2018
Sustainable Urban Dynamics | Autumn 2018
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Sustainable Urban Design Master’s Program
School of Architecture Lund University Autumn 2018
2018
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Sustainable Urban Design Master’s Program
School of Architecture Lunds Tekniska HĂśgskola Lund University P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden +46 46 222 00 00 www.stadsbyggnad.lth.se
AxSUD
Ax:son Johnson Institute for Sustainable Urban Design Lund University
Partner Universities
Southwest Jiaotong University, School of Architecture and Design, Chengdu, China Beijing Jiantong University, School of Architecture, Beijing, China Kunming University of Science and Technology, School of Architecture and City Planning, Kunming, China Nanjing Tech University, School of Architecture, Nanjing, China Peking University, College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
Book Editor
Atanaska Foteva
Cover Graphics
Teresa Arana
Photo Credits
Atanaska Foteva, Andreas Olsson
Contents Introduction 5
Foreword
6
People
8
Course Outline
10
Course Goals and Objectives
12
Working Process
16
Site Context
20
Design Site Workshop
24
Study Trip and Collaborative Workshop
30
Workshop Results Projects
40
Continuity and Change
42
Threaded Dujiangyan
46
Open Campus - New Melting Point of Dujiangyan
48
Work Local
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50
2
by Agne Tamasauskaite by Alice Lemaire
by Allamah YQ Salim by Amanda Leo
Dujiangyan - Spaces and Sequences
by Anna Nรถtzel
52
Craft City
54
Linear Dujiangyan
56
The Transition of Public Space
58
Intangible Cultural Heritage City in Dujinagyan
60
Redefine Urban Block
62
Downtown Dujiangyan
64
by Anna-Maria Hilmersson by Arnau Valero i Carrasco by Astrid Steen by Au Siu Pang
by Bunheng Phon by Camilla Gรถller
Wetland Parks and Shopping Malls
by Clara Emilsson
66
Slow City
68
Dujiangyan Wetland Park
70
Connecting Green
74
Intertwined Dujiangyan
76
Coexist Dujiangyan
78
Dujiangyan Connections
80
Tian Shui Zhai Lin
84
Dujiangyan: Connect, Meet and Mingle
86
Exploring the Grid
88
Towards Spatial Equity
90
Farming Together
92
Young Old Dujiangyan
94
Public Spaces in Dujiangyan
96
New Approach to Improved Air Quality
98
Planning for Sustainable Communities
100
Street scape x Season scape
104
Dujiangyan: The Sponge City
106
Vibrant Dujiangyan
108
A Path for Dujiangyan
110
IntenCity
114
Downtown Dujiangyan
116
Contextual Dujiangyan
118
Street Life in Dujiangyan
by Daniel Oliviusson by David Larsson
by Denise Ünveren
by Dominika Misterka by Emeline Lex by Emilie Roos
by Fernando Camino by Fruzsina Stefan
by Inger Kirstin Rahbek by Jasmina McKenna
by Jose Maria Castillo
by Karolina Potoczniak
by Kristina Simkunaite by Lili Smith by Lise Rask by Mai Torii
by Marcin Zebrowski
by Margaretha Liliana Situmorang by Maria Pieltain Garcia by Martin Näf by Mathilde Severinsen
by Michael Schæfer
SUDes 2018
by Mathew Green
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Contents
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Projects
4
120
Open City2
122
RRR Dunjiangyan
124
Where Space Becomes Place
126
Pedestrian Connection
128
Balanced Dujiangyan
130
A Place To Stay
132
Knowledge Cluster
134
Bamboost
136
The Forest City
138
Linear Spaces
142
A New Village Life In Dujiangyan
146
Exhibition
148
Challenging Tomorrow
by Mindaugas Staniunas by Nadja Jeppsson by Norwin Faria
by Rebecca O’Connor
by Rebekka Guðmundsdóttir by Solene Thierry by Teresa Arana by Tony Nielsen by Valentina Glavica by Victor Ohlsson by Wenying Ma
During the autumn term of 2018, an international group of students participated in the advanced course Sustainable Urban Dynamics and its complementary theory course Urban Dynamics - Theory and Methods, focusing on creating a sustainable vision for Dujiangyan. The aim of the design course was to challenge the existing development trends in China and propose an alternative sustainable future for the design site in the city of Dujiangyan in Sichuan Province, China.
Students focused on questions of urban development and sustainability in the context of China, globalization effects on the existing and new cities and the development of a holistic multi-scalar design process. These themes were explored throughout the whole semester in various seminars, guest lectures, and project tutorials with the goal that each student explores and presents a ‘context sensitive’ urban design proposal for the transformation of the assigned design site.
As part of the course, the class took a study trip to Chengdu and Dujiangyan and completed a collaborative workshop in Chengdu with graduate students from Schools of Architecture, Design and City Planning from Beijing Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University and Peking University. During the two-week stay, the students received background on their design projects, input from the municipality, collected data on the design site and explored the possibilities of its development through the visionary group proposals presented at the workshop. Upon returning from China, the students spent seven weeks developing their individual design proposals.
The student projects were presented on the 11th and 12th of December 2018, to the international jury at the School of Architecture in Lund. This course booklet presents the overview of the design process of the design studio and introduces 46 unique individual works as result of the semester.
For further information on the course and the International Master’s Program please visit our website at www.stadsbyggnad.lth.se. SUDes 2018
Introduction
Foreword
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Introduction
People SUDes Team:
Guest Teachers:
Peter Siöström Associate Professor Director of SUDes Master’s Program Sustainable Urban Design
Fiona de Heer, Landscape Architect /Urban Designer Helene Koch, Landscape Architect and Artist, Helene Koch Katerina Vondrova, Architect /Urban Designer, Mandaworks Pär Gustafsson, Landscape Architect, SLU Alnarp
Andreas Olsson Architect Course Leader
Guest Lecturers:
Atanaska Foteva Architect / Urban Designer Teaching Assistant
Fiona de Heer, Landscape Architect /Urban Designer Jens Peter Nielsen, Architect, ADEPT Jonna Ekholm, Achitect /Urban Designer, Gehl Martin Arfalk, Landscape Architect, Mandaworks Simon Sjökvist, Architect, COBE Qiang Sheng, Associate Professor, Beijing Jiaotong University
Guest Critics: Cyril Pavlu, Architect /Urban Designer, Mandaworks Delia Moldoveanu, Urban Designer, &Rundquist Fiona de Heer, Landscape Architect /Urban Designer Helene Koch, Landscape Architect and Artist, Helene Koch Jenny B. Osuldsen, Ax:son Johnson Guest Professor, Landscape Architect, Snøhetta Katerina Vondrova, Architect /Urban Designer, Mandaworks Linus Zhang, Associate Professor, Lund University Martin Arfalk, Landscape Architect, Mandaworks Pär Gustafsson, Landscape Architect, SLU Alnarp Simon Sjökvist, Architect, COBE
Workshop Participants: Peter Siöström Associate Professor Director of SUDes Master’s Program Sustainable Urban Design Andreas Olsson Architect Course Leader Workshop Leader/ Workshop Tutor Zhu Yuanyou Lecturer School of Architecture and Design, Southwest Jiaotong University Workshop Co-Leader
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Sheng Qiang Associate Professor, Ph.D School of Architecture and Design, Beijing Jiaotong University Workshop Co-Leader/ Guest Critic
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Linus Zhang Associate Professor,Ph.D Division of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University Guest Critic/ Workshop Tutor Atanaska Foteva Architect / Urban Designer Teaching Assistant Workshop Assistant/ Workshop Tutor Fiona de Heer Landscape Architect/Urban Designer Workshop Assistant
Students:
IMAGE: TERESA ARANA
SUDes 2018
Agne Tamasauskaite, Lithuania Alice Lemaire, France Allamah YQ Salim, Indonesia Amanda Leo, Sweden Anna Nötzel, Germany Anna-Maria Hilmersson, Sweden Arnau Valero i Carrasco, Spain Astrid Steen, Sweden Au Siu Pang, Portugal Bunheng Phon, Cambodia Camilla Göller, Sweden Clara Emilsson, Sweden Daniel Oliviusson, Sweden David Larsson, Sweden Denise Ünveren, Sweden Dominika Misterka, Poland Emeline Lex, Canada Emilie Roos, Sweden Fernando Camino, Spain Fruzsina Stefan, Hungary Inger Kirstin Rahbek, Denmark Jasmina McKenna, Germany Jose Maria Castillo, Spain Karolina Potoczniak, Poland Kristina Simkunaite, Lithuania Lili Smith, United States Lise Rask, Denmark Mai Torii, Japan Marcin Zebrowski, Poland Margaretha Liliana Situmorang, Indonesia María Pieltain García, Spain Martin Näf, Brazil Mathilde Severinsen, Sweden Matthew Green, United Kingdom Michael Schæfer, Denmark Mindaugas Staniunas, Lithuania Nadja Jeppsson, Sweden Norwin Faria, Bangladesh Rebecca O’Connor, Ireland Rebekka Guðmundsdóttir, Iceland Solène Thierry, France Teresa Arana, Mexico Tony Nielsen, Sweden Valentina Glavica,Croatia Victor Ohlsson, Sweden Wenying Ma, China
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Course Outline Sustainable Urban Dynamics The course Sustainable Urban Dynamics and its complementary theory course Urban Dynamics - Theory and Methods make up the two thirds of the 3rd semester of the Sustainable Urban Design Master’s Program at School of Architecture at Lund University and are designed to engage in both theoretical discussions and spatial explorations through a semester-long design project that focuses on ‘the context sensitive design’ in China.
The course includes students enrolled in the architecture school, the SUDes Master’s Program, as well as Erasmus exchange students. Therefore, the course is filled with diversity, having students from a number of different countries and a number of professional backgrounds including planning, architecture, and landscape architecture.
The Sustainable Urban Dynamics studio is organized around an approach to urban design - ‘context sensitive design’. While the approach can be far-reaching, the studio focuses on three central theme aspects that will form the central driving forces for the theoretical discussions, investigative research, and design explorations.
These three key themes can be described as following:
1. Sustainability with Chinese Characteristics
This studio will demand that each student gain comprehensive knowledge about China’s history, geography and culture. Today China is a place of rapid change. It is of the utmost importance that each student becomes an expert in historical perspectives, cultural understanding, economic arguments and environmental situations of Dujiangyan and the whole country in order to discuss how to make China’s future more sustainable. Each of the solutions should, therefore, be uniquely grounded in the specific situation of China, Dujiangyan, and the local context of the design site.
2. Place Making in a Global World
Numerous critics have highlighted the generic and placeless qualities of globalized urban development. At the same time, proponents have applauded globalization and its qualities of connectivity. Throughout the course, theoretical readings initiating the students on the benefits and challenges of living in a global world will be introduced. The challenge for the students is to become experts on the discussions of globalisation’s effect on urban development and translate them it a design project that utilizes its context, speaks of the local qualities of the landscape, and shows how the architecture is specifically related to place and climate conditions.
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3. From Vision to Design
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The course demands that each of the students works from a holistic vision down to the detailed design. Students are encouraged to do this by continuously moving between scales and testing their ideas both on the site and in the studio. Throughout the semester they are exposed to techniques, working methods, and theoretical discussions that provide examples of how to master this needed transition. The goal is to provide an initial toolbox for the students that they will expand on while creating their own unique story lines. How to communicate their work - its global dimensions, its regional connections, and its unique sense of place - to the diverse audiences in Sweden and China is essential for their professional careers.
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SUDes 2018
Introduction
Course Goals and Objectives Sustainable Urban Dynamics Since the studio marks the 3rd semester of the master’s program, the expectations for this course are high. The students are expected to hit the ground running and to challenge themselves, to consistently bring a high level of energy, and to help the course to develop an atmosphere of collective innovation and continuous inspiration.
The goal of the teachers is to challenge the students, guide them throughout the semester and help them grow as urban designers. The hope is through seminars, tutorials, and critics to raise the level of students work by giving the opportunities to exercise the ability to critically discuss their own design work and better communicate the design intentions.
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Building with public place in addition to building
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E Street as public place
Courtyard as public place
Space in front of building as public place
Using coutyard as public place Space inside building as public place
S
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CONCEPT SHETCHES, PHASE 02: ALICE LEMAIRE, AMANDA LEO
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IMAGE: TERESA ARANA
The main key principles that we believe each of the students should strive to follow as they provide a framework for improving the design skills are as follows:
1. Produce
An emphasis was placed on actively producing material to explore the possibilities of the site. It has been a central belief of the studio that quality design work comes through thorough investigation, large quantities of design sketching, and reflection upon that work through open discussions and dialogue. In that way it has been our intention to make the studio a test-bed for new ideas and innovation.
2. Research
Parallel to production, research was integrated into each students individual design process. Either inspired by exemplary projects or by individual design sketches, research formed the foundation of each student’s proposal. Through this process, the student developed an unique design program and formed individual opinions on appropriate ‘context sensitive’ solutions. The research and theory also helped each student to develop their arguments within contemporary design discussion.
3. Push the Limits
Research and production were geared to push the limits and break down the existing boundaries in the practice of urban design today. It is this studio’s belief that in order to achieve sustainability, it is a must to explore emerging research, cross disciplinary boundaries, and envision innovative design solutions that help create a better future for all of us.
4. Refine + Detail
MODEL @ 1: 200 BY LILI SMITH
SUDes 2018
Focus and precision are keys to bringing an inspiring concept to reality. Implementation is the most critical phase in any design and its essential to pay attention to these details throughout the design process. Throughout the course, each student was asked to refine their work by utilizing drawing, modelling, and imagery to craft a project that speaks to the human dimension and convinces everyone that sustainability can be a tool to make a better world.
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Semester Structure The semester schedule was broken down into 5 parts, each ending in student presentations. The 6th and final part concluded the semester and provided the students a chance to improve and reflect upon their work. This structure allowed for the students to focus on specific components of their projects and design process as well as get feedback on a consistent basis.
