but had fatiffuRioo.

Sept. r. Iwas very.much troubledv.:ith my eye for a week.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, EsQ.: 1199

14, I chriftened Mr. Fox's fon at Oxford, 4 pef/ meridiem.

16. Mrs. Henchm�n dieq, my fchoolmafter's wife.

17. Thi� afternoop. Sir JQhn Heydon, Lieutenant ofth.eOrdnaqce, began to exercife my gunners in Magdalen Meadows.

Octob. 8. Mr. Wh�1ton was made a, Captain of Horfe,

1 2.' I faw Mrs. M�rc1' in Brazen-Nofe Library, being prqught thither by Cap.. tain Swingfield, 2 pojj 11J,erid. This qay Mr. Meri<;k made it motion to me to·be a Commiffioner of the Excife atWorcefrer.

Dec. 8. I was recpm{Ilended to be Com• miffioner for th.e Excife at Worcefter, unkqown to me; which when I knew; ·1 accepted, and prepared for my journey �ither:.

16. The King caufed Mr. ----to be out of the Co1nmiffion of Excife, and mine to be infer.ted in his place.

19. 2 pojl merid. Mr. Swingfield and myfelf recelved the Commiffion of Excife from the Cl�rk of the Crown�

21. Sir John Heydon gave me a letter of recom1nendation to my Lord Afhley at Worce!l;er, of which this is a copy.

My LORD, 'T

H I S bearert one of the gentlemen ' of the Ordnance to th.e garrifon

• of

300

THE L IFE or

� of Oxford, having an employn1ent in ' yourLor<l!hiP.'sgovern1nent, by the Par' liarnenthere put upon him, out of h,s

• defire to be n1ade knownand ferviceable

• to your L-Ordlhip, hath intre�ted my ' mediation and atteHation, to \vhofe

• pcrion, indufl:ry, and n1erits, during

• thetime he hath heen interefred inhis

' lVIajefty'sfe1wice, under my furvey, I can

·• no leis than reco,nmcnd hin1 to your

• Lordlhip's favour, as an able, diligent

• and faithf1.1l man, wherein your Lord­

' lhip may bepleafodto believe

1 YourLordfi1ip's,

' Moft affectionate ferva1�t�

'JOHN HEYDON.'

Dec. 22, I took my journey from Oxford to Worcefter, to ant. mena. with Sir Charles Lucas.

23. 8 ant. merid. I arrivedatWorcefter:

27. 11 Hor. I 5 min. ant. meria. l\tlr. Jord:anfvlayor of \Vorceil:er, lVIr. Swing.field, and my!elf; tookthe Oathas Com.. miffioners of Excife in the Town-Hall, l,lnd thence went unto the office, and entered upon the execution of the comn1iffion. The com1nill1011 bears tefte t11e 1 5th of Dccen1berpreceding� ..

ELI,'\.S ASHIV[OLE, EsQ..: 30�

1046. Jan. i. 8 Ifor. ante merid.Jde� livered 1Sir John Heydon's l<::tter to n1y lJ ord Afhley, who pron1iled me all kindnefs, and to fix me in the Train. of Ar-tille.ry in the Garrifon.

3d. 3 Hor. pqjl merid. lv1r. Jordan, the J\1ayor of Worcefter, l\tlr. Francis G_;;ave,· }\,fr. John 5wingfield, and myfelf, the three Co1nm1ffioners of the Excife ; being; met at Worcefter, Mr. Gera1d n1oved .to have me Re:::eivcr and Regiftei:, ant11A1r. Swingfitlr.l to be Comptroller; vvh.it:h \\·as :agreed unto.

Jan. 19. I firft heard of my mothe� Mainwaring's death fro1n Mrs. Mary Brereton, 1ny Lord Brere'tou's daught�r.

March 12. 1 Jlor. pofl mtrid. I received 1ny co1n1niffion for a Capt..inihip in the Lord Aihley's regiment.

Apr. 18. A new coinmiffion for th� Excite came to Worcefrer.

21. Colonel Baldwin, Mr. Swingfield, and myftlf, took our oaths to the faicl comn1iffion, 1 1 Hor. 40 minutes 011ft merid.

27. I ,vas chofen Regifter to the faid. co1n1niffion, 1 Hor. 30 n1inutes poji1nerid:

23. l\1r. Yardley was (worn one of oµr clerks, 3 hour po.ft 111erid. upon my recommendation. This Mr. Yardley was one of the choir of V,'orcefter, after the fur� render of the ga.rrifon my fervant fome

• years,

302

THt LI F E or years, and uport the King's rettt1n, made one of the gentlemen of his chapel.

May 19. 5 Hor.pef! merid. walking in the fields at Worcell:er, ·where fome were fhooting at Rovers, an arro"v ftruck very near me, but I efcaped hurt : thanks be to God.

22. 10 ante merid. Sir Ralph Clare moved me to take a command about the Ordnance in the fort of Worcefter.

June 12. I entered upon my com1nand as Comptroller of the Ordnance.

18. r Hor. 10 minutes pqfl merid. I receivedmy commiffion from Colonel Wafuington.

July 14. Lichfield-Clofewasfurrendered to the Parliament.

July 24. Worcefter was farrendered; and thence I rid out of town according to the articles, andwent to my father Mainwaring in Chefuire.

July 3r. Mr. Richard Harrifon, minifter of Tetnal formerly, and afterwards of Litchfield, told me of 1ny mother's death, and that {he died about the 8th or 9th of July, of the plague not long before, that city being vifited this fum1ner. She v:as a difcreet, fober, provident woman, and with great patience endured many afiiictions. Her parents had given her exceeding good breeding, and fhe was excellent at her needle; which (my father . being 1 1mpro-

ELIAS ASHMOLEj EsQ.: 303

improvident) {l:ood her !in great ftead. She wascompetentlyread in divinity, hiftory, and poetry; and ,vas continually infl:illing into my ears fuch religious and moTal precepts, as my younger years were capable of, Nor did {he ever fail to correct my faults, always adding fharp reproofs and good lectures to boot. She was much efteemed of by perfons of note withwhom {hewas acquainted. She lived in much friendfhip among herneighbours. and left a good name behind her. In fine, fhewastruly religious and virtuous.

Octob. 16. 4 Hor. 30 minutes pojl tnerid, I was made a Free-Mafon at \1/arrington in Lancafuire, with Colonel Henry Mainwaring of Karticham in Che01ire ;, the names of thofe that were then at the lodge, Mr. Richard Penket Warden� Mr. James Collier, Mr. Richard Sankey. Henry Littler, John Ella1n, and Hugh Brewer.

Oct. is- I left Chefbire� al').d came to London about the end of this month. 'Viz. the 30th dll.y, 4 Hor. pofi merid. About a fortnight or !tree weeks before I came to London, \1,. Jonas Mo9rQ brought and acquai11ted rne with M1\ Willia1n Lilly: it was on a Fridaynight, and I think on the 20th of Nov.

Dec. 3. This day, at noon, I firft be.. came acquainted with, Mr...JQhn Booker. z2.

T1-1E· LIFE OF

22. I \Vasinvited by Mrs. lvlarch, t<J keep my Chrifu�s with her at Limehoufe, whichIdid.

23. 4 Hl}r. 30minutesIwentthither. l647. Feb. 10. A boil broke out of mythroat, undermyrightear.

14. Themathe1naticalfeaftwas at the White-Hart in the Old-Bailey, where I dint:d,

Mar. 1. I firftmoved theLadyMainwaring, inwayof marriage, andreceived afairanfwer, thoughnocondefcenfion.

Apr. 14. I went to Sir Arthur Mainwaring's1 withtheLadyMainwaring.

May25. Iwentto,vardsBradfield,

27. 8 Hor. ante merid. Mr. Humphry9traffordandIwentintoBradfieldHoufe.

Jun. 12. I went from St. James's to Engle-field, to tablewithAntipafs Chervjngton; and the next morning about eightof theclockIoatnetohishoufe.

14. Ifirft became acquaintedwithDr. Wimberley,minifterofEngle-field, 3 Hor. poJl 111erid.

16. I /for. pqfl merid. it pleafed God to put meinn1ind, thatIwasnowplaced in the condition I always defired, which w'as, that I might be enabled to iive to myfelf andftu<lies; without beingforced totakepainsforalivelihoodintheworld. And feeing I am thus retired, according to my heart's de.Ii.re, I befeech God to blefs

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� 305

blcfs me in myretirement, and to profper my ftudies, that I ttlay faithfully and diligently ferve him, and in all things fubmit to his v.,ill: and for the peace and happinefs I enjoy (in the mid{t of bad times) to render him all humble thanks, and for what I attain to in the courfe of 1ny ftudies, to give him the glory.

June 25. ElcveJ'\. Hor. ante 1;iertil. the LadyMainwaring gaveme a ring enameled with black., ,vhereon was this pofy: ' A ' true Friend's Gift.'

28. 7 Hor. I 5 minutes po_fl merid. I fell ill, and 1 o l-Ior. 30 .minutespofl,nerid. took my bed. I ,vas pained in my head, reins, thighs; and taking a carduuspolfet at night, and f,vcating upon it, I mended.

July t. This day I \vas much pained in my head and eyes.

12. I went to,Yards London.

2J. The Lady Mainwaring enteredupon her iointure-lands.

26. Ten Ho,·. ante merid. I began to be fick, and 5 1-lor. 1 5 minutes pofl merid. I took my bed : the difeafe happened to be a violent fever.

30. About 2 Hor.pofl men'd. (as I was afterwards told) tvlr. Humphry Stafford, the Lady \Iainvvaring's fecond fon (fufpefl-ing I fhould mai'ry bis 1nother) broke into n1y chalnber, and had like to have killed tne, but Chriftopher Smith \VithX held

·306 T�E.!-,_IfE OF,,..·, heldh�mbyforc;.e ;- forn·hichallrerfons exceedingiy'ofamect-hnn..inregartl'Jtwas thoughtIwasneardtath;'ancfJ�nc"v nobody. Godbebleiledfoi·this<l _ eli�erance.

Aug.1-l\Vasintheextremityof1ny fever,fenfelcfsandraging:

14. Beingfon1ewhatn1endcd of' my fever,Ithisdaygotup. Aboutthis ti1netheLadyl'vlainwaringfellintoa fever,andCaptainWhartonhadthe plague.

• .

25. WasthefirftdayIwentdown fl:airi..

31.Iwasveryfaintandillagain.

Septcmb. 2. Ifellillagain,andbecamelightinmyhead.

9.Itookapurge,whichwroughtvery \\•ell,anilmended.

2 _ 8.IwenttovifittheLadyJ\1ain\vanng.

Ocl:ob.26.Ifellfickofaquartan ;igue,atMr.Stafford's,havingbeeninvitedtheretodinner.

Novem. 11. IwenttowardsLondon, andcatne.thitherthenextdaybynoon.

25.Myagueleft1ne.

30.TheLadyMainwaringcameto liveatherhonfeatBradfield.

Dec.16.Being1nuchtroubled,vith ph1eg1n,Itookanopeningdrinkfro1n Dr.Wharton.

ELIAS ASHMOI.1f, Es� 307

1648. January r4. I went to\vards Bradfield from London.

Feb. 25. I ;vas very ill as I went to Theale.

28. Very fick in. the afternoon.

March 2. Being at Pangbome, I was very ill there.

12. Captain vVharton taken in his bed 3 f-IQr. ante merid. he was carried to Ne\vgate, 6 Har. pef/ merid.

May 11. I entertained John Fox into my fervice.

22. The Lady Mainwaring fealed me a leafe of the parks at Bradfield, worth --per ann.

June 6. Havingentered upon the ftudyof plants, this day, about three of _ the clock,

\\•as the firfr time I went a fi1npling. Dr. Carter of Reading, and Mr. Watlington an apothecary there, accompanying me.

29. The Lady Mainwaring fealed me a leafe of the field mead, worth fifty pounds per annum.

Augu!l: 26. Captain Wharton made an efcape out of Newgate.

29. I began my journey to;vards Briftol, \vith Mr. Hutchinfon.

3 r. \Ve came to Briftol.

Sept. 6. \�le returned to Bradfield.

Ocrober 23. Going towards London, I was robbed in Maidenhead Thicket, 5 Har. po.ft nierid.

308

THE LIFE OF

Nov. 6. }JaYing fcveral times before made application to the Lady Mainwaring, in \vay of n1arriagc s this day, 11 Hor. 7 n1inutes ante ml!rid. fhe pron1ifed menot to m;.rrry any 1nan, unlcfs n1yklf.

_ 1 o. Two Hor. 1 5 1ninutcs ptjl mend. fhe fealed a contract of 1narriage to n1e.

15. I was fequeftert:d of 1ny lands in Berkfhire.

21. The fequeftration ,vas taken off at Reading.

Decemb. 5, 1649. The Lady Mainwaring ,vas ieqneftered by the committee of Reading, upon her fon Hu1nfrey Stafford's information.

Feb. 14. An order for receiving the Lady :Vfainwaring's rents.

April 7. Eleven Hor. 30 minutes ant. merid. Icame toI'v!r. 'vVathngton·shoufe to table, ,vho ,vas an apothecary in Reading, and a very good botanifi:.

2.5. Tvly journey to the phyfick garden in Oxfor<l.

l\1.-:y 8. I was godfather to Elias Yardly at Reading.

• June 3. '1his afternoon I kii1�d the Duke of Glonceil:cr aac! IJizabeth's hand.,, at Sion Houle.

i\ug. r. Theailrologer� f:.'.afl: ;;t PaintersIlall, wher..: I din..:d.

Octob. 16. I accon1p:..n1c.d the Lady !viainwaring to London.

ELIAS ASHlVIOLE, Es� 309

3r. The ailrologers feaft.

Nov. 16. Eight J{,;r. ante 111erid. I 1narried the LadyMain,varing. \1/e were 1nan·icd in Silvt:r-Strcet, London.

20. I was arrefl:ed by lvfr. Ives for n1y brotherlVIain,varing's debt.

2 r. Captain \Vharton ,vas re-taken and carried to priion.

Decen1. 19. I agreed v.rith i\1r. l\1yne, for printing 1ny Fakiculus Chc1nicus.

21 . I firft began to learn to diflccl: a body.

1650. Feb. i8. l met Mr. Ives, and we came to an agrce1ncnt.

June 3. Mr. Lilly and myf�lf, went to vifit Dr. Ardee, at his houfe in the Minories.

IS· Myfelf, my ,vife, and Dr. Wharton, went to vifit Mr. John Tredefcant, at South-La1nbeth.

21. I and my,vife \Vent to\vards Bradfield.

22. Ten Hor. 30 minutes ar,te 1nerid. we arrived there.

24. l\1r. William For/1:cr c\lld his Lady came to vifit us.

i5. I and Captain \Vharton ,vent to vifit him at Ru!hall.

26. Nine 1-Ior. 4z minut<;s po.ft 1JJ•rid. ,,ve arrived at London. • July �- Six Hor.po.fl merid. I ,vas forved ,vith,ajuilpan4atSir1-iumfreyForftcr'sfuit. X 3

29.

310

THE LIFE or

29. Much troubled .with the toothach, on my right fide.

Aug. 8. l being at the aftrologers fea,ft, two Hor. pojlmerid. I was chofen fteward . for the following year.

