How Can IoT Make Cities "Smart"? How How can can Internet Internet of of Things Things technology technology and and IoT IoT powered powered devices devices help help to to reduce reduce energy energy consumption consumption levels levels and and improve improve the the management management of of modern modern cities cities
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What Is IoT? •
Internet of Things (IoT) is more of a concept rather than a technology
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When we talk about IoT technology, we actually refer to the conglomeration of v arious technologies and tech enabled devices using IoT concepts
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It can include tangible devices such as connectors, sensors, cables, computer har dware, mobile phones, display panels etc.
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It can also comprise of non-tangible parts like software and Wi-Fi required to fun ction the devices
An An IoT IoT technology technology stack stack is is nothing nothing else else other other than than aa range range of of technologies, technologies, standards standards and and applications, applications, which which help help in in connecting connecting various various types types of of objects objects to to the the Internet, Internet, to to gather gather valuable valuable insights insights as as well well as as to to enhance enhance the the scope scope of of applications applications by by connecting connecting things, things, gathering gathering data data and and analysing analysing itit to to produce produce useful useful results results or or actions actions
Importance of IoT •As per predictions by Gartner, the global analyst firm, by 2020 there could be more than 20 billion "things" connected to the Internet s
•According to an estimate, in the near future there might be over 40 billion IoT powered device •Each active user will be using 30 such IoT devices
As As technologies technologies advance advance and and more more and and more more businesses, businesses, the the world world over, over, gear gear up up to to tap tap the the financial financial benefits benefits offered offered by by aa highly highly lucrative lucrative IoT IoT market, market, the the scope scope of of IoT IoT applicability applicability is is increasing increasing by by leaps leaps and and bounds bounds
Some Common Use Cases Of IoT •
Tracking behaviour for real time marketing
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Enhanced situational awareness
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Sensor driven decision analytics
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Process optimization
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Optimized resource consumption and
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Instantaneous control and response in complex autonomous systems
What Is A Smart City? •
Different types of electronic data-collection sensors are used to generate information
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Information is used for managing assets and resources in a more efficient manner
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The data is analysed to monitor and manage transportation and traffic systems, water supply networks, power plants, waste management, information systems, law enforcem ent, hospitals, schools, libraries and other community based services
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The smart city “technology” facilitates city officials to interact directly with the commun ity and infrastructure so they can monitor what is happening within the city and how t he city is evolving
The The concept concept of of smart smart city city integrates integrates information information and and communication communication technology technology (ICT) (ICT) with with various various physical physical devices devices connected connected to to aa network network –– the the Internet Internet of of things things or or IoT IoT -to to make make city city operations operations more more efficient efficient and and provide provide quality quality services services to to citizens citizens
Making Cities “Smart” With IoT •
There are no rules to define a smart city
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The general conception of a smart city is a populated urban area using diff erent types of electronic data collection devices and/or sensors to generat e information used to manage assets and resources in an efficient manner
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Typically, a smart city offers core infrastructure and gives a decent quality of life to its local citizens in addition to a clean and sustainable environme nt. Therefore, cities have to be envisioned and planned to become “smart”
Structural Health Of Buildings •
Many cities have historical monuments, buildings and heritage sites which need to be properly maintained and protected
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A common threat affecting the majority of such buildings and sites is the effect of weather and external agents which spoil the exteriors and weaken the structure over a period of time The The parts parts of of aa building building prone prone to to impact impact of of external external agents agents can can be be identified identified and and aa database database of of the the building's building's structural structural Integrity Integrity can can be be maintained maintained using using IoT IoT
Data is collected from sensors placed in various parts of the building. The nature of data comprises of inputs obtained from sensors recording the vibrations and minute deformations occurring in the building's walls and support structure due to stress, the intensity of atmospheric agents, temperature and humidity levels
Waste Management •
Almost all cities face waste disposal and management issues
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The factors to consider are the cost involved in keeping the city clean and storing th e waste until it is processed and disposed off
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Truck fleet has to check each and every garbage can to prevent them from over spill ing the garbage onto the pavements IoT IoT proposes proposes intelligent intelligent waste waste containers containers which which detect detect the the nature nature and and levels levels of of garbage garbage and and send send notifications notifications to to the the city city waste waste management management department. department. ItIt is is identified identified which which area area needs needs waste waste management management services services the the most, most, at at what what times, times, and and how how frequently frequently The data collected can help to manage the truck fleet in a more cost saving manner and provide more frequent services in areas where garbage needs to be collected several times a day e.g. bus stops and airport terminals, malls, eateries etc.