In general, the structure worked from the large over-arching scale of globalization towards the development of design details within the final project. Each 3 week period required the students to go one step further in the development of their projects while at the same time bringing with them knowledge from their previous explorations.
Each period ended with student presentations to a jury that examined their progress and helped to push their work forwards. Through the guest critics comments and weekly individual tutorials, each students work grew in depth and detail in an attempt to tackle the challenges posed by the site and the course requirements.
Within each of the parts, the individual weeks had a rhythm to help structure the course work. Mondays and Tuesdays were typically reserved for seminars, lectures, and tutorials to provided inspiration and feedback for each student’s on-going work. On Wednesdays the students were given studio time to develop their projects based on the assigned tasks.
KICK OFF
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GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
IN SEARCH OF CONCEPT
PHASE 01
PHASE 02
W37
Sep 03 - Sep 04 Pre-course assignment 00
STUDY TRIP Sustainable Urban Dynamics
W41
Working Process
Oct 09 sentation 02
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INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
PHASE 03 W42
W43
W44
Oct 30-31 Formal Tutorial 03
W38
W39
W40
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
PHASE 04
PHASE 05
W46
Nov 13-14 Mid-term Review Presentation 04
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
PHASE 03 W41
W42
W47
W48
W44
Oct 30-31 Formal Tutorial 03
COMPLETION
PHASE 06 W49
W50
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Dec 11-12 Dec 21 Final Review Final hand-in Presentation 05
INDIVIDUAL
PHAS
W43
Oct 09 Presentation 02
Sept 24 Presentation 01
W45
STUDY TRIP
W51
Exhibition
W45
Mid Pre
SEMINARS: IMAGE BY TERESA ARISTI
FINAL REVIEW PRESENTATIONS
GROUP PRESENTATIONS: PHASE 01
SUDes 2018
SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, CHENGDU
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Sustainable Urban Dynamics 14
AT THE BOTTOM OF QUINGCHENG MOUNTAIN
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SUDes 2018
Introduction
Site Context China and the Sichuan Province The first phase of the course focused on gathering information on the country of China, the city of Dujiangyan, and the assigned study site in the central part of the city. During the first three weeks of the semester, the students completed a variety of group studies on the city of Dujiangyan and its relationship to globalization and the regional dynamics of the Sichuan province. Each of the ten student groups explored a line of personal interest that related to their evolving research on Dujiangyan and the assigned design site. The group mappings included analysis of Dujiangyan’s urban structure, rich history, social characteristics, economic flows, environmental challenges, and landscape. The results were presented to the whole class, and the research served as a strong base for the studio’s study visit and workshop in China. Additionally, three seminars took place providing a common theoretical background of the key questions of globalization, the history of Chinese urbanism and contemporary precedents of sustainable urban design in China.
Dujiangyan within the Sichuan province The brief asked to map out the impacts of globalization and on-going processes that were influencing the urban development of China and the Sichuan province. Located in southwestern China, the region is home to around 81 million people and is one of China’s largest and most dynamic economic areas. Further focus was placed on the physical impacts that the close connection to the provincial capital city of Chengdu and the regional planning for the future development of Chengdu were having on the city of Dujiangyan. During the investigations, the students discovered both Dujiangyan’s economic importance for China as well as its unique culture and history. It was evident that Dujiangyan was one of the most promoted tourist destinations in China with a vibrant and growing tourism industry, and was also rapidly changing through investments in
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infrastructure such as high speed rail.
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DIAGRAMS: GROUPS 1,5,6 AND 7
URBAN FOOTPRINT
REGIONAL MAPS
REGIONAL STUDIES
SUDes 2018
CHINA’S CULTURE IN BUILT STRUCTURE
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Introduction
Site Context The City Of Dujiangyan Located in the in southwestern China in the Minjiang river basin, the Sichuan province is a municipality home to 81 milion residents of which 14.3 milion live in the urban area of the city of Chengdu. In the close proximity to the capital city, there is the city of Dujiangyan, situated in the beautiful landscape of Sichuan province. The city of Dujiangyan is home to more than 650 000 people but with the close proximity to the province’s capital city Chengdu, it will be undergoing a process of urban growth and rapid development in the future. Keeping in mind the efficient high-speed train connection and new investments pointed towards the surrounding cities how do these trends influence the design site and what role do they play in the bigger context?
While resting on the analysis of the study site and developing their own regional strategy, the students were expected to transform their urban visions into site specific and clear designs, that adapt to the local culture, landscape and needs of the communities. In addition, they had to develop a strong argumentation of how the city’s challenges and planned infrastructural changes can be turned into a new opportunity for the future development of Dujiangyan. By testing innovative typologies that contribute to resilience and by developing thoughts and holistic narratives, the students managed to expand their concepts into compelling urban design proposals that facilitate the transformation of
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Dujiangyan into a more sustainable and livable place!
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DIAGRAMS: GROUPS 1,2,6 AND 8
WATER SYSTEM
URBAN STRUCTURE
USES
DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
SUDes 2018
URBAN FOOTPRINT
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Introduction
Design Site The Design Site The approximately 65 hectares design site is located in the center of the city of Dujiangyan close to the old city center and is framed by the Puyanghe river in the north, by the Baitiao river to the south and by the 1st Ring road to the east. It is in walking distance from the high-speed train station in the South - West of the site.
Due to its location, the municipality of Dujiangyan has an ambitious plan to develop the design site into a sub-CBD district in a close future. The existing urban structure is already being removed, making space for traffic-dominated street network, generic high-rise development and enormous public spaces with no connection to the Chinese traditions. The implementation of such aggressive developments often require insensitive relocation of the existing residents into the new structures, which leads to the loss of connection to the land, loss of community ties and segregation.
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THE DESIGN SITE
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The Urban Village The existing urban fabric on the site has a very contrasting mix of formal residential blocks and a bare land - remains from the informal housing, the so-called “urban villages” or “village-in-the-city” (Chengzhongcun). As a common part of the Chinese urban landscape, they are considered the only affordable and adequate solution available to the urban poor based on labour-intensive sectors, such as Chengdu: low-cost living makes it possible to keep the wages of employees low, and therefore benefits the global competitiveness of the city. With the relocation of industries and services from Beijing to the west (“Go West” policy), the number of urban poor is set to increase in Chengdu (and Dujiangyan due to the high-speed train connection) as well as the demand for cheap housing. Since the government does not provide social housing, the role of urban villages within the market is crucial.
The students had to envision how these trends can be sensitively tackled in their semestral projects and turned into a positive challenge when designing the site. Keeping in mind the ongoing urbanization and migration of population towards the provinces’ capital cities and cities linked to them, they had to holistically address these issues in their projects
SUDes 2018
and sharpen the arguments for their design decisions.
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Design Site The Design Site In addition to the country-province-region-county (Peoples Republic of China-Sichuan Province-Chengdu Region-Dujuangyan county) study, the groups had to analyzed the spacial characteristic of the design site itself in relation to the on-going regional planning discussions. The brief asked to carefully investigate the site’s urban tissue and local context to highlight potential opportunities and constraints. The site’s architecture typologies, public space, and landscape characteristics had to be studied thoroughly in order for the groups to conduct conclusions and opinions for the potential transformation. The students investigated the physical dimensions of the site through study sections, scale comparisons, analysis of the public street-scape, density, cultural uses and green infrastructure.
The second phase of the project was both an analytical and a strategical design exercise. Each student had to conduct additional studies and dig further into the essence of the design site, testing strategies, documenting interests. Besides, each student had to develop a ‘Concept Sketch’ - a visual summary of both his/her own interest, speculation and future vision as well as any important questions that were to be tested during the workshop in
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Dujiangyan and Chengdu.
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DESIGN SITE
OLD TOWN
STREET SECTINS @ 1:500
GYAN NGYAN
ROCLIMATE MER: 26 C TER: 6 C
POPULATION: 680.000 DENSITY: 544,7 /SQ SURFACE: 1208 SQCM
ANALYSIS
MICROCLIMATE SUMMER: 26 C WINTER: 6 C
POPULATION: 680.000 DENSITY: 544,7 /SQ My research and plan have been colored by historical, economical, SURFACE: 1208 SQCMsocial factors regarding the site and also greatly by the natural catastrophes in the regions past. Though it is a fairly small city, it is situated close to the much larger city, Chengdu, which provides commerce and job opportunities. My research and plan have been colored by historical, economical, Am E social factorslocated regarding the site also greatly by natural The centrally project siteand in Dujiangyan hasthe opportunity to catastrophes the regionswell past.functioned Though it isand a fairly develop into ainsustainable, wellsmall usedcity, site.it is situated close to the much larger city, Chengdu, which provides commerce and job opportunities.
Am E
ANALYSIS
EARTHQUAKE
The centrally located project site in Dujiangyan has opportunity to develop into a sustainable, well functioned and well used site.
FLOODING
EARTHQUAKE
S
PROBLEMS
FLOODING
INCREASING POPULATION
S
CLIMATE
POLLUTION MICROCLIMATE SUMMER: 26 C WINTER: 6 C
OFF-SITE ANALYSIS: IRRIGATION SYSTEM road system, green spaces, uses URBAN INCREASING ECONOMICS POPULATION
TOURISM
POPULATION: 680.000 DENSITY: 544,7 /SQ SURFACE: 1208 SQCM
URBAN ECONOMICS
My research and plan have been colored by historical, economical, social factors regarding the site and also greatly by the natural catastrophes in the regions past. Though it is a fairly small city, it is situated close to the much larger city, Chengdu, which provides commerce and job opportunities.
Am E
TOURISM
CONCEPT SECTION
ANALYSIS
POLLUTION
N
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
NS
INDUSTRY
The centrally located project site in Dujiangyan has opportunity to develop into a sustainable, well functioned and well used site.
INDUSTRY
EARTHQUAKE
PROBLEMS
Pm
ART W
FLOODING
S
ART INCREASING POPULATION POLLUTION
History AGRICULTURE
URBAN ECONOMICS
TRADITIONS
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
INITIAL STRATEGY
Economic TOURISM
TOURISM
FARMING
INDUSTRY
Commerce Residential third class Residential second class Commerce Office Residential third class Education Residential second class Hospital Office
Social
Education Hospital
FOOD
TAOISM
ART
Commerce Residential third class Residential second class Office Education Hospital
DIAGRAMS: ALICE LEMAIRE, ARNAU VALERO,AU SIU PANG, DENISE UNVEREN
SUDes 2018
M
DUJIANGYAN PROBLEMS
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Workshop
Study Trip and Collaborative Workshop The Study Trip The third phase of the course began with a two-week study trip to China composed of study tours, site visits, lectures, and a design workshop in Chengdu to help the students test ideas on site. The class had the opportunity to pay a visit to the City planning office in Dujiangyan and learn about the planning principles and on-going developments processes. Moreover, a whole day was dedicated to exploration at Dujiangyan Irrigation System and Qingcheng Mountain (one of the most important Taoist centers in China) , the two most significant landscape elements giving structure to the city.
Utilizing the information collected in Lund, the students investigated their study site and its relationship to the planned urban growth of Dujiangyan. The study tours gave them precious insight into the urban design conversations currently surrounding the site and overall urban planning challenges in the Sichuan Province and China as a whole.
These experiences provided a valuable input for a four-day collaborative workshop with more than fifty Chinese architecture and landscape architecture students from five well-established universities of China. The workshop resulted in fifteen group proposals that showcased a variety of sustainable strategies for the future urban development of
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Dujiangyan and offered an informed alternative for the development of the site.
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THE 46 LUND UIVERSITY STUDENTS UPON ARRIVING IN CHENGDU
CITY PLANNING OFFICE, DUJIANGYAN
DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
STUDENTS EXPLORING DUJIANGYAN
BIKE SHARE
VISITING QUINGCHENG MOUNTAIN
SUDes 2018
THE BRIDGE LEADING TO DUJIANGYAN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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Workshop
Study Trip and Collaborative Workshop The Collaborative Workshop The four-day collaborative workshop took place at the School of Architecture and Design at the Xipu Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu. The workshop was done in fifteen teams of six to eight students - a mix from Lund University and the five Chinese universities.
The workshop was perceived as a competition with each group given the opportunity to present their strategic vision for the future of the site on four A1 posters to the international jury of experts. During the workshop, the students were encouraged to think broad and be visionary as the intend was to open up new ways of seeing and working with the complex issues presented by the site and the city of Dujiangyan.
Previous to the workshop the design site visit took place, where the 104 students explored the area and shared their findings. Given the short time during the workshop, the students worked tirelessly to express and visualize their visions through strategic diagrams, urban and detail plans, section drawings, collages, and 3D representations. The competing teams were ambitious and productive but also maintained a friendly environment of learning and sharing. The proposals opened up for interesting discussions and challenged the traditional approaches to urban design in the area. The three winning proposals are
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presented on the following pages.
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GROUP 5: WORKSHOP PRESENTATION, IMAGE BY ARNAU VALERO
SUDes 2018
WORKSHOP POSTER BY SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY, CHENGDU, CHINA
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WORKING AT XIPU CAMPUS
WORKING AT XIPU CAMPUS
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GROUP 1: WORKSHOP PRESENTATION
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GROUP 10
IMAGE BY ARNAU VALERO
1ST PRIZE WINNING TEAM
IMAGES: ARNAU VALERO
3RD PRIZE WINNING TEAM
SUDes 2018
2ND PRIZE WINNING TEAM
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First Prize Winning Team
Integrated Tourism
Agne Tamasauskaite, Fernando Gonzales-Camino, Nadja Jeppsson Du Yanxu, Guang Jingghun, Liu Yiyang, Qin Yu
SITE PLAN 1: 2 000
“The vision is sustainable with smart-configurative architecture using urban planning methods to faciliate future growth
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and urbanization.”
