STEVEN JOHN MOORE
The creative incubator
Deceleration
I Steven Moore hereby declare that the work in this BTech design thesis document is my own work and has not previously been submitted to another university or institution of higher education for a qualification.
Signature: Date: 15/11/2016
Contents:
001 - Project context ..8 002 - Project Mapping ..12 003 - Brief Design ..14 004 - Site Location ..16 005 - Precedent study ..18 006 - Site Exploration ..22 007 - Pragmatic Integration ..26 008 - Program Allocation ..28 009 - Program Realization ..32 010 - Concept Exploration ..34 011 - Building Resolution ..38
Fig 45 Mutualistic relationship 002 sketch
Project context and history:
Braamfontein today seems like it has been the same for generations. But the long history of braamfontein starts off as a farm in 1853 and then to a middle-class residential suburb in the 1890s to the 1930s. During the economic boom in 1930s and 1950s many business moved to braamfontein. This shift brought on the change and nature of the town. Large blocks of houses and old churches was demolished to make way for new commercial developments. Wits university was established in 1920. The expanding Johannesburg railway infrastructure that runs through braamfontein will increase the viability of the commerce and later become a striving business hub with supporting housing that will support the student s from WITS university.
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Fig 1. Braamfontein surrounds 1896
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UJ Auckland Park Campus
WITS main Campus
Braamfontein precinct
Doornfontein Campus UJ Bunting Rd Campus
Braamfontein Station
Park Station
Doornfontein Station Ellis Park Station
Jeppe Station
Fig 2. University context mapping
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The rapid expansion of braamfontein over the last decade morphed into one of the most iconic and vibrant social spaces in Johannesburg. As this commercial boom continues to grow many other tertiary institutions developed along this expansion.
Braamfontein remains the fourth-largest node for office space in the city of Johannesburg and is home to a number of South African-based multinational corporations as well as one of the country’s premier educational institutions, the University of the Witwatersrand.
The development of tertiary education in the surrounding context of braamfontein makes the streets come alive and the strong presence of students makes braamfontein feel youthful and creates the sense of endless possibility to the young graduates. In 2002 The Johannesburg development agency started a 13 million rand regeneration program., This was done due to the importance of braamfontein as an economic node. Up to date the JDA has spent 55 million renewing it as a business, entertainment and education hub. 4
Project mapping:
Following Braamfontein’s history of development into the present and the future the context of the site start playing a big role in the furthering of development and the vitality of the area. A commercial Island in such a densely populated area becomes unused and uncomfortable for people occupying the space. The integration for commercial and education creates a opportunity for a social dynamic to soften the environment and contribute to the regeneration of Braamfontein. Specific mapping was done to understand the spacial and contextual implications these factors will have on one-another and to the rest of the context of braamfontein. Main mapping topics: - PLACES OF EDUCATION. - PLACES OF COMMERCE. - SOCIAL VIBRANCE.
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300m
50m 100m
Fig 3. Places of higher education
Fig 4. Places of high commercial contribution
300m
Fig 5. Zones of current social vibrancy
300m
50m 100m
50m 100m
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Brief Design:
Statement: The conceptual context of this project will form the process to address the ongoing social issue of graduate youth unemployment in Johannesburg and more particulate in Braamfontein. This will be done by developing a space where graduates can be absorbed into the economic viable occupations.
Context framework: In the 21st century the digital age has exponentially grown and this growth has allowed the world to become a connected in all aspects. Faced with the growing number of youth unemployment in South Africa and the negative exponential effect it has on the economy. The digital age can start to address many of these social issues that we are facing today.
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The conceptual approach will attempt to guide the process of the creation of a space where student can integrate in a collaborative way with people from a field that has been already absorbed into the growing economy of Johannesburg. This will foster the relationships of a complex economic nature, and at the same time allow the new youth unemployed to be absorbed into the marketplace. The relationships does not have to be in the same field. This is one of the biggest problem that we are facing at the moment, is that you graduates are not educated in the exact field that the economy requires. Thus the integration of two opposite fields (economics and art) will form a new perspective of both these fields and create collaborative economic inclusion. This space will attempt to provide young graduates with the most opportune environment to find employment in the context of South Africa and more specifically in Johannesburg.
