US SAILING’S STEM EDUCATION SERIES
Educator Guide
Middle School Modules 1-10 The National Standard in Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) with the Sport of Sailing
US Sailing’s STEM Education Series
Educator Guide Middle School Modules 1-10
The National Standard in Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) with the Sport of Sailing.
Published by the UNITED STATES SAILING ASSOCIATION. Copyright © 2013 by the UNITED STATES SAILING ASSOCIATION except for pages 112-120 that were produced by NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, and found at (http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/edu-/lessonplans/media/hdwe_56_wetmaps.pdf), which are U.S. Government works not protected under this title. All rights reserved. ISBN # 978-1-938915-18-5 US Sailing recommends all on the water training be administered by US Sailing Certified Instructors. It should be understood that the application of the information in this book be adapted to fit each individual and situation taking into account the ability and experience of each student, weather, location, and proper safety precautions. The images used in the book were provided by: Community Boating Center in Providence, Rhode Island; New England Science and Sailing in Stonington, Connecticut; Life Sail in Van Nuys, California; Community Boating Center Lake Champlain, Vermont; and Edison Sailing Center in Fort Myers, Florida as well as those owned by US Sailing. Printed in the United States of America. UNITED STATES SAILING ASSOCIATION P.O. Box 1260, 15 Maritime Drive, Portsmouth, RI 02871-6015 www.ussailing.org
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................4 US Sailing......................................................................................................................................6 Introduction..................................................................................................................................7 How To Use This Guide...........................................................................................................8 How Do I Implement REACH.................................................................................................9 REACH Implementation Designs....................................................................................10 Program Formats..............................................................................................................10 REACH Instructional Designs......................................................................................... 11 Case Studies..................................................................................................................... 11 Inquiry-Based Instruction......................................................................................................14 The Benefits of Inquiry-Based Instruction.......................................................................14 Criteria for Successful Inquiry.........................................................................................14 Key Components of the Inquiry Process.........................................................................15 Networking and Community Resources..........................................................................16 Module 1 Measuring Wind......................................................................................................17 Part I What Do We Know About Wind? ...............................................................................19 Part II Identify Wind Clues....................................................................................................19 Part III Making A Wind Anemometer ...................................................................................20 Part IV Measuring Wind in Multiple Locations....................................................................21 Part V Beaufort Wind Scale...................................................................................................22 Students Sheets 1-5..........................................................................................................24 Module 2 Buoyancy.................................................................................................................31 Part I Sink or Float ................................................................................................................33 Part II Clay Boats...................................................................................................................35 Part III Hull Shape.................................................................................................................35 Part IV Boat Design Challenge..............................................................................................37 Student Sheet 1................................................................................................................39 Module 3 Sail Area and Perimeter.........................................................................................41. Part I Features of Sails...........................................................................................................43 Part II Measuring Surface Area of Sails................................................................................43 Part III Sail Area on the Water...............................................................................................45 Part IV Pythagorean’s Theorem ............................................................................................45 Student Sheets 1-3............................................................................................................47 Module 4 Simple Machines on Sailboats...............................................................................51 Part I Simple Machines on your Boat....................................................................................54
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Table of Contents