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Close to the North-Western mountain chains in the Sichuan province is the city Dujiangyan. Today it is an ideal destination for the Chinese people and tourists alike for its beautiful sceneries, historically significant Irrigation System and origins of Taoism. The number of yearly visitors to the city show continuously rising figures. In 2013, Dujiangyan received 18.86 million visitors, whereas in 2017 it increased to 23.55 million. As a result, its tourism has provided Dujiangyan with a revenue of 113.16 billion yuan in only five years. Dujiangyan recognizes the value of tourism and aims to facilitate its growing demands through modern, sustainable and urban methods. However, there are local challenges that need addressing in the process. They include the maintenance for clean water and sanitation, support for local economic growth, sustaining communities despite growing tourism and combating the consequences from natural disasters.
The site’s future vision is an urbanized destination that offers vast green avenues along the river bank with neighbourhoods that grow in density towards the site’s outskirts. Urban fabric is refreshed using sustainable methods, integrating new urban systems to improve everyday life. The river bank is transformed into a dynamic and mixed-use public area with clear sight lines into the Old Town and the Train Station. Tourists become tenants into residences, living through architecture that avoids the sense of transgression of private boundaries. The economy is boosted, life conditions improve, local culture is strengthened and neighbourhoods become points as the riverbank landmark.
VISION COLLAGE
STREET SECTIONS
TYPOLOGY EXPLAINED
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PLAN EXPLAINED
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Second Prize Winning Team
Let the Leaf Grow Anna Noetzel, Arnau Valero, Karolina Potoczniak Dai Mingzhu, Yuan Yi, Xi Wang, Zhang Jiyin
SITE PLAN 1:2 000
“The key aim is to re-establish a coherent environment within the site by filling the leftover voids, stitching together the
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new and existing structure.”
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Dujiangyan settlement dates back to the 250 BC when Li Bing, the governor of Sichuan Province, together with his son directed the construction of a new irrigation system, employing an innovative method of channelling and dividing the water of the Min River. It has contributed greatly to the richness of the Chengdu plain and its reputation as ‘The Land of Abundance’, having been the main provider of water for over two millennia. The historical growth pattern of Dujiangyan resembles the shape of a leaf with the Pu Yang river as its central spine and several communities gradually developing along perpendicular veins. The harmonic growth, however, has been affected by the rapid urbanisation taking place in
China since the mid-20th century. In the case of Dujiangyan, particularly within the project site, it resulted in a fragmentation of the built structure as well as functional and social framework. A leaf is an organ enclosed within a specific shape which comprises of networks within and a connection to a system. Through using the historical leaf growth model as a design tool, the key aim is to re-establish a coherent environment within the site by filling the leftover voids, stitching together the new and existing structure as well as strengthening the connections to the old city, the train station, the river and the mountains.
HISTORICAL GROWTH OF DUJIANGYAN
CURRENT SITUATION SKETCHES
STRATEGY DIAGRAMS
SECTIONS 1:500 BIRD-EYE VIEW
SUDes 2018
VISIONARY PERSPECTIVES
33
Third Prize Winning Team
Fluent City
Astrid Steen, Inger Rahbek, Daniel Oliviussion Long Shuang Heng, Wang Yi Zhen, Zhang Yu Jie
DETAIL PLAN 1:500
“We are building an
PURIFICATION AREA – THE WETLAND
urban landscape to improve
Our main driver in the project is the wetland park. It’s created through diverting water from the river to use for purifying the water. We are building an urban landscape to improve the environment, increase biodiversity and prevent urban heat island effect. Our idea is to increase the interaction between citizens and water as well as purification.
the environment, increase biodiversity and prevent urban heat island effect.”
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
MIXED BUILDING TYPOLOGIES
34
Focusing on visual transparency we’ve chosen to work with three different layers of built structure; • the Lin Pan – so that people are able to see and experience the green and blue structures, • the Hutong – to bridge between the smaller settlements and the bigger ones; the public and the private, & • the existing slab houses – to make it
possible for the existing inhabitants to stay. CITYSCAPE To solve issues like lack of parking, too narrow roads and big bordering roads we will build underground parking and parking houses, continue to build upwards to save space on the ground for public use and prioritize connecting roads and functions to surrounding areas.
BUILDING TYPOLOGIES
BIRD’S EYE VIEW FROM NORTH-WEST
SECTIONS 1:500
VISION COLLAGE
SUDes 2018
SITE ISSUES AND STRATEGIC MOVES
35
36
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
IMAGE: PETER SIÖSTRÖM
Challenging Tomorrow
37
SUDes 2018
Projects
Upon the completion of the workshop and returning to Sweden from China, the students were given 7 weeks to develop their individual design projects. Aided and guided by the tutorials and input from guests, the students were asked to develop a vision for future development through research, writing papers, and a series of design drawings that could together inspire the city of Dujiangyan towards a more sustainable tomorrow.
The following pages are a summary of the students projects presented on December 11th and 12th 2018 at the School of Architecture at Lund University. Through editing, we have selected a set of images and drawing that we feel best represents each student’s work. As a complement, each student has composed a written project description to give further insight into their work and design process and also made two physical models of a chosen part of the design site in scale 1:2 000 and 1:200 to support the project vision.
It is our hope that all of the students hard work and energy can inspire you as much as it
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
has inspired us throughout the semester!
38
VISUALIZATION BY DANIEL OLIVIUSSON
39
SUDes 2018
Projects
Continuity and Change Locating Dujiangyan in Time and Place: Respecting Heritage and Contemporary Culture
Agne Tamasauskaite, Lithuania
PICTURE DESCRIPTION
“By working with the urban structure, this project attempts to develop a city that preserves its cultural identity, works with historic continuity, present experience, and the future vision
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
of a sustainable city.”
40
Focusing on the socio-spatial coherence, the project looks at sustainability in people terms, which relates to basic principles as assembling and integrating many activities and users in the same area and reinforcing conditions for walking, cycling and long-term, high-quality-of-life in an urban area.
Cultural identify focuses on the heritage, people’s lifestyles, traditional ways of living and designing.
The project considers proximity rather than density. Offering diverse functions in terms of their contribution to the surroundings – activating the street frontages with cafés, open shops, Chinese cultural activities to invite dialogue with the immediate surroundings and create social opportunities for both, locals and tourists.
Ecological culture works as a glue for those two to develop in harmony. Balance with nature is one of the traditional Chinese approaches, but it is now also a modern way of designing for life quality, for resilience, and adaptability.
The project is driven by 3 sustainability layers socially, environmentally and economically: cultural identity, ecological culture and contemporary culture.
Contemporary culture represents the modern reconstruction, taking into consideration the economy, the internationalization and focuses on tourism industry.
These strategies propose a socioeconomic recovery that utilises existing local natural and heritage resources, while improving the competitive edge for the tourism industry.
MASTERPLAN
AXONOMETRIC VIEW 01 - Entrance from the train station
SECTION A - Pedestrian commercial street
SECTION B - Car accessible commercial street
TYPICAL BUILDINGS´ ARRANGEMENT
SOLAR STUDY
AXONOMETRIC VIEW 02 - Public greenery street
AXONOMETRIC VIEW 03 - Public water square
SECTION C - Greenery street
SKY VIEW FACTOR
PUBLIC REALM STRUCTURE
SUDes 2018
BIRD-EYE VIEW
41
THREADED DUJIANGYAN Alice Lemaire, France
VIEW FROM THE SUPERBLOCK
“Connect city, people and landscape.”
Tourism industry is the driving force for development in Dujiangyan, from the mountains to the agricultural landscape on the Chengdu Plain. The aim is to continue building on this driving force, in a balanced/sustainable way where the quality of the built environment and the life of the locals are equally benefited.
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
The main idea is to link the existing points of interests (the mountains, the irrigation system and the agricultural landscape) through a new urban structure in our site. Pedestrians and slow traffic, blue and green structure and diverse typologies are prioritized.
42
The concept revolves around attraction points and connections applicable to all scales : LARGE / on a regional scale, the goal is to enhance the landscape connection between the mountain and the Chengdu Plain, along the river.
MEDIUM / in the city of Dujiangyan the aim is to connect, extend and improve the tourism route and promote walkability by linking important elements of the city : - The Dujiangyan Scenic Area entrance and the Nan Qiao Bridge bridge - The large parking area in the old city is replaced with a museum area, focusing on the history of the irrigation system. The power plant island is turned into a museum extension which focuses on the contemporary water management and raise awareness of the water use. SMALL / in a smaller scale the concept links important social functions within a neighbourhood like public space, greenhouses and services. XSMALL / this idea is also applied on an individual scale where the goal is to provide many different social functions within walking distance in everyday life.
MASTERPLAN
RIVER PARK AND MOUNTAIN VIEW
SUDes 2018
INTEGRATED FOOD PRODUCTION, WATER MANAGEMENT, WALKABILITY AND PUBLIC REALM
43
Sustainable Urban Dynamics 44
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC BY ALICE LEMAIRE
45
SUDes 2018
Open Campus - New Melting Point of Dujiangyan Allamah Y.Q. Salim, Indonesia
Master Plan
“One big gesture here is by proposing new university of tourism campus, connected to the existing agricultural university campus, forming new
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
agro-tourism spine.�
46
The vision is to create more sustainable Dujiangyan with balance development and develop strong foundation and identity of the city as the tourism center in the region. One big gesture here is by proposing new university of tourism campus, connected to the existing agricultural university campus forming new agro-tourism spine. This campus will play a role as human development and innovation center towards tourismbased economy and other socioeconomic benefits. The main challenge is to create a campus setting that blends with its surroundings and with overall framework of city life. Connection to old city center is vital to our site to strengthen economic ties with touristic old city center and maintain identity of the area taking underground train station as the starting point. This series of sequence is related closely to local place making all over the site, offering rich experience for tourist, local resident, and everyone.
Blue system and green network play an important role in the site to ensure ecological quality, maintain historical value, providing amenities, and as an orientation elements. Continuous green space along the river is the main framework for the landscape, combined with small ponds for safer water related activity. Nature oriented new built environment is developed using green space (main plaza and sport field) and water canals as orientation point. Different typology reflects different function and local place making. Central mixed use block located close to train station combine urban grid structure with high-rise tower to reach higher density. Campus blocks have their own public area open to surroundings with some commercial and cultural functions to make lively campus area. Residential block typology encourages more interaction with its compact design and good accessibility through bike and pedestrian path network.
Aerial Perspective
Main University Plaza
SUDes 2018
Cross Typology Axonometry: Mixed use-Campus
47
Work Local Amanda Leo, Sweden
TWO TYPES OF INCREMENTAL LIVING WITH SHARED URBAN FARMING
“Re-using materials, buildings and structures with the aim to create an experimental city with
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
sustainability on all levels. �
48
A new experimental city is created next to the existing high speed train with focus on sustainability and reuse. The buildings are created by reused materials with the purpose to create as low CO2 impact as possible and a large amount of buildings are kept. The agricultural university north of the site gets new facilities in the centre of the area, next to a tree park and winter garden. Existing urban farming are kept and developed and a research facility is placed next to the river. A museum for reuse is placed next to the park and a research center is located in the eastern part of the area. An incremental area where the inhabitants develops their own living from either a structure or a smaller dwelling is placed south of the river in order to integrate social sustainability in the area.
A new tramline starts close to the train station, on the opposite side from a new conference hall. The tramline connects to the cities already suggested tramline and has two stops in the area. One next to the university buildings close to the park and the shopping street and one in the eastern side closer to the research facilities for reuse and the bridge to the southern part of the area. The largest part of the area contains of dwellings and as explained before the main focus is on different kinds of sustainable solutions. The different research and exhibition facilities creates a possibility to qualified and less qualified jobs which means that the inhabitants both can live and work in the area. Urban gardening in public spaces and courtyards can work as a complement to bought food and is a way of, together with the jobs, also create an economical sustainable area.
University
1
2
6
3 0
4 5
University Campus
7
Reserach center reuse
Urban gardening education
Agracultural university
2
0 5 3
Factory reuse 1 1
Agracultural university 3 4
7
1 5
Info center reuse
2 5
3
5
3
5
Winter garden
6
6 1
2
5 7 6
1 2
8
Info center incremental housing
5
1
8
2
2
9
3
7
8 3
Conferance hall 5
2 6
9
Urban farming research
7 9
8
1
Train station 3
MASTERPLAN
5 6 7
9 8
PARK WITH WINTERGARDEN & RE-USE
VIEW FROM NORTHEAST
5
4
3
INCREMENTAL HOUSING WITH SHARED & PRIVATE AREAS
3
2
1
SHOPPING STREET & SQUARE
SUDes 2018
7 6
49
Dujiangyan - Spaces and Sequences Anna Nötzel, Germany
URBAN GARDENING AND RECREATION
“Utilizing the public realm and supporting a system of public
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
spaces.”
50
Dujiangyan lies in a special position in the Sichuan Region in China. Historically grown at the foot of the Qingcheng Mountain, the birthplace of Taoism, the city’s identity has not only been shaped by that, but also by the irrigation system which controls the flow of the Min River that leads further south towards Chengdu. The design site specifically locates West to the historic city center of Dujiangyan with the PuYang River leading through the center from West to East. The 70 ha site is mainly characterized by voids and fragmentation of the built structure as well as a fragmented functional and social framework, which is the result of rapid urbanization taking place in China since the mid-20th century and the destruction of buildings through natural disasters throughout the last decades. The proposal offers public axises with different functions and uses.
Around these the dense build structure follows and provides a liveable urban environment. Block structures establish the main structure of the site, special buildings with public services are found along the public spaces. This clustered structure allows the public realm to flow through and creates open and secluded spaces for the people to reclaim. The links create a pattern of the whole, yet they are as well interconnected through the public realm. Through a variety of spaces, sustainability and resilience questions can be answered. The site will become a sustainable urban environment that is connecting layers and networks of function, character, and landscape. The proposal gives back to the people and lets them inhabit and explore their kind of living room more, by making use of the potentials that are already there.
MASTERPLAN
DETAIL
SITE EVALUATION
OPPORTUNITIES
IMPLEMENTATION
SUDes 2018
ORIGINAL SITE
51
CRAFT CITY
Anna-Maria Hilmersson, Sweden
購 物 街
工 藝 品
工 藝
竹 瓷
刺 繡
工 作 室
Street where people can sell and try local craft.
