A bird’s eye view of Inventions and Contributions of Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak
1
1968 Dr. Pathak joined the Bihar Gandhi Centenary Celebration Committee and was assigned the task to find out the solution to the problem of open defecation and an alternative to human scavenging to restore the human rights and dignity of untouchables to bring them in the mainstream of society. Dr. Pathak was deeply influenced by the life, work and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Like Gandhi, he was pained, anguished and tormented by the plight of the untouchables, who even after Independence continued to remain marginalized, ostracized and forced to manually clean human excreta from the pit latrines carrying it as a headload for disposal.
1969 To find out the solution to manual scavenging and establish a rapport with the scavenging untouchables, Dr. Pathak went and lived in the colony of the untouchables in Bettiah, a small town in the district of Champaran (Bihar), coincidently the same place from where Gandhi had started the freedom movement. The idea behind this venture was to experience first-hand the untouchables’ miseries and humiliations as well as learn about their social origin, their everyday life and their culture. While living with the untouchables in Bettiah, he was condemned by his own family, his in-laws and the larger community, especially the fellow Brahmins. Though disturbed by these reactions, he persisted in his chosen work. One day he was going to have a cup of tea with some local friends in the market. They saw a boy being attacked by a bull and the people rushing to save him, but somebody from the crowd shouted that the boy belonged to the untouchables’ colony. Suddenly the crowd dispersed, leaving the injured boy to his fate. Dr. Pathak and his friends took the boy to the nearby hospital where he died. Shocked and deeply moved by this tragedy, Dr. Pathak took a vow to fulfill Gandhi’s dream to free the untouchables from the demeaning drudgery of cleaning human excreta manually. This marks the beginning of a new journey for him.
1970 Mahatma Gandhi opined that as long as untouchables clean nightsoil nobody would have food or social relation with them. This made Dr. Pathak realize that there was a need of a technology to replace the bucket toilets cleaned by them. After doing extensive research he invented the technology which would replace the bucket toilet. This invention of Dr. Design of the Sulabh two pit pour flush ecological compost toilet
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Pathak can be compared with the story of James Watt, who saw the steam coming out from the kettle, leading to his inventing the steam engine. Similarly, Dr. Pathak gave the concept that human excreta can be decomposed with the contact of soil and keeping this in mind he invented, innovated and developed the ecological two-pit compost flush toilet which was popularized by the name of Sulabh Shauchalaya or Sulabh Toilet. In this Sulabh Shauchalaya technology there are two pits. When one pit is full, the incoming excreta is diverted to the second pit. In about two years, the excreta in the first pit gets digested and becomes dry and pathogen-free, thus safe for handling as manure. Digested sludge is odourless and is a good manure and soil-conditioner. This technological invention made a pathbreaking difference in the lives of untouchables. With the advent of the Sulabh Shauchalaya, the village women now go to the toilets with safety and dignity, without the fear of snake bite or unwanted social elements, and the girls started going to schools. Had Dr. Pathak not invented this technology, there would have been little chance of elimination of open defecation and the practice of manual cleaning of night soil. The measure of success of the Sulabh two-pit compost toilet is evident from the fact that United Nations Development Programme in its Human Development Report 2003 stated, “… pioneering work by Sulabh International, a non-governmental organization (NGO), has shown that human waste can be disposed of affordably and in a socially acceptable way….” More recently, the BBC Horizons has declared the Sulabh technologies as one of five unique inventions of the world. Hon’ble Prime Minister’s clarion call to end the practice of open defecation in India and to provide toilets to each and every house by 2019, as a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th Birth Anniversary, is based on the technology invented by Dr. Pathak.
