SENIOR COMPLEX
CONTINUING CARE RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES MAE CHAN, CHAING RAI
1 SUCHAYA CHINDAKUL
1
2
3
4
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
USER & PROGRAM ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPT & DESIGN
TIMELINE OF THAI ELDERLY AGING SITUATION SENIOR COMPLEX
3
o P er
Eld
i n a rg
Pr O e t iva
2025 Aged Society in Thailand
n o i t a z i n Orga
a l u p
it on
2017 First Senior Complex Bang Pli, Samut Prakarn
Child n o i t a l Popu
2016 ‘Senior Complex’
t n e m n Gover
2009 Reliance > Working
2005 Aging Society in Thailand
6
2002 Thailand Elderly Development Plan
1953 ‘Baan Bang Kae’ First Elderly Shelter
PROJECT INTRODUCTION TIMELINE OF THAI ELDERLY
SENIOR COMPLEX
z n o i at
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
SITUATION IN THAILAND
SENIOR COMPLEX
AGING SOCIETY 60 year-old > 10 % 65 year-old > 7 %
IN 8 YEARS
AGED SOCIETY 60 year-old > 20 % 65 year-old > 14 %
SUPER-AGED SOCIETY
65 year-old > 20 % 12
FROM 2017
10.4 %
AGING SOCIETY IN 2005
20 % AGED SOCIETY IN 2025
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
SITUATION IN THAILAND
SENIOR COMPLEX
14.8 % 16
26.6 %
BIRTH RATE 3.2 % DEATH RATE 2.8 %
58.6 %
REDUCTION OF
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
SITUATION IN THAILAND
SENIOR COMPLEX
2 EGISTE
SELFCARE
R UN
10 M.
M.EN 1.B3EDRIDD
M. RED
800 K
ELDERLY IN THAILAND
19
SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGE
IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE
PAY ATTENTION
ECONOMIC STIMULUS
+
+
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
PROJECT OWNER
SENIOR COMPLEX
ROYAL THAI GOVERNMENT
22
THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT
MAE-CHAN HOSPITAL
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
PROJECT LOCATION
SENIOR COMPLEX
Chaing Rai Sri Kham, Mae Chan Chaing Mai
Nan
Mahasarakham Suphanburi Samutprakarn Prachuap Kiri Khan
Suratthani
25
Nakornnayok Chonburi
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
PROJECT COMPARISON
SENIOR COMPLEX
KAMALA RESORT
PRIVATE ORGANIZATION
JIN WELLBEING COUNTY JIRUNG HEALTH VILLAGE SCANDINAVIAN VILLAGE WELLNESS CITY
GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
MCKEAN REHABILITATION CENTER SENIOR COMPLEX SAVANGKANIVES BAAN BANG KAE INDEPENDENT LIVING ASSISTED LIVING ALZHIMER CARE NURSING HOME HOSPICE CARE
31
INNITIAL FEE
1.5 M
COMMON FEE
15,000
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
PILOT PROJECT
SENIOR COMPLEX
1ST SENIOR COMPLEX BANG PLI, SAMUTPRAKARN : 72 RAI
SENIOR HOUSING ZONE 20 RAI HOSPICE ZONE 32 RAI
50 %
35 % NURSING CARE ZONE 10 RAI
15 % 36
MAIN USER Independent Living (850) Assisted Living (60) Nursing Care (60) Day Care (200) SUB USER Medical Staff (160) Therapist (48) Assistant (300) Guests PROGRAM Senior Residences Intermediate Care Unit Day Care Center Home Care Center Recreation and Rehabilitation Center Health Center Hospice Center Education and Training Center Research Center
