TH E MOR E YOU LEAR N, TH E MOR E YOU EAR N
ARTICLE SUBJECT WWW.STUDENTADVISOR.COM
2010’S PLENTIFUL
OPPORTUNITIES GET MEANINGFUL, WELL- PAYING WORK IN HEALTH CARE NURSING JOBS FORECAST
2010-2018 PREPARING FOR NURSING SCHOOL HELPFUL TIPS
NEXT STEPS HOW TO APPLY YOUR DEGREE
HEALTH CARE GUIDE
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EDITOR JOB PROSPECTS IN BLOOM!
B
aby boomers are helping your job prospects bloom! The generation of Americans born between 1946 and 1964 are known as “baby boomers.” There are about 77 million boomers, and they’re retiring in droves. That means they’ll need more medical care, more prescription drugs, and more people to help them as they age. That also means that our national workforce of healthcare professionals is shrinking fast. As the way we care for people evolvesthrough changes in insurance coverage, advancements in technology and new models of healthcare service delivery, job prospects for a new generation of caregivers are brighter than ever. There are plentiful opportunities to get meaningful, well paying work in healthcare. If you’ve got your high school diploma or GED you can step into a world of exciting learning opportunities that will prepare you for a lifetime of solid employment and deep personal satisfaction. It all begins right here. SANDR A PR OUL X
Cheers!
Sandra Proulx Student Advisor Community Manager sproulx@studentadvisor.com
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CONTENTS CHAPTER 1:
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Healthcare’s many settings • Introduction: Blooming job prospects CHAPTER 2:
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Employment Outlook • Where the nursing jobs will be 2010-2018
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Preparing for Nursing School • Advice: What you need to do before your enroll
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Nursing Classifications • Certified Nursing Assistant • Licensed Practical Nurses/Licensed Vocational Nurses • Registered Nurses
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After Nursing School, What’s Next? • How and where to utilize your newly earned degree CHAPTER 3: Radiology
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• Radiographers • Radiation Therapists • Registered Radiologist Assistant CHAPTER 4:
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Pharmacy • Phamacy Technicians
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 5: Administration • Medical Assistant
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• Medical Transcription
• Medical Billing & Coding Starting a Home-Based Service
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CHAPTER 6: Health Care IT & the HITECH Act • Medical Records & Health Information Technicians
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CHAPTER 7: Allied Health • Fitness Specialists
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• Nutrition Specialists • Massage Therepists CHAPTER 8: Community Health • What is Community Health?
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• Public Health Educators • Social Workers
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Health care’s Many Settings Healthcare occurs in a wide range of environments, each with different opportunities and demands. Healthcare settings are classified as either clinical (working in a hospital, for instance), or non-clinical (working in an administrative department within a hospital is a good example). By A.F. Hutchinson
• HOSPITALS
• NURSING HOMES
• CLINICS
• LONG-TERM CARE SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES
• DOCTOR’S OFFICES • AMBULATORY CARE CENTERS SURGICENTERS
• SPORTS MEDICINE CLINICS • MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES
• MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES
• FREESTANDING IMAGING FACILITIES
• OUTPATIENT CLINICS
• ALCOHOL AND DRUG REHABILITATION FACILITIES
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JOB FIELDS It takes a lot of non-clinical work to make hospitals, clinics and doctor’s offices run smoothly, including:
• RECORDKEEPING AND TRANSCRIPTION
•H UMAN RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION
• ADMISSIONS CLERKS AND RECEPTIONISTS
• OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
• BILLING/CODING
There are many opportunities to do clinical work in non-clinical settings, too:
• HOME CARE SETTINGS
• SCHOOL INFIRMARIES
• ATHLETIC CLUBS AND GYMS
• GROUP HOMES AND SUPPORTED LIVING FACILITIES
Finding work in a large hospital with departments for every medical need is just one available option out of hundreds.
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Nursing Jobs Forecast
2010 - 2018 By A.F. Hutchinson
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EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK
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t’s a great time to become a nurse. Over 40 percent of this country’s nurses are in their fifties and beyond, and for many of them retirement is just around the corner. At the same time, the overall population is getting older and requiring more medical care. An aging workforce plus an aging population equals a serious nursing shortage. In fact, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates that by 2020 the healthcare workforce may need one million nurses to fill the gap Not only is there a wider variety of places to work than ever before, but salaries are increasing. Your earning potential as a nurse will depend on how much training you have and where you work. Registered nurses with an Associates Degree, a Bachelor of Science
in Nursing (BSN) or a diploma from a hospital nursing program typically earn $50,000 $70,000 a year. In 2005, the average salary for an RN was $57,785.