BBC Correspondent Rajini Vaidyanathan visits New Delhi in India, to examine the two pit toilet invented by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak
Dr. Pathak and Ms. Rajini Vaidyanathan of the BBC at the human excreta based Sulabh biogas plant situated in the Sulabh Campus
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Design of the Sulabh two pit pour flush ecological compost toilet
Made of gunny bags
Brick wall with no door
Toilet walls made of bricks with roof and wooden door
Sulabh pour flush toilet for least space with the toilet on top of the pits
Made of bamboo mats
Brick wall with jute curtain
Brick toilet for those people who can afford to spend more money
Even in narrow lanes Sulabh toilets can be built
Made of thatched material
Circular design without door and roof
Even the rich can get constructed Sulabh two-pit, pour flush toilets where there is no sewerage. The pits can be cleaned after 40 years
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Panoramic view of different life size models of the Sulabh Two Pit Ecological Compost Toilets on display in the Sulabh Campus
Human excreta which has turned into biofertilizer being taken out from the pit and stored in drums
High yield of fruits and crops
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PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE Sulabh Two Pit ECOLOGICAL Toilets at Different Places CONSTRUCTED BY SULABH INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANISATION
Rooftop toilet, Hirmathla
Jharkhand
Badaun, Uttar Pradesh
Punjab
Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh
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Bihar
Implementation of Sulabh Shauchalaya (Individual household toilets) in District Ludhiana, Punjab sponsored by Bharti Foundation
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After the conversion of bucket toilets and construction of Sulabh Shauchalayas millions of scavengers have been freed from the sub-human occupation and shackles of untouchability. After liberating the scavenging untouchables Dr. Pathak ensured their livelihood and sustenance by giving them education and vocational training in different trades, thus enabling them to get gainful employment. They have now learnt beauty-care, tailoring, making pickle, papad, masala, noodles, jam, etc. Dr. Pathak has also helped them to perform rights, rituals and ceremonies of the Brahmins and other upper castes. Now the untouchable scavengers, including those of Alwar and Tonk in Rajasthan, have been freed from the shackles of untouchability. In a landmark National function ‘Untouchability No More’ held on 13 April 2015 to mark the birth anniversary of Babasaheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, the untouchables shared a common meal with Hon’ble Shri Rajnath Singh, Union Minister of Home Affairs and also exchanged food with the Brahmins and other upper castes who partook food from the hands of the untouchables. Hon’ble Shri Rajnath Singh, Union Minister of Home Affairs, shared
Dr. Pathak founded Sulabh Shauchalaya meal with the erstwhile untouchable scavengers on the occasion of the National Function ‘Untouchability No More’ Sansthan, now known as Sulabh International Social Service Organisation, on the principle that Government and NGOs should work together to solve the problems of manual scavenging and defecation in the open. This organization has not received any grant or donation from within the country or outside. At present this organization has been working in 25 States, 4 Union Territories, 1599 towns and it has 50,000 volunteers to fulfill the dreams of Mahatma Gandhi.
1974 Dr. Pathak came up with the concept of maintaining public toilets on ‘pay and use’ basis. In 1876 an Act was passed by the British Government to maintain public toilets in Calcutta on the same basis but it could not work. The public toilets in India were known as hell on the earth. Hardly anybody used the public toilet before Dr. Pathak introduced the pay and use system after a lapse of nearly a century after it was first advocated. Dr. Pathak got constructed the first public toilet in Patna, Bihar, having 48 seats, 20 bathrooms, urinals, wash basins, etc., and provided soap powder to clean hands with round the clock maintenance. Initially there was cynicism and jokes were cracked about this new experiment. Who will pay for the use of toilets in Patna? But the concept worked. Not less than 500 people
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The First Sulabh Public Toilet Complex constructed and maintained at Gandhi Maidan, Patna, Bihar
came to use the toilet the very first day. It became so popular and successful that it was replicated throughout the country. Apart from other NGOs and companies, Sulabh on its own is maintaining 8000 public toilets in 25 states and 4 Union Territories in 1599 towns and cities which are used by 15 million people daily. This experiment of Dr. Pathak has crossed the regional boundaries and gone international. In Kabul, Sulabh is maintaining five public toilets with biogas plants, which are quite popular with the local people, and Sulabh’s inventions, innovations and experiments have been accepted in China, Bangladesh, Vietnam and many countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Sulabh’s biggest toilet-cum-bath complex in Shirdi (Maharashtra)