“I want to use the traditional crafts of Sichuan to create a
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
new vibrant city.”
52
Chinas local craft used to be the finest in the world and is historically well known. The fast urbanization of China during the last century have led to neglection of their traditional crafts which I want to rediscover. By craft I mean an activity involving skill in making something by hand. For example growing your own vegetables in a courtyard, which you later can prepare into an eatable craft such as Dan Dan Noodles and sell it along the streets. This could also mean non-eatable craft like bamboo coated porcelain. Bamboo could be extracted on the site and turn into bamboo crafts in a studio in a courtyard. The craftsmen or farmer could live in the new neighbourhoods where they can create their craft which they can sell within the site. Tourist could then buy the craft along the shopping street or try creating a craft themselves in the studios. Traditional forms of craftsmanship can be revived and new crafts can be invented.
Benefits Eatable Craft + Locally produced food + Non GMO , reduce waste + Restore oxygen + Boost local economy + Meet Neighbours, educate children Benefits Non-Eatable Craft + Local traditions says active and new forms can be invented + Sustainable materials like bamboo +Craftsmen and students can collaborate and create new exhibitions +Tourist can try making craft themselves
D
Courtyard: growing vegetables. Snackstreet above.
S
S
S
S
手 藝
竹 餐 廳
小 吃 街
食 品
家 庭 餐 �
沙 拉 西 紅 柿
街 頭 食 品
蔬 菜
� 子 餐 �
� 尚
SUDes 2018
Left: Eatable craft. Right: Non-eatable craft
S
Snackstreet. Sell and eat crafts.
S
S
53
Linear Dujiangyan Arnau Valero, Catalonia - Spain
PROPOSAL PLAN
“My proposal is based on structuring the city through 4 lines that provide the necessary urban spatial qualities for the
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
development of the city.�
54
The linear intervention that I propose begins with the urban spatial qualities necessary for the personal and economic development of a city up to the largest scale of connectivity within the city and sustainable urban design. Biodiversity and ecology are essential to transform cities from something grey to something alive, so one of the 4 main lines of action are the two green corridors along the river and from the mountains to the south. Dujiangyan has an excellent and old water management through the Irrigation System, the improvements are proposed in a smaller scale through the filtering of wastewater and permeable pavements in the streets through which water circulates naturally on rainy days. It is also proposed to adapt an existing channel and to create a new one in order to generate more friendly environments and to bring the water closer to citizens.
The social line of action corresponds to the main neighbourhood streets that are prepared for the tram, bus network and daily life with public facilities and retails. To improve the living conditions of the current inhabitants it is planned to make the residential communities smaller and to add public spaces between those units. Finally, the last two linear interventions correspond to economic and knowledge sustainable development. I propose the creation of new university and research buildings in relation to the existing university campus and a path from the school to a park, recreation spots and extracurricular activities places for children. Two economically more active areas are connected through a friendly street designed for locals and tourists.
SECTIONS
COURTYARD AND COMMUNITY BUILDING
SUDes 2018
LINE DIAGRAMS
55
The Transition of Public Space Astrid Steen, Sweden
School ground
Existing vegetable market
Market hall
Community center
P
Pocket park
Pocket spaces
Green houses
Pocket spaces
Pocket park
Pocket park
Green houses River park
Agricultural fields Water retention pond
Semi-public residential street Connecting canal to the old town
Library
Urban farming
P
Public venue
PlayTea ground house
Larger pocket space
Pocket park Public venue
Water retention pond
Water retention pond Chinese garden
Chinese garden
River walk
Hotel Square Bus drop-off
P
Square
Bike parking
Park New tram station Train station
New bus station
MASTER PLAN
“Creating accessible public space in the heart of the city.”
Looking at Chinese city development during the last decades we can identify a booming urbanization trend. In this development the traditional Chinese public spaces and social life have been transferred from more outdoor facilities to indoor ones, creating a distance between people and “the city”.
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
For our site specifically, having been heavily affected by the 2008 earthquake, there is a lack of planned, outdoor public space and also a very undefined street network, making it even harder for inhabitants or visitors to connect to public areas of the site.
56
The vision of the project is to create a place that corresponds to the Chinese lifestyle, re-moulding the possibilities of the site for social life in public spaces. I do this by identifying how people (try to) use the space today and try to create an environment that corresponds to this in a future scenario.
Therefore the site is planned around the public spaces and the flow of people; the road network. What they all have in common is their accessibility towards its users and that they offer green and blue structures for shade, leisure, growing food, an increase in biodiversity, storm-water management, an improved micro-climate and a decrease in the urban heat-island effect. In the end the site will become a city district that can withstand future climate change, that accommodates people throughout the day and throughout the different stages of life, that provides with housing for different income groups and for people with different life styles, both in terms of work situation and interests and that also offers people a chance to work, live, spend leisure time or visit this extended heart of Dujiangyan city.
RELATION: STREET TYPOLOGIES - PUBLIC SPACES
The main car road
Entrance Square
The larger mixed street
The smaller, commercial mixed street
The Chinese Garden
The pedestrian street
Urban Farming The Pocket Park
Pocket Spaces
Tea Houses
The River Vista
21 30
175
10 44
14 12
14 16
14 26
34
14 9
14
50
10
The River Vista - The Pocket Park - The Chinese Garden - Tea Houses Pocket Spaces - Urban Farming - Squares
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
STREET HIERARCHY
The main car road - The larger mixed street The smaller, commercial mixed street - The pedestrian street
WATER MANAGEMENT
River - Canals - Water Retention Ponds Rain water collection (urban farming)
SUDes 2018
PUBLIC SPACES
57
Intangible Cultural Heritage City in Dujinagyan
Jasper Au, Hong Kong / Portugal
Main Street in Studio Village
“Qīng · Huā · Cí‘ Transformation of Intangible
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Cultural Heritage.”
58
My theme ‘Qīng · Huā · Cí‘ is a piece of Chinese art representing an Intangible Cultural Heritage. Every single word of the term has multi meanings because of culture and history. Sometimes the words may refer to colors while other times they might denote a material. In this project, the three words demonstrate a combination of the Traditional Chinese Housing Typology (‘Qīng’ represents house, ‘Huā’ represents Landscape, ‘ Cí’ represents the boundary). Transformation takes place through the scale, material, color, form and function to meet the city’s structural needs and application into urban planning. With the integration of elements, the focus of urban planning is not merely on a environment nor the functional sustainability but more importantly the continuum of Intangible Cultural Heritage. This project aim is bring the traditional element, transform and merge it into urban planning in order to make a sustainable city. Regarding my research
and discovering, I will divide the site in different zoning with different function and usage, like a Chinese traditional housings, there are different small buildings as group for different function. The landscape as a buffer zone / shared space to bring different element together. To consider the sustainability of city structure, I suggest to bring back the heritage craftsmanship (Studio village) in the city. Not only save the Intangible Cultural Heritage, also it bring a new industry economy and attract young people coming back to the city. Other major issue is for residential area, regarding my research, there are high housing demand for elderly to retirement, also the child care is another major problem. I suggest to create a central core service building group to provide related service in this area. And I also design different type of private housing for elderly with different demand.
Concept Diagrams
Building Typology
SUDes 2018
Section Sketch
59
Redefine Urban Block Bunheng Phon, Cambodia
MASTER PLAN
“From Siheyuan Concept to
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Free Flow Urban Blocks.�
60
The main vision is to bring back the traditional living style into the current era through designing the quality of building blocks together with suitable typology and integration of natural landscape. Each neighborhood should have plentiful of public space particularly for elderly people not only from the site but also the nearby neighbourhoods. The pocket parks and the lively street scape throughout the area will invite more people to get out the house and enjoy the Mahjong, Tea House as well as the peaceful parks along the river. To respect the rights and people choice, the designs appreciate existing buildings and landscapes. Most of the structures are kept and the commercial streets are extended and the roads are aligned with the old axis to connect from the south to the north. Secondly, the building arrangement also respect the street line creating perpendicular block with the streets and connecting
the two part of the sites via new road crossing from south to north. This grid line concept also create a clear cut arrangement of the block layout defining clearly the user public space and semi private space. Lastly, the blocks size is designed according to the proportion between the old Siheyuan size to the current building size, creating the space that one can feel the intimate feeling along the corridor and the open space inside the blocks.
BLOCK DETAIL: BIRD-EYE VIEW
STREET VIEW- URBAN BLOCK
SUDes 2018
DESIGN CONCEPTS
61
Downtown Dujiangyan Camilla Göller, Sweden
PERFORMATIVE PLAN
“High and low density in
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
coexistence.”
62
In China there is a trend to relocate farmers from the country side to cities in order to provide them with better living standard and to industrialize farm land. Often these people end up in places that do not meet their needs. I want to create familiar places for these people that also can give back to the city as whole. Given the sites proximity to the new station and the old town, it is arguable that the site also should become the new city core. A high density to the west with even high rises can also justify a coexistence of low density with growing opportunities to the east. Great thought has also been applied in order to land in a new block structure. I set some rules to make the new urban fabric as interesting, functional and sustainable as possible.
• • • • • • •
Bridge the river that has sharply divided the site into north and south Connect with and to the river Divide the shared vehicle and pedestrian streets to encourage transport by foot and bicycles Avoid long and straight roads and streets Provide surprises along the way Fit the new block structure and developments into the existing scattered neighbourhoods. New connections should bridge them Keep and renovate many of the buildings as they are still in relative good shape
Where blocks still are too big in the downtown area, secondary neighbourhood passages can break them further down.
CONNECT
PRIORITIZE
SUDes 2018
BRIDGE
63
Wetland Parks and Shopping Malls Clara Emilsson, Sweden
ZOOM-IN PLAN OF THE WETLAND SHOPPING MALL
“Space for consumption and space for the environment - can they coexist in the city? If they could coexist somewhere in the
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
world, it has to be in China.”
64
Today, there is no country so connected to consumption and production as China. They have taken over that baton from the US, whose consumption-driven modern society has much shaped their urban spaces and also many of their current problems – urban sprawl, death of the city centers, abandoned shopping malls, extensive car-use – problems we are also facing in Europe. But Chinese cities look different, and change is happening fast. Chinese urban citizens’ daily life and consumption patterns are changing due to rapid urbanization, and rapid changes in technology, economy and demographics. “Shopping” spaces/ streets/areas are not necessarily a place for over-consumption, but if made well, a multi-generational meeting place.
FUTURE TRENDS FOR CONSUMPTION IN CHINA
Wetland parks are also getting more common in Chinese cities as a part of the Sponge City initiative of storm water treatment, but also to make river
banks and wetland more attractive and available space. They are also becoming a way to create a beautiful landmark for the city that is also useful environmentally and socially as a highquality, free public space. In this project, I wanted to see if I could merge the Wetland Park and the Shopping Mall to create an identity, youth, and well-made public spaces for the people in Dujiangyan.
URBAN PLAN
WETLAND PARK AXONOMETRY
SHOPPING MALL AXONOMETRY
SUDes 2018
SECTION OF SHOPPING MALL AREA
65
Slow City
Daniel Oliviusson, Sweden
Hotel
Hotel
Visitor center/ Hotel
Market
S hop
ping
Bus terminal Restaurants
Observation deck
Hotel
Museum Hotel Pond
Pond
Train station
Tram
Cinema
Old town New central area
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
“Axos are fun!”
66
My project aims to solve two challenges that has arisen out of chinas rapid modernisation. The first one is the changing lifestyles and life patterns modernity brings with it and the increasing speed and stress of life. The second challenge is modern consumption, in Dujiangyans case the main form is mass tourism. The city faces a rapid influx of tourists given it historical assets and it location in the region while at the same time being in the middle of a modernisation period. My aim is to create a development that helps the city cope with the masses of tourist while at the same time retaining some of the existing lifestyles and the pace of life in the existing neighbourhoods. I’m doing so by creating several distinct areas within the site; a high intensity entrance space centered around transportation, hotels and shopping, a mixed use area mainly emphasised on low pace shopping and dining. The next area focuses on staying
and more time consuming activities as tea house stays or bead and breakfasts. and the last two function as a buffer and link between the old and the new. After visiting China and the site i realised that the Chinese approach to its history, to development and progress is very different from the western ideals with a lot more emphasis on modernity and services. The vision for the city presented by the municipality was one of a massive tourist destination with many new features, places to stay and things to do. The focus was not mainly aimed at Dujiangyans historical assets but tourism in general and the somewhat new concept in China of going on a holiday. It became clear to me that i wanted to do a project that is not at odds with the cities own visions of its future and I wanted to make sure I produce a project that doesn’t make light of the plans the city and region has already laid out for Dujiangyan.
New transit hub
Highrises High rises mainly containing hotels, frame the transit center and large intersections on the site. They also serve to extend the existing business district.
Large scale shopping Lagre scale shopping compexes border the old town and acts as a buffer for crowds.
Mid size shopping / Mixed use The mixed use area extends the pedestrian zone of the old town towards the station hub and serves as a leisure area for visitors and locals.
Traditional / Reinterpreted courtyard houses New and old style courtyard typologies creates a quiet district with inns, tea houses and restaurants.
Typology study
Tea h
ous
e ro
w
Low rise courtyard houses
SUDes 2018
Orchard
67
Dujiangyan Wetland Park David Larsson, Sweden
Perspective wetland park
“Utilizing the stormwater in the
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
build up of a new Dujiangyan.”
68
The site in Dujiangyan is a central place close to the historical-centre of Dujiangyan. Dujiangyan which has been tightly knitted together with its heritage and history of the water ways. The design site in relation to the city is a great opportunity to rebuild the city from the 2008 earthquake while in the same time reconnect and anchor the city with the river-front. Utilizing the water and the city’s heritage as the key component and driving force in the design. Also keeping in mind, the earthquake of 2008 and its aftermaths its of great importance to better prepare the urban fabric to tackle such unforeseen events in a resilient way. The lack of green spaces inside Dujiangyan makes the site suited for a bigger park intervention. Whereas the Park can function as the heart of the overall storm water management, functioning as the blue-green graded
space in the plan. The thought is that the park is going to be the core focal point of the project handling the final discharge of storm water back to the river. Connection the park with the streets and courtyards of the area to guide the storm water, there is a proposal for 3 different main “streettypologies” that will integrate water in different ways. And also using the park as a place for emergency housing in case of an earthquake.
