Stephen Chou Master of Architecture, 2012 GSAPP | Columbia University
Table of Contents Design Studios Advanced Studio V
Made In L.A., 2040 C-BIP: Integrated Design Studio: - Building Retrofit Strategy
Recirculating 60 Broad Street
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22
- Building Element Design
Climatarium 30
Core Studio III: Housing Studio
Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
34
Core Studio II:
Museum of Diaspora 52 Core Studio I:
AirLab 62 Architectural Technologies and Fabrication Surface/Screen/Structure
Crinkle! 73 Visual Studies / Formworks:
Filtro-Kiosk 82 Architectural Technologies V
The New Tilt-Up 88
Design Studios
Stephen Chou
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
Future Manufacturing Districts ADVANCED STUDIO V Fall 2010 Critic: Site:
Laurie Hawkinson + Christian Uhl Los Angeles, CA
With the emergence of new manufacturing trends (clean, small scale, data-driven hypercustomization, service oriented), factories and spaces of material production could once again take advantage of the urban environment not only as source of labor, but also for its connectivity, accessibility and proximity to markets, intelligence, and exchange. Downtown Los Angeles provides a prime opportunity for a new center of future
Stephen Chou
manufacturing with its existing and proposed infrastructural connections, its leading and growing importance in logistical flows and cultural production. A relatively underdeveloped and under-defined area, it is a site to experiment and exploit the new relationships between the city and the spaces of production and consumption, and call for new infrastructural strategies, building interventions, and urban experiences.
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Made in L.A., 2040
Top left to bottom right: Printed organs and tissues; 3d printed mechandise; rapid outsourced prototyping services; customized accessories; fancy gastronomical creations; customized cognitive devices; architectural fabrication; customized electronic devices; custom built electronic accessories, etc.
The future of manufacturing clean, small scale, data-driven, networked, hyper-customized, service oriented.
Recent technological developments has greatly expanded the capabilities of customization in multiple industries, allowing smaller scale production to meet a bigger diversity in demands. With the proliferation of IT technologies and networked business activities , manufacturers are ever more responsive to markets and niche demands - becoming service-oriented and demand a new, broader set of skilled and intellectual labors.
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
HS
R
Los Angeles
CLASSLos I FREIGHT AngelesRAIL NETWORK OF USA
CLASS I FREIGHT RAIL NETWORK OF USA
HS
R
BNSF CN/GTW CP/SOO CSX
FXE KCS/KCSM NS UP
BNSF CN/GTW CP/SOO CSX
FXE KCS/KCSM NS UP
Union Station
Downtown LA
UP Railyards Rodondo Junction
Pas
BNSF Railyards
(Reg
Fre
Union Station
Downtown LA
UP Railyards
PORT OF LOS ANGELES + PORT OF LONG BEACH Rodondo BNSF Railyards Junction
Passenger Rail Networks (Regional)
High Speed Rail
Ind the
Freight Rail Networks
PORT OF LOS ANGELES + PORT OF LONG BEACH
UP Rail Lines BNSF Rail Lines
Industrial Zones in the City of Los Angeles CM; CM(GM)
LARGEST CONTAINER PORT IN THE UNITED STATES
MR1 M1; M(PV) MR2 M2; M2(PV)
Port of L.A. and Long Beach
LARGEST CONTAINER PORT IN THE UNITED STATES
Downtown L.A. - a site of connectivity, accessibility and proximity to a wide spectrum of labor, capital, and intellect.
M3
Port of L.A. and Long Beach
Other Zones
(CCS; LAX; SL)
Downtown L.A. is a major confluence of flows crucial to sustaining the city, the region, and the nation. It is adjacent to major freight rail junctions and heavy industrial areas for facilitating the flow of physical materials and goods. The Redondo Junction marks an important node that regulates goods from the Port of L.A. and Long Beach - the largest in the nation - flowing into the national freight rail network. The area also have convenient access to major multi-modal transportation nodes (Union Station, HSR), allowing for tapping into the regional skilled labor and intellectual networks of California.
Stephen Chou
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Made in L.A., 2040
The Fashion District situated between the financial, residential, and greenmanufacturing centers - pose a new opportunity for a new urban industrial identity.
The Los Angeles CRA has designated the industrial land adjacent to the L.A. River as the L.A. Greentech Corridor - an ambition to launch production of clean technologies and transform the existing industrial landscape. Although the demand for industrial spaces were constantly high (vacancy rate is among the lowest in the country), the buildings and infrastructures in Downtown L.A. are not able to support more advanced industrial operations. Most industrial floor space are currently used for wholesale retail activity - a prominent and popular economic activity, yet SILVER LAKE ECHO PARK
DODGER STADIUM
Dowtown L.A. Zoning 2010
DWP CLEAN-TECH RESEARCH CENTER
Residential Commercial
Union Station
M2 Light Industrial M3 Heavy Industrial BUNKER HILL
SCI-ARC
STAPLES CENTER LA CONVENTION CENTER
FASHION DISTRICT
USC
“L.A. Clean-Tech Corridor”
CLEAN-TECH MANUFACTURING CENTER
Redondo Junction
VERNON UPRR
Alameda Corridor
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
The Orsini 5F, 297 units
Residential Real Estate Developments in Downtown Los Angeles
Lucia Tower 31F, 200 units
(past decade, built+proposed)
Union Station Apartments Lengends:
5F, 278 units
Grand Ave Plan
Mixed use development, 2600 units
New Developments Adaptive Reuse
1027 Wilshire
The Piero
48F, 402 units
FIDM Tower 19F South Village
53F, 548 units
Packard Lofts Hanover Tower 7F, 116 units
27F
4 phases, 1190 units
717 Olympic
Sky Lofts
8F, 264 units
12-22F, 132 units
12F, 80 units
Union Bank Bldg
Hope Condos
Figueroa South/West Tower
7F, 60 units
34F, 324 units
12F, 153 units
Evo South
Olive St Lofts
23F, 311 units
17F, 105 units
Elleven
13F, 176 units
1100 Grand Lofts
El Dorado Lofts
12F, 84 units
12F, 65 units
Mercantile Arcade Bldg
12F, 139 units
Alexan Savoy Apartments 4F, 303 units
Bridge Lofts
12F, 143 units
Teramachi Senior Housing 8F, 127 units
Alexan Savoy Phase II+III 18F & 25F, 497 units
SCI-ARC Towers 40F x 2, 400 units
Hikari
6F, 128 units
Shybarry Bldg 12F, 84 units 13F, 168 units
East Columbia Lofts 13F, 147 units
8F, 82 units
19F, 236 units
22F+6F x 3, 750 units
2F, 8 units 11F x 2, 370 units
Bartlett Building
City House and The Olympic 60F & 50F Broadway Plaza
Luma
Block 8 Little Tokyo
The Medallion
Security Bldg
Chapman Building Reserve Lofts
Rowan Bldg
10F, 135 units
12F, 200 units
10F, 90 units
18F, 200 units
34F, 324 units
5F, 100 units
10F, 60 units
Shybarry Tower
Brockman Bldg
Figueroa South/East Tower
City Lights on Fig
12F, 55 units
28F, 156 units
27F x 2, 627 units
The Met Lofts
Mandell Bldg
Higgins Bldg
Rives Bldg
13F, 99 units
Concerto
Trinity Towers 34F
40F, 300 units
12F
Library Court 6F, 90 units The Milano
Metropolis Phase II
Vibiana Lofts
Title Guarantee Bldg
16F, 222 units
37F, 214 units
Metropolis Phase I
5F, 38 units
17F
Roosevelt Building
9th and Flower St.