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CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF SULABH PUBLIC TOILETS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY
Inside View- Ultra Modern Sulabh Toilet Complex at Deoghar, Jharkhand
Sulabh Toilet Complex (Air-Conditioned) Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
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A view of Sulabh Toilet Complex at Sanaganeri Gate, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Newly construction Sulabh Toilet Complex at Pandharpur, Maharashtra
Urninals inside Sulabh Toilet Complex, The Taj Mahal, Agra. This was declared second best in the world. (Hindustan Times, 12th July 2006)
Child friendly Toilet known as “Bal Mitra Shauchalaya” – Inside view, Bhopal, India
Sulabh Toilet Complex, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh
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1977 In 1977 Dr. Pathak invented and put to use a new technology of providing energy from human waste and also to treat the effluent water waste to be used as fertilizer or to discharge safely in the river bodies like Ganga, Yamuna, etc. In this technology human excreta produces biogas and it is used for burning lamp, cooking food, warming oneself in winter season. The biogas is also converted into energy to supply as street light and the generator is run only on such biogas. Water discharge from the biogas plant is treated very well and the BOD is less than one and can be safely used in maintaining public toilets or can be used as a fertilizer or discharged into water bodies.
Sulabh Biogas Plant
Sulabh Effluent Treatment Plant
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uses of biogas
Her Royal Highness Princess Mathilde of Belgium, lighting the mantle lamp which uses biogas from the Sulabh Toilet Complex as the source of energy.
His Excellency Mr. Timothy J. Roemer, former Ambassador of USA to India frying papad at the Sulabh kitchen where the biogas from the Sulabh toilet complex is used for cooking. It is more economical than conventional gas.Â
His Excellency Mr. Richard Rahul Verma, US Ambassador to India, being shown an engine which ignites on battery to convert biogas into electricity.
His Excellency Mr. Richard Rahul Verma, US Ambassador to India being shown a demonstration of the Sulabh biogas being used as heating agent and warmer.
The US Ambassador being shown the human excreta which has been converted into a manure fertilizer in the shape of a ball.
Dr. Pathak explaining to the US Ambassador of the low cost door made from compressed human excreta & the odour free biofertilizer produced from human excreta which can also be used as a bouncing ball.
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Sulabh has installed 200 biogas plants in the country and 5 biogas plants in Kabul, Afghanistan, where the Sulabh biogas plants have been working very efficiently since their installation in 2007. In 2007 when the temperature in Kabul went down to –300C all the biogas plants worked very well. So this technology can work successfully even in the cold climate like Ladakh, etc., or at the high altitudes. In Patna, the electricity produced from the Sulabh biogas was supplied from Kotwali Police station to Sanjay Gandhi Park for about 7 years without interruption. So the gas produced can be good source of alternative energy and it fulfills all the conditions of sustainable development.
Sulabh Toilet Complex attached with Biogas Plant at Kabul, Afghanistan
Inside View- Sulabh Public Toilet, Kabul, Afghanistan
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1978 A National Seminar was organized in Patna by the Government of India, where the representatives of many State Governments, WHO and UNICEF participated. The representatives visited many homes to see the functioning of household toilets and also saw the maintenance of public toilets in Patna. After three-day deliberation it was decided that both the technologies and the methodologies to implement the programme and to maintain public toilets should be extended to all parts of the country.
1980 On persuasion of Dr. Pathak, the then Ministry of Home Affairs took up the conversion of dry latrines into two-pit pour-flush toilets to get the scavengers relieved from sub-human occupation under the Untouchability (Offences) Act 1955 which was amended in 1976 and renamed as The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. In this programme during 1980-82, five towns of Bihar—Biharsharif, Purnia, Daltaunganj, Chaibasa, Madhubani—were taken and later this programme was extended to other states of India. From 1980 onwards, the WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UN-Habitat, WSSCC and many other international and national organizations took up the programme of provision of household toilets on the basis of technology invented by Dr. Pathak.