READ MORE INFORMATION ABOUT HEALTH PROFESSIONS
DOCTOR’S OFFICE
HOME & HEALTH CARE SERVICES
NURSING CARE FACILITIES
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
HOSPITALS
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Preparing for
ADVICE
Nursing School By A.F. Hutchinson
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ou can enroll in nursing courses as soon as you have your high school diploma or GED. You’ll need to have good grades in math, biology, chemistry, health science and English to qualify for entry into a program, and good computer skills will help. Being able to speak a language other than English isn’t necessary, but it can be a big plus. VOLUNTEER. An extremely valuable part of preparing for nursing school is spending time at a hospital or clinic. Being around nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers will give you a feel for the environment, the pacing, and the actual day-to-day routine. It will also help you sort out precisely what kind of nursing is right for you. FIND A MENTOR. Ask your neighbors, family members and friends if they know of someone who can talk about their experiences in nursing. It’s a big, wide, connected world, and you never know who might be able to share advice and networking contacts.
FIND LPN PROGRAMS >>>
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Nursing Classifications By A.F. Hutchinson
REGISTERED NURSES To become a registered nurse you’ll need a nursing degree or a diploma from a hospital-based nursing program. You can choose an Associate of Science degree, which can take 2-3 years to complete. A Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) takes four years of study. A Hospital-based diploma programs takes about 3 years, but can be hard to find. BSN’s have better earning power than LPN/VPN’s or nurses with either an Associate’s or diploma, but there are plenty of RN-to-BSN programs to choose from once you’ve become a registered nurse. In all aspects of nursing your ability to make better pay will also increase with your work experience. The average earnings of an RN is between $50,000 to $70,000 annually.
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LEVELS OF NURSING
LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES/ LICENSED VOCATIONAL NURSES LPN’s, or VPNs, as they’re called in California and Texas, care for patients under the direct supervision of doctors and registered nurses. LPNs typically take vital signs, change dressings, prepare patients for tests, give injections, and help patients with bathing, dressing and walking. Typical LPN programs take up to 12 months to complete. Once your studies are done you’ll take the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEXPN) to put the “licensed” in your title and qualify you to apply for work as an LPN. Average salaries for LPNs range from $33,000 to $46,000.
CERTIFIED NURSING ASSISTANT Nursing assistants are the backbone of the direct care and long-term care industries. In nursing homes, long-term care facilities, hospices and hospitals, CNAs help patients with all aspects of daily living. To become a CNA you must complete at least 75 hours of state-approved training and pass a certification exam. The average hourly pay for CNAs ranges between $9 and $13 per hour.
FIND LPN PROGRAMS >>>
FIND CNA PROGRAMS >>>
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Afte
POST GRADUATION
er Nursing School...
What’s Next? By A.F. Hutchinson
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nvesting in a nursing education is truly an investment in the rest of your life. How much time and money you invest is up to you, but it will matter as your career progresses. Once you’ve finished your studies and become licensed to practice nursing there are plentiful opportunities for professional development and continuing education. As an entry level or staff nurse, you can work in many different specialties. Here’s a very short list of specialized nursing roles: • HOME HEALTH CARE NURSE • CARDIAC REHABILITATION NURSE • ORTHOPEDIC NURSE • ONCOLOGY OR CANCER CARE NURSE • PEDIATRIC NURSING • INTRAVENOUS THERAPY NURSE • OPERATING ROOM SCRUB NURSE • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE • PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY NURSE Whatever path you choose, one thing is sure – nurses are in great demand, and that demand will continue to rise over the next decade. Are you ready to take the first step?
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RADIOLOGY
Radiology R
adiology is a big field, encompassing diagnostic imaging and disease treatment and management.
• Diagnostic imaging is the process of identifying and monitoring injury and disease with X-rays and other types of imaging technology. • Radiation therapy uses radiation to treat disease in cancer patients. Radiology is a fascinating and fast-growing part of medicine. Radiology departments, whether in hospitals, sports medicine clinics, or free-standing imaging centers are peopleintensive places, so enjoying a daily flow of new faces and personalities is a must. Radiology jobs keep you on your feet, so it’s important to have enough energy and strength to keep moving through your workday.