Air Quality •
Crowded places often cause people to have headaches or experience shortness of breath – especially if they're having a health issue
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Clean air is a necessity for sustaining healthy life
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It's required not just by humans to maintain good health but also for the entire environment
The European Union has adopted a Renewable Energy Directive according to which greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced by 20 per cent in the next decade ••
Using Using IoT IoT itit is is possible possible to to inform inform people people about about the the quality quality of of air air in in crowded crowded areas, areas, parks parks or or fitness fitness trails trails so so they they can can decide decide for for themselves themselves and and plan plan their their visits visits accordingly accordingly
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Joggers Joggers can can choose choose less less crowded crowded city city parks parks while while the the elderly elderly can can select select less less crowded crowded park park areas for their morning walk where they can get a breath of fresh air areas for their morning walk where they can get a breath of fresh air
Noise Monitoring •
Loud noises can be considered as "pollutants" since they can affect people's concentration levels or make us irritable
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Even though civic authorities try to enforce law to reduce noise pollution levels it's impossible to ascertain whether everyone is keeping their TV or home stereo volumes low or there's a noisy party going on in the neighbourhood Noise Noise monitoring monitoring systems systems using using IoT IoT devices devices installed installed in in various various parts parts of of the the city city can can automatically inform the law enforcement agencies if the noise levels increase beyond automatically inform the law enforcement agencies if the noise levels increase beyond certain certain decibels decibels and and appropriate appropriate actions actions can can be be easily easily taken taken at at the the correct correct time time to to preserve preserve public public sentiments sentiments
Traffic Congestion •
As per a study by Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) and INRIX American drivers wasted over 6.9 billion hours stuck in traffic which costs more than $124 billion each year
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The average commuter guzzles an extra 19 gallons of gas while stuck in traffic jams which comes to over 3 billion gallons of fuel wasted annually Data Data collected collected from from IoT IoT powered powered devices devices located located along along roads roads which which lead lead to to traffic traffic jams jams can can provide provide much much detailed detailed and and useful useful insights insights using using which which traffic traffic monitoring monitoring systems systems can can be be rescheduled rescheduled to to control control the the influx influx of of vehicles vehicles during during peak peak hours hours in in aa much better manner much better manner Data obtained by setting up traffic sensing devices on inner roads that lead to freeways or expressways can be used to divert traffic to other less congested routes, thus decreasing the density of traffic on main roads
Energy Consumption •
The most common sources of energy consumption in a city are public lighting, traffic lights, monitoring cameras, heating/cooling of public buildings and so on
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A lot of energy can be saved if public lights are automatically dimmed or shut off in areas devoid of human presence during night time
IoT IoT devices devices can can sense sense ifif aa particular particular area area is is isolated, isolated, and and ifif such such is is the the case, case, power power can can be be automatically automatically saved saved by by sending sending notification notification to to the the public public lighting lighting control control centre centre and and reducing reducing or or temporarily temporarily shutting shutting off off power power in in that that area area or or vicinity vicinity Moreover the insights availed regarding power usage in different parts of the city over the months can also help the city energy board to better utilize and manage electricity
Smart Parking The The IoT IoT enabled enabled smart smart parking parking system system comprising comprising of of road road sensors sensors and and intelligent intelligent displays. displays. ItIt can can direct direct motorists motorists to to use use the the nearest nearest vacant vacant spot spot while while parking parking their their cars cars in in the the city city •
As you have to spend less time locating a parking slot, fewer CO emissions emit from your car
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Also there's less traffic congestion along the way
Such a smart parking service can also be integrated using short-range communication technologies such as Radio Frequency Identifiers (RFID) or Near Field Communication (NFC). The law enforcement department can maintain an electronic verification system of parking permits in slots specially reserved for residents or disabled people, thus providing better services to citizens
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