Mr. Harry G. Barnes, U.S. Ambassador to India, at a Sulabh Project in Patna (Bihar)
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1983 Dr. Pathak took up the cause of training the wards of scavengers when the then Prime Minister of India, Hon’ble Mrs. Indira Gandhi, replied in Lok Sabha that she wanted to relieve the scavengers from the subhuman occupation and train and rehabilitate them in other occupations. Sulabh trained 1000 boys and girls in different vocations or helped them settle in life. The training was such that none of them remained unemployed.
Education
Beauty-care
Tailoring
Bank transaction
Making-papad
The dream of Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar fulfilled - on 21st December 2008, it seemed as if earth met the sky, when after centuries, untouchables dined with the same upper caste people who did not even allow them to enter their houses.
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Entering a temple – a dream fulfilled on December 21, 2008 of scavengers (untouchables) whose entry was banned for centuries due to the practice of untouchability.
The age-old practice of untouchability and discrimination ends with priests of the upper ‘Brahmin’ caste accepting to offer their sweets to the deity for ‘prasad’.
Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan, accompanied by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak entering the Church – Sacred Heart Cathedral at New Delhi on June 29, 2011.
Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan, along with Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak at the Ajmer Sharif Dargah offering prayer at Rajasthan on June 24, 2011.
Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) from Alwar and Tonk, Rajasthan, accompanied by Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak entering the Gurudwara Bangla Sahib at New Delhi on June 29, 2011.
Erstwhile women and girls scavengers (untouchables) taking the sacred bath in the Holy river Ganga at the Dashashwamedh Ghat at Varanasi.
The erstwhile women scavengers (untouchables) walked the ramp with the models who showcased their handiwork at the United Nations in New York on July 2, 2008. With this their social status went up.
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1991 Dr. Pathak was awarded Padma Bhushan by the Government of India.
1992 Dr. Pathak was conferred St. Francis Prize Canticle of All Creatures in Assissi, Italy. Before the award His Holiness Pope John Paul II gave an audience to Dr. Pathak.
1992 Dr. Pathak established a quality English medium school known as Sulabh Public School in New Delhi. In this school 60 per cent of the children are from the weaker sections and the families of untouchables from whom no fees are charged. The other 40 per cent are from other strata of society and there is absolutely no discrimination in this school.
In 1991, Dr. Pathak was awarded Padma Bhushan by the President of India, Mr. R.Venkataraman, for his “distinguished social service.�
His Holiness Pope John Paul-II gave audience to Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak before awarding him with International Saint Francis Prize.
Sulabh English Medium Public School where 60% of the students are from the Dalit community and 40% are from other communities
Students of Sulabh Public School in the Morning Assembly 18
1994 Dr. Pathak set up Sulabh International Museum of Toilets in New Delhi, the first of its kind in the world. The museum, through replicas of various toilets, artefacts, pictures, posters and other materials, tells the story of the development of toilets through the ages. This is the star attraction in the Sulabh campus and so far nearly 28 lakh people have visited the Museum.
Inside view of Sulabh International Museum of Toilets at Sulabh Campus, New Delhi
1996 Dr. Pathak demonstrated an eco-friendly low-cost technology for waste water treatment through duckweed. The technology, besides having low operational and maintenance costs, gives economic return through pisciculture.
2002 Dr. Pathak invented the Sulabh Effluent Treatment technology wherein biogas plants effluents from public toilets become odourless, colourless and pathogen-free. The treated effluent is used for agriculture, aquaculture, cleaning public toilets and can be safely discharged into rivers and any other water bodies.
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2003 Dr. Pathak adopted two towns of Rajasthan, Alwar and Tonk, for restoring the human rights and dignity of the local untouchables. Now the two towns are free from the problem of untouchability. There is no social discrimination, as Brahmins and other upper castes now freely mix and share food and hospitality with the ex-untouchables who have acquired skills in various trades, and are engaged in gainful employment. They have started a new life and are now part of the social mainstream.