This relationship will be mutualistic. The employers in the space will befit from new fresh minds and the new perspectives on their fields, ability for new businesses to utilize the student to grow and expand in their businesses.
Fig 6. Mutualistic relationship sketch 8
Site location:
The location and the site was major influenced by two factors that was found in the initial creating of the project brief. These factors include student activity, vibrancy and the possibility for corporate players to have impromptu access to these graduates. In Braamfontein there is a major presence of students. Despite for the heavily populates student areas there are no integration between them and the active establishments that have the possibility to provide work after these students have graduated. This them guided the possibility to areas where these two factors have the strongest presence. Understanding the nature of what is required from the brief and the context of the site a more inform decision could be made of where the site could be. The chosen location is the best suitable site for the interaction between Students and the corporate world. The site allows for corporate access on the northern edge and more student integration on the west. 9
Fig 7. Site Location Urban mapping
Ja n ut s
sm
f
A m esh o
Fig 8. Site Location 1:2000 context
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Precedent Study:
41 Cooper Square
[cooper union]
I felt that it was important to locate the site before a precedent study could be done. If the precedent study was done not knowing the context of the site the project will lose depth because of the nature of the project and its strong relationship and responsiveness to its context. 41 Cooper Square, the new academic building for The Cooper Union, aspires to manifest the character, culture and vibrancy of both the 150 year-old institution and of the city in which it was founded. The institution remains committed to Peter Cooper’s radically optimistic intention to provide an education “as free as water and air” and has subsequently grown to become a renowned intellectual and cultural center for the City of New York. 41 Cooper Square aspires to reflect the institution’s stated goal to create an iconic building – one that reflects its values and aspirations as a center for advanced and innovative education in Art, Architecture and Engineering 11
Fig 9. Aerial view 41 Coooper square
The new faculty of the advancement of science was chosen because of the nature of how many different faculties was housed in a single building that was once hosted in separate buildings. The building was designed around the social heart (vertical plaza) of the building witch creates the impromptu meeting areas for all the different disciplines housed in the building. The manner in with the cooper union was designed from the inside out and keeping the conceptual framework in mind whilst developing all aspects of the building helped when marrying the concept and the pragmatics of my building. The nature of the vertical plaza should serve to not only create impromptu spaces but also serve to enhance the surrounding spaces. The cooper union strategically places the entrance to this atrium on the site edge that will have the most exposure to the public and urban intervention thus enhancing the community and activity of the internal vertical plaza.
Fig 10. 41 Cooper square Atrium BIM visualization
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One of the flaws that needs to be address in the cooper union’s vertical plaza is that the termination of the plaza within the building is disconnected from the conceptual framework. Once in the atrium the users feel isolated from the formalized spaces and are confined only to the control space of the building. This will be address by creating multiple exits for public uses on different floor that can create more transparencies between programs and users. The concept of 41 cooper square is well implemented but could be taken even further if incorporated into the pragmatic thinking of how the concept of the vertical plaza could inform how the building could sustainable perform and responds to its context.
Fig 11. Diagram of skip-stop lift system
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Site exploration:
Now that there is an understanding of what the vertical plaza should be and how it could be implemented this understanding can start formulation how to respond to the context of the site and how this could positive enhance the conceptual drivers. The nature of the urban fabric surrounding the site creates an interesting dynamic when looking the plot edges and how they relate to one another. The following factors will inform the pragmatic responses to the site keeping in mind the nature of the concept on the ground level will have the biggest impact on the building. The north edge spills out to a pedestrian friendly street edge. The roads tempo is slow and this could possibly allow for retail spill out without the intruding on the users experience and the comfort of the space.