Birds eye view
Section
Perspective townhouses
SUDes 2018
Detaild plan
69
Connecting Green Denise Unveren, Sweden
BIRD EYE VIEW
“The site is intended to become self-sufficient and maybe even inspire other Chinese municipalities to take similar
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
actions.”
70
My proposal involves channeling the water flow from the Poyang River even further through the site. The new and “intimate” watercourse (which starts in higher ground, in the southeast corner,) follows the natural topography and creates numeral small waterfalls. (The water flow of the newly built canal will flow slower and calmer than the parallel river to its south though). The canal will also have accommodating boardwalks running next to it which will eventually lead to a slower city tempo, at least in this area. The proposal involves a substantial new “green belt” through the city centre which also will provide a new biological diversity, or in any case make it a possibility. Some existing structures are to be kept but those who are demolished are being replaced by modern communities where urban farming is introduced. My project offers a new planning strategy which lies in strong contrast to the fast pace culture of previous developments, it seems. Chengdu and even Dujiangyan
have in the last decades slowly lost its agricultural identity which is an apparent factor of discontent within the older population. The urban farming strategy of my plan involves predetermined plots for farming (where water is collected from the river canal) and is intended to bring back agriculture to the city centre. Every individual residential community will have an accessible green house in close connection to the housings. I believe that common and shared farming opportunities would bring with it a lot of beneficial properties such as reduced carbon emissions, sustainable living (healthy living included) and even improvements in social aspects. The master plan presents new commercial streets where some of the (ecologically) produced crops can be sold. This feature plus the new integrated parks and green areas will eventually draw tourism to the site I believe.
URBAN PLAZA
PLAN 1:500
URBAN PLAZA AQUA
SUMMER-WATER DAM Summer-water dam
SHARED URBAN FARMING
ECTION S B-B TEA HOUSE STREET
SECTIONS ALONG THE NEW CHANNEL
Urban theatre,dance surfaceSURFACE URBANmarket, MARKET, THEATER, DANCE
Winter-skate ringRINK WINTER-SKATE
THE STREAM CHANNEL AND GREEN BELT
SUDes 2018
SASONAL USES OF THE AQUA PLAZA
71
Sustainable Urban Dynamics 72
VISUALIZATION BY DENISE UNVEREN
73
SUDes 2018
Intertwined Dujiangyan Dominika Misterka, Poland
VARIOUS WAYS OF EXPERIENCING THE WATER
A VIEW TOWARDS A COURTYARD
“Dujiangyan - a place where life
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
intertwines with water.“
74
WHAT. The project is called “Intertwined Dujiangyan”. It enhances the city’s relation with water, focusing mostly on climate resilience. It extracts the qualities that water can bring to public spaces and block typologies as well. WHY. Dujiangyan has played a very significant role in the water-oriented development of the Sichuan province for many years. The city has a high relative humidity as well. It is rainy, foggy and cloudy all year-round here. In high peaks, it rains around 260 mm a month here. It is more than in other ”rainy” places e.g. Beijing - 195 mm. Landslides caused by cloudbursts are common here too. One from 2013 caused 44 deaths and destroyed 12 houses. Moreover, the wettest place in China, Mount Emei is located 100 km from Dujiangyan. There are various solutions designed to cope with rainfalls on the site. Unfortunately, some of these are working. They are worn out or clogged with rubbish. HOW. Firstly, the proposal intertwines the blue and green structures through
sustainable water management. This prevents flooding by a network of parks and courtyards designed to release water pressure, by collecting and reusing water from roofs and by introducing new permeable surfaces. Water will be also present at various streets - from the small drainage ditch street, v-shaped street, to neighbourhood street with a geometrical pond. In addition, the new water research centre will be designed. Secondly, it intertwines the generations. The proposal introduces new functions which invite new generations to the site, are attractive to tourists, and are adjusted to the needs of the elderly. These include a swimming pool, fish-market, a public sauna, hydropower museum, greenhouses, waterbasketball square, and a new canal around the existing school. Finally, it intertwines public spaces by two pedestrian-friendly links with adjacent public squares. New train station - north riverbank link and the old town - south canal area link.
MASTERPLAN
V-SHAPED STREET AND WATER-BASKETBALL SQUARE SECTIONS
A VIEW TOWARDS THE NEIGHBOURHOOD STREET
SUDes 2018
BLOCK TYPOLOGY
75
Coexist Dujiangyan Emeline Lex, Canada
PERSPECTIVE AT THE GARDEN
“Where city and agriculture weave together a research district seeking to address the scientific advancement of agriculture processes while providing a higher quality of life through self-sustenance and Sustainable Urban Dynamics
new economic opportunities.”
76
How is China feeding its population of 1.4 billion? Four decades of rapid economic growth has fuelled a dramatic reduction in China’s undernourished population. However, with a rising middle class, changing dietary needs, loss of agriculture lands, water scarcity/ pollution, and increasing reliance on food imports, China’s economic boom has generated a new set of demographic demands and environmental strains that have specifically affected its agricultural capacity. Dujiangyan is a city with an existing strong identity on its own rooted in agriculture, the irrigation system and international tourism. Knowing Dujiangyan’s identity, the city has the capacity to become a centre for agricultural research that aims to address the scientific advancement of agricultural processes. The proposal tests a new model of urban development where traditional relationships of city, open-space and farmland are
reconfigured. In the large scale, a productive landscape along the river is created, called the Field, containing large scale community farms, testing/ demonstration crops and research facilities for hydroponics and vertical farming. A recreational trail is open to the public to encourage a new sector of ecotourism. In the small scale is the Garden, which encompasses privatelyrun urban agriculture and smallerscale community gardens, greenhouses and community kitchens in courtyard settings. The agriculture serves as the glue which holds the development together, weaving in creative pursuits from biomedical R&D, a culture quarter, and a new medicine/wellness district. This strategy creates a coexistence of rural and urban that ultimately facilitates a higher quality of life through selfsustenance while generating new economic opportunities.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
BIOMEDICAL R&D AGRICULTURE MUSEUM
COMMUNITY ORCHARD
RESEARCH CENTRE THE MARKET NEW MEDICINE/WELLNESS HUB
OLD TOWN GATE
THE FIELD
TRAIN STATION
MASTER PLAN OF THE URBAN-AGRI-ECO DISTRICT
THE GARDEN
THE MARKET
THE FIELD
PERSPECTIVE AT THE FIELD
SUDes 2018
AXONOMETRIC SECTION OF THE GARDEN, MARKET AND THE FIELD
77
Dujiangyan Connections Emilie Roos, Sweden
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
Local plan over some of the blocks and streets
78
“The main themes for the
The main themes for the project:
project: bike and walk roads,
BIKE AND WALK ROADS
connections, house sizes.�
There is a big amount of car roads around the city. To take away the car use maybe one should examine and see if they are really needed in the all current locations. The road of both sides of the river feels more like a parking lot than a driving road. It act as a barrier between water, businesses and pedestrian movement. Therefore, I think it is more beneficial to lift the quality of the area by implementing a park and walking / biking roads. Thus, I will include the water in the environment too. This strategy will also be a small step in the direction to cut down the car use in the city. CONNECTIONS The connections from the old town and the train station to the river are not
clear right now. The river is the image of the city and the Irrigation system is a part of Dujiangyan history. That is why I think it is important to allow for green connections that will lead people from this two points. In that way it will highlight the importance of the river in the environment. HOUSE SIZES The buildings that are in the empty areas in the site will be in the same size as the buildings in the north part. The height will be up to 5 stories. Apartments in the 4 of them, and business on the bottom floors. This is a common combination in China and it is already existent on the site. In the southern part of the site the blocks are smaller and the height of the houses is lower, between 2-3 stories. This is because of the intended contrast, but also because the southern part is more private space and the north part is more public.
View from te public space trow the new green connectun View te public trownew the new green connectun View from tefrom public spacespace trow the green connectun View from te public space trow the new green connectun View from te public space trow the new green connectun
The new connections on the the site. map shows the newthe roads in roads blue colur. The new green green on new roads in blue colour. The green connections onsite. theThe site.other The map other mapthe shows inThe blue colur. The new new green connections on the site. The other shows new roadsnew in blue colur.
View from one of the courtyards View from one thecourtyards courtyards View from one ofof the
SUDes 2018
The new green connections on the site. The other map shows the new roads in blue colur.
79
Tian Shui Zhai Lin Fernando Camino, Spain
Site Plan
“Local life and tourism in the
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
right scale.”
80
It is easy to overlook that life in China, more often than not, happens in the small spaces, in small groups. When we think of China, we generally imagine mega-cities such as Shanghai or Beijing and, like these two, most Chinese cities have a massive scale that reflect the country’s population numbers.
The main pedestrian connections create a legible structure and a seamless integration with the existing urban fabric, bringing the city centre into the site and continuing towards the other parts of the city. It also allows tourists to explore the area while keeping the more hidden spaces for residents.
It is rare to come across a city that has not built high-rise buildings yet, a city that’s keeping its small scale and original character. This design proposal seeks to keep that character, strengthened by a modernised take on the Linpan typology. These principles have led to a design that is formed by many small spaces, corners, nooks… of which the local population can feel as their own.
Dujiangyang’s popularity for travellers is rapidly growing, therefore it is key to create a successful combination of tourism and local communities, where tourists can experience the local life but without compromising the people of Dujiangyan’s sense of privacy and ownership to their neighbourhood.
View to the Main Square
Street Vew
SUDes 2018
Main Connections, Build Use, Road Network
81
Sustainable Urban Dynamics 82
DETAIL PLAN (@ 1:500) BY FERNANDO CAMINO
83
SUDes 2018
Dujiangyan: Connect, Meet and Mingle Fruzsina Stefán, Hungary
SCHOOL COURTYARD EXTENSION OF THE SPORT AREA WORKSHOP PLACE YOUTH CENTRE
COMMON RESIDENTAL COURTYARD
CO
MM
ER
CIA
LS
TR
EE
T
EXTENSION OF THE SPORT AREA
PARKING HOUSE
MARKET AREA
TRAM STOP
RENOVATED POWER STATION
TE A
INNOVATION HU
HO
USE
S, C
OM
M
IT UN
YA
CTIV
ITIE
S
WETLAND PARK, RETENTION AREA BIO
SW AL
ES
RAINGARDEN, SEMI-PUBLIC COURTYARDS
COMMUNITY, EDUCATION CENTRE
BIK
EL A
NE,
FAS
R T-T
AC K
AQUAPONICS
PARKING HOUSE BIKE SHARING COMMUNITY BUILDINGSOPEN STREAM SYSTEM MARKET SQUARE
TEA HOUSES PRIVATE GARDENING AREA
GREENHOUSES
E
MIXED USE, STUDIOS, CRAFTMANSHIP
CANAL SQUARE
RIV
ER
SID
E
PR
OM
EN
AD
TRAM STOP
ENTRANCE SQUARE REVITALIZED PARK
COMMERCIAL STREET
GROUND LEVEL EXTENSION OF THE STATION
MASTERPLAN M 1:2000
“The project area begins where the channels join, making this naturally a place of connections
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
and of coming together...”
84
The project as “urban life generator“ invites the water and residents to create a place where new inhabitants can live together with the current ones. Resilience, stormwater: The natural rivers and canals around the project area today are time-formed drainage solutions for the area’s rainwater catchments. It therefore only makes sense to use these rivers as design guidelines and to shape and structure the new development and define the street grid. The new tramline through the area will connect to the municipality’s suggested line. The new green and blue paths going through and connecting on site are breaking the grid, to have a resilient space against seasonal flooding. These results in creating new points of interest, more varied development layout, new socio-spatial relations, urban activity places to promote
healthy communities, vivid life in the neighbourhoods. The proposal prioritizes to embankments. 2 new foot-, biking bridges across the river are proposed to allow a direct connection between the two green spaces north and south of the river creating a singular green space, the diagonal park. The craftsmanship area offers a combination of ground floor workshop places and residential use and intensity of small businesses. The south smallscale housing area offers private gardening opportunities. The common area has cultivation, combined with recreation and showcase of aquaponics systems.
RAINGARDEN
COLLECTED/PUMPED WATER
BIK
ER
OA
D
RAINWATER PARK, RETENTION AREA
TEA HOUSES, FOOD PLACES
TR
AM
LIN
E
WETLAND BOARDWALK
LO W
-S
PE
ED
COMMUNITY, EDUCATION CENTRE BIOSWALES
GREENROOF
SEMI-PRIVATE COURTYARDS
GREENHOUSE
STUDIOS, CRAFTMANSHIP PRODUCTION RESIDENTAL
PERMEABLE PAVING
ZOOM-IN, DETAILED PLAN M 1:500
VIEW OF THE ROADS ON THE SOUTH RIVERBANK
TRAMLINE, MIXED-TRANSIT STREET
SUDes 2018
BIKE- AND PATHWAY ALONG THE STREAM AND THE CANAL
85
Exploring the Grid Inger Kirstin Rahbek, Denmark
A
A
B
B
PLAN
“To combine the strict order of the grid, with the disorder and
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
variety of individual blocks.”
86
Today the site consist of multiple building typologies and sizes. It needs a strategy to connect the existing with the new. The strategy is a strict grid (plot) of 60 x 60 meters with 12 meters in between. The grid is shaped by a orthogonal relation to the Puyang River. To follow the existing building and sizes, the grid are fitting into the existing with cutting off the edges where needed. By designing with this rational principle the grid automatically creates four new districts with residential. In each district there is a number of plots that makes the new build structures and the paths in between. To connect the city with the new districts at the site and the Puyang River, there are avenues - straight roads with lines of trees along to emphasize the “coming to” the Puyang River, back and forth.
