‘R e - I n v e n t’ M e t a x o u r g e i o An Investigation On The Phenomenon Of
Stefania Tsigkouni Registration No:110215389
and urban-planning initiatives taken by various organisahas characterised Greece since late 2009. With titles such and the lack of socially-driven plans as common denominators.
9
Rebel Cities2
1
David Harvey is a Human Geographer, Marxist and Social Theorist 1
Harvey, D., ‘Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution’, Verso Books: London (2012) 2
the right to the city3
The right to the city has been argued extensively by Henri Lefebvre, who first proposed the idea in his book Le Droit a la ville, (1968) 3
omission is the phenomenon of Smith N., Williams P., City’, London:Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.206 4
4
‘patterning and transa result of the .
Smith N., Williams P., City’, London:Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.204
5
-
-
Gentrification in Berlin took place in Prenzlauerberg after the reunification of East and West Berlin (1989) Suggested Reading: Bernt M., Holm A., 6
-
, Routledge: New York (2005), p. 106 London has been an ongoing process of continuous gentrification, since 1964. Suggested Reading: Lees L., Slater T., Wyly E., , Routledge: New York (2010)
tion is
Harvey D., ‘The Right To The City’, New Left Review (2008) p. 2 7
7
the consumption-side approach back-to-the-city Please refer to the independent list of map sources, p. 72 8
8
-
11
-
9
-
Being from Athens myself, the degradation of the inner city’s districts consists a sensitive issue. 9
1. ‘Gentrify This’, Banksy graffiti in London
13
1
-
Glass, R., , London: MacKibbon and Kee, (1964), p. 17 1
1
However this does not mean that this was when gentrification appeared for the first time, as a phenomenon. Haussman’s remodelling of Paris involved in some places displacement of workers in order to make space for new spatial requirements of capital. 2
-
2
Smith N. and Wiliams P., City’, London: Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986) 3
housing and the consequent transformation of an area into a middle-class neighbour3 .
Atkinson R. and Bridge G.,
4
-
New York: Routledge (2005), p.53
.
4
.
5
Zukin, Sharon. Capital in the Urban Core’. Annual Review of Sociology (1987): 129-147. 5
‘there are theoreti6
Beauregard R.,
, ‘The Gentrification Reader’, London: Routledge, (2010), p.11
.
6
-
The Rent Gap Theory Rent Gap Theory7 -
The Rent Gap Theory: Disinvestment in certain districts of the inner city (that is directly related to subur-banisation) is ‘further exacerbated by the financial dynamics of construction and land interests’ and has re-sulted in residential areas whose capitalised ground rent is notably below its potential ground rent. 7
rent rap argument -
Smith N., Defining Gentrification, ‘The ChaLondon: Routledge (2010), p.12
-
‘a process in-
15
.
8
8
-
Clark, E.,
-
, ed. Atkinson R. & Bridge G., New York: Routledge (2005) p. 258
.
9
What Wendell Berry defines as ‘the vagrant sovereign’ 9
10
The different types of gentrification are developed according to the works of Loretta Lees, Tom Slater and Elvin Wyly, ‘ Routledge: London (2010) 10
-
-
-
-
11
, Ed. Anne Godlewska, Oxford: Basil Blackwell (1994) 11
Smith N.,
-
Yuppie is a shortcut that stands for ‘young urban professional’ or ‘young upwardly-mobile professional’ referring to the upper middle class 12
13
Bridge G, Butler T., Lees L.,
’, Policy Press:
Bristol (2012)
14
Hammnet, C.,
, Urban Studies, Department of Geography, King’s College, The Strand, London (2003)
12
come from13.
-
-
15
-
15
Caulfield J., ‘ Toronto: University of Toronto Press
(1994)
-
16
‘partly one 17 thus
Lees L., Slater T., Wyly E., ‘Explaining/Theoer’ Lon-don:Routledge (2010), p.131 q6
17
Smith
N.,
Williams
P.,
London:Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.43
18
18
Smith
N.,
Williams
P.,
London:Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.37-39
-
‘the restructuring 19
Smith
N.,
Williams
P.,
London:Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.49
.
