an encounter of light Chelsea Young a1741651
PLACE IDEA
DOCUMENT MATERIALITY AND TEXTURES OF FORM/SPACES TO SCALE 2D AND 3D DETAILING LIGHT AND TEXTURE VISUAL EXPERIENCES ATMOSPHERE LIGHT STUDY 4: FILTERATION
PART 1:
FORM
26
MATERIAL
18
DOCUMENT FORM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLACE MAKING PLANS/SECTIONS/ELEVATIONS 3D MODELING VIEWS AND SPACIAL QUALITY LIGHT STUDY 3: REFLECTION
PART 2:
12
DOCUMENT PROCESS OF IDEA GENERATION METAPHOR AND DIAGRAMMING CONCEPT ANALYSIS PRECEDENTS VISUAL REFERENCES LIGHT STUDY 2: REFLECTION
PART 3:
04
DOCUMENT SITE DESCRIPTION CIRCULATION AND HUMAN USAGE MEASUREMENT,SCALE AND PROPORTIONAL STUDY LIGHT AND SHADE STUDY KEY SITE FEATURES SITE HISTORY AND IDENTITY LIGHT STUDY 1: LUMINOSITY
PART 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4-5
PART 1: MATHS LAWS: NIGHT
MATHS LAWS: DAY
PLACE
EAST AERIAL
SOUTH WEST AERIAL
EAST VIEW
NORTH EAST VIEW
LIGHT AND SHADE
6-7
SUMMER 9AM
SUMMER 12PM
SUMMER 3PM
WINTER 12PM
WINTER 9AM
23
NORTH WEST ELEVATION
30
WINTER 3PM
MEASUREMENT AND SCALE STUDY
142
SOUTH EAST ELEVATION
8-9
SITE HISTORY AND USAGE BARR SMITH BEFORE
BARR SMITH NOW
BARR SMITH BEFORE
BARR SMITH NOW
ACCESSABILITY & CIRCULATION
ACCESS CIRCULATION
10-11
LUMINOSITY.
AN ARCHITECTURAL STUDY OF LIGHT: SEEN THROUGH THE WORK OF
ZAHA HADID
Luminosity can be seen throughout so many architectural projects these days. However, it may have been some of Zaha Hadid’s works that helped the architectural world geWt to where they are today when it comes the element of luminosity and light and the integration of it in mainstream buildings. Below is a few of Hadid’s projects and how she used luminosity as an addition to enhance her designs and by looking at the individual projects one by one, one can really see her progress into the world of light. “Luminous lines… characterize her early work, whereas luminous fields and a play of brilliance emerged later.”
The first project being looked at is her use of light within the Vitra Fire Station built in Weilam Rhein, 1993. The building which contains unparallel lines made with in-situ concrete is broken up by the luminosity of light, which is integrated within ceiling walls and floors. The use of such lighting reinforces the linearity of the sharp edges of the architecture. While “the edges of the interior luminaires echo the sharp concrete lines, the soft, diffuse inside and outside illumination in a way counteracts the energy of the building’s forms.” It would typically be seen in Hadid’s work she would play with luminosity with the ex-
terior of the architecture. However, in the MAXXI or known as the Museum of XXI Century Arts built in Rome, 2009, light is designed with exclusively in the interior. Creating a feeling of harmony between the different elements of “fluid forms, daylight and lighting”. A luminous underside to a black staircase produces contrasting forms. The diffusion of light flowing throughout the project “builds a calm counterpoint to the dynamic lines and the black and white material contrast.” Therefore, luminosity is a bit part of architecture as it not only reinforces the architects designs but can create different emotions.3
MAXXI Museum Rome / Italy
TRANSPARENCY TRANSLUCENCY
Guangzhou Opera House, Guangzhou / China
Hoenheim-Nord Terminus Strasbourg / France
Philosophical Meaning.
When speaking in a philosophical sense, Luminosity is most frequently used in the context of Buddhism. Where in the English language it is used when speaking of radiant or clear light, specifically coming from the area of East-Asian Buddhism the term luminosity would be used when referring to something pure. Different regions give different meaning to the word, such as the fact that “within such philosophical systems as Yogācāra and Madhyamaka”, the word luminosity is in correlation with “emptiness, ultimate reality, and the illumination… of the mind”. Differently, Early Buddhist traditions would use the term to talk of impurities, with the idea that stains of the mind can “potentially be completely and permanently removed”. This process therefore allows for enlightenment. “Tantric teachings tend to emphasize the direct realization or experience of luminosity as itself a means for enlightenment”. Whereas in Mahāyāna literature, focus is given to the default state of the mind being “inherently pure”.5
Vitra Fire Station Rhein / Germany
linguistic definition.