47F, 288 units
Victor Clothing Lofts
655 Hope St.
17F, 240 units 6F x 6, 632 units
5F, 40 units
50F, 302 units
1010 Wilshire The Medici
UNION STATION
Pan American Lofts
Zen Tower
8F, 225 units
308 E9th St.
Main Mercantile Bldg 6F, 40 units
Santee Court Phase II
Barker Bros. Convertion 5F, 230 units
Molino Street Lofts
4bldgs, 165 units
Santee Court Phase III
3F, 91 units
9bldgs, 445 units
Santee Court Phase I 12F, 64 units
5F, 38 units
Sixth Street Lofts 2F, 63 units
8F, 66 units
Glass Tower 25F
Biscuit Company Lofts 7F, 104 units
Fas hio nD istr ict 201 0
Booming residential real estate speculation and industrial zoning limitations led to disinterest in investing and developing advanced industrial operations.
Stephen Chou
highly redundant in its spatial usage and visitor experience. Intensity of urban REDONDO JUNCTION activity cannot be sustained throughout the sprawling expanse of the Fashion District - partly due to the highly repetitive nature of the products and services being sold.
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Made in L.A., 2040
Precedent Urban Factories:
GENERIC + ECONOMY OF SCALE The Starett-Lehigh Building New York City, NY, USA
EFFICIENCY + SPECTACLE Buckminster Fuller’s Geodesic Cotton Mill
SPECIFICITY + COMPOUND The Fiat Lingotto Factory Turin, Italy
While the heart of the Fashion District, Santee Alley, is a popular attraction - the duplicity of products and shops, as well as the large walking area - leaves much of the Fashion District deserted.
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
Site Building Typologies:
Wholesale Retail Alley Santee Alley
Wholesale Retail Courts Santee Alley Extension
The Big Chair California furniture trading center
High Density Showrooms California Market Center
Stephen Chou
Wholesale Retail Megablocks Stanford Mart
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Made in L.A., 2040
Fancy* Manufacturing Districts of Downtown Los Angeles: Niche products + Production space as attraction
Jewelry District
California Market Center
Custom Fabrication District
Farming District
The productive landscape of Downtown LA, 2040 takes full advantage of the intellectual and skilled labor made accessible through its proximity to existing urban centers and its connection to regional transportation networks.
Fashion District 2040
Santee Alley
Tissue & Organ District
City Market of Los Angeles
Gamification Devices District
Fancy Packaging District
Personal Mobility District Custom Electronics District
ST .
Hi-Tech Gastronomy District MA
IN
LA
SO
UT
H
ION
ion
Fas h
ion
Dis
tric
TRI
CT
201
0
Fas hio n ion 20 Distr D 20 istr 40 ict 40 ict
ion 20 Distr 40 ict
Fas h
DIS
Fas h
Fas h
t 20
10
Fas h
ion
Dis
tric
t 20
10
Dis
tric
t 20
10
Consolidation The significant land area enclosed by today’s fashion district should be consolidated into a more walkable area.
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LA Fashion Mart
FAS H
Diversification The freed-up land should provide accommodation for other industries that may take advantage of this prime location - adding diversity to not only the produce but also labor population and visitor experience.
Densification Activities that were consolidated and condensed should be accommodated by up-zoned buildings with adequate infrastructural support, while incentivizing development interest.
Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
Silver Lake Echo Park
UNION STATION
Jew Dis elry tric t
Fas Dis hion t 20 rict 40
Fab Fanc y ri Dis catio tric n t Tis & O sue Dis rgan tric t
Fur n Dis iture tric t
H Ga i-tec stro h Dis nom tric y t
Ga mif De icatio v n Dis ices tric t
C Ele usto m ct Dis ronic tric s t
Arc h Fab itec ric tur Dis atio al tric n t
Fa Far ncy m Dis ing tric t
F Pa ancy ck Dis agin tric g t
HSR
Am e Ap rica pa n rel
Cle T an Co ech rrid or
Pe r Mo sona l Dis bility tric t
Ce Lo ntra g l Dis istics tric t
REDONDO JUNCTION
A Hybrid Infrastructure Network Access + Mediation + Services
- New opportunities for synergic relationships and programmatic activities - Providing physical framework for future infrastructural overlays
Stephen Chou
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Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
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Made in L.A., 2040
Industrial “flagship” spaces and demonstrative energy infrastructures accelerate the proliferation and hybridization of public programs into industrial and infrastructural spaces. As the popularity for lower carbonemission living and consuming locally produced and morally produced products increase, the spaces of production can now become the ideal “flagship” spaces for branding. The proximity to the urban centers and connections to broader networks furthermore make Downtown L.A. an ideal place for a new generation of didactic “factories” to take place. It also sets the environment for demonstrative public and private infrastructures to open to the public.
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
Fuller’s Cotton Mill Model: Textile Recycling Plant + Education/Exhibition Institution
Bio-Waste-Power: Bio-waste Processing + Energy Generation
The Fiat Lingotto Model: Testing + Demo + Entertainment
Fancy Bar of the Industrial “Past”: Locally Produced Beverages + Remodelled Industrial Setting Stephen Chou
Synergic Energy Programs: Refridgerated Warehouse + Heated Public Pool
Fancy Gastronomy Lab: Product Sampling + Exclusive Dining
The Sofa Hostel: Overstocked Furniture + Frugal Accommodation
Fancy Packaging Plant: Product Sampling + Exclusive Dining
The Spandex Pavillion: Fabric Material Research and Display + Public Space
Wind Tunnel Facility: ProductTesting + Spectacle
Building Slot: Inter-connected Sky Plane + Old Building Stimulator
Prototype Museum: Prototype Testing and Display + Market Reaction Research
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Made in L.A., 2040
Infrastructural interventions are phase-based, responsive, adaptive, and provisional.
Mega-infrastructural Clusters take advantage of economy of scale. With large enough of a development justifying the cost for built-in, fully integrated, massive shared infrastructures. Neighborhood Facilitators and Distributed Sharing Systems are formed through more collective efforts, evolving through different phases. The Old Building Adaptors strategically place interventions so old structures may interface with new infrastructural advancements, while also activating and altering program within the building.
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
Mega-infrastructural Cluster
Neighborhood Facilitators
Old Building Adapters
Distributed Sharing Systems
Stephen Chou
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Made in L.A., 2040
MADE IN L.A. DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES
SOUTH MAIN ST.
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L.A. FASHION DISTRICT
2040
S LOS ANGELES ST.
Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
SANTEE ST.
Stephen Chou
SANTEE ALLEY
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Made in L.A., 2040
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Stephen Chou
Made in L.A., 2040
Stephen Chou
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Recirculating 60 Broad Street C-BIP | Building Retrofit Strategy C-BIP Integrated Design Studio: Building Strategy Phase Spring 2011 Critic: Team: Site:
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Laura Kurgan Collin Anderson Alexis Burson Stephen Chou 60 Broad St., New York, NY
60 Broad Street suffers from poor natural daylighting and air circulation - a problem known as “sick building syndrome� - which is prevalent in many glass towers constructed during 1970s in New York City. Affiliated single-client leases are fractured among various floor levels, creating working conditions that inhibit collaboration and flexibility. This retrofit strategy pairs new methods
of inhabitant connectivity with passive ventilation and natural daylighting to recirculate people and recirculate air. The goal of the retrofit strategy is to positively alter the internal life of the building, drive down energy costs and decrease carbon emissions. This is accomplished via a double-skin cladding that houses perimeter stairwells and programmatic breakout nodes.