19
19
2
-
-
2.1 The Metaxourgeio District
2.2-2.7 The Building Fabric of Metaxourgeio
2.8-2.9 GEK TERNA complex, Myllerou 27 & Germanikou 7
21
2.1 The built environment Most apartment blocks (polykatoikies) in Athens are between 5 to 7 storeys high. 1
1
Tsakonas Iasonas, Interviewed by Stefania Tsigkouni, 11 Sept. 2014 2
2
Astrapellou M., ‘Μεταξουργείο: Η αυλή των θαυμάτων’, BHMADECO, Vol. 28, p. 52-53, Athens Jan. 2010 3
4
Alexandri, G.,
PhD Paper, Department of Geography, Harokopio University, Athens July 2011, p.16
3
5
Average prices per square meter in wealthy areas in the inner city of Athens for new built apartments are around 7000 euro. The area of Metaxourgeio is now considered as part of the wealthy districts of Athens with prices about 3500 euro per square meter, while the average price for less expensive neighbourhoods ranges over 1800 euro per square meter. 5
Alexandri, G., , PhD Paper, Department of Geography, Harokopio University, Athens July 2011 p.17
2.10 Residential occupation of land
2.11 Solid-Void Relation in Metaxourgeio
23
2.12 Empty Plots of Land
2.13 Abandoned-Vacant Shells Of The Area
2.14 Fashion Studio
2.15
, Fast Food
2.16 Instrument Restoration Workshop
Residential Commercial Industry
2.14 Uses of land
Warehouses
25
6 Smith N., Economic Geography’ (1982)
-
7 Παλαιολόγος Γ,’Μεταξουργείο, η περιοχή των αντιφάσεων’, Kathimerini, 7 Sept. 2013, Last Accessed 10 March 2013, Available at
-
sonos Street
2.18,2.19 Brothels on Iassonos Street
2.20
, Sign Outside Brothel 2.21 Brothels on Iassonos Street
, PhD Paper, Department of Geography, Harokopio University, Athens July 2011 p.14 8
Alexandri, G.,
migrants
8
‘appropriation of even very 9
2.24 Squares and Green Spaces in Metaxourgeio
documentary, Last Accessed 10 Sept. 2013 Available at http:// 9‘
2.22, 2.23 Public Squares in Metaxourgeio
10
Analysed in Chapter 3:
2.4 The human mosaic 10
29.4% of the total permeant population are immigrants, while the respective number for the totality of the Municipality of Athens is 17.4, National Census Data, Nasioka 2007 11
-
΄Fast track «σκούπα» σε ΜεταξουργείοΚεραμεικό΄’,Η εφημερίδα των συντακτών, 17 April 2013, Athens, Last Accessed 11 Sept. 2013, Available at 12
11
12
Καούρη Α., ‘Ανακαλύπτοντας την Αόρατη Πόλη_Αθήνα’, Διπλωματική Εργασία ΕΜΠ, Athens 2012, p.4
-
13
2.26 Chinese Retail Shop, illustrating the multicultural character of the neighbourhood
13
29
Chinese 2.25 Ethnic Distribution
2.27 Daily Appropriation of Area
31
Roma 2.28 Urban Inhabitation of Area
Residential
2.29 ‘
’
-
33
Chinese
2.30 ‘Immigrants’ inhabitation’
Commerce
35
degraded
Local, Interviewed by Stefania Tsigkouni, 9 Sept. 2013 14
15
that
devaluation
‘Ενάντια στη λήθη’, Κομπρεσσέρ, 2 April 2011, Last Accessed 8 April 2014, Available at http:// 15
-
Εκτός ελέγχου η κατάσταση στο κέντρο: ο χάρτης της πορνείας στην Αθήνα, Έθνος, 4 May 2012, Last Accessed 8 April 2014, Available at 16
-
’
17
Tsoni, J., -
’, Jan. 2013, Last Accessed 10 March 2013 Available at http://www.joannatsoni.org, p.7
Metaxourgeio’s Inhabitants: 2.31 2.32 2.33 ‘Chinatown’ The Urban Decadence
3
in Metaxourgeio 1
-
For more information, please refer to the History of the Area, in Appendix A 1
-
-
Αυδίκος Β., ‘Διαδικασίες αστικού εξευγενισμού στο Γκάζι και στο Μεταξουργείο:συμβολικό κεφάλαιο και real estate’, 6 Feb. 2014, Accessed 2 April 2014, www.creativegreece.net/2014/02/06/ διαδικασίες-αστικού-εξευγενισμού-στ/ [Ur2
2
3
3
Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, London: Pion (1994), p. 53
4
-
ture
Ley D,
Smith, N and Williams, P.,
London: Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.46