37
1
2
3
4
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
USER & PROGRAM ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPT & DESIGN
DEFINITION OF ELDERLY PERSON SPECIFICATION OF ELDERLY TYPES OF USER DESIGN THEORY PROGRAM FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
USER ANALYSIS
DEFINITION OF ELDERLY PERSON
SENIOR COMPLEX
UN classification defines
the Elderly Population
as 60 plus years IN 2017
10
MILLION
16 %
ELDERLY PERSON IN THAILAND = OF THAI POPULATION
41
USER ANALYSIS
SPECIFICATION OF ELDERLY PERSON
SENIOR COMPLEX
SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
EMOTIONAL
PHYSICAL
DETERIORATION IN ELDERLY 46
USER ANALYSIS
SPECIFICATION OF ELDERLY PERSON
SENIOR COMPLEX
SELF ACTUALIZATION
SELF - FULLFILLMENT NEEDS
ESTEEM LOVE AND BELONGING
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS
SAFETY PHYSIOLOGICAL
BASIC NEEDS
HIERACHY OF NEEDS 55
USER ANALYSIS
SPECIFICATION OF ELDERLY PERSON
SENIOR COMPLEX
BRAIN
VISION
SMELLING
HEARING INTERNAL ORGANS
SKIN
MUSCLE & BONE
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 56
USER ANALYSIS
SPECIFICATION OF ELDERLY PERSON
SENIOR COMPLEX
BIKING
1.5 KM EXERCISING
500 M
WALKING
100 M
WALKING SPEED 3 KM / HOUR EXERCISE 2 KM / DAY
WALKING DISTANT 61
USER ANALYSIS
USER ANALYSIS
SENIOR COMPLEX
MAIN USER ELDERLY RESIDENT 450
64
40 %
INDEPENDENT LIVING (300)
ASSISTED LIVING (60)
NURSING HOME CARE (30)
HOSPICE CARE (60)
SERVICE HEALTH SERVICE DAILY LIVING COMMUNITY OUTDOOR
SERVICE HEALTH SERVICE DAILY LIVING COMMUNITY OUTDOOR
SERVICE HEALTH SERVICE DAILY LIVING COMMUNITY OUTDOOR
SERVICE HEALTH SERVICE DAILY LIVING COMMUNITY OUTDOOR
73
USER ANALYSIS
USER ANALYSIS SENIOR COMPLEX
USER ANALYSIS
USER ANALYSIS
SENIOR COMPLEX
MAIN USER ELDERLY RESIDENT 450
76
SUB USER 40 % 40 %
STAFF 411
USER ANALYSIS
USER ANALYSIS
SENIOR COMPLEX
MEDICAL STAFF (150) Medical Staff Full-Time Doctor (5) Part-Time Doctor (5) Nurse (60) Nursing Assistant (65) Researcher (5) Pharmacist (5)
79
THERAPIST (48) Therapist Psychiatrist (4) Physiotherapist (16) Occupational Tp. (10) Patheologist (10) Dietition (2) Psychologist (2) Sports Scientist (2) Medical Sociologist (1) Medical Anthropologist (1)
ASSISTANT (213) Assistant Almoner (3) Assistant (100) Staff (50) Volunteer (60)
USER ANALYSIS
USER ANALYSIS
SENIOR COMPLEX
MAIN USER ELDERLY RESIDENT 450
SUB USER 40 %
TOTAL 40 %
1,061 PEOPLE 20 %
STAFF 411
GUEST 200
FOREIGNER RESIDENT < 49 % 83
USER ANALYSIS
DESIGN THEORY
SENIOR COMPLEX
UNIVERSAL DESIGN
84
CONTINUOUS CARE RETIREMENT CENTER (CCRC)
Age-Friendly Community Planning and Design
THERAPEUTIC GARDEN
STIMULUS AND SENSATION
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
SENIOR COMPLEX
SENIOR COMPLEX BANG PLI SAMUT PRAKARN
91
+
CONTEXT OF SITE
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
SENIOR COMPLEX
ST.
