Inernship Booklet_Line of Goodwill_Auroville by sujithra ranganathan

| | LINE OF FORCE 1 - LINE OF GOODWILL - Conceptual Study & Analysis

| PATH - Planning & Architecture Towards Holistic Development

CONTENTS 01 Context 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

1.5

Introduction to Auroville City Form Evolution Surrounding Areas and their Developmental Influence Auroville Master Plan 1.4.1 Zonal Characteristics 1.4.2 Residential Zone 1.4.3 Key Features- Crown and the Lines of Force Roger Anger’s sketches

7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

02 Related Studies 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2

Understanding the Galaxy Grid Attributes of Design for large scale buildings Beauty as an Attribute of design- toolkit Sector 5 Residential zone and the Line of Goodwill

23 29 33

03 Line of Goodwill Area Study 3.1 Lines of Force- Areas and proposed population 3.2 Existing roads and buildings 3.3 Land Ownership Map 3.4 Contour Map 3.5 Google Map with Existing Vegetation, Contours and LoG Footprint

35 37 39 41 43

04 Line of Goodwill- Analytical Exploration 4.1 Footprint Area study 4.2 Volumetric Study 4.3 Study of Built space Sections

45 47 49

CONTENTS 05 Line of Goodwill-Massing Exploration 5.1 Iteration 1 5.2 Iteration 2 5.3 Iteration 3 5.4 Iteration 4

53 61 63 64

06 Case Studies 6.1 Case Studies within Auroville 6.1.1 Citadines 6.1.2 Sunship 6.2 International case studies 6.2.1 Habitat 67, Montreal 6.2.2 Interlace, Singapore

65 68

07 Suggestions for further exploration and studies

08 Annexure: Visitors Centre Case study

69 72

INTRODUCTION This document for the Line of Goodwill is a study initiated and guided by Helmut Schmid and undertaken by PATH Architects and Planners as a reference document for the planning and design related work on the Line of Goodwill (LoG) by different consultants. This work attempts to provide base material for initiating the work on LoG. It also points out the different parameters necessary to be considered. Additionally, it gives a directional input towards visualising the LoG so as to generate a rich discussion and address the different attributes of Design to be included in the brief. What to expect from this document: . 1. Documentation • Vision of Auroville- Spiritual and Spatial • Geographic and demographic context of Auroville and immediate surrounding areas • The important features of the Auroville Master Plan • Roger’s sketches of the lines of Force 2. Study • The attributes of design to be considered for LoG • Response to the Galaxy Plan • Line of Goodwill Area Study of 400x400 m • Area analysis of LoG footprint • Sectional understanding of the stepped mass of LoG 3. LoG Massing Options • Option drawing inspiration from Roger’s sketch • Options to understand the vision of ‘mountain section’

What not to expect from this document: Study of Mobility: The mobility study, one of the most important parameters to approach the detailed work on the Line of Goodwill is beyond the scope of this document. The reference to the same has been made in the documentation and study part, such as Billinger’s study model and in the contextual situation of the LoG. Sustainability related studies: Studies related to water and energy, standards and parameters have not been undertaken here. Design resolution: This work does not attempt the design of the LoG. All the work included in the study and massing may point towards raising appropriate questions and may give leads to the designers and clients to use as a basis on which to frame the design and usage parameters.

1.1

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INTRODUCTION TO AUROVILLE

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1.2

Envisioned

as a physical dimension representing the Vision for life in Auroville and based on the initial sketch and regular inputs for this material conception by The Mother, the plan of Auroville was designed by the chief architect Roger Anger, who came up with a series of plans. Mother found this process appropriately culminating with the ‘galaxy’ plan. The Galaxy plan of Auroville is a balanced fabric of built and unbuilt spaces. With the peace zone at its centre, the entire layout is a swirl of dynamic movement from the centre to the outside, with fingers of built environment moving outward and fingers of green moving inward, all in a surprising and creatively interwoven matrix. It represents an evolutionary unfolding and with its simultaneous porosity and density, facilitates interconnections at various scales and levels.

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CITY FORM EVOLUTION- 'GALAXY PLAN'

Fig1.2 The Mother’s sketch (1965)

Fig 1.3 Hexagonal Study sketch by Roger Anger by Roger Anger

Fig 1.4 Nebula Study sketch by Roger Anger | | LINE OF FORCE 1 - LINE OF GOODWILL - Conceptual Study & Analysis

Fig 1.5 The Galaxy Plan by Roger Anger | PATH - Planning & Architecture Towards Holistic Development 9

1.3

The Auroville Township area lies in Villupuram district and is flanked by other villages such as Bommapalayam, Kottakuppam, Rayapudupakkam, Mathur , Alankuppam and others as noted in the table along with their population. The development and population growth in thee villages is rapid. As opposed to that, Auroville, which is envisioned for a population of 50,000 people, even after 50 years of inauguration and with a projected population of 25,000 people by 2010 and 50,000 people by 2025 if the infrastructure for the same were developed (from Auroville Official Perspective Master Plan Document 2001), is presently populated by 3,000 people. The lack of balance in the development and population within and surrounding Auroville is critical to be addressed and worked upon. Work on conception, infrastructure and construction of The Line of Goodwill, which will house around 8000 people and have a provision of varied amenities ranging from residences, health facilities, educational hubs and exhibition areas to shops, cafes and gyms, may be an appropriate and timely step to work towards making a sustainable base for the growth of population in Auroville.