antiparochi 5
5
Smith, N and Williams, P.,
London: Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.41
-
1994_ Operation of Argo Theatre 1995_ Theatre 1996_ 1999_ Operation of Metaxourgeio Theatre 2006_ 2007_ 2010_ 2013_ 3.1 Gentrification Process Timeline
39
Zoura P., Xrysolora E., ‘Διερευνόντας τον εξευγενισμό μέσα από το παράδειγμα του Μεταξουργείου’, Διάλεξη ΕΜΠ, Athens 2009, p.30 6
Ley, D., The New Middle and the Remaking of the Central City, Oxford, Oxford University Press (1996) 7
-
8
As mentioned above, these are: low cost buying or renting a house, the area’s proximity to the city centre and the archaeological landmarks. 8
9
Αγγελίδης Δ., “Εξευγενισμός: η ταξική αναβάθμιση μιας περιοχής”, Έψιλον 11 Oct. 2009, Accessed 10 March 2014, -
-
9
Clark
E.,
, Atkinson R. & Bridge G., New York: Routledge (2005) p. 260 Alexandri G., “The Breeder Feeder: Tracing Gentrification in Athens City Centre”, PhD Thesis, Amsterdam 2011, p.20 10
10
11
-
11
Caulfield
J., York: York Uni-versity (1989)
p.162 Αυδίκος Β., ‘Διαδικασίες αστικού εξευγενισμού στο Γκάζι και στο Μεταξουργείο:συμβολικό κεφάλαιο και real estate’, 6 Feb. 2014, Accessed 2 April 2014, www.creativegreece.net/2014/02/06/ διαδικασίες-αστικού-εξευγενισμού-στ/ [Urban gentrification procedures in Gkazi and 12
12
-
3.2 Millerou & Germanikou squat
-
3.4 The role of the state
Notis Mitarakis, Depute of Development & Competitiveness, stated the government’s support for any private initiatives concerning the area. Με κονδύλια από το ΕΣΠΑ έργα ανάπλασης στο Μεταξουργείο, To Vima, 16.04.2013, Lasy Accessed 30 March 2014, Available at 13
14 ‘Διαδικασίες αστικού εξευγενισμού στο Γκάζι και στο Μεταξουργείο:συμβολικό κεφάλαιο και real estate’, 6 Feb. 2014, Last Accessed 2 April 2014, Available at www. creativegreece.net/2014/02/06/διαδικασίεςαστικού-εξευγενισμού-στ/
13
These were shown in reports produced by the Municipality of Athens and the Unification of Archaeological Sites S.A. that supported the redevelopment of the area through pedestrianisations and amelioration of the building stock and built environment. 15
-
Alexandri, G., , PhD Paper, Department of Geography, Harokopio University, Athens July 2011 p.19 This is done by converting derelict industrial buildings into cultural multi-centres, i.e. Technopolis. 16
Zoura P., Chrysolora E., ‘Διερευνόντας τον εξευγενισμό μέσα από το παράδειγμα του Μεταξουργείου’, Διάλεξη ΕΜΠ, Athens 2009, p.61 17
within the area15 -
ture
18
18
Zoura P., Chrysolora E., ibid
In May 2011 a man was robbed and killed by immigrants. This incident triggered fierce anger against the immigrants which led to many right-wing groups (i.e. Golden Dawn) to beat some of them to death. After several demonstrations, both from right wing and left wing perspectives, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Changed announced this new measure for city regeneration processes. 19
GrReporter, , 11 May 2011, Last Accessed 25 March 2014, Available at http://
19 20
Νόμος Υπ’Αριθ. 4030, ’Εφημερίς της Κυβερνήσεως της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας’, Vol. 249, p.6971-6972, 20
21
-
3.3 Areas of transformation
, PhD Paper, Department of Geography, Harokopio University, Athens July 2011 p.17 21
-
Alexandri, G.,
4.1 Oliaros’ Properties
4 The Private Initiative
Μπαλαούρα, Ο., “Δίκτυο Νομαδική Αρχιτεκτονική”, Μεταξουργείο-Κεραμεικός, 17 Feb. 2008, Accessed 5 April 2014, http:// 1
1
Δούλη, Ε., “Διαδικασία Επαναστικοποίησης στο Μεταξουργείο”, Εργασία “Ιστορία και Θεωρία 8”, ΕΜΠ, Αθήνα, Ιούνιος 2013, p. 6 2
2