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The slow pace of the northern edge and the close proximity to the road will house the entrance to the public basement parking. The entrance will be situated on the eastern most edge of the northern edge to allow the pedestrian to wrap around the north and west edges uninterrupted. The western edge creates the biggest opportunity for successful urban and social integration. The existing western edge has a public buffer space that separates the busy Jan-smuts road to the site. This creating of a public real could serve as the main access edge to the ground floor and possibly the vertical plaza that will connect all the spaces within the vertical programming. The Southern edge shares a 7,5m wide service road with the neighboring building. This edge will be dead to the social vibrancy from the north and west. This allows for the perfect
Opportunity to create access to all the servicing and goods delivery. Venting for the basement can also be one along this edge hence no interference to the public or intrusion on the activation of the pedestrian edges. The Eastern edge of the site is shared by neighboring building. This creates a dead edge and possibility of overshadowing.
refuce access
basement vent
main social edge
public intergration
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sewerage point
public transport
water supply
basement parking ent.
l,t box
fire mains
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Fig 12. Site analysis [opportunities] 16
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Solar / Climatic analysis:
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A general climate study was done to understand some of the influencing factors that will contribute the sustainability of the project. Topics that were explored in the climate analysis include:
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• Natural daylighting – based on hours that could be used. • Cloud sky coverage. • Wind speed and direction
Comfort 19.2% Internal heat gain 48.4% High mass solar gain 27% Thermal mass 5%
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Once the site was fixed the unpacking of the environmental opportunities of the specific site could be unpacked.
Fig 13. Comfort diagram
RECORDED HIGH -
MEAN -
The climatic considerations that was explored will allow the conceptual topic to integrate with the pragmatic approach on how to assemble a complex working building. Areas and how these area could possibly be addressed. (These strategies would be explained the following chapter).
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DESIGN HIGH AVERAGE HIGH -
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AVERAGE LOW DESIGN LOW -
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RECORDED LOW COMFORT ZONE
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SUMMER WINTER (At 50% Relative Humidity)
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Fig 14. Diurnal swing [Temp]
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HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAMS OF MOISTURE PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
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With the site sharing the eastern edge with a neighboring 7 story building a lot of the early morning sun will not be able to be utilized. A tall 15 story building on the south creates a lot of diffuse light for the southern edge of the site. The western edge is open to the public realm and will stand to be the major urban integration area for the building. The northern edge is fully exposed to northern light. Only with small trees opposite the road and will not contribute to any unwanted shadowing. A windy study was done to understand the nature and the direction of where the winter and summer winds will come from. The majority of the wind will be coming from the NNW corner of the site. This will allow the building to have sufficient evaporative cooling systems integrated into the urban west edge of the site.
Fig 15. Macro solar study [spring, autumn, winter, summer]
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Pragmatic integration:
Understanding how the concept will inform the space on the ground floor this needed to be translated into verticality of the building. Sections are then developed to understand how the conceptual approach can start to form different pragmatic strategies within the building. The wind and air concept sections are developed to optimize the location and nature of the vertical connector (vertical plaza). The factors that were considered developing these were the following. • • • • • •
Site edge nature. Context buildings. Wind directions. Solar orientation. Solar access. Hot and cold zones.
All these elements were interrogated with the concept in mind the development made for the site to respond to the concept and the pragmatic implementations.
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The pragmatic and conceptual framework achieved by these sections made it clear of how the central vertical plaza can and should perform in its context. The completed light and air sections will be used as a tool to reference different element to when continuing in the design development.