FISH CHICKEN GLASSCOMMUNITY POND COOP HOUSE
SYSTEM ROOM
PLANT NURSERY
FARM 8035 SQM
WATER SITE SERVICE ZONERETREAT 13185 SQM HELI PAD
WC
PARKING LOTS
WAITING LOUNGE
GARBAGE
MAIN MAIN ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
DROP OFF
KITCHEN
HERBAL AND VEGETATION FARM
LAUNDRY
SERVICE TRANSITION
ST. USER SERVICE STAFF HOUSING ZONE 3605 SQM CANTEEN
OFFICE
WC
AMPHI THEATRE
RECEPTION
GROCERY
WC
TRANSITION TO FACILITY
FACILITY ZONE EXHIBITION LAWN 6850 SQM RESTAURANT ST.
ST.
THERAPEUTIC PARK
ST.
SOVENIER SHOP
92
EXERCISE LAWN
PARK ZONE 9475 SQM
WC SUB SUB ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
EXER CISE ZONE SHOWER 2575 SQM
STAFF PARKING LOTS
ST. OFFICE HALL
WC
CENTER HALL
WC LIBRALY ART GALLERY MEDITATION CENTER
WC
LEARNING CLASSROOM HALL CENTERCLASSROOM 3915 SQM ART &
HANDICRAFT
CLASSROOM
MUSIC
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ZONE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
INPATIENT WC DEPARTMENT 1185 SQM IPD IP COMMON
CONSULT ROOM
TRANSITION TO HEALTH CENTER
ST.
HOSPICE ZONE HOSPICE RESIDENCE 3090 SQM
THERAPEUTIC GARDEN
CONTROL POINT
WC
ROOM
WC HOSPICE OFFICE
PHYSICAL THERAPY GARDEN
OFFICE
AREA
PHAR MACY HEALTH CENTERLAB 5170 SQM PSYCHOLOGICAL PHYSICAL
WC
ST.
CLASSROOM CLASSROOM
ST.
ER
THERAPY CENTER
WELCOMING INFO ZONEWELCOMING GARDEN 1495 SQM PANTRY
POOL
STAFF ROOM
INDEPENDENT LIVING RESIDENCE
TRANSITION TO RESIDENCE
ELDERLY RESIDENTIAL ZONE HOUSING OFFICESQM 24875 MULTIPURPOSED ROOM FIRST-AID ROOM
WC
DINING ROOM
ST.
ST.
ASSISTED RESIDENCE
STAFF ROOM
STAFF PARKING LOTS
STAFF RESIDENTIAL ZONE STAFF RESIDENCE 2780 SQM
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
SENIOR COMPLEX
ST. PLANT NURSERY
HELI PAD
SYSTEM ROOM
WATER RETREAT WC
PARKING LOTS
KITCHEN
SERVICE TRANSITION STAFF HOUSING
DROP OFF
INFO PANTRY
CHICKEN COOP
WC
ST.
WC 93
AMPHI THEATRE
ST.
ST.
THERAPEUTIC PARK
TRANSITION TO FACILITY EXHIBITION LAWN CENTER HALL
WC LIBRALY ART GALLERY MEDITATION CENTER
WC HALL ART & HANDICRAFT
CLASSROOM CLASSROOM CLASSROOM
MUSIC FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
IP ROOM
LAB
WC
TRANSITION TO HEALTH CENTER
ST.
HOSPICE RESIDENCE
THERAPEUTIC GARDEN WC
ST.
TRANSITION TO RESIDENCE
CLASSROOM CLASSROOM
WC
OFFICE IPD COMMON AREA
HOSPICE OFFICE
PHYSICAL THERAPY GARDEN
WC
WC PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSULT ROOM
CONTROL POINT
RECEPTION
RESTAURANT
OFFICE HALL
PHYSICAL THERAPY CENTER
ST.
SOVENIER SHOP
PHAR MACY
ST.
ER
ST.
EXERCISE LAWN
WELCOMING GARDEN
OFFICE
GROCERY
STAFF PARKING LOTS
CANTEEN
WC SUB ENTRANCE
POOL
STAFF ROOM
SHOWER
HERBAL AND VEGETATION FARM
LAUNDRY
WAITING LOUNGE
GARBAGE
MAIN ENTRANCE
GLASS HOUSE
FISH POND
ST.