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AUROVILLE SURROUNDING AREAS & THEIR DEVELOPMENTAL INFLUENCE

Fig 1.1 Auroville Base map - Showing surrounding villages

Fig 1.2 Developmental influence zones around Auroville

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1.4

The Auroville Master Plan Area is in the form of a circle of 2.5 km radius encompassing 20 sq. km. Of this, a radius of 1.25 km (area of 5 sq.km.) is predominantly urban surrounded by 1.25 km wide band (area of 15 sq.km.) of ‘Green belt’ which is predominantly a zone for environmental regeneration, afforestation, sanctuaries and organic farming. The green belt is interspersed by 6 villages and a pocket of Puducherry. The vision behind Auroville’s planning and development right from its conception is to harbour an intense and close interrelationship between the City Area and the outside rural area, including the Green Belt, which will be of a synergical nature. Each would complement the other, and support the activities in the ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ sectors, thus reducing the urban and rural divide that has crept into urban planning elsewhere, and encouraging a rural - urban continuum. Development guidelines encourage development without violating the principles of planning for the common good. The zoning and development regulations cover four broad areas, namely land uses, maximum buildable area on all floors in a given context, total floor area that can be covered on a site and minimum size of site required for development where applicable.

on form or amenities and without sacrificing or reducing the amount of open spaces, which determine the quality of environment and living conditions. b. To establish that conversion of agriculture lands for urban use should be avoided to the maximum extent. The social infrastructure required for serving the residential population is proposed to be at four levels namely, · Cluster or community level, serving a population of 250 persons. · Sector level, serving a population of 1,000 persons. · Neighbourhood level, serving a population of 5,000 persons · City/District level, serving an ultimate target of 50,000 persons Movement strategy: The cycling and walking paths are to become a primary network and the motorised transport routes a secondary one.

The objective of the development of design is twofold: a. To establish that urban areas can and should achieve high densities, without compromising

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AUROVILLE MASTER PLAN

Matrimandir

Peace area

Fig 1.3 Auroville context map with zones | | LINE OF FORCE 1 - LINE OF GOODWILL - Conceptual Study & Analysis

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1.4.1

The overall concept of planning and physical development provides for a point of emanation, Peace Area (Matrimandir, gardens and lake), surrounded by four zones: Cultural, International, Industrial and Residential. Peace Area: At the centre of Auroville is peace area where Matrimandir is located, meant fundamentally for the connection of each resident with their central inner being, their true source of peace. Cultural Zone: Main infrastructure for education and research International Zone: Pavilions that present in living manner the deep unity of nations and peoples while also celebrating the diversity of their cultures. Industrial Zone: Place for economic activity for supporting the township, with an emphasis on productivity based on collaboration and collective knowledge. Residential Zone: Accomodation ranging from low to high density with architectural design that is inspiring and which facilitates easy communication and interaction between the residents.

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AUROVILLE MASTER PLAN - ZONAL CHARACTERISTICS

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Fig 1.4 Zonal land use | PATH - Planning & Architecture Towards Holistic Development 15

1.4.2

Built mass and density: The master plan suggests the main concentration of Auroville’s population to be in the Residential Zone. The overall density in the Residential Zone will be 240 persons/ha. There will be housing developments ranging from low-density individual housing units to high-density community units as indicated in Table 21. Spreading from Crown at the smaller side towards the Green belt on the wider, the Residential zone offers a closer community lifestyle with a dense and interconnected mixeduse building fabric. Amenities such as community kitchens, meeting halls, offices, workshops and necessary services like launderettes, grocery and dispensaries are to be Integrated here as well as the connection to the urban infrastructure. The floor space per person will be in the order of 30 sq. m and 55% of the area will remain unpaved. The proposed development would be achieved with lower densities closer to the crown area and higher densities as they approach the green belt, as per the galaxy concept. Movement: The movement would be predominantly a non-motorised one, with a continuous and non-interrupted flow, which necessitates boundary free movement and an accessibility through the parts of smaller units or communities. A lifestyle oriented towards walking and cycling is promoted and facilitated by every development to come in the RZ. A system of Covered Walkways which are integrated into the built fabric will provide connectivity and access with protection from direct sunlight and rain. Those Covered Walkways will connect to the walking path network in the Green Zone offering direct most convenient

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connections within the sectors. Cycle-paths will infiltrate both Urban and Green Zone offering most efficient movement routes using the Green Corridors as a backbone. Together those elements form a comprehensive movement ream which will transform daily routine of Residential Zone residents. (from DDP 2016). There will be no through traffic in the sectors; the emergency access for all the residential developments will be provided. The limited motorised transport service roads will be narrowed down to Crown, Radials and the Access Roads. Service Nodes: There are two types of service nodes suggested in the Proposed Land Use Plan. Primary Nodes, located at the boundary of the township, would regulate most of the visitors’ traffic. The visitor would shift to a non-polluting transport mode to visit the various places in the township. It would also provide a space (for social as well as economic purposes) for interaction between Auroville and the surrounding villages. It will include tourist related facilities and services. Secondary service nodes are proposed to function as additional regulatory / channelising nodes up to which the resident could bring their vehicles for parking and garage facilities. As Auroville has yet to acquire a large amount of land, especially in theT green belt area, the secondary nodes, which are closer to the city area, would be developed first. Green: Despite being an Urban zone and catering to different densities, the porosity in the building fabric will allow for a flow of green spaces, which symbolically and practically become the continuity of the Green belt and the network of healthy open spaces in Urban fabric.

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AUROVILLE MASTER PLAN - RESIDENTIAL ZONE

sec.1 sec.5

sec.2 sec.4

sec.3

Fig 1.5 Residential zone highlighted Legend RZ-sector 1, 2 , 3 , 4 RZ-sector 5

Source : Auroville mobility report by Billinger

Fig 1.6 Sector 5 Mobility Proposal

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1.4.3 The Crown: There is a special use zone, which traverses all the four zones in a concentric fashion with a width of about 75 meters, consisting of a circular vein of movement with buildings facing it. This is termed as the ‘Crown Area’. The Crown area will provide most of the service facilities required to support the activities in the four zones mentioned on page--. The development and land use in the Crown area will specifically different, depending upon its proximity to or interface with the zone it moves through. Crown, a sequence of public buildings and spaces – is envisaged to include pedestrians, cyclists and playing children. Motorised traffic - though not entirely restricted, will adapt its speed so as to not endanger anybody. There will be no throughtraffic or casual traffic; a motorist will enter the Crown only on an unavoidable mission. The design will visibly discourage fast movement; the change in the pattern, colour and texture of paving materials, street furniture, narrow passages (down to a mere 3 mtr. width), trees in the middle of the street and last but not least the complete absence of pedestrian platforms, will create an atmosphere where high speed is not appropriate and eager motorists feel completely out of place. An essential precondition and subject of ongoing research is a slow moving, frequent, cheap, comfortable and non-polluting public transport system on the Crown, circling in both directions. Such a system of mobility would eliminate the need of sound protection for the buildings on the Crown and allow closeness by recreating the old friendship between street and building. The Lines of Force: The swirl of the dynamic mass in the Galaxy plan is further heightened in the third dimension by a very aesthetic and

