AMERICAN ENGLISH FILE 2 by FULLJS 2

,. SECOND EDITION

Online Practice

Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxen den Paul Seligson

OXFORD

-_'1.Stina La tham -Koenig - -:e Oxenden

_-= Seligson

and C~ve Oxenden are the original co-authors of ! and English File 2

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Grammar

Vocabulary

Pronuncia

t:.C:l.'tt\.tt\I:l'f\ \I~t~ ~m a<;.~<;"

- -------.. _---------.- ....- - --_--_ ..

- - .-~: --.. : . ---.-

C Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy

J>pelll~8

=-=--'-----". --.",_ ... _-~~.~~-

present continuous

ana numbers

---~

ctothes, prepositions of place

;) and ;)r

PRACTICA L ENG LISH Episode 1 Hotel problems

A Right place, wrong person

simple past; regular and irregular verbs

vacations

regular verbs: -ed endings

B The story behind the photo

past continuous

prepositions of time and place: at, in, on

sentence stress

C One dark October evening

time sequencers and connectors

verb phrases

word stress

REVIEW AND CHECK 1&2

A plans and dreams

be going to (plans and

airports

sentence stress and fast speech

B let's meet again

present continuous (future arrangements)

verbs + prepositions e.g., arrive in

sounding friendly

C What 's the word?

defining relative clauses

expressions for paraphrasing: like, for example, etc.

pronunciation in a dictionary

PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 Restaurant problems

A Parents and teenagers

present perfect + yet and already

housework, make or do?

y and d3-

B Fashion and shopping

present perfect or simple past? (1)

shopping

c and ch

C Lost weekend

something, anything, nothing, etc .

adjectives ending -ed and -ing

Ci ,

REVIEW AND CHECK 3&4

A No time for anything

comparative adjectives and adverbs,

time expressions: spend time,

sentence stress

as ... as

etc.

superlatives (+ ever+ present perfect)

describing a town or city

B Superlative cities

p~edictions)

onÂˇ, and

word and sentence

stress

PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 The wrong shoes

A Are you a pessimist?

quantifiers, too, not enough

health and the body

,\ , U , 'al , and ' I:

will ! won't (predictions)

opposite verbs

'11, won't

B I'll never forget you

will ! won 't (decisions, offers, promises)

verb + back

word stress: two-syllable verbs

review of verb forms: present, past, and future

adjectives + prepositions

the let ters ow

REVIEW AND CHECK 5&6

How much is too much?

The meaning of dreaming

How to...

la Being happy Learn a language in a month!

Grammar

Vocabulary

Pronunciation

uses of the infinitive

verbs + infinitive: try to, forget to, etc.

weak form of to, linking

uses of the gerund (verb + -fng)

verbs + gerund

the letter i

have to, don't have to, must, must not. cant

modifiers: a little (bit), really, etc.

sentence stress

should

get

01 and . u , sentence stress

if + present. will + base form (first conditional)

confusing verbs

linking

possessive pronouns

adverbs of manner

sentence rhythm

if + past, would + base form (second conditional)

animals

word stress

present perfect + for and since

phobias and words related to fear

sentence stress

present perfect or simple past? (2)

biographies

word stress, i:)r i

Jlll..ACTlCAl ENGLISH Episode 4 At the pharmacy

something can go wrong....

lIfou

must be mine

FVW AND CHECK 7&8

would you do?

Ye been afraid

of it for years

30mto sing

.....enCAl ENGLISH Episode 5 Getting around

"';"he mothers of invention

passive

verbs: invent, discover, ete.

f, -ed, sentence stress

Could do better

used to

school subjects

used tal didn't use to

might

word building: noun formation

diphthongs

A 3ad losers

expressing movement

sports, expressing movement

sports

word order of phrasal verbs

phrasal verbs

linking

so, neither + auxiliaries

similarities

sentence stress, ." \} and 0

past perfect

verb phrases

contractions: had/ hadn't

IS Gossip is good for you

reported speech

say or tell?

double consonants

questions without auxiliaries

review

. Ind ecisive

"IIEW AND CHECK 9&10

.i:re you a morning person? A

hat a coincidence!

nCAl ENGLISH Episode 6 Time to go home

Strange but true!

"'"'le American English ~quiz

._EEWW AND CHECK 11&12

126

Grammar Bank

164 Irregular verbs

150

Vocabulary Bank

166 Sound Bank

G word order in questions V common verb phrases, spelling and numbers P vowel sounds, the alphabet

What do you do?

1 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING common verb phrases 1 HOME AND FAMILY • Where

you from?

• Where

you born?

• Where do you

• Do you

in a house or an apartment?

• Do you

any brothers and sisters?

• Do you

any pets?

2 JOB / STUDIES • What do you ....

_ _ _7

• What school / college do you _ _ _ to?

• Doyou _ _ _ yourjob7

• Can you

• What year _ _ _ you in?

any other languages? Which?

• Where did you

English before?

FREE TIME • What kind of music do you

to?

• Do you ___ a musical instrument? Which? • What TV shows do you

• Do you _ _ _ any sports? Which ones? • What kinds of books or magazines do you

• How often do you _ _ _ to the movies? • What did you

a Complete the questio ns with a verb.

last weekend?

In pai rs, ask and answer the ques tio ns. Ca n find at lea sr o n e rhing fro m each sec tion rhar you have in comm o n?

YOll

1 2 »)) Listen and re pea t the Free Time questi o ns. Copy the rhy.thm .

0e in live

Sentence st ress Remember that we usually stress the important words in a sentence (t he ones that carry import ant informat ion) and say t he other words less st rongly, e.g., Where are you from? What do you do?

the city.

2 GRAMMAR word order in questions Reorde r the words co make questions.

3 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds, the alphabet a

born where you r parents we re ? 1: where fro m teacher our is ? 3 name your how you do spe ll ? 4 did last YOll go ni ght out ?

>- p.126 Gramma r Bank lA. Learn more about word order in questions and practice it. e Sta nd up and as k different stud ents the first questi o n unt il somebo dy says yes. Then ask the follow-up question . Co ntinue with the other qu es tion s, asking di fferent stud enrs.

5») Look at the sound pictures. What a re the words and vowel sounds? Listen and check. "

I ld~ ? j b

~ as ~

> p.166 Sound Bank. L ook at th e typical spe llin gs o f these sound s.

c Add these letters to th e circles.

Do you drink a lot of cOffee!l 0es, I do.

E G H J M 0 R W X Y

How many cups af coffee do you drin~ 0ve cups a day.

A K

Present , drink a lot of coffee (or rea)? How Olany cups ... ? I go to bed ea rly durin g the week? \Vhar time ... ? I spend a long rime on Facebook every day? How long... ?

ti1

Z V T

? P

&l)

Past I have a bi g brea kfast toda),? \Vhar ... ? I go somewhere nice on Sa turday? Where ... ? I see a good movie las t week? \Vhat movie ... ? .....

16 ») Liste n and check, Pract ice say ing th e letters in each circle,

Ask and answer with a panller. Do you usually ger in much w irh your friends by pho ne. email, o r Facebook? Do you have an iPod or ~IP3 player? What kind? Do you often wa tch O\' Os? \Vh ar kind? Do you wa rch ESP0J, C1\'N, o r \-IT" ? Do YOll have any friends from the lJS or rhe UK ?

4 SPELLING & NUMBERS a b

17 ») Listen and wri te six first names.

Inrer view your panner and compl ete the fo rm , Student information

> Communication What's his name? How do you

first name

spell it? A p.lDO B p.106.

last name

How do you say these numbers?

address

13 30 76 100 150 375 600 1,500 2,000 10,500

d 2

8») Listen and w rite th e numbers.

phone number

Ga te _ __

miles

3 Tel: _ __ 5 $'- - 4 Population: _ _ __

Online Practice

G simple present V d escribing people: appearance and personal ity P fi naL-s / -es

I like good books. He doesn't like sports.

1 VOCABULARY describing people a

9») Listen ro a man descr ibing h is girlfriend and check (.I) her picrure.

b Listen aga in. \Vhat two quest io ns does Luke's friend ask him? How does Luke answer the second question?

What does she look like? What is she like?

What does she look like? = Tell me about her appearance (Is she tall / short? What calor hair does she have?). What is she like? = Tell me what kind of person she is (Is she friendly? Is she shy?).

>- p.1SO Vocabulary Bank Describing people.

2 READING a \Vho do you think knows you bener, your mother (or father) or yo ur best friend? \Vhy? b Read t he int rod uction a nd the fi rst paragrap h of the article. \V har is the idea of the experiment? 2 \Vho is Charlotte? 3 \V ho are Alice and Katie? 4 Whardo Alice and Katie have mdo?Then what happens? c Now read what C harlotte says. With a pa rt ner guess the meaning of the highli ghted words and phrases. d Cover the text. Can you remember? What does Cha rlotte like doing? 2 What's she like? 3 What ki nd of me n does I doesn't she like? 4 \Vho does she think is go ing to choose bener? Why?

In our weekly experiment, single people who are looking for a partner ask their mother and their best friend to help. his week's single person is Charlotte Ramirez. a 25-year-old web designer. Her father is T Argentinian and her mother is American. She lives in San Francisco, and she doesn't have a partner right now. Her mother, Alice. chooses a man she thinks is perfect for her daughter and her best friend. Kat ie, chooses anot her. Then Charlot te goes on a date wi th each man. Which one does she prefer? I love going to the movies, but J often feel like staying at home w ith a good book," says Charlotte. " I'm very friendly and sociable and I get along well with most people. I think I have a good sense of humor." "'What kind of men do I li ke? Well, I like interesting men who can make me laugh. Physically, I prefer men with a really nice smile who are talle r tha n me. And J don't usually like men with beards! I like men who are into literature and art. and classical music." ,

" I'm not sure who is going to choose better for me. Both my mom and my best friend know me very well. Maybe Katie cou ld find me a guy who is •• phYSically more compatible, but my mother has "7"7 known me fo r longer!

3 GRAMMAR simple present

5 PRONUNCIATION final-s / -es

a From memory, try to complete the sentences using the s imple prese nt.

2 3 4

16 )) Listen and repear. !.nake

She have a parrner right now. She o n a date with each man. Which o nc she prefer? What kind of men Il ike? usually like men wi th beards.

zeb ra

She li kes cars. , He work s with his parents. He has brown eyes. She wea rs jeans. She relaxes with boxes of chocolates. He uses glass es to read.

b In pairs, answer the questions. \Vhich lener do you add to most ve rbs with he, sIte, and it? 2 How do the verbs below change with he, she,

Pronunciation of f inal -s I -es: verbs and nouns The final-s is pronounced ~ or 'z. . The difference is small. The final -es is pronounced 'IZ, after ch, c, g, sh, 5, Z, and x.

andi£?

watch I stlldy I [Jo I have 3 \Vh ar auxiliary verbs do you use to make questions and negatives with ... ? a 1/YOII / lVe / 'hey bile / she / it

17 )) How do you say rhe lie I she I it form o f these verbs and th e plural of these nouns? Listen and check. ve rbs: choose cook go live stop teach nouns: boy class date friend language parent

>- p.126 Grammar Bank lB. Learn more about the simple presem and practice it.

d Ca n you remember the kind of m en C harlotte likes and does n 't like?

6 SPEAKING & WRITING a

e Look at the photos o f Alexander and Oliver. Find out about them. Communica t ion Alexander and Oliver A p.l00 B p.106.

Look at th e form below and prepare to give this info rmation about your friend.

Do you have a friend who is looking for a partner? Help him / her find one! Name Relationship

Personali ty

Single Divorced Separated

Age Job

Likes

Appearance

f Which man do you think is better for C h arlotte? Why? Doesn't like

4 LISTENING a

1 14 )) Li sten to Charlotte talkin g about what h appened when she met Alexander. What did she think of him? Does she want to see him again?

b Listen again and wrire down any adjectives or express ions that Charlotte uses to descri be hi s appearance and personality. e

llS )) Now repeat for Oliver.

d \Vhar does C ha rlotte decide in the end ? Do you agree wirh her?

WI§;;;W

b \Vork in pairs. Ask and a nswer about your people. Compare the information. Do you think the two people are compat ibl e? 0hat'Shis (her) name?

c ... p.lll Writing Describing a person. \Vrite a desc ripti o n of a person you know.