Captain Wharton having been carried to the Gate-Houfe the 21ft of November lafr, the next day after, I went to Mr. Lilly, and acquainted him therewith, who profe!fed him[elf very forry, becaufe he knew Bradiliaw intended to hang him; �nd moft generonfiy (forgetting the quarrels that had been bet.veen the Captain and hi1n) promifed me to ufe his inte1'eft with Mr. Bulfl:rode Whitlock (his patron) t9 obtain his releafe. I thought it was prudent to have my name then (as the times ftood) not to appear in print as the infrrument that wrought Mr. Lilly to do this kindnefs for him ; and therefore in CaptainWharton's Epifileto the reader before his Almanack, in 165 r, wherein his publick ac}snowledgments• are made of Mr. Lilly's affiftance in this ftrait, all acknowledgments to me are omitted; tho' in truth, I was the only perfon that moved and induced, and confiandy folicited Mr. Lilly to perfect his enlargement : having at all times, fince my return to London, anno 1646, befriended Captain Wharton, not only'in difcovering all �efigns that I heard were laid agai,p� him,

--

ELIA"S' ASHMOL'El;

Es� 3i1-

hhitn, eitner·atMr. T..ilJyr s· or-elfewhere, but l).l!o affonling him my' pu1fe ffeely and hberally, t()\vards his fuppartin many nece"lfttous occ:ifions. Upon l\.{r. Lilly's, application to Mr. \IVhitlock, he advifed, that the Captain fhould lie quiet, ,vithout making the leall: complaint : at;id afte-r Chrifl:mas, ,.vhen his being a prifoner vvas alinoft forgotten, Brad{haw out of the way, and Mr. Whitlock Chairman to the council of ftate; Mr. Lilly �,aving a1foby this ti1ne, made fome other of the, faid council the Captain's frien.ds (upon his petition) he v,as difcharged ; no other engage'l1ent being taken frotn hin1, but that he would not thenceforward write againft the Parliament or State. IIere-. upon he became utterlyvoid of all fubfiftence (which ,vhilft he \Vas under trou-• bles, fon1e or other contributed unto, beficles ,vhat he got by writing againftthofe ti1nes) and thereupon, confulting with ,ne, about a new courfe of lif�, and how he might fubfift, I frankly of� fe�·e:i him tny"houfe at Bradfield in Berksf for him, 11is \vife and fa,nily, to live at,Vl'ith fome otl1�r advant;iges there; whichhe n1ofi: gladly and thankfully acce15ting, he went thithe1', and pail: his tin1e ,vit!i quiet and comfort for the 1'J101J: part, tilt his i'vlajefi:y v.·as reil:ored to the Crol.vn� and hereupon he ftiled me in his Alm-.!:. X 4 nack

�12 . Tt-JE

LIFE ot

nack for the year 1653, his ' Oaken • Friend.'

Aug. 13. I bought of Mr. Milbourn all his books and mathematical inftruments.

r4. Eight Hor. 30 minutes po.fl merid. I bought Mr. Hawkins's books.

October 18. I put in a plea and <lemur to Sir Hu1nphn;y Forfter's bill.

Nov. 1 • My coufin Bridget S1nart (only daughter to my uncle !\nthony Bowyer) was buried.

12. I agreed with Mr. Lyfter for his houfe in Black Friars, \yhere I aft�rwl3.tds dwelt.

23. Two Hor. po.fl merid. he fealed me a leafe of the faid houfe at forty-four pounds per ann.

26. Po.fl merid. I cam.e thither tQ dwell.

I65 r. Jan. I. I fell into a great loofenefs, ,vhich turned into a fever, but mended next day.

7. Captain Wh�rton returned from Bradfield, whether I fent him to receive my rents.

16. Four Hor.po.fl merid. my dernurrer againfi Sir Humfrey Forfter's bill was argued, and held good.

22. About this time my left 1ide of my peck began to break forth, occafioned by !having my beard with a b�d razor. l 22.

ELIA"S ASHMOLE, Eso..i 313

22. About this time I grew mel:incholly and dull, and heavy in my limbs and back.

About this time I began to learn fealgraving, ca!l:ing in fand, and goldfmiths )VOtk.

Feb. 1. Three Hor. 30 minutes pofl merid. I agreed with Mrs. Backhoufe of London, for her dcceafed hufband'sbooks.

Marchl. I went to Maidftone with Dr. Chil the phyfician. And 3 I-for. poji 1nerid. I fir.ft b::came acquainted with Dr. Flood.

1 8. This night my maid's bed was on fire; but I rof� quickly (and thanks to God) quenched it.

April 3. Pc.ft merid. Mr, William Backhou{e of Swallo\vfield in com. Berks, caufed me to call him father thencefor. ward.

20. Five Hor. 30 minutes po/1 merid. my father Backhoufe brought n1e acquainted with the Lord Rutbin, who \.Vasa moft ingenious perfon.

June 10. Mr. Backhoufe told me I· muft now needs be his fon, becaufe he had con1municated fa many fecrets to me.

Jt\ly 2 r. ·1 _gave Mr. Grifmond my 1:'he11trum Che111icu111Britannicum to print.

Auguft 1 r. Captain Wharton went to receiv� my ·rents at Bradfield.

Aug. 14.

,

3 l 4

THE LIFE OP'

Anguft 14. The Aftrologers feaft at Painters Hall, London.

This night about one of the clock, I fell ill of a furfeit, occa!ionedbydrinking \Yater 4fter venifon. 1 was greatly opprefled in myftomach; and next day l\lir. Saunders the Aftrologian fent me a piece of Briony root to hold in n1y hand ; and within a qµarter of an hour, 1nyftomach w·as freed of that great oppreffion, which nothing which I took fro1n Dr. Wharton cpulii <lo before.

About this timemybrotherPeter Main.. . waring's wife died.

Septeml:>er r I. Captain Wharton ·went to receive 1ny rents. ,

22. 1\tlr. Vaughan began to engriive the' picturesinNorton'sOrdinal. Hewrought and fini01ed all the cµts for mv 'l'heatrum-� Chemicum Britannicum, at my houfe in Black-Friar$,

30. Captain Wharton arrefl:ed : I and Mr, Grifmond, bail.

October 9. My father Backhoufe and I went to fee Mr. Goodier1 the great botanift, at Petersfield.

20. Mr. Lilly gave me feveralold;iftrological manufcripts.

November 10. About four pqft nzerid. my ,vife's elddtfon, Mr. Edward Stafford. died. l I,

ELIAS ASHl\10hE,- EsCl! 3t5

I 1• Ten po.ft merit/. he '\va� .buried in Bradfield church. • '

12, Sir John Backhoufe of S,:vallo\vfiel<l's w.ido�v died.

December 7. q'wo hor.po.ft 1nerid. Dr. Paget lent me feveral Chym;cal manufcripts: and here began my acquaintance with him.

19. I font Captain Wharton to receive my rents at Bra<lfield.

1652. January 21. The gum at the back end of the right fide of 1ny upper jaw cleft; {'lt1d about nine hor. pef} 1nerid. l felt a new tooth coming up.

26. Six hor. po.ft merid. the fir!l: copy of my 'I'heatrum Chemicum Britannicunz was fold to the Earl of Pembroke.

�9- Ten hor. ante merid. Mr. Lilly gave me his picture in oil colours, of which tl}.�re never had been copy taken.

February 11, Two hor. forty-five mint}tes po.ft?flerid. the ftatute of 3000/. and Mr. Stafford's counterpart. of his Jeafe of my wife's jointure was delivered to 1ne, by direetion of Sir Arthur Main"varing's lady, who had been truil:ed with it.

About this time I began to learn .E-Iehrew qf Rabbi Solomon Frank.

March I. I fell fick of the hea<lach and a cold, which continued five weeks.

8. Six hor. fifteen minutes onte 1111:rid. Dr. \1/h;i,rtoq let rµe b?oo�.

Jr6 Tu� LIFB OF .. - .. ..

r:,. This morning my fathet Backhoufe opened himfelf very freely, touching the great fecret.

April 9. I paid my rnan John Fox his \vages, and difcharged him of my fervice.

12. This morning I received 1nore fat1sfaction from my father Backhoufe, to the queftions I propofed.

I font Captain Wharton to Bradfield to receive my rents.

27. I \vent to the feffions at Newbury, ,vhere Colonel Evelin, governor of VvalIingford (being Jet on by Sir l-1un1frey Forfi:er) was exceeding bitter againft me, to the wonder of thevvhole court.

!\lay 28. The inquifition upon n1y ftatute of 3000/. was four.cl at Maidenhead. J and n1y ·wife tabled this fu1nn1er at l\-ir. Tradefcant's.

June 14. r I Hor. ante merid. Dr. \Vilkins and Mr. Wren came to vifit me at Black Friars : this was the firft titne I fawthe dottor.

23. Captain Wharton was fent to receive my rents; and July 16, brought his wife and family to Bradfield.

Aµguft 2. I went to Maidftone afilzes to hear the witches tried� and took l\1r. Tredefcant with me.

16. I went towards Ch�fhire.

26. Dr. vVharton fell fick of a via.lentand dangerous fever about noon. 28.

E�IAS ASHMOLE, Es� 317 .. � . - .

iS''. I arrJved at Ga\--vfwortl)., ,vhere my father-in-law, Mr. Main,vllring then lived.-

September 1 t. Young John Tredefcant died..

15. He was buried in Lambeth Churchyard by bis grand.father.

23. I took a journey into the Peak, in fearch of plants, and other curiofities.

27. 1 can1c to Mr. John Tompfon's, who chvelt near Dove Bridge; he uled a call, and had refponfes in a [oft voice. I-le told me Dr. Wharton was recovering from his fick:-i.efs, and fo it proved.

October 2. l came to Litchfield.

3. Mr. Anthony Diot n10Yed me to refer controverfy between n1e and 1ny uncle Thomas Afhmole.

13. My faid uncle quitted his title to me, ,vhich pretended to my houfe in Litchfield, and fealed to me a deed of bargain and fale.

14. He alfo fealed me a releafe, and gave me poffeffion.

November 2. Four hor. pqft mend. I retu.rned to London, and in an hour after to my houfe.

3. Mr. Lilly called before the committee of plundered 1ninifters, and committed.

20. My wife went again to l\,1r. Tredef' cant's, to ftay fome time there. 2I.

•

•

21·. ·1 c!ifchai-ged my man li'obs df·rny fervice. 1 •-••

December 14. I was {erved with afa/J· ptend at Sir Humphry Fofter's fuit, three bar. fortyminutesp� merid_.

15. Hisbill wasfiled.

18. My fiil:er Mrs. Dorothy Mainwaring can1e to live with my wife eleven hor.ante merid.

She frayed v1ith her but till the 1 6thof January following.

January 13, 1653. I held a court at Bradfield, as lord of that manor.

1vir. AnthonyBrookof Sunningwasmy fteward. Sir Humphrey Forfter coming thither, I arrefted him.

17. My wifeleft Mr. Tredefcant's, and came to Mr. Flint's.

lvlarch 18. The Afrrologers feaft was held.

April 8. Dr. Langbaine, provoft of �een's College, fhewed me Mr. Selden's letter to him, wherein he f.-iid, he fhould be glad to be acquaintedwithme; foT he found by what I had publi<hed, thatIwas affected to the furtherance of all good learning.

20. This morning I firft became acquainted with Arife Evans, aWelch prophet; and fpeaking of the Parliament, I alk.ed him ,vhen it would end ? He anfwered, the time was fhort, and it was even

ELIAS ASH!'.10LE, Es� 319

even at the door. This very morning at eleven of tbe clock, the mace \Vas t:1ken A,vay fro1n the Speaker, and the Parliament di{folvedJ and l conjecture it was muchabout thetime thatArife Evans and I hadthis difcourfe.

May 12. Three hor. po.ft merid. My coufin Vvilliam A!h:nolecan1eto London. He \Vent to l\1r. Sidley upon tr:al.

13. iviy father Backho�:fe lying fick in Fleet-fi:reet, over againfi: St. Dunfi:an's church; and not knowing \vhethcr he lhould live or die, about eleven of the clock, told me, in fyllables, the true matter of the Philofophers Stone, which he bequeathed tome as alegacy.

June 2 1. I agreedwithDr. Bathur!l:for the remaining years, in my houfe at BlackFriars.

July 25. Nine hor. thirty minutes, I was firft acquainted with Mr. Selden; ,,vho ufed me very courteoufly, and encouraged me in my fiudics.

Augufi: 8. Eight hor. thirty minutes ante merid. I began niy voyage \Vith Dr. Carver into Corn,vall, he going thitherto open a ,ninefor the Lord Mohun.

I 7. Nine hor. pefl nzerid. ,ve came to Brecknock.

September 12. Nine hor. fifteen minutes po.ft111t1rid. ,ve returnedto London. October

3�0

• TitE LIFE OF

Ottober 1. Seven hor. po.ftmerr'd. I firft became acquainted with Mr. Ogilby.

4. I was troubled with the toothach: Major Ruf,vell, (Dr. Bathurfi's apothecary) ftopped it.

16. Sir John Heydon, lieutenant of the ordnance to J{ing Charles the 1 ft, and my worthy frienddied.

November 18. My aunt Bowyer, wife to my uncle Anthony Bo,vyer, was buried.

20. I was again troubledwiththe toothach for three days.

23. My good friend and neighbour Dr. Wimberley, minifter of Englefield in Berkiliire, died.

25. He ,vas buried at St. Margaret's in \Veftminll:er, where forn1erly he had been parfon.

This day I bound my coufin William Alh1nole an apprentice to Mr. Clothier, a fadler.

1654. January 21. Dotl:or Wharton began his lecture at the Phyfician's College 10 bor. antemer:a.

F(;bruary 6. The hearing in Chancery catne on, wherein Sir Humphrey Forll:er ·was plaintiff againft _ me. As foon as my anf"·er was opened, 1t was referred to Mr. Chalor1er Chute my counfel to detcn11ine.

lVlarch 11. 4 Hor. pojl mtna. l\Ir, Chute figned his av,ard.

I 6.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, EsQ.: 32x

1 6. In purfuance whereof I received from Sir Humphrey Forfter 350/. 11 hor. ante merid.

February 2. I acquainted Doctor Wharton with my fecret for the cure of the iliaca p�/fio; and he applied it this morning to Mr. Faithorne the graver, and it cured hini.

July 3. My wife went to lodge at Mr. Wit's.

x 7, I came to Litchfield.

22. I returned thence.

Auguft 22. Aftrologers feafr.

24. I made a journey to Canterbury, Dovet, &c.

September 1. I returned to London.

15. I went to viftt Mr. Oughtred, the famous mathematician.

28. I received 300/. from Sir Humphrey Forfter.

Oct. 7. Mr. William Floyd's firft wife (was) buried at Swallo,vfield in Berkfhire.

November 24. 6 Hor. po.ft Merid. my good father-in-la\V Mr. Peter Mainwaring died at Gawfworth,

December S. Doctor Pordage was put out of Bradfield living. By his removal it full to me to prefent, and knowing the ,vorth and learning of Mr. Floyd (then living with my father Backhoufc, as tutor ' to his children) I refolveci to beftow it upon him; and thereupon fent for him up Y to

��� .

THt L IFE OF to London, and on the 18th acquainted hin1 with my intention.

30. I !igned a prefentation to him. He was exa111ined by the 1,ryers, and paffed with approbation : But de!igns being laid againll:: him byMr. Fowler and l\1r. Ford,, both minifters of Reading, who endeavoured to bring in Doctor Temple, fuppofing Sir Hu1nphrey Forfterhad right of prefentation, he thought better to refign his prefentation to 1ne, than to undergo a conteft \vith thofe n1en.