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unique development of heights, which give a variety of built spaces in a height development varying from Ground floor to Ground + 18 floors. The height development is reached by a slow increase, from sector to sector, in the Residential and the Industrial Zones. The highest in each sector of the two zones are the curved masses flowing in a continuous built form, which use a contradiction of density and porosity, named as the ‘Lines of Force’. These start from Ground floor and continue to rise to a specific height while at the same time, creating a stepped rise of mass on either sides, to create a ‘mountain’ effect. These rise above the rest of the city, are distinct in their form and are marked by terraces at various levels that communicate with the built mass around, absorbing a high density in a small footprint. The density of 50,000 persons in the township calls for an approach which allows high rise development without the clutter and lack of open spaces as is seen elsewhere. With a compact development ensuring that the remainder of the land can be developed more as open space, the lines of force promise a solution towards density with harmony. In the other two zones, the built fabric is scattered and low rise. This contrast creates a rhythm and a synergy for the entire area and creates a multitude of possibilities in terms of quality of spaces at site level designs.

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KEY FEATURES- CROWN AND THE LINES OF FORCE

MATRI MANDIR BANYAN TREE

INTERNATIONAL ZONE

PLANT

PLANT PLANT

PLANT

ST NT ST

OT NT

TEAK

OT ST ST

ST ST

NT ST

ST ST ST

NT OT

ST ST

3 CULTURAL ZONE

5 4 10 7 6

RESIDENTIAL ZONE

Legend The Crown Lines of Force Line of Goodwill |

Galaxy Footprint

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Fig 1.7 Galaxy footprint with Lines of Force and Crown highlighted | PATH - Planning & Architecture Towards Holistic Development 19

1.5

Lines of Force are one of the most important features of the Galaxy Plan and play a central role in defining the ‘dynamic movement’ of this plan form. They create a ‘hill like’ ambiance in the city area while at the same time providing the possibility of compact development, optimising the use of land and efficient service infrastructure. Embarking on designing a Line of Force, even the smallest, requires a thorough understanding of the Vision behind the given form. The vision for different aspects of the built fabric of the Galaxy plan has been exemplified by Roger through a number of sketches. Roger’s sketches for the Lines of Force reveal a porous fabric of buildings which are placed in a continuous punctuated band. Plans at various levels may show scattered development, but with a genius stepping up of the built fabric on both sides as well as unifying elements, there is given a possibility of forming a series of connected built spaces. Following are the attributes of design identified and researched on for an inspiring application of the vision:

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• Aspect of Beauty • Health in built environment • Response to Climate • Porosity • Cohesivity • Unity • Diversity • Distinctiveness • Simplicity • Order • Flexibility • Inclusiveness • Collective and Social aspect • Experimental • Holistic • Sustainable

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ROGER ANGER'S SKETCHES- REFERENCE FOR THE LINES OF FORCE

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2.1

The dynamic lines from Roger Anger’s sketch clearly point to a movement within the outer circle of connections which are short distance, interesting and capable of creating a complexity which can enrich the spaces coming up in subsequent years. In trying to understand the basis of those lines, we have gone step by step to see how the movement has been created by non-concentric circles and thereby a formation of spiral arms. The aim of the study is to understand the appropriateness of the lines in the plan and discover a smaller grid, which if used as basis of design and orientation for buildings on smaller sites, can lead finally to the development of galaxy grid as envisioned in MP 1965. The process of study has been explained with the respective figures. The grid of the galaxy fabric as well as the direction of lines of force can be seen to follow the movement of spiral arms, although not rigidly and thus this study can be used to form a grid on smaller sites for correlation with the larger plan.

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UNDERSTANDING THE ‘GALAXY’ GRID

fig 2.1

Basic Grid for Auroville given by Roger Anger

fig 2.2

Identification of non-concentric circles

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E-NE N-NE

City area

Crown

1b 1a Radius 1.25 km

1c Radius 682m

E-SE

2500.0 1363.6

3 Radius 398m 2a

Peace Area C1 C3 C2

1136.7 4x/3 113.3=x 5x/6 2x x/3 x/6 x/3 C1 C3 C2

C1 C3 C2

1:1.2

S-SE

2b Radius 208m

1: 1.17

ent of the centres of to create base for a spiral.

1: 1.095

fig 2.3

Movement of the centres of circles to create base for a spiral.

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1.1

fig 2.4

C1 represents the centre of the city area boundary. Making 22 parts of the 2.5km long diameter of circle 1a= 113m, modular dimension. C2 is exactly 113 m away from C1 and C3 is half of this distance. All circles are centered on the given diameter. The diagram shows the proportional relationship of each circle with the 113m grid on the diameter.

1.2

1: 1.095 W-SW

fig 2.5

The entire composition within the circle 1a is divided by diagonals into 12 parts, with C2 as the centre point, dividing the entire city boundary into equal angled and unequal sized pie shaped parts. The proportion of one side of each base diagonal to the other side, along each direction, is given in the diagram above. It varies from equal 1:1 along ENE-WSW axis to a proportion of 1:1.2 on NNW-SSE axis

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UNDERSTANDING THE ‘GALAXY’ GRID

E-NE N-NE

C1 C3 C2

S-SE

1: 1.17

1: 1.095

fig 2.6 As shown in the diagram, each of the circles is divided into 12 parts where they intersect with the diagonals. These form the dots to join into basic spiral arms

C1 C3 C2

1:1.2

E-SE

1: 1.095 W-SW

fig 2.7 Joining the points in previous fig, one arrives at spiral arms of varying lengths as per the divisions on the circles.

fig 2.8

Centrelines of each of the lines of force are seen to follow the flow created by the spiral arms

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fig 2.9 Spiral grid subdivided into 5 degrees hThe Residential zone spiral arms subdivided into smaller sections of 5° to see the direction of flow at smaller scale and be able to decode the flow of forms on smaller site levels

Grid subdivided egrees

Leg

LOF - Roger

LOF

LOF - Jacqueline

LOF

fig 2.10 Cross grid : Cross grid possibility on 5 degree grid -perpendicular to the spiral LOF - Dominic arm LOF- Louis

Cross grid possibility on fig 1.45 deg grid -b

5 deg grid

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Legend:

fig 1.8

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LOF

UNDERSTANDING THE ‘GALAXY’ GRID 09

Inference: The Galaxy footprint gives a general fabric of development for the entire city. However, the development process in Auroville follows the availability of land, which at times is in scattered pockets and then the relation to the Galaxy plan becomes difficult. The presented study concludes with a closely knit grid of 60x60 m which can be further subdivided as required as shown in the study diagrams. This grid makes a practical directional reference for each architect/project holder to refer to the Master Plan and thereby creates possibility to generate a response to Galaxy fabric and for each piece of land to be seen as a part of the whole scheme.