18 »))

SONG Ugly JJ Online Proctice

•

G present continuous V clothes, prepositions of place P /01 and fori

What's the woman doing? She's standing in front of the window.

1 VOCABULARY clothes

3 GRAMMAR present continuous

Look at the pictures. \Vhat are the models wearing? Match the word s and clothes.

o boots o pants o shirt o shoes o skirt

Look at the painting on page 9 by arti st Da vid Hockney (1937-). In pairs. describe t he man and the wo man . \Vhat do they look like? • \Vhat are they wear ing? • \Vhat are th ey doing?

b Underline th e correc t for m of the verb, present continu ous or simple present.

o top

In the pa intin g the man isn't lI'earitlB J doesll 't wear shoes. 2 In some cou ntri es women often wear J are wearin8 hats to wedd in gs. 3 In the painting a white cat sits J is sitti1lg on rhe man's kn ee. 4 My son usua lly sits I is sittitl8 at the back of the class so th at the teacher can't see him. c ,... p.126.Grammar Bank le. Learn m o re about the present cont inuous and practice it.

p.1Sl Vocabulary Bank Things you wear.

d LOQk at the pictures on page 4. What are the people wearing? \Vhar are they doing?

2 PRONUNCIATION 1:>1 and l"drl a

1 20 »)) Listen to these word s and sou nd s. Practice say in g them.

~ computer

bracelet card igan jacket necklace

~ bird

shirt

sk irt

4 LISTENING a

24 »)) Look at the painti ng Mr arid Mrs Clarkalld Percy o n page 9 and listen to the audio gu id e. Focus on the people and things in t he pai ntin g as they are mentioned.

b Listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) o r F (fa lse).

T-shirt 2

b Look at th e hi gh lighted letters in t he wo rds below. \Vhich sOllnd do t hey have, I or 2? actor chemistry first painter third arrive imagine world attr'active instrument problem prefer

c d e

21» ) Listen and check. ~ p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical spelli ngs for these so und s.

Ask and answe r the questions with a panner. \Vhat clothes do you usually wear ... ? at wo rk J college J school when you go out at night when you wa nt to relax on th e weekend

3 4

5 6

8 9 IQ

11 12

Percy is the name of th e car. Mr. and Mrs. C lark made clothes for famous people. The painting shows their living room. The painting is very smal l. Celia is pregnant in the painting. Ossie is purr in g hi s feet into the rug because he is cold. The pos ition of the couple in the pa inrin g is unu sual. The open wi ndow is a sym bol of the love between them. T he cat is a sy mbol of infide lity. Celi a and Ossie later got divorced. Ccl ia doesn't like the painting. Ossie Clark died in 1995.

5 VOCABULARY prepositions of place 3.

Loo k at so me sen tences t h at descr ibe the pa inti ng. Com plete them wi th a word or phrase fro m the list.

.6 SPEAKING

in (x2) on (x2) under in front of behind between next to on the right on the left in the middle

I T here are two people _ _ __ the room. , and the ma n is 2 T he woman is standing sini ng _ _

3 4 S 6

7 S b

of the pai nti ng, ____ the man and the woma n, there's an open window. A whi te car is sitt ing th e man. T here's a ru g the ma n's chair. There's a te lepho ne the fl oor ____ the ma n's chair. the telepho ne there's a la mp. the woman there's a table, and a vase with fl owers ir.

25 »)) Listen and check. T hen cover th e sentences and look at t he pai nt ing. Say where the things and people are.

Describing a picture (a painting or photo) When we describe a picture we usually use: There ;s / There are to say what is in the picture, e.g., There is a table and a vase with flowers in it. There are two people. • The present continuous to say what the people are doing, e.g., The woman is standing and the man is sitting. • Sometimes we combine There is and the present continuous, e.g., There is a woman standing near the window.

>- Communication Describe and draw A p.lDO B p. I 06. Desc ribe your pi cture fo r your pann er to draw.

b In sma ll gro ups, ask and answe r th e quest ion s.

2 3 4 5

\Vh ic h of th e th ree paintings in thi s lesso n do you prefer? \Vhy? W har pictu res or pos ters do you have on the wal l in your bedroom or livin g room ? Do you have a favo r ite pai min g? \V har? Can you desc ribe it? Do you have a favor ite pai nter? \Vho? Do you (or did you) paint or draw? \Vhar kinds ofr hings?

Online Practice

Hotel problems 1 !E~ INTRODUCTION a Look at the photos. Desc rib e Jenny and Rob. b

26 Âť)) Watch or listen to Jenny. N umber the pic[U res 1-6 in the order she mentions them.

Watch or li ste n aga in and answer th e questions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

What does Jenny do? Where d id she go a few months ago? Who's Rob Walker? What did they do together? What does she think of Rob? What's Rob's one negat ive quality? How long is Rob going to be in New York?

â&#x20AC;˘

rrl

2 !E~ CALLING RECEPTION a

3 !E~ JENNY AND ROB MEET AGAIN

27 »)) Cove r th e di alogue a nd wa tch or liste n. W ho does Rob call? W hy?

ma rk t he sentences T or F.

b Watch or listen again. Co mplete the You Hear phrases. )1) You Hea r You Say Hetlo, reception. How can 1_ _ _ you?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Hello. This is room 613. There's a problem with the air-conditioning. It isn't working, and it's very hot in my room.

I'm sorry, sir.

I'll

somebody up to look at it right now. Thank you.

Good _ _ _ reception . Hello . I'm sorry to bother you again. This is room 613. I

28 »)) Watch o r liste n and re pea t t he You Say ph rases. Copy the ~t hm .

o I'll 1'/1 = I will . We use /'1/ + verb to offer to do something.

d e

d Pract ice the d ialogue in 2 b w ith a partner. ~

In pa irs, role- play the d ialogue.

A (book opcn) You are the rece ptio nist. B (book cl osed) You are a guesr. You have two problems with your room (think abour whar they are). A O ffer to do somethin g about B's problems. You begi n with Hello, reception.

Look at the Social E n g lis h p h rases. Ca n you remember any o f the m iss in g word s? Social English phrases Jenny Here you at last. Rob It's to be here. Jenny Do you have a view? Jenny Barbara's forward to meeting you. Jenny You be really tired. Rob I guess you're _ __ Rob By the _ __ Jenny It's _ _ _ to see you, too.

I'm sorry, sir. you through to IT. Thanks.

A There's a problem with t he ai r-conditioning. B I'lt send somebody to look at it.

Rob says he does n't like the hotel . Jenny is goi ng to show him around the city tom orrow. Ba rbara is Jen ny's boss. Rob is hu ngry. It's four in the morni ng fo r Rob. T hey're goi ng to meet at eleven. Jen ny thinks th at Rob is go ing to ge t lost.

b Watch o r liste n agai n. Say why the F sentences are fa lse.

How can I help you? I have a problem with the Wi-Fi. I ca n't get a signal. I'll

29 ))) Th at evening Jenny goes to the hoeel to meet Rob, and they go out for somethin g to eat. Wa tch or listen and

30 )))

Watch or listen and complete th e phrases.

Watch o r listen agai n and repeat the ph rases . How do you say them in you r language? •

Can you ... ?

o o

tell somebody about a problem (e.g., in a hotel) offer to do something greet a friend who you haven't seen for a long time

f Change roles. Online Practice

G simple past: regu lar and irregular verbs V vacations P regu lar verbs: -ed endings

1 VOCABULARY vacations a

In o ne minuce, write do wn fi ve things you like doin g when you're o n vacatio n, e.g., reiax illB,Bo j"B to musellms. Then compare w ith a pa rtner.

>- p.152 Vocabulary Bank Vaca t ions. In pairs, inter view your partner with th e vacation ques tionnaire. Ask Why?

My perfect summer vacation Which do you prefer...? going abroad or going on vacation in your country going by car, bus, plane, or train going to the beach or going to a cit y staying in a hotel {or apartment} or going camping

tanning, going sightseeing, or going for walks hot, sunny weather or cool, cloudy weat her going with friends or going with your family

2 READING & SPEAKING a Wo rk in pairs. A read abo ut Ioe's vacat ion. Bread abo U[ Laura's va cation. Find th e answers ro qu estio ns 1- 5. \Vhere did he I she go on vacat io n? 2 Who did he I she go with ? 3 Wh ere did he I she stay? 4 \Vh at was rh e wea th er like? 5 \V hy didn 't he I she enjoy the vacation? b Now tell your partner about the vacat ion you read. Use qu estion s 1- 5 to help you. c

Read your pa rtner's text. In pairs, guess th e mean ing of th e highlighted words and phrases. \Vh ose vacation do you rhink was wo rse? \Vh)'?

d H ave you eve r taken a vacatio n th at you didn 't enjoy very much? Wh at happened?

Where did

The place is perfect, the weather is wonderful, but if you're with the wrong person, a vacation can be a disaster...

Joe

28, a flight attendant

Last October, I went on vacation to Thailand for two weeks with my girlfriend, Mia. The vacation began we ll. We spent two days in Bangkok and saw the Floating Market and the Roya l Palace. But things we nt wrong when we left Bangkok. I wanted to stay in hostels, which were basic but clean, but Mia said they were too uncomfortable. So we stayed in very expensive hotels. r wanted t o experience the local atmosphere. but Mia just wanted to go shopping. I thought I knew Mia well, but you don't know a person unti l you travel with him or her. It was awful! We argued about everything. For our last four days we went to Ko Chang. a beautiful island. It was like being in paradise. The weather was bea utiful and the beaches were wonderful, but we just sunbathed without speaking . We spent our last night back in Bangkok, and we met some travelers from Australia. They were really friendly, and Mia started flirting with one of the boys. That was the end . you don't know a When we arrived at O'Hare International

person until you travel with hi m

Airportthe next day. we decided to break up. I took hundreds of photos. but when I got home I didn't show them to anyone.

or her"

Laura

cc I'd love to go back to Costa Rica one Last spring, my best friend Isabelle and day... but without 1booked a vacat ion in Costa Rica. We rented a small house for a week. wit h a fantastic view Linda. " of the ocean . At the last minute another friend, 26, a nu rse

Linda. asked jf she could come, too. We fe lt sorry for her because she had problems with her boyfriend, so we said yes. Costa Rica was magical and the weather was perfect. but the vacation was a disaster for one simple reason: Linda was so cheap! She has a good job so she's not poor, but she just didn't want to pay f or anythi ng. When we went sightseeing. she didn't want to go on any cruises or do any nature act ivities that cost money. When we went on a zipl ine tour, she complained that it was too expensive. When we went to have lunch or dinner, she always wanted to go to cheap restaurants or she bought a sandwich and ate it in the house. But the night I invited her and Isabelle out on my birthday, she chose the most expensive things on the menu! The worst thing was that although Isabelle and I paid for the house, Linda never once bought us a coffee or a snack . I'd love to go back to Costa Rica one day...but without Linda .

3 LISTENING

S PRONUNCIATION regular verbs: -ed endings

34 »)) You arc going to listen to M ia and Linda talking about rhei r vacations. First listen to Mia. Does she ag ree w ith Joc about the vacatio n?

37 ») Listen and repear the sentences.

~ tie

b Listen aga in. What does Mia say about ... ?

1 2 3 4

her relationship with Joe before they went (he places where they stayed talking to other trave lers photos

5 goi ng on vaca tion wi th a boyfriend

\Ve booked a vaca ti on. We walked around the town. \Ve su n bathed on the beach.

dog

\Ve argu ed about everything. \Ve relUed a ho use.

I \Ve decided to break up. b Say the simple past ofrhese verbs. In which ones is -ed pronounced IId/? arrive ask end

35 »)) Now listen to Linda. \Vhat's her

op inion ofthe vacation? Then li sten again. \Vhat does she say about ... ? Costa Rica :2 what they did there 3 the cost of her vacation

invite like love need

park start stay

38 )) Listen and check.

P Regular simple past verbs Remember that we don't usually pronounce the e in -ed. The -ed ending is usually pronounced I or ,d . The difference between these endings is very small. We only pronounce the e in -ed when there is a t or a d before it, e.g., want ed, ended. With these verbs -ed = Id .

4 her nex t vacat ion

d \Vha do you sympat h ize with most, Jac or \rlia? Lauraor Linda?

