Here’s a list of some well-known ingredients :
Alpha Arbutin: Alpha arbutin has a cleverer way to combat Hyperpigmentation. It penetrates deep within the skin & suppresses melanin production, which is most effective against Hyperpigmentation.
Tyrosine is an amino acid that catalyses melanin production by binding to the Tyrosinase enzyme.
Alpha arbutin is a Tyrosine Analogue. It binds to tyrosinase at its active site, which in turn prevents Tyrosine from binding. Thus, inhibiting the production of excess melanin.
Exfoliating acids
Exfoliants such as AHA‘s & BHA’s can help remove pigmentation superficially. They simply weaken the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to slough off easily.
AHA such as Glycolic acid, Lactic acid & Mandelic acid can work best for Hyperpigmentation. However, Mandelic acid is most preferred and for all the right reasons.