COVERSTORY
The Design of Habits
INTERVIEW
Three ID alumni talk about Confronting Failure
EDGE
Curiosity and the Impact on Taboos March 2022 № 79
In the flat Netherlands, you sometimes forget ever y thing has its ups and downs, ever y thing meaning: how you feel inside, your concentration span while studying for an exam, and the COVID-19 measures. Nothing in our lives will be linear, which means we have to be flexible as well. After the summer and at the beginning of this year, more and more restrictions were lifted. We went into a new lockdown again in the winter, and I could not even begin to imagine the wave we were in. But the silver lining is: we have become better at sur fing. We learned to go with the flow, and we got better and better at reacting to changes heading our way. Because when things are not possible, it creates space to do other things, to tr y out new things. I hope this has become a skill we can use with all the challenges ahead in our lives, coronavirus related or not. By the time you read this new T TP, we hope to have the freedom to do what makes us happy without worr ying about the coronavirus too much. Enjoy this first magazine by the new committee, and see you soon at ID!
Chair of ID
Contents
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About a year and a half ago, I came to Delft intending to do all the things I had ever dreamt of. I planned on doing crazy sports that I had never played before, organising parties for all my new friends, and experiencing as many things as I could. But when I got here, I realised that it was not as easy as I imagined. Trying new things can be very scary! Nevertheless, I eventually started to flourish. It is hard to pinpoint when, but I just started doing the things I wanted to experience for so long. I surrounded myself with people who inspired me, which made me realise I am capable of doing many more things than I thought. And now I am here, writing to you, hoping to spark that same thing in you. As the new Turn the Page committee, inspiring you is what we plan on doing this year. That is why our theme is ‘Boundless’, we want to show you that everything truly is possible. We are excited to implement our vision into the upcoming issues and to share our passions. That is why we present this edition: Foreplay. Foreplay is exciting, experimental, and about finding out what you like. We feel that your time as a student also reflects these qualities and that it is the time to blossom and explore.
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Besides the vision change, Turn the Page also underwent some other changes. This year, you will find only three issues of Turn the Page on your doorstep. The first and third will be ‘student exclusives’. That is cool, right? In this issue, you will read about habits, how they are formed, and how to make them last. This issue also includes an article about ‘ugly fashion’ and wonders if crocs will be in fashion anytime soon (they better be). Furthermore, we challenge you by presenting matters you might have never encountered in an article about eco-ableism and the role of taboos in society. You are also encouraged to participate as we have included multiple interactive pages! The sky does not have to be a limit. It is time to be boundless.
Liselot Roijakkers Chair
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BOOKS EVENT
by Tobias Hilberink
FOREPLAYLIST
If you need a little break from reading but still have not gotten enough of foreplay, we have got the solution for you. Turn the Page is now equipped with a sensual Spotify playlist to accompany you any time of the day. It does not matter if you are in class, the gym, or bed. This is the part of foreplay that you can experience everywhere. The list is experimental, sensual, warm, and exciting, just like foreplay should be.
THE MIDNIGHT LIBRARY Are you craving a new good read? The Midnight Library is a book that reminds you of all the possibilities in life, just like we are trying to do in this issue, and it does this with a beautiful analogy. However, it also keeps you grounded, with the ending being bittersweet. It helps you interpret regret differently and gives you a new perspective on your past and future. We do not want to give away too much because we believe it is a book that is enjoyed most going in blind. Enjoy!
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DARK TOURIST If you are interested in the dark and the bizarre, and if you are bored of your room but cannot really afford a world tour, this might be the show for you. ‘Dark tourist’ is a documentary series on Netflix that explores odd tourist attractions around the world. David Farrier visits places like radioactive cities in Japan, the unsettling capital of Myanmar, and Indonesia, where he encounters unfamiliar ways of dealing with death. It is an interesting look at what tourism can be and shows many cultures. While the places David visits are usually not very ‘happy’, he presents them calmly and funny, taking you along on his strange journey.
PLANTA Chances are, a lot of you have taken up the hobby of tending indoor plants these past few years. If you have not already because you think you would not be able to take care of them, or you have stopped because your forgetfulness caused some floral casualties, Planta is a good fit for you. Simply add your plants to the app, and it reminds you to water your plants depending on the type of plants you have. Plants can make your bedroom cosier, boost your mood, and help to make these cold months more bearable!