Process, Kerameikos-Metaxourgeio Properties, Accessed 3 April 2014, http://www.olia3
3
-
KM Properties is a property development project aiming at the regeneration of the city centre (KM standing for Kerameikos-Metaxourgeio: a new name for a re-invented area) 4
sees in the 5
‘activate -
7
Tsakonas Iasonas, Interviewed by Stefania Tsigkouni, 11 Sept. 2014. For complete interview, please see Appendix D 5
6
See Chapter 3.4
Tsakonas sees there is a gap in urban living in Athens, as the uses of land did not update in parallel with the urban fabric. [Personal Interview, see Appendix D] 7
8
of
-
8
Tsakonas I., ibid
4.2 Oliaros’ Proposition
4.3 Oliaros’ Proposition
4.4 Oliaros’ Proposition
-
Ματζιαράκη Δ., “Μία πόλη μέσα στην πόλη”, SKAI, 10 Nov. 2010, Accessed 5 March 2014, 9
:
9
-3000 m2 -1800 m2 -1500 m2 -
Architects,”Revisiting Urban Life and Typologies”, Process, Last Accessed 10 March 2014, Available at 10
10
11
-
Binswanger, Process, Last Accessed 10 March 2014, Available at http://www.ol11
4.5 Atelier Bow-Wow’s Proposal for Metaxourgeio
4.6 Boyd Cody’s Proposal for Metaxourgeio
12
Με κονδύλια από το ΕΣΠΑ έργα ανάπλασης στο Μεταξουργείο, To Vima, 16.04.2013, Last Accessed 30 March 2014, Available at http:// 12
Tsakonas owns all buildings on the street apart from the brothels. The potential of legalisation would not be profitable for him as his regenerations plans do not fit within the context of a ‘Red Light District’. However the the Mayor has been co-operating with the police in order to shut down all illegal brothels and is working on new laws for better prevention. 13
13
-
14
-
Με κονδύλια από το ΕΣΠΑ έργα ανάπλασης στο Μεταξουργείο, To Vima, 16.04.2013, Last Accessed 30 March 2014, Available at http://
Tsukamoto Yoshiharu and Kaijima Momoyo, Kerameikou 32-34 & Iassonos 15-17 str by Atelier Bow-Wow, Proposition, Accessed 2 March 2014, 13
Wow
Boyd Cody, Proposition, 3-13 Iassonos and 32-34 Agisilaou Street, Accessed 2 March 2014, 14
15
-
4.7 Atelier Bow-Wow’s Mado Building, Setagaya 4.8 Atelier Bow-Wow’s Proposal for Metaxourgeio, Model
4.9 Boyd Cody’s Proposal for Metaxourgeio Model
51
16
Tsakonas Iasonas, Interviewed by Stefania Tsigkouni, 11 Sept. 2014. For complete interview, please see Appendix D 16
-
-
-
Setagaya, Official Website, Last Accessed 3 April 2014, Available at 17
-
Jordana S., “Up to 35: Student Housing International Competition”, ArchDaily, 01 Aug. 2009, Last Accessed 3 March 2014, Available at tion/ 18
18
‘abolishes the boundaries of pub-
4.10 FORA Proposal for the ‘Up to 35’ competition
4.11 ‘Open Air Office’, Aristide Antonas
53
Ruivo Joao Prates, “Student Housing by FORA”, Proposition, Last Accessed 10 March 2014, Available at 19
19
20 20
Ruivo Joao Prates, same as above
Matziaraki D., ‘Μία πόλη μέσα στην πόλη’, 10.11.2010, Last Accessed 30 March 2014, Available at 21
21
22
23
Tsakonas Iasonas, Interviewed by Stefania Tsigkouni, 11 Sept. 2014. For complete interview, please see Appendix D 22
This is a personal opinion based on own observation from attending several events hosted by ReMap at the time 23
-
Antonas Aristide, ‘Open Air Office’, Propositions, Last Accessed 6 April 2014. Available at 24
The existing inhabitants (immigrants and natives) form a group that is produced as a system seen from its exterior while the gated community identifies itself from a function of its interior. Antonas Aristide, ‘Open Air Office’, Propositions, Last Accessed 6 April 2014. Available at 25
25
4.12 Exemplar Neighbourhood’s Initiatives
55
-
26
Alexandri G., , PhD
Thesis, Amsterdam 2011, p.20
ourgeio 28
29