RADIOGRAPHERS, radiation therapists and radiologist assistants work with very cool technologies that require formal training and certification, but you can get started with your high school diploma or GED. Radiographers, commonly known as X-ray technicians, work in hospitals, clinics and imaging centers. Because much of the equipment used in medical imaging is portable and can fit in a specially-outfitted van or RV, techs are an important part of mobile teams who bring the technology to people and communities in need. X-ray techs are closely supervised and work as part of a close-knit team. As an X-ray technician, you’ll need to get patients ready for their examinations, set up the exam, and position the equipment and patients properly. You’ll learn how to operate sophisticated imaging equipment, capture images and adjust them so that doctors can spot injuries or illness. It can take up to two years to complete your
training and to become certified as an X-ray tech. The average annual salary for X-ray techs ranges from $40,000 to $60,000.
RADIATION THERAPISTS work in hospitals, clinics, and cancer treatment centers, and use sophisticated equipment and techniques to treat cancer with radiation. The need for radiation therapists will continue to grow along with the aging population, so job prospects will stay strong. Working with cancer patients is tremendously rewarding and fulfilling on an emotional level, but keep in mind that it takes a great deal of emotional energy and maturity to work in oncology. Radiation therapists are on their feet all day and may be required to move patients, so physical strength is an asset. Once you’ve completed an Associate’s degree program in radiography, you’ll need to finish a 12-month certificate program in radiation therapy. On average, qualified radiation therapists earn $59,000 to $87,000 annually. REGISTERED RADIOLOGIST ASSISTANTS work as “physician extenders,” assisting the radiologist with a range of tasks that may include evaluating patients, reviewing medical records, writing reports and other duties. Becoming an RRA is a great career development path for an X-ray tech. The RRA career was developed as a way to fill the gap left by the current shortage of radiologists. Generally, it takes a year of experience to become eligible to take the RRA certification examination. According to the American Medical Association, RRA’s can expect to earn approximately $100,000 to $112,000 annually.
FIND RADIOLOGY PROGRAMS >>>
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PHARMACY
Pharmacy E
ver notice the long lines at the pharmacy counter? Those lines reflect growing trends in the use of prescription medication and in the aging of our society in general. Those long lines also mean that help behind the counter is always needed. If you are compassionate, motivated, and love working with details, your healthcare career can begin at the pharmacy. Pharmacy technicians help pharmacists in a range of settings, from drug stores, supermarkets and other retail operations, to mail-order companies, hospitals and healthcare facilities. About 70% of pharmacy techs work in retail. As a pharmacy tech, you can expect to do a fair amount of customer service work. If you’ve worked in retail you probably have a good grip on how people behave; in a pharmacy setting, many of the customers you’ll be serving will be feeling unwell or be caring for someone who is sick, so patience really counts! The best pharmacy techs are able to listen and to relate to people of all ages, backgrounds and degrees of wellness. Pharmacy techs assist licensed pharmacists by filling orders, keeping things organized, and sometimes doing light clerical work. Many retail stores are open 24 hours a day, and require round-the-clock pharmacy staffing. Working as a pharmacy tech is a great way to supplement your income, or to earn your living while you study to become a pharmacist. On average, pharmacy techs earn between $10.00 and $15.00 an hour. You don’t need any special preparation or educational background to start training as a pharmacy tech. In fact, you can start your training whenever you’re ready and quickly qualify to improve your job prospects and earning power.
FIND PHARMACY TECH PROGRAMS >>>
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Administration ADMINISTRATIVE WORKERS are the backbone of modern healthcare. Office workers keep physician practices and hospital departments running efficiently. Some administrative roles will give you a balance of clinical and office work, where you’ll be dealing with patients and practitioners every day. Other roles are strictly “back office,” where you’ll help keep the wheels turning without much direct patient contact. There are many great opportunities either way, and getting started is much faster and easier than you might think. Virtually ever department in medicine requires administrative support.
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ADMINISTRATION
MEDICAL ASSISTANTS handle a variety of administrative tasks that depend on the size of the practice or hospital department. In some practices, the work of an assistant may not differ that much from what a secretary in any other type of field might have; in others, you may have a greater degree of contact with patients, including taking vital signs and setting up examination rooms. Medical assisting is one of the fastest growing occupations in healthcare, and jobs are plentiful. Office work is ideal if you’re organized, a multitasker and a team player. Depending on the size of your office, you’ll be working with physicians, nurses, physician’s assistants and other clerical staff. While you’ll only need your high school diploma or GED to get started as a medical assistant, most doctors’ offices and hospital departments prefer to hire applicants who have completed a certificate program or who have an Associate’s degree in the field. The amount of training you have boosts your earning potential, too. The average annual earnings for medical assistants range from $23,000 to $33,000.
MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION is a growing field with solid opportunities for people who prefer limited contact with patients. Transcriptionists input dictation from members of the healthcare team, accurately typing up case notes, examination results and other records. If you become a transcriptionist, you’ll spend most of your time at a computer. Transcriptionists work in physician offices, hospitals and in other healthcare facilities; some use voice recognition software, others use standard dictation equipment, and still others work with data sent over a network. If you have mad typing skills, a passion for accuracy and are comfortable working at a computer, you’re likely to love medical transcription. A good training program will get you familiar with the vocabulary of medicine and give you an extremely valuable edge when hiring time comes around. Once you’ve completed either a 12 month certificate program or two-year Associate’s degree, you’ll be in a field that pays $13.00 to $18.00 per hour.
MEDICAL BILLING AND CODING requires an eye for detail, great computer skills and a knack for customer service. Medical billers and coders work with sophisticated software programs to make sure that healthcare providers are paid for the procedures they perform. All medical specialties have codes that are applied to specific procedures. Billers and coders use specialized directories that outline those codes, and often spend significant time in their days talking to insurance companies. People skills come in handy. Skilled billers and coders with Associate’s degrees can earn, on average, $24,000 to $39,000 a year.
FIND MEDICAL ASSISTANT PROGRAMS >
FIND MEDICAL TRANSCRIPTION PROGRAMS >
FIND MEDICAL BILLING & CODING PROGRAMS >
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HOW TO:
Start a Home-Based Medical Transcription or Billing Service Here’s an inside look at what it really takes. By A.F. Hutchinson
TRAINING. Both medical transcription and medical billing have their own highly-specific and unique languages that you’ll have to master before you hang up your shingle. Certificate and Associate’s degree programs prepare you for the terminology, and give you the ‘big picture’ experience that you’ll need to get started.
gotten your credentials, set up your home office and have all your software up and running, it’s time to set your rates and find clients. Use the internet to find out what other home-based transcriptionists and billers are charging, and keep in mind that as a newbie, you’ll probably have to charge much less.
INVESTMENT in your tools of the trade. It’s not enough to have a spare room and a working computer. Medical transcriptionists depend on specific style guides and dictionaries, and investing in those resources is essential. Voice-recognition software designed for medical terminology can be a real time saver, and help you complete your projects on time and on budget. For medical billing, you’ll need to invest in coding directories and specific software programs that will allow you to process claims for your clients. Software programs for medical billing are costly and often require annual updates, but they’re a key part of every at-home business.
SCOUR THE PLANET FOR CLIENTS. That’s exactly what your first year as a transcriptionist or biller will feel like. You’ll have the phone glued to your ear and your eyes will be weary from looking for leads on the internet and in professional directories, but with patience (and smart pricing) that first client will come your way.
COMPROMISE, MONEY-WISE. Once you’ve
WORK TO IMPRESS. Once you get that first client, turn out your very best work. Build a track record with them. After the completion of your first transcription assignment, ask for another. If you’re a biller, after a few successful billing cycles, ask your client if she or he knows of anyone who might use your services. Word-of-mouth is one of the best ways to build your business.
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ADMINISTRATION
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Health Care
Information Technology H
EALTHCARE IT AND THE HITECH ACT In February of 2009, President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, infusing our economy with $787 billion in tax benefits, jobs, loans, contracts and entitlements. $36 billion of those stimulus funds were set aside for the implementation of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the HITECH Act), which is designed to advance the nation’s healthcare IT systems through the widespread adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems and technology. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the department that outlines the incentives that Medicare and Medicaid providers who meet eligibility criteria will receive, EHR technology “improves quality, safety, and efficiency of health care delivery, reduces health care disparities, engages patients and families, improves care coordination, improves population and public health, and ensures adequate privacy and security protections for personal health information.” To be eligible for a piece of HITECH’s $36 billion pie, hospitals and healthcare providers must have EHR systems in place by 2015. As a result, organizations are scrambling to prepare for the shift from paper to electronic records, investing in new software systems and
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bolstering staff to help support big changes in the way patient records are handled and stored. Thanks to HITECH, job prospects for health information and medical records technicians are especially bright. The time is right to break into this fascinating and challenging field.
MEDICAL RECORDS AND HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNICIANS handle all kinds of health information, and are entrusted with making sure the information is accurate, accessible and secure. As a health information technician or medical records tech, you won’t have any direct contact with patients, but you will have access to confidential information and be held to the highest standards of integrity and professionalism. You’ll be working with sophisticated software programs, much like medical billers and coders do. With the right training, you may be able to research and analyze patient data that can help improve care or improve the way your organization performs. The best way to get into the field is to earn your two-year Associate’s degree. Typically, you can expect to earn between $24,000 and $39,000 a year as a medical records and health information technician. FIND HEALTH CARE IT PROGRAMS >>>
HEALTH CARE IT
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Allied Health Allied health professions are a vital part of health care. By definition, “allied health” does not include doctors, dentists or nurses, but covers a vast field of other specialists dedicated to health and wellbeing. Allied health abounds with fulfilling and well-paying jobs that can help you develop your personal interests into a satisfying long-term career.