VIVA LA FRIDA! Are you hungry for some great art? Then you should make a trip to the Drents Museum that is currently hosting two of Frida Kahlo’s most important collections in their exhibition “Viva la Frida!” The exhibition displays a variety of pieces, including personal belongings like corsets and jewellery and paintings and drawings by the artist herself. It is a unique opportunity to see her work and learn about the life of one of the most influential female artists in history. It is exhibited until the 27th of March next year. So, pack some lunch and take the train to Assen!
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BAB E+
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For Your Listening Pleasure FLASH FORWARD Have you ever wondered how the world would change if we could bio-print new organs? As the host of Flash Forward, Rose Eveleth, tells us every episode: “Flash Forward is a show about the future. Every episode, we take on a possible or not so possible future scenario.” Rose finds and interviews experts on the subject and makes a case for how these future possibilities would impact our society if they came true. As a designer, it is important to explore the future and think about the challenges we will face. This wellproduced podcast makes this enjoyable and interesting.
99% INVISIBLE If you are looking for a new podcast to listen to on a walk or while relaxing after an intensive day, the podcast ‘99% Invisible’ might be what you are looking for. It is about surprisingly interesting topics involving all facets of design. The team makes original music for each new episode, making the experience even more special. Not sure where to start? We recommend Episode 219, which is about intentionally making designs less pleasant to interact with.
S-TOWN S-town is a podcast that follows a man named John who despises his Alabama hometown. John contacts the podcast’s host, Brian, about a wealthy family in his town whose son brags about getting away with murder. He claims the family is trying to cover up the alleged murder, and Brian agrees to investigate the story and fly out to see John. Interestingly, the podcast turns into a story about the relationship between Brian and John. The controversy is understandable after listening to the podcast; it is a thrilling, complicated, and painfully beautiful story about a gothic Alabaman man fighting to change his rural Alabama hometown. This podcast is not for the faint-hearted and is highly recommended to those who can handle an emotional rollercoaster.
Have you never listened to a podcast before? You can find all of these on Spotify or any other podcast app! 8
COVERSTO RY
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COVERSTORY
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While watching your fireworks-fanatic neighbour send his rockets into the sky, creating an explosive rain of sparkling gold, you promised yourself: “This year, I will make the change.” But whatever we tell ourselves to change, our habits seem so ingrained that even the sparkling magic of entering a new year cannot make the slightest difference in our power over them. by Tobias Hilberink and Thom Jansen
But still, people can change their habits, so some of us do manage to keep our resolutions. Habits play a great role in daily life, and without them, we would drown in stress. Challenging your habits makes life’s journey interesting, so to tackle them, we ask ourselves: What makes habits so hard to get rid of or pick up? What do our existing habits tell about us? And can we design them ourselves when we understand how they are formed in the brain?
When is something a habit?
To understand the difference between an arbitrary action and an habitual action, we must take a close look at our brain. When performing a new task, the neurons in your brain cooperate to find the actions necessary for successfully completing the task. In this stage, your brain has not yet found a pathway to do this quickly and smoothly, and that is why trying something for the first time is usually difficult. It is comparable to getting to know your way around a new neighbourhood. At first, you might make a few detours, but as you repeatedly make your way around the place, you optimise the route and get to your destinations more quickly.
This pathway forming process is part of how the brain learns. It involves multiple brain regions, making it a very complex process. Like this, habits are brain pathways that have undergone this learning process and have become so strong and streamlined that you usually do not even consciously perform them.
Why does the mind create habits?
The brain consists of multiple regions that determine specific human behaviour and thought processes. The front part of the brain, called the prefrontal cortex, is the part that is mainly associated with complex thought. This is where you consciously think about performing a task by making decisions about it, planning it, and executing it. The prefrontal cortex works harder when you do something new. It makes many calculations and decisions to bring the new task to success. Because this is highly brain-intensive, you cannot perform other tasks that require your full focus. In response, the brain breaks this ‘difficult’ task up into smaller chunks and chains them together into one repeatable routine, to save mental space. 1
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For example, driving a car becomes automatic, allowing you to chat with the person next to you. A 2016 study on habit formation that combined existing research showed multiple stages of habits forming in the brain of mice and monkeys. When a habit is relatively new, there is active consideration of the reward it will provide, and as you repeat it, the cue (stimulus for falling into a habit) becomes independent of the reward. This caused the mice to listen to their habit of running the same route through a maze, even after they were no longer rewarded for taking that specific route. It explains why humans, just like the mice, unconsciously act out a habit on certain cues even when they know doing it is unnecessary or unrewarding. When you start something new, the neurons in your brain fire throughout the action. But once a habit forms, neurons start firing only at the beginning of a habit (cue), pausing during the habit (response), and firing again at the end of it (reward). This pattern of clustered neuron firing is why a habit is so hard to break.