The vision for the project is to create a place, where architecture, the Puyang River and the greenery shapes a strong social atmosphere that is beneficial for extroverted social gatherings and a good everyday life for the locals.
SECTION AA AND BB
DETAILED PLAN
SUDes 2018
DIAGRAM - FOUR DISTRICTS
87
Towards Spatial Equity Jasmina McKenna, Germany
DAY CARE
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
SHARED FACILITIES
OUTDOOR GYM
STREET BALL
PLAYGROUND
DETAIL PLAN
“The challenge arises to ensure that spaces beyond the spotlight of touristic attractions do not get left behind and to react to the needs of the local
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
population.”
88
This mixed use area is targeted at communities with varying sources and levels of income, building on existing local communities and on those who are likely to demand space in the city in the future. Provision of affordable and flexible housing and adequate access to public space and facilities help to create a more equitable and attractive urban environment for newcomers, locals and visitors alike. Service provision and accessibility of functions form the basis of the proposed design. To achieve this, permeable districts are formed that ensure a safe, walkable network. In aspiration of preventing social and physical segregation, both buildings and public spaces are designed to achieve social cohesion by providing spaces for people to mingle in everyday life, while respecting a distinct need for
privacy. This demands for structures allowing flexible uses and diverse activities. The site features multiple magnets - attraction points that create lively spaces and ensure an influx of people. Local job opportunities, culture and community functions, as well as a picturesque water front that connects the city’s green lungs, present an attractive urban environment. Soft landscapes managing storm water both carry aesthetic and recreational value whilst attracting biodiversity and regenerating former waste land.
SCHOOL
LOCAL MARKETS
SPORT CENTRE
THE OLD TOWN
MUSEUM
RIVER FRONT PARK
STORMWATER PARK
COMMUNITY FACILITIES CANAL WALK
TRAIN STATION SITE PLAN
PRIVACY LEVELS
SPACES TO MINGLE
NEXT TO PUBLIC OPEN SPACES
PERSPECTIVE: RIVER-FRONT PARK
EXISTING QUALITIES - THE MARKET AREA
SUDes 2018
GRID LIVING - THE PUBLIC SPINE
89
Farming Together Jose María Castillo Calva , Spain
“Urban farming is resorted as a new way for its sustainability
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
and prosperity.“
90
Tourism seems to be the key to Dujiangyan’s future. However, Dujiangyan has an obvious identity problem lately, as it is neither a tourist nor a rural city, being nothing more than a satellite dormitory city of Chengdu, in which neither tourists nor locals feel a special attachment to it. In this way, the main problem to be tackled is the cohesion of the tourism industry with the local one. The attempt is made to create an environment conducive to their enjoyment, but in such a way that the infrastructure that supports them is exactly the same as for local residents. In this way, urban farming is resorted to as a new way for its sustainability and prosperity, creating a wide network that covers many areas (both consumption and production). Thus, through industry, tourists and locals will relate, forming both part of the same process.
In strictly urban terms, we are faced with the coexistence of the same way of rural and urban life forms, being the project as a whole a hybrid between the two. This is manifested not only in terms of scale, but also in different types of typologies according to the needs of each space, creating different environments, bringing greater wealth to the site. To be more precise, an intense network of green spaces is created, distinguishing between green areas and farming. Thus, we will have distributed throughout the field of action from large to small areas of cultivation, through various uses such as self-consumption, supply to other parts of the territory, trade, research or cultural as well. At all scales, there are both private and public spaces.
91
SUDes 2018
Young Old Dujiangyan Karolina Potoczniak, Poland
STRATEGIC URBAN PLAN
“ The phenomenon of ageing population turned into an
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
advantage.�
92
Population of Dujiangyan is characterised by a significant age gap caused by large scale migration of younger workers to urban China, often leaving both the parents but also kids behind. The elderly have traditionally been taken care of by the extended family but migration, demographic changes due to low birthrate and the former one-child policy, as well as longer life expectancy are severely challenging that family unit. The further fragmentation of the local population has also been a consequence of the severe earthquake in 2008 which left many dead and encouraged others to move away. For the very same reasons, the built structure of Dujiangyan has been widely fractured resulting in an urban fabric rich in voids and leftover space. A significant part of the project site is either under demolition or intended to be demolished, the street network lacks order and hierarchy and the distribution
of functions does not seem to respond to the needs of the community - either the current, predominantly elderly, or the target group of young adults the city of Dujiangyan wants to attract. The key aim is to re-establish a coherent built environment within the site by filling the leftover voids, stitching together the new and existing structure as well as strengthening the connections to the old city, the train station, the river and the mountains. The social framework is to be recovered by accommodating the needs of the elderly, but also facilitating an experience exchange with the young by creating mixed communities which could benefit from each other.
YOUNG OLD VILLAGE
ENCOURAGING PUBLIC LIFE
SUDes 2018
NEIGHBOURHOOD IDENTITIES
93
Public Spaces in Dujiangyan Kristina Simkunaite, Lithuania
WETLAND PARK PROMENADES
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
“People first!�
94
The aim of the project is to create pedestrian friendly environment with many different size and purpose public spaces occupied by all categories of users: local communities including elderly, young families, teenagers and children, tourists and office workers. The main design keys are diversity, multifunctionality, openness and greenery. Since the area is about to densify, public spaces will be the main driver for shaping and strengthening communities. The priority for pedestrians is proposed to the site, keeping the public transport on the outer roads and building local smaller scale roads just for accessibility. Along the river-banks goes a green belt with pedestrian and bicycle lanes. Greenery and water management takes an important emphasis in the design pursuit. Having very humid and stormy subtropical climate, a net of canals,
together with already existing ones, is laid along the buildings to gather an overflow of the rainfall and direct it to the wetland parks. Urban gardening activities are enhanced by implementing farming land areas in the courtyards and designing communal green terraced rooftops for the new residential area. Sight views towards the mountains are being kept from the river banks by arranging newly built urban mass heights: higher along the outside main roads and lower human-scale in the inner part of site. The intention of the project is to reduce segregation between different social groups and generations. Multifunctional public spaces intended to be occupied by all users. Therefore all local businesses and activities will be able to flourish.
BIRD EYE VIEW
DETAILED PLAN SEGMENT
SUDes 2018
PROPOSED TYPOLOGIES AND FACILITIES
95
New Approach to Improved Air Quality Lili Smith, United States
DETAIL PLAN 1:500
“Alleviate urban air pollution in Dujiangyan through strategic
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
and scalable urban typology.�
96
The Dujiangyan design site has many opportunities in relation to the underutilized river front, availability of land due to the recent earthquake, and the close proximity to the old town city center and the metro. The challenges exist in missing cohesive connections across the site, large and traffic heavy streets that act as barriers, weak connections to and across the river, minimal or miss-appropriated public spaces, lack of integrated demographics and activities, and issues with dangerous air pollution levels. The design strategy utilizes physical interventions and renovations to improve air quality while creating a discernable identity with cohesive connections to and through the site. Together these create an improved river front experience with visual indicators, integration of new housing, strengthened commercial areas, increased public gathering space and a greater diversity of demographics.
The main sustainable components and the corresponding improvements include North West and South East increased air flow corridors that will take advantage of prevailing winds. They feature green buffered car accessible and walking only streets. The residential buildings sit in blocks that are open on the north and south to increase air flow, and provide further filtration through private green space, forest like groves and community farms on the ground and in connected towers. The softened river shoreline corridor includes a large park area along the north and south river edge with slowed water bodies that are placed based on the topographical characteristics of the site. Parkland along a water body will increase fresh air flow, helping to carry pollution from the corridors, and will provide large and connected public shared spaces for social, sports and leisure activities.
COMMERCIAL STREET AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION
HOUSING SECTION
SUDes 2018
HOUSING BLOCK TYPOLOGY
97
Planning for Sustainable Communities Lise Rask, Denmark
RETAIL STREET WITH MINI-SQUARES FOR STREET-VENDING
“An attempt to design sustainable housing and living for the
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
urban poor in Dujinagyan.”
98
Every third of Dujuangyans inhabitants lives without a legal residency permit, the ‘houku’, that allows for access to health care, schools, pensions, professional jobs and housing security. This projects aims at using urban design tools to form better conditions - physically, socially and economically - for the urban poor, based on the learnings from the ‘urban villages’ that are the specific urban formations that house the urban poor in many Chinese cities. Two mixed-use neighbourhoods are pro-posed consisting of housing with adjacent farming facilities, a central retail street, and a cultural meeting point. All existing buildings on the site are protected and the organisation and form of the new homes and shops are based on the spatial qualities in the existing neighbourhoods.
Therefore the active retail street and the semiprivate alley ways has been essential to preserve. Furthermore the proposal seeks to support the self-sufficient household-economies, by providing space for crop farming adjacent to all homes, allowing space for small-scale businesses on most ground floors, plus making designated spaces for street vendors on street corners and mini-squares along the retail street.
designing for sustainable communiti strategy 1 protect and integrate
2 fill and expand
3 support self-sufficiency
to protect homes and architectural heritage from demolishment. to integrate the remaining urban and village structures, rather than demolishing or isolating them.
to develop two new neighbourhoods that reflect the cultural and architectural qualities of its surroundings
to support local household economies by providing designate space for farming, street vending and small-scale businesse
STRUCTURE PLAN
supporting local economies
shops on ground floors incl. garage shops
market halls for small scale stalls
designated space for street Vending on squares and retail streets
designated space for farming adjecent to homes and community centres
STRATEGY TO SUPPORT HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIES
Building typologies urBan Block
Village Block
2-4 floors
4-6 floors courtyards: shared private space for 14 - 20 households
neighbourhood street w. entrance doors and some shops
HIGHER neighbourhood BLOCK TYPE street WITH RETAIL STREET AND COURTYARDS w. entrance doors and some ground flor shops
densification
retail street w. shop fronts > a public space
intensification
LOWER VILLAGE-BLOCK TYPE WITH NIEGBOURHOOD STREETS AND ALLEY WAYS
alley way w. entrance doors > a semi-private space
set-backs: shared semi-private space for 3 - 5 households
demolishment SUDes 2018
courtyard: shared private space for 135-159 households
99
Street scape x Season scape Mai Torii, Japan
MASTER PLAN
“Find the sign of seasonal shift. That is the beginning of your
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
everyday trip.”
100
Dujiangyan is tourist city with ancient irrigation system. The site is facing to the touristic old city and huge hotel. Growing tourism of the city will possibly swallow the site. However, the site is next to the train station and it is commutable location to the capital city of this region, Chengdu. Not only the accessibility, Dujiangyan is rich in natural resources like mountains, forests and agricultural land. Additional to those, they have cultural heritage. The river running through the site is part of this heritage. The site has high value to become residential use. This project is aiming to create the residential community right next to the touristic area. What does tourism mean to the residents? Ordinary everyday does not have any touristic excitement. How can bridge between ordinary every day and touristic holiday? Key element to connect those two is tradition. People visiting Dujiangyan
want to see traditional ruins. Experience of tradition is the heart of tourism which is lacking in the ordinal every day. In this project, the tradition added to the everyday scape is seasonal shift. Chinese traditional calendar has sensitive division of seasonal changes. Appreciating festivals, harvesting time, and blooming and colouring of the garden trees are the traditional sense. Encouraging those activity by various scaled public realm and install slight sense of “daily trip” to this residential area. This season scape will be the bridge to the tourism for the residents.
STREET SECTION and DETAIL PLAN
FLOWER CORRIDOR AND FARMING PLOT ALONG THE RIVER
SUDes 2018
TRANSITION FROM PUBLIC TO SEMI-PRIVATE REALM
101
Sustainable Urban Dynamics 102
MODEL DOCUMENTING SEASONAL SHIFTS (@ 1:2 000) BY MAI TORII
103
SUDes 2018
Dujiangyan: The Sponge City Marcin Żebrowski, Poland
A CITY BLOCK MANAGING THE RAINWATER
“Do you know how the Sponge City works like? It works like a
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
sponge!”
104
My project is about analysing the Sponge City concept, refine it and apply in Dujiangyan context. The Sponge City is a city that is resilient to environmental challenges and adaptive to natural hazards and extreme events. In particular, it will collect the rainwater, allow water infiltration and purification in wet seasons and store water for use in dry season. The Sponge City depicts how storm and water management can be made legible and intelligible to the public. The Sponge City re-examines the relationship between human and nature by learning the laws of natural systems in order to both minimize our impact on the world we live in and to make built environments more efficient and sustainable. The Sponge City project was widely introduced project in China since 2015. There were 30 cities which were chosen to take part in the pilot project.
After many new parks and permeable surfaces that were created all over Central Eastern China, a report says that there are still many things that should be improved to meet the goal - cities functioning as sponges infiltrating and managing the stormwater. What was missing is the right education of the people responsible for implementing the project, as well as the residents. In my project I would like to emphasise the education of people, so they can treat the water as a part of their identity. The Sponge City concept in Dujiangyan is about connecting the site with the river through many canals and creating ponds by which the residents can feel that the water is there for them not only to watch but also to interact. Due to warm climate and about 1111 mm of precipitation that falls annually in Dujiangyan it becomes important to address the issue and challenge of managing primarily the rainfall water on the site.
MASTERPLAN
VISUALISATION OF THE ENTRANCE TO THE SITE WITH WATER MANAGEMENT FEATURES
SUDes 2018
SECTION SHOWING THE POND AND THE WATER COLLECTION TANKS AS INTEGRATED SYSTEM
105
Vibrant Dujiangyan
Margaretha Liliana Situmorang, Indonesia
URBAN PLAN
“The Vibrant Dujiangyan is meant to propose a sustainable way of life with locality in mind
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
and people as the center.�
106
The culture of slow life has been a part of Dujiangyan for a long time with food, fun, and festive events. The proposed design will use the present culture as the driver to promote the sustainable daily life with the elements of community, water, and agriculture. Community: to enrich the social relationship among the existing community while inviting a new community to start the engagement with the rest. The open space will be a mean of meeting place among the people and also be a local economy area which can be used to promote the local artisan. Water: to enrich the presence of water from the river and bring it to the surrounding site while also be a way of cleanse the run-off before flow back to the greater system. It will be a way of sponge-city concept on the site and create the possibility to maintain the irrigation of the farming on site.