2003 Dr. Pathak received Indira Gandhi Priyadarshani Award.
2009 Dr. Pathak was awarded Stockholm Water Prize by Stockholm International Water Institute at Stockholm, Sweden. An extract of the citation reads “…The results of Dr. Pathak’s endeavours constitute one of the most amazing examples of how one person can impact the well being of millions.” The Prize was conferred on him by His Royal Highness Prince Carl Phillip of Sweden.
Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak received the 2009 Stockholm Water Prize on August 20 from the Hands of H.R.H. Prince Carl Philip of Sweden.
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2011 United Nations Economic and Social Council granted ‘General Consultative Status’ to Sulabh International for its outstanding contribution in the field of sanitation, human rights, removal of untouchability and improving the living conditions of millions of people. The Council had earlier granted ‘Special Consultative Status’ to Sulabh.
2012 The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in an order directed the National Service Legal Authority (NALSA) to contact Sulabh to find out whether they could come forward to help the widows living in four Government Shelters in Vrindavan. Consequently, Dr. Pathak and his organization Sulabh has been working for the Vrindavan widows, providing them all possible relief since 2012. Sulabh has been involved in this welfare work both in terms of financial help and in uplifting the general conditions of the widows. It is providing a monthly stipend of Rs 2000/- to nearly 800 widows per month plus providing medical and ambulance facilities. It is also giving them vocational training in garland-making, agarbatti-making, tailoring, etc., to make them self-reliant. The widows are also being taught English, Hindi and Bengali. To bring cheer and happiness in their lives, Sulabh has started celebrating the festivals of Holi, Durga Puja, Diwali and Christmas with them. Sulabh also takes them from time to time on excursions to Delhi, Kolkata, Agra, etc. A memorable moment came in the windows’ life when they met the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and tied Rakhi on his wrist.
2013 Vice President of the French Senate, Ms. Chantal Jourdan, decorated Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak with the Legend of Planet honour in an exceptional private reception hosted by the President of France in Paris.
Vice President of the French Senate Ms. Chantal Jourdan decorated Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak Legend of Planet honour in an exceptional private reception hosted by President of France.
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PATHETIC CONDITIONS – WIDOWS OF VRINDAVAN
Widows of Vrindavan before Sulabh came in their life
today
Widows of Vrindavan, during lunch organised by Sulabh International Social Service Organisation at Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh
Widows of Vrindavan singing bhajans with Dr Pathak
PERIODICAL MEDICAL FACILITIES PROVIDED
Mrs. Manu Ghosh, a widow of Vrindavan flagging off ambulances donated by Sulabh International for their complete medical care, to the five Ashrams in Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh during a special event organised for them at Mavalankar Hall, New Delhi
Health check-up of widows at Vrindavan Ashrams.
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Learning in progress – AGE NO BAR
Making garlands of flowers
The widows of Vrindavan being taught how to read and write English, Hindi and Bangla
Celebrations are back in life of Breaking the Taboo: Widows of Vrindavan Celebrating The Festival of Diwali
Celebrating Holi 2014 with colours.
Widows Celebrating Durga Puja in Kolkata.
Widows from Vrindavan tying ‘Rakhi’ to the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, on the occasion of ‘Raksha Bandhan’, in New Delhi.
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2014 The Sulabh Purified Drinking Water is the latest technological initiative from Sulabh. Impure water from rivers, ponds, water bodies and taps is purified by this Sulabh technology; the treated water becomes safe for human consumption. Sulabh has installed water treatment plants at three sites in West Bengal, namely Madhusudankati (24 Parganas), Mayapur and Murshidabad. Raw water is drawn from the river Ganga in Mayapur and Murshidabad, while in Madhusudankati it is taken from a local pond. After its treatment at the Sulabh Water Treatment Plant, the water from the river/pond becomes purified and absolutely safe for drinking.
Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak drinking the Sulabh Purified Water treated from the pond.
Sulabh Purified Water is available at Rs. 0.50 per litre
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Sulabh is bottling this water which is known as Sulabh Safe Drinking Water which is available for 50 paise per litre. At the entrance of Sulabh Campus in New Delhi, such purified water is available at the Sulabh Water ATM.
The US Ambassador using the Sulabh Water ATM installed at the Sulabh Campus.
Dr. Pathak explaining to the US Ambassador His Excellency Mr. Richard Rahul Verma the operation of Sulabh Purified Water ATM installed at the entrance of Sulabh campus.
Sulabh Drinking Water ATM at New Delhi.
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2015 The stairs at Assi Ghat of the holy city Varanasi were covered with muck and mud, and common visitors and pilgrims could not use the Ghat. Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi started a cleaning campaign with a spade in his hand on November 8, 2014. Then Sulabh International moved into action and thoroughly cleaned all the 52 stairs. The clean and replenished Ghat was opened for all on February 22, 2015. Now, Ganga Aarti takes place there every day at 5:00 a.m. along with a unique Yoga Camp and Hawan. Colourful cultural programmes are held in the evenings. The Ghat has became a major attraction for tourists as well as for shooting of films. Deluxe Modern Sulabh Public Toilets have been built at this site. Now Assi Ghat has became a beautiful and truly holy place, frequented by pilgrims, tourists and local residents. Dr. Pathak has participated in more than 100 national and international conferences, seminars and presented his papers on a wide range of topics, mainly related to sanitation, social justice, untouchabilty, etc. The activities and accomplishments of Sulabh International have been widely appreciated by renowned personalities, national and international leaders, global organisations, and various agencies of the mass media.
Cleanest Assi Ghat
Sulabh Toilet Complex at Assi Ghat
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MICRO AND MACRO ACHIEVEMENTS 1970
2015
a)
I was alone
Now, there are 50,000 volunteer social workers.
b)
For disposal of human waste I invented Sulabh two-pit ecological compost toilet, the Sulabh Biogas technology and the Sulabh Effluent Treatment Plant.
Technologies invented by me were declared Best Global Practices twice by United Nations Commission on Human Settlements (UNCHS) in the year 1996 and 2000 by UNHabitat and Dubai Municipality.
c)
In 1973, only municipality.
Now, we are working in 500 districts and 1602 towns/cities.
d)
Only one State – Bihar
Now, 25 States and 4 Union Territories.
e)
Two Sulabh Shauchalaya built in Arrah, Bihar in 1973.
Now Sulabh built 1.3 million household toilets.
f)
First public toilet constructed in Patna in 1974.
Now 8,000 Sulabh public toilets in India and also in Kabul (Afghanistan) and in Thimpu (Bhutan).
one
BBC Horizons has featured Sulabh’s technological inventions as one of the five unique inventions of the world.
Trained personnel from 15 countries of Africa which include Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Tanzania, Cote d’ Ivorie, Mali, Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia in various Sulabh technologies. Sulabh technologies have also been adopted in China, Vietnam, Bangladesh and African Countries. Resources transfer in Argentina and Paraguay.
g)
First day number of Sulabh Public Toilet users were 500
Now 15 million people use Sulabh Public Toilets daily.
h)
First Biogas plant constructed in 1980 in Patna
Now 200 biogas plants linked with public toilets constructed in different parts of the country and five public toilets with biogas plant in Kabul, Afghanistan and one in Thimphu in Bhutan. Technologies of wastewater treatment, composting solid waste into fertilizer and use of dried water hyacinth in raising biogas production are now being used across the country.
i)
Number of scavengers liberated
More than 1,20,000 scavengers have been liberated from scavenging and rehabilitated directly by Sulabh and rest on the technologies by Sulabh.
j)
Towns made Scavengingfree
640 towns have been made scavenging – free till date.