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When does something become a habit?
You might be familiar with the famous concept that it takes 10.000 hours of work to become a master in a field. This urban myth results from a 1992 study by the psychologist Anders Ericsson, who measured and compared professional violinists’ and pianists’ hours of practice. He found that, on average, the strongest performers had put in 10.000 hours of practice into playing their instrument. Even though it is generally true that putting this much time into something (roughly an hour of daily practice for 30 years) results in people becoming very good at it, there is nothing magical about the number 10.000. It just takes many repetitions to get something to be so habitual that you become a master at it. In 2009, English psychologist Phillippa Lally conducted a case study on habit-forming with 82 participants trying to create an eating, drinking, or activity habit for 12 weeks. Lally found that habit formation follows the same asymptotic curve for everyone. On average, it took 66 days for the habit to become automatic. However, some people needed more than twice that time. That suggests a person’s personal habitual tendencies and characteristics greatly influence the habit-forming ability and
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the required time. For example, the people with an eating and drinking habit took significantly less time to reach the asymptote than the people trying to implement an exercise habit in their lives, which indicates that the complexity of a behavioural task influences the habit’s development. So, what is the quickest way to that asymptote?
How do you design your habits?
A more recent study involving Lally aimed to provide a framework for the determinants of habit formation. The factors were roughly divided into three categories: Cue-related, behaviour related, and person-related factors. Cue related determinants for a habit concern engaging in a particular behaviour. Planning your desired habit increases the likelihood of you forming that habit. So, thinking out specific actions beforehand is like setting up the brain pathway of a habit to strengthen it when it is finally performed. Another important facet of this habit-forming stage is the cue. Cues
COVERSTORY
are the contextual features leading to performing a habit (e.g., entering the gym, smelling coffee). Influencing the detectability of the cue, making it more or less obvious (having a fruit bowl instead of placing your apples in a pantry and hiding your pack of cigarettes) will result in more control over your habit. The second group of factors are about the behavioural response to the cue. It is essential to remain consistent and not necessarily frequent in your actions. For example, consistently following cues with the desired action will result in stronger habits. It does not matter if you forget performing your desired habit once but keep in mind that regularly skipping it will significantly slow habit formation. Simplifying a habit also helps strengthen it since complex habits are harder to wire in the brain as it divides them into multiple simple ones. So, keeping your exercise routine simple will increase the chance of making the habit stick. You can generally use the two-minute rule for simple habits, meaning you should complete the task in less than two minutes to start building a habit. The reward of the behaviour is also 1
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important. Making the habit intrinsically rewarding (which just means making it fun to do) will show better results than making the reward after the behaviour interesting. For example, when learning to play the guitar, try playing songs you like instead of dry music theory. Studies have also shown that the level of cortisol (the hormone associated with stress) influences your habit formation. This means that stressful conditioning strengthens your habits (taking a cold shower while brushing your teeth). Due to higher cortisol levels in the early hours, a morning habit sticks better than an evening one. When you identify a habit that you consider bad it is better to replace it with a good one than trying to get rid of it entirely. If you like to snack a lot, replacing your snacks with healthier ones works better than completely depriving yourself of any snack. This ‘overriding’ of the habitual brain pathways might demand some creativity but will eventually pay off as you have used the strength of your existing (bad) habit to create an even stronger new good habit.
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Do habits define you?
An essential part of you is your habits. You might not realise it, but an overwhelmingly big part of your life is controlled by your subconscious brain. Habits make your brain do more tasks subconsciously, which takes less energy. Some people say that the strongest people are the ones that use the most willpower, but using willpower for tasks you do a lot is not efficient. If you automate a task by making it a habit, you use less willpower and have more energy for other tasks. As you have read, every repetitive action strengthens that specific neural pathway. Maybe the thought of physically changing your brain positively every time you perform a difficult task will give you more motivation.