Stephen Chou
REET
C-BIP Building Retrofit Strategy: Recirculating 60 Broad St. RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET EXISTING PROGRAM STRUCTURE + SITE CONDITIONS
ZONING: C5-5 YEAR BUILT: 1961 NUMBER OF FLOORS: 38 BUILDING FAR: 21.78 MAX ALLOWABLE FAR: 15 BUILDING AREA: 975,000 SF COMMERCIAL AREA: 975,000 SF
PRIVATE SECTOR TENANTS
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (STATE + CITY)
NYC: +40.71째
PRIVATE SECTOR TENANTS + GROUND FLOOR COMMERCIAL
N
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET
27F LEVEL 7,873 sqft
19F LEVEL 3,926 sqft
19F LEVEL 8,580 sqft 15F LEVEL 771.2 sqft 11F LEVEL 1,589 sqft
LEVELS 1-5
11F LEVEL 12,650 sqft
N
15F LEVEL 1,716 sqft
LEVELS 6-10
N
LEVELS 11-14
N
LEVELS 15-18
Old air-tight glass boxes risk sick building syndrome.
Dominant core size, blockage of cross-floor circulation, and high dependence on elevators. Stephen Chou
N
LEVELS 19-26
N
LEVELS 27-38
N
Conventional building construction practices advocate air-tight building envelopes, but if not paired with adequate HVAC systems, building-related illness can develop for the inhabitants due to sick building syndrome. Due to changes in regulation or without upgrade over a long period of time, many glass towers in the city may promote sick building syndrome. The tallness of the building and its enormous amount of inhabitable square footage resulted in a large, dominating solid core, blocking cross-floor building circulation.
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C-BIP Building Retrofit Strategy: Recirculating 60 Broad St. RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET RECIRCULATING AIR
RULE OF THUMB: FOR EVERY 20 ft. OF OCCUPIABLE FLOOR DEPTH, THERE SHOULD BE 1 ft. OF CAVITY DEPTH
Recirculating Air
d
DOUBLE SKIN TO INCREASE NATURAL VENTILATION
The goals of recirculating air of 60 Broad Street is achieved through re-skinning by adding an extra layer to form a double skin facade. The air space sandwitched between the original facade surface and the new skin is regulated seasonally - storing hot air to assist the building HVAC in winter, reject heat in summer, and promote natural ventilation in the shoulder seasons through stack effect.
D w D= depth of the floorplate (from core to perimeter) d= depth of the cavity w= width of the module THE DEPTH OF THE OCCUPIED SPACE DRIVES THE CAVITY DEPTH
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET RECIRCULATING AIR AHU
AHU
AHU
HEAT HARVESTED FROM CAVITY AIR VIA HEAT EXCHANGER
KNEE WALLS HOUSE DUCTS TO AHU
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WINTER CONDITIONS
SPRING/FALL CONDITIONS
SUMMER CONDITIONS
HEATING DRIVEN VENTILATION
OPTIMAL CROSS-VENTILATION
COOLING DRIVEN VENTILATION
Stephen Chou
C-BIP Building Retrofit Strategy: Recirculating 60 Broad St. RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET RECIRCULATING PEOPLE
INT ON
- SM - PL
PATIO SPACES
PERIMETER WALL CIRCULATION TO INCREASE INHABITANT FLEXIBILITY
Recirculating People
27F
RECIRCULATING 60 BROAD STREET REPROGRAMMING NEWLY ACCESSIBLE SPACES
7,873 sqft
LES INT
19F
8,580+2,926 sqft
- TA - IN
15F
1,716+771 sqft
11F
RECIRCULATE AND REPROGRAM TO ACTIVATE OUTDOOR PATIO SPACES
48.61%
12,650+1,590 sqft
Reprogramming Newly Accessible Spaces
OF TOTAL OCCUPIABLE SPACE CONCENTRATED IN LEVELS 1-11
6F
The goals of recirculating people in 60 Broad Street is achieved through strategic perimeter circulation paths that connect to different floors and shared patio green spaces that are newly activated.
4,386 sqft
MO FOR
- CO COM LAR - IN -M
Circulation Intervention Permutations Vertical Perimeter Stairwells
Promenade Instantiare
Local Zip Lines
circulation efficiency
programmatic qualities
Stephen Chou
circulation efficiency
adaptability to existing floor plans
structural efficiency
aesthetic
programmatic qualities
adaptability to existing floor plans
aesthetic
structural efficiency
programmatic qualities
structural efficiency
programmatic qualities
circulation efficiency
adaptability to existing floor plans
aesthetic
adaptability to existing floor plans
st ef
aesthetic
programmatic qualities
circulation efficiency
circulation efficiency
structural efficiency
circulation efficiency
adaptability to existing floor plans
structural efficiency
Hybrid
structural efficiency
programmatic qualities
adaptability to existing floor plans
aesthetic
aesthetic
Optimize with stucture, internal programs, and even distribution of connected green space square footage.
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C-BIP Building Retrofit Strategy: Recirculating 60 Broad St.
AVERAGE DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE PER MONTH IN NYC
34º
JANUARY:
31º
FEBRUARY: MARCH:
ENERGY NEEDED TO HEAT THE BUILDING
42º
BTUHbldg = .018 · CFM req’d · 60 · (Th-To)
APRIL: 51º MAY:
= 1,909,950 BTUH
71º
JULY:
77º
AVERAGE WINTER DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE: ENERGY SUPPLEMENTED BY THE DOUBLE SKIN FACADE
40º
77º
SEPTEMBER: OCTOBER:
68º
BTUHbldg = .018 · CFM req’d · 60 · (Th-Tc)
57º
NOVEMBER:
45º
DECEMBER:
38º
BTUHbldg = .018 · 1,909,950 · (95-70)
55% POTENTIAL
= 859,477 BTUH
ENERGY SAVINGS IN THE WINTER
BEFORE
AFTER
AIR-TIGHT, PRESSURIZED ENVELOPE WITH NO NATURAL VENTILATION CAPABILITIES
POTENTIAL TO TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS APPROPRIATE FOR NATURAL VENTILATION
YEARLY COOLING LOAD
YEARLY HEATING LOAD
75%
49%
YEARLY COOLING LOAD
26%
25%
2200
NUMBER OF HOURS OVER ONE YEAR
NUMBER OF HOURS OVER ONE YEAR
NO LOAD
YEARLY HEATING LOAD
25%
2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
0º-09º
10º-19º
20º-29º
30º-39º
40º-49º
50º-59º
60º-69º
70º-79º
80º-89º
90º-99º 100º-109º
0º-09º
TEMPERATURE RANGES IN NEW YORK CITY
10º-19º
20º-29º
30º-39º
40º-49º
50º-59º
60º-69º
70º-79º
80º-89º
Lights
Lights
Plugloads
Plugloads
Space Heating
Space Heating
Heat Rejection Pumps Ventilation Fans Domestic Hot Water
90º-99º 100º-109º
TEMPERATURE RANGES IN NEW YORK CITY
Space Cooling
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Although metrics play essential roles in defining parametric relationships, a greater theme of interest is the potential of triggering lifestyle changes through programmatic changes - by simply bring the inhabitants out of the air-tight box and have more awareness and utilization of the outside environment. Changes of the internal lives of the building may be difficult to reflect through numbers, yet is essential to all architectural experiences and retrofitting strategies.
BTUHbldg = .018 · 1,909,950 · (95-40)
61º
JUNE:
AUGUST:
The recirculation of air and incorporation of the double skin gives the building new opportunities to utilize and better respond to the exterior climate.
given 1,909,950 CFM required for the building...
Space Cooling
REDUCTION IN HEATING AND COOLING LOAD
Heat Rejection Pumps Ventilation Fans
Stephen Domestic Hot Water
Chou
C-BIP Building Retrofit Strategy: Recirculating 60 Broad St.
B
A
B
The exterior form of the double skin facade may be configured differently for different affects and environmental purposes. Variations can be generated in relation to its distance to the core, provide shading, or to orient towards/away solar radiation, etc. Stephen Chou
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C-BIP Building Retrofit Strategy: Recirculating 60 Broad St.
The perimeter pathways offer connections to patio green spaces, but they are also attractions by themselves, providing break out spaces and connections to other floors. Longer, promenade formations can be desirable at higher levels to take advantage of the excellent views the building has to offer, but previous inaccessible to most.