ASSISTED RESIDENCE
HOUSING OFFICE
INDEPENDENT LIVING RESIDENCE
MULTIPURPOSED ROOM FIRST-AID ROOM
WC
DINING ROOM
ST.
STAFF ROOM
STAFF PARKING LOTS
STAFF RESIDENCE
94
1
2
3
4
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
USER & PROGRAM ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPT & DESIGN
LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY SURROUNDINGS AND LANDUSE BOUNDARIES EXISTING BUILDINGS VEGETATION AND ANIMAL SURFACE AND VISUAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY AND ZONING SITE POTENTIAL
SITE ANALYSIS
LOCATION ACCESSIBILITY
SENIOR COMPLEX
Mae Sai
Chaing Rai Sri Kham, Mae Chan
97
31 Km From Mueng Chaing Rai
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION MACRO SCALE
SENIOR COMPLEX
GROUNDWATER
LANDUSE
Flood Plain Deposit Aqifer 10 - 20 M Flood Plain Deposit Aqifer > 20 M GEOMORPHOLOGY
Qff : Sedimentary and Mortamorphic Cb : Igneous Qc : Sedimentary and Mortamorphic Tmm : Sedimentary and Mortamorphic 100 Trgr : Igneous
Community and Agriculture area Community area
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION FACILITY
SENIOR COMPLEX
M K 0
Huay Rai Christian Church (7.5KM)
Baan Sun Khong Learning Center (8KM)
1
M K 5 M K 5
1.
M Meung Klang Community 0 0
5
Phra-That Chom Sa Wan (8.5KM) Mae Chan School (1.5KM)
Kaad Lang (5KM)
Baan Pa Teung Hot Springs (9KM) Tad Thong Waterfall (10KM) 105
Mae Chan Hospital (8KM)
N
2 KM
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION SURROUNDING LANDUSE
SENIOR COMPLEX
MEUNG KLANG COMMUNITY
PHAHOLYOTHIN ROAD
PRIVATE PROPERTY
N
109
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION SITE BOUNDARIES AND AREA
SENIOR COMPLEX
30 M
34 M
30 M
130 M
60 M
43.5 RAI
M 112
110 M
55 M
50
M
57 236 M
68 M
M
52 M
39 M
106
70 M
50 M
23 M
5 15 25
105 M
50
125 M
52.5 RAI
80 M
37 M
45 M
120 M
45 M
71 M
96 M
20 M
50 M
67 M
70 M
50 M
105 M
42 M
96 RAI
M 0 6 30 M
135 M
100
N
200
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION EXISTING BUILDINGS
SENIOR COMPLEX
1
3
2
N
113
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION EXISTING BUILDINGS
SENIOR COMPLEX
1
116
2
3
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION EXISTING VEGETATION
SENIOR COMPLEX
N
119
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE INFORMATION VEGETATION
SENIOR COMPLEX
Albizia saman Diameter 12 m - 30 m
121
Mimusops elengi Diameter 5 m - 6 m
Mangifera indica Diameter 4 m - 6 m
Borassus flabellifer Height 10 m - 15 m
Terminalia catappa
Passiflora edulis
Musa sapientum
Cocos nucifera
Sesbania grandiflora
Acacia auriculiformis
Dimocarpus longan Diameter 4 m - 6 m
Bambusa blumeana
Carica papaya
SURFACE ANALYSIS TOPOGRAPHY
397 M
SITE ANALYSIS SENIOR COMPLEX
M 398
M 399
Meters Above Sea Level 397 - 398 398 - 399 399 - 400 400 - 401 398 M
400 M
400 M N
122
5 15 25
50
100
200
SURFACE ANALYSIS SLOPE
397 M
SITE ANALYSIS SENIOR COMPLEX
M 398