1655. March 30. Hereupon I prefented one Mr. Adams, who, having a living of I 40/. per ann. and finding he n1utl undergo a conteft with tho[e that oppofed, Mr. Floyd thought fitter to keep his O\Vll living, than part with it in hopes of a far better.

November 28. The peace between England and France was proclaimed at Weftminfier 10 hor. 45 n1i.nutes anumerid.

1656. And at I r h�r. 45 minutes itv,as ploclaimed at White-Hall.

April 17. Archbi{hop of Armagh (was} buried.

May 23. Firft {how at Sir Willia1n Da ◄ venant'sopera.

June 26. I fell lick, and had a great , loofenefs.

July. In this month r was troubled with a great pain in my right breaft. I 2,

.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� 323

12. I p:iid Mr. Faithorne 7/. for en• graving my piaure.

Augu!l: 1. Journey to J\.1r. Sterill's in Effex.

7. Colonel Wharton came home upon his parole.

:29. I figrted ahd fealed rny prefentation forBradfield living tol'vir. LancelotSmith 9 /;Jor, I 5 minutes antemerid. and delivered it to the com1nittee.

This man, after fome conteft1 enjoyed the living; a11d the right of prefentation beingackno\vledgcd to be mine, I had no farther trouble.

This day the Afirologers fcaft was held

September 4. Coufin--Thompfon ("vas) chrillened.

11. I v:cnt towards Litchfield.

1 3, About 9 hor. ante merid. 1 tatn; lirft to Mr. Dugdale's at Blyth-Hall.

oaober 9. 1 returned toLon<}on, Dece1nber 19. I ..vent to\vards Blyth..i Hall.

1657. January 14. 10 Hor. 4ominutes ante merid. I returned to London.

February 22. My coufinEverardMain• waring died. March. 27. I ,vent to.wards Blyth-Hall.

April 20. 5 Hor. joft merid. I bruifcd my great toe with the fall of a great form.

ji4

THE L I F E OF

May 2. 7 Hor. ante tnerid. I returned to London.

19. 1 accompanied Mr. Dugdale in his journey towards the Fens 4 Hor. 30 minutes ante 111erid.

June 3. 9 Hor. 30 minutes ante merid. we came to York.

July 7. 6 Hor. 45 minutes ante merid; I returned to London.

September 22. I fellill of thetooth-ach, which continued three days.

October 8. The cau(e between me and my wife was heard, where Mr. Serjearrt Maynard obferved to the court that there were 800 fheets of depofitions on my wife's part, and not one word proved againft me of ufing her ill, norever giving her a bad or provoking word.

9. The Lor& Cotnmi!Iioners having found no caufe for allowing my wife alimony, did, 4. hor. pojl merid. deliver 1ny wife to me; wheretlpon I canied her to Mr. Lilly's, and there took lodgings for us both.

November 1 I. 2 Hor. 1 5 n1i11utes pojl ,nerid. I was ad1nitted of the Middle Temple.

December r. About ro bor. 30minutes pojl merid. it thundered and lightened, and at this time was thewritfoaledfor fummons to the new Lords of the Parliament. 2

ELIAS ASI-IMOLE, EsQ. 3i5

22. I and my wife came towards Albury.

28. I \>Vent to London ;

29. And thence towards Blyth�Hall.

1658. January r 5. I ca_me to Bradfield.

19. I returned to Albury.

March 30. I dined with the Florida En1ba!fador at Mr. Martin Noell's.

May 7. I fir.fr \>vent to the RecordOffice in the To\ver, to collect materials for my \vork of the Garter.

9. I ·was ftruck by a coach-horfe, on the infi<le of my left thigh.

June 12. I fir.ft became acquainted with Sir Roger Twifden.

July 27. 4 Hor. pojl merid. I went towards Warwickfhire and Stafford!hire. In this journey I vifited Sir Thomas Leigh, Sir Harvey Bagot1 Sir Richard Lewfon, ,ind the Earl of Denbigh,

Augufr 21. I returned to London.

November 13. I was enterred into Mr. Hen!haw's chamber in the Middle Temple, wbich I bought of him fqr 130/. being admitted to i� this �y 7 hor. 30 minµtes a11te merid,

17. I I Hor. I 5 lllinutes an{e mfr;d. I brought my goods thither, and 2 hor.pofl 11zerid. can1e the reft.

1659. May 24. I bec�1ne acquainted ,vith Mr. Scipio Squire,

326

TH� L I F E OF

25. I ,vent to Windfor, and too'k Mr. I-Iollar with me to take views of the caftle.

July 2.•\Vas the Antiquaries feaft.

Auguft 16. I came to Roe-Barnes, to table there.

2 i. My Study was broken up by the foldicrs, upon pretence of fearching for the l{ing, but I loft nothing out of it.

October 2. Ivlr. John Watlington, an apothecary of Reading, and an able bqt.JUft (my very good friend) was buried.

J· ll.1r. Lilly received a gold chain fro1n the King of Sweden.

November 2. 'vVas the Afirologers fea!l:.

December 12. Mr. Tredefcant and his wife told me they had been long confidering upon whom to beftow their clofet of curiofities when they died, and at laft had refolved to give it unto 1ne.

r4. This afternoon they gave their fcrivener inftructions to draw a deed of gift of the foid clofet to me.

r6. 5 Hor. 30 minutes pofl merit!. Mr. Trcdefcant and his wife fealed and delivered to 1ne the deed of gift of all his rarities.

1660. January 3. My uncle Anthony Bowyer died.

March 2. I went into Warwickfhire. April 11, I returned to Lond(!n. June

ELIAS AS.MMOLE;- Es<l!_ 327

June 6. 4 Hor. 15 minutes pqft 111erid. I firft became acquainted with SirEdmund vValker Garter.

1 6. 4 Hor. pofl 111erid. I firft luffed the King's hand, being introduced by Mr. Thon1as Chiffinch.

1 8. 10 Hor. ante111erid. \Vas the fecond tin1e I had the honour to difcourfe with the King, and then he gave me the place of Windfor I-Jerald.

22. This day the \varrant bears date�

About this tin1e the King appointed me to make a defcriptio:1 of his medals, and I had them delivered into 111y hands, and Henry the V Illth's clofet alligned for my ufe.

July 19. This morning Mr. Secretary Morris told me the I<.ing had a great kindncfs for 1ne.

Auguft 6. Mr. Ayton, the King's chief gentk1nan-ufher ca1ne to me into the clofet, and told n1e, the King had con1n1anded that I fhould have my diet at the ,vaiters table, which I accordingly had.

I o. The Officers at Anus took the oaths, and 1nyfelf aniong then1, as \1/indfor Herald.

14. This afternoon was the firft publick meeting of the Officers at Arn1s in the }Ierald's Office.

328

THE LIF·E dF

2I. I pre[ented the King- \vith the three books I had printed, viz. Ftffi:icu!us Che1nicus, Theatrum Chemicum, and The \Vay to Blifs.

September 3. My warrant' figned for the Comptroller's Office in the Excife.

17. I delivered my faid warrant for the Excife to the Co1nmiffioners of Appeals.

October 24. 5 Hor. po.Ji merzd. I came to the Excife Office, and took poffeffion of the Comptroller's Office,

November 2. I was this night called to the bar in the 1\1iddl� Temple Hall.

7. I had my admittance to the bar in the faid hall.

December 28. I took my oatl1, as Comptroller of the Excife before Baron Turner.

166 I. January I 5. I was admitted a member of the Rpyal Society at Gre!ham College.

February 9. .A. .varrant was figned by the King for my being Secretary of Surinam in the Weft Indies.

April 3. My patent for Comptroller!hip of the Excife bears tefte.

r 3, The King gave-my Lord Chamberlain order; to fettle me as the firfr Herald, in cafe any difpute Ihould happen.

May 16. The grant of Arm:; to me from Sir Edward Byfl1· Clarencieux bears date.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, EsQ.: 319

June 28. John Walfu was fworn my deputy.

November 6. Mr. Thomas Chiffinch dined at my chan1ber i.n the Middle Temple.

July 12. I chriftened Mr. Buttler the goldfrnith's fon, William.

1662. January 26. I paid in 50/. the half of my Royal Prefent to the King.

March 5. I fent a iet of Services and Anthems to Litchfield ·cathedral, which coft me r6/.

April 22. l\lit,. John Tredefcant died.

May 29. I ,�as made one of the Commiffioners for recovering the King's goods.

• May 30. l\11y Father Backhoufedied this evening at Swallo,vfield,

This Eafter 'ferro I preferred a bill in Chancery againft l\.1rs. Trcdefcant, for the rarities her hu!band had fettled on me.

June 17. Ab.out 3 Hor. pojl merid. the Commiffioners for the office of Earl Marfual firft fat in Whitehall.

This afternoon my father BackJ1oufe was buried in Swallowficld church.

29. r 1 Hor. 36 minutes ante merid. I firft kiffed the �een's hand.

Auguft. I accompanied Mr. Dugdale in his vifitation of Derby and Nottinghamfhires.

9. I bought Mr. Tumepemin.e'$ intere!l: in the leafe of I-iomerich lands.

Sep-

330

THE LIFE OF

September, I paid the other half of my Royal prcfc:1t to the King, viz. 50/.

December 5. Ichriftcned Captain Wharton's daughter, Anne.

1663. March. Iaccon1panied 1\fr. Dugdale in his vifitation of Staffordfhire and Derbyihire.

May. Towards the end of this month I chrifrened Mr. 1'imothy En1an's fon of Windfor.

27. I fell ill of a feverifh difremper.

July 6. I ,vent towards Oxford, attending the body of Archbifhop Juxon.

Auguft 3. 9 1-Ior. antemenii. I began my journey to acco1npany lVIr. Dugdale in his vifitations of Shropfhire and Cheihire,

October Io. I returned to London.

November 21. Mr. Povey brought tho Earl of Peterborough to my chamber.

1664. January 19. Mr. Thomas firft promifed me a place in the vVhite Office.

February 5. The Benchers of the Middle Temple granted me an affignment of my cha:nber in the I'v1iddle Temple.

8. My picture was drawn by Mr. L� !'-eve in my Herald's coat.

12. Mr. Dugdale fell fick of a fever.

13. I gave 20/. to\vards the repair of Litchfield minfter.

March 17. I d1riftened Secundus fon tQ l\1L Lacy the Comedian.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, ·Es<t:, 331

May 18. My caufe came to hearing in Chancery againft Mrs. Tredefcant.

June 17. I gave five volumes of Mr. Dugdale's Works to the Temple Library, and had this acknowledgment.

Parlia1ne11tum tentum 17th die Junii, 1664.

' Ordered that Mr. A{hmole of the ut• ter bar have their M-afterfhips thanks for ' the books no-..v prefented by him to their • Mafterfhips for the library.'

27. The White Office was opened, wherein I ,...as Comptroller.

July 16. I having bought the third part of my chamber upon the death of Mr. Perrot, the bench this day gave me an affignment of it.

Angufl: 9. Grand day at the reading in the Middle Temp!e, whereat I was one of the Ste,va,·Js.

1665. February S..About 8 Hor. ante merid. Mr. Tho1nas gave a warrant of ·attorney to confefs a judgment to me of I 200/.

17. Sir Edward Bifh fealed hisdeputation of me for vifiting_ Bt.:rkfhire.

May 1 1. I began to make my vifitation of Berkfhire at R.eading.

Auguft 26. I ,vent towards Blyth Hall. This

33z

THE LIFE oF

This year about r 5 of July (the plague cncreafing) I retired to Roe Barnes, and the following winter compoferl a 6ood part of my work of theGarterthere.

1666. January 17. I befto\ved. on the Bailiff.�of Litchfield a large chafed filver bo,vl and cover, which coil: me 23I. 8s. 6d.

June. l prefentedthe publick libraryat Oxford with threefoliovolu1nes, containing a defcriptionof the Confular and Imnerial Coins there, which I hadformerly made and digefted, being all fairly tranfcribed vvith myown hand. In ackno�'ledgma.t of ,vhich the following was entred inthe regifterof J)enefat1:ors;

Elias AJhmole armiger, & Regiu.r Feczalis de Winde.fare, virprd'jfantif/zinus & rei anttruarit:eperit//jimu.r, accuratf!Jimum antiquorum NumiJinatum Laudentium Catalogum in tria 'Volumina diflributum concinnavit, & Bibliotheca: Bodfeiana: dono dedit.

A.ugu{t. This month I went to Blyth Hall, and returned tbe fmne month. September 2. Thedre.idfulfireof Londbn began, October 4. 1 Hor. 30 1ninutes pojl ,nerid. fome of my books, carried to 1ny coufinl\,foyfe's, weref'etu-rne�tomycha1n� qerat the Ternple. I I,

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� ,333

I 1. I Hor. 30 minutes poji men'd. my firft boatful of books, which were carried toMrs. Tredefcant's the 3d of September. were bronght back to the Temple.

18. 4 Poji n1erid. all the reft of my things ,vere brought thence to the Temple.

1667. May 21. I bought Mr. John Booker's frudy of books, and gave 140/. for them.

July 16. I went to Warwick!hire.

�4- I retnrned to London.

31. I went again towards Warwick1hire.

Auguft 'lI. I returned to Roe Barnes. November 25. I took a leafe of the Moggs in Litchfield from the Bailiffs, and this day paid 'lo/. part of 40/. fine.

1668. January 11. I paid toMr.Ro-..vlins 201. the remaining part of my fine for theMoggs at Litchfield.

April 1. 2 Hor. ante merid. the Lady Mainwaring, my wife, died.

.�5· Mr. Jofeph Williamfon ilnd Dr. Thomas Smith (afterwards Bi!hop of Carlifle) dined with me at my chan1ber in the Temple.

June 9. 5 Hor. po.ft merid. the Loras Coinmiffioners of the Treafury appointed me to execute the Office of Accomptant General in the Excife and Collntry Accomptant,

334

'I'HE Li F E OF

1 S· 5 Hor. pqft merid. they appointed me to execute the place of Country Accomptant in the Excife.

Augµft I o. I went towards Blyth HalJ.

26. I returned to London,

September 4. 7 Hor. 30 minutes ante merid. I concluded with Mr. Laurence for his houfe in Shire Lane. At 7 hor. pqft . 111erid. he fcalc:d bis affignmcnt to me.

16. Doctor Currer, the Chymical Phy.. fician, mymoft entire friend, died.

October 1. He was buried at St. Clement Danes ; and Dr. William Floyd preached his funeral fermon Noven1ber 1.

November 3. I married Mrs. Elizabeth Dugdale, daughter to Vlilliam Dugdale, Efq. Norroy King of Arms, at Lincoln's Inn Chapel. Dr. William Floyd married us, and her father gave her. The wedding was finifhed at 1 o hor. pojl merid,

December 3. Doctor William Floyd married.

29. Juftinian Pagitt, E(q. died.

1669-. January 2. Mr. Juftinian Pagitt was buried at St. Giles's in thefields.

April 15. Mr. Rofe, the King's Gardener, and nlyfelt, went to Mrs. Tredefcant's, and thence to Captain Fol'fter's"at South Lambeth, where I firft was ac◄ quaintcd with him,

17. Mr. Oldenburgh (Secretary to the Royal Society) fent tne a letter, that CouQt iv'Iaga-

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Esct:

335

Magalotti ,vould vifit me at 1ny chamber, from the Prince of Tufcany.