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Parametric relationships can also be developed between the pathway element and the double skin element - optimizing programmatic intent, structure, air cavity size, and form.
Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
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C-BIP Building Element Design: Climatarium
Climatarium
Improvement in glazing quality and quantity
C-BIP Integrated Design Studio: Building Element Design Spring 2011 Critic:
Reclaiming site environmental factors for user's own purpose/comfort
Reduction in heating and cooling loads
ENVIRONMENTAL Amount/scale of change to existing structure
User configurability and flexibility
Laura Kurgan PROGRAM
ELEMENT
STRUCTURE + INFRASTRUCTURE Integratedness between element and existing building infrastructures
Enhancement to existing programs
SYSTEMS The ability to influence at multiple scales The flexibility to respond to changes
The Climatarium adds to the building envelope an inhabitable buffer space between interior and exterior climates. Climatarium adds extra square footage while its form (in plan and section) can be adjusted to orient towards or away from the sun exposure for different environmental purposes. When aggregated across the facade it has the potential of altering the overall orientation property of a building.
Ability to exist independently but also aggregate/expand to entire building
The element seeks to bring the dwellers of air-conditioned spaces closer to the NYC climate. The user should be able to customize the usage and comfort levels of this buffer space, therefore achieving better building performance not only through improved metrics but also through lifestyle and programmatic changes.
PRARMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS INPUT PARAMETERS Orientation_Angle SRF_Ratio
Element_Depth Top_Panel_Depth_Ratio Offset_TOP Offset_BTM Offset_LEFT Offset_RIGHT
-30deg 0.6
-15deg 0.6
0deg 0.6
15deg 0.8
30deg 0.4
30deg 0.8-0.6-0.4
6ft 1.2 0ft 0ft 0ft 0ft
3ft 1.2 0ft 0ft 0ft 0ft
10in 1.0 0ft 0ft 0ft 0ft
6ft 0.75 0ft 0ft 0ft 0ft
4ft 1.1 3ft 0ft 0ft 0ft
4ft 1.1 -2ft 0ft 5ft 0ft
OUTPUT PARAMETERS / EFFECTS Output_Area Output_Volume
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2.942 m2 9.583 m3
The buffer air space can either be inhabitable, or reduced in depth to form a double skin facade.
Change in overhang to introduce more sun exposure into element.
The width and height of the element are user-definable to create a variety of spaces for different uses and performances.
The percentage glazing can be controlled to meet desired conditions.
Stephen Chou
C-BIP Building Element Design: Climatarium
Application Scenarios East Facade
Element orientation changes with floor level. The higher the element, the more chance of over-exposure: Element plan and main glazing surface orient away from the sun. The lower the element, the more chance of under-exposure: Element plan and main glazing surface orient towards the sun. Aggregation seeks to minimize blockage to other windows.
Stephen Chou
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C-BIP Building Element Design: Climatarium
South Facade Element orientation seeks to avoid direct sun exposure to main glazing surface to reduce cooling loads. Element form (in section) seeks to increase shading with larger overhang. Aggregation seeks to provide shading for both the other elements and existing windows.
North Facade Element orientation seeks to increase sun exposure. For instance, morning or late afternoon in New York City. Elements can be used discretely and independently.
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Stephen Chou
C-BIP Building Element Design: Climatarium
The climatarium adds new programmatic opportunities to existing programs.
According different seasons, the climatarium may also be attached to other systems to become light shelves.
Collaborative Developments
543 3rd. AVENUE (Highrise Residential)
Simon McGown + Omar Morales-Armstrong + Stephen Shaun Salisbury Climatarium used in conjunction with Mary McConnell’s Light Shelf element to be integrated into a larger building infrastructure system that provides fresh air supply and increases natural light penetration. Stephen Chou
1980 LAFAYETTE (Stevenson School)
Kelly Danz + Rikki Frenkel + Garth Priber Climatarium used as additions of a variety of new programmatic spaces. An external knowledge pattern was used to further control the total amount of inhabitable area created.
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Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate Housing for Entrepreneurship CORE STUDIO III: HOUSING Fall 2010 Critic: Team: Site:
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Michael Bell Stephen Chou Allison Rozwat Hoboken, NJ
The focus of “Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate� is exploring how architecture and spatial form may influence social interactions - a topic that has a long history in architecture discourse. We proposed to create a mixed-use development specifically for harboring startup companies and entrepreneurs in the master
planning phase. As the scope concentrates onto housing, we seek to create a new spatial form - different from the existing hallway model - that not only adequately regulates public/private in an entrepreneurial, extrovert environment, but also respond more to the richness of human interactions.
Stephen Chou
Washi ngton St.
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
Washi ngton St.
Hoboken
Observ
Washi ng
ton St.
er Hwy
“Historic Urban Village” - Hoboken Master Plan, 2004 Observ
Main Blvd
er Hwy
Observ
Main Blvd
Washing
ton Blvd
er Hwy
ton Blvd
INDEPENDENT BUSINESSES
Washing
Retail Restaurant Service Industries Offices
CORPORATE/CHAIN BUSINESSES
ton Blvd
Jersey City
Retail Restaurant Service Industries Offices
Washing
“World Class Center” - Jersey City Master Plan, 2000
Stephen Chou
(commercial listings on google map)
INDEPENDENT BUSINESSES Retail Restaurant Service Industries Offices
CORPORATE/CHAIN BUSINESSES Retail Restaurant Service Industries Offices
Two cities, two visions.
The 76-acre site sits between Hoboken and Jersey City - two cities with very different visions - Hoboken seeks to preserve its historic character and small, intimate scale, while Jersey City aspires to become a center for world-class corporations and business activity.
An entrepreneurial environment that responds to both cities’ aspirations.
Recognizing the relationship between the scale and type of business and its associated spatial characters and needs, we propose to create a mixed use development for entrepreneurship: accommodating the scale and interactions of small startup companies, while nurturing “world-class” creativity and business potential.
(commercial listings on google map)
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Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
Using both program and spatial setups to promote the dissemination and exchange of Weak Ties information and ideas.
InThe Strength of Weak Ties, sociologist Mark Granovetter demonstrated a model of understanding human relationships through “strong” vs. “weak” ties. He argued that strong ties connect people through similarity and tend to form closed loops, while weak ties (acquaintances) more often propagate new ideas and opportunities.
Strong Ties
Granovetter, Mark “The Strength of Weak Ties”
However, all relationships are important in their own ways in the entrepreneurial process.
Weak Ties Strong Ties Weak Ties Strong Ties
Granovetter, Mark “The Strength of Weak Ties”
information
OFFICE
Granovetter, Mark “The Strength of Weak Ties”
Granovetter, Mark “The Strength of Weak Ties”
SEMINAR
(small startup)
Weak Ties StrongThe Ties proposed development, in addition
Weak Ties Strong Ties
TRANSIT
information
to housing and offices, will encorporate “programs of dissemination” strategically selected and placed so that it may accommodate and facilitate meaningful interactions across different forms of relationships. information
information
Strong ties Teamwork, camaraderie, strong support systems Hoboken Population
Using information to attract weak ties and facilitate meaningful interactions between them.