Why now is the best time to create your habits? What makes these habits is also what breaks them. As you get older, your habits establish themselves more and more. If you are reading this, there is a good chance that you are still in your student years. Why is creating habits easier at this age than in the future?
COVERSTORY
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You are full of energy in your youth, making you try many new things. Also, your brain has more neuroplasticity, making it easier to change the connections between neurons in your brain. This is why a child is better at learning a language or a musical instrument than an adult. This energy level lowers as you mature and get calmer. You get better at deciding what is important to you, as you narrow your focus to that. Student life is the sweet spot in the middle where you can experiment with getting into new habits while understanding what is of value to you. It is the time when you can play around and choose the directions you want to proceed in as if it were the foreplay of your adult life. Most of you have moved out of your parents’ home, and every one of you lives in ever-changing environments. Because you live in various settings, you do not experience the same daily cues, so it is easier to change your actions.
Becoming the master of your habits
Habits are everywhere, and the first step in influencing them is being aware of their presence. Pay attention to the automatisms that form the groundwork of your behaviour and try to identify which cues induce them, what your response is, and what makes them rewarding. After that, it is up to you to draw the line between the good and bad ones, but keep in mind that it is daunting to change a strong habit. Make sure that you enter the 66-day battle armed with a strong motivation, that is now backed by your newfound knowledge of the inner workings of the habit-forming brain. Once you realise that you want to change or create a habit, do not wait for ‘the right time’, like a seemingly meaningful date such as New Year’s Day, but try these provided tips any day to make a meaningful change to your life and explore the world! 3
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G REEN PAG ES
March 2022 | turn the page
eco unconscious While many people celebrated the ban on disposable plastic, some were left helpless. Why? Plastic straws granted many people independence, which the sudden scarcity has taken away. To get some insight into this topic, I interviewed Xandra Koster. She is a disability rights activist and is a part of Feminists Against Ableism and Iederin. by Liselot Roijakkers | special thanks to Xandra Koster
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G REEN PAG ES
Ignorance towards people with a disability in the name of sustainability is called ‘eco-ableism’. To explain this, we should first define the what ableism is. It is the act of discrimination against people with a disability. This discrimination can be direct, like when using disabilities as insults. However, it is often more disguised when implemented on an institutional level. Even though this type of ableism might be unnoticeable, it is just as impactful as direct ableism. Still, it goes unseen by the people who are not directly involved. Eco-ableism is discrimination in the name of sustainability or eco-consciousness, and it presents itself in direct and subtle, institutionalised ways. An example of direct eco-ableism, as I will call it, is an old PETA campaign. This campaign linked the consumption of dairy products to autism. Besides the fact that this is untrue, it also paints a very harmful image of autistic people. It blames people with autism for their disorder and tells them they are unwanted. With this campaign, PETA wanted to lower dairy consumption in the name of sustainability. However, it turned out to be a nasty case of eco-ableism. A second, more recent example shows how eco-ableism is present in more subtle ways. In the European Green Deal, the EU strives to eliminate all net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050. The ban on single-use plastics, specifically plastic straws, has become the main symbol for this plan. However, this regulation severely impacts the lives of many disabled people.
“The ban on disposable plastic made plastic straws almost impossible to obtain.”
The ban on disposable plastic made plastic straws almost impossible to obtain. You might wonder why some people need plastic straws. Can they not just use a cup? Well, not everyone can. Some disabilities require people to lay down. Or maybe, one can not properly hold a cup as they do not have the physical skills, the strength, or they simply have no hands. Straws play a large part in giving independence to these people. There are currently no safe alternatives. Most reusable straws are hard to clean, especially if one struggles with fine motor skills. Glass and metal straws alike could severely harm the user if not used correctly. And silicon straws are a breeding ground for germs and bacteria, which is dangerous to people with a compromised immune system. So right now, people dependant on plastic straws are at a loss. But what can I do? Well, it starts with awareness. When one is unaware of the problem, one cannot begin to solve it. Therefore, it is important to spread awareness. Besides, as an able-bodied person, it is hard to think from the perspective of a person with disabilities, so it is crucial to talk to experts to gain perspective. This is also true when it comes to designing. Inclusive design should be the standard, and sustainable design should not neglect a part of the population. One should consider that certain people are dependent on a product even if you deem it unsustainable and unnecessary. Therefore, it is essential to engage with various people from the beginning of your process to make a design that is accessible for all. Because in the end, should a sustainable design not be a design that works for all people?
