WHAT ALL THIS ABOUT RESEARCH DESIGN An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, Statswork Group www.statswork.com Email: info@statswork.com
TODAY'S DISCUSSION Outline of Topics
Introduction Essential Elements of Research Design Research Design Characteristics of Research Design Two Major Groups in Research Design Types of Research Design Conclusion
Introductio n Research design is used to address the research topic effectively asclear as possible. In social science studies, the main function of research design is to ensure the evidence obtained from a statistical test and to draw inference accurately about the research problem.
Research Design Research design is the art of selecting the relevant or suitable research techniques by a researcher for the study. A research design explains the types of research like experimental, descriptive, sequential, explanatory, etc. Every research design involves the following three steps; data collection, analysis and data interpretation. Research design will determine the type of research problem what an organisation is facing.
Essential Elements of Research Design It allows to identify the research problem unambiguously. Literature review associated with the problem statement. Framing the hypothesis clearly. Description of data. Techniques suitable for the Statistical Data Analysis and conclude whether the null hypothesis framed is true or not.
Characteristics of Research Design 1. GENERALIZATION – Every researcher used to design for the sample data collection and a proper research design should be suitable for general case. 2. VALIDITY – Selection of measuring tools is the important one and it should be related to the objective in getting valid results. 3. NEUTRALITY – while setting up the study, we have to make certain assumptions about the data to collect, that assumptions should not reflect bias in the research design, and it should be neutral. 4. RELIABILITY – The research design should be a reliable one and it should deliver standard results.
Two Major Groups in Research Design The design of research is broadly classified into two major groups, Qualitative and Quantitative. Qualitative research identifies the relationship between the data and the mathematical observations. The Quantitative research make use of the statistical results to collect valid and actionable perceptions.
Types of Research Design 1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN – Descriptive research is about describing the situation under study. The process involves collecting, analysing and draw conclusions from the collected data. 2. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN – Experimental research identifies the relationship between the effect and cause of a problem situation. 3. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH DESIGN – Correlation research is not like an experimental design, it helps to examine the association between the two variables under study. 4. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH DESIGN – Explanatory research design explores the questions of type how, why and what research problems. Contd..
5. CASE STUDY DESIGN – Case study design is used to study a particular problem deeply than any other design. 6. CROSS - SECTIONAL DESIGN – A cross-sectional design is similar to the correlational design but here we can identify the relationship between two or more variables and also it measures the difference between the variables. 7. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN – The aim of this research is to generate new ideas and develop new methodologies or theories to the audience. 8. LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH DESIGN – Longitudinal research design are conducted when the data is collected or recorded repeatedly with regular intervals then the longitudinal design can be used to study the phenomena.
Conclusio n Every research design is selected by the researcher according to the research phenomena. The main thing is to keep in mind in selecting the research design is that it should minimise the error or bias and results in valid conclusion. Errors can be occured in several stages of research say for example, there may be few entries in the data is missing and few entries are wrongly recorded. These are the essential points to validate before processing the data analysis.
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