19. Count Magalotti and t,vo other gentlemen of the Prince of Tufcany's -chief attendants, came to my chainberto fee my library and coins.

27. I felt the .firfr touch of the gout, in my great toe, on my left foot, and in my left fore-finger.

June 5. I and 1ny wifewent to Her!ham to vifit Mr. Lilly.

14. We returned toLondon.

July 6. I went towards Oxford.

9. The poffeffionof the Theatre (built by Dr.Shelden Archbifhop9f Canterbury) was taken by the Vice Chancellor.

I received the honour of being made a Doctor of Phyfick at Oxford.

Auguft 1 1. I and my wife went again to Mr. Lilly's.

22. Sir WilliamBackhoufe of S,vallowfield died.

September3. Ireturned toLor.donfrom Mr. Lilly's.

Mrs. Dorcas Pagitt, wife to Juftinian .Pagitt, Efq. w�s buried.

2I. I went towards Swallowfield to ferve at thefuneral of Sir William Backhoufe. : • .

28. He was buried at Swallowfield.

29. I let a· leafe of Homerich lan9s tp H. Aldrich for feven years.

336

TaE

LIFE

or Noveinb. 3. This evening Dr'. Yate&', Principal of Brazen-Nofe College, prefented 1ne with a diploma from the univerfity of Oxford, for my degree of Doctor of Phyfick, between fix and feven at night.

. About the middle of December, my friendfuip began to be renewed with Dr. Wharton, which had been difcontinued for many years, by 1'eafon ofhis unhandfome andunfriendly dealing with me.

I 670. March I 4. I befi:owed a graveftone on Mr, Booker formerly, and this day paid for it l it had this infcription in c;apitalletters,

Ne ob/ivione contereretur 11rna

Johannis Bookeri Ajlrologi quifati cej/it

VIto Idus Aprilis, Anno ChrijtiJuliano MDCLXVII.

Hoe illipqfuit amr;ris monumentum.

Elias A!hmole Armiger.

I 6. IwasentertainedbyMonfieurLion·berg, the Swedi{h Envoy.

3r. I obtained-the King's warrant to my book of the Garter.

May 5. The Earl of Anglefea vifited me at my chamber in the Temple.

• 10.

ELIAS /\SHMOLE, Es� 337

10. I dined at Sir Charles Cotterel's \vith the Dani!h Envoy, and after dinner they \Vent to my chamber in the Ten1ple; where I fo fatisfied the Envoy touching the King of S,veden's precedence in the Order before his mafier's, that he thereupon waved the further profecution of that affair.

June 22. Captain Burgh, my old acquaintance, died.

July 5. The Lord Hatton, my much honoured friend, died this morning. I fell ill of a furfeit; but thanks be·to God, I recovered the next day.

9. I dined with the S,vedi{h Envoy.

27. Sir Gilbert Talbot, Mafrer of the Jewel Houfe, and Mr. Jofeph \Villiamfon, dined at mychamber in theTemple.

Augufr 19. Six Hor. pofl merid. my coufin Moyfe of Tottenham, died.

24. Myfelf and wife \vent to Captain Wharton's, at Greenwich.

Sept. 25. Eleven Hor. 30 minutes ante ,nerid. I became acquainted with the CountdeMonroux, E1n·oy.fromtheDuke of Savoy._

Octob. 8. I 1noved my Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury for a fi-:ence for l\1r. Lilly, to pracl:ife phyfick; which he granted.

Nov. 1 8. I fell ill of the gout, in my great toe on the right foot, z .zo.

.

�38

THE L I .F E OF

20. I bled with 1eeches, and was -weU the next morning.

1671. Jan. 9. My fifter Dugdale died.

13. I b�came acquainted with Mr. Peter Arnold the Chymifr. u1

April 4. My brother Dhgdale married to Mrs. Pigeon.

May 16. I let a leafe of my houfe in Litchfield, to l'v1r. Edmund Falkingham, for 7 years.

July 20. 1 went towards Blyth-Hall with my wife.

3 1. I came to Litchfield.

Aug. 10. I and 111y wife went to Litchfield, ·where ·we were entertained by the 'Bailiffs at a dinner, and a great banquet.

1 5. We went to the Earl of Denbigh at Newnham.

I 8.Four Hor. pofl merid. I �rrived at London.

Sept. 2 I. I ,vent again to,vards BlythHall.

Ocl:ob. 5. I came to Litchfield, where i met my brother Mainwaring.

16. I and 1ny wifereturned to London.

19. My brother Main.varing ca1ne to London.

Decemb. 7. My brother Main\varing took l1is oath as one of n1y deputies: fo ·did Mr. Street.

1 672. Jan. 24. I ,vas entertained at dinner by the Venetian Agent.

8.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� ·339

M� 8. Tv.-o Hw. 40 m;nutes, po.ft ,nerid. I prefented my book of the Ga1".er to the King.

July 20. I and my ,vife went to Mr. Lilly's,\vherewefrayedtill3eptemberthezd. - Aug. 20. My good friend Mr. \Vale, fent me Dr. Dee's original books and papers.

Sept. 14. The Earl of Peterb�rough having about June, by the Duke of York's command, called at my chamber in the Temple, for one of my books of the Garter, to carry to the Duke, then at fea ; the Duke received it with much pleafure, and the Earl believed he had read it all over.

27. Mr. Philip Floyd's patent paffed the Great Seal for the reverfion of my office of Comptroll.er of the Excife.

Ottob. 12. Ten Hor. 30 minutes ante merid. I fprained my right foot.

17. The Earl of Peterborough prefented me to the Duke of York, ,vho told me he had read a great part of n1y book ; that I had done a great deal of honour to the Order of the Garter; that I had taken a great deal of pains therein ; and deferved encourage1nent, 9 Hor. 20 minutes anter,u:rid.

Decetnb. 17. Being at the Treafury chamber, the Lord Treafurer Clifford very courteou!ly invited n1e to his lodgings in the court. Z 2

20.

T'HE LIFE OF

20. I \vaited on him, and vvas received with great kindnefa.

23. The Earl of Briftol gave great co1nrr1endations ofmy book; andfaid, 'he • thougl1t the l(nights of the Garter \Vere ' obliged to prefent n1e ,vith fon1e con' fiderable girt, and that hirnfelf would ' move it.'

1673. Jan 1 1. This evening 1 fat with the Lord Treafurer two hours.

27. Ten H?r. 40 minutes ante merid. the Earl of Bedford gave his approbation, ·with great commendation of my book of the Garter.

Feb. 3. Ten Hor, 30 minutes antemerid. I delivered my petition to the Earl of Arlington, for the cuftom of paper, with a deftre of his opinion about it. He anfwered, it '\.Vas but a reafonable rcqnefl:, and he would confer \vith the Lord Treafnrer about it, before he 1uoved 1:1e King; and th�.t he vvould do me fcrvice.

l 3. Eight Hor. 20 minutes pojl merid. I moved the Lord Treafurer for my arrears of my p::niion as \/Vindfor Herald, and to favour my petition for getting the cuftom of fome pap::r. The firft he faicl fhould be done ; and to the fecond, he vvould be 1ny friend : and fo he \\';!S, March 1 3. fvly book of the Garter wns fent to Captain Bartie, to be prefented to the King of Denmark.

ELIAS ASIIM.OLE, EsQ. 341

16. I grew indifpofed with a fulnefs in my ll:01nach; but taking fomc phyfick, I grew well.

25. The Earl of Denbigh ca1nc to my houfe to vifit me.

april 2. Seven Flor. pq/l merid. con1ing fro1n Windfor in a coach ·with Sir Ed,vard Walker, the coach overturned, and I fprained 1ny left .,vrifr.

17. I delivered my book of the Garter to Sir John Finch, to prefent it to the Duke of 'fufcany.

May 24. I received the Lord Trearurer's warrant foi: one hundred and fix pounds, thirteen {billings, and four pence,, the arrears of my penfion.

June 18. I received my Privy-Seal for foqr hundred pounds out of the cuftom of paper, ,vhich the l(ing was pleafed to beftow upon me, for 1ny work of the Garter.

29. I \.Vas let blood.

July 4. The learned and ingenious $ir Robert Murrey died.

Sept. 29. I renewed my leafe of Homerich lands, from the vicars of Litch� field.

Ocl:ob. 4. I and my wife came from I-Jer{ham to London, having [pent a good part of the fu1nmer "vith Mr. Lilly.

12. The Lady For!l:erI Sir Humfrey fprfrer's ,vido,v, died. Z 3

TaE LIFE oF

Nove1nb. 8. This morning Dr. Wharton was found aln1o!l: dead in his be.d of an apoplexy, and palfy on his left-£de.

1 2. He fent for nie at midnight1 and becaufefomedifferences hadformerlyfallen out between us, he defired to be reconciled to me: v,hich he vvas.

I 5. Ten H,r. 1 5 minutes ante merid. Dr. Wharton died, and was buried in Bafinghall church in a vault.

Decemb. 3. Dr. Teme, the phyfician, died this evening. He was buried at St. Andrew's Underfuaft the 7th of January following.

1674. Feb. 25. Nine Hor. 30 minutes ante merid. I defired Mr. Hayes, the Earl Marlhal's Secretary, to move his Lord, to give me leave to refig11 my Herald's place.

' April 2. The Earl Marlhal came to fee my chamber in the Temple.

• r3. He gave n1e a George in gold, which his grandfather ,vore when he went Emba!fador into Germany.

24. Mywife and I went to Ivlr. Lilly's, where we frayed till the 8t4 of September follo,ving.

May 29. About Five pojf mtrid. the order was made in the Chapter Houfe at Windfur, f<>r n:cun1n1t,;udin� 1ne lQ the Knights of the Garter.

June

ELIAS·AS1IMOLE,

Es� 343

JLtne 20. :I dined with t11e Dtrke of J.,auderdale at !lam, whither he had invited me, and treated rne.vt:ry kindly.

July- r. Sir John Davi.'s, fome time of Panborne in Berkfhire, died�

• io. I met v.•ith l'vlr. Tho1nas Hen{haw upon his return from Denmark, having brought me a gold chain, and that King's 1ned.al thereat, from the faid King.

27. I firfi: fpake with the Prince Elector of Brandenbui:gh's Envoy.

Auguft r. I lent Mr. Edward Hopkins four hundred pounds, upon a 1nortgageofhis lands inLittl� P�peni:ar Litchfield.

4. Sir WiHiam Swan, the King's Refi/1ent at Hamburgh, ga,·e me an account ofhis fendit1g my books of the Garter to the Duke of Saxony, and Pi:ince Elector of .Brandcn-burgl1, and gave me a letter from the faid Prince,

Sept. 17. I waited on the King, and {hewed him the gold chain the King of Denmark fent 1ne: he li�ed it wellt �nq. gave 1ne leave to wear it.

October ;z. Eleven Hor. 3g minutes ante merid. I and my wife firft enti:r�q n1y houfe at South-Lambeth.

5. This night 1\l{r. Tredcfqi.nt was i�1 dangerof beingrobbe�, but moft ftrange.,. ly prevented.

'.544

THE LI F E OF

28. I waited on the Earl MarJhal, to gain his leave fordifpofing of n1yHerald's place. He told me 1 was a perfon of that ability,that he was loath to leave me; and put oft·the difcourfe to a further time.

Nc,vemb. 17. I received a cafe of excellent piftols, and a filver hilt for a fword; fent meas a prefent, from the Earl of Caftlemaine, 'from Liege.

26. Mrs. Tredefcant being willing to deliver up the rarities to me, I carried feveral of them to myhoufe.

Decetpb. r. I began to remove the rel'.1: of the ·rarities to my houfe at SouthLambeth.

2. This night my affair about the enlarging my control upon the counties, was fettled.

1 8. Ivir. Lilly fell iick, and was let b1ood in the left foot, a little above the ancle : new moon the day before, and the fun edipfed.

20. Mr. Lilly had a great pain in his left leg, which lafted twenty four hours, and put hlm into a great fever.

23. My wife went to fee him.

26. I went to vitit him alfo.

28. The humour being fixed in two :places upon the top of his left foot (one being the place he was let blood in) and now grown ripe, they were lanced by Mr. Agar, an apothecary (and no lefs a good iurgeon)

ELIA-S ASHM0LE, Es� 345 furgeon) of Kingiton: after which he pegan to be at more eafe, and the fever abated.

I "vas prefent at the operation.

1675. Jan. 6. I,vore the chainofgold1 fent n1e fro1n the King of Denmark, before the King, in his proceeding to the chapel, to offer gold, frankincenfe, anq myrrh.

20. The Earl of Winchelfea, Sir vVilliam S,van, and Mr. Thynn, \Vere entertained at my chamber in the Temple.

29. This afternoon I obtained the Earl Marfhal's leave to refign n1y Herald's lplace.

•

Feb. ro. Colonel Gervais Hollis, a Mafrer of the•Requefrs, died.

21. Two Hor. pofl nierid. I fealed the counterpart of Mr. Hopkins's mortgage of Little Pipe in co111. Stafford, to me for four hundred pounds.

25. Mr. Dethick offeredme three hundred pounds, if I would refign my Heralcl's place to him.

March 1. Thisnight Mr. Sandfordoffered me the like fu1n, if I would refign it to him.

9. Colonel Gervais Hollis's body was .carried through London, towards Mansfield in Nottinghamfhire, where h� was buried.

24. Lord

346 TnELIFE OP'

24. Lord Hatton and his fifrers dined with me.

26. Mr. Smith, of Moorfields, died : he had an excellent good libraryof books.

April 17. My brother Dugdale having agreed with me for my Herald's place, this morning moved the Earl l\1arlhal ;hat he 1night fucceed me ; which he granted.

The fame morning I agreed with my carpenter for buildingtheadditional rooms I made to my houfe at South-Lambeth.

27. This afternoon SirWilliam Swan told me, the Prince Eletlor of Branden... burgh had given order for a :prefent tq me, and that it lay ready for 1ne at Hamburgh.

May r, Ten Hor. 30 minutes antemerid. I and mywife came to myhoufeatSouthLambeth, to lie there.

5. Ten Hor. 20 minutes ante mert'd. J la.id the fi� frone of my new building there. •

20. This day Monfieur Swerene, the Prince Elector of Brandenburgh's Envoy. ·came to vifit rµ� at my chamber in th\! 'f'emple. •

25. i\1y wife, in gettipgur of her horfe near Farnha1n Caftle, fel down, and ·hurt the hinder part of her hand and left fhoulder.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es<l! 347

June&. Mr. Richard Hodgkinfon (my old friend, and fellow gentleman of the Ordnance in the garrifon of Oxford) was buri�d.

z5. Six Hor. 30 minutes ante,nerid. the foundation of St. Paul's Church in Lon• don was laid.

27. Dr. Barlow (my old and worthy friend) was confecrated Bi!hop of Lincoln. , July 15. This morning a jury of [ewers fet out my brick 'Wall made towards the higl1way, at my houfe at South-Lambeth.

z 1. Four f[or. pojl ,nerid. I furrendered my Herald's place to his Majel.ly in Chancery, before Sir-- Clerk, one of the Mafters of that court.

Aug. 28. One Hor. 40 minutes po.ft merid. I and my wife came to dwell at my houfe in South-Lambeth.

OB:ob. 7. Monf. la Mere (lately fent from the Prince of Orange to his Majefty) gave me a vi!it at my cl)�mber in the Temple.