To learn more about ableism, visit their socials or website @feministsagainstableism. 3
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I D PAGES
March 2022 | turn the page
IDstrology by Julia Sim
Aries Woah, Aries, slow down. All these activities seem to cloud your mind and your ability to organise your week. Maybe steal some post-it notes from a classmate and transform your room into a true IDE studio by placing the post-its all around your room for inspiration. Probably not the best way to organise, but it sure is fun, right?
Leo Hey Leo! Whether it is ID Kafee, a random studio, or even huge lectures, you always seem to be the centre of the attention. Has the spotlight gone to your head, or do you not consider yourself famous around here yet? Make sure not to bother your roommates too much with all these house parties you are throwing!
Sagittarius Wonderful Sag, you are truly the life of the party right now. Hence, you have not been very present during the 8:45 lectures or any lecture really. Next time, try bringing your 1.5L sized water bottle to alleviate the headache and bring some fruit! Fruit always helps.
Cancer Dear Cancer, I reccomend you stop crying. Sure, we are all disappointed that SkID could not last forever, but you have to move on. Go back to your roots and find what you genuinely enjoy. Whether it is drawing, tinkering with materials, or even building something. Get your scissors, tape, and glue and have some fun.
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Pisces Sweet, sweet Pisces, how are you holding up? Maybe after yet another dream about your breakthrough with an interesting kitchen product or a delivery service bringing world peace, it is time to realise it. Take matters into your own hands instead of staring into the invisible sky through the windows of your drawing studio. Go outside, own the sky. It is yours, after all.
ID PAG ES
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Scorpio Scorpio, the world has not been on your side lately. You should focus on the beautiful things in life instead of complaining about everything bad. Try completing your stamp card at Coffee star with amazing oat milk cappuccinos, participate in some wonderful ID activities and enjoy some off time with your friends!
Taurus Dear Taurus, are you still recovering from SkID? You are not the only one. Like no other, you know how every holiday should have an after-holiday (which should be the length of probably the entire year). However, life goes on. Cheer up! Most importantly, group work does not wait, do not be THAT group member. Treat yourself to a nice sandwich from Canteen and let us get some work done.
Capricorn Capricorn Capricorn, maybe you should visit ID Kafee more often? Or any other social event? You know university is not only about studying, right? Be my guest and try to outdrink your friends for once. Maybe you should even try to ring the bell at ID Kafee because nothing is wrong with going all out once in a while.
Gemini Gemini, you have not been very nice lately, have you? Have all these group projects drained your social battery, and does everyone seem annoying to you now? Maybe try meeting your classmates outside of the faculty sometime; seeing them in a different setting strengthens your bond!
Libra Dear Libra, a little birdie told me you found love, or better still you are about to find love! Take your chances by inviting this special someone for many breaks during lectures, workgroups, and workshops. Make sure to walk by studios 20/21/22 because the longer the walk, the more time spent with them.
Virgo Virgo! Do you by any chance have a free spot in the upcoming four months? No? Yes, that is what I thought. Maybe it is about time you took care of yourself a little bit more (in any way you think is fitted). Check out the BABE+ and get some alone time, you are only human after all.
Aquarius Aquarius! Your outfits have been amazing lately, but could they even be better? Consider nothing to be too crazy; fashion is about rebellion, after all. Check out this edition’s article on Crocs; this is your sign to buy some and express yourself with amazing Jibbitz.