There are many definitions for the word luminosity, however, they more or less hold the same meaning. According to Cambridge dictionary it is “the state of producing or reflecting bright light”, the appearance of shine. Other definitions are related to physics with the measurement of brightness or radiation. 4 Part 1 References 1. State Library of South Australia. “Barr Smith Library.” State Library of South Australia, July 11, 2005. https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B 6139. 2. Picsarr. “Uofaspecialcollections.” N/A. https://picssr.com/photos/uofaspecialcollections/interesting/page3?nsid=134676602@N04 3. “Fluid Luminosity: The Architectural Lighting of Zaha Hadid.” ArchDaily, March 31, 2017. https://www.archdaily.com/868157/fluid-luminosity-the-architectural-lighting-of-zaha-hadid/. 4. “LUMINOSITY: Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary.” Cambridge Dictionary. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/luminosity. 5. “Luminosity.” Oxfordbibliogrpahies, May 26, 2016. https://doi. org/10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0219.
12-13
PART 2:
IDEA
SEEK LIGHT IS A...
JOURNEY
FINAL CONCEPT ON
TI
EP
C RE
EX H SPA IBITI CE ON
E / G PAC N I S AD RY RE RA LIB
SE RO MIN O AR M
SEMINAR ROOM EXHIBITION SPACE
SEMINAR ROOM
N
TIO
P CE
RE
SEMINAR ROOM
RE A LIB DIN RA G/ RY SPA
CE
RE
C
T EP
I
ON
EX H SPA IBITI CE ON
READING/ LIBRARY SPACE
SE RO MIN O AR M
AR IN M SE OM RO
BA
TH
RO
O
EX SP HIB AC ITIO E N
M
RECEPTION/ BATHROOM
SEMINAR ROOM READING/ LIBRARY SPACE
CIRCULATION PROGRAMMING
14-15
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT toilets
reception area
small library
seminar rooms
exhibition space
reading space
ENT
LIGHT PRECEDENCE The inspiration for the design of my proposal for the Maths Lawns was by the architectural firm BIG or Bjarke Ingles Group. the TIRPITZ muesum is has very unique and sharp angles which are highlighted thought the use of lighting and glass. Not only does it use very dramatic angles but also incorporates the landscape around it to look almost seamless, the surrounding terrrain almost disguises or hides the design which would make the viewer want to go in further. I felt that said angles and the intergration of the ground plane create for quite a stiking design and would be perfect for the design of the maths lawns as it would not interfere as much with the view of the Barr Smith Library.
16-17
REFLECTION.
Veiled in Brilliance:
How Reflective Facades Have Changed Modern Architecture
Reflection in an architectural sense would be the use of a certain material which holds the property of a reflective surface. The use of reflective materials such as glass rose in the architectural movement of modernism, though, even people in the modernist movement were aware of the unexciting feelings that of a large glass façade would provide. However, since said movement, hundreds of architectural façade designs have emerged with “uniform structural glazing skyscrapers” and this has made for a dull urban life. Not accepting this drab fate, many architects have
decided against the boring facades and now “unconventional reinterpretations… have gained interest.” This is followed by the belief that with the use and combination of light in astounding architectural designs can create something iconic, therefore creating a “better human world” A perfect example of this change in the glass façade is the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg by Herzog & de Meuron. Using inversely curved glass panels to alter the city’s skyline in the reflection of the façade. the bends in the balconies allow for the building to reflect “points or lines of
brilliant light streaks”. In sunlight, the façade has a highly glossy and bright effect, along with the perpendicular curves “of numerous single glass elements” further highlights and reinforced the distorted and manipulated city within the reflection. The building with its “printed dot screens evokes a vivid and liquid image, which expresses a close link to the water around”, to make for an overall eye-catching piece of architecture. Therefore, reflection is a vital part of architecture not only with a rich history, but a creative outlet for architects to break the boundaries of the designs.1
Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg
IRIDESCENCE REFRACTION
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Prada Aoyama Tokyo
Philosophical Meaning.