FITNESS SPECIALISTS use their knowledge and enthusiasm to motivate their clients to exercise for better health. If you’re physically fit, love to work out and have an affinity for working with others, fitness work offers flexibility and variety. Whether working in an athletic club or gym, a hospital, clinic, community health center or in clients’ homes, as a fitness trainer you’ll need to be motivated, patient and focused. You’ll be working with people with different physical and emotional needs and goals, so your natural teaching abilities will be one of your strongest assets. Pay rates vary with the type of organization you work for, but in general, fitness workers make anywhere between $19,000 and $44,000 annually. You should be able to plan and teach classes that are effective and safe, so it’s no surprise that your career will begin in the classroom. There are excellent training programs that will prepare you for a great career in the fitness industry while making the most of your personality and natural talents. What are you waiting for? FIND FITNESS PROGRAMS >>>
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ALLIED HEALTH NUTRITION SPECIALISTS help people manage their diets to get and stay healthy. As a nutritionist, you’ll understand the relationship of food to human health, and work closely with patients and clients to teach them good eating habits. As a nutritionist, you’ll have many different work environments to choose from, such as hospital and outpatient healthcare facilities, community centers and doctors’ offices. Nutrition specialists must have their Bachelor’s degree in order to become certified. Certified nutrition specialists make between $40,000 and $60,000 on average.
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MASSAGE THERAPISTS use a variety of tissue and muscle manipulation techniques to reduce stress and promote healing. There are over 80 types of massage, from deep tissue massage, reflexology, Swedish massage and Shiatsu to sports massage, and more. Massage therapists work in hospitals, group and private practice, health clubs, salons and many other settings. A career in massage therapy requires you to do long hours of physical work, but those demands can be tremendously rewarding. Self-employed massage therapists make the most money, with average earnings ranging from $11.00 to $25.00 an hour. FIND MASSAGE SCHOOLS >>>
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What is
communi T
he American Public Health Association defines public health as “the practice of preventing disease and promoting good health within groups of people, from small communities to entire countries.” Public health includes professionals from many different fields, all dedicated to making their communities and the people they serve healthier. Community health, according to the National Association of County and City Health Officials, “is a perspective on public health that assumes community participation to be an essential ingredient for effective public health practice. It takes into account the tangible and intangible characteristics of the community— its formal and informal networks and support systems; its norms and cultural nuances; and its institutions, politics, and belief systems.” Working to ensure the health and improve the life of your community can be an extremely exciting and personally fulfilling career. Community health professionals dedicate their energies to the common good, as advocates, counselors, researchers, and
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in many other capacities, and are a vitally important part of society.
PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATORS work in the community to teach people about a variety of health concerns, such as how to maintain their health and avoid the spread of disease. From educating the public on the risks of drug abuse to offering guidance on how to deal with a flu outbreak, as a health educator you’ll be providing, teaching and sharing critical information that improves peoples’ lives. There are many settings where public health education takes place, and where you work will depend on what you’d like to accomplish. You might choose to work in a school, teaching health classes, perhaps work in your local public health office, or work one-on-one in a clinical setting. Anyone can become a public health educator, but the best have great people skills, a knack for teaching and communicating and a deep desire to make the world a better place. To begin your career as a public health
COMMUNITY HEALTH
ity health? educator you’ll need a Bachelor’s degree in $31,000 and $52,000 annually. Your first step health education. Salaries range from $33,000 towards a career in social work begins with to $60,000, on average. your Bachelor’s degree.
SOCIAL WORKERS share that desire to make the world a better place, and do so by helping individuals, groups and families solve their most difficult problems. Where and how you practice as a social worker will depend almost entirely on the population you’d like to serve and the interests you have. For example, if you may have an affinity for working with senior citizens you might offer counseling services to that population as part of a residential care program. Licensed clinical social workers (LICSW) help their clients deal with the stresses and difficulties of life, and may choose to specialize in an area of practice such as marriage and family counseling, gender identity, mental health or school counseling, among others. Your work settings may range from an office in a behavioral health center to your own private practice. On average, social workers make between
DOWNLOAD A FREE PUBLIC HEALTH FACT SHEET FROM THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION LEARN KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS FROM THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTY AND CITY HEALTH OFFICALS
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