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C ULINARY
March 2022 | turn the page
For 4 servings This quinoa with tempeh, chickpeas, and lemon tahini recipe is completely vegan and will give you a great vitamin boost. Have fun cooking this meal and bon appétit! by Roisin Bonis
e is about 1 hour g tim n i ok Co
Preparation
1. Make the marinade for the tempeh: Crush the garlic cloves and mix together with the juice of the 2 lemons, 8 tbsp olive oil, ¾ tbsp Ras el hanout, 1 tsp coriander powder, 1 tsp cumin powder and some salt and pepper according to taste. Cut the tempeh into around 3 x 3 cm pieces and mix with the marinade in an oven dish or in a Ziploc bag and put aside for at least an hour. 2. Preheat the oven to 220°C. Drain and rinse the chickpeas, put them in a bowl along with the paprika powder, some olive oil, pepper, and salt and mix well. wSpread them on a baking sheet. Bake for 36
Canned chickpeas Quinoa Tempeh Avocado Broccoli Lemon Fresh coriander A few sprigs of thyme Powdered paprika
600g 250g 300g 1 1 1 15g 1 1
For the tempeh marinade Garlic cloves 4 Lemons 2 Olive oil 8 tbsp Ras el hanout ¾ tbsp Coriander powder 1tsp Cumin powder 1 tsp Salt and pepper 1 For the tahini dressing Tahini 8 tbsp Honey 2 tbsp Lemon 1 Olive oil 6 tbsp Water d Salt and pepper 1 15 minutes and then check on them. Put them in for 7 more minutes or until brown and crispy. 3. Chop the broccoli in small pieces. Put the broccoli on a baking sheet and drizzle with some olive oil, the lemon juice of 1 lemon and a few sprigs of thyme. Roast the broccoli at 220°C for 15 minutes. 4. Put the marinated tempeh in a frying pan and fry until crispy. Prepare the quinoa according to the package. 5. For the tahini dressing: mix 8 tbsp tahini with 3-4 tbsp water, 2 tbsp honey and
the lemon juice of 1 lemon squeezed. Mix together and then see if it needs more honey or more lemon (this depends on your taste). 6. Cut the avocado into slices and chop the coriander fine. 7. Serve by first putting the quinoa in a bowl, then the broccoli, chickpeas, and the tempeh. For the topping, put ¼ avocado sliced on each portion and top of with the fresh cut coriander and drizzle ¼ of the tahini dressing on top. 3
H UTSPOT
March 2022 | turn the page
H utspot Foreplay is all about playing with each other’s senses. Touching, feeling, hearing, looking, peeking, and staring. That is why this Hutspot’s theme is ‘sensory pleasure’, featuring art and design, which is supposed to tickle your senses. It is all about pleasurable sensations. by Liselot Roijakkers
Condomerie
Are you done with foreplay? Or on the lookout for some new sensations? Then the ‘condomerie’ in Amsterdam might be the place for you. Being the first condom speciality store, they offer every shape, size, colour, taste, smell, and texture of condom that you might desire. They aim to turn the ‘mood-killing rubber’ into a fun pleasurable addition. Visit their store in Amsterdam or do some online browsing if you prefer a more private setting.
) www.condomerie.com Smelly art
On display in the Van Abbemuseum right now is the collection called ‘delinking and relinking’. This collection features 120 pieces of art, and it invites you to experience art differently. It is the first multi-sensory collection in the Netherlands, as you can smell, touch, or listen to the art pieces. Besides being a play for your senses, it is accessible to a wide audience, including those who are visually impaired or hard of hearing.
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www.vanabbemuseum.nl
Foam cabinet
Dutch designer Dewi van de Klomp designed a series of soft cabinets made of foam. She is fascinated with soft and squishy materials. Her designs are not made with practicality in mind and are meant to test the boundaries of design. The floppy cabinets change shape with their contents making them seem almost alive.
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www.dewivandeklomp.nl
COLOFON CO LO F O N
turnthe turn thepage page| March | March 2022 2022
by Thom Jansen
Of ficial body of ID Volume 23 / Issue 79 March 2022 Turn The Page is issued three times a year. Contac t ID study association Landbergstraat 15 2628 CE Delf t +31 (0)15 2783012 www.svid.nl Comments, questions, compliments and remarks can be sent to: turnthepage-svid@tudelf t.nl Issues 2500 Copies Press Opmeer papier pixels projec ten T TP Thanks Xandra Koster, Maurits Willemen, Sijia Bakker Wu, Mark van Iterson, Gilber t Cur tessi, Mar ten van Middelkoop, Joost Dingemans, Johannes Langkamp, Esther Lokhorst, Christiaan de Jong, Peter de Groot and Marc de Kool Subscription/adver tisement Members of ID receive Turn The Page free of charge. A yearly subscription costs €9,50 (3 issues). Want a subscription or publish an advert? Please contact turnthepage-svid@tudelft.nl Copyright The committee has strived to own the copyrights of the included texts and images. However, if you believe you own the rights to a piece that has been used, we request you to contact us. Nothing from this issue can be reproduced. The committee claims the right to shorten, alter or refuse submitted pieces. The Communication department of the IDE faculty has contributed to this Turn The Page.
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Every action you take is a vote for the type of person you wish to become