Legend: LOF - Roger fig 2.11 Cross grid : Cross grid along with galaxy footprint.

d possibility on 5 deg grid footprint of Auroville plan

fig 1.9

LOF - Jacqueline LOF - Dominic LOF- Louis 27

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2.2

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL NEEDS TEXTURE

For a substantially large scaled building such as the line of force which has as large number of dwellers and users, it is necessary to understand rationally and simple terms the meanings of the different attributes of design, so as to be on the same page for evaluating the design in a totally of the elements that go into making of the built environment. Following are the definitions that have come up after researching and brainstorming on the mentioned parameters.

ATTRIBUTES OF DESIGN INCLUSIVITY

HIERARCHY

SOUND

LIGHT AND SHADE

CONTRAST

PERMEABILITY

1. Beauty 2. Health 3. Climate Response 4. Porosity 5. Cohesivity 6. Unity 7. Diversity 8. distinctive 9. Simplicity 10.Order 11. Flexibility 12. Inclusiveness 13. Collective & Social aspect 14. Experimental 15. Holistic 16. Sustainable Attribute of Beauty- Toolkit

TIMELESSNESS

ENGAGEMENT

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BUILT AND UNBUILT

For the attribute of Beauty, a toolkit has been prepared to enable the clients to come to an objective understanding of the different parameters that play a role in creating and maintaining an atmosphere of Beauty and enable them to play an impersonal and informed role in framing of the requirements for this aspect in LoG.

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ATTRIBUTES OF DESIGN FOR LARGE SCALE BUILDINGS A

Sl No. Attribute Attribute Sl.No

3 4 5 6 7

Beauty Beauty

1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 1.1.10 1.1.11 1.1.12 1.1.13 1.1.14 1.1.15 1.1.16

Delight of of senses Delight senses Contrast Light and Shade

8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Openings Pattern Direction

Built and Unbuilt Colour and Texture Order,Balance & Rhythm Closeness to Nature Connectivity Sound Human Scale Identification Thermal Comfort Simplicity Privacy

1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9 1.2.10 34 1.2.11

Delight of of mind Delight mind

36 1.3 1.3

Delight of of spirit Delight spirit Simplicity Tranquility Social & Cultural Preferences

37 1.3.1 38 1.3.2 39 1.3.3 40 1.3.4 41 1.3.5 42 1.3.6 43 1.3.7 44 1.3.8 45 1.3.9

46 1.3.10 47

48 2

49 2.1 50 2.2 51 2.3 52 2.4

53 2.5

Composition of Elements Permeability and Porosity Unity, Datum and Reference points Innovation Functionality Truth and Honesty Knowing and Understanding Hierarchy Sustainability Character Universal appeal

Symbology Harmony Choice Memories & Association Values & Identity Timelessness Promising & Inviting

Health Clean Colour balance Well ventilated Well lit - natural light Sound(Barriers in large buildings)

Definition Definition

Apertures in the building at different points and levels allowing natural light inside Patterns created by introducing a play of light and shade Creating a direction for the movement of the user by designing in such a manner that the light and shade forms a pattern in the said direction Organisation and Interrelation between mass and void. Apparent look or feel of the surface of any material and gives a particular quality to light Easy to find, easy orientation and locating, readability internal & external

Trees, plants, water, gardens, terraces, views, integrated in landscape, soft transition between nature and building, edible gardens, living roofs, vertical forest, sustainable and easy watering system

Linkages that add to the visual quality of building, are easily accessible and that bring people together Noise protection, white noise, pools, streams, fountains, Appropriate sizes and dimensions, gradient of intimacy, no long dull corridors, visual depth, heights and transitions, sequence of public spaces,

Strong centres and sub-centres, clear boundaries, easy orientation and readability, appropriate sizes and dimensions, welcoming and ease of access Cross ventilation, passive shade, plants, filtered light, climate responsive, Quality of being plain or uncomplicated in form or design Noise protection between neighbours, gradient of intimacy, position of windows and terraces, sound proof partitions,

Planned arrangement of parts to form a whole When one space leads to another having a little glimpse of it Subdivision of big masses, structure – morphology - gestalt, readability,

Experimentation, research, testing

Easy maintenance, no mutual disturbance, daylight and ventilation, pedestrian oriented, short distances, No pretense or cover up, no overcomplicated design, balance of complexity and contradiction, beyond styles Readability, transparency, clarity of concept and idea, Position and design according to significance Recycled and recyclable degradable materials, solar energy, passive cooling, water preservation, waste minimization, reduction of footprint, landscape passing undisturbed under the buildings, Distinctiveness, no boring banality, no clichés

Normative power of proposed solutions

Effortless composition, limited choice of materials, no unnecessary clutter, visual economy, clarity, less is more, correspondence between inside and outside Natural materials, simplicity, views and prospects, gradient of intimacy, control of acoustics, no over-exciting features, screened light, white noise, garden greenery water, merged in landscape, careful zoning, Design for cultural differences, various activities and uses, flexibility change adaptation, no imposition of mental ideas, design for individuals as well as for groups, easy access to essentials like shopping parking public transport, mixed use, Architecture with a strong degree of personification or with allusions to cultural ideas or historical references Color shape texture volumes to constitute a connected whole, unity, balance, organic forms, overall unifying principles, aesthetical coherence, Alternative sequences and walkways, openness, permeability, variety, Subconscious meaning of forms and spaces, the story a building tells, allow history to show, ease of identification, Harmony between thought and action, shows who we are, carries the message and dreams of AV, provides sense of recognition, distinguished from others, solidarity and cohesion between bldg. and nature, materials to transfer meaning, no banality nor foreign borrowed elements, perception of wholeness, Ability to age gracefully, adaptability to change, sense of the whole, cohesion through being part of the surroundings Spaces that uplift the spirit as you enter