LIGHTI NG SECTION cold air - overshadowed
evap orative cooling
atru im light well
sout hern light well
evap orative cooling
evap orative cooling
slanted north
sout hern light well
tree shading
n.n.e wind
ventelation AIR SECTION
Fig 16. Light and Air study [North South section]
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premote negative pressure
chimney top-heated
louver system
min building depth
Program allocation:
An initial program outline was done when the project was started. These numbers have since been fine tunes to respond better to the brief and the conceptual framework the project has situated itself in. The program requirements are a hybrid between education, corporate and circulation. Most of the programs make use of open spaces that can respond to the concept (Vertical Plaza) and can easily be integrated to a network of spaces. There are some components that serve as an auxiliary program to what was found as part of the concept-program. These paces will integrate in the space but not necessarily the conceptual Vertical-Plaza. Since there is a very clear understanding of the nature of the concept in plan and section, a very systematic way was used to program the requirements for all the spaces.
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DESCRI PTI ON
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Green space Health and Fitness Residentual Webinar space Interaction space Open office Digital libraries Online lecture space Local lecture space Public lecture & Auditorium Open studios Tech application Digital libraries Libraries Hardware Research Retail Food Urban Intergration Refuse access
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Fig 17. Detailed program requirements A excel sheet was set up to outline all the different requirements for each of the programs and then within all of this requirement a rating per program was mode. This started to show trends of what the spaces need in relation the vertical plaza.
All the program was then placed within the vertical plaza as per the sections created as reference. Understanding the nature of these sections the program can be allocated in to its optimal positions all of these allocation were made in strict accordance to the excel sheet.
Residentual Webinar space Health and Fitness Hardware Research Open office Libraries Open studio Local lecture space Green space Digital libraries Tech application Public lecture & Auditorium Online lecture space
Once the program placement was done colors were assigned in accordance to program that is more public and more private. The more public program will in essence form part of the vertical plaza and thus crate part of the primary concept integration. Connection of the spaces were made to start looking at how these space could be articulated. The program secondary to the public spaces was then interrogated to have better relationship towards the other programs. Programs were then shifted to all for better collaborative and efficient relationships. These programs will have secondary connections that will form more private impromptu meeting spaces for the occupancies of the building.
north south section
Interaction space Food - RETAIL Refuse access basement access Residentual Webinar space Health and Fitness Hardware Research
north south section
Open office Open studio Green space Tech application Online lecture space Interaction space
Residentual
basement access
Food - RETAIL
Libraries Local lecture space Digital libraries Public lecture & Auditorium
Refuse access
Health and Fitness Webinar space Green space Open office Open studio Green space Tech application Online lecture space
basement access
Hardware Research Libraries Local lecture space Digital libraries Public lecture & Auditorium
Interaction space Food - RETAIL
Refuse access
Fig 18. Conceptual program placement 22
At this point the program development has not yet interrogated the size (sqm) of each of the set out programs.
Residential
Open studios
Each of the programs was then set out as a percentile of the total floor area required. These percentiles are going to be modified throughout the process to fill into the framework set out in the brief. For the easiest way to visualize how these program sizes are going to differ, a bar graph was made of the percentile.
Libraries Green space Tech application Online lecture space Interaction space
Digital libraries Public lecture & Auditorium
Retail
Refuse access
north south section
Residentual Health and Fitness Webinar space Green space
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Local lecture space
Food
This shows how much relative area each of these spaces are going to require. This was not an indication of the physical amount but rather how much the programs should relatively be change to fit into the original program outline. Up until this point only one sections has been analyzed with program allocation. To enrich the outcome of this process all the above mentioned steps were done for the cross sections and correlated that each program meets up perfectly with both cross sections.