8. I firfr became acquainted with Monfiqnr Spanheiin, the Prince Elecl:or Palatine's Envoy to his l\llajel.ly, 9 Hor. 30 minutes ante,neri,.' He was th� Prince E)ecl:or Palatine's Pknipotentiary .:.t Cologne; and there Sir Jofeph \1/11liamfon delivered to hin1 v bo?k of !h� Gar!er, to prefent to the [:1•.1 Prince.

i6, My

348

THE LI F :t; OF

26.My brother Dugdale was created \Vindfor Herald.

27. \1r. Thon1as Rofs (tutor to the Duke of Monmouth) died.

29. Bet,veen nine and ten Hor. pofl merid. my uncle Ralph Afhmole died.

Noven1b. 2. I fell ill of a cold.

7. Great pain in my fatther tooth, on the left fide of my upper jaw, which continued three or four days.

16. Eleven J-fqr. ante menil. I began to plant my garden \val!s vvith fruit-trees.

This day Robert Chaloner, Lancafier Herald, died.

Decemb. 4. I firft became acquainted \vith Mr. Butler, chaplain to the Duke of Onnond, and an able aftrologian.

1676. Feb. 27. Sir Thomas Chicheley and SirJonas l.vloore ,came to dine with me.

lvfarch ro. I fell ill of the toothach, and thefartheft tooth in the upper fide of my left jaw was very loofe.

29. My teeth fell loofer, and put me to fo great trouble, I could not chew my meat for a ·week.

31. My brotQer Harrifon of Litchfield, died.

April 6. I \Vas affi.icl:ed with thevertigo, and drewoutmytooh that had fogreatly troubled me.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Esct: 349

7. The officers of Arms feeming unwilling to let me have the funeral-turn, which was my due, I acquainted the Earl Marfhal with it: and this day, Sir Thomas St. George waiting on hin1, he told him, he would have me have the benefit of it. His Lordfhip afterwards told me, that he faid to Sir Thomas, ' That he

• efteemed me the bell officer in the of' fice; and if he could have perfuaded me

• to have fraid in the office, I fuould not

• have ·wanted the beft employment, and ' have been made the fore-horfe in the ' team ; and that I had deferv€d' greatly,

• in getting money for rebuilding the ' office.'

Apr. 16. This evening the gout took me in my left foot, and held 1ne for a fortnight.

Aug. 8. I fell ill of a loofenefs, and had above twenty ftools.

Sept. 4. Mr. Ogilby died.

Noven1ber 20. I fell ill of the gout in my left toe: This fit held me a fortnight.

Decemb. 18. My old friend Major Brooke, the ftationer, died.

22. Hevvas buried.

1677. Feb. 6. My uncle Ra1ph Afhmole's \vido\v died.

7. In the afternoon I took cold in my head.

14. I took cold in my right ear.

19. Mr.

THE LIF£ OF

19. l'vfr. Richard Edlin, one of my clerks, died this night.

20. Sir Edward Walker, Garter, died fudden1y.

:21, 23, 25. I took pile macri which did me much good.

21. Mr. Richard Edlin was buried in St. Alhallow's Church-Yctrd.

22. The Biiliop of Salifbury wrote to me, that he had moved the King to beftow Garter's place upon me, I wrote back to excufe n1y accepting of it, with defires to move no further on my behalf.

26. The Earl Marilial fent his Secretary, 1\.fr. Hayes, to have my opinion, whether Garter's place was in the King's or his difpofe. I gave my opinion, that it was in the King's difpofal.

Mar. 6. The Rifhop of Salifbury came to my houfe, to acquaint me with the King's command, that I fhould a{fift him in making good the J(ing's title to Garter's place.

28. 7 Hor. ante merid. I laid the foundation of my back buildings to my houfe at South-Lambeth.

30. There ·was a hearing before fome of the Lords of the Council and fome Knights of the Gaiter, between the King au<l Earl l'v1arfhal, at whic.h Garter's place was adjudged to be folely in the King's difpofal.

3 r. Mr.

•

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� 351

31. Mr. Bartie earneftly preffed .me to accept of Garter's place, intimating my LQrd Treafurer thought me fitteft for it; which I excufed: neverthelefs he gave me an. opportunity to fpeak ,vith my Lord, ,vhich when I had, I forebore faying any thing of this matterto him.

Apr. 1. Mr. Bartie fet more eamefily upon me to be Garter; but I abfolutely refufed.

2. MyfatherDugdalewaspitchedupon to be Garter, and the King gave hisconfen,t: whereupon the Earl Marihal fent for him out of War,vick!hire by this night's poft.

10. My father Dugdale came to town.'

1 1. The Earl Mar!hal told my father Dugdale, th-at I had carried n1yfelf very fairly in the matter between him and the King, touching Garter's place.

May 10. 9 Hor. ante merid. The firfr foundation of the rebuilding of Cheapfide was laid.

12. About noon I fprained my right foot, near my ancle.

24. My father Dugdale was created Garter, principal King at Arms.

25. He was Knighted.

June 1. He took his oath ina chapter, called to that purpofe.

7. MyLordTreafureragreedto have my comptrol continue upon the vouchers.

July 2.

352

TI-IE LIFE or

July 2. I fealed a leafe of my hou(e in Litchfield to Mr. Falkingham, fo�· eight years.

Another to fTenry Aldrich of the lands in Homerich, for feven years.

Another to Mr. \11/illiam Webb, of the Moggs in Litchfield, for eleven years.

1 o. I made a feaft at n1y houfe in South-Lambeth, in honour'of my bene.faaors to my work of the Garter.

Aug. 1. I received four hundred pounds, l:>eing the mortgage-moneyI formerly lent upon l\1r. I--Iopkin's efrate, at Little Pipe near Litchfield.

Sept. 10. I Hor. pofl merzd. 1\1r. Rofe. the King's gardener, died.

17. Count Walleftein, Envoy Extraordinary from the Emperor, Marquis de Efre Borganiainiers, Envoy Extraordinary fron1 the K.ing ofSpain, Monfieur Swcrene, Envoy Extraordinary from the Prince Elector of Brandenburgh, and the Count of Flamburgh, beftowed a vifit on me a� my houfe at South-Lambeth.

28. There was a fire in the Inner Temple.

oa. 4. Mr. Laggan began to draw my picture in black lead. •

16. My Lord Bi!hop of Oxford gave me a vifit at Mr. Loggan's..

31. .Ylyne Heere van Zeelin (Secretary to the Prince of Orange) came to vifit me at my chamber in !he Temple. Nov.

ELIAS ASHM0LE, Es� 353

Nov. 4. Mr. Rawlins, Town-clerk of Litchfield, acquainted me, that Mr. Richard Dyott, Parliament--1nan for that city, was likely to die, and that the Bailiffs, &c. were willing to chufe 1ne in his rootn : but I anfwered, I had no inclination to accept of that honour, and therefore de!ired him to give my thanks to all that were fo well affetted to me.

10. Myne Hcere van Zeelin, and the Dutch Embaffadors, ca1ne to my houfe to vifit me.

Dec. 10. Doctor Plot (a) ca1ne to me, to requeft me to nominate him to be Reader, at Oxford, of the philofophical lecture upon natural things. I told him if the univcrfity liked him, he fuould have my fuffrage.

19. 2 Hor.pojlmerid. Mrs. 0gilby died. This morning my tooth, next my foretooth, in my upper ja,v, ·was very loofe, and I eafily pulled it out.

Having received feveral letters from Litchfield, to requeft me to ftand for a Parlian1ent-man there: I at length confented, provided it was not too late : and upon attempting it by others for me, found it was fo ; for I found the magiftrates and friends not fo cordial to tne as I expected, and therefore drew off and would not fiand.

(o) S .e Appendix. A a

354

THE LIFE OF'

1678.Feb.9. On� of 111y middle teeth, in my lower jaw, was broke out while I was at dinner.

Mar. 23. The: gout took me in my right toe.

Apr. 4. I I Hor. 30 1ninutes ante merid. my wife told meJ that l'virs. Tredefca,nt was found drowned in her pond. She was drowned the day before about noon, as appeared by fome circuml:1:ance.

6. 8 Hor. pefl merid. She was buried in a vault in Lambeth Churchyard, ,.,,here her hufband and his fon John had been forn1erly laid.

22. I removed the pictures from Mrs, Tredefcant's houfe to 1nine.

May 1 r. My· Lord Bilh�p of Oxford, and Dr. Nicholas, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, gave me a vifit at my houfe, 7 Hor. 30 min. ante merid.

June 18. Mr. Lea and his wife's releafe to me of the one hundred pounds I was to pay after Mrs. Tredefcant's death, bears date.

July 17. About eight of the clock this morning I was ferved with a fubpc:ena out of the Chancery, at Mr.Searles's fuit.

Aug. 5. The Earl of Peterborough came to vifit 111e at my chamber in the • Temple, and to fee my collection of coins.

Sept. 28. I took 1ny purging pills.

29. I bled with leeches.

1679.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� 3S5

J679. Jan. 26. Io Hor.po.fl11,erid. The fire in the Temple began next room to my chamber, and burned my library, &c.

Mar. 25. I ente!'ed upon the houfe and ground adjoin�ng to my houfe at SouthLambeth, which Mr. Bartholmew let me a Ieafe of.

31. 9 Hor. 45 minutes ante merid. Mr. Bartholmew fealed my leafe.

April I firO: became acquainted with the Lord Roberts

June 8. I ,vent to Sir-- Napier, at Great Linford in Buckinghamfhire, and came thither next day 8 Hor.po.ft merid.

r4. I returned to London.

27. I vifited Monfieur Spanheim.

Aug. 15. My Lord Grace of Canterbury, (Dr. Sancroft) came to vifit me at my houfe, and fpent a great part of the day with me in my ftudy.

25. Sir Jonas lVIoore, Surveyor of the Ordnance, and my old friend, died.

Sept. 2. Sir Jonas fvioore was buried in the Tower-Church.

About the end of October I vvas much troubled \.vith the vertigo.

I68o. Mar. 1 5. 8 pojl mr:rid. I fell ill of the gout in my left great toe.

20. It fell into my right great toe, and this fit held me for five weeks.

Apr. 17. My wife fell ill of a rheu◄ matifm.

A a 2 June

356

THE L I EE OF

June 28. The Countefs of Clarendon came to vifit me and my wife.

Jnly 26. The Archbi!hop of Canterbury's fiftcr and niece crune to vifit my wife.

Sept. 6. The Earl of Radnor, Lord Prefident of the Council, \.vith his Lady and daughters, dined at my houfe.

l 5. 5 Ii.or. 30 minutes po.ft merid. Sir Charles Cotterell prefented me to the Prince Elector Palatine, in the Councilcha1nber, whofe hand I ki!fed, and had n1uch difcourfe with him about the Order of the Garter, into -..vluch he was ready to be elected.

16. 2 Hor. pefi n:erid. I prefented the faid Prince with one of my books of the Garter; whi:ch he courteoufly received : and no,y I had much difcourfo with him.

1 8. Sir Charles Cotterell told me this morning, that one of the Prince Elector's gentlemen caine to him the day before, to de.fire me to dine with hin1 this day. Hereupon I attended him accordingly, and he placed me next hi,nfelf, on his left hand, and received me with great rcfpect; and wh�n 'be rofe, took .1ne afide, and told me he had heard n:1uch of 1ny wotth and efteem, and defired to have a correfpondence with ine, after he returned into his country..

Sept. 24.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, EsQ. 357

Sept. 24. This day between eleven and twelve, my eftcemed good friend Mr. John Stanielbyof Clement's-Inndied. He fell fickat Northampton the 17th infrant, between eleven anq. twelve of the clock, as he was co,ning towards London from his native country, DerbyJ11ire. He \Vas buried the :z6th ofSeptember at night, in a vault, in St. Clen1ent Danes church, under the feats belongingto thegentlemen of Cle1nent's-Inn. I-le gave 1ne this legacy by his will, viz. ' I·rEM, I give ' to my honoured friend Elias Afhn10Je ' Efq. and his Wife, each of them a rin_!; ' of twenty {hillings value, and likewife ' what books in my ftudy he !hall pleafe ' to make choice of (many of them being ' his noble gift to me after I had loft ' many of my own by the ii.re at my ' chamber).'

The Prince Elector Palatine, at his departure, on September 18, put a 1nedal of gold into Sir Charles Cotterell's hands, ,vhich had his father's picture on the one fide, and an efcutchc<,n of his arms on the other, fupported by a lion; and bade him to deliver it to me, and to affure n1e, that \¥hen he came borne, he would allo fend 1ne one of his ovv n. 27. This day, Sir Charles Cotterelfent me the 111edal.

358

TUE L I F E OF

November 4. Mr. Bartholome\v {ea.led me a new leafe of my houfe, &c. in SouthLambeth.

16. I received from the hands of Sir Robert Southwell, lately returned from Berlin, a gold chain with a medal, from the Elector of Brandenburgh. It is co,npofed of ninety links of philagreen links 1n great knobs, n1oft curious work. Upon the one fide is the Elecl:or's effigy, on the other, the view of Strallfund, and made upon the rendition of that city into his hands. It v,eighs twenty two ounces.

29. I waited on the King, and acquainted him with the honour the Elector had done me, and ihewed hi1n the chain. He liked it well, and com1nended the workmanfhip, 1681.Feb.9. Mr.Willialn Chiffinch,· Clofet-keeper to the King, dined at n1y houfe, and then told me that his nephew Thomas Chiffinch (fon to Thoinas Chiffinch, my moft worthy friend) died the week before.

1vlarch I 5. Between nine and ten ante merid. Mr.Butler, the minifl:er and aftrologian, brought me acquainted with Sir Edward Deering, brother to Sir Ed..,vard Deering, now one of the Lords Commiffioners of the Treafury, April S· Having been very lame in the· hollow of my .right foot moft part of the .z winter

-

ELIA-.& A-SHMOL-E., Es� ·359

winter {occafioned, as I fuppoftt, by applying pultices to my-gout,which relaxed my tendons) this evening my pains \Vere fo encreafed I COllld fcarce go, and put me into fo great a heat, that I becatne very feveri!h, and n1y urine pricked me fore as it came from me.

6. I took my ufual fweat, \vhich made me "vell, and frrengthcncd n1y tendons, fo that the next day I V.'Cnt to London, and ,valked much up and down theftrects, 1,vithout any pain: at night I beca1ne hot, and flept ill.

9. I I Hor. 45minutes pofl nrerid, I fell into a cold fit of an ague, \vhich, with the hot fit, held me fcvcn hours.

r r. I took, early in the morning, a good dofe of Elixir, and hung three fpiders about my neck, and they drove 1ny ague ·away--Deogratias.

14. Dr. Gunning, Bifhopof Ely, can1e this afternoon to vifit me at my houfe, andftaid in my ftudytill night.

May 19. My worthy friend and n1y neighbour, both at the Temple and in the country, Thomas Siderfin Efq; died, near Epfo1n, 11bout 4 Hor. pq/f merid.

24. Mr. Siderfin \Vas buried in Lambeth Church.

25. At the end of dinner Mr. Lilly's left fide of his 1nouth was dra-.vn afide, but recovered agai11.

A a 4

30. This

30. This evening the dead palfy feizcd on the left fide of my old friend Mr.' William Lilly, afirologer.

June 2. 1\ifr. Lilly took a vomit: at night he took his bed.