M 399
Slope (percent) 0 1-5 5-8 8 - 10 398 M
400 M
400 M N
123
5 15 25
50
100
200
SURFACE ANALYSIS RUNOFF SURFACE
397 M
SITE ANALYSIS SENIOR COMPLEX
M 398
M 399
400 M
398 M
400 M 399 M N
124
5 15 25
50
100
200
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
DITCH SECTION
SENIOR COMPLEX
0.5 M - 1 M 1M
DITCH BANK 4 M NATURAL DITCH 10 M
129
DITCH BANK 4 M
SITE ANALYSIS
VISUAL ANALYSIS POINT OF VIEW
SENIOR COMPLEX
1
2
4 3
1
2 3
4
N
133
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
VISUAL ANALYSIS POINT OF VIEW
SENIOR COMPLEX
1
5
2
4
5
2 1
6 3
6
3
7
7
4
N
140
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
VISUAL ANALYSIS POINT OF VIEW
SENIOR COMPLEX
1
5
2
6
6
7
5
4
3 2
1
3
7
4
N
147
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
ZONING ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTIC
SENIOR COMPLEX
7 1
5
5
6
4 2
9
3
8
N
148
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE SUMMARY
SENIOR COMPLEX
N
155
5 15 25
50
100
200
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE POTENTIAL
SENIOR COMPLEX
156
A
B
C
D
E
MAIN ENTRANCE
SUB ENTRANCE
WELCOMING ZONE 1495 SQM
SITE SERVICE ZONE 13185 SQM
USER SERVICE ZONE 3605 SQM
F
G
H
I
J
PARK ZONE 9475 SQM
COMMUNITY FARM 8035 SQM
EXERCISE ZONE 2575 SQM
FACILITY ZONE 6850 SQM
HEALTH CENTER 5170 SQM
K
L
M
N
O
LEARNING CENTER 3915 SQM
ELDERLY RESIDENTIAL ZONE 24875 SQM
INPATIENT DEPARTMENT 1185 SQM
HOSPICE ZONE 3090 SQM
STAFF RESIDENTIAL ZONE 2780 SQM
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE POTENTIAL
SENIOR COMPLEX
Crop Field Zone Forest Zone Ditch Zone Community Zone Buildings Zone Road Zone
1
5700 SQM
4
2
J
F G H I
A B C D E
3
5
4800 SQM
5
K L M N O
6
7 4700 SQM
16200 SQM
5400 SQM
18500 SQM
8
24500 SQM
9
4850 SQM
38400 SQM
30200 SQM
N
157
5 15 25
50
100
200
167
1
2
3
4
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
USER & PROGRAM ANALYSIS
SITE ANALYSIS
CONCEPT & DESIGN CONCEPT MASTERPLAN DIAGRAM DETAIL PERSPECTIVE
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
CONCEPT
SENIOR COMPLEX
AGELESS BODY 171
MIND
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
MASTERPLAN
SENIOR COMPLEX
N
MASTERPLAN 172
5 15 25
50
100
200
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
ZONING
SENIOR COMPLEX
STAFF AREA
PROMENADE
HEALTH CENTER RESIDENTIAL
EXERCISE PARK
PLANT NURSERY
FACILITY
COMMUNITY FARM WELCOMIMG
184
MAIN HALL
LEARNING CENTER
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
CIRCULATION
SENIOR COMPLEX
EXERCISING ROUTE
RESTING POINT
SERVICE CIRCULATION EMERGENCY CIRCULATION EMERGENCY STATION
MAIN CIRCULATION
191
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
STREETSCAPE
SENIOR COMPLEX
197
APPROACH
EXERCISING
BRIDGE
CROSSING
GREEN WAY
PROMENADE
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN SENIOR COMPLEX
1 CARETAKER GREEN AREA 60 SQM.
1 RESIDENT
COMMON AREA 202
RESIDENTIAL AREA 24 SQM.