Entrepreneurers
MEETING ROOMS
Commuters
Neutral condition for testing, experimenting, and broadcasting ideas
Programs
Mentors Entrepreneurers VCs Employees
Jersey City Population
HOUSING
Hoboken 7,400,000 sqft
Hoboken Population
Dissemination COFFEE SHOP
5,400,000 sqft
SEMINAR of
Hoboken Population
OFFICES
MEETING PUBLIC ROOMS THEATER
Entrepreneurers
RETAIL
Commuters
Commuters Visitors
500,000 sqft Commuters
Employees
Mentors VCs Employees Jersey City Population
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of
Jersey City Population
Dissemination COFFEE SHOP
PUBLIC THEATER
- Scale of interaction - Specificity of the information being exchanged
Visitors
OFFICES
5,400,000 sqft
OFFICES
5,400
HOUSING Programs
7,400,000 sqft
HOUSING
7,400
RETAIL
500,0
TRANSIT
500,0
MEETING ROOMS SEMINAR SEMINAR 5,400,000 sqft
OFFICES
of
Dissemination
HOUSING PUBLIC COFFEE
COFFEEEmployees SHOP
Visitors
Differentiated by:
Visitors
Mentors VCs
500,000 sqft
Programs Jersey City Population
Entrepreneurers
MEETING ROOMS
Programs of SEMINAR Dissemination
TRANSIT Mentors VCs
Population
THEATER SHOP
RETAIL
500,000 sqft
7,400,000 sqft
PUBLIC THEATER
TRANSIT
500,000 sqft
RETAIL
500,000 sqft
TRANSIT
500,000 sqft
Stephen Chou
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
“...it would be foolish to suggest that a HALL CHAMBER #1
HALL
CHAMBER
HALL
CHAMBER #1
CHAMBER CHAMBER
HALL
CHAMBER #2 CHAMBER #2
(architectural) plan could compel people to behave in a specific way towards one another, enforcing a day-to-day regime of gregarious
CHAMBER
sensuality. It would be still more foolish, SITTING ROOM
SITTING ENTRY ROOM
ENTRY SITTING
ROOM
CHAMBER CHAMBER #4 #4
SITTING ROOM
GREAT DINING GREAT DINING ROOM ROOM
CHAMBER #3 CHAMBER #3
prevent people from behaving in a particular
16th14TH Century Italian CENTURY ITALIANVilla VILLA
19th Century 19TH CENTURY VICTORIAN HOME Victorian
Home 19TH CENTURY VICTORIAN HOME of hallways as The introduction social regulating device
14TH CENTURY ITALIAN VILLA
We seek a new spatial framework that can respond to the richness of human interactions. Free Grid
however, to suggest that a plan could not
The Hallway
Hierarchical
way, or at least hinder them from doing so.” - Robin Evans, Figures, Doors and Passages, 1978
The spatial framework described by a plan can be used as a device to organize public/private, to influence ways people manage and engage with other people. The free grid and the total hierarchical rooms are here taken as two extremes. The hallway is interpreted as an existing solution to a middle ground between the two extremes. To seek for a new spatial framework, plans are operated, transformed, and reinterpretated.
?
DELAMINATION
OVERLAY SCALESCALE OVERLAY
DELAMINATION DELAMINATION
DELAMINATION DELAMINATION
PERFORATION OPERATIONS PERFORATION OPERATIONS SHIFT
DELAMINATION DELAMINATION
STRETCH + SHIFT STRETCH + SHIFT
DELAMINATION
STRETCH + SHIFT
DELAMINATION
PERFORATION OPERATIONS
SCALE OVERLAY
DELAMINATION
DISTRIBUTE DISTRIBUTE
SHIFTSHIFT
Stephen Chou
DISTRIBUTE
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Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
STUDIO
1 BEDROOM
2 BEDROOM
3 BEDROOM
A wall has two surfaces, each having its own distinctive qualities - materiality, public/ private, opacity, etc. These qualities and their relationships are re-defined by delaminating these two surfaces.
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The apartment unit is here examined more closely - the relationships between interior and exterior surfaces were inverted by the delamination operation. By reconsidering the public/private and materiality of the inverted unit, we propose an atrium complex in which units looks into each other and the dissemination programs below. All units of the atrium are connected by a spiral ramp system on which residents and guests may circulate through blurred private/public zones of each unit as they head to the incubators below, or to the outdoor amenities on the roof level.
Stephen Chou
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
DISSEMINATION PROGRAM
g it un it e c un nit u
ta
i un
Changing mediating surface ATRIUM
b
it Ramp circulation un t d i f constantly changing un vertical it un it h relationship with unit n
unit g
u
unit e
SEMI-PUBLIC ZONE
ATRIUM
Each unit would have multiple layers of views into the dissemination program. INFLECTION OF VIEWS
Stephen Chou
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Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
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Stephen Chou
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
The site plan grid is formed first by extending the Hoboken street grid to connect to Jersey City. Strips are further divided into blocks that enclose regularized rail track patterns. The fabric of atrium housing complexes blankets over
Stephen Chou
the wide expanse of dissemination programs and public spaces. Atriums may change in size and height, influencing the relationship with the programs below.
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42
Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
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Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
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Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
1 BEDROOM
STUDIO
2 BEDROOM PUBLIC SPACE
3 BEDROOM
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Stephen Chou
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
Stephen Chou
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Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
FREE SPACE
FREE SPACE
S
PUBLIC RAMP
S PUBLIC RAMP S PUBLIC RAMP
S
PUBLIC RAMP
ONY PUBLIC BALC
ONY PUBLIC BALC
FREE SPACE
FREE SPACE
PUBLIC BALCO
NY
PUBLIC BALCO
NY
Studio
S
PUBLIC RAMP
S
PUBLIC RAMP
1BR
FREE SPACE PUBLIC BALCO NY
PUBLIC BALCO
NY
STUDIO
STUDIO
1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
1 BEDROOM 1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
1 BEDROOM 1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
2 BEDROOM 1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
2 BEDROOM 1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
S
PUBLIC RAMP
S
PUBLIC RAMP
FREE SPACE
FREE SPACE
PUBLIC BALCO
NY
PUBLIC BALCO
NY
2 BEDROOM 2BR 1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
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3 BEDROOM
3BR
1’-0” = 0’-1/4”
Stephen Chou
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
Stephen Chou
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Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
A three-panel system using light weight Panelite panels to mediate opacity and transparency of the bed room to the rest of the atrium. Inhabitants can have visual privacy but still be aware of the activity outside. 50
Stephen Chou
Housing Studio: Circulate, Delaminate, Incubate
Stephen Chou
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The Museum of Diaspora
An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments CORE STUDIO II Spring 2010 Critic: Mark Wasiuta Site: Chinatown, New York, NY
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The Museum of Diaspora provides curators an opportunity for an extra dimension of sensory experiences - the atmospheric environment an experience that has long been neutralized with the wide-spread of airconditioning technologies and notions
of “modern� comfort. The project then seeks to disintegrate conventional air-conditioning technologies and building envelops to create and contain diverse atmospheric environments in the museum.
Stephen Chou
The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
Macro
Fire pla Mid ce / H wes e t US ar th A
Meso
Onse n Japa n
Micro
Macro
Macro
Meso
Meso
Micro
Micro
Dessert Shop Singapore
Sauna d Finlan
Kang Northern China
Islam ic Cour tyards Middl e East
The diaspora of air-conditioned environments has neutralized the atmospheric diversity of everyday experiences.
We live in a world of atmospheric diversity - countless human creations, traditions, rituals, behaviors, and sensibilities of different groups of people can be directly or indirectly related to the atmospheric environment of a certain time and place that they inhabit in.
72F, 50%RH, neutral light.
However, the global diaspora of airconditioned environments has greatly neutralized many of these experiences with the wide-spread notions of “modern comfort� and modern environmental control equipments.
The air will now carry curatorial purpose.
Museum environments are among the most controlled, conditioned environments. The Museum of Diaspora challenges the normative enironment by providing curators the opportunity to integrate the atmospheric environment of the museum into the curation process.
le shi Temp Meenak i, India Madura
Ice Cream
Vendor in Dis ney World Florida
The Museum of Diaspora challenges curators to include another sensory dimension to the museum experience. The air can enhance, contrast, induce comfort/discomfort, produce physiological effects for museum exhibits, the air can even be the exhibit itself.
Stephen Chou
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The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
Inhabiting the AHU.