Agriculture: to enrich the local adequacy of food supply and boost the significance function of food not only as symbol of happy daily life but also a way of create bonds among tourist and place. The green space of the commercial area will be a local food supply with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and other plants. It will be accessible for public and also a way to create more feasts. The holistic development will also supported by the presence of larger system in the city which are the agricultural campus, the economic and industrial zone, and annual festivals. There is more for life of the people inside and of the surroundings.
PUBLIC SPACE PERSPECTIVE
DETAIL PLAN (COMMUNITY)
SUDes 2018
SECTION
107
A Path for Dujiangyan María Pieltáin García, Spain
URBAN PLAN
“The main idea of the project is to create a path through the Dujiangyan milestones and new nodes that can be travelled on
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
foot or by bicycle.”
108
I create a pedestrian path that connects the Historic Center and the Irrigation System with new uses and is widened as well to create pocket parks in order to attract the tourism to the area and activate it. Along this path you will find different landmarks that help you to follow it: High-rise office buildings near the train station and hotels, which, it can improve the economic situation of the neighbourhood. A Cultural area, with a library and a museum, in the place where the Historic Centre and the Irrigation System routes converge. This new cultural space would be beneficial for the area, making room for the nearby school students to study and providing entertainment for those who visit the patients of the local hospital. And finally an area for agricultural production by the old hydro power plant.
I would like to activate the area by creating new leisure areas and strengthening the existing ones, such as: Adding new small businesses to the existing ones, along the pedestrian path towards the historic center. Relocating behind the tea-house buildings the road that separates them from the river. Finally, with reference to residential areas, the project proposes new communities with interior gardens of private use. In addition, these communities will be provided with green public parks and squares to interact between the residents. My main goal with this project is to return back to life area of the Pujiang River.
SECTIONS, analizing the different heignts.
PARK, close to the cultural area
SUDes 2018
STRATEGIES
109
IntenCity Martin Näf, Brazil
Greenhouse square
“The city should be an intense place that combine multiple layers. Tourism, parks, food production, make it unique,
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
mix it all!”
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Growing population and tourism opens huge opportunities to the area. To tackle it is necessary to understand the local building and living culture, and also the regional challenges, such as food sufficiency and Urban Sprawl. The project aim to capture these opportunities, build a dense and diverse area, while aiming for local sustainability matching the “China scale”. Dujiangyan old city center is a huge touristic attraction, and the small streets and alleys in the area also have an existing local dynamic. They will be used to strengthen the new development dynamics and streets life. From the city center a main route will bring tourists through iconic places in a lively shop boulevard. In the existing residential areas, smaller alleys connect to the boulevard, Inner Park, and river walk. These places create opportunities
for local markets and are protected from cars. To achieve a dense and mixed area that can create an intense city life, the blocks structure will follow a frame of rules, rather than a specific typology. Some parameters such as: keeping active façades, relation to existing surroundings, hidden parking lots, food production, plot ratio and number of inhabitants. China has such a rich range of textures and shapes, they also come as part of the new place in the Greenhouse towers. Placed in the nodes, the Greenhouse towers resemble the old Chinese temples in the mountains, and bring this part of the culture to the modern days.
neighborhood Identity
Dense and mixed blocks
Integrate existing areas
Green houses used as a statement to give the new area a unique look.
Blocks with high density, mixing residence, commerce, and offices. Can also include car parking, and create elevated courtyards.
New grid match existing openings and potentials. It helps to bring people inside the new area and use the existing dynamics.
Food production goals
Respect surroundings New buildings close to existing areas should respect local height, and density can be put in other areas, or inner block towers.
Idealy, with the system implemented in several areas in te future, food consumed by the city can be produced mainly inside it, reduce transport emissions and can change land use, preserving nature.
Calm areas
food production & Markets
Touristic routes
Linear park sets a calm area for residents, away from the touristic flow.
Food production in large scale ,integrated to urban fabric and sold in local markets. City should feed itself.
Coming from the old city, and guiding people through interest nodes in the site. Along this route all facades should be active.
Area axo
keep height relation
greenhouse
garage
greenhouse
shop
shop
shop
shop
water from river
20m
60m
touristic route
inner park
16m
25m
overflow goes back to river
riverfront walk 13m
Market along river
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Section
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DETAIL PLAN (@ 1:500) BY MARTIN NÄF
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SUDes 2018
Downtown Dujiangyan Mathilde Severinsen, Denmark
Axonometric drawing of downtown area
“My project focuses on density and how to connect different parts of the site and town with transit as well as social
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infrastructure.�
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Dujiangyan’s location in the borderland between the Sichuan Basin and the Tibetan Plateau explains pretty well the duality of the place. Sitting between nature and culture with beautiful sceneries to the west and a buzzing metropolis to the east Dujiangyan is a perfect spot from where to experience both. On top of that the city has a long history of both spiritual and engineering thinking, as the cradle of Taoism and with the grand irrigation system on the Min River irrigating the whole Sichuan Basin The main idea of the site is to structure it around three east-west directed transit connections from the station and out and two north-south directed community axes. First mentioned focusing on different transit modes and second connecting public space and institutions that back up and cater to the community on site.
As an important recreational space the river banks becomes two parallel linear parks that leads on the agricultural land outside the city in east and the irrigation system and mountains in west. On top of that an area of the recreational green space along the western community axis is set aside for a bamboo forest that can add a new layer to the tourist experience in Dujiangyan and connect the old city and the river-front.
Masterplan
Detail Plan
SUDes 2018
Concept diagrams
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Contextual Dujiangyan Matthew Green, England
MASTERPLAN
“Integrate the existing context with the new.”
Contextual Dujiangyan seeks to make a proposal for the site that is based on its context from three different perspectives; Country, Region and City: 1. China - Avoid the negative pitfalls of Chinese Urbanism in a wider sense e.g.: Dispossession of Land from the people, Destructive rather than Additive Development Process.
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2. Sichuan - Be a part of, and serve the regional community of Sichuan Province e.g.: Tourism Economy, Gateway West, Food Culture
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3. Dujiangyan - Respond to local conditions and balance current and future needs e.g.: Local Businesses, Residents, and Street Culture + Tourists, Migrants, New Residents. Core concepts of the Masterplan: Key Links - A pedestrianised street connects the Old Town, Railway Station
and new Cultural Centre utilising the river as a main thoroughfare integrating the Tourist economy Filtered Permeability - Through-traffic for cars is limited to main shopping streets whilst predominantly residential areas are accessed by quieter cul-desacs. The plan remains walkable with smaller alleys and internal courtyards allowing people to meander across site. Sustainability - Existing cultures, communities and structures are maintained and enhanced whilst new infrastructure increases the density to accommodate new comers. Shared facilities within city blocks foster community and reduce the city’s impact. Affordance - Street life is encouraged with setbacks and pocket parks along streets, providing unprogrammed space that residents and visitors can make their own - A common practice in China.
Connect to Context
Existing Buildings
Boundary Conditions
Infill Projects
Pocket Parks & Courtyards
Internal Connections
Define Existing Grid
Shopping Streets
Unprogrammed Space
Pedestrian Routes
Define New Grid
Building Typologies
Transport Hub & Local Centre
DESIGN PROCESS
AERIAL VIEW SHOWING OLD VS NEW
SUDes 2018
SECTION/ELEVATION OF TYPICAL BLOCK ALONG MAIN PEDESTRIAN STREET
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Street Life in Dujiangyan Michael Schæfer, Denmark
Masterplan
“Creating an area full of life Day and Night! - A Lively and active Dujiangyan.”
The concept is to revitalize the area. How to do this, is to establish roads and connections with the site, and create a link to the old town, a natural move to the area, by establishing pedestrian roads and commercial/shopping streets to lure in people with cafés and shops.
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Creating a very densely built area, with residential flat on top of the commercial bottom floor, creating life through out the day and the evening.
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The block structure creates a space for the people living in the area. A private space for daily life - not disturbed by the street life which goes on just on the other side of the building. A green and calm space for all. Throughout the area there will be hotels or smaller inns, to accommodate the rising numbers of tourists, which it itself also will liven up the area.
The site also needs a hook or hooks, which is why I will establish a food market and redevelop the abandoned hydroelectric plant to a citizen site with the park surrounding it. A place, where the water is calmer that further up river, the park can be a place for a stroll or for a chat with your friends.
Streets and roads network
Main square illustration
River and street plaza illustration
Public places
Typology of buildings
SUDes 2018
Detail plan
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Open City2
Mindaugas Staniunas, Lithuania
STREET VIEW
“I wish the site to be an efficient form of living yet human and environment friendly.�
Dujiangyan shares with us a city story of thousands years old. It is bound to water, mountains and outstanding human engineering capacity. The end of the 20th century saw significant changes represented by rapid growth of similarlooking residential areas and extensive car road network.
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The project pays special attention to sustainable development: the main focus goes to compactness, resilience and movement. The site is expected to be an efficient form of living yet human and environment friendly.
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Each block consists of a 100% builtup area (a podium) and the extra residential buildings on it. The podium functions as a vibrant, public oriented row of buildings and secures active street-scape while the elevated part prioritizes residents’ privacy and offers a set of green spaces and improved micro climate.
Movement within the area is primarily designed for public transport, walking and biking. The blocks are shorter what provides better experiences for pedestrians and all streets have enough space to accommodate bicyclists. The project is flexible in terms of implementation nevertheless public spaces and recreational elements are believed to be the most promising starting points. An improved cityscape involving various urban and natural elements is believed to become pleasant surroundings to live in.
DETAIL PLAN
RIVERSIDE PARK VIEW
SUDes 2018
MAIN STREET SECTION
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RRR Dunjiangyan Nadja Jeppsson, Sweden
The RRR G (Green)hub is on the south side of the river bank. This hub is identified as the inland island due to its temporal water filtration system that envelop it. It provides the a range of activities such as a compost facility, biogas production, agricultural centre, plantation ground, food market, event space and mixed use spaces.
“My projects offer an urban solution to help China resolve
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its waste management crisis. ”
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China is ranked as the world’s largest no.1 trash producer. About 85% of the country’s 7 billion tons of waste is in landfills, whereby most of it is in unlicensed dumps in the countryside. This year, China announced its first ever ban on imports of international waste. The aim by 2025 is to recycle 35% of its waste and some improvements are already underway. Industrial waste and factories have been controlled by strict regulations. However, domestic waste remains a challenge due to lacking processes and incentives. The RRR strategy is to implement hubs at key nodes on the site that offer different functions to educate, enrich culturally and socially, support local economy, take advantage of resources and make a spatial impact that could affect the lives of people across all age groups.
The proposal of Dujiangyan offer four hubs whereby each has its own theme. In addition, smaller recycling facilities are consistently provided across the site for local waste management within each block and neighbourhood. RRR C is a commercial hub and is located at the heart of the high street. It offer second hand shops, swap shops, up-cycling facilities, underground manufacturing etc. RRR P is intended for production and provide a recycling station, a warehouse, workspaces etc. RRR S enrich the existing community through knowledge centre, exhibition hall, workshop facilities, waste transit station etc. RRR G is focused on energy production, resource preservation, food production and public inter activities.
Showcasing architectural, social and practical
A typical block demonstrating a waste drop-off
qualities of RRR C.
point with other sustainable urban solutions.
Commercial High Street.
Green promenade towards RRR S.
SUDes 2018
Detail plan of river crossing from RRR G.
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Where Space Becomes Place Nowrin Faria, Bangladesh
Detail Plan of Art Village
“Creating places for outdoor activities to improve and balance the social and ecological life of
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Dujiangyan.”
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The study trip to China gave me the chance to observe activities around public spaces and street life. The major design challenges were, pedestrian accessibility, preserving local identity and revitalizing green public spaces. The main idea is to develop cycling and walking pathways that run through the site and riverside-enforcing healthy lifestyle and environment for the residents and tourists. To densify the area, new road connections are made focusing on cycling and walking. One of the streets which I called “Mah jong Street” is the social street of my proposal where people can meet in their everyday life. The unused void spaces and opening up the private courtyards will create a socially sustainable network of diversity, where people can meet. The aim is to improve and create sequence of green areas as in form of interactive courtyards, plazas, park, urban firming land or urban woodland which will enhance the biodiversity and natural condition. Riverside board walk
is another public place where people can find themselves more connected with river and its scenic beauty. Super blocks as “Art Villages” located on the northern part are a place where different kind of Chinese arts and crafts are produced and sold. On the ground level of these units, there are workshops for artists and on the upper floors they have their own private space and terraces. To conclude, China is very diverse in terms of culture and yet very conservative in their daily life. To maintain that social lifestyle along with sustainability design issues, I have proposed a mixed used neighbourhood where outdoor public spaces are equally important along with walkability.
Mah Jong Street Life
Bird’s Eye View
SUDes 2018
Section of Art Village Area
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Pedestrian Connection Rebecca O’Connor, Ireland
1:500 ZOOM IN PLAN
“I hope create a more sustainable lifestyle for the inhabitants of the site by focusing on the walkability of
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the area.�
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The aim of my project is to improve the walkability of the site by increasing the connections through the site to the rest of the city. One of the most effective ways to improve the sustainability of a city is by increasing the pedestrianism of its inhabitants. Following a 5 minute city design, I dispersed the public services throughout the site. I planned to activate the waterfront by adding a linear park on the north bank and an urban market area on the south. The lot areas are small to allow for diversity with future development and to allow openness throughout the site.
55MINUTE MINUTE CITYCITY
These are some of the principles I used to create the beginning of a more sustainable Dujiangyan. My hope is that these guidelines can also be used in the future to develop the rest of the city as it plans to become a major tourist city by 2030. The city will become more tourism focused in the future but I believe that if they do not look after the residents then the city will never develop to its full potential.