6 SPEAKING 4 GRAMMAR simple past: regular and irregular verbs a

Look at Your last vacation below. \Vhat are the ques tio ns?

b Think about your answers co the questions.

\Vh m is the si mpl e past of these verbs? Are they regu lar or irreg ul a r? Check your answers in Joe's text. go _ _

spend _ __

begin _ __ leave _ __

wa nt sray _ __

be _ _ I__ rhink _ __

know

argue _ __

s unbathe _ _ _

take

YOUR LAST VACATION 1 WMr<- / !l o? :L Wh<->1- / !l o? 3 Who / !l0 with? q. WMr<- / stAY? 5 WhAt / th<- food Like.? 10 WMt / the. weAtMr Lik.<-? 7 WhAt / do d.... rioy tM dAY? 8 WMt / do At oU!l ht? q / MVe A!l0od tiWJ.<-? 10 / MVe A>1-Y probLeww?

b Now u nde rline the simp le pasr ffi verbs in Laura's text. \Vhat are the base forms?

c Fi nd and unde rline [WO s im ple past G verbs in the [WO texts. How do yo u make B and in rhe sim ple past .. . ?

wit h normal ve rbs with was I were with could d

>- p.128 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more aboU[ the sim ple past and practice it.

\Vork in pairs. Ask your parmer about his I her vacation. Show interest in what he I she says and ask for more information. Then change roles.

Useful language for showing interest Really? Wow! Fantastic! Great! etc. Oh, no! How awful! etc. Was it expensive? Why? What happened? etc.

I±l El

Online Practice

G past continuous V prepositions of time and place: at, in, on P sentence stress

What was happening?

1 READING a

Look at a photo th at news photog raphe r Tom Pil sto n took in 2008. \Vhat do you think is ha ppc nin g?

b Re ad To m's dcsc riptio n o f wh at happe ned o n the night he too k the photo. We re you right?

c Read it aga in and an swe r the qu estio ns. Why did Tom Pil sto ll go to Chicago? 2 \Vhy couldn't he take a photograph of Ob a m a? 3 Wh at was the wea th er like? 4 Wh ere di d he take th is photo?

5 \V here could th e people see the electi on res ul ts? 6 Was he sorry th at he co ul dn't go ins id e the ce nter? 7 What happe ned when Obama won?

n NQVember 4th, I arrived in Chicago late in the evening. I wanted to photograph Barack Obama and his fam ily in the convention center, but when I got there I discovered that I didn't have my press pass and I couldn't go inside. I walked around the park

outside the center. Although it was November, it wa s a warm night.

d Why do you think the photograph er tho ught

The atmosphere was wonderful. When I took this photo, everybody was looking at the TV screens waiting for the election results. some people were quietly holding hands and smiling - others were ten se and nervous. They felt that it was their moment. Suddenly, I realized that this was a better place to be than inside. I was watching Obama's victory through the faces of all these people, African, Hispanic, Chinese, white. At about 11 o'clock the results w ere announced, and everybody went crazy. people started laughing, shouting, and crying. But when Obama made his speech they all became quiet and emotional. There was only one place to be on the planet that night - and I w as there.

hi s ph oto was better than a pho to o f Ob a m a him sel f? D o you agre e?

2 GRAMMAR past continuous a Look at dle hi ghlighted verbs in an ex trac t fro m th e text. D o they descri be acrio ns th at h appened ... ?

a after he rook th e photo b at the sa me time as he took th e ph oto When I took this photo, everybod y was looking at the TV screens waiting f or th e election results. Some people were quietly holding hands and smiling - other s were tense and nervous.

> p.128 Grammar Bank 2B. L earn m or e about th e pa st co ntinuo us and practi ce it.

3 VOCABULARY at, in, on a W hic h pre posi tion do you use befo re ... ? I a dare (e.g., November 4rh) _ _

2 a tim e (e.g., 11 o'clock) __ _ 3 the mornin g, th e afternoo n, etc. _ _ 4 a room o r buildin g (e .g., the conve ntion cente r) _ _

b C heck yo ur an swers to a in the text. \Vhat pre pos iti o n do yo u lI se w ith ... ?

41 ))) In pairs, listen to the sounds and

1 a month (e.g .. Janua ry) _ _ 2 th e weekend

make a se nte nce usin g the pa st continuous and th e sim ple past.

( ,~,~? were playing tennis ~n

it started to rain.

3 ho me. wo rk , sc hoo l _ _

> p,153 Vocabulary Bank Prepositions, D o parr I .

d ~ Communication at, in, on A p.lOO B p.106. A nswerth e questio ns w ith a pre positio n and a ti me or place .

4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress 43 Âť)) listen and r epea tthe dialogue. Copy the

6 SPEAKING & WRITING a Talk to a partner. Give more information if you cao.

~t hll1.

Do yo u h ave a photo YOll really like? \Vha took it? What was happening at rh e tim e?

A Where were you at six o'clock in the evening? B I was at work. A What were you doing? B I was having a meeting with the boss.

2 Do you upload photos ro Facebook o r other Internet s ires? What was the la st photo you upload ed ? 3 Do you have a p ho to as the sc ree n saver on your compu ter or phone? \Vhat is it of?

b In pairs, take turns answering th e ques tio ns about yesterday. 6:30 a.m.

11:00 a.m.

lunchtime

6:00 p.m.

10:00 p.m.

midnight

Whe~e were you ,at 9:30

4 Do you have a favorite photo of yoursel f as a child ? \ Vho too k it ? \Vhat was happen in g when they too k it ? \Vhar were you wea rin g?

4:00 p.m.

5 Do you h ave any photos in your bedroom o r li ving room? Whar are rhey of? 6 Do you know any oth er famous hi srorica l phoros? \Vh o or w h at are they of?

) ( I was at home. In the mornmg~

'2--

.!.1

What were you dOing

~ p. 1l2 Writing

l-1y favorite photo. W r ite a desctipti on of your favo ri re photo.

5 LISTENING a

Look at a famous photO that was on the cover of many magazin es around rhe world in the 19605. \Vh ere do you think th e people a re ? \Vh ar do you think is happening?

b Read the beginning of a n ewspaper anicl e. \Vhy do you think it is called ;'Tlie imaBe tllat cost a fortune"? c

44 )) Now listen to the wo ma n in the photo talking abo ut it . \ Vere YOll right?

d Li s ten aga in. C hoose a, b, or c. In 1968,she __ .

a wasn't interested in politics b was a communist c was an anarchist She loved rhe atmosphere because all the sru denrs were fig hting for __ . a peace b democra cy c freedom She was sitting on a friend's shoulders __ " a beca use she was tired b to take photos c so that she could see better She was carrying the flag because __ . a she was a leader in the demon stratio n b so mebod y gave it ro her c she brought it wit h her Ilet grandfather died six __ later. a days b weeks c month s

e Do you think she is sorry that she was in th at phoro?

aroline de Bendern was born in 1940. She was the granddaughter of count Maurice de Bendern, a rich aristocrat who owned a lot of property in Paris and Monaco. Although he had other grandchildren, the Count decided to leave all his money to Caroline. "I never knew why," says Caroline. " Perhaps because I was pretty." He paid

for her to go to very expensive schools in England, and he

~ â&#x20AC;˘8 ~ ~

hoped that she would marry well, perhaps a member of a European royal family. But Caroline was a rebel. She went to '" ~ New York and worked there for a short time as a model. Then, -

in 1968 when she was 28 years Old, she returned to paris...

Qnlinc Prl!niu~

G time sequencers and connectors V verb phrases P word stress

Because she was in a hurry.

1 GRAMMAR

annah met Jamie in the summer of 2010.

time sequencers and connectors a

It was Hannah's 21st birthday, and she and her

friends went to a club. They wanted to dance, but they didn't like the music, so Hannah went to speak to the DJ. "This music is awful," she said. "Could you play something else?" The DJ looked at her and said, "Don't worry, I have the perf ect song for you."

45 »)) Read the story o nce. Then complete it with a word or phrase fro m th e box. Liste n to the story and check. After that The next day One evening in October Suddenly Tue miAI:JEes-ta.fef When

1 Two

minutes Later he said, "The next song is by Scouting For Girls. It's called Blue As Your Eyes, and it's for a beautiful girl who's dancing over there." Hannah knew that the song was for her. 2 Hannah and her friends left the club. the DJ was waiting for her at the door. "Hi, I'm Jamie," he said to Hannah. "Can I see you again?" So Hannah gave him her phone number.

b With a partner, answer th e questions. 1 Why did Han nah go and speak to Jamie? 2 Why did Jamie play Bllle As YOllr Eyes? 3 What happen ed when Hannah left the club? 4 What wa s the restaurant like? 5 Where did they go eve ry evening after th at? 6 What was the weather like th at evenin g? 7 \Vhy was Hannah drivin g fast? 8 Why didn't she see the man?

c From memory, complete these sentences from rhe story with so, because, or althou(jh. Then check with the story. I She was going very fast ___ she was in a hurry.

2 _ _ _ the food wasn't very good, they had a

wonderful tim e. 3 He was wearing a dark coa t, ___ Han nah didn't see him at first.

d :.- p.128 Grammar Bank 2C. Learn more about [irne sequencers and connectors and prac[ice [hem. e

_ _ _ _ Jamie called Hannah and invited her to dinner. He took her to a very romantic restaurant, and they talked ' all evening. Although the food wasn't very good, they had a wonderful time. 4 Jamie and Hannah saw each other every day. Every evening when Hannah finished work, they met at 5:30 in a coffee shop on Bridge Street. They were madly in love. _ _--,._ ' Hannah was at work. As usual she was going to meet Jamie at 5:30. It was dark and it was raining. She looked at her watch. It was 5:20! She was going to be late! She ran to her car and got in. At 5:25 she was driving along BrIdge Street. She was going very fast because she was in a hurry. , a man ran across the street. He was wearing a dark coat, so Hannah didn't see him at first. QUickly, she put her foot on the brake ... 6

Complete the se ntences in your o'\vn words. Then co mpare with a pa rtner. 2 3 4 S 6

They fell in love on their first date. Two months later ... I went re bed ea rly last night because ... The weather was beautiful, so we decided ... It was really cold that night, and when I woke up next morning ... Although we didn 't play well in [he final game ... I was driving along th e freeway listening to th e rad io. Suddenly...

. -. .....

: r~~

. ,..... ... ,..., ' . ...;, . i ,

••

.:..

. I'"..

"".. ,",\ . 1" /

......... . /

,,...

-.,

2 PRONUNCIATION word stress

P Stress in twoÂˇsyUable words Approximately 80% of two-syllable words are stressed on the first syUable. Most two-syllable nouns and adjectives are stressed on the first syUable, e.g., mother, happy. However, many two-syUable verbs and prepositions or connectors are stressed on the second syllable, e.g., arrive, behind, before.

4 SPEAKING & LISTENING a

Read the story ofHannah and Ja m ie in 1 aga in .

In pairs, use pic[U res 1-5 to retell the story. Try to use connecto rs and the ve rb ph rases in 3 .

a Underline rh e stressed syllable in these words fro m rhe sto ry. alcross al iter alga in allong at!though aw llul be lcause birth lday eve lning in lvite per llect selcond b

49 ))) Listen an d check.

3 VOCABULARY verb phrases a Ma ke verb phrases wi th a verb fro m box 1 and a phrase from box 2. A 11 the phrases are from the story. invite somebody to dinner

invite

have drive

meet give

take

along Bridge Street somebody your em ail/phone number

a song across the street

wait

in a hurry

be play

in a coffee shop

leave

the club very late

run

someeedy-te-dinnef

for somebody

somebody to a restaurant a wonderful time

b Cover box 1. Try to rem em ber the verb fo r each phrase.

c T here are two d iffe rent endin gs to t he story. Ta ke a cl ass vore. Do you wa nt to listen to the happy ending o r the sad ending? d

50,51 Âť)) \Vhat do you thi n k is goi ng to happ en in the end ing you have chosen ? Li sten o nce and check.

Lis ten aga in . If you chose th e happy endi ng, an swer the questions in> Communication Happy ending p.LOl . If you chose the sad ending, answe r th e ques ti on s in ~ Communication Sad ending p.109.