The term reflection when thinking philosophically, refers to thought or self-reflection. The act of looking to oneself to stop, think and weigh possible outcomes, to think back to past events etc. Reflection, in nature is always an “active process”, for example, how animals adapt to their surroundings such as their dislike for certain plants or organisms or even just their environment. This then leads to what is the “outcome of a long process of adaption by the species”, choosing against said organisms through the process of reflection on past events. Reflection, as the association of ”mental images with the material world which is the source of [said] images, is the basis of the materialist approach to understanding.” The act of reflection is mutual active contact of “every particle in the universe, which other could be said to constitute the “materiality” of the world.”3
Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg
linguistic definition.
There are again, many uses for the word reflection. In the most commonly used, it means the image that appears back in a reflective surface such as a mirror. Other definitions can be used in conjunction with thought, i.e. to reflect back on past events or oneself. 2 Part 2 References 1. Schielke, Thomas. “Veiled in Brilliance: How Reflective Facades Have Changed Modern Architecture.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, October 12, 2016. https://www.archdaily.com/796974/veiled-in-brilliancehow-reflective-facades-have-changed-modern-architecture. 2. “REFLECTION: Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary.” Cambridge Dictionary. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/reflection. 3. Blunden, Andy. “IV The Meaning of ‘Reflection.’” The Meaning of ‘Reflection’. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://www.marxists.org/ reference/archive/hegel/help/mean04.htm.
18-19
PART III:
FORM
DESIGN VARIATION NO.1 DESIGN VARIATION NO.2
DESIGN VARIATION NO.3
FINAL DESIGN
SPACES IN THE MODEL 2
3
4 5
1 1. Main Reception Area
6
2. Seminar Room 1 3. Seminar Room 2
7
4. Storage Space
8
5. Storage Space 6. MENS BATHROOM
9
7. WOMANS BATHROOM 8. STUDY AREA/ SMALL LIBRARY 9. EXHIBITION SPACE/RELAXATION AREA
LOW
USAGE
HIGH
20-21
SECTION CUT
ELEVATION
DRAWINGS
SITE PLAN
ABOVE GROUND LEVEL
SITE PLAN
BELOW GROUND LEVEL
22-23
SPACIAL QUALITY
LIGHT SHADE ROOF
GLASS
each of the external room which sit above the ground level are surrounded by glass as to allow to the most amount of light in as possible.
The light shades act as roofs for both the library and study area as well as the exhibition space. in the internal spaces, the horizontal slits will allow for both sunlight and moon light will allow for natural light into the rooms. Externally they will act as a place to sit or climb up ontop of.
GROUND LEVELS
The main area of the space is underground. This therefore allows for the design to not obstruct the point of view of the viewer to the barr smith library or any of the other buildings. therefore not overwhelming.
EXPLODED TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
24-25
Light Matters:
Whiteness in Nordic Countries
OPACITY.
An important role in the use of different lighting techniques in architecture is the seasons, with little light in the winter and an abundance in summer. Scandinavian countries have found a way for their architecture to work with the elements instead of against it, utilising white surfaces to make the most of the small amount of light that will enter on a winter day. In the northern regions of Scandinavia, the low sun makes for longer shadows, meaning that light is more likely to come from the wall instead of the ceilings. Whereas in summer, evenings can radiate a diffusion of light. The idea of diffusion through the use of the colour white for almost every element within the
building came for a guy called Alvar Aalto as he was designing “for the Paimio Sanatorium in the 1930s”. Even though the Nordic architecture is known for a staggering amount of “pure white volumes”, the integration of nature with amazing light patterns and short lived but well admired shadows from the Scandinavian light “belong to the distinctive Nordic light approach as well.” Light can also be played along with the element of time, this can especially be seen through religious buildings. There are many ways in which this is done, whether it is through “material textures or specific glass features and built volumes that change the image during the course of the day and season.”
Many techniques can be applied for the desired affect with light on the congregation, such as designing for light patterns to appear for only the morning or to get the last light of the day for a noon service, or to perhaps subdued and diffused light for enforce the idea of reflections and contemplation. A good example of this is the “Pirkkala Church by Käpy and Simo Paavilainen”, the altar is used to show contrasts of the patterns of the sunlight coming through and the “glass acts as a lens and as mirror.” Therefore, opacity is part of the architectural world through the amount of light that is allowed to pass through based on the seasons and the architects vision of light.1
Hyvinkää Church Hyvinkää/Finland
DARKNESS SHADOW
Dybkær Church Silkeborg/Denmark
Guangzhou Opera House, Guangzhou / China
Hoenheim-Nord Strasbourg / France Dybkær ChurchTerminus Silkeborg/Denmark
Vitra Fire Station Rhein / Germany Nordyjllands Art Museum Aalborg/Denmark
Philosophical Meaning.