1:2000 MASTER PLAN
EVEN DISTRIBUTION EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICES OF SERVICES
PERSPECTIVE OF PARK
SUDes 2018
GREEN GREEN& & BLUE BLUE CORRIDORS CORRIDORS
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Balanced Dujiangyan Rebekka Guðmundsdóttir, Iceland
THE LIFE IN BETWEEN
”A favourable living conditions through balancing Yin and Yang
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energies.”
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The religious landscape and its connections to the roots of the settlement of Dujiangyan played an important role for me throughout this project. The situation of the city takes us to the philosophical part of the Chinese culture, where leaning against mountain and facing water is the ideal spot for a living environment that balances the Yin and Yang energy. The origination of the Taoism adds aswell cultural connotations to the city and its environment where the Taoism connects people and the nature together. Feng Shui theory aims to create favorable living conditions by thoroughly investigating all of the aspects of the natural environment, the cosmic realm and the built environment and how they relate to our needs and how we can bring a certain harmony into the environment. Where you can thrive materially and emotionally through balancing yin and yang energies. Yin and Yang determines the appearance
and temperament of a building. This balance can be implemented through the structure of the urban form by following certain rules regarding directions, materials, natural objects, shapes, natural lights and layouts. The north side of the river has uninterrupted sight lines from the river to the mountain that create openings in the urban form, were you can connect to the mountain. Sight lines hold the urban landscape that flows through the urban form, the build structure and roads are quite logical, readable and create an easy and walkable environment, where the traditional Chinese architecture is opened up and small squares, streets and courtyards create a life. Were the architecture creates a balanced flow towards the mountain. The build structure sits close by the river and moves up to the mountain with lower buildings in the south and higher buildings up to the north. That is how to carry the Yin and to embrace the Yang.
FENG SHUI MASTER PLAN IN DUJIANGYAN
Readable urban form
North closure
Opened in the south
South entrances
High in north, low in south
BIRD EYE VIEW OF THE SITE
SUDes 2018
STRATEGIC FENG SHUI BUILD STRUCTURE
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A Place To Stay Solène Thierry, France
day-care centres
The street food market The main plaza
the cultural park Recreational island
k an
pr
a en om
de
The People’s Park
Th e
ri v
er
b
activity centres
offices
TH EC HI NE SE
GA RD
EN
shopping alleys
Alternative Toursist parking lot
N
MASTER PLAN
“Keeping the vibrant community spirit, welcoming new residents and sharing moments with passing people.
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Dujiangyan, it’s better together.”
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Upon visiting China and the site located in the city of Dujiangyan of the Sichuan province -, it appeared very clearly to me that public space holds a central position for the social life in Chinese culture.
Dujiangyan has some of the most popular tourist attractions across the all of China. However, with Chengdu nearby and close to no tourist accommodation on site, tourists come for the day and don’t stay overnight.
The streets are always packed with people dancing, discussing with their neighbours or fruit sellers, people playing Mah-jong or practicing martial arts in the park etc. However the traffic is chaotic and the state of the roads is really poor.
This proposal focuses on providing a tailored range of accommodation to choose from traditional hotel to authentic stays with local people.
My proposal offers to give a hierarchy for the different users and allocate space for the stopping and socialising. Creating new routes through the site, circulation between neighbourhoods will be made possible and has the potential to make the site attractive.
The core politic is to retain the existing thriving social life already in place with the local residents while creating more public spaces dedicated for the new-comers and passing tourists to share and enjoy.
STREET AS EXTENSION OF THE HOUSE
classic hotel
circulation space
maisonnette to rent
slow pace street
genuine chinese guesthouse
plaza
daycare and activity centres
LINKING THE COMMUNITIES THROUGH SHARED SPACE
SUDes 2018
SOME PROPOSED TYPOLOGY
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Knowledge Cluster Teresa Arana, Mexico
PERSPECTIVE FROM THE GREEN LINK TOWARDS THE TRAINING FACILITIES
“Knowledge Cluster brings together the unique potentials from the site and its context to create a new identity based on
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a knowledge economy.”
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KNOWLEDGE CLUSTER uses the existing natural and cultural resources of the city – the river, the Irrigation System and the ancient city center- and mixes it with the current structure of the site to enhance all the potentials we found on it: the train station, a hydro power plant that is no longer in use, a school and its closeness to the campus of the Sichuan Agricultural University. The train station of the high-speed railway that allows Dujiangyan to be connected to Chengdu City in less than an hour is close the site and one of the main reasons behind the concept of Knowledge Cluster. The idea is to create a new type of Transport Oriented Development based on a knowledge economy, with research, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship as the drivers, instead of consumerism. Two clusters are placed on the western and eastern side of the site, connecting north and south while anchoring existing educational facilities with
new innovation and research hubs. The hydro power plant is used as a water management and sustainability center and new infrastructure is placed to improve the hospital on site, expand the University premises and new training institutions and cultural facilities were added. Dujiangyan has a long history with water and the site is part of that history, with one of the river streams running along it from west to east. In a larger scale the city is in constant relation to water but it’s not easily accessible as a user; in the north west side the Irrigation System has become a great tourist attraction and there is a new water health park close to the industrial area that has been developed in the north eastern part. Our site is located in between these two and a new green and blue link is placed to connect it all; thus, enhancing the competitive edge for the tourism industry while improving the quality of life for residents, which was a priority.
KNOWLEDGE HUBS
STREET NETWORK
GREEN LINK
BUILT STRUCTURE
MASTER PLAN
TRAINING FACILITIES
START UP OFFICES
EXISTING COMMUNITY
GREEN LINK
TEA HOUSES LINEAR PARK PERSPECTIVE FROM SOUTHERN NEIGHBOURHOOD
SUDes 2018
NEW HOUSING BLOCK
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Bamboost
Tony Nielsen, Sweden
INSIDE THE BAMBOO FOREST
“The aim of project BAMBOOST is to highlight a sustainable natural material, by means of research, of tourism and by dynamically using bamboo in
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the public realm.�
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Since the landscape in the region is such an important factor, the vision is to integrate the local landscape surrounding Dujiangyan into the city, and to use the local landscape as a way to solve questions regarding sustainability. Bamboo is a fast-growing material, and it only takes around three years for a bamboo tree to be usable in production, in comparison to other regular wooden materials, which need at least ten years of growth. The bamboo of the site can be grown and harvested to be used for small scale production by the residents. The material can be used for a variety of products, such as lighter constructions, scaffolding, bike frames, foods, textiles, plates and cutlery, paper and agriculture tools.
The research center and the ecotourism helps raise awareness of the material and will help stimulate the local economy. The bamboo forest will require a lot of ground surface for the production to be profitable, so then must the typology be dense and tall to be profitable. As the urban structure fades into the bamboo forest, these two entities mixes and creates urban spaces where bamboo is heavily present.
THE MIX OF URBAN STRUCTURE AND BAMBOO FOREST
BAMBOO IN THE PUBLIC REALM
SUDes 2018
DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH
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The Forest City Valentina Glavica, Croatia
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
“A radical plan to save China
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from air pollution!”
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China has urbanized more rapidly than any other country in history, prioritizing development over environment. Air pollution is a severe problem in the country - one that has serious impact on people´s health and economy. To solve the pollution problem, the Chinese government created the national forest city development plan (2018 - 2025), stating that China will build 300 national forest cities by 2025. To improve the environmental condition of urban areas through greater green coverage. The cities are expected to … help reduce average air temperature. … improve air quality. … create noise barriers. … generate new wildlife habitats. … improve local biodiversity.
Forest city development in Dujiangyan is a strong and eye-catching solution for the major city problems. To have plants as a building façade means that they will … filter out dust from the city’s air. … absorb carbon dioxide. … release oxygenated air into the atmosphere. … protect the building from radiation. … protect the building from acoustic. pollution. … in summer will provide shading and micro-climate that cools the air. This concept will bring different, forest life into the built environment. The shape of courtyards and the tower form of the green buildings is chosen to help prevent against urban sprawl, providing residence with a private landscape within their apartments while offering the same advantages of living in a city.
MASTER PLAN / TOWER DIAGRAM
SECTION A-A´ / B-B´ / FACADE DIAGRAM (SPRING - SUMMER - AUTUMN - WINTER)
SUDes 2018
ZOOM IN / PERSPECTIVE VIEW / WATER EDGE
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Linear Spaces Victor Ohlsson, Sweden
Canal along the street
“Creating a network of linear public spaces, the site connects to the surrounding city, creates meeting points and
Sustainable Urban Dynamics
invites you into the area.�
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The site is located next to the old town but lacks clear connections to it. The river flows through the site but is today more of a barrier and something that divides the area. It is majorly senior citizens who inhabit the site. When interviewing some of them, they all said that they wanted more parks and green areas, social public places and areas where you can socialize by the river. The north-west corner of the site, work as an integrator for the area and becomes a natural meeting point with a new square. By using linear public spaces from this meeting point invites you into the site and gives it a clear connection to the old town. A green belt along the river gives the area increased connection and enhances the river. It is connected to the new square and helps it work as an inviter. The typology is creating different neighbourhoods, some with a simple
block structure and some with more scattered buildings. From the main square, towards the river buildings are high rise that enhance the park in front of the river. Facing the main streets the buildings are mixed use and more high-rise to enhance the linear public space on the street. Inside of the blocks the buildings becomes smaller and are mainly residential. To take better advantage of the river, small scale canals are connected to it. They run throughout the site and enhance the linear space as they guide you through some of the main streets and paths. The canals also provide storm water management and provide water to several places to have local urban farming.
Detail plan
Bird’s eye view
SUDes 2018
Riverfront park
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MASTER PLAN (@ 1:2 000) BY VICTOR OHLSSON
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SUDes 2018
A New Village Life In Dujiangyan Wenying Ma, China
COURTYARD LIFE INSIDE THE SITE
“Live in an attractive space with new chances and slow path
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life!�
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After the earthquake, many residents moved to outskirts of the city, which means people who work in the city need to get off work earlier. Compared with the original situation, the vitality of the city center and the ancient city is reducing, especially at night time. Most of the residents living in the city center are elderly people and children. The city itself lacks development, and it cannot attract young people to work or live here. On the other hand, the economy of Dujiangyan rely on tourism. But these tourists do not choose to live in this place. After visiting the project of water management project, Qingchen mountain and the ancient city part, most people will go to Chengdu downtown area and spend more time in Chengdu city (Maybe the city lack of interest points and night time activities). It is important to link the design area with the old city and bring different kinds of people into this area (both the
residents and tourists). First step is creating roads leading to the riverside to make waterfront accessible and try to active this area by continuing the feeling of the old city (shops on the ground floor and other functions above). Dujiangyan has a long history. It is important to preserve the historical footprint of the city and inherit the traditional culture(tea culture, skills of making special hand-crafts and water management system). These can be protected by opening some museums (which also provide some interest points in this city) and studios (which provide chance for young people to run their own business). People here can enjoy the slow pace life in the new community. Young people can run their own business, and try to realize their dreams here. The elderly also have enough space to communicate with others or plant some plants in their leisure time.
ZOOM IN PLAN
SUDes 2018
PUBLIC POCKET SPACES ALONG THE STREETS
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THE OLD CITY
144
ISOMETRIC DIAGRAM BY WENYING MA
THE STATION
SUDes 2018
THE WATERFRONT
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Exhibition
Exhibition Autumn 2018 The results of two SUDes Master’s Program design studios Urban Dynamics and Urban Recycling were exhibited together in the Foyer of the School of Architecture from December 18th, 2018 to January 5th, 2019.
The autumn semester design courses resulted in 83 unique proposals and sustainable visions for two sites: Chengdu, China (Urban Dynamics) and Ystad Harbor, Sweden (Urban Recycling). While dealing with completely different urban scales and context, the students of both studios have challenged the conventional approaches to sustainability and presented holistic proposals for their complex sites.
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URBAN DYNAMICS EXHIBITION
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URBAN DYNAMICS EXHIBITION
IMAGE: TERESA ARANA
FINAL REVIEW PRESENTATIONS
FINAL REVIEW PRESENTATIONS
FINAL REVIEW PRESENTATIONS
SUDes 2018
URBAN DYNAMICS EXHIBITION
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Afterword
Challenging Tomorrow From our initial discussions on the effects of globalization to our discussions on the social and economic implications of Dujiangyan’s current urban development policies, we have had a wealth of inspiring conversations through seminars, tutorials, and lectures that have been translated into this collection of student work. From drawings showing alternative infill and revitalization strategies for Dujiangyan’s traditional hutong residential area to explorations of sustainable visions for the future growth of the city of Dujiangyan, we feel there is so much potential in the conversations held within these pages. We hope they have inspired you all as much as they have us.
To all our students we would like to thank you for these 16 weeks. We have seen you all progress throughout these weeks, and we believe that as you grow in experience and knowledge you all have the potential to make our world a better and more sustainable place.
We hope this studio has been an incubator of ideas and has given everyone involved the belief that if we all continue to push ourselves through research, reflection, and drawing the answers to the challenges of today will come.
Peter Siöström Associate Professor Director of SUDes Master’s Program Sustainable Urban Design Lund University
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Andreas Olsson Course Leader Sustainable Urban Design Lund University
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Atanaska Foteva Teaching Assistant Sustainable Urban Design Lund University
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SUDes 2018
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SUDes 2018
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Ax:son Johnson Institute for Sustainable Urban Design Lund University
Sustainable Urban Design Master’s Program School of Architecture Lunds Tekniska HÜgskola P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden +46 46 222 00 00 www.stadsbyggnad.lth.se
Lund University P.O. Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden +46 46 222 00 00 www.lunduniversity.lu.se
Partner Universities:
Southwest Jiaotong University School of Architecture and Design Chengdu, China
Nanjing Tech University School of Architecture Nanjing, China
Beijing Jiaotong University School of Architecture Beijing, China
Peking University College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture Beijing, China
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Kunming University of Science and Technology School of Architecture and City Planning Kunming, China
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Printed at Media-Tryck Lund, Sweden March, 2019