152 )))

SONG Blue As Your Eyes /.I Online Practice

GRAMMAR

4 A Did you ___ any photos? B 0, I didn 'r. SA Wheredidyou ___ ? B In asma llhorel.

@ a . b , or c.

6 Did you ~ your flights on linc? 7 A L et's ~ yourpa re m stodin n e r . B Good idea. 8 A Are you going to -=...:....- t he re? B No, we're goi ng to take the train. 9 A Go on! Ask the DJ to ~ our song! B OK. 10 A What time do we need to ~ home tomorrow? B About 7:00. Our flight is at 9:00.

any brothers or siste rs? a Have you b Do you c Do you have 2 ___ la st night? I

a Where you wem b Where did you go c \Vhere you did go 3 My broth er ___ soccer. a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes 4 Her paren ts ___ a sma ll business.

1 2 3 4

The meecing is ___ Marc h 13th . A \Vhere's Mom? B She's the kitchen. He was born 1989. A Where's the dictionary? Bi t's ___ the shelf in my room. S Mark's not back yet- he's still ___ school. 6 It's a very quiet tow n , especia lly ___ ni ghr. 7 We wem _ _ vacat ion to Bangkok last yea r.

a has

6 7 8

b haves c have to music when I'm work ing. a never li ste n b don't neve r li sten c liste n neve r In the picture the woman ___ a blue dress. a wears b weari ng c is wea rin g A \Vhat ___ ? B I'm looking for my keys. a you are doing b do you do c are you doin g She's in coll ege. She ___ history.

b Complete with at, in, o r 0 11.

c @thewo rdth ati sd ifferem.

a 's sruding b 's st udying c studyin g 9 We ___ ro Bangkok la st August. Cl

we re

b we nt

1 stra ight

2 smart 3 friendly

c did go

10 I saw th e movie, but I ___ it.

12 13 14

a didn 't liked b don't liked c didn't like on rhe sofa. When I got home, my parents a were sirring b was sitting c we re siti ng What at 11 p.m.? You didn't answer my cal l. a YOll were doing b you was doing c were you doing She cou ldn't see him because she her glasses. a wasn't wearing b didn't wear c didn't wear in g We went to the movies. ___ we decided to go for a walk. a After b Then c \Vhen We had a great time, ___ the weather wasn't very good. a so

b because

4 dress 5 socks

6 neck lace 7 windy 8 basic

blond generous stupid rights snea kers ring

beard funny unkind t ie sa nda ls scarf

foggy dirty

dirty uncomfortable

sunny luxurious

PRONUNCIATION the word with a different sound .

a @

sh ir t

shorts

'IZI

c hooses

languages li ve"

weight

heigh t

c although

VOCABULARY a Co mplete th e phrases with a ve rb from the list. book do drive invite leave look play stay take wear

A What do yOll ___ ? B I'm a docrer. 2 A \Vhat does shc ___ like? B She's tall and slim . 3 She doesn't usua llYÂˇ1 ~ ewelry-only her wedding rin g.

long lazy cheap skirt gloves bracelet

~ U nd erline the stressed sy llable.

5 b

a rri ve

a long

1 ta l ka tive

3 pre fer

2 mus tache

4 dis gus ting

work

curly glasses

kind

n igh t

actor

about

5 corn for ta ble

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? a

Read the newspaper article once. Does the journalist think that taking pharos in museums is a good thing or a bad thing?

~ CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE

PEOPLE? 1 53 Âť) On the street \Vatch or li ste n to five people and answer the questions.

b Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false)

2 3 4

5 6

The journalist saw rourists raking photographs of works of art in Rome and New York. \Vhen he first saw people taking photos in rhe MOMA, he didn't understand what they were really doing. Then he realized that the photographers were not looking at rhe painrings. They were raking phoros because they wanted to look at the paintings later. Later a couple asked him co take a photo of rh cm in front of a pai nti ng. He suggests twO possible ways of solving the problem.

c Look at the high lighted words in the text. Guess their meaning from the context. Check with your teacher or with a dictionary.

Justin

Joanna

Jeanna

David

Yoni

Ju st in ___ _

2 3

a looks like hi s rnorher b looks like his father c doesn't look like hi s father or his mot her Joanna's favo rite painting is of ___ _ a a landscape b a person c an ani mal Jeanna's last vacation was a short and stressfu l b long and fun c short but good David a takes a lot of photos b is in a lot of photos c has a lor of photos on his phone Yoni sa)'s ___ _ a he enjoys crying at the end of a movie b he thinks movies with a sad end ing are more realistic c he never watches movies with a sad ending

he first time I noticed this phenomenon was a few years ago, in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome - a crowd of people ... standing around Michelangelo's Pier&., taking photos with their cameras and cell phones. Then last week I saw it again at the Museum of Modern Art (the MO MA) in New York City. At first, I wasn't too worried when I saw people photographing the paintings. It was a little irritating, but that was all. It didn't make me angry. Then the sad truth hit me. Most of the people were taking photos without looking at the paintings themselves. People were pushing me , not because they were trying to get a better view of the art, but because they wanted to make sure that no one blocked their photo. Was it possible that maybe they were taking the photos so that they could admire the paintings better when they got home? This was very improbable. They were not there to see the paintings, but to take photos to prove that they had been there.

Then it got worse. Now people were taking photos of their partners or friends who were posing next to, or in front of some of the most famous paintings. Neither the photographers nor the person they were photographing had looked at the art itself, although I saw that sometimes they read the label, to make sure that the artist really was famous. At least nobody asked me to take a picture of them together, smiling in front of a Picasso!

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH? Do the tasks with a partnet_ Check (.1') the box if YOll can do them. Can you ... ?

ask and answer six questions about work I stud ies, family, and free~time activities describe rhe appearance and personaliry of a person you know well describe a picrure in rhis book and say what is happening, what the people are wea rin g, ete. ask and answer three questio ns about a recenr vacation describe a favorite photo and say what was happening when you rook it say three true sentences using the connec tors so, because, and althollBh

~ Short movies A photographer VIDEO

Watch and enjoy the movie.

I think that photography in museums should be banned , but I also have a less drastic solution. I think that people who want to take a photo of an exhibit should be forced to look at it first , for at least one minute. Adapted from Marcel Berlln'S article in The Guardian

Online Practice

G be going to (plans and predictions) V airports P sentence stress and fast speech I'm going to teach English.

1 VOCABULARY airports

2 LISTENING

\Vhen was the last t ime you were at an air port ? Was it to travel somewhere (whe re?) or to meet someone (w ho?)?

goin g to wo,rk abroad for an NCO (= non-governmental orga ni zation) going to see an ex-partner go in g ro do a phoro shoO[ in an exot ic place

b Look at the airport sig ns and match th em ro the words and ph rases below.

What are their plans? What are their dreams?

Arrivals

o o o o o

DeQ2,[tures

;'levators

Baggage check-in Baggage claim Check-in

.-I

Customs

We spent a morning in the departures area last week asking people about their travel plans.

D Gates

CJ Passport control

Terminal

55 )) Liste n a nd chec k your answers to a . T hen listen aga in and compl ete the chart.

Restrooms

D Cart c

Look at the three t ravelers in the picrure. Who do you t hink is ... ?

54 Âť)) L isten and check. Then cover th e words and look at the symbols. Remember che words and phrases.

Why?

Where to?

Other information

Olivia

Matthew

Lily I

3 GRAMMAR be going to (plans and predictions) a

56 J)) Look a t these senre nces fro m the air po rt im er vicws a nd fill in th e blan ks with a fo rm o f be [Joi ll8 to + verb. Then li sten a nd check.

1 En gli sh to youn g children . 2 How lo ng there for? 3 It 's w inrer in Aust ra lia now, so _ _ _ _ _ __ pretty cold . 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you at the air po rt? 5 I'm su re _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 great ti me .

or many people airports are a nightmare -long lines when you check in and go through security and an even longer wait if your flight is delayed. But there are some airports where you can actually enjoy yourself. All good airports have excellent facilities for business people and children, free Wi~Fi, restaurants, cafes, and stores. But the best airports have much more ...

b In pairs dec ide if se ntences 1- 5 arc pla ns or predi ctions about the futllre. Wr ite PL (pl an) or PR (prediction). c

>- p.130 Grammar Bank 3A. Le arn mo re about be BoillB to a nd prac tice it.

SINGAPORE [HANGI AIRPORT is pa rad ise for flower lovers beca use it has an indoor orch id garde n! It also has a rooftop sw imming pool and a free sight-seeing tour for people w ho have at least five hours to wait for their connecting flight.

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sentence stress and fa st speech

If you li ke computer games, you 'll never be bored at HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - there are dozens of free Playstations all overthe terminals! It's also good f or people with no sense of direction - there are "Airport Ambassadors ~ in red coats, w ho help you to get from one place to another.

58 Âť)) Li sten a nd repe a t the se m ences . Copy th e

.r.h.x.t h m . What m )'ougQing ro do tonight? Are yOll gQing to see a movie? 3 ['m gQing to cook a meal for you. 4 I think its gQing ro rain . 2

INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT isthe place to relax. You can go to the hairsalon and have beauty treatments or a massage. Sports fans can also play golf atthe airport's 72-hole golf course!

S We aren't gQing to have a vacation thi s year.

)C' Fastspeech: gonna

MUNICH AIRPORT helps to keep passengers entertained with a GO-seat movie theater and non -stop movies. There is also free coffee and tea near all the seating areas, and lots of free magazines and newspapers.

- _

When people speak fas t they often pronounce going to as gonna '''g;)nal, e.g., What are you going to do? sounds like What are you gonna do?

59 Âť)) Li ste n a nd w rit e six se ntences .

If you worry about your health and like to be near medical services at all times, OSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT in Japan is the perfect place to wait because it has dentist and doctor offices. And for people with animals, there is even a pet hotel!

> Communication What are your plans? A p.IOI

If y ou don't have time to do your laundry because of your busy

B p. 107. Ince rview eac h othe r about you r plan s.

schedule, drop it off atthe VANCOUVER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT cleaners before you have to boa rd your flight. Then pick up your clean clothes when you get back from your trip.

5 READING a Wh a t is your nea rest a irport? \V hat 's it li ke? \Vhat ca n you do t here while you're wa iting for a fl ight ?

b Read a n a rt icle about tn e top airports in t he world . Which is th e best a ir port(s) if you ... ?

Look at t he highlighted word s a nd phrases related to a ir ports and guess t heir meanin g.

Role- pl ay w it h a pa rtner.

2 3 4 5 6 7

have a med ical problem would like to see a mov ie want to pl ay a spo rt or exercise need to leave your dog for the weekend are worr ied about genin g lost wa nt to wash your clothes woul d like to see the c ity bet ween fl ights

A imagine YO ll are at one of t hese airports and your fl igh t is delayed for th ree hours. B ca ll s you on yo ur cell phone. Tell B where you are and what you are goi ng to do. T he n change roles. Do the same with other a ir ports.

60 ))

SONG This is the Life -" Online Practice

G present continuous (future arrangements) V verbs + prepositions, e.g., arrive in P sounding friendly

1 READING & LISTENING a

When are you leaving?

61 1)) How do yo u s ay these dates? Li ste n and chec k.

d Match t he highlighted words and ph rases to t heir mea nin g.

August 12, 2012 December 31 2/ 5 July 20, 199B

May 3

6/ 22

b Ben a nd Lily a re o ld f riend s fro m coll ege. Rea d their

2 3

Face book messages and nu mber th em in order. _

Home

Profile

tomorrow, and then I can let you know my flight time s. Ben West

OK. Why don't you call me closer to the date, at the end of April? Then we can set a day and a time to meet. I know a great restaurant. ..

Lily Varnell

DJ Hi, Ben! No news from you for ages. How are

62 )}) Lily ca ll s Ben and leaves him a message. Li ste n and com plete her fli ght info rm at io n.

Thank you for booking with

Going out: Flight JBY4587 Depart Arrive

Hotel rese rva tions:

lily Varnell

know my travel arrangements yet. What are you doi ng that week? Are yo u free any time? Ben West lily! Great to hear from you . Ye s, I'm sti ll at the uni v ersity here and it 's going really well - San Francis co is a great city to li ve in. When exactl y is the conference?

Lily Varnell

D Wonderful! I can't wait!