Clean, hygienic spaces in a building to ensure a healthy environment Making use of colours in the design according to their significance that affect human behaviour Ventilated spaces to enhance active cooling Naturally lit spaces that allow less use of energy and maintain energy efficiency, orienting rooms according to the morning light, Work and habitation spaces to have direct lines of sight to exterior windows, sufficient task lighting, as much natural daylight as possible without causing glare and heat intake Sound/accoustic conditions that are in accordance with the user, keeping in mind where barriers are required for maintaining silent environments,Protection from outdoor noises and measures to control indoor noise, sources should keep b

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ATTRIBUTES OF DESIGN FOR LARGE SCALE BUILDINGS Sl.No Attribute 48 22

49 2.1 50 2.2 51 2.3 52 2.4 53 2.5 54 2.6 55 2.7 56 2.8 57 2.9

58 2.10 59 2.11 60

3 61 3 62 4

63 4 64

5 65 5 66

67 66

68 6.1 69 6.2 70 6.3 71 6.4 72 6.5 73 6.6 74

75 6.7 76 6.8 77

78 77

79 7.1 80 7.2 81 7.3 82

83 88

84 8.1

85 8.2 86 8.3 87 8.4 88 8.5 89 8.6 90 8.7 91

Health Health

Definition B

Clean Colour balance Well ventilated Well lit - natural light Sound(Barriers in large buildings) Height for thermal comfort

Designing of buildings with heights that enable thermal comfort- eg. Thermally cool at the highest point , Controlled intake of solar radiation to maitain consistent temperature and humidity levels throughout the day

Emotional Health Services Integrated with nature Spaces in interaction Shade

Systematic services enhancing comfort level of users Designs integrated with nature bring a sense of freshness and solitude to the user, leading to good health Spaces of social interaction ensure community participation, safety of the place - eg. Eyes on street, Jane Jacobs

ClimateResponse Response Climate

Building,form formand andstructure structuremoderate moderate climate human good being Building, climate forfor human good andand wellwell being

Porosity Porosity

Penetration of light, air and view through built form eg:courtyards/open space inserted into built form facilitating secure communal open space with opportunity of varied connectivity and movement- vertical and/or horizontal. of light, air and view through built form eg:courtyards/open space inserted into built form facilitating secure communal open space with opportunity of varied connectivity and movement- vertical and/or horizontal. Penetration

Cohesivity Cohesivity

Measureof ofhow howwell wellthe theelements elements a design belong together create a unified whole Measure ofof a design belong together andand create a unified whole

Unity Unity Texture, colour, tone Repetition of elements Connecting elements Rhythm Base proportion Variation in form Emotional Quotient of Unity Spaces that unite people Direction Diversity Diversity Contrast Breaking Monotony Composition of elements Distinctiveness Distinctive Classifiable Identifiable Use of bold elements Scale Contextual association Shape Impressive

Pockets of spaces that provide cool, shady environment

Imparting oneness to the building and Presenting harmonious unified whole. The repetition of elements forming a particular pattern impacts a sense of unity in the design The connection of different parts of a building with the help of elements acting as linkages Occurrence of elements at definite intervals forming a rhythmic sequence Proportion of the base of the building with respect to the rest of its elements unifies the building as a whole Introducing variation in similar elements unites the composition as a whole and avoids monotony The spatial quality of a building premise to bring people together The attribute of a building profile that directs the user from the starting point to the other premises of the building, direction of unfolding the journey of the user through the building

Contrasting elements create element of interest and complexity Avoiding tedious sameness or mundane repetition Planned arrangement of distinctly different parts to form a balanced whole

An attribute of the building that distinguishes it from other buildings Expression of intent/essence, sense of recognition without use of banality or foreign borrowed elements Bold elements like forms, shapes, materials imparting a distinct character to the building with honesty Appropriate sizes and dimensions, visual depth, heights and transitions, sequence of public spaces The story a building tells, allows history to show, responds to its surroundings and is identifiable Use of elements or planes with particular geometry to signify function Use of scale, proportion and elements to create the feeling of awe or wonder

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83 8

Distinctiveness 84 8.1 Classifiable 85 8.2 Identifiable 86 8.3 Use of bold elements 87 8.4 Scale 88 8.5 Contextual association 89 8.6 Shape Sl.No Attribute 90 8.7 Impressive

ATTRIBUTES OF DESIGN FOR LARGE SCALE BUILDINGS

92 9

93 9.1

94 9.2 95 9.3 96 9.4 97 9.5 98 9.6

99 9.7 100 101 10

102 10.1 103 10.2 104 10.3 105 106 11 107 108 12

109 12.1

110 12.2 111 12.3 112 12.4 113 114 13

115 13.1

116 13.2 117 13.3 118 13.4 119 13.5 120 13.6 121 13.7 122 13.8 123 124 14 125 126 15 127 128 16 129 16.1 130 16.2 131 16.3 132 16.4 133 16.5

Appropriate sizes and dimensions, visual depth, heights and transitions, sequence of public spaces The story a building tells, allows history to show, responds to its surroundings and is identifiable Use of elements or planes with particular geometry to signify function Definition Use of scale, proportion and elements to create the feeling of awe or wonder

Simplicity Proportion Simple geometry Transparency Repetition Less of contrast Few elements Precision and alignment

Use of different scales in a harmonious correlation Pure geometric forms impart simplicity to the building profile or façade Funtionality and direction clearly evident, and represented in visual entirety Simple and clear forms used sequentially to create patterns Absence of distracting peculiarities No unnecessesary clutter, visual economy Accuracy and matching of lines in different materials to achieve a simple and lucid design

Order Repetition Hierarchy Direction

The arrangement of elements in relation to each other according to a particular sequence, pattern or method Recurring elements in creating a balance at times in sequence Gradient in terms of function, importance, connectivity and symbology Elements indicating movement- visual or physical