4. I went to vifit him, but found him beyond hope.

9. 3 Hor. ante merid. Mr. Lilly died.

10. 8 Hor.pofl men'd. He \Vas buried in the chancel of Walton Church.

12. I bought Mr. Lilly's libraryof books. of his wido\V for fifty pounds.

12. I fold one of my chainbers at the Temple to Mr. --- Holt, for one hundred and thirty eight pounds : and in this evening he was admitted.

17. This day my god-daughter--the only child of my neighbour Thomas Siderfin Efq; died.

July 1. Mr. Sa,,vbridge the ftationer, an old friend of Mr. Lilly's and mine,' died.

6. Mr. Sawbridge '".'as buried in the' middle aifle of St. Bridget Church in Fleetftreet.

This day my ·wife went towards BlythHall, with Sir vVilliam Dugdale, her father, to vifit her mother.

Aug. 12. Sir George Wh3.rton died at Enfield between one and two in the mornJng.

18. My wife returned from Blyth-Hall.

25. Sir

ELIA�-ASHMOLE, Es� j6't

%5. Sir George Wharto11 was buried in the To...,ver.

September 19. Mywife mifcarried, having gone about three months.

October 1. I took purging. phyfick.

2. I took my [V'.reat for the prevention of ihe gout.

4. About 8 Hor. ante merid. I fell fick pf the cholick, whichheld me with lharp pains, efpecially on my right fide, for 24 hours; and then I was prefently eafed, by applying bay-falt and bran, heated in a frying-pan; but before nothing elfe could eafe me.

24.Mr. Thomas Flatman came to my houfe to vifit 1ne.

November I. Mrs. Lilly came to my houfe, and frayed a week.

4. About 9 Hor. ante merid. I fealed an aflignment ofmyjudgment of I 200 /. formerly given me by Sir Robert Thomas, and about an hour after, received from Sir Robert Clayton 800/. a compofition agreed on with Sir Robert Thomas, out of which I gave hi1n 70 /. Dece1nber 18. (a) About 4 pojl ml'rid. my dear 1nother-in-la\v, the Lady Dugdale, died.

21. She was buried in a fepukhre made in the chancel of Shufr�ck church, by

(a) Vide!afipageofSirWilliamDugda:e•sLife-London, I714.8vo.

362 THE LIFE OF

Sir William Dugdale, for himfelf and her.

1682. Mar. 10. About 5Hor.p�//nierid. I received a fummons, to appear at a lodge to be held the next day at MafonsHallin London,

1 1. Accordingly I went, and about noon ,vas admitted into the fellowfhip of Free-Mafons, by Sir William Wilfon Knight, CaptainRichardBorthwick, Mr. \Villiam Wodman, Mr. William Grey, l\1r. Samnel Taylour, and Mr. William Wife.

I was the fenior fello\v among them (it being thirty five years fince I was admitted) there ,vas prefent befides myfelf

t!-ie fellows afternan1ed, Mr. Thomas Wife, MafteroftheMafons-companythis prefentyear; Mr.ThomasShorthofe,Mr. 'Thomas Shadbolt,--Waidsfford, Efq; Mr. Nicholas Young., Mr, John Shorthofe, Mr. William Ha1non, Mr. John Thompfon, and Mr. William Stanton.

\1/e all dined at the Half-Moon-Tavern in Cheapfide, at a noble dinner prepared �t thechargeof thenew-acceptedMafons.

April 1. My wife fell ill of a rheumatifm: itbegan inher left ancle, tl1en into herleft knee and right toe.

1�. Sir Charles Cotterell carried me to the Morocco Embaffador.

ELIAS ASHMO.LE, Es� 363

, Alcade, Abdelloe, andBon1onzore came to my houfe, and dined with me.

May 17. George Smaldridge"vaselecl:ed outof -Weftminfter-School togoto Chrift Church in Oxford.

20. The Marquis of \1/orcefter and Earl of Ayle!bury, with their eldeft fons, gave me a vifit at my houfe this afternoon.

22. Thisnight, fcratching therightii.de of my buttocks, above the fundament, thenceproceeded a violentfharp humour.

25. I applied pultices thereunto (and now was not able to fit or lie upon my bed) it was n1ade of white bread crums, oil of rofes and rofe-leaves.

28. The pultices having well drawn the humour out, I applied Ungucntum Nutritum to it.

June 4. Being hard bound in my body l '\Vas five hours before I couldgo to ftool, and fuffered much tonnent.

9. Ipurged Vl'ith pills. I 3. I went abroad again, thanks be to God.

17. Bomonzore dined .with me, and gave me feveral excellent receipts.

July 5. The Mo1;occoEmbaffadordined at my houfe.

1 3. The /\,ftrologer's feaft ,vas reftored by Mr. Moxon,

J6.

364

T.HE LIFE OF

r6. The LordLanfdown, and Sir '\lv'illiam Haward gave me a kind vi!it at n1y houfe.

20. The Morocco Embaffador made ready to go away, but the Alcade Oipt ?Ut of his lodgings, and hindered his Journey.

2 r. The Alcade was taken.

22. This morning I gave the Morocco E1nbaffador a large magnifying gla!s. In the afternoon the Alcade returned to the Embafiador's lodgings.

23. About 3 in the morning the Embaf f ador went a\vay.

Auguft 16. I v.ent towards Oxford, to fee the building prepared to receive my rarities, where I arrived about 7 of the clock in the evening.

17. Between 8 and 9. I fidl: faw the faid building. I was invited by the ViceChancellor, and dined withhimat �een's College.

22. 6 Hor. 30 minutes poJl merid. I arrived back at my houfe.

October 23. My Lord Chancellor Finch fent for me to cure him of his rheumatifin. I dined there, but would not undertake tlje cure.

,1683. Jaµuary 23. I took a great cold, going by water, and kept my chamber three days.

ELIA$ ASHMOLE, Es� 365

29. The Afh:olagers feaft was held at the Three Cranes in Chancery-Lane: Sir Edward Deeri11g and the To"vn-clerk of London \Vere ftewards.

}'ebruary 2. My picture (after fent to Oxford) came home 3 Hor. po.ft mend. I acquainted Mr. Woolrich, 1n part, with �he fccret of raifing flo\vers from a virginea1th.

r 5. I began to put up my rarities in cafes to fend to Oxford.

March 7. I took purging pills, which wrought very well.

1 o. The gout fell into my left great toe this morning.

14. The laft load of my rarities were fent to the barge, and this afternoon I re• lapfcd into the gout.

2 1. The gout fell into my right great toe.

April 8. l\tiajor Huntingdon came to my li0ufe, to vifit me.

10. I took my pills, and purged very well.

1 1. The pains in my feet returned.

24. Mr. Anthony Bo.vyer, and his lady, came to viiit me and my wife.

25. I went fi.rft abroad, after fo long <:onfinen1ent, by reafon of my gout.

26. Dr. Smalhvood, Dean of Litch. field, died.

366

THE LIFE OF

Angufr 6. The furveyors of the highways beganto raifethecaufey at Horfhead Still.

9. They finifi1ed their work, all at my charge.

Septemher 5. I took pills,

6. I took a fweat,

7. I took leeches : all \vrought very well.

17. Monfieur Job Ludolph came to vifit me.

23. I .6.rft faw Dr. Lifter, at my Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury's at dinner.

24. The Prince Elector of the Rhine's fecretary dinedwith me. As alfo a nobleman of that country, a fon of a patrician of Nurembergh, and Dr. Lifter.

26. AftitchtooR meat thefettingon of my left hip,

28. I was very muchtroubled withit.

October 8. MonfieurLodolph, andhis fon, dined with me.

10. I gave Mr. Heyfeg a book of the Garter: my ·wife gave him three gold buckles.

16. The Commiffioners of the Excife dined with me.

30. I took leave of Monfieur Ludolph andhis fon, whowere returning intoGer� many_.

November, Monfieur Ludolph went fro1n London.

,.. ELIAS ASHMOLE, Eso.:. 367

D.ecember. 7. A boil began under my cl}in..

26. 6 Hor. 30 minutes ante 111erid. I had a long fit ot a vertigo.

1684. February 4. Mr. Jean Schielderas, the Bi!hop of Bergen's fon, and Ivir. Godfreed R.ofs, a Prnffian, vifited me.

March 5. I I Hor. ante merid. a green ftaff was fent 1ne by the Steward of St. Thomas's Hofpital, with a fignification that I was chofen one of.the Governors.

April6. Major Huntingdon dined with nte.

8. There was an inftallation of George Prince of Denmark.

21. Major Huntingdon died : and this day Mr. ThoJllaS Hen!haw, Mr. Rogers, Dr. More, and Dr. Bernard dined at my houfe.

30. Major Huntingdon was buried at St. Botolph Alderfgate church.

May 5. 2 Hor. po.fl merid. I laid the foundation of my new ftable.

I4. I took a fweat.

19. Sir Thomas Walcot came to vifit me.

June 27. I bruifed 1ny left great toe.

July r8. ro Hor. 1 5 minutes ante 1nerid. my two coach-horfes were brought to me. •

22. My coach vvas broughtto me.

368

THE LIFE OF

23. I went towards Oxford..

28. I returned horne.

Auguft 4. Several French gentlemen, and Johannes Serenins Chodowidkey, a Polander, came to vifit tne.

6. I rubbed the fkin near my ru1np, whereupon it began to be very fore.

8. Ipurged.

9. I took leeches.

10. I purged again.

12. I applied a plaifter to it.

15. J\.1r. Agur applied a balfo.m.

17. The fore began to break.

18. Di·. Plott, fent from Oxford tovifit roe, cameto me.

19. J fell into a loofenefs, which con• tinued for two davs.

24. Mr. Agur·lanced the fore.

26. Being hard bound, I·wastwo hours before 1 could go to ftool, and then with exceeding great trouble.

31. I was lanced again, to prevent a fiftula.

September 10. By this time the fore,. near myfundament, was healed.

Oetober 20. Sir Thomas Duppa, and Mr Matthews dined withme.

November 19. Dr.Plott prefented me with his book de Origine Fqntium, which he had dedicatecl to me.

24. My teeth began to be loofe.

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� 3-69

December 8. Mr. Haak brought Mr. Bowen of Upton in Pembrokefhire, to vifit me.

19. Dr. Chamberlainpropofedto meto bring Dr.I,.ifier tomy·wife, that hemight undertake her.

2:2. They both came to my houfe, and Dr. Lifter did undertake her.

1685. January 24. I wns much troubled with my teeth, in r.-..y upper ja\v, on my left lide, ·which, by fits, continued for a week; and then I hclcl pills in my mouth, made of burned allom,. pepper, and tobacco, "vhich dre,v much rheum from n1e, andfo I waseafed.

February 6. King Charles II. my gra. cious 1nafter; died.

14. About 9pqfl merid. he was buried.

13. I took a violent cold, which held me tillthe 5thof nextmonth.

26. I took my purging pills;

27. I tookn1y fvveat, bothworked very •.veil.

March 2. 5 Hor. 15 minutes pqfl merid. I received an obliging letter from the Bailiffs, Jufrices, &c. of Litchfield; fo alfo from the Dean, inviting me to frand to be one of their Burgeffes for Parliament. I fent them word that I ·would ftand:

3. \Vhereupon they fet about getting votes for 1ne, and I found the citizens Bb very

370

THE L I F E OF very affecl:onate and hearty. About a fortnight after n1y Lord J)artn1outh told me, the King \vould take it kincly fron1 me, if I \voul<l give way to Mr. Lewfon. Upon this I applied tnyfdf to my Lord Tre·a[urer, and dcfired to know of him the King's pleafure, by whom I found it ,vas t\e King's defire, and then I immediatdy wrote down, to acquaint my friends that I ,vould refign; but they ,vould not believe my letter, which occafioned me to go to theKing, and let him know [o 111uch; v,ho told 1ne hedid not kno\v I ftood, when he gave Mr. Le\vfon encouragcinent togo down, for if hehad, be would not have done it. I told hi1n I \Vas �.11 obedience, which he took very kindly. I then wrote down again, to a{:. fun: them T would fit do"vn, and fo Mr. Lev.rfon, with the affiftance of my votes, carried it at the day of election.

April r. 6 I-Ior. pefl merid. I firfr became acquainted with Mr. Negos, fecretary to the 0uke of Norfolk.

27. £v1r. -- of Nurembergh, and a French gentle1nan, ·which Ivir. Labadie brought aiong withhi1n, dined with me.

Ivlay 1. Judge Walcot, and Mr. Cook, the Prothonotary dined with me.

4. Monfieur Spanhein1, Envoy eti·aor<linaryfrom the Elecl:orof Brandenburgh, 311d his Lady, and .i'vlonfieur Bdior his agent

ELIAS ASHMOLE', Es� 37r

'agent here, with Sir Charles Cotterel, his La<ly, and fon, dined'vvith me.

5. The Duke of Norfolk invited me to dine with him the next day; which I did, and ,vas \vell received.

13. I took my purging pills,

1 4. And my fweat.

29. I vifited Dr.-Smith, Bil11op of Car]i{l::, ,vho ,vas of my anc:icnt acquaintance at Oxford.

3 1. This night again a pain (in my l1eep) took me in my middle toe of n1y right foot, \.Vhich removed to my ancle, and after three days went away.

June 2. !:. pain took the uppermoil: tooth but one, on the right fi<le of my uppermoft jaw. , 4. My faid tooth funk fo lo\.v I could not chew. , 9. A boil rofe in the left fide of my throat.

17. This evening I had a grievous fit of the toothach.

July 9. 1'he Countefs of Clarendon, Bilhop of St. Afaph, Mr. Henfhavr, Mr. Evelyn, Dr. TeniJon, and l\1r. Frafier fupped at my houfe.

1 1. The Earl of Radnor fell fick about noon.

17. 1 Hor. pofl merid. The Earl of Radnor died. Bbz .20.

372

THE L I F E 01"

20. Dr. Ridgley (my old acquaintance) gave me a vifit.

:a1. I went to \.Vindfor, to theinftallation of the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Peterborough, and Lord Treafurer.

25. The Earl of Radnor's body was carried into Cornwall.

Auguft 4. I and my wife went to Mr\ Napier·s at BrookhilL

5. We went to Mr. Hutchinfon's at Delroe.

8. We returned home, 1_0. A boil began to appearirt my right groin.

13. This 11ight my boil broke.

15. Another appeared a little higher, butit died.

24. I went to Windfor, to the Inftallation of the Earl of Feverfham.

Septe1nber 5. Paffing upon the Thames1 I took a great cold.

9. I took a purge.

10. I took a fweat.

October r3. I took my fweat.

28. The Earl of Peterborough !hewed me his rare collection of gems and ancient rings.

30. I beca1ne acquainted ·with l\1r. Cary, "vho came lately from Berlin. He told 1ne his Electoral Highnefs of Brandenburgh <lid often fpeak, "vith a great deal of honour, of me, and ddigned to hav� 1ny

ELIAS ASHMOLE, EsQ. 371 my book of the Garter tranflated into Dutch. _, ·Nove1nber Jo. This morning I had fome d:fcourfe with Mr. Gerard, about p11rchafii1g Nlr. Plommer's farm.

16.Mr. Dean of \11/indfor, and Dr. Cha1nberlain the Civilian, brought Sir lohn F�ulconcrof Scotland, todine with -.ie. I found him a very ingenious gentlemen, -.veil read in his O\Vn country antiquities and coins.