Depart Arrive

Date: _ _ __

Boston at 12:10 p.m. Sa n Francisco at

Ben West

D It's from May 3rd to the 7th, but I don't

JetBlue

YOUR RESERVATION N UMBER IS: 15CS2L

Going back: Flight JBY4588

Los Angeles one day that w eek , but it's not very far - I'm coming back the same day. I'm su re we can find a time t hat 's good for both of us.

things? Are you still w orking at the University of San Francisco? I have a conference there next month, and I thought perhaps we could meet. I'd love to se e you again! Lily.

D It depends on th e day. I'm going to

for a long ti me defi n ite plan s for rhe future I conti nue to be _ _ _ maybe ____ th erwo

5 6 _ _ _ to decide some thing (e.g., a day I date)

Lily Varnell

D Great. I'm going to book my tickets D

Read the messages aga in in th e r ight o rder. W hy does Lily ge t in rouch w it h Ben ? \Vh at are th ey plann ing to do?

Date: _ _ __

Sa n Francisco at _ _ __ Boston at 9:10 p.m.

Six nights at Hotel _ _ __

2 GRAMMAR present continuous (future arrangements)

3 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sounding friendly

In pairs, underline five present COminUQll5 \'erbs in the Facebook m essages. \Vhich [WO are about now? \Vhar time period do the othe r three refer to?

A B A B A B A

63 ))) Look at three ext races from rhe message Lily leaves Ben. Ca n yo u remember the mi ssing verbs? Listen and check. 1 I'm 2 I'm

67 »)) Listen to another dialogue. Then li ste n again and repeat it sentence by sentence. Try ro copy the speakers' intonation.

from Bosto n on JetBlue.

Would you like to go out for dinner? I'd love to. Are you free on Thursday? Sorry, I'm going to the movies. What about Friday? What are you doing then? Nothing. Friday's fine. OK. Let's go to the new Italian place.

B Great.

in Sa n Franci sco at 2:40 p.m.

at a hotel near the 3 1'111 convention center.

b Practice the dia logue wit h a panner. Try ro sound friendly.

>- p.130 Grammar Bank 38. Learn more

c Complete your ca lendar with different activities fo r three evenings.

about the present canti nuou s for [mufe

Monday

Wednesday

Fnday

Tueaclay

Thursday

Saturday

Sunday

arra ngements and practice it.

65 )) Lily ca ll s Ben when she arrives at the hotel. Listen to the co nversation. \Vhar day do they arrange to meet?

e Listen again. Complete Ben's ca lendar for the week. Sunday ~.__

seeing Paul

d Talk to other students. Try ro find days when you are both free and suggest doing something. \Vrite it on your calendar. Try to mak e an arrangement with a different p erson for every night. Are you free on Friday evenin~ 0es, I am.

Monday 3

Tuosday4 _

Would you like to go to the moviesQ 0es, I'd love to.

VOCABULARY verbs + prepositions

a Look at things Lily and Ben say. \Vhat are the missing prepositions? 1 Irdepe nds __ rheday. 2 I'm arr ivi ng __ Sa n Francisco at 2:40 p.m. 3 Paul invired me __ dinner ages ago.

WeOneSdayS

b Thursday 6

> p.153 Vocabulary Bank Prepositions. Do part 2 (Verbs + prepositio ns).

c Complete the questions with a preposition. Then ask and answer with a parrner. Friday 7

2 3'

f Cover the ca lendar. \Vork with a partner and test your memory.

What's Ben ~o~ng ') (H~~~ seeing Paul. What's on sunda~ ~ doing on Monday? g

66 »)) Listen. \Vhac happen s when Ben and Lily meec?

\Vhat do you usually ask __ if you go to a cafe with fr iends? \Vho do YOll think should pay __ rhe meal on a first dare? Who do you usually speak __ when you're worried __ something? Do you spend more money __ c1orhesor __ gadgets? Do you rhink ir's possible to fall __ love __ somebody withour meeting rhem face·to·face?

5 WRITING

>- p.113 Writing An informal email. \Vrite an email about travel arrangements.

Online Practice

...

G defining retative clauses V expressions for paraphrasing: like, for example, etc. P pronunciation in a dictionary

What's a

gym?

1 LISTENING

3 VOCABULARY paraphrasing

a \Vhat do you usually do if you're talking to someone in English a nd yo u don't know a word th at YOll need?

Do you like play in g wo rd ga mes li ke Scrabble or doing crossword s? Look at t he Scrabble letters o n th e page. How many

a Look up the translation on your phone. b Try to mime rhe word. c Try re explain wha t you mean usi ng other words you know.

words of fo ur or mo re lette rs ca n you make in three minutes?

~2 )) Listen to the introduction to a TV game show, Wltat's tile Word? How do you play the ga me?

example kind like opposite similar somebody something somewhere

2 3 ))) Now listen to the show. \Vrire down

the six words.

â&#x20AC;˘

I 2 _ _ __

3 _ _ __

5 _ _ __ 6 4 ))) Li sten and check your answers.

2 GRAMMAR defining relative clauses

b Read sentences 1-3 aga in. \Vhen do we use wlio, that, a nd where?

3 a camera It's something ... 4 an elevator I( 's a kind of... S s u nbathe For exa mple, you d o thi s ... 6 curly It's th e op posite ...

4 SPEAKING ~

Comm un ication What's the word? A p.lOl B p.107. Play a game and defin e words for your partner to guess.

>- p.130 Grammar Bank 3C. Learn more

U. S,

1 a DJ It 's somebody.. . 2 an art gallery It's somewhere.

It's something people use to speak to another pe rson. 2 It's a place people go when they want to go shoppin g. 3 It's so mebody ____ works in a hospit,aI.

about definin g relative clauses and practice them.

Useful expressions for explaining a word that you don ' t know:

c Comple te t he defi nitio ns for th ese wo rd s.

a Look at three se ntences fro m What 's tile Word? and co mplete th em with wlio, rlwt, o r where.

I It's I a perso n who works in a hospital. 2 It's I a thing that we use for everything nowadays. 3 It's I a place where people go when they want to buy something. 4 It's a ___ of gadget. S It's the of dark. 6 Ir 's ____ light, bur you use it to desc ribe hai r. 7 It's ro intelligent. 8 For ,YOll do this to rhe TV.

4 _ _ __

6 )) Complete the useful expressio ns wi th these words. Then listen and check.

~ ,

I L

,,--

I ~

READING

.,;;/-

Read rhe articl e. How many ways does it men tio n to create new wo rd s? \Vh ar are they? Look at the hi ghli ghted l1 ew word s. Wh at do you think ~ey mea n ? M atch the m to t he defi nitio n s below. a youn g ma n who is goi ng our w ith a much old er woma n , _ _ _ _ 11 to se nd a mess age using a cell phone 3 _ _ _ _ '1 a person who work s in a co ffee sho p ~ _ _ _ _ 11 feel ing a ngry because of the traffi c or a nothe r pe rson's d riving " ____ ', co ffee wirh hor milk 6 ____ '1 a place whe re YOll ca n also have very good food _ _ _ _ 11

Can you ex pla in th e meaning o f t hese other word s

fro m the tex t? emoticon to tweet iPod to google /tj·Fi ring tone smart phone

PRONUNCIATION pronunciation in a dictionary .a Look at twO d icti on ary ex tracts. \Vh at do the J:bb reviarion s mean ? .arch Is;)rtf v look ca refully because sb or sth

I'OU are trying to find

busy I'bl zi, adj ocupado I ,.

3 sb

, adj _ __

4 sth

Look at th e pho ne tic transc riptio ns in a . How do you p rono ll nee t he wo rd s?

P Checking pronu nciation in a dictionary This symbol {I) shows stress. The st ressed syllable is the one after t he symbol. The Sound Bank on p.166 can help you to check the pronunciation of new words.

2 7 »)) Look ca refu lly at the pronunciatio n o f t he word s below. Practi ce say in g th em correc tly. Li sten a nd c hec k. Do yo u know w hat th ey m ean? YouTlI be '!y utuh .2 key board l! kibJrdl 3 zoom Izuml

4 gadget ilgred30t , 5 message Pmcsldy 6 h acker ·" hrekar

900 new .'. .

in 3 months

veryone knows the English language is changing. Eve ry three mont hs. the OED (Oxfo rd English Dictionary) pu blishes updates to its onlin e dictionary. One recent update contain ed 900 new words, new

expressions. or new m ea nings for existin g words. But w here do they all com e from?

New words are created in many different ways. We can make a new word by combin ing t wo words. like gastropub (gastronomy + pub) or em otico n (emotion + icon).

Sometimes we put two words togethe r in a new way. for examp le. road rage or boy toy.

We also find that nouns can change into verbs. Ta ke the word t ext . Text was always a noun (from about 1369, according to the OED), but it is now very common as a verb, to text somebod y. Other new words al ready ex isted, but with a djfferent meaning. For examp le, tweet was the noise that a bird makes, but now we use it more ofte n (as a verb or a noun) for a message tha t peop le put on the socia l net working site Twitter. Another way in which we make new words is by "adopting" words from foreign la nguages, like barista or latte (imported fro m Italian w he n coffee shops beca me really popular in the US in the 1990s). A lot of new words come from the nam es of brands or compa ni es, for example, we play music on an iPod and we google information . We also need more ge ne ral words to describe new technology or new gadge ts: Wi· Fi, ri ngt"n" , ~ and smartphone are some rece nt examples. The invention of new words is not a new ph e nome no n. The word brunch (breakfast + lunch) first appeared in 1896. newspa per (news + pape r) in 1667, and English speakers sta rted to use the wo rd cafe (from Fre nch) in the late 19th century. The differe nce now is how quickl y new words and ex pressions enter the languag e and how quick ly we start to use and und erstand them.

Restaurant problems 1 !E~ IN THE NEW YORK OFFICE

2 VOCABULARY restaurants Take the restauranr qui z with a partner.

RESTAURANT QUIZ What do you calL? 1 the book or list that tells you what food there is

2 the three parts of a meal 3 the person who serves you 4 the piece of paper with the price of the meal 5 extra money you leave if you are happy with your meal or with the service What do you say...? 1 if you want a table for four people 2 when the waiter asks you what you want 3 when you are ready to pay ~~---------------------

3 !E~ AT THE RESTAURANT .

28Âť)) \Varch or listen. Mark the sentences T

(true) or F (fa lse). Th e New York office is sma ll er than the Lond on office. 2 Barba ra is the designer of rh e magazi ne. 3 Rob has never been [0 New York before. 4 Barbara is goi ng ro have lunch with Rob and Jenny. 5 Holly is go ing to work with Rob. 6 Holly wams to go to the res rauranr because she's hun gry. Watch o r listen again. Say why th e F se nte nces are false.

29 Âť)) Cover the dialog ue and wacch or listen. A n swer the ques tions. \Vhar do rhey order? 2 Whar probl ems do th ey have?

b \Va tch o r lis tcn agai n. Complete th e You Hear phrases.

)) You Hea r You Say Are you ready to

4 !E~ HOLLY AND ROB MAKE FRIENDS

? Yes, please.

Can I get you something to with?

No, thank you. I'd like the tuna with a green salad.

And for you , sir? I'll have the steak, please. Would you like that w ith fries or a baked ? Fries, please. How would you like your steak? Rare, , or Well done. well done? Nothing for me.

_______O_K.Andto ======~?~w~a~t~e~"~p~le~a~s~e~.___________ _____ or sparkling? The tuna for you ma'am, and the steak f or you, No problem. I'll

Sparkling. I'm sorry, but I asked for a green salad, not fries.

it . Excuse me. Yes, sir?

Sorry, I asked for my steak well done and this is rare.

b \Vatch or listen aga in and answer the quest io ns. I \Vhat 's Rob goi ng to write about?

I'm really sorry. I'll it back to the kitchen.

2 How does Holly offer to help him with interviews? 3 \Vhat doe s she say they could do o ne evening? 4 \\l har's the problem with the chec k? 5 \V hy does Jen ny say ir's time ro go? 6 Do you thi nk Jenny wanted Holly to co me ro lunch?

o America n and Brit ish English (French) fries = American English chips = British English

?,Ill )) Watch o r listen to Rob, Holly, a nd Jen ny. Do they enjoy the lu nch?