Flexibility

Intended to respond to evolving situations in their form, operation or location and adapting to new uses or responding to changes

Inclusiveness Universal design All age groups Bringing all age groups together intentionally Porosity

Inclusivity brought in the design that involves equal inclusion of normal and physically challenged people - eg. Staircase as well ramps A space which is of interest to and can be used by people of all age groups at the same time Intentionally bringing people together by providing spaces and activities/amenities of common interests, eg. Certitude, dining room in a house Integrating unbuilt spaces of different scales within the built mass promoting social gatherings

Collective & social aspect Spaces that unite people Connecting elements Connection to nature Scale and openness Universal accessibility Simple Orientation Functional

Spaces planned for the purpose of social integration and collaboration Use of elements to connect different parts of a building which in turn lead to a collective design bringing people together Introducing spaces that keep the user connected to nature present at any level of the building Creating high ceiling or open spaces to avoid sound reflection and thermal discomfort for larger groups of people A space that serves people of all classifications including all age groups and the physically disabled Simple and uncomplicated spaces that enhance user comfortability by not guiding too much Built elements that converge towards public spaces Spaces strategically positioned with proximity to basic facilities and well-ventilated which promote active involvement of people

Experimental

Techniques involving innovative design and implementation tools and methodologies, Challenging conventional and consolidated practices

Holistic

Approach to design which sees the system as an interconnected whole

A conscious approach to energy and ecological conservation in the design of the built environment, Recycled and recyclable degradable materials, solar energy, passive cooling, water preservation, waste minim footprint, landscape passing undisturbed under the buildings Ecological materials Materials that create and sustain mutually beneficial relation with all of the elements of its local ecology 31 Integration of green with the building,Choice of appropriate plants,Clear understanding of means for watering and integrating it with the structure,Plants to be watered,maintained,pruned and removed Ecological integrity Resource sustainability Efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space, Renewable energy generation (solar panels,wind turbines) Waste management On-site use of waste management, incorporating grey water systems for use on garden beds, and composting toilets to reduce sewage,On-site food waste composting and off-site recycling Heating, ventilation and cooling system efficiency Thermal comfort by controlling the influence of climatic elements, Passive solar building design

Sustainable

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2.4

The residential zone, with concentration of majority of population of Auroville, has a rising density from Sector 1 till sector 5. (66ppHa to 710ppHa). The entire zone is seen as slowly rising mass with Lines of Force in each sector being the tallest, also ranging from a height of 8 floors in Sector 2 till 18 floors in sector 5. Residential zone sector 5 is planned to house a population of 15,360 people in area of 21.62Ha. The largest Line of force, the Line of Goodwill is a built form meant to house around 8,000 people. The Lines of force and surrounding proposed built fabric are to be made porous, respond to the human scale and flow seamlessly into the nature as well as have large green spaces on intermediate levels and terraces.

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SECTOR 5 RESIDENTIAL ZONE AND THE LINE OF GOODWILL

SECTOR 5

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3.1 Lines of Force, as mentioned before, are the stepped, continuous built forms with inbuilt terraces and open spaces and which absorb high density in a small footprint, ensuring that the remainder of the land can be low rise with fingers of green flowing into the city from the outer green belt. The Residential zone in Auroville is proposed to house 80% of the total Auroville Population. Of this, 60% is to be accommodated in the 11 Lines of force that run through this zone. Line of Goodwill, with estimated population of 8,790 people would be accommodating 32% of the population of all the Lines of Force, 21% of Residential zone population and 17.5% of the entire Auroville population.

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400m

LINES OF FORCE - AREAS AND PROPOSED POPULATION

400m

LINE OF GOODWILL SECTOR 5

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3.2

The present network of roads and cycle pathways are predominantly connecting the scattered development in the different zones. With the work on the Line of Goodwill, a comprehensive study of mobility will have to be undertaken to follow the impetus given in initial vision on making of majorly non-motorised city with options of non-polluting public transport. Line of Goodwill, with a very strategic location between the Residential Zone and the International Zone, is an interesting interphase between residents of Auroville and the visitors. Starting from Peace area in the centre and moving towards the Visitor Centre, this Line of Force is also passing through The Crown and towards the outer side, is punctuated by canyon. This makes it an interesting case study having the potential to address numerous issues regarding mobility as well as Urban Design of the Township and thereby can be a platform for the framing of various related policies.

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400m

LINE OF GOODWILL AREA STUDY - EXISTING ROAD AND BUILDINGS

400m

LINE OF GOODWILL

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3.3

The designated area of Auroville covers 19.63 sq. km i.e. 1963 ha. For proper and orderly development of Auroville as per the Master Plan, it is necessary to have full control by the Auroville Foundation over the activities within the above mentioned area. For this purpose, Auroville has been in process of securing the lands required for development. All the lands so far secured have been acquired by negotiated purchase from the owners. The balance land is in the process of negotiation. Distribution of land ownership (2018) shows about 88% of the land within the City Area is under the control of the Auroville Foundation while the remaining 12% needs to be acquired. In respect of the Green Belt, however, 67% of the land is under private ownership and needs to be secured for planned and orderly development. For the manifestation of the Line of Goodwill, the very important lands at its beginning which cover a plot area of 17,000 sq m and area on the footprint of LoG of 5,400 sq m need to be purchased and included in the Auroville Foundation ownership in order for the work on land to begin harmoniously.