2:1
RESIDENTIAL AREA
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
PLANTING CONCEPT
SENIOR COMPLEX
RESIDENTIAL : REFLEXOLOGY Thyrsostachys siamensis Millingtonia hortensis Lagerstoemia tomentosaWrightia antidysenterica SERVICE : SCREEN - USEFUL Dendrocalamus asper
Pterocarpus macrocarpus
Tectona grandis
Spondias pinnata
Mesua ferrea
Dipterocarpus alatus
HEALTH CENTER : MEDICAL PLANTS Terminalia bellerica
Tinospora crispa
Castanopsis tribuloidesCinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum verum
WELCOMING : SPARSE Quercus kingiana
207
Cassia bakeriana
Pinus kesiya
Cassia fistula x Cassia javanica
Tithonia diversifolia
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN SENIOR COMPLEX
BLUE AND GREEN LINKAGE
211
PLANTING CONCEPT
CONCEPT AND MASTERPLAN
MATERIALS
SENIOR COMPLEX
WOOD SHINGLE TURF BLOCK
STONE 212
ASPHALT
TERAZZO
EDPM
ARTIFICIAL WOOD
CONCRETE
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL I
SENIOR COMPLEX
COMMUNITY FARM +0.00
+0.05
WELCOMING LOUNGE
+0.10
+ 0.10
POND
WL -0.10 BL -1.30 +0.20 OFFICE
+ 0.10
GLASS HOUSE
+ 0.20
N
217
1 5 10 20
50
100
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL I
SENIOR COMPLEX
COMMUNITY FARM
218
Albizia saman
Tinospora crispa
Musa acuminata
Diplazium esculentum
Cymbopogon citratus
Aspidistra sutepensis
Tamarindus indica
Pithecellobium dulce
Protium serratum
Zingiber officinale
Piper sarmentosum
Anethum graveolens
Lasia spinosa
Dimocarpus longan
Areca catechu
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL II
SENIOR COMPLEX
RESIDENTIAL AND PROMENADE + 0.10
RUNNING AND BIKING ROUTE
+ 0.10
+ 0.15
+ 0.10
+ 0.10 + 0.10
POND
WL -0.20 BL -1.40
+0.00
+ 0.10
N
222
1 5 10 20
50
100
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL II
SENIOR COMPLEX
RESIDENTIAL AND PROMENADE
224
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL II
SENIOR COMPLEX
RESIDENTIAL AND PROMENADE
225
Cratoxylum cochinchinense Holarrhena pubescens
Albizia saman
Bombax ceiba
Heliconia
Calathea (Aublet) G. Meyer.
Alocasia macrorrhizos
Ficus benghalensis
Caryota mitis
Spondias mombin
Licuala grandis
Epipremnum aureum
Canna indica
Adiantum trapeziforme L.
Asplenium nidus.
Cyathea podophylla
Afzelia xylocarpa
Salix tetrasperma
Syzygium cumini
Nauclea orientalis
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL III
SENIOR COMPLEX
LEARNING CENTER
MUSIC STUDIO
+ 0.75
CLASSROOM
+ 0.75
+ 0.70
ART AND CRAFT STUDIO
+ 0.75
COOPERATIVE
+ 0.15
RESTAURANT
+ 0.60
+ 0.10
+ 0.55
LIBRALY
+ 0.10
+ 0.10 + 0.10
233
+ 0.15
+0.00
N 1 5 10 20
50
100
CONCEPT AND DESIGN
DETAIL III
SENIOR COMPLEX
LEARNING CENTER
Albizia saman
Cinnamomum camphora
Murraya paniculata
Dracaena loureiri
Hibiscus syriacus
Wrightia religiosa
Tithonia diversifolia
Cochlospermum religiosum
Plumbago auriculata
Monstera deliciosa Liebm
Lagerstroemia indica
Schoutenia glomerata King
Bauhinia variegata
Shorea roxburghii 234
Calliandra Haematocephala
235
236
237
238
239
THANK YOU 240