10 Âť)) Watch or listen a nd repea t the You Say ph rases. !:&py th e rh):th 111 .

American and British English check = American English bill = Brit ish English

d Prac ti ce th c dia log ue w it h a partner. e

In pa irs,

ro l c~p l ay

th e dia log ue.

c Loo k at the Social E n g lish p hrases. Ca n yo u remember any of the m iss in g words?

A You are in rh e resta ura nr. Order a stea k o r tuna. Social English phrases Holly ___ tell me, Rob .. . Rob Well, to with .. . Rob Do you have any ? Rob That would great. Jenny we have the check (bill), please? Jenny Excuse me, I think there's a to go. Jenny OK,

S You are the wai ter/wa itress. Offe r A fries, a ba ked

potato, o r sa lad with the stea k o r tu na. You beg in with Are),ou ready to o rder?

A T here is a problem wit h your order. Explain it to the wa iter/wa itress. S Apologize, and t ry to so lve th e problem.

Cha nge roles. d

12 )))

Watch o r listen and complete the p h ra ses.

\Va tch o r listen again and repea t t he ph rases. How do yo u say them in your langua ge? Can you.,.?

D order food in a restaurant C explain when there is a problem with your food , the check, etc. C ask what somebody is going t o do today Online Practice

G present perfect + yet and already V housework. make or do? P Iyl and Id?!

Have you cleaned up your roo m yet?

1 READING a

2 VOCABULARY housework, make or do?

Look at the definition of reellaBer. How do you pronounce it? Do you have a similar word in your language to describe a person of that age?

a Look aga in at th e highlighted phrases from the text. \Vhich three are co nnected with hou sework ?

teenager I'tincld3Jr,' a person who is between 13 and 19 years old

make

b Read the article about some annoying habits. \Vrite P if you think th e sentence is a parent talking about teenagers, or T if you think it is a tee nager talking about h is I her parents.

present perfect + yet and already Follow

I io

Josh Lopez

They come into my room without knocking and then are surprised to see things they don't really want to know about Rachel Black

....._~

0LJ

They just keep on texting when I'm telling them something really important and they say, "Yeah , yeah I heard you ." Of course they didn't. Anthony Smith

They always pick up the remote and change the channel when I'm watching something really interesting.

'""'"~-- Isla May

They leave their room in a terrible mess and then roll ....... their eyes when I ask them to clean it. Mike Donovan

)f'

They never pick up dirty clothes or wet towels from the floor. They think some elves come later and pick them up! Sarah Vine

They say no before I've even finished explaining what I want to do. OaveWin

They tell me to do the dishes and then complain that I put things in the wrong place in the dishwasher. SamJames

Whenever I need to call them , their cell phone is either turned off or the battery is dead.

'---

c Compare with a partner. Do YOll agree? d Look at the highli ghted verbs and ve rb phrases. With a parmer, say what you think they mean. e

or do?

3 GRAMMAR â&#x20AC;˘

Teenagers have annoying habits but so do their parents! tr

~ p.1S4 Vocabulary Bank Housework,

Do any of the parents' or teenagers' habits annoy you? W hich ones?

2 15)) Look .tthe pictures. What do you think the people a re arguing about? Listen and check.

Lisren again and complete the dia logues \\ ieh a past parriciple from the list.

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING Iyl and Id:J a

~ 19 ») Listen and repeat th e picture words and sounds.

asked done dried ~n j shed looked seen 1

'r~ i9'.

A Have you seen my yellow sweater? I can't f ind it. B No, I haven't. Have you _ _ _ _ in your

ctoset?

yacht b

A Of course I have. What's that under your

bed? A Why aren't you doing your homework? B I've already it. A Really? When? B I did it on the bus this afternoon.

3 A B A B A 4

Have you ____ yet? Almost. I need the bathroom now. But I haven't _ _ _ _ my hair yet. Well, hurry up then.

A I've already you to get a plate for that sandwich. I just cleaned the floor, you know. B OK. Cops - too late. Sorry!

cl e

0 0 '5

)) /t hasn't rained.

haven't finished. rained.

22 ») Listen to rhe firsr part of a radio program abourreenage caregivers. Answer the quest io ns.

~ 23 »)) Now lisren ro rhe resr of rhe program. In what way are the two teenagers unusual? Do they feel positive or negative about their lives?

Listen again and answer with A (Alice). 0 (Dan iel), or B (borh of rh em).

,.. p. 132 Grammar Bank 4A. Learn more

~ I've finished.

g) 211)) Lisren. Say whar's happened.

1 'W hat rep utation do teenagers have? 2 How many teenagers have to look after a fa mily membe r? 3 \Vhat kinds of res pons ibilities do rhese yo un g helpers have?

about the present perfect and practice it. 218)) Listen and make the !±l sentences negative and the El sentences affirmative.

> Communication Has he done it yet? p.IOI.

5 LISTENING

a a specific rime in rhe past b a no n·specific time (Le., so metim e between the past and now)

Practice sayi ng these sentences. Jim has joined a judo class. Have yo u worn ~ our new u niform yet?

c Look at th e first two questions in dia logue 1. -\retheyabo ut ... ?

d Underline the sentences wi th yet and already in dialogues 2-4. What do you t hink they mean?

~ 20 ») Put the words in the right column. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.

Just yet college yellow change teenager use uniform year yoga enjoy beautiful jacket young bridge arg ue

B Oh, yes. I remembe r now. I borrowed it. 2

jazz

Who ...? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

takes care of his/her mother takes care of his/her brother and sister does a tot of housework can't cook doesn't live with his/ her father gives his/her mother a massage is sometimes angry with his/ her friends never goes out without his/ her phone

d Do you know any teenagers like Alice and Daniel? \Vhat do they do?

Online Practice

G present perfect or simple past? (1) V shopping P ca ndch

c Read the interview. Fill in the blanks with A-F.

1 READING a \Vith a partner, write down the names of t hree fas hion designers. \Vhat nat ionality are they? Do they des ign more for men o r for wome n? What kin ds of thi ngs does [heir company make? b Read th e int rod uctio n to an inter view and look at the pharos. Do you like the clothes?

A I absolutely hated dressing as a man. S I really understand how women want to feel. C

My feet were killing me!

boyfriend at t hat time was very lucky.

E The on ly things I enjoyed there were art and sewing. F They are so chic, and their sense of color is so natural to them.

d Look at th e highlighted wo rds and phrases re lated ro fa shion and shopping , and guess their mea ning.

is a fashion designer. She makes very e~clusive clothes for women . She has made clothes for many celebrities including members of the British royal family. for example Kate Middleton and Sarah Ferguson. whose wedding dress she designed, and actresses like Helen Mirren.

LI NDKA Cl ERACH

DID YOU ALWAYS WANT TO BE A DESIGNER?

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO A COSTUME PARTY?

Not at all! ' \'hen I was at sc hool I had problems reading, and later I was diagnosed as dyslexic. 1_ _ After school I took a secretarial course and then I gO{ ajob at Vogue magazine. I loved it, and there I realized that what I wanted to do was design clothes.

WHAT DID YOU GO AS?

WHY DO YOU THINK PEOPLE LIKE YOUR CLOTHES? Being a female designer has many

HAVE YOU EVER MET SOMEONE WHO WAS WEARING EXACTLY THE SAME OUTFIT AS YOU?

advantages. 2_ _ )' ly customers lean lhe st udio feeling like a million doll ars! WHAT NATIONAlITY DO YOU THINK HAS THE BEST FASHION SENSE?

Probably the Italians.

I hate costume parties. But 1 can remember onc, when I was ten. l\.jy moth er made me and my younger sister dress as a bride and bridegroom I was the bridegroom! 4_ _

l\"ever, thank goodness! 1'm lucky because I can choose from a large selection of our collection each season!

HAVE YOU EVER FALLEN BECAUSE YOU WERE WEARING VERY HIGH HEELS?

I've never fallen , but once I had to take off 111) shoes in the middle ofa reception at the Hou of Lords! 5 _ _ WHAT DID YOU DO? I walked Out into t he st reet in bare fect and jumped into a taxi! HAVE YOU EVER DESIGNED CLOTHES FOR A MAN'

Yes, I have. WHEN WAS In

h was when I was studying at the London College of Fashion. I designed my first men's wcar collection - shirts, pants, and leather jackets. 6_ _ He didn't need to buy any clothes that year! .-:::-------Glossary bride I bride g room a woman I man on the day of her I his weddin The House of Lord s the second house of the British Parl iament

GRAMMAR present perfect or simple

5 PRONUNCIATION c and ch a

.. Look at the last four qu estion s in the inrer view. A nswer wi th 3 parrne r.

acc ount auctio n city click clothes credit card customer decide nice proceed receipt

\Vhich questions are about

<f'

exper iences so metime in Lindka's life?

... \Vhich questions are about a specific moment in Lin dka's past? 3 \V hat does ever mea n in the quest ions t hat begin w ith Have you

p.132 Grammar Bank 4B. Learn more abou t th e present p erfecc and ... imple past and practice them.

2 26»)) Li sten to four people answering th e quest ion Haveyou el'er bought sometlt ill8 that you've never IVO rll ? What d id th ey buy? \Vrite 1- 4 in the boxes. (There is o ne item YOll don't need.)

o some spor ts cl othes o

..........J a CQa t ~

some pam s

aski rr

a sh in

Liste n aga in. Wh at was the problem with th e clot hes? W ri te 1-4 in th e boxes.

This person ...

:J bought somethin g o nlin e, but didn 't like the clot heS when they arrived.

o bought the clothes quickly and later didn 't like them . o wamed look lik e a famou s sin ger, but loo ked like [0 0

another.

.=:J sudd enly didn 't need the new clothes any more. c

Have you eve r bought so methin g th at you've never worn ? \V hat was it?

>u s

4 VOCABULARY shopping a

2 3 4 S

lin g I m

27»)) Li sten to some se ntences from the liste nin g. Fi ll in th e blan ks w ith o n e word. W ith a partner, say what the h ighlighted phrases mea n.

I remember wh en I was in the room I thought they looked amaz in g. I it on eBay. I hate clothes shoppin g, and I never things on . I didn 't have the rece ipt, so I could n't it back. \Vell , I bought it fro m a website that has cheap dea ls. p.155 Vocabulary Bank Shopping.

key

snake

30»)) Listen and check. \Vhen is c pronounced /s/?

31»)) How is ch usually pro noun ced ? Listen and ~ the two words where ch is pro nounced differently. How is it pro no unced in the se wo rd s?

3 LISTENING a

How is c prono un ced in th ese wo rd s? Put them in th e right row.

change cheap checkout chemistry ch ic choose

cl Practice say in g th e wo rds in a and c.

6 SPEAKING a

Co mpl ete th e qu es tio n s w ith the past participl e of the verb. Have you ever _ _ (buy) or _ _ (sell) anything on e Bay? V/ hat? Did you pay or get a good pri ce?

2 Have you ever _ _ (buy) something on lin e and had a probl em with it ? \Vhat was it ? \Vhat did you do ? 3 Have you ever _ _ (have ) an argument with a salesperson? W hat wa s it about? 4 Have you ever _ _ (try)

exch ange so mething without the recei pt? Were you successful ? (Q

5 Have you ever accid entally _ _ (take) somechin g from a store without pay ing? \Vhat did you take? \ Vhat happened ? 6 Have you ever _ _ (buy) shoes without trying them on? Did th ey fit? 7 Have you ever _ _ (Bet) to the superm arket checkout and th en fo und you didn 't have enough mon ey? \Vh at did you do? 8 Have you ever _ _ (lose) you r credit ca rd? Where did you lose it? Did you get it back? b Ask other students qu esti o n 1. Try to fi nd somebody who says Yes, l have. Th en ask him o r her th e sim ple past quest io ns. Do the sa me for qu es tion s 2 - 8.

Online Practice

G something, anything, nothing, etc. V adjectives ending -ed and -ing P 'cI,IouI, and 'Ai

1 LISTENING a

Did you do anything on the weekend? No, nothing. I didn't do anything.