Λαγιου Δ., ‘Μία πρωτότυπη γειτονιά φτιαγμένη για ανθρώπους’, Έθνος 30 Oct. 2010, Athens, 27
, Old resident, Interviewed by Alexandri Georgia, Athens July 2011 29
Petsimeris Petros,
-
southern Europe’, Atkinson, R. and Bridge G, Routledge: Oxon, New York 2005, p. 244
‘international
30
‘Remap 4’, About, Last Accessed 19 Feb. 2015, Available at about/ 30
31
KM stands for Kerameikos-Metaxourgeio and is the name for the redesigned and upgraded district 31
32
- Dimitris Dalakoglou Anthropology Professor Sussex University, Last Accessed 10 Feb. 2014, Available at re-mapping-athens
32
-
33
Maragkou M., ‘Η Σκούπα της Σύγχρονης Τέχνης’, Ελευθεροτυπία, 2009, Αθήνα 33
-
4.13-4.14 Remap artworks 4.15-4.16 Spaces hosting Remap events 4.17 Remap map of events 4.18 Metaxourgeio by night, during Remap events
4.19 Iassonos Street, investment on ‘today’ Article on official newspaper
59
-
-
, Kerameikos-Metaxourgeio Properties, Last Accessed 6 April 2014, Available at 34
Rigopoulos, D. ‘Οδός Ιάσωνος, επένδυση στο “σήμερα”’, Πολιτισμός, Καθημερινή, 28 Jan. 2014, Athens, 35
35
ReMap ‘respect and
-
Despite its negative aspect: the use of art as a gentrification process 36
5.1 Alternative scalar relationships for defining political membership
-
-
-
1
1
Smith N., Williams P.,’ London:Unwin Hyman Ltd, (1986), p.221
the right to the city through the motivation of Lefebvre defined everyday life as the intersection of “illusion and truth, power and helplessness; the intersection of the sector man controls and the sector he does not control”. This intersection is the driving force that shapes the city. Through understanding it people could revolutionize their everyday lives. This was essential to Lefebvre because everyday life was where he saw . Without revolutionising everyday life, capitalism would continue to diminish the quality of people’s everyday lives. 2
2
ment but the democratisation of housing’3
3
-
Marcuze P., ,
WASH.U.J.URB& CONTEMP..L (1985), p. 28
‘critical
The fall of the Wall and reunification, Berlin in Brief, Last Accessed 10 April 2014, Available at 4
5
However, Berlin has been a subject of an ongoing gentrification since the fall of the Wall (Prenzlauerberg 1989 to Frie-drichshain and Kreutzberg recently) 5
, A+U architecture and urbanism, 1987.
-
As discussed in chapter tive 6
-
observatory of inhabitation7
Τζιρτζιλάκη Ε., ‘Το Κέντρο της Αθήνας και ο Μετασχηματισμός του’, Δίκτυο Νομαδικής Αρχιτεκτονικής, 2010 Athens p.34 7
It is the state’s responsibility to ameliorate peoples’ lives and part of these actions would in-clude constant communication with the Municipality in order for the voices of the inhabitants to be heard. 7
8
9
Smith N., Williams P., ‘ , London:Unwin Hy-
man Ltd, (1986), p.222
9
5.2 Network of Communities, Proposition
creative middle class area of entertainment
delight
‘or nothing at 10
Lefebvre, H., ‘The Urban Revolution’, Writing Minneapolis, Minnesota University Press, (2003); Oxford, Blackwell, (1996) 10
5.3 Network of Communities, Proposition
5.4 Network of communities, Proposal
-Atkinson R. & Bridge G colonialism -Beauregard R., ‘ -Bridge G, Butler T., Lees L -Davidson M. and L.Lees, ‘ -Hammnet, C -Harvey, D -Harvey, D.
-
-Harvey, D. 2000 -Lefebvre H. -Ley D, ‘ -Ley, D.,
-
-Smith N., -Smith N., -Zukin S
5.5 Neoclassical and Post-war balance
-Agriantoni C. - Karidis D., -
Papageorgiou-Venetas
-
A.,
‘ -
-Harvey D. ‘The Right To The City -Harvey, D. -Marcuze P.,
Inter-
-Smith N 58 1982 -Smith N, -Zukin, S.,
-
-Astrapellou M., ‘ -Alexandri, G. -Karimali A.
-
-Lagiou D., -Maragkou M Athens -Matziaraki D. -Palaiologos G
-Rigopoulos, D -Tzirtzilaki.