Decernber 3. I firft fat upon the Comn1iflion of S.:\vers, it being opened this n1orning, and myfelf named therein ; but nothing further was done at this fitting.

14. Sir John Faulconer dined ·withme, an� I gave him divers of my Englifh C◊lnS.

r6. I •,vaited 011 the Earl of Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, as far as St. Albans in his journey thither. The jolting of the coach, ·wbich drove very hard, raifed a [welling in my left breech.

1686. January 9. l\1r. Cook, 1ny neighbc:>ur at South Larnbeth, ha\·ing lately iet up a pale along his garden, ancl en<:roached upon the church-\Yay abollt t\vo foot, I undertook td complain of it; and this day l\tlr. Coopex, his. landlord, and r.iyfclf, upon a debate on the matter, µgreed (by_ his confont) to fct it back a 13 b 3 foot

374 THE LIFE OF foot and an half, which was done accordingly.

zo. 1'heCommiffionersof Sewers n1et, and I (with fome others of the Comniiffioners) took my oath.

.February r. Sir John Faulconer, a Scotch gentlemani died.

4. He was buried this night in the church of St. Margaret Wefhninfter.

1o. This 1norning I drean1ed, that being at my old houfe in Shire-Lane, the :fideof the garret ieen1edto totter andfall, infomuch that I thought the houfe itfdf would prefentlyfall down.

This afternoon, about one of the clock my wife's father, SirWilliam Dugdale, died.

14. I moved the Duke of Norfolk, on my brother Dugdale's behalf, th�t he ,voulcl rnove the King, that hemight fucceed hiw, whichhe pro1nifed to do; (but I found him more inclinable to prefer Sir ThomasSt. George). In his difcourfe he told 1ne, no man was fitter for the place thanmyfelf, if I \vould acceptof it; but I made the fame excufe to him as I did to his father, after the death of Sir Edward \,Valker.

19. The Puke of Norfolk propofed to me, to give.myLrother Dugdale the place of Norroy, and the next day gave him �!furancc of it '. '

ELIAS ASI1MOLE, Es� 37S

]\,farch 26, This night I piffed fo much, that I feared a diabetes, not\vithftanding I had kept n1yfrlf very temperate all the fpring time.

27. This morning I grew ill and very hot, and was troubled with a {harpnefs of urine. I took fyrup of \vhite lilies in pofi'et-drink1 and the next day an emulfion of the foqr cooling feeds, (this kept me temperate) ,vith -.vater of violets and wood-bine, to wafh my niouth; and giving myfclf reft and eafe, I thank God, I recovered in a few days.

April 5. I took my f,veat.

May 6. My \Vife took Dr. Nagel's tineture.

17. I firft dined at St. Thomas's Hofpital, the general court being held there this day.

20, I I Hor. r 5 minutes ante 11,erid. I firft fat upon the con11niffion for fharitable ufes.

23. Dr. Plot prefented me with his Na4 tural I-Iiftory of Staflordfhire.

26. IVIr. Plu1n1ncr fealed his part of the conveyance of the farm to 01.e, and his �•ife :.icknowkdged a fine before the Chief Juftice of the Comn1on Pleas.

July 10. This n1orning early the fangtooth in the right fidc: of my upper jaw fell out.

376

THE LI F E QF

1 3. I began to repair my barn at So�th Lambeth for Goodman Ingram.

25. I took my fwcat.

Auguft 2. I and my wife went to Brockhill to Mr. Napier's.

7. V'(e went to Delroe to Mr: Hutchin-:fon's.

9. We ret11rned to South Lambeth.

I 3· The gout fell into 1ny left great toe : I applied leeches.

28. I applied black fnails to my right foot, they oeing bruifed; but they bliftered and poifoned the top of 1ny foot, and after feveral breakings out, it was healed towards the middle of October.

September 8. I took my ufqal fweat.

23. 5 Hor. 30 minutes pofl merid. I agreed upon conditionswith Goodman Ing,aro, to make hin1 a Jeafe of the farm I bought of l\tlr: Plummer, except th� oat-field.

29. Sir Philip Floyd (who had the reyerfion of myo'ffice in the Excife) died.

October 7'. I waited upon the K1ng, 'Upon his return to to,vn from Windfor, who was pleafed to receive me with much kir.dnefs.

12. I tqok a great cold in rny neck, which held n1e fix days.

z5. 6 Hur. 45 p qjl merid. 1 fealed tl\e Jeafo of John Ingram.

ELIA-S A-SHMOLE,· Eso.:. 377

·'26: ·The· ran.ning g_out feized on my wife's right infrep. It continued ihifting into her arn1s and knees wi,th great tornlent "till after Eafter, and then ihe began to fet her feet on the ground, yet was not able to go abroad till towards Midfummer.

29. I received a letter fron1 Sir I-Ienry Chauncey, Treafurer of the Temple, to invite me to the bench, but I v.rrote him �n excufe ; and next day gave reafons for my refufal.

December 7. The Commiffioners of Excife moved the Lord Trcafurer, {hewing the neceffity of my having another clerk, and oqtained 8-o/. per ,/Jn. falary for him.

23. 10. Hor. 30 n1inutes ante merid. I received my order from the Lord Treaiurer, for a nc;v clerk, with 80/. per An. fi1lary.

23. This day 1ny nephew Dugdale (Sir John Dugdale's fon) was married.

1687. January 5. The Earl of Ro�hefter furrendered his ftaff.

, 6. About 6 pqjl 1nerid. the Commiffion for the Lord Commiffioner� ·was opened and read.

,8. • . This morning the Co1nmiffioners of Excife, and myfelf, w�ited on the ncv,r Lords Commiffioners of the Trean1ry.

378

Tnz LIFE OF

1 3. The gout fell into my right hand, which difabled 1nc from ufing n1y pt:n for above a quarter of a year.

16. Itook my fweat.

17, 18, 19. Iwas 1nuch troubled ,vith the "'ind chollck.

24. I applied leeches to 1ny right hand.

27. The [welling of 1nyh&nd abated.

28. There ,vere two tides this n1orn. 1n5. February 8. Tlus �ftcrnoon the gout fwelLed n1y hand again, and the night pafied with great torn1ent.

4. This night 1ny hand did tnoft grievot1flypain n1e.

l'vlarch 3. This afternoon I andmy ,vife were both fuddenly ftruck with a cold and hoarfeneis.

I felt the cffecl:s of this hoarfencfs, in tht: back part of n1y throat, for a long tin1e after.

22. 2 Hor. 30 minutes pofl merid. An iffi.1e ,vas made in my left arn1. April 16. l\tly "vife took Mr. Bigg·s ,·omit, ,vhich wrought very well.

19. She took pulvisJanciu1, in theafter,. noon fhc took cold.

N.B. That both ,vcre too ftrong phyfick for her.

2 r. My wife fell very ill, and into a great weakne1s.

i6. Ipurged with myufual pills,

ELIAS ASHf\10LE, Eso.:. 379

27. Itook my ufualfweat.

To\vards the end of this month 1ny wifebegan to mend, but notfully recovertill afortnightafter.

July 16. 'l�his morning I received a Parcel of books from J. W. Irnhoff of Nuren1bergh, among \vhich ,vas his Ex-. cellentium Fami/iaru,11 in Gallia Genealogia.

Augufi 3 r. Sir JohnChardin,andl\1r. Bever, came to South Lambeth, to vifit me.

September 14. 10 Hor. 40 minutes antemerid. I fat foraiecondpicturetoMr. Ryley.

October 5. r 1 Hor. 7 minutes anft me.,, rid. theEarl Marfhal's Court firil: fat in the PaintedCha1nberat Weil:minfter.

7. Dr. Plot came to meat my office, ;and told n1e, thatthe Earl Marfhal had chofenhi1n R.egifter of theCourt.

8. I o Hor. ante merid. I ,vent firft to the Earl Marfhal's Court, and when his Lordfhiprofe, heinvitedmeto dinewit.Ii him; whichIdid.

9. Itook my ufualfweat.(a)

('1) liereend�Mr. A!hmole'sl\1, $. •

WHAT -re1nains further, I'!hall give you in the words of' l\,fr. ... John Aubrey, F. R. S. who in his defigned Survey of the County of Surrey, (repofited in the A{hmolean Mnfcun1 at Oxford)towards the beginning, has thefe ,vords--"And now I am co1ne as a " 1nourncr to perform 1ny 12ft office at " the grave of 1ny worthy friend Elias " Afhmole, Efq. whofebody liethburied " in the South aiflc (of the Church of " SouthLambeth) at theEafrend, onthe " Korth fideof it, under ablack n1arbl�, . 1' with this infcription.

Hiejacet inclytus i!le & ervditf/J/mus

Elias Afhmole Lr:iclfe.1de,yisArmiger, inter-a!ia ill Rciublica Munera, 'I'ributi incer.,..;1cias contra rotulator, F<Zcialis autem Win1forie1!/istitulo per annosplurimosdignatus, !i?.!Jipo.ft duo cc,nnubt�linUxorttmduxittertiam

El:zabetbam Gulielmi Dugdale

Militis, Gartrri Principalis I?.egis Armorunz jili1im;

Mortemobiit I 8 l\llati, I 692, annor,etalis 76. Sed durante Miyt1to Ajhmoleano, Oxon. nunquam moriturus.

Near it, is an atchievement fet up for the fame perfon, ,vhereonis thefollowing coat

ELIAS ASHMOLE, Es� 381

coatof arms, viz. �arterly, Sableand Or,.the fii;.11 quarterona Fleur de /is; of the fecqnd: Afhmole, impaling Dugdale, viz1 Argent, acrofsmalinesGules, andaTorteaux,withthisMotto-Ex una omn1a.

Over the entrance to the Mufreum, fronting the ftreet is the following infcripa tionincapitalletters:

Mt!fteum Ajhmoleanum, Sebo/a Natura/is Hiflorice, Ojficina Chymica.

Over the door of Mr. Afhmole's Library, at the top of the ftairs, is the following infcription, in letters ofgold, 1/tZ.

Libri I111pre.Jli & Manu(criptt' edont's Clarf/f. Viroru111 D. ElireA{hmole&Martini Lifter quibu,non paucosaddidit Virindujirias

nee injime de Re Antiquaria Promeritus D. Johannes Aubrey .de Eafton Peirce apud Wiltonienfes Arm. & Soc. Reg. Socius.

0 p

Original Letters fent to and from Mr. Afhn1ole.

A letter of thanks from the corporation of Litchfield, upon the receipt of a filver bowl, prefented to them by Mr. Afumole.

For the truly honoured Elias Afhn10Ie, Efq. at his chamber in the Middle Temple, overSerjeantMaynard's chamber. In his abfence, to be left with the Butler or Porter of the Micidle Temple, London.

Honoured Sir,

Up o N Thurfday, being the 17th day ofthis inftant January (a day ever to be rubrical amongft our city ren1em-

n1cn1br;1nccs) \Ve received your Tina Argcnt:::a, your munificent ftlver bo\�'!, cloathed, in its delivery, with all thole rid1 circumftances of advantage, that could poffibly either enable the gift to befi1eak the goodnefs and prudence of the giver, or invite the fairell acceptation in the receiver. For if -,,ve confider the perfon from whom, it is the gift of an Elias, a hcr::ti�l, not only proclaiming, but actually contributing good thin�s to our city ; and that by the hands of a Zacharias, a faithful n1e!f:!nger, who with the gift, did cmphatic:illy con11nnnicatc the icnle and goocl aff'.!ction of the giver. And if we confider the time it \vas prefented, it 1,vas the day of our Epiphany fe!lions of the peace for this city, ·where our Bailiffs, High-Steward, Sherift·, Grand Jury, and the reft of the body politick of this ancient and loyal corporation, togcth�r v:ith other pedons of qu:i.lity both of the clergy and laity ,vere convened together, and fo became prefent at this great offering : As if fonie propitious ftar arifing in the £;1.lt, had ,at this time) gone before our :Vlagus, fteering its courie to this our city of Litchfield (the Sarcpta of our Eli:is) a!1d ftood over the new-erected pyramids of our cathedral ("•here as yet a '.'�ar appears) darting its be11ign influence upon this poor and loyal city, inviting the

Iviagi

384 A P P E N D I X, Magi fro1n afar, to offer fome t1;bute to it: A city that bath no�hing to glory in, hutits ancient and modern loyalty to God and Crefar, evidenced by her ancient bearinginthecityefcutheon(threeKnights martyred) as ancient as the days of Dioclefian, and her nun1e fignifying a field of blood then fpilt; to which may be welladded her1nodern and u11paralleled 1oyaity to that bleffed faint (now in heaven) King Charles the martyr; univerfally ,vitnefled bythofe honourablemarks, eraces, al"d wounds of loyalty, fhe yet bears upon her perfons, temples, ftreets, and walls; (trophies of honour) fufficientlyblazing tothe,vorldthetrueheraldry of her ancient arms: nor haYe you only given us this great cratera (upon which you have wifely i1npreft our city arms) to folace the beft of the city, after their timeof fuffering; but, like one of thofe true Magi that offered to Chrift in his pooreft condition, you have largely of� fered to the repair of his church, our ruined cathedral, ·which, bythe unwearied labour, prudence, piety, and charity of ourgood (a) Biil1op, a fecond Ccdda, and the charity of yourfelf, and others, happily depofited in his h:inds, is (almoft to a miracle) fo ,vell and fo foon rcftored

(a) Dr. Hacket, again.

ttgain. But you have likewife annually and liberally offered, relieved, and refrefhed Chrift in his members, the poor of our city. Ahd as if you intended pioufiy to cngrofs and cover all our neceffities, under thatwarm and nourifhing mantle of Elias, we have r�ceived intimation of your promifes of greatergood intended tius great city. No\v, Sir, give us leave to conclude (having been already too tedious) by informing you that, acc.ording to your defirc, (upon the firft receipt of your Poculum Charitatis, at the fign of the George for England) we filled it with catholick wine, and devoted it a fober health to our moft gracious King, which being of fo l:irge a continent, paft the hands of thirty to pledge; nor did y;e forget yourfelf irt the next place, being our great Mrecenas; affur1ng you that (Godwilling) ,veihall take courfe that this great Tina Argentea £hall, with our city-mace, and other publick enfigns of dignity and authority, be carefully tranfmitted, by i.'1denture, from Bailiffs to Bailiffs, in a continual fucceffion, fo long as this ancient and loyal corporation through the favour of Princes (\vhichvie hope, \ve fuall never forfeit) {hall have a charter to give it 1ifeandbeing. Forvvhichendyourmany other 1nultiplied favours to this poor C c city,

386 A f P E N D I X. city, we, the pre(ent Bailiffs of thiscity, do, in the name (and by the defire) of our whole company, return you m<;>ft hearty thanks, fubfcribing ourfelves, what ,ve truly are, Sir, Your obligedfaithfulfriends,_ Li1chfield, 26 . Jan. 1666. To ferveyou, J O H N BAR N E S, HEN. BAKER.

A

Preface to the

Catalogue ofArch­

bifhop Laud's Medals, drawn up by Mr. Ailimole, and preferved in the publick Library at Oxford, and referred to in Page 33 2· ef this Work.