Webinar space Health and Fitness Hardware Research
Open office
Open office Open studio Green space Tech application Online lecture space Interaction space
Food - RETAIL
Hardware Research Libraries Local lecture space Digital libraries
Public lecture & Auditorium
basement access
Fig 19. Conceptual program placement [Areas]
north south section
Residentual Health and Fitness
Webinar space Green space
Open office Open studio Green space Tech application Online lecture space Interaction space
Food - RETAIL
Hardware Research Libraries
Local lecture space Digital libraries
east west section
Residentual Health and Fitness
Webinar space Hardware Research Open studio
Local lecture space Digital libraries
Green space
Open office Libraries Green space
Tech application
Public lecture & Auditorium
basement access
Public lecture & Auditorium basement access
Online lecture space Interaction space
Food - RETAIL
Fig 20. Conceptual program placement [cross section]
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Program realization:
Sections created to this pint have been very diagrammatic and has aided in the understanding of how the program of the brief is going to marry the conceptual approach of the vertical plaza. Understanding that the above crated sections are only two instances where the program and concept integration would perform at its optimal best. These need to translate into a special arrangement to form and deal with all the other complexities in three dimensional space. The two sections were then set up in cross section and extruded. The extruded form did not relate to any outcome until the negative of the forms were to be cut away and only the intersecting spaces were left. The 3D form that came out of this process started suggesting how the 3d program organization could arrange itself around the vertical plaza.
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Fig 21. Extruded diagram form
This process help to initiate the program organization. To ensure that the concept isn’t lost the same process was done for the primary and the secondary circulations spaces. The relationship between these spaces and the general concept of a vertical plaza creates valuable forms that could be explored. These forms relate to the concept and circulation combines the isolated circulation space and then the void of the circulation on the concept.
Fig 22. Circulation study [Primary,secondary, tertiary] 26
Concept exploration:
All the above mentioned process has been extremely calculated and informed by the data found that was required by the brief and the site explorations. Although the concept has been interrogated and included in all the steps so far the conceptual impact has not yet become clear. A conceptual experiment was done to explore the erratic nature of how a new habitat can form naturally. The fracture series was done to understand the forces that was needed and how these forces work. This process of fracturing can be understood as how positive and negative pressures react within a enclosed space. Reference montages was developed to be used in the design process and to be able to understand the fracture series easily. {Images to follow Fig 26,27}
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Fig 23. Fracture experiment [top view]
These positive and negative pressures can then be assigned to spaces within a building. Positive values were assigned to public spaces and negative values to private spaces. This approach was combines with the initial conceptual section program layouts. In plan each floor was then allocated a fracture that responds directly to the nature of the program and the requirements that was established in the program requirements table. Once the fracture was completed in plan a 3D form could be created from the specific responses to each floor. Subtraction and addition was then made to the created form following the sectional requirement of the conceptual program placement. A lot of attention was payed to address more public / impromptu areas over dedicated spaces.
Fig 24. Fracture per floor allocation
Fig 25. Fracture form development 28
Fig 25. Fracture experiment [top view]
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Fig 26. Fracture experiment [top view]
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Building resolution:
Structure: The conceptual structure concept came in when the internal atrium /vertical plaza was formed. The nature of this space should be uninterrupted by structure and should become a feature to all the occupancies that form around the atrium. To understand what the nature of the structure will be a conceptual structure model was made to understand the materials and the location of where these materials will be able to fit into the building. The Vertical plaza is essentially pulled open from either sides of the building.
Fig 27. Structure concept model
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The model found three main pieces of structure that will have to be considerer. A tension like structure A gravitational compression structure And a lateral compression structure. The structural Solutions will then be a hybrid system with steel beams and columns that will form the basic grid structure. And a concrete ring beam system that will tie the two halves of the crack together. This concrete beam will also tie into the sear walls to create maximum lateral support.
Fig 28. Structure concept model [top view]
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The steel framed structure placed on the edges of the building where no cantilevers or transfers structures are required. Allowing these members to be tied back into the structure it will able to support the cantilever within the atrium.
1 A118
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The grid system for the basement is a 7500mm x 6500 grid, this works well for the basement but not for the building above.
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UP
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The grid thus changes to the top of the building rather responding to the opening that has been formed.
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A radial grid runs along the cracked opening allowing the structure to integrate with the crack with minimal cantilevers or transfer structures in habitable space.