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1970
2015
k)
English Medium Public School - none
500 children enrolled in Sulabh Public School every year, New Delhi (60% students from scavenger community and rest from other communities).
l)
Vocational Centre - none
Training
About 3100 boys and girls (50% from of scavenger community and the rest from other communities) provided training at Sulabh Vocational Training Centre in New Delhi.
m)
Training of women scavengers - none
More than 150 women, who were carrying human excreta manually till March 2003, have been trained and rehabilitated at Nai Disha, Sulabh Vocational Training Centre at Alwar in Rajasthan. These women have learnt to produce and market their goods (food products and apparel etc.) by forming selfhelp groups. Next group of nearly 350 women have been provided training at Sulabh New Centre started in 2008 in Tonk, Rajasthan.
n)
Foreign Visitors to Sulabh Campus - none
People from more than 100 countries have visited Sulabh Campus regularly to learn more about the Sulabh sanitation technologies and the work being done.
o)
Capacity building/ training being imparted: - nil
Students and teachers from Schools, Engineering and Medical Colleges, Nursing and Social Work Institutes etc. Professionals from Government, Urban Local Bodies, Pollution Control Boards and other NGOs etc. provided training.
Training of foreign professionals – none
Training programme organized in collaboration With UNHABITAT for sector professionals from 14 African countries - Cameroon, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia in 2005 and 2006. Regular summer training/internships provided to students from France, Germany, USA, Kenya, Nepal, etc.
p)
Training of Women Volunteers from Urban Slums – none
Over 14,000 women from urban slums have been trained on health, hygiene, safe drinking water, HIV/AIDS etc.
q)
Health Centre attached to Toilet Complex – none
Two Health Centres attached to Sulabh Toilet Complexes are providing free medical services to slum dwellers in Delhi.
r)
Duckweed Technology for waste water treatment – no technology
Invented waste water treatment through Duckweed. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Government of India, issued guideline to use this weed for Waste Water Treatment.
s)
Number of Visitors to Sulabh Museum on Toilets
Sulabh International Museum of Toilets at New Delhi, 27.5 million approx. people have visited.
t)
Training to unemployed youth- none
Over 8000 youth have been trained in plumbing, electrical and motor winding, gardening and as security guards.
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1970
2015
u)
Food Processing Training Centres - none
Centres in 6 blocks in Mewat area in Gurgaon. Over 900 women have already received training in food processing.
v)
Sewing and Embroidery Centre - none
Nearly 900 women have been trained in sewing and embroidery.
w)
ENVIS (Environmental Information System Centre) - none
Sulabh International is an ENVIS Centre of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India for data collection and dissemination on the topics of Hygiene, Sanitation and Sewage systems. (www.sulabhenvis.in)
Support to persons with disabilities x)
Children
50 hearing impaired children have been provided with fiveyear education based on the CBSE curriculum and then integrated in other reputed schools for further education.
Women
114 disabled women were trained in various revenuegenerating vocations. Twenty-four women were trained in beauty-care and hairdressing and are now employed, earning between two to three thousand rupees a month.
y)
No presence in foreign countries
Public toilets with biogas plant in 2 countries – Bhutan and Afghanistan.
z)
International agencies co-operation – nil
Now, World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), United Nations Economic and Social Council (UN-ECOSOC), Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), International Labour Organisation (ILO), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), World Toilet Organisation (WTO), Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), etc.
aa)
UN recognition – none
The Economic and Social Council of United Nations had given Special Consultative Status to the Organisation in the year 1996 and now has accredited in 2011 the General Consultative Status.
bb)
World Toilet Summit – not held
Organised the World Toilet Summit-2007 in New Delhi in which delegates from over 40 countries participated.
Artistic form from manure of human excreta - none
21 artistic pieces in the shape and size of doors, made from manure converted from human excreta from the pits of Sulabh Shauchalayas were displayed at the Lisson Gallery, London, U.K.