AHU AHU
The air-conditioning process itself exists a diverse set of atmospheric conditions - all within the air handling unit! The Museum of Disapora seeks to inhabit the AHU.
Exterior Exterior
Full Control Full Control
No Control No Control
Interior
Fan
Interior
Filter
Fan
Heater
Filter
Cooler
Heater
Cooler
Active Control Humidity Control Humidity Control
Active Control
Passive Control Passive Control Exterior
Rain Screen/ Filter Rain Screen/ Filter
Air Space/ Insulation 1 Air Space/ Insulation 1
Exterior/ No Control Exterior/ No Control
Polyurethane/ Insulation 2 Polyurethane/ Insulation 2
Vapor Barrier Vapor Barrier
No Control
Exterior Full
Galleries
Control
Interior/ Full Control Interior/ Full Control
Exterior
Full Control Full Control
No Control No Control
Interior Interior
Interior Exterior
Exterior
Exterior
Cafe Seating + Lounge
Outdoor Garden
No Control
Seasonal Gallery
Full Control
Galleries
Human Residue Space
Contolled Air Exhibits
Exterior
Full Control
No Control
Kitchen + Storage
Interior
Interior Exterior
Edu. Offices
Social Spaces Full Control
No Control
No Control
Classrooms
Admin. Offices
Full Control
Multimedia Gallery Interior
Exterior
Stephen Chou Cafe Seating + Lounge
Lobby
Full Control
Exterior
Interior
Interior
54
No Control
Lobby + Reception
Filter
Heater
Through the separation of the conventional (stacked) systems, new containments could be formed to house a variety of conditions between the exterior/interior and no-control/fullcontrol zones.
F RH
JAN
Mechanical Zone
F
mple kshi Te Meena , India Madurai Ice Cream JUL
Vendor in Dis ney World Florida
F RH
JAN
JUL
Reception
Outdoor Garden
Lobby
F Gallery
WC
Exterior/ No Control Gallery
F
Mechanical Core
Admin. Offices (Seasonal)
Kitchen
Office Equipment Room
Admin. Offices
Cafe Seating
WC
F RH
JAN
Gallery
F
Central Heating/Cooling Source JUL
Auditorium Gallery
WC
F RH
JAN
WC
F
Social Spaces
Mechanical Core
JUL
Gallery
Mechanical Core
t. eS
The formal logic of the building is the separation of wall layers creating pockets of different types of containments.
Gallery
WC
Gallery Bubble
JAN
Event Space + Gallery
Gallery
F
RH
Chr
ysti
JUL
Air Space/ Insulation 1
Changing Rooms
Gallery
JAN
Rain Screen/ Filter
F
RH
Bow ery
Materials Process Room
Storage
Mechanical Core
Kang Northern China
JUL
Mechanical Core
The environmental control systems of architecture consists of: - Active control system - mechanicalMacro systems that condition atmosphere Meso - Passive control system - material Micro systems that control the containment/ separation of atmospheres.
Mechanical Core
The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
Cafe Seating
Courtyard
Classroom Multimedia Gallery
Education Offices
WC
F
Mechanical Gardens
Stephen Chou
Mechanical Core
Supplementary Heating/Cooling Source
Event Space
Rooftop Garden
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The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
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Stephen Chou
The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
The museum takes advantage of the piecewise active control with the layers of passive control systems to create curated environments.
Stephen Chou
Air will be filtered and taken in from the Chrystie Street faรงade and will be ventilated through layers of different containments in piecewise conditioning processes at each level. Curators are not only able to generate specific atmospheres for curatorial purposes in the fully enclosed, controlled Bowery side, but may also selectively utilize the New York City atmosphere (exterior/ Chrystie st. side) along the air processing sequence.
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The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
The Chrysite St. facade is composed of a grid of filters that would register the air condition of the site as it filters air into the building.
The exterior space can utilize the climate of NYC to hold seasonal exhibits, it can also serve as an mixing air space to exhibit the effects when the curated air comes in contact with the exterior.
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Stephen Chou
The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
Stephen Chou
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The Museum of Diaspora: An Exhibition of Atmospheric Environments
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Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
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Airlab
The Urban Science Research Institution CORE STUDIO I: Degrees of Uncertainty Fall 2009 Critic: Site:
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Janette Kim The High Line Chelsea, NYC
The Airlab aims to respond to the urban conditions of the site - as a science research institution, how to benefit from the high density of audiences on site; as a building, how to strategically share spaces to the public, while taking advantage of the surrounding opportunities.
Stephen Chou
Airlab: The Urban Science Research Institution
15,480,194 2.7%
8,141,878 2.4%
557,860,307
331,103,022
8,363,710
760,009,500
830,565,100 3,279,304 1.3%
87,479 + ( ? )
= 10,000 people
248,974,836
368,003 11.22%
55,372,860
China
India
USA
Urban Population Growth (USA)
The sharing of resources + the increased interaction between people
New York City
Chelsea District
As a result of the rapid, continual population growth and other economic, social, political forces, the massive, global trend of urbanization extending into the coming decades has become a certainty. High density urban areas may become preferable for its ability to maximize the sharing of resources (internally and externally) and the increased interaction between people to generate new social conditions.
through the site. As an urban building, it can share space to the public while attracting interest or new urban functions in return. It can also strategically utilize existing site conditions to activate different public programs. By further investigating program timetables, airlab may effectivelt achieve the sharing of resources both internally and externally.
The airlab as a science institution in an urban setting can benefit through promoting its work to the dense and diverse population living or traveling Stephen Chou
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Airlab: The Urban Science Research Institution
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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17
18
19
20
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22
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Wet Lab Ad-Hoc Dry Lab Stationary Dry Lab Administrative Offices Principal Offices
Conference Room
Library Stacks Reading Room Outdoor Observation Area
Scientists + Staff
Generator Room Materials Storage Hub Photography Work Station Data Storage
Tourists
Kitchen Lab Toilets Common Room Deck
Elevator
Visitors
Vehicle Garage
Public Toilet Public Elevator
Neighbors
Observation Deck
Auditorium Auditorium Toilets
VIP 24hr Public Cafe Convenience Store
Rest Areas Nighttime Public Open Space
Monitoring Station
Time-sharing between different programs and providing flexibility in divisions for multiple public/ private configurations.
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Internally, programs are organized according to its determinacy to generate more flexible spaces that could be adopted for the use of different publics at different amounts. A system of wire-framing is used to divide, sub-divide, and connect spaces, while different enclosures can still exist in parallel by adding glass or solid
divisions. The screening capability of the wireframe also provides different moments of interaction between the building’s different users.
Stephen Chou
Equipment Storage
Wet Lab
Wet Lab Data Storage
Data Storage
10F
9F
8F
Wet Lab
Rest Wet Area Lab
Wet
FAR = 6 RF
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
3F
4F
Lab The Urban Science Research Institution Airlab:
5F
6F
Equipment Storage
Data Storage
Materials Storage
Data Storage
Seminar Room
9F
8F
Rest Area Wet Lab
Public Toilet
RF
10F Wet Lab
1F
2F
3F 7F
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
Public Toilet Seminar Room
Materials Storage Wet Lab
FAR = 6 Wet Lab
Wet Lab
4F
5F
1F
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
2F
6F
7F
Wet Lab
Wet Wet Lab Lab
Equipment Storage Rest Area Data Storage
Wet Data Lab Storage
8F
Wet Lab
4F9F
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
10F 5F 3F
6F
RF
Wet Lab Public Toilet
Materials Storage
Wet Lab
Seminar Room
1F
3F
2F
Stephen Chou 7F
Public Toilet
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Airlab: The Urban Science Research Institution
The bottom levels provide public access to the Highline, while sharing the garage space to mobile facilities in the city (food trucks or bodega carts for instance).
FAR = 6
The mid-levels provide an auditorium that connects to the highline for public use, while taking the Highline as stage of visual attention.