3 PRONUNCIATION le!, Iou!, and It·./

~32 »)) Li ste n ro a news srory a bo ut Steve. H ow did he sp e nd hi s weeke nd?

b Li ste n aga in and a nswer the quest io ns .

egg 2

5 6

Wh at does Steve do? \Vhat fl oor was hi s office on? \Vhat ha ppened when he fi rst pressed the elevator button? How did he try ro ge t help? \ Vhere did Sreve's w ife think he was? How did Steve get our o f rhe eleva tor on Monday mornin g? H ow did he feel? \Vhar is Steve goin g ro do every day now?

H ave you (or h as a nyone you kn ow) ever had a similar exper ie nce? \V hat ha ppened ?

phone

li p

a \Vh at sound do the pink let ter s ma ke? \Vrite a , b, o r c. I ~ Nobody kn ows whe re he goes.

2 ~ Somebody's com ing ro lu nch . 3

0 5 0

I never sai d anything.

I've done nor hing since S unday. Don't tell a nybody about the message.

=:J T here's nowhere to go exce pt home.

35»)) Lis ten a nd check. Prac t ice saying th e sentences.

36») Liste n a nd an swe r the ques tio n s.

,» What did you buy?

~othing. I didn't buy anything.

4 READING 2 GRAMMAR something, anything, nothing, etc. a

33»)) Look at th ree se nte nces from th e sro r)'. C an YOll re me mbe r th e mi ssi ng wo rd s? Lisren and c hec k.

I pressed the button again. but _ __ happened. 2 The poli ce couldn 't find him ___ '

3 They ca lled the emergency number and ___ came and repaired the elevaror.

b Com plete the rul e w ith people, places. o r things. I Use somethil'B, atly fhill8, a nd lI olh i ll8

fo r ___.

2 Use somebody, al/ybody, a nd nobody fo r 3 Use somewhere. anywhere. and lIowl/ere fo r _ _ _ .

c ,.. p.132 Grammar Bank 4C. Learn more abo llt somethill8 , ally th i" B. tlothil'8, erc. a nd prac tice the m .

a Read the art icl e o nce. \Vh a t is the best s umm a ry? a People who answered th e sur vey have borin g weekend s. b People who use Face book have more exc itin g weekend s. c People sometim es don't tell th e truth abollt the it weekend.

b Rea d the art icle aga in . \V ith a pa rtn er, c hoose a. b, or c. T he survey has show n th at 2 5% of people ... a have ve ry exci tin g wee kend s. b I ie about their wee kend . c go out on a Sa turd ay night. 2 30 % of the people they illle r viewed ... a needed to go to work o n the weekend . b had a ve ry tirin g week. c didn 'r wa nt to go out on the weekend. 3 Some people don 't tell the trut h abou t their weekend beca use a the ir rea l weekend is very boring. b they don't wa nt ro make th eir friends jea loll s. c they fo rget what th ey have done. 4 Social networking sires make people .. . a spend more tim e on th e co mputer. b try to ma ke their li ves see m more exc it ing. c be mo re truth ful about th eir lives.

c Do you think a sur vey of yo ur friends, family, and schoolmates wo uld have simil a r results?

5 SPEAKING

WHAT DID YOU 1'~#~."4 DO ON THE WEEKEND? - e next time a friend or co-worker tells you about r

Look at th e questions in b. Plan your answers. Answer them truthfully, but in vent one answer to make your weekend sound more exciting.

b 1nterview each ot her with the questions. Try to g uess which answe r your partner invented.

amazing weekend, wait a minute before you feeling jealous - maybe they are inventing it all'

LAST WEEKEND Friday

• Did you go anywhere exciting on Friday night? Saturday

Did you do anything around the house (cteaning, etc.) on Saturday morning? Did you work or study at all? What did you do on Saturday night? Sunday Did you go anywhere nice on Sunday? What did you have for lunch? Did you do anything relaxing in the afternoon?

6 VOCABULARY adjectives ending -ed and -ing a

Look at these two adjectives in the text: tired in line 13 and tirin8 in line 19. Which o ne describes how you feel? Which one describes things and situ at ions?

3 7») <.Ci rcI9 the right adjective in questions 1- 10. Listen and check . How do you say the adjectives? I Do you think Sundays are usually bored I boring? 2 A re you bored I boring with your job or studies? 3 Whar kind of weather makes you feel depressed I depressing? 4 Why do you rhink rhe news is often depressed I depressing? 5 \Vhat activiry do you find mos t relaxed I relaxing? 6 Do you usually feel relaxed I relaxing ar rhe end o f the weekend? Why (not) ? 7 Whar is rhe most imerested I inte resting book you've read recently? 8 \Vhat sportS are you interested I interestinl] in? 9 Are you excited I exciting about your next vacation? 10 What's the most excited I exciting sporting event you've ever watched?

survey of 5,000 adults has shown that one person In

four invents details about their weekend because they

want to impress their friends. When they are asked,

you have a good weekend'" they don't like to say that Just stayed at home and watched TV because it sounds 'flg. So they invent the details. The most common lie that 'VIe told was "I went out on Saturday night," when really didn't go anywhere. Other common lies were "I had a

rTtantic dinner," "I went to a party," and "I went away for eweekend ."

fact, in the survey, 30% of people who answered the esbons said that they spent their weekend sleeping or ng because they were so tired at the end of the week. other 30% said that they needed to work or study on , weekend. Psychologist Corinne Sweet says that people en don't tell the truth about their weekend "because we "t want to feel that everyone else is having a better time an us, if we have had a boring weekend doing housework, _-oerwork, or just resting after a tiring week at work." She also !eves that networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter ;:ry be encouraging us to invent details about our social lives. People can create an illusion of who they want to be and the they want to live," says Corinne, "and of course they want la life to seem exciting."

c Ask and answer the qu estio ns with a partner. Give more informa ti on if you ca n.

38»))

SONG

If You Love Somebody Set Them Free J'

Online Practice

GRAMMAR

\ ___ the dishes

Qa,b,orc. I How long _ _ _ [0 sray in Turkey?

2 3

a do you go b are you going 2 I think ___ rain tonight.

4 _

c you are going

a it's goi ng b it goes to c it's going to 3 They to get married until next year. a aren't going b don'tgo c nor going 4 to the movies after class this evening.

a go

tomorrow?

5 These shoes don '( f me. They're (00 small. 12. 6 The flight to Miami is now leaving frol11 g 7 If you have a lot of lug gage, you can find a c___ ove' there. 8 First, you need re go re the ch ___ ,i___ desk where YOll get your boarding pass. 9 International fliglus depart from T 2. 10 There are e to the second and rh ird floors. d

already seen this movie! Let's change channels. a We're b \Ve haven't c We've \\ A ___ been to Africa? B No, never.

3 It was a very excited I exciti1l£j game. 4 Jack is depressed I depressitl£j. He lose his job. 5 Are you illterested I j1lterestj1l£J in art?

a Have you ever b Did you ever c \Vere you ever 12 A \Vhen rhose shoes? B Last week.

VOCABULARY a

Complete with a preposition. We arrived ___ San Diego at 7: 15. 2 I'm coming! Wait ___ me. 3 \Vhat did you ask ___ , meat or fish? 4 A Are you going to buy the apartment? B I don't know. It depends ___ the price. 5 How much did YOll pay _ _ those shoes?

C§~ rhe right adjeceive. I This exercise is really bored I barilla_ 2 I never feel relaxed, relaxill£j the day before I go on vacation.

a wear b worn c wore 14 There's ___ at the door. Can you go and open it, please? a something b someone c somewhere 15 I don't wanr ___ to eat, thanks. I'm nOt hungry. a nothing b anything c something

a noise

I Dinner's ready. Could YOll please s___ the table? 2 \'11 cook if you do rhe d 3 Where are the changing rooms? I want to tr _ __ o this sweater. 4 If you wane (0 take something back (0 a store, you neec to have the r_ __

a you leave b do you leaving c are you leaving 6 He's the man lives next doorto Alice. a who b that c where 7 Is that the srore sells Iralian food:.> a who b that c where 8 A ___ your bed? B No, I'm going ro do it now.

a do you buy b have you boughr c did YOll buy 13 I've never ___ rhis coat.lr's too small.

c Complete the missing words.

B At 8.00.

a Have you Illade b Have you make c Has you made 9 A HasAnnearrived ? B No, bur she's on her way. a yet b almost c already

a mistake an exerCIse yoga

b am going c going go

5 A What time

Complete with make or do.

PRONUNCIATION a

the word with a different sound.

just

Monday

sOlnerhing

socks

nowhere

cl othes

worry

chemistry

cheap

choose

cusremer

center

city

nice

jacket

change

en joy

) er

b Underline the seressed syllable. a rri vals 2

ppo site

3 teen ag e r 4 de li ve ry

5 arrange ment

YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

the article. What were thieves stealing in t!den b) Denmark? A nswer the questions below.

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

2 39 })) On the street Watch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

_re did the first robbery take place? were the thieves and what did they stea l? helped the police to solve rhe cr ime? long does it take ro get from Malma to

nhagen? \\ ere robberies taking place in both cities? ~he police catch the thieves? is it easier ro stcal from many srores these days? i" it not a solution to ask Danish shoe shops to 3'" the left shoe?

rhe highlighted words or phrases in the text. -heir meaning from the context. Check with t:acher or with a dictionary. i

oe stores discover atching crimes .. h fictio nal d c tCClivcs like Wa lla nder a n d 'lh Sala nder are fa mous worldwide. But recc nliy !-life Swedish police we re comple tely puzzled by

us crime. Somebody was stea ling expensi\'e ()es from shoe stores in Sweden - but not pairs of the left shoes, th e o nes that were on d isplay. )bbery took pl ace in a shopping mall in Malma, rhird-Ia rgest city. Staff at a shoe store saw two men their boutique. They escaped with sevcn left shoes paired with the right shoes - were worth $ 1,400. Id, it was sto re's sa lcspeopl e who pointed th e the right direc tion - to De nm a rk, whe re stores ally d is pl ay the right shoe in t heir store windows. 'cd that le ft shoes we re disappearing in the \\c neve r caught th e thieves," sa id a sa les perso n. "C know that Danish stores display the ri ght Iho ughtth a t t he matchin g shoes were pro babl y aring as well in stores in Den ma rk." Ma lma, ho me hoe stores, is only a 30-m inute t ra in ride away lpen hage n, whic h has several hundred stores, a nd ands are sold in both cities. \, police finally a nno unced tha t t hey had a rrested responsible fo r th e ro bbe ries. But Ms. J oha nsson, .Jl .. hoe store owne r, fea rs th at shoe store robberies re-ase this year. "Shoes are a ttractive to steal - they to move and easy to se ll a nd th ey have become ve ry -e la te ly. Also ma ny sLo res have cut the number o f )ple t hey employ:' \ Ialmo ha\'e thought of asking Da nish shoe stores display the le ft shoe. But this won't work . All t he ..... ill have to do is move to Germa ny - where they play the right shoe ...

Paul

Gurjot

Ellie

Etise

Justin

Paul went to rhe airport a ro get a plane to London b ro get a plane to Frankfurt c to meN a friend from Frankfurt 2 TonightGurjotis ___ o

a seeing a movie b going to a Chinese restauranr c meeting an old friend 3 ElJie ___ ironing. b doesn't mind c likes 4 The shoes Elise bought on lin e ___ a were the wrong size b never arrived c were a beautiful color 5 Last weekend Jusrin ___ a went to a pa rty b bought a movie online c relaxed at rhe beach a hates

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH? Do rhe rasks wirh a partnero Check (.I) rhe box if you can do them.

Can you ... ?

talk about three plans you have for next month using8oirl[J to, a nd make three predictions say three arrangements you have for tomorrow using the present continuous

explain what rhe following three words mean, using expressions for paraphrasing: a a thief b a shopping mall c a shoe say three things you have already done or haven't done yer roday ask a partner three questions about his/her experiences using ever. Answer your partner's questions say rhree sentences using sometllillB, anywhere, and nobody

. . . Short movies Shopping in the UK VIDEO Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

G comparative adjectives and adverbs, as ... as V time expressions: spend t ime, et c.

Are we Living

faste r?