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400m

LINE OF GOODWILL AREA STUDY - LAND OWNERSHIP MAP

400m

AUROVILLE LAND

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3.4

25m

75m

100m

Fig 3.1 Longitudinal Section - Line of Goodwill

Auroville is a plateau, with Peace Area being at the highest, at 51m above mean sea level. In the study area, the land slopes down from this area in 2 directions with slopes of 1:78 and 1:138 as marked in the drawing. The level difference affecting the footprint of the LoG considering its length of 840m at centreline, gives it the highest contour of 49.5 m at 200 m from the wider end. The land slopes on both sides, with 0.8m depth at wider end and 2.3 m at the Crown on other side (at 375m from wider end). As one goes farther towards the narrow end of the LoG, the contours further dip to give a 6.5m difference from the highest point mentioned. This difference, if established in design process early on, can be used to accommodate extra

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400m

LINE OF GOODWILL AREA STUDY - CONTOUR MAP

400m

EXISTING BUILDINGS PROPOSED LINES OF FORCE LINE OF GOODWILL PERAMBOKE LAND

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3.5

Auroville, in 1968 when it was inaugurated, was a barren land with a few existing banyan trees. The soil was untenable and the dusty winds along with strong summer heat created conditions that were foremost to deal with for creating livable conditions. At present, the afforestation efforts have changed the microclimate of Auroville and as shown in the map, there is a dense forest in large parts of Auroville, besides in the green belt. The Lines of Force are expected to rise higher than the surrounding vegetation with their own green terraces and planters at different levels. Parameters described previously in the study of the context, such as the proposed Lines of Force, Peace Area and the existing contours are here positioned on the google map (2018) to give a better understanding of the context.

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400m

LINE OF GOODWILL AREA STUDY - GOOGLE MAP WITH EXISTING VEGETATION, CONTOURS AND LOG FOOTPRINT

400m

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4.1

The footprints of the Lines of Force are necessarily to be taken as a volume, as the heights at different lengths are defined with the stepped rise of its storeys. Exploration of massing for the same would happen within the given volume. As Line of Goodwill rises from Ground Floor level to Ground+17 floors, with a stepped rise, the floor area for each level is reduced gradually. With an assumption of a steady increase in height, one can see the proportion of decrease of footprint area from floor to floor. Subtracting Peramboke land and the movement spine at the Crown reduces the total footprint area by 15% as is clear from the table.

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LINE OF GOODWILL- ANALYTICAL EXPLORATION - FOOTPRINT AREA STUDY

LOG - REFERENCE- FOOTPRINT AREAS Sl no.

Level

Footprint Area (sq.m)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1000 2124 3392 4779 6321 7986 9785 11694 13753 15953 18349 20741 23327 26041 29978 31837 34915 38143

Total

300118

Area after Area after % area as % area as % area as deducting deducting compared to compared to compared to Poramboke Poramboke land floor below floor below floor below land and crown 0.47 0.63 0.71 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.87 0.94 0.91 0.92

1000 2124 3392 4779 6321 7986 9785 11694 13753 15953 18349 20741 23327 25541 28080 30249 32804 35510 291388

0.47 0.63 0.71 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.93 0.92 0.92

1000 1692 1692 2850 4384 6042 7839 9770 11830 13340 15351 17783 20372 23084 25920 28878 31960 35181

0.59 1.00 0.59 0.65 0.73 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.91

258968

Fig 4.1 Line of Goodwill - Area of floor

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4.2

Peramboke land

Crown

Reduction of width of the Lines of Force along with a steady increase in height is suggestive in the sketches of Roger. This aspect give a changing proportion of sections at different lengths of the footprint. Figs 4.2.1, 4.2.2 & 4.2.3 look at Longitudinal section of the LoG. Inclusion of contours is and added reference here. Fig 4.2.4 records constraints and considerations to be incorporated. Fig 4.2.5 shows cross sectional areas at given heights. These initial sections can be used as a basis and worked upon further to include the different attributes of design descriped in Chapter 2.2 for conception of the massing for the entire Line.

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LINE OF GOODWILL-ANALYTICAL EXPLORATION - VOLUMETRIC STUDY Constant height of 9 floors

Fig 4.2.1 Built mass of 9 floors (Open Elevation)

18 floors

1 floor

Fig 4.2.2 Built mass rising from 1 to 18 floors

390 m

720 m

840m

200 m

0.0

Difference in GL from highest contour = 0.8 m

highest contour 49.5 m above msl

Difference in GL from highest contour = 6.5 m

Fig 4.2.3 Stepped built mass from 1 to 18 floors in 18 equal lengths. Site contours added. 750m

690m

500m

0.0

390 m

460m

6.5

52.0

840m

African Pavillion

Peramboke/ Canyon

'Crown' 690m from centre

Fig 4.2.4 Site elements to be integrated : Peramboke land and The Crown. Influence zone of African Pavilion indicated. 21.5

Section AA G+17

A:1000 sqm/storey Total: 1800 sq m

Section BB G+13

A:1540 sqm/storey Total: 21560 sq m

Section CC G+11

A:1776 sqm/storey Total: 21312 sq m

Section DD G+9

A:2083 sqm/storey Total: 20830 sq m

56.0

Section EE G+7

A:2344 sqm/storey Total: 18752 sq m

12.0

61.5

Section FF G+5

A:2604 sqm/storey Total: 15624 sq m

67.4 6.0

50.4 24.0

30.0

44.8

18.0

38.2 36.0

42.0

54.0

33.1

Section GG G+3

A:2860 sqm/storey Total: 11440 sq m

Section HH G+1

A:3130 sqm/storey Total: 6260 sq m

Fig 4.2.4 Sections with width as per LoG Footprint and levels as in fig 4.2.4. Sectional areas given.

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4.3

21.5

Section AA G + 17

42.0

54.0

33.1

Section BB G + 13

33.1

Fig. 4.3.1 initiates the incorporation of voids in the study sections. A detailed study of acoustics and climatic factors needs to be undertaken by the consultants to make a strategic decision about the same. Another aspect of massing, referred to as the ‘Mountain section’ is suggested in few of the sketches of Roger Anger for the Lines of Force. This concept necessitates the rise of the Line of force from the mass on its two longer sides by a series of steps. Thus, by this arrangement, Lines of Force will not be suddenly rising from surrounding lower built forms with a severe verticality, but with a soft and gradual gradation, to meet the city with a system of terraces and open spaces on the flanges, and a series of gradually rising peaks on the longer axis. Two options suggestive of this concept are given here in fig 4.3.2 & 4.3.3. This line of thought also widens the area of study and compels the consultant to look at the built form around the LoG and consider suggesting Urban design guidelines to include the relation to and impact of LoG on the built form around and vice-versa.

