m2 by student095

Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Jinhao Lu

(988085) Jun Han Foong Studio 6

Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age

Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)

The three fundamental types of fabrication techniques are subtractive, additive and formative. Subtractive involves the removal of material from the solid or volume, the additive is the incremental formation of volumetric silhouette from layers which can be cured by light, heat, and chemical. Formative fabrication involves deformation and reshaping material by utilise the application of mechanical forces, heat or steam. Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication can bring accuracy and efficiency while producing parametric models, in terms of both geometry and measurements. Furthermore, the axis movement technology can restrict CNC fabrication.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation

This part of the script is used to set a 150X150 x150 boundary box which can liminate the surface sit in the box through interating.

‘Loft’ script is used to transform the lines into the final surfaces.

Points and lines in the boundry box

‘Divide curve’ and ‘list item’ are used to divide the edge of the cube and define the points. The points is then connected through ‘line’ and become the edge of the surfaces.

View capture of script of developing surface and panels. Two surfaces developed form the linesvv

‘Surface domain number’ is used to divide the surface into a 5x5 grid

‘Offset grid’ is used for buillding the 3d panels in later stage Out come from ‘Morph 3d’ Developed panels on surfaces ‘Point attraction’ can give the grids more control

Basic unit and boundry box are set in these two ‘breps’ to build panels through ‘Morph 3d’. Different types of basic panel unit can be set to increase the variability.

Script of one basic panel unit ‘Region difference’ is used to create hollowed surface.

Outcome from the script and a baked panel unit

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation

‘Contour’ can develop the base lines for the fins from the sufaces

Verticle fins are built through ‘loft’

Horizontal fins are built through ‘Join curves’

‘XZ plane’ is created on the intersection point of fins. Rectegle generater is built through ‘extrude’ and ‘cap holes’

The intersection is trimed by the generater to make the structure developble

Isometric View

Scale 1: 2 @ A4 0cm

1cm

3cm

The panels are seven variations of the square pyramid and triangle pyramid. 4 attraction points stretch the panels into different directions a creating varying height. The opening areas are increased from the bottom to the top follow the diagonal which allows more light to coming from the top. 3D panels are placed at the bottom while 2D panels are placed at the top to move the center of gravity lower.

The waffle structure was constructed with 18 vertical fins and 9 horizontal fins which forms a 10x10 grid. This means that each panel will sit on 4 grids and it allows light to come through the 4 openings of the pyramid.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting

The panels need to be unrolled to put in the laser cut file. The problem with unrolling is there is always overlapping lines. As a result, I need to rotate come off the lines or disassemble it. I used offset lines to add the tabs where needed rather than automatically because there are some small gaps does not need tabs. In order to keep the ivory card intact, no tapes can be used. As a result, some of the lines are put in the etch layer. I was initially to hide the etch lines inside but it was too hard to fold. So I flipped the panels for the other surface and keep the etch outside the panels. I had two iterations of some pieces of the waffle element: one is trimmed on the edge one is not. This is because I want to test which one looks better and I chose the none trimmed one finally.

Diagonal pyramids are used in the back surface to bring complexity. It is also combined with triangular 2D panels.

Flat pyramids are placed at the top as 2D panels with perforation can create a sense of lightness and transparency.

Diagonal pyramids are used in the back surface to bring complexity. It is also combined with triangular 2D panels. The number of perforation on the 2d panels is increased

The perforation of the pyramids is increased gradually follow the diagonal of the surface which can create a sense of coherence.

The back surface shares the same strategy with the front which is solid at bot and lightness at the top to keep a coherent style

Waffle structure is built with verticle and horizontal fins which is stable to carry ornaments on the outside. It also has a high transperency to allow light come to the interior. The slop of the exterior sufaces have a potential to create shreshold.

Scale 1: 2 @ A4 0cm

1cm

3cm

Basic pyramids at the bottom bring a sense of mass and solid

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities

Lofts

1.1

1.2 {1,75,150}

{1,30,150}

1.3

{2,150,30}

1.4

Key

{0,0,90}

{0,0,0} {47,150,0}

Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves

{80,0,150}

Grid Points

{6,150,30} {0,150,75}

{1,120,0}

{150,15,0}

{151,135,0} {100,0,0} {62,0,0}

{50,0,0}

{77,0,0}

{150,135,0}

Paneling Grid & Attractor Point

{Index Selection}

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

{-44,-38,119} {90,72,227}

{37,-75,21} {10,-28,30}

{-74,123,-25} {165,-83,28} {8,155,31} {58,199,15}

{227,206,-16}

Paneling

{Attractor Point Location}

{Index Selection}

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Paneling

3.1

3.2

3.3

more 3D at the bottom. This decision makes the surface looks balance and lower the center of weight. More openings are set at the top and fewer openings at the bottom to allow the light to come through a higher level. The fourth row shows another view of the surface.