Linguistic definition.
When speaking literally about opacity, it refers to the point where light is allowed to pass through an object, this is similar to the philosophical meaning as another way to define opacity or opaque is in regards to language and how hard or impossible it is to understand anything that is being said or written at that time. It is well known that light holds a lot of different meanings and metaphors, most commonly used would be knowledge, truth and purity. Therefore, with opacity meaning how much light is allowed through, speaking philosophically, is demonstrated how much truth and understanding is occurring at that moment in time.3
Opacity is the noun typically used to describe how opaque an object is. According to Merriam Webster, opacity refers to the “quality or state of a body that makes it impervious to the rays of light broadly [to elaborate,] the relative capacity of matter to obstruct the transmission of radiant energy”.2
Part 3 References 1. Schielke, Thomas. “Light Matters: Whiteness in Nordic Countries.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, August 29, 2014. https://www.archdaily.com/542503/ light-matters-whiteness-in-nordic-countries. 2. “Opacity.” Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/opacity. 3. “Opaque: Definition of Opaque by Lexico.” Lexico Dictionaries | English. Lexico Dictionaries. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://www.lexico. com/en/definition/opaque.
26-27
PART 4:
MATERIAL INSULATED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
Concrete Panels
The materials shown to the left is the material palette chosen for ths project, with white to light grey concrete walls and polished concrete for the floors. Lastly the addition of glass throughout the project to allow for experiences to be had with the manipulation of the sun light
Insulation
Steel Ties
MOVEMENT ABOVE GROUND
MOVEMENT UNDER GROUND
28-29
LIGHT EXPERIENCES
30-31
EXPERIENTIAL MOBILITY
32-33
FILTRATION.
Light Matters:
Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light
The pilgrimage chapel at Ronchamp, the parish church of Saintpierre in Firminy and the monastery of Saint Marie de La Tourette. These are Le Corbusier’s projects which are held very sacred for their “orientation, openings and textures to create kinetic architecture with daylight.” Le Corb uses the technique of filtration of light to create individual areas for contemplation. When speaking about religious architecture, light is associated with holiness and divinity. In the bible, in terms of Christianity, God is spoken of as the “light of the world”. The way the bible sees light and actual physical light are different, yes, how-
ever, the light can be used within the architecture to remind of the first type of light as both seem “heavenly” and therefore that “links both spheres”. Each era has used light is different ways for different reasons, for example, “The glow of the Romanesque apse, the golden shimmer of Byzantine mosaics or the luminous walls of Gothic stained glass.” Because Le Corbusier was not only a architect but an artist, he very much understood the importance of the “interaction of colours and light in his sacred buildings”. The light techniques utilised by Le Corbusier is quite a complex language, but it sets his work apart. His use of
light and the layers he creates with the, transcend just the stationary buildings, it’s a “cosmic cycle that changes with the course of the day, year”. With large considerations such as large tubes and the smaller details such as the “tiny stellar openings” all come together with light passing throught to create these amazing light patterns which transport one to a spiritual place. Therefore, the filtration of light is very important to not only the aesthetics of the design just to the religious values. Le Corb showed his awareness of the “the cosmic power of light in his personal synthesis of maxims in the beginning of “The Poem of the Right Angle””1
Church of Saint-Pierre Firminy/France
DIFFUSION POROSITY
Hyvinkää Church Hyvinkää/Finland
Hyvinkää Church Hyvinkää/Finland
Hyvinkää Church Hyvinkää/Finland
Philosophical Meaning.
Linguistic definition.
While the linguistic definition of Filtration is to sort through something to remove the unwanted from the wanted. Synonyms of this word would be filtering, diffusion or sorting. The whole act of filtering light is through the restriction or blocking of light with another material or element to get the desired affect or the filtered thing. Therefore, the philosophical meaning behind the filtration would be us as humans are always subconsciously filtering everything around us in the world and it’s the active process of immediately deciding right then and there in a certain moment whether to reject or accept these things in our lives.
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, filtration refers to the “process of passing through or as if through a filter [… another word in relation to filtration is] diffusion”. It is the act of taking out something undesired from something else. 2 part 4 references 1. Schielke, Thomas. “Light Matters: Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, February 11, 2015. https://www.archdaily.com/597598/light-matters-le-corbusier-and-the-trinity-of-light. 2. “Filtration.” Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Accessed October 28, 2019. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/filtration.