Fig 4.3.4 Sectional area study

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LINE OF GOODWILL - ANALYTICAL EXPLORATION- STUDY OF BUILT SPACES AND SECTIONS

Section AA G + 17

Section BB G + 13

Section CC G + 11

56.0

Section DD G+9

18.0 Section EE G+7

61.5

Section FF G+5

67.4

6.0

50.4

12.0

44.8

30.0

36.0

38.2

24.0

33.1

42.0

54.0

21.5

Section GG G+3

Section HH G+1

Fig 4.3.1 Possible sections

Section AA G + 17

Section DD G+9

Section GG G+3

Section AA G + 17

Section DD G+9

Section GG G+3

Fig 4.3.2 Study option - 1

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4.3

Roger Anger’s Sketch depicting ‘Mountain section’ Based on the study and analysis provided in preceding pages as well as several case studies, three different massing options have been conceptualised and explored here with the intent to not only give a variety of directional leads to the consultants but also to emphasise on the need to develop parallel comparable options for a synthetic solution. Starting from building up one of Roger’s sketch and a study of areas and open spaces therein, the massing exploration is taken towards a conceptualisation of ‘mountain section’, a mass that not only creates a series of height along its length, but also along its width, to merge gradually into the built fabric around it- creating a more humane and interactive interphase between the ‘Line of Force’ and the surrounding built mass. As mentioned earlier, extensive studies on the climatic and acoustic as well as socio-cultural factors – to name few- and which are beyond the scope of this document, are imperative to work towards any holistic solution.

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION

Reference Images

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5.1

Iteration 1 is built up by understanding the massing in one of the sketches made by Roger Anger- included in presentation here. In this sketch, series of built forms can be seen rising in a gradual and well-connected series. Each part can be seen separately as an individual built form and yet is a part of whole, with a common language of proportion and scale of the open spaces. If each separate built form is seen as a segment, each of these segments have a certain proportion on plan - segment width conforming with the width of footprint of LoF and its length along the centreline of the LoF. This proportion has been found to be in the ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2, as explained in the diagram. Similar proportions (length to width) have been used in creating this model, which takes the sketch and extends it along the length of the Line of Goodwill and also takes in account its intersection with the Crown as well as its break in mass at the canyon.

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 1

Part 2

Part

Legend Ratio - length : width

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Part Plans

Section

Elevation

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 1

Part View 1

Part View 2

Part View 3

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 1

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 1

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5.2

LOG Footprint 14m offset

Fig 5.2.1 LOG Footprint base widened at the narrow end.

Fig 5.2.3 Puramboke land & Crown included.

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Fig 5.2.2 Base extended to form mountain section.

Fig 5.2.4 Series of peaks forming viewing points.

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 2

This iteration is developed on the idea of the ‘Mountain section’. The massing is worked out on the concept of slowly rising mass on the two faces and a series or a range of hillscape along the entire length. The higher the built mass, the more area required to step it down. On the lower side, the stepping can happen within the footprint area as the width is gradually increasing to 72m. In this iteration, therefore, an offset of 14m (20% size of larger width – 72m) is assumed at the tall narrow end of LoG which reduces gradually to touch the footprint at its low wider end as shown in fig 5.2.1 as the base of LoG to create a wider base to start the stepped massing.

This offset of takes a total area of 15,680 sq m around the footprint, which is 40% of the total area of the footprint, the latter being 38,000 sq m. A series of ‘peaks’ in this massing form view points at different levels to facilitate the view of Matrimandir.

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5.3

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LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 3 This iteration is another alternative to the said Mountain Section. In order to create stepped massing and working on the concept of the Line of Force being part of and slowly rising from the entire surrounding built fabric, the galaxy footprint adjacent to the LoG is taken to be a part of the stepping mass and the LoG as well as LoF- 9 and LoF-10 are included in the massing. This exploration allows for no increase in the footprint of the LoG, uses proposed Galaxy footprint in its conception and responds to the surroundings in a creative way.

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5.4

LINE OF GOODWILL - MASSING EXPLORATION- ITERATION 4

A literal, mystical approach to the mountain sections- A series of rising hills with a connecting pathway/passage winding through. This image which came up in our brainstorming session is suggestive of yet another possible massing solution.

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7.0

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION AND STUDIES

Urban Design study – Anupama Kundoo- a few suggestions for further discussions and elaborations. Dimensions • Areas stated in the urban design study to be confirmed • Dimensions, length and distances of high rise areas and low rise footprint areas to be established and marked on site Cross sections • For each of the sections ABCDE Housing types • Examples for possible housing types within the given footprint and suggested density Mobility • Decision on starting point of slow moving public transport - at A Gateway or B Habitat • Where to run public transport - on Pedestrian Path within building mass or separate • Typical examples for spatial sequence of pedestrians’ way to MM in order to make it interesting (views, resting places, exhibitions, information, bridges, courtyards, etc.) • Level of pedestrians’ path in relation to other levels (“Plaza level”, “City level”, “Visitor’s level”, “Community level”, access to stairs and elevators for residents, emergency, supply, removal, etc.) • How to cross the canyon, preferably on which level • Where do residents leave their motorbikes? (evaluation of alternative locations within greater AV context, exceptions, acceptable time and distance to walk, etc.) • Access from Crown for any motorized traffic should be minimized

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• The role of the radials for access • Parking at the periphery would mean 5 to 10 minutes walking time to reach residence • Radial to be integrated within building• Emergency access for ambulances, taxies? • Every high rise above 21 meters height (7 to 8 storeys) needs access for fire engines • Position and distance of access points (stairs, elevators) • Waste removal access and distance for residents to walk) Unifying elements • Height development • Building lines, setbacks, transparency, permeability, green facades and courtyards, materials, separation between “floating mass” and low rise

Services • Energy (distribution, transformers, etc.) • Community Services • Service area/corridors • Waste disposal • Sewage General • How to provide human scale within high rise configuration • What are the “basic guidelines” for the development of the project • How make “public space on higher levels” attractive and lively • “Mixed use” – non disturbing workplaces within “Habitat area” • Difference between “Visitor’s level”, “Plaza level”, “City level”

Context • Relationship to the envisaged rest of the RZ sector • Relationship to International Zone • Role and future of Visitors Reception Centre • Relationship to adjacent Mahasaraswati Park Focal points • Crown crossing • Access to Gateway building • Matrimandir Reception Phasing • Possible forms development (examples)

incremental

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