3.4

As shown left, the far right version in the matrix is chosen to develop in the next stage. For the 1st row, it was an intuitive process while designing the surface. I chose 1.4 as it shows a conversation between the two surfaces. I tested different numbers and location of attraction points. As shown in 2.4 I chose to put 3 attraction points around 3 corners of one surface as it can give the ability to control the panelsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; direction. On the other surface, I put one point in the middle to form the panels toward the center. In the third row, I tried different types of pyramids with both 2D and 3D. In 3.4, I combined 7 types together. The panels are set from dense to disperse,

The pattern of the shdow created by the panels is looks interesting. When the lighs source is on the top, two clear shade patterns are created on both side. Light is divided into little pieces and come through the openings to in interior space while the light source moves to the side.

The two facades give the contrast of visual effect: one is narrow and one is spacious. It can create a strong sense of direction as well as defining a path.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model

The scale of the object can be determined as a micro infrastructure. The waffle structure can be used as large stair.

A larger scale can be determined, the obeject can be defined as a pavillion. The slant surface offers a large shading area. The large interior spafce can become a space for people gathering.

Visual Scripting of Parametric Model

‘Domain box’ and ‘deconstruct brep’ are used to set a 150x150x150 boundry box

Attraction points are added to control the grid points

‘Cellulate 3D grid’ is used to divide the box to small sections which are connected by the points

Command ‘bounds’ can create numeric domain which encompasses a list of numbers

Different type of shapes can be chosen ‘Surface domain

The grid point are set as

number’ is used to create the original grid of 3x3

centroid by ‘volume’ and controlled by attraction points

‘Move’ comand is used to duplicate the original grid to a 3x3x3 point grid

‘Construct domain’ is used to control the size of each volume.

SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation

The outcome of the grid controlled by the attraction points. This stage shows how the cube is divided into sections

The grid points are set as centroids and rearranged by another attraction point

Cylinders are created from the centroids and used for boolean calculation in later stage

For the final iteration, I utilized cylinders as the boolean objects which divide the cube into several regions with different hight. There are two large openings that enable the viewer to see right through. The model can be imagined at different scales, a pavilion or a high rise building with an overhang. The interior space allows circulation and the shelter at the top also create threshold. The small surfaces created by cylinders at different levels increase the affordance of the model.

Scale 1: 1 @ A4 0cm

1cm

3cm

SOLID AND VOID Isometric view

Scale 1: 2 @ A4 0cm

1cm

3cm

Two sections of the 150x150x150 volume are shown above. A cylinder is used as the basic object in boolean difference. As shown in the picture, the Cylinder can create a round plane with different height and the intersection between cylinders can divide space into multiple areas. Moreover, space can be used more efficient within a cylinder volume. As a result, it has a large potential to develop for architectural use.

Grid

1.1

1.2

1.3

Key

1.4

{0,0,0}

Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves Grid Points

Attractor Point

{Grid}

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

{115,-92,83} {298,248,99} {274,194,42}

{115,-92,0}

{-113,-29,162}

{-56,-80,0} {123,215,0}

{270,248,0}

{61,78,84} {-108,78,0} {-108,78,0}

{-120,-27,-26}

{-108,78,-121}

Shape Boolean Section

{Attractor Point Location}

{Index Selection}

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

{Shapes}

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

{Boolean}

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

{Section}

{71,61,83} {75,49,58}

As shown left, the development path from 1.2 to 5.2 is chosen as the final design. The first row shows the grid in the cube and the second row shows the attraction points and the grid points. Attraction points are tested in both inside and outside the cubes. It can be found that the attraction points outside the cube can control the density and location of the volumes easier. 2.2 is chosen as the point under the cube can control the height of each volume. In the third row, four different objects are tested, sphere, cylinder, cone, and icosahedron. The cylinder is finally chosen as it can create around plane with different height and the intersection between cylinders can divide space into multiple areas. Moreover, space can be used more efficiently in cylinder rather than cones or spheres. For the final section, I test the cube with different height to make sure the small surfaces on the exterior are set on human scale.

SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities

A small shelter is booleaned on the exterior

This opening is booleaned at the 1/4 height of the geometry which create a low area for people to rest. The opening also allows light to come through.

The exterior is booleaned to different hight which can be used in various ways such as sittingďź&#x152; leaning on or putting stuff on

The interior is booleaned by a large cylinder which create area for people gathering and circulation.

Here is only one threshold entrance in this geometry which can create a private space inside. Scale 2:1 @ A4 0cm

0.5cm

1.5cm

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

SOLID AND VOID

Photography of Model

The final 3D printing object can be determined at scale of small pavilion or a high rise building. For the pavilion scale, lots of small surfaces in different height can offer a space for people sitting. For the high rise building scale, there is large plaza in the middle where can occur people circulation.

Appendix Process

Appendix

Process