RF 10F 9F 8F
Rest Area
ata rage
RF
10F
9F
Seminar Room
7F 7F
Wet Lab
6F
5F
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
4F
Wet Lab
Wet Lab
5F
6F
Wet Lab
3F
Wet Lab
3F
Public Toilet
2F Materials Storage
1F
1F
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2F
Stephen Chou
7F
7F
6F
6F
5F
5F
4F
4F
3F
3F
Airlab: The Urban Science Research Institution
2F
2F
1F
1F
Stephen Chou
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Stephen Chou
Airlab: The Urban Science Research Institution
By utilizing the existing High Line auditorium, Airlab becomes a stage to communicate science or environmental issues to the broader public, with its top levels offering the opportunities for large scale display that will face the Highline.
Stephen Chou
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Stephen Chou
Architectural Technologies and Fabrication
Stephen Chou
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Stephen Chou
Crinkle!
Surface/Screen/Structure BUILDING TECHNOLOGY ELECTIVE Fall 2011 Instructor: Team: Site:
Joseph Vidich Stephen Chou Kelsey Lents Allison Rozwat Adidas Performance Store 610 Broadway, New York, NY
Stephen Chou
Crinkle! is a sunscreen system developed for the Adidas Sports Performance Store on 610 Broadway. It consists of lasercut stainless steel sheet metal units that aggregate into a 3-dimensional, undulating, porous system that not only dissolves the severity of the original gridded facade, but also wraps around the building to accentuate the top levels of the street corner.
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Crinkle!: Surface/Screen/Structure
A unitized panel system that creates a 3-dimensional, undulating, porous surface that does not conform to the mullion grid. The current facade of the Adidas Sports Performance Store is a regularized glasss curtain wall system. We wanted to introduce a united system that has the potential to create a more sculptural, engaging screen to break the severity of the current mullion grid, and take advantage of the wide street crossing - a prime opportunity for the viewer to see the entire facade at street level.
aggregation to create basic bean dashed line showing fold pattern
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60
60 8" 16" 32"
16" 32" 64"
3 scales of base triangle
potential aggregations of basic bean
130
160
130
160
160
130
130
160
160
130
130
160
160
130
130
160
160
130
0
0
possible folding variations using only 130 and 160 degree bends connections between beans also occur at 130 and 160 degree
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Stephen Chou
Re-accentuating the building corner to the BroadwayHouston St. crossing.
The overall aggrgation wraps around the building to re-configure the uniform 1. standardized perforation pattern -wall allows glass curtain facade by purposefully 6 potential revealingplacements the top oflevels of the building pipe on each street corner. triangle As a wide crossing gathering a large amount of traffic, it would serve 4. example showing to bring visual attention and suggest creation of 6. continuous pipe armature with the building. different programs 5.
2.
3.
5.
6.
3.
portion of aggregation showing armature system along perforation pattern
Stephen Chou
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Crinkle!: Surface/Screen/Structure
CNC-Bent pipe armature system that not only supports the panel system, but also supplement the overall sculptural quality.
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The laser cut-stainless steel panels are also perforated with a dotted pattern that would serve as rivet points for the connecting ties to the armature system. The ties are special laser cut joinery pieces that fit the panel perforation pattern and and accommodate the armature pipes to pass through on multiple directions.
Stephen Chou
Crinkle!: Surface/Screen/Structure
dardized foration - allows potential ments of on each triangle
showing ation of ous pipe rmature
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6. 5.
Stephen Chou
rtion of regation
1.
3.
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Crinkle!: Surface/Screen/Structure
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36in Module Panel
MFG APPR.
SIZE DWG. NO.
B
FINISH
3
SHEET 3 OF 3
SCALE: 1:8 WEIGHT:
DO NOT SCALE DRAWING
2
3
2
3
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DRAWING IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE>. ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS A WHOLE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE> IS PROHIBITED.
REV
USED ON APPLICATION
1
8
7
6
5
4
1
8
7
6
5
4
DATE
TITLE:
CHECKED
MFG APPR.
SIZE DWG. NO.
REV
A-5
FINISH
SHEET 1 OF 1
SCALE: 1:2 WEIGHT:
DO NOT SCALE DRAWING
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1
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1
.13
.25 D
D
A
Hat Connector Type C (Mullion Connectors)
ENG APPR.
COMMENTS:
MATERIAL
NEXT ASSY
NAME DRAWN
Q.A.
INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER:
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
COMMENTS:
MATERIAL
NEXT ASSY
DATE
Q.A.
INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER:
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DRAWING IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE>. ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS A WHOLE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE> IS PROHIBITED.
NAME DRAWN
.85
D
D
1.95
17.97
3.60
C
C
1.50
1.03
0 R .0
0 R .0 0°
0°
0.0
1.06
UP 180.00° R .00
1.94
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES TOLERANCES: FRACTIONAL ANGULAR: MACH BEND TWO PLACE DECIMAL THREE PLACE DECIMAL
17.99
INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER:
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DRAWING IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE>. ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS A WHOLE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE> IS PROHIBITED.
78
B
.85
1.50 1.50
.04
A
8
B
18.00
UP
18 UP
18
.03 ° R
0.0
.00
1.50
B
1.95
50
.75
.1875
1.50
1.06
1.50
.75
1.50
TRUE R.13
1.50
UP
B
C
1.50
1.50
1.96
1.28
C
18.00 UP 50.00° R .03
1.50
1.95
7
3.00
3.00
0
UP
R .0
18
0°
0.0
0.0
0°
18
R .0
0
UP
.1875
.1875
6
5
MATERIAL
USED ON
NEXT ASSY APPLICATION
4
NAME
DATE
DRAWN
CRINKLE
DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES TOLERANCES: FRACTIONAL ANGULAR: MACH BEND TWO PLACE DECIMAL THREE PLACE DECIMAL
TITLE:
CHECKED
A
ENG APPR.
18in Module Panel
MFG APPR.
A
Q.A.
INTERPRET GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING PER:
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
COMMENTS:
SIZE DWG. NO.
FINISH
2
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DRAWING IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE>. ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS A WHOLE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF <INSERT COMPANY NAME HERE> IS PROHIBITED.
REV
1
SHEET 1 OF 3
SCALE: 1:4 WEIGHT:
DO NOT SCALE DRAWING
3
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
1
8
7
6
5
MATERIAL
USED ON
NEXT ASSY APPLICATION
4
NAME
DATE
DRAWN
TITLE:
CHECKED
Hat Connector Type B
ENG APPR. MFG APPR.
COMMENTS:
SIZE DWG. NO.
REV
A-4
FINISH
SHEET 1 OF 1
SCALE: 1:2 WEIGHT:
DO NOT SCALE DRAWING
3
A
Q.A.
2
1
Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
79
Crinkle!: Surface/Screen/Structure
Construction Diagram working drawing for construction of fabricated metal panels showing: pipe bend angles panel bend angles pipe and perforation pattern
105 deg
A4
down
p
160 down
160 up
p 0u
160
n
A1
138.5 deg
137.5 deg
103 deg
101.6 deg
up
n
16 0
A3
dow
p
130 130 down
0
dow
124 deg
140 deg
18
A2
13
p 130 u
100 deg 130
160 up
n dow 130 103 deg
124 deg
120.5 deg
130 u
n dow 130
n dow
180
n
ow
0d
160
p
n
140 deg 124 deg
180
103 deg
ow
120 deg
13
130 u
150 deg
0d
103 deg
16
up
114 deg
16
160 up
up
105 deg 0u
130
124 deg
130
135 deg
103 deg
80
Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
81
Filtro-Kiosk FABRICATION: FORMWORKS Fall 2010 Instructor: Team: Site:
82
Josh Draper Stephen Chou Nicole Kotsis Chris Powers Jodie Zhang School in Lionwe, Malawi
Filtro-Kiosk is a specially developed brick system to construct a wall that is able to carry the flow of water through cascading levels and multiple filtration units. These filtration kiosks are sited in a school in Malawi, where water infrastructure is under-developed and main access to water are through water kiosks. The goal is not only to provide for useable water, but to also visualize the filtration process, and create a visually and ambiently compelling space.