Broadcast only on All India Radio, Bihar
Broadcast on Radio and Television:- Worldwide News – BBC, Mexican TV, German TV, CNN, CNN-IBN, National Geographic Channel, Australian TV, French TV, Dutch TV, Doordarshan (Indian TV Channel) DD News, NDTV, TF1 French T.V., Radio Netherland, Aljazeera, etc.
cc)
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dd)
1970
2015
Reports in print media only in Patna, Bihar
Now in national and international dailies and magazines such as: NATIONAL: Hindustan Times, The Statesman, The Tribune, The Hindu, India Today, The Pioneer, The Sunday Express, The Economic Times, The Indian Express, The Asian Age, The Times of India, Punjab Kesri, Hindustan, Dainik Jagran, Navbharat Times, Vancouver Desi, The Weekend Leader, Rashtriya Sahara, samaylive.com, livehindustan.com, Nai Duniya, The Times of India, Varanasi, The Times of India, Nagpur, The Telegraph, Dainik Bhaskar, Khabar South Asia in Vrindavan, Haribhoomi Saheli, The Economic Times, Zee News, Hindustan Times, The Independent, Udaipurnews.in, Navbharat. org, The Financial World-Delhi, India TV News, News Track India, The Christian Science Monitor, amarujala. com, Jagran, DD Lok Sabha, totaltv, W.A.S.H. FAIR, NDTV 24x7, Volkskrant.nl, UCAN India, Express India, Parda Phash, Outlook India, smaylive, One India News, Two Circles. net, Dastak Times, Millennium Post, Deshbandhu, Press Information Bureau, Tehelka Hindi, Women News Network, Prokeral News, Lawyers Club India, Bol Dilli Bol, The Sunday Guardian, IANS, Business Standard, Press Trust of India, etc. INTERNATIONAL: BBC News, The Canadian Press, The Asian Wall Street Journal, Der Spiegel, The New York Times International, The TIME, The Washington Post World News, Gulf Times, Gulf News, Chicago Tribune, Asahi Shimbun, Der Uberblick, The Oman Tribune, IBN Live, Deccan Heralad, Business Day BD Live, Planet Workshops, Australia Network News, ABC Radio Australia, Rome News Tribune, gulfnews.com, Paris Guardian, Europe Sun, The Week, Hill Post, DNA, PTI, ecosportdiscoveries.co.in, Times of Oman, Reuters, the Huffington Post, dailymail.co.uk, JourneyMart.com, DW Asia, Voice of America, Tanzania Daily News, Tageblatt.lu, Global Health Immersion Programs, Indlaw News, Deutsche Welle, teinteresa.es, kipa-apic.ch, Deccan Chronicle, Eglises D’asie, A to Z News, International News and Views Corporation, arusha255.blogspot.in, Global Post, New Straits Times, Business and Economy Magazine, adventuresindia.wordpress. com, bestdreamerofworld.wordpress.com, LHFORUM, First Post, France 24, Dawn.com, Global Press Institute, Live Mint, Fala Fil, Guts of Change, Los Angeles Times, Guts ForChange, Mental Floss, Khaleej Times, Kuwait Times, New CITYzens, China Daily, Business Standard, BBC World News, takepart, The Wall Street Journal, Kenh 14.v n, etc.
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Seminar and conferences attended - none
Attended nearly all important international and national conferences worldwide on sanitation.
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INVENTIONS BY DR. PATHAK IN THE SPHERE OF SANITATION
Sulabh Two Pit Ecological Compost Toilet
Sulabh Public toilets on ‘pay & use’ basis
Sulabh Biogas Plant
Sulabh Effluent Treatment Plant
Sulabh Purified Drinking Water
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Sulabh Bhawan, Palam Dabri Road, New Delhi - 110 045 Tel.: (+91-11) 25031518, 25031519, Fax: (+91-11) 25034014, 25055952 Email: sulabhinfo@gmail.com / info@sulabhinternational.org Website: sulabhinternational.org / sulabhtoiletmuseum.org
www.xtremeonline.in # 9311156526
Sulabh International Social Service Organisation In General Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council