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lvl - 04 1 : 100
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Fig 35. Radial grid floor plan
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Fig 36. Structural model primary/secondary system
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Facade development:
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B-C
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1 A120
Because so much attention was payed in the initial program allocation within the building facades can be treated as a single system to optimize the cost and performance of the building. This could only have been done by grouping programs that have similar passive requirements.
lvl - 14 58500
lvl - 13 54500
lvl - 12 50500
lvl - 11 46500
lvl - 10 42500
lvl - 09 38500
The internal complexities of the building can be seen as a large light well. The spaces focused in close proximity to the atrium will have excessive lighting that could essentially create discomfort due to glare.
lvl - 08 34500
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lvl - 06 26500
lvl - 05 22500
lvl - 04 18500
Special focus was given to the roof of the atrium to able to control the amount of light that will be allowed in to the space. A light sensitive dynamic louver system will be used to automatically control the light distribution to optimize the internal environment.
lvl - 03 14500
lvl - 02 10500
lvl - 01 6500
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lvl B - 02 -6600
1 A120
Section - A:118
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Fig 28. Section vent and heating �������
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de ast feca - Ele glazed e d b a u Feckinn, Do
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ade inn, S Fecouble sk
-re Sing sp le g on la siv ze el db ou es ve po r { ke lig sy ht ste sen m set ive }
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-D inc oub l le -D - ud g ou hori ing laze ble zo op d u ski ntal age niti sh spa sed -D n g ad n sy i d -R oub lass .C le an ng o rel p stem v sh gla d p ea ze er erha anel r w d fo n al stic rate g {c k s d a irc ys lu ula tem mi n tio uim n}
P TOd fecade e rium glaz A e l - ing
Fig 29. Exploded axo of facade construction and performance
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Fig 30. Detailed axo {south facade} Double skin vented facade: SOUTH FACADE - - - -
Double glazed unitized system Including opage spandrel panels Space frame Mentis grating Double skin unitized system
The southern facade will also be part of a heating strategy. Because the residential on the south edge of the building will require a lot of heat the heat that will be produce within the commercial space will be vented up the wall stack through a heat recovery system and into a radiant floor system.
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Fig 31. Detailed axo {north west facade} Triple skin vented: WESTERN FACADE - - - - - - - -
Double glazed unitized system North west facing louvers Double glazed unitized system including opage spandrels panel Double skin glass and perforated aluminum Double glazed stick system R.C shear wall {circulation} Open edges for greenery to precondition north west wind into the building. Horizontal shading louvers
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Ground floor: When the cracking experiment was done a large amount of space was opened on the ground floor level. This is a direct response the exciting context of the site. The western edge will become the most social interactive zone hence the large opening to draw the public into and up the building. The northern edge will also have a entrance due to the large commercial presence from all the corporate influences along ameshof. The ground floor becomes an extension of the building on the first and second floor. Extending the ground floor public space into the building will allow for more impromptu meeting and increase the social vitality in and around the site.
Fig 32. Ground floor urban context
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Context - Site Plan > Jan Smuts & Ameshof 1 : 200
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Fig 33. All elevation
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Elevation - NORTH
Elevation - WEST
1 : 100
1 : 100
Elevation - EAST
Elevation - SOUTH
1 : 100
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A COLLABORAT I VE I NCU BATOR
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Co-wo r k i ng a s e d u c at io n {v iew f r o m ja n smu t s}
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Fig 34. South west street view 43
42500
EDUCAT ION
[M U T UA LIST I C]
ECONOM IC
38500
a n ew hy b r id b u si n e s s [n o r t h s ou t h s e ct io na l p er s p e ct i ve]
34500
30500
26500
22500
18500
14500
10500
6500
0
-3600
-6600
Fig 35. North west view 44
Fig 35. Ground floor atrium
45
Fig 36. 5th floor atrium
46
Conclusion:
In the past months it has come to light that the student of South Africa are in desperate need to be heard. The governments are no longer reliable to make drastic changes and thus it is up to the students themselves and private entities to make a difference. A socio-economic incubator will jump start the process to a striving economic environment for student ,young professionals and established commercial practices to work together to address social issues in South Africa and develop new and inspiring businesses.
47
48