Stephen Chou
Formworks: Filtro-Kiosk
WATER INFRASTRUCTURES
Lake Malawi
LILONGWE
73%
WATER INFRASTRUCTURES Lake Malawi
Water kiosks present ancommunity effective way ofassociations operate, maintain, The intervention for bringing Self-organized delivering safe drinking water and collect revenue.to urban fresh water will be at the scale communities LILONGWE of population where there is a basic Water kiosks present an effective way of It is often inappropriate to sink wells or and type similar to existing supply (2004)network in place. The has access to safe domestic water delivering safe drinking water to urban drill boreholes in urban and semi-urban supply network may lack the capacity water kiosks, presently the communities where there is a basic neighbourhoods as conditions of to overcrowding support the connection of individual domestic supply network in place. The and poor waste disposal predominant water source in households water kiosks offer a way supply network may lack the capacity to can lead tobut groundwater contamination rural population to and dispense drinking water using existing support the connection of individual pollution of these sources. Lilongwe. of has access to safe water (2004)
40%
capacity.
0.9%
The Filtro-Kiosk will encorporate a water
holding wall at the scale of a typical kiosk. Deforestation Rate goal is not only to supplement clean (one of theThe highest in Africa)
Unsafe sewage disposal,water through filtration, but also serve an educational purpose by visualizing the agricultural runoff, flow of water and filtration process. and soil erosion due to deforestation combine to contaminate much of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fresh water.
Stephen Chou
households but water kiosks offer a way to dispense drinking water using existing capacity.
Sel and
73%
It is L drill neig over can and
of population has access to safe water (2004)
40%
of rural population has access to safe water (2004)
Rate (one of the highest in Africa) 0.9% Deforestation
Unsafe sewage disposal, agricultural runoff, and soil erosion due to deforestation combine to contaminate much of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fresh water.
83
Formworks: Filtro-Kiosk
configurations used in water kiosk
Filtration Cartridges
AGGREGATION POSSIBILITIES
84
Stephen Chou
Formworks: Filtro-Kiosk
Aerated concrete is a light weight structural concrete, created by a mixture of concrete and aluminum powder, which generates hydrogen bubbles during the curing process. The trapped bubbles of hydrogen ultimately evaporates and creates small closed cell air pocket in the concrete. We hypothesize that by manipulating the amount of aluminum added into the mixture, the density of the cell structures can then be manipulated, allowing flow of water at a rate to be determined.
A kiosk that would not only provide filtered water, but also visualize the filtration process, and create a visually and acoustically interesting place. Stephen Chou
The filtro-wall system may tap into existing grey water facilities on site, and take advantage of the terrain to introduce naturally flowing water. Given the educational purpose of the site, and the evaporative cooling effects and acoustical ambience of flowing water, the water kiosks may extend beyond utilitarian use, and become a place that is communal, educational, and compelling. 85
Formworks: Filtro-Kiosk
Top to bottom: Material studies in aerated concrete - concrete mixture with aluminum powder at different ratio mixtures. CNC milling of the two part mold. Finial casting result.
86
Stephen Chou
Stephen Chou
87
The New Tilt-Up: A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Building
The New Tilt-Up
A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Loft ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGIES V Spring 2010 Instructors: A J. Hibbs + Pat Hopple + Elias Dagher Team: Benjamin Brichta Stephen Chou Rubah Musvee Allison Rozwat
88
For the Bunker Loft in the Bronx, New York, we revisit the notion of load-bearing masonry construction through exploring the possibilities of precast concrete construction. Rather than the stacking of purely generic, mass-produced â&#x20AC;&#x153;blocksâ&#x20AC;?(such as bricks, stone blocks or CMUs, as traditionally used), we
propose exploiting the contemporary ability to manufacture highly-designed building components, and seek to simultaneously address building functions other than structure such as the enclosure and mechanical systems through masonry construction.
Stephen Chou
The New Tilt-Up: A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Building
Stephen Chou
89
The New Tilt-Up: A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Building
1/2” INCH STEEL PLATE, FIELD WELDED 1/2” INCH STEEL PLATE, FIELD WELDED CONNECTOR BETWEEN INSULATION AND CONCRETE INTEGRATED MECHANICAL AIR DUCT (HIDDEN) RACEWAY ELECTRICAL CONDUIT AND RADIANT SYSTEM (HIDDEN) 1/2” INCH STEEL WINDOW SEAT AND SILL 28’ 0”
3’ 0”
3’ 0”
28’ 0”
28’ 0”
4. TYPICAL PANEL PLAN
4 . GROUND FLOOR PANEL PLAN
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
4 . PARAPET PANEL PLAN
1-2 P3.0
3’1”
3’1”
4’ 10”
1’ 1”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
11’ 11-1/2” 9’ 6-1/2”
17’ 8”
1-2 P2.0
10’ 9-1/2”
14’ 7”
13’ 9-1/2”
6’ 5-1/2”
9’ 7”
6’ 5-1/2”
16’10”
1 P1.1
1P4
1-1 P3.0
1 P2.1
2. TYPICAL PANEL ELEVATION SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3 P2.0
3 P3.0
1-1 P2.0
2. GROUND FLOOR PANEL ELEVATION
1’ 6”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3. PARAPET PANEL SECTION
2. PARAPET PANEL ELEVATION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0” 17’ 8”
1 P1.0
3’ 0”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3 P1.0
2’ 4”
4’ 2”
3. TYPICAL PANEL SECTION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
9’ 0”
3. GROUND FLOOR PANEL SECTION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
90
Stephen Chou
3. LI
The New Tilt-Up: A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Building
Radiant Heating/Cooling Supply and Return Pipes Connects to Boiler/Chiller Radiant Heating/Cooling Manifold Access Box
Air Intake
AHU
Air Exhaust Supply Air Diffusers
Supply air feed into Termodeck
Supply air delivery through panel
Radiant Heating/Cooling System Embedded in Topping Slab
3’ 1”
14’ 0”
1-3 . TOP FLOOR PANEL PLAN
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3’ 1”
1’ 1”
11’ 11-1/2” 28’ 0”
1’1”
1’0”
1’ 1”
7’ 0”
14’ 0”
8’ 9”
14’ 0”
4. LIGHT WELL PANEL PLAN
2-3 . SIDE WALL PANEL PLAN
3-3 . CORNER PANEL PLAN
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
23’ 8”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3’ 1”
3’ 1”
3’ 1”
4’ 10”
8’ 9”
1’ 3-1/2”
11’ 11-1/2”
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
Stephen Chou
4’ 2”
4’ 2”
3 P4.0
3. LIGHT WELL PANEL SECTION
3-2 P5.0
1-2 P5.0
1-1 P4.0
2. LIGHT WELL PANEL ELEVATION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
13’ 9-1/2”
13’ 9-1/2”
16’ 10”
5’ 2”
9’ 7”
1-2 P4.0
1-1 P4.0
1-2 . TOP FLOOR PANEL SECTION SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
1-1 . TOP FLOOR PANEL ELEVATION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3-2 . CORNER PANEL SECTION SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
3-1 . CORNER PANEL ELEVATION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
2-2 . SIDE WALL PANEL SECTION SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
2-2 P5.0
2-1 . SIDE WALL PANEL ELEVATION
SCALE 1” = 1’-0”
91
The New Tilt-Up: A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Building
92
Stephen Chou
The New Tilt-Up: A Composite Tilt-Up Panel Industrial Building
Stephen Chou
93