2.4.3 Local Level

policies and plans, by first identifying the institutional gaps and development needs. The plan addresses and observes especially the following topics: heat waves, floods, rainfall variability, increasing temperatures and droughts (NAP Global Network, 2016). Based on the observation, the plan has evaluated the following sectors as the ones in need for adaptation measurements are: Water, Energy, Tourism, Settlements, Agriculture and Forestry (Ministry of Environment, 2016).

// National Communication of the Republic of Albania under the UNFCCC This report is developed in the context of Albania’s membership in the UNFCCC, and aims to give an overview of the commitment done for mitigating climate change impacts and more specifically the greenhouse gas emission. The latest was published almost three years ago, and it gives a detailed analysis of the observed indicators in the waste, energy and transport, industry sectors. The report continues with a GHG Inventory, depicting the share of the emissions for each sector. Even though Albania is a country with a low-carbon economy, it is committed to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions (compared to the baseline scenario) by 11,6% until 2030 (Ministry of Environment, 2016).

2.4.3 Local Level

// Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan of Tirana The CCAAPT is developed under the Climate Change Adaptation in Western Balkans, a project implemented with the support of GIZ. It was launched in 2015 and provides a vulnerability assessment of different urban sectors, evaluates the risks, and proposes a set of adaptive options to be integrated within the existing instruments and policies. The main purpose of this plan is to create and document adaptive options in order to manage risks and build up climate resilience across different sectors. The vulnerability assessment is based on observed climate change conditions and climate change scenarios for the future (Municipality of Tirana, 2015). // Green City Action Plan of Tirana In 2018, with the support of Arup, the Municipality of Tirana launched its Green City Action Plan (GCAP). Again, the plan affirms the adaptation deficit that the city of Tirana has regarding climate change, and it points out the need for a more sustainable use of resources. To ensure the smart growth of the city, the plan prioritizes clear objectives in these five fields: 1. Sustainable Mobility; 2. Green Spaces & Biodiversity; 3. Sustainable Energy; 4. Resource Management; 5. Climate Change Resilience & Adaptation. Actions taken within these goals aim not only to improve the legislative measurements and the policy frameworks in regard to sustainable development, but to increase the capital investment programs and projects from the private and public sector. Other short term planned actions include: planning of sustainable urban drainage solutions to manage surface water and prevent flooding; planning of buildings with heat adaption designs such as white facades, use of blinds, green roofs, efficient cooling technologies, planning of green spaces and trees that absorb the most CO2 and are able to adapt to Tirana’s climate to ensure longevity through the year (Municipality of Tirana, 2018).

// Tirana 2030 - Master Plan Tirana 2030 is the Master Plan of the capital of Albania, developed by Stefano Boeri Architects, and has its main vision toward reclaiming the natural landscape of the city. Ten are the main themes that the plan tackles: biodiversity, polycentrism, widespread knowledge, mobility, water, geopolitics, tourism, accessibility, agriculture and energy. The plan recognizes the fact that Tirana is one of the densest cities in Europe, with a very compressed public area. Therefore, the plan proposes the exploitation of the vertical context in order to save up public space, and moreover it suggests the integration of green facades and roofs on a large scale. Regarding the reclamation of the natural dimension in the city, the plan introduces a continuous orbital forest in the outskirts of the city, by creating this way new ecological corridors along Lana and Tirana River (Stefano Boeri Architects, 2017).