Part II Simple Machines Scavenger Hunt..............................................................................54 Part III Identifying Load and Effort.......................................................................................55 Part IV 1:1 vs. 4:1 Purchase Systems....................................................................................56 Student Sheets 1-2............................................................................................................60 Module 5 Water Quality Testing.............................................................................................63 Part I Think Like a Scientist..................................................................................................66 Part II Water Testing..............................................................................................................67 Part III Comparing Different Locations and Depths..............................................................69 Student Sheets 1-2............................................................................................................71 Module 6 Marine Debris.........................................................................................................75 Part I Assessing Prior Knowledge..........................................................................................77 Part II Tides and Currents......................................................................................................78 Part III Decomposition Activity.............................................................................................79 Student Sheets 1-2............................................................................................................81 Module 7 Upwind Sailing Angles............................................................................................85 Part I Upwind Sailing.............................................................................................................87 Part II Over-Rotating Through Tacks....................................................................................88 Part III Pulling it All Together...............................................................................................88 Student Sheets 1-2............................................................................................................89 Module 8 Land and Sea Breezes.............................................................................................93 Part I It’s a Breeze..................................................................................................................95 Part II Air Temperature over Water vs. Land.........................................................................96 Part III Using NOAA Buoy Data...........................................................................................96 Student Sheets 1-3............................................................................................................97 Module 9 Wind Power...........................................................................................................101 Part I How Do We Use the Wind?.......................................................................................103 Part II Air Foils and Wind Turbines.....................................................................................104 Part III Pulling it all Together on the Water.........................................................................105 Student Sheet 1..............................................................................................................107 Module 10 Underwater Exploration....................................................................................109 Part I Underwater Scientists................................................................................................. 111 Part II Multibeam Mapping by NOAA................................................................................ 112 Part III Build an ROV.......................................................................................................... 114 Students Sheets 1-4........................................................................................................ 116 National Standards Correlation Charts.................................................................................123 Glossary....................................................................................................................................125
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Module 3
Module 3: sail area and perimeter What shape are sails and why?
Learn Sailing Right! Beginner Chapter 2 & Intermediate Chapter 3
Subject Areas
Math (Pythagorean Theorem, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, Conversion, Area and Perimeter) Physical Science
Summary
Students examine why most sails today are triangular in shape. They will investigate the properties of a right triangle, compute and compare sail area, and perimeter.
Duration
Lesson Time: Part I: 20 minutes Part II: 40 minutes Part III: 120 minutes Part IV: 40 minutes
Skills
Measuring, Computing, Collecting and Organizing Data, Estimating Measurements, Calculating Area
Sailing Skills
Rigging, Know your Boat, Parts of a Sail, Sail Shape and Control of the Boat, Basic Science of How a Sail Works
Vocabulary
Right Triangle, Hypotenuse, Leg, Pythagorean Theorem, Surface Area, Luff, Leech, Trade Winds, Foot.
Standards
See Standards Correlation Charts related to the National Standards. Common Core Standards relate to mathematics and the K-12 Framework for Science Education relate to Science.
Objectives
Students will: u Measure the area of a triangle. u Compute Pythagorean Theorem. u Review the parts of a triangle base, height, and hypotenuse. u Identify the parts of a sail, head, foot, luff, and leech. u Compare the sail area of a main sail and a jib sail.
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Sail Area and Perimeter Materials
• One de-rigged instructional boat. • Dinghy Main Sail (1 per group of 3) • Dinghy Jib Sail ( 1 per group of 3) • One Design Sail (1 per group of 3) • Clipboards (1 per group) • Measuring tape (1 per group of 3) • Students sheets (1 per student) • Calculators (1 per group)
Sailing Centers
Complete Parts I and II on day 1, with a lesson on rigging and de-rigging. Complete Part III on day 2. Students measure and calculate sail area and perimeter and then apply that knowledge to their sailing. The primary goal of this lesson is for students to connect math and sailing with engineering and design.
Formal Classroom Settings
Complete Parts I on day 1, review the classification of triangles with students. Have them practice solving problems using a square to find the area of a triangle. Complete Part II on day 2. You will need to contact your local sailing center to borrow a few sails. The size of the sail and the condition of the sail does not matter. Omit Part III. Implementent Part IV on day 4 and the Extension Activity on day 5.
Career Connection
Sail Designers, Marine Surveyors, Architects, Engineers, and even construction workers need to know geometry. Have students interview any of the previously listed professionals. Inviting a marine surveyor to bring in blue prints or CAD drawings they may be working on is a great connection for students. Please see the video links in reference to North Sails in the Resource section of the Module.
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