-Aggelidis D -Avdikos V. -Balaoura O -
grreporter.info/en daily.com/30857/up-to-35-student-housing-international-competition/
sis -
-Alexandri G. -Douli E. -Kaouri A -Zoura P., Xrysolora E. [Investigating
-0.1 -0.2 -1.0
-
-2.1
-2.2-2.7 -2.8-2.9 -2.15-2.16 -2.18-2.19 -2.20-2.21 -2.22 -2.23 -2.26 -2.31 -2.32 -2.33 -2.34 gr/6171930636/in/set-72157627726183586 -3.2 com/2007/05/29/57/ -4.2-4.6, 4.8-4.11
-
-
-4.7 -4.12 odo-iasonos/ -4.13-4.16 -4.17 -4.18 gr/6171935680/in/set-72157627726183586 -4.19
-
-5.1 -5.3-5.4 -5.5 odysseasgr/6171404015/in/set-72157627726183586 -A1 -A2 -A3 -A4 -A5 -A6
-2.10-2.14
-2.24 -2.25 -2.27-2.28 -2.29-2.30 -3.3 -4.1
-5.3
A. Metaxourgeio
Travlos I. ‘Πολεοδομική Εξέλιξης Αθηνών’, Kapon, Athens 1960 1
-
των -
1
The antiparochi system (αντιπαροχή) is a uniquely Greek arrangement, whereby the owner of a building plot was compensated with apartments in lieu of payment for the land that he relinquished to the contractor who built an apartment block on it (the greek “polykatoikia”) Last Accessed 10 Dec. 2013, Available at http://www.minenv. 2
antiparochi’2 3
Μπίρης, Κώστας, [Η. Αι Αθήναι από του 19ου εις τόν 20όν αιώνα’. 1966. Αθήνα: Μέλισσα, 1995 3
-
Χατζιώτης Κ., Γειτονιές της παλιάς Αθήνας. ‘Το Μεταξουργείο: Κολωνός-Ακαδημία Πλάτωνος’, Πνευματικό Κέντρο Δήμου Αθηναίων, 4
-
A.1. Part of West Athens, 1869
A.2. F. Aldenhoven (1837) map showing the area of Metaxourgeio
Metaxourgeio (μεταξουργείο) means Silk Factory in Greek. 5
5
“Siriki
-
Travlos I. “Πολεοδομική Εξέλιξης Αθηνών”, Kapon, Athens 1960 6
-
των -
Αγριαντώνη Χ., Χατζηιωάννου Μ-Χ, ‘Το Μεταξουργείο της Αθήνας’ , Athens: ΚΝΕ/ΕΙΕ 1995 7
8
Travlos I. “Πολεοδομική Εξέλιξης των Αθηνών”, Kapon, Athens 1960 [Urban Planning Evolution of Athens] 8
1833 _ _ _ _
-
A.3 The new plan for the city of Athens, designed by Kleanthis and Schaubert in 1833
A.4 The new plan for the city of Athens, designed by Klenze in 1834
81
1854_
_
on the west -
1856_
1869_ 1875_
20th C_
21sr C_
Αγριαντώνη Χ., ‘Η Αθήνα τον 19ο αιώνα. Συνοικία Μεταξουργείο’, Αρχαιολογία της πόλης των Αθηνών, Last Accessed 10 Feb. 2014, Available at 9
9
antiparochi polykatoikia
-
A.5 Car workshop, end of 20th C
A.6 Industrial uses in the area of Metaxourgeio, 1930
83
-
-
10
Koutroumpi S., ‘ Masters
10
Thesis, Athens 2009
-
Karydis D., ‘Τα επτά βιβλία της Πολεοδομίας’, Papasotiriou, Athens 2006, p.297 11
11
-
B
This person did not wish to provide his name and surname details. He used to be a carpenter but has been unemployed for the past four years.
-
-
85
C. This person did not wish to provide his name and surname details. He owns a music instrument restoration workshop and has been in the area since 1977.
-
D Interview with Iassonas Tsakonas Iassonas Tsakonas is a property developer, owner of real estate companies Oliaros and KM Properties
living. It has a right urban grid and scale that could be furthermore designed to create a
economic potentials (such as pop-up markets) -
-
-
going to become a pimp. -
areas.
great opportunity to concentrate the creative people of the society. I believe in creative
achieved.
youth hostel.