Lectod Benevolo, :,.,,.,P"-"?""',!) �,.,J.,,,1tovli,, C UM Oxoniam (Britannici lumen orbisprincipium, grandeque decus) 'commentandi gratia annos aliquot ante, mecontuliffem, Collegio Reginenfi Prrepofiti (tunetemporis autemin inclyti hac Univerfitate,ProtoBibliothecariiBodleiani)

Docl:oris

Docl:oris Barlow poftu1atio, imo & ex.. pofl:i:ilatiome rto� med_io�riteraffi�ere. �erebatur en1m exnn1re docl:nnre V1r, h1ter Academicos, (temporibusdifficillimis illis quiden1, & tyrannide Cromwelliana invalefr:ente, duriffimis) paucos ttltn fu4 pereflet plurimis, artis & naturre dotibus fnfpiciendis, Ofl:racifn10 etiamnum pulfis, a\1t (11ec vanus tin1or)propediem pellen. dis, qui adreiAntiquarireftudium&veterum Numifinatu,n cognitionem, quibus ta1nen affati1n illic abundent Archiva, (paupertate & nova tyrannide preffi) adjeciffent anin1um, SupralaudatiDoctoris, jnquam, rogatu, conqueftuque, hoe ultro mihimet (utbreven1 illorum deferiptionem exhibererrt) penfum impofui: Tum ad uovitios & in rei Nummari� fcientia parumexercitatos, melius informandos,tu1n ·ad eoru,n Genium exeitandum, qui ad tantum,tarnproficuum, tarn dignum, tam �onorifi.cum, tarn denique nece!farium erudito viro ftudium afpirare niterentur.

Hoe igitur fie mihi propofitum fponteque fufceptnm (arduum illud quidem, & laboriofreplenu1nopus alerepenfum) lretus agg1·edior, indies facl:ione Cromwelliana, non fine damnopublico ingravefcente, & p;n110 pofl: Britannire ..-aM)')'"•.,,av & faer:e .Regire J\tiaje!l:atis (aufpicato & quafi poftJiminio) reditum, .,.;,,.:,,.; adfinem perduxi. Sed cu1n hujus exferiptum, manu pro, Cc 2 pria

388 !',.. P P E N D I X.

. pria cupcrem exarare, ut ingenue fatear, mihi fuit a' ante hunc diem illud abfolvcre, cu1n negotion..un (qure me continuo circumvallat) turba, modicu1n mihi fubinde fpatium, ad aliquid per intervalla & quafi furtim nonnunquam ex eo tranfcribendumpermiferit. Verum antequam huic Operi confiderando te Lecl:or accingas, de nonnullis, & ad pron1ptiorem ejus diligentiam,&adfacilioremejufdemufum, te monitu1n cupio.

Atque ut aggrediar, totum opus de antiquis Nu1nifmatis quibus Oxonire ditefcunt Archiva, in tria dividitur Volumina. Primum eft Confulariun1 Nummorum, aliquofque Illuftrium Ro1n.e Fa1niliarum, reliqua duo I1nperatoria Numifmata conti�ent.

Hue accedit, quod Monetam, confulum Alphabetico locarin1 ordine potius, quam illam in annorum confulatus cujufque feriem redigerim : Multi etenim Confulares Nummi, nec1uaquam ab iis, quibus affimilantur, excufi funt. Sed ah �llis Triumviris MonetaJibus Augufi:iregl)O, quivellent ifta ratione, vel quod forfan ab ipfis clucerent originem, utprreclaras illorum acl:iones aliquot cxciperet, actueretur reternitas. �od aute1n attinet ad Imperiales Nummos (qui hie incipiunt a Julio Crefare, atque cum Heraclio def.inunt) hi ad eos perfecl:e referuntur annos,

A P P E N D I X. 389 nos, inquibusconfl.ati, procufiquefuere; cumreiatione ta1nenad tempusvel prreceJens, vel fubfequens Incarnatione1n Chrifl:'iSalvatorisnoftri, quod charaEteri-• busiftis exprefii, A.C.hoe eft, anteIncarnationem Chrifl:i, & J. C. id e11, ab Incarnatione Chrifti. �i charaE!:eres notanturincapitecujli!libetpaginre,paucis exceptis, qui fufficiens adhoe, utad manifeO:a1n fuiten1poris cognitionemdeduceremeqneant,lumendefiderarevidentur. Atqueiftos quidemfubimperatoris cujufqneregnifine1n, Anno ante eofdem in margine nullo. defignato, collocare, quameofclem,creterosinterintruderecerta fine ratione, fatius elegi. Idemque circa Imperatrices omnes, candemque ob rationern, ameprreftitumeft.

Prreterea, ut ex quo genere metaUi, quodlibetexdictisNumifmatiscufumeft, conftarepoflit; meta:llaperhas fequentes difl:inxi notas AV.enim denotat auru1n, i\R. indicat qrgentum, JE, denique fignificat1Es.

PorrocumlEnei Numn1idiverfremagnitudinisexiftant; ad triplicc:rnprreferfim (qua dignofcantur)juxtanumericasfiguras(1.) (2.) &(3.)characteribus illorum prrefixas (exceptis parvulis valdeque minutisaliquot, quipeculiariter pro talibus exhibenitur)adtriplicem, inquam, prreciquemagnitudine1n, revocaripoffunt.

Cc 3 Adde

390

A-,·P �p -E .N D I X�

Adde fuperioribus, quod ubi quempiam a.rgenteum Nurntnum, form�m hahentim feeundre magnitudinis rereorum in ¥enio, ql.!od ut duxtaxat ab or1inariq diftinguatur de}?-ario, figuram ill� (�-). f9��ln �d. 1ungerc.

Hane, hoe gemin_o yUt1' voto., praifatiuneulam elauqer� lt\.ihi eft ;iDimus D. 0.1),f. enixeqepr<:cat�, tu_m utgenerofoi;�m hae in parte Benefacl:orum nu-: merum adaugea�: Tv_m ut eos qui prifca_ Numifinata eeleberrimumhue in.iErarium conferunt, •�ov�s; qlf1bus fuam fuQlevent inopiam, Nu�ifmatis, nunqua:m �er� patiatur.

Pene omi(eram quemFb� poft a1mum, hie a m� de in�uftria rilicl:um dfe fpa:tiun1, ut quid e novq �icl::u1n .,id Thefau� rum, ant�qui fer�ntur Nun:imi, ad hunc quoque Catalogum, par� (quo fuP.eriores) n1odo, referrivaleant.

ScriptuminmcoMedio Templi Mufa:o,dec,moC:ilendQs Junias, AnnoJui. 1666.

E. ESHMOLE. A copy

,-Ir ff'1 ,,. r •(

A copy· of a letter from Doctor l?�rlow·to Mr. A{hmole, on his prefentof his books, defcribing Archbifhop J.,qud'� cabinet of ·111edals.

For my honoured Friend Elias Ailimole, Efq. at his cha1nber in the Middle 1'emple t thefe; Londofl,

My dearFriend, I

T is a good while fince I received your excellent prefent to our Uni-vedity-Library, and, 'ere this, told you fo; and returned our many and hearty thanks, had I not been fudclenlyand unex.peaedly called away to Worcefter, whence I am now returned. 1\t the vifitation of :$odley's Library (,vhen the Vice-Chancellor and all the Curators ,vere 1net) I prefented your pooks to the Vice-Chancellor, and the reO:, in your name, as a teftin1ony of y94r kindJ1efs and love tolearningandourU\\iverfity ; as alfo of your �bility to iinrich Bodley's Librarywithyourownworks. Apy1nanwho pas a n1ind to it, and money, maygive us goqd books ofothermens maki1\g, but ve1J fev, of th.e!r own; ' p:zuci q11os a:qu11s · C c 4 ' ailla'vit

. . ,

39z A P P E N D I X, • amavit Jupiter.' Some more generous and ingeQuous fouls, a Selden, a Dugdale,, or an A!hmole may do this, none elfe: The Vice-Chancellor and Cqrators were exceeding ·well fatisfied with, and very thankful for, your great charity and munifice1,ce to the publick. Care is taken,. that your name and gift be r.ecorded in our regifrer, (a) to your deferved honour, and the incouragement of others, by your good exan1ple, if 11ot to an·equal� yet to a like liberality. And fnre I am, it will be an honour to you, and a comfort to your friends, when they lhall find in our regifter, that you have been fo great a benefactor to Bodley's Library. My love and refpecl:s to yoqrfelf and my hone� friend Mr. Dugdale, GodAlmighty blefi_; you both, And, Sir�

Your

aff<tcl:io11ate friend,

�ecn's Colle�e, Oxo,r. Decemb. :28, 1668.

T, BARL O vV.

{a) P, 41, For

For Elias Afhmole, Efq. at his Houfe in Lambeth.

Sir,

THE bearer hereof will need no recommendation from me, when you {hall underftand, that it is Doctor Plott, the learned author of the NaturalHifroty of Oxfordfhire. It is upon the reputation of your own worth, as well as yourmagnificent gift intended to the Univerfity, that he has the ambition to be better kno\.vn to you. They are (I hear) defigning to create a philofophical lecture upon natural things ; and their inclination to pitch upon this knowing gentleman for that purpofe (whofe talent and merits are fo eminent) I am fure, cannot mifs of yoqr concurrent fuffrage. I amonly forry, that the affair, which carries me this morning out of town, deprives me of fo defired an opportunity of killing your hand at Lambeth ; who am, for many ireat obligations�

Sir, Whitehall, 7 Dec. 1677.

Your moft humble And obedient fervant, J.

For the woriliipful and learned Elias Afhmole, Efq. at hi& houfe in South i�n1peth, n�ar London, Moft worthy and learned Sir;

BEING informed by my friend Mr. Gadbury, that there were feveral palfages in n1y hiftory, V1·hich did fon1e way reflect911 yourgreat worthandlearning, and �lfo intimateme to he guilty of grofs rudenefs and heat, l found it my duty to make this recantation ; ai1d fo let you know that ,vhatever in that kind may occur, I utterly repent and difown; and am both hea-ttily for,;y and a{han1ed. that any way I fuould prove fo unhappily o.ffenfive to fo good and leaq1,ecl, fo induftrious and renowned � geqdeman, whofe books I a1n not worthy to bea,: after hili\, -i\,nd, Sir, if it will pleafe you to let n1e fee a copy of thep,�lfag{:)Sj as you have collecl:ed them, (vl'luch on occa!ion I promife to retur�) with yo.ur confutation� �111� r�fons an\1excd, I do folemnly proteft, that I will 1nake a publick recantation, or otherwife as you 1hall think fit : and alfo, if ever King Edward fees another impreffion, I will alterthofe paifages

A P. P E N D I X. 395 pa!Tages as far as truthandequity !hallacquire, frill protefting in verb.a Sacerdotil, that 1 never hqd any but honourable and 11efpectful thoughts of you·and Sir William Dugdale, (Dii! quanta namina} and what I did,. pro�e�d�d from a defire of finding out the truth, however my frailty might betray me to an error. Sir, the honour. of a line, efpccially with an intimation of your good will, ,vill be highly acceptable to the real hqnourer of your learningandgoodnefs.

,

My hup:ible duty to his Grace at Latnbeth: !indpray, Sir, havemerecommend�d to 1ny gpod m�e.r Doctor Goad and Mr. GadQury, &s:� for

Emanuel Collegt, Camb. oa. ,5� 1688.

J. BARNES.

M. Jolhua College in M

For my worthy friend Barnes, at E1nanuel Cambridge. Sir,

y prefent weak indifpofition has took me off from too much refenting thofe reflections you have made on me in your book, * and moulded in me more peaceable thoughts, than to be difturbed at what you have done. Your letter makes n1e think there ·was no ill meaning in what you did, and perhaps nothing more than an inadvertent and overhafty humour, which the civility of a penny-poft letter would have cleared and prevented. I need not trouble myfelf, nor you, ·with giving you an account of thofe paffagesthat concern me : they are eafuy found out, for they carrymyname along with them. All I expeEI: from yon is, that your acknowledgments to others (as yoµ have occa!ion) be ,vhat you have now made to me, and (if ever an oppor-

* The Hiftory of King Edward the IIT.Folio, whei.tint.tlr.BlrncsreflectedonMr.Alhmole'sOrder oftheGarter,inaverygrofsmanner. tunity

A P P E N D I X. 397

tunity be offered) to reprint your Hiftory, then to rectify your copy.

Sir, Ollob. 2:3, 1688.

I am,

Your very humble fervant, E. ASH1\10LE.

A copy of a letter from the Chapter of the Church of Litchfield to Mr. Af111nole, co1nmunicated from the Regifters of that cathedral.

Honoured Sir,

WHatever intereft this city and church have in your birth and education, hath already redounded, in fo much honour thereby, and in your continual bounty, to both, that we have not the confidence to back, with that topick, this our petition for your free gift towards finifhing the ring of ten bells, infread of our fofmer fix })ad and ufelefs ones.

�9S A P P � N D I 'X'..

ones : nor1 in truth, have we any other arguments, _but your charity and our neceffity; of tl1e former, you have given tis good proof, as\.Ve_ackno.vledge,vithall thankfulnefs : and of the latter, we have too much, throughthemisfortunesof the work. The deceitfulnefs of the ground firfr making our hone.fr bellfounder lofe his cafring the four bigge!l:, to the <lau1age of 30/. and now his error in overlizing the eight bells he bath caft, fo far that they have [wallowed up all the metal for the ten; and that requires 80/. more to be added to our poor fund for the two other bells, propo1tionable to that big.. nefs. But yet an error fo much on the better hand, that would make extreamly for the advantage and glory of the Cathedral (the bignefs of fuch a ring far· more befitting the place; and thefe eight being judged fo very good, that aU are loth to have them broken, and caft into Jefs) if poffibly that additional funl could be raifed. To this purpofe 'Squire Diot, Mr. Waln1i£ley the Subchantor, and other Vicars and ringers' are moft induftriouily unde1taking ane\lVcolleB:ion, and we and feveral others are \villing ane11v to contrib11te; and if you will plc::ifo to put to the helping hand of your piety and 1nunificence, you ,villadd fignallyto thofe inO:ances thereof already in our publick cata-

A P P E N D I X. 199 catalogue of benefacl:ors, and willhighly oblige both thofe zealous undertakers, and erpecial1y, Sir, Your·thankful humble fervants, Litchfie'ld, oa. 1;, 1688,

L. ADDISON.

H. GRESWOLD.

T. BROWNE.

J. HUTCHINSON.

C. COMYN.

F I N I S.

Books printedfor T.DAVIES, Book.. feller to the RovALACADEMY.

I. The Works of Mr. Jonathan Richardfon, on Painting, anew Edition. Price 6s.

II. Fables of Mr. John Gay, with an Italian Tran!lation by Gian Francifco Giorgetti. Price 6s.

III. Hiftory of Churches in England, both Cathedral anu Rural, with their Furniture and Appendages, by Thomas Staveley Efq. Second Edition. Price 6s.

IV. Romilh Horfeleech; or, an impartial Account of the intolerable Charge of Popery to this Nation. By the fame Author. Price 4s.

The lives of those eminent antiquaries Elias Ashmole, esquire, and Mr. William Lilly, written by themselves; containing, first, William Lilly's History of his life and times, with notes by Mr. Ashmole: Secondly, Lilly's Life and death of Charles the First: and lastly, the Life of Elias Ashmole, esquire, by way of diary. With several occasional letters by Charles Burman, esquire.

Contributors

Lilly, William, 1602-1681. Ashmole, Elias, 1617-1692. Burman, Charles. Davies, Thomas, 1713-1785.

Publication/Creation

London : T. Davies, 1774.

Persistent URL

https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gwtpmz6j

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