P sentence stress

Yes, we need

to sLow down,

1 READING & VOCABULARY time expressions a

Read a n arricle abo ut living faster and m atch the hea d ings to th e paragraphs.

o No t ime for Snow White o More time on the road o No time to write o No time for Van Gogh o No time to wait o No time to stop , -

째

째ng faster, . , .. .... Il!!ti째vi째ng better?

b Read rhe article again . O ne paragrap h co ntain s a n inve nted piece of in fo rmatio n \Vhich o ne is it? c

d In pa irs. cover t he text a nd loo k at t he pa rag ra ph hea din gs in a . Ca n you rememl the info r matio n in the text? Have yo u no ticed any of these things happenin g wh.

Look at the highlighted rime ex pressio ns and guess their mean in g.

you li ve?

People in cities around the world walk 10 percent more Quickly than they did twenty years ago. Singapore, a world business center, is at the top of the list for fast walkers.

Lo ok at a quest io n na ire about li ving fastel In pairs, ask a nd answe r rh e qu estio n s. A nswe r w it h often, so m et im es, o r l1 eve r an( give mo re info rm atio n.

2 In the US, there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for chiLdren . These are shorter versions of traditional stories, especially written for busy parents who need to save time.

QUESTIONNAIRE

How fast is your life?

Do people tell you that you talk too quickly?

People aren 't as patient as they were in the past . If the elevator takes more than 15 seconds to arrive, people get very impati ent becau se they think they're wasting time. It's exactly the same when an Internet page does not open immediately.

2 Do you get impatient when other people are taLking?

3 Are you the first person to finish at mealtimes?

Written communication on the Internet is getting shorte r and shorter and using more and more abbreviations, like BRB (be right back) or NP (no problem). Twitter only allows you to use 140 characters, and now a new SOCial networking site has a limit of just ten words.

"" When you are walking along a street. do you feel frustrated when you are behind people who are walking more slowly?

5 Do you get irritable if you sit for an hour without doing anything, e.g., waiting for the doctor?

Even in our free time we do things in a hurry. Twenty years ago wh en peopLe went to art gaLLeries, they spent ten seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend much less time - just three second s!

6 Do you walk out of stores and restaurants if there is a line?

6 Our cars are faster, but the traffic is worse, so we drive more sLow ly. The average speed of cars in New York City is 9.3 mites per hour. We spend more time than ever sitting in our cars, feeling stressed because we aren't going to arrive on time.

Commu nica t io n How fast is your /ife?

p. IOI . Read the resu lts. Do you agree?

'UI'<AJ,..MAR comparative adjectives - adverbs, as ... as the fo llow ing words from rhe text, ll:te~ adjecc ives, adverbs, o r bo th? . 3.[

4 SPEAKING a Think about how your life has changed over the last 3-5 yea rs. Read the questions below and think about your answers . Do you spend m o re or less time o n t hese t hings? Say w hy.

fast busy patient slowly stressed

working or studying getting to work I school sitting in traffic taLking to friends meeting f riends bei ng online

~the right form . Check (.I ) ifborh - 'lTecr.

eisfascer / morefasl than before. _ "r...Hk in cities is rI/ore bad / worse than it was. erybody is bllsyer I vl/sier than they were e~'ea rs ago. e are more stressed I stresseder than OUT _ :lndpa ren ts were. e do everything morc quickly Ifaster. )ple aren't as paticllc as I as patietlt thall th ey c::re before. .,.. p.134 Grammar Bank SA . Learn more about paratives and as ... as and practice them.

PRONUNCIATION sentence stress

2 Do yo u have more or less free time? Why? 3 What don't yo u have time for nowadays? What wo uld yo u like to have more time for?

b Answer th e ques tion s with a partner. Whose life ha s changed mo re ?

5 LISTENING a You're going ro li sten ro an ex pen talking about how ro li ve your life more slowly. Look ar her five m ain tips (= good ideas). Guess what the missing wo rd s are.

\Vhatever you are doing, JU St try to _ _ _ _ and enjoy it. Exam ple: 2 Makealisrofthreethingsthatare _ _ _ _ _ _ for you. Exam ple: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

,.- ~ sound _..,ember! unstressed words like a, as, and than - e the sound !~ , and "er is pronounced i;,r ',

3 Don't try ro do ______ at the same ti me.

41 ~)

Listen and repeat the se nrences. Copy the -,hm and try co ge t the /';)/ sound right.

busier th an a year ago. \1\ life is more stressful t han in th e past. work harder tha n before. - ,walk and talk faster. .:: -'m not as relaxed as I was a few years agQ.

Example: _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4 Sir down and do ___ for half an hour every day. _ Example: _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Je any

sLeeping cooking shopping ea t ing using your phone using you r computer

5 Benear ___ . Examp le: _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ b

42Âť) Listen and check. Then listen again and write one exa mple for eac h tip.

Are there any rips that you think you might use? \Vhy (not)?

of the se nrences true for you?

G superlatives (+ ever + present perfect) V describing a town or city P word and sentence stress

What did you think of Rio?

It's the most beautiful city J've ever been to.

1 GRAMMAR superlatives (+ ever + present perfect) a Look at th e pho tos of fi ve US cities. Wh at do you know about them? Have you been to any of them? b Read th e article. With a partner guess wh ich city from a goes in each blank.

Travel survey gives its verdict on American cities. ew York City is the dirtiest city in the US, says a survey by travel website, Travel and Leisure, but it is the most stylish city and it has the best musicals. According to the survey, travelers say that.. .

1 has the best museums. 2 _ _ _ _ is the friendliest city. 3 4 5

has the most aggressive drivers. has the best architecture. is the clean est city.

" Travel really can transform your life, and these are a few of the tri ps that can make it happen," says a Travel and Leisure editor.

Look at 1-5 in the sur vey in b . Think abollt your counrr y o r conrinenr. \Vhi ch cities wo uld you choose?

d Loo k ar rh e bold superl ati ve adjec ti ves in the sur vey. Ho w do you make the superlati ve of ... ? I a one-syllab le adj ective 2 a two-syll able ad jective rhar ends in -y e

3 a three-sy ll able adjec ti ve 4 Hood and bad

> p.134 Grammar Bank sB. Learn mo re about superl atives and practice them.

2 PRONUNCIATION word and sentence stress a Underline the st ressed syllable in the bold adj ectives. 1 \Vhat's the mosr beautiful city you've eve r bee n to?

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 b

What's the most expensive thing you've ever bought? Who's the most impatient person you kn ow? Who's th e most generou s person in your famil y? \Vhat's rhe mOS t frightening movie you've eve r see n? \Vhar's the mos t exciting sport you've eve r played? What 's the most inceresting book you've read recc nrly? What 's the mos t romantic restaurant you've ever bee n ro?

44)) Listen and chec k. Lisren again and repeat the qu estio ns. Copy the rhJthm . \Vhich wo rd s are stressed?

c \Vork w ith a parmer. A answer questio n 1 w ith a sentence. B ask for more in fo rm ario n. C han ge rol es fo r ques tio n 2, erc.

The most beautiful city I've ever been to is Rio de Jane;rc::.2 0hen did you go there?

ou;......,ING & SPEAKING article. In pai rs, an swe r th e ques tio n s.

.ire rhe three rests? (hink they a re good ones? city do you th ink wi ll be th e fr iend] iest I unfriendly?

4 LISTENING a

45»)) Now listen co Tim Moore talking about what happened in New York C ity. How well does New York C ity do in each test?

Li ste n again and answer the questions.

The photo test I \Vho did he ask? 2 \Vhat did the person say? 3 \Vhat happened when he asked for more photos?

1 big cities are friendly -

4 5 6 7

r are they? ci[ie~

The accident test 8 \Vhe re did he use the accident test? 9 Did anyo ne help him? 10 \Vhat did th e man say?

often have a

.--" ,~,'utation for being I

,~",...

unfriend ly to lurists. Journalist went to four " Rome, Paris,

City, to ,his is true. He !JI:d as a foreign d u ....ed three ..oenrific!) tests

\Ch CilY had ""Xt..l,,",'[ and most T he ..... were:

The shopping test \Vh ere was the souven ir score? \Vhat did he buy? How many people did he buy souvenirs from? Did he get the right cha nge?

Think abo ut the neare st big city to w he re you live. Imagin e you used the three tests there. What do you think would happe n? Is it a fri endly city?

5 VOCABULARY describing a town or city a Think about how to a nswer th ese questi on s about w he re you live. Co mpare with a partner.

• Do you live in a village, a town, or a city?

oto test

• Where is it? ~= people on the street to take his photo (not

• How big is it?

e photo, but several - with his hat, without

• What's the populationf

etc.). Did he find someone to do it?

• What's it like?

..-:-

shopping test _ .Jgh t something in a store and gave the erson too much money. Did the person _ .aek the extra money?

> p,156 Vocabulary Bank Describing a town or city,

6 WRITING - e accident test

> p,1l4 Writing Describing where you live, Write a description of the place where you live.

·.tended to fall down on the street, Did anybody • and help him?

49»))

SONG Nobody Does It Better n

> Communication The friendliest city A p,102 3 0.107 C p.llO. Read abo ut w h at happe ned in ndon , Paris, and Ro me. L

Online Practice

G quantifiers, too, not enough V health and the body P l,v, l ul, lau, and /cl

I watch too much TV.

1 SPEAKING

2 READING & LISTENING

a Wirh a parrner, answer rhe questions below.

a Read rhe article o nce. Does ir chan ge whar you rhink abour your answers ro rhe quesrionnaire?

DIET & LIFESTYLE QUESTIONNAIRE

bRead rhe article again. Look ar rhe highlighred words related to health and rhe body. March rhem to a picrur, o r definirion.

Do you drink coffee? How many cu ps do you drink a day? What kind of coffee? Whal time do you drink your last cup of the day?

How much time do you spend a day in the sun ... ? a in the winter b in the summer c when you're on vacation

00 you always wear sunsc reen?

5 \'erb to stop something from happening

3 4 5

00 you play a lot of video or computer games? What are your favorite games? How much time do you spend a week playing them? How often do you eat chocolate? What kind of chocolate do you prefer - milk, white, or dark? How many hours a day do you watch TV ... ? a during the week b on weekends What kinds of TV shows do you watch regularly?

b Do you think any of your habits are unhealthy?

3 1101111

it covers the outside of a person's body

6 /l O UII something that makes you unwell 7 adj feeling worried or nervous

Everything BAD is MI!I] I] for you COFFEE We all know that a cup of coffee helps to wake yo up in the morning, but several studies show that drinking coffee helps to prevent some illnesses like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Experts say that you can safely drink three cups of espresso during the day, but jf you drink too much coffee it can make you feel anxious or keep you awake at night. SUNLIGHT Spending a long time in the sun is dangerou, and can give you skin cancer. But on the other hand, not spending enough time in the sun is also bad for you because sunlight helps us to produce vitamin D. This vitamin is important for strong bones and a healthy immune system, and it also make' people feel happier. Nowadays, many people don't get enough sunlight because they wear sunscreen all the time, especially on their faces. However, don't spend too long in the sun - 15 minute a day without sunscreen is a healthy amount, and not at midday. COMPUTER GAMES You probably worry about hov much time you or your children waste playing computer games. But in fact some studies show that these games can help us learr important skills. It seems that computer games stimulate the brain and that people who often play them are probably better at solving problems and making quick decisions. But don't spend too many hours in front of the computer - not more than about two hours a day.

c d

50»)) Listen and check. Practice sayi ng the words. ~ow cover

the text. Can you remember ... ?

what is good abour coffee, sunlight, and com pmer

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING lA!, lul, lall, and le! a

Cross out the word with a different pronunciation.

ga mes

2 wha t you need to be careful about e

51 »)) With a partner, decide in what ways you think

chocolate and watch ing T V could be good for you. Listen to a rad io program and check your answers.

Listen aga in. Answer the questions. What does chocolate have in common with grape juice? 2 What kind of chocolate is a) good for you b) nO[ good for you? 3 How are TV series different from the ones 20 years ago? Why is thi s good fo r us? 4 What ca n we learn from reality TV shows?

Do the article and the radio program make you feel hap pier about your lifestyle?

enou gh

aEr

boot

few

&l5

bike

try

egg

ma ny

much

shou ld

diet

a ny

no ne

too

li rrle

busy

food

li ke

hea lthy

water

54»)) Liste n and check. Practice say ing th e words.

Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Say why. Do you think _l...'l ' ) ( .No.t really. I only read school you read enou~ ~bOOks, not for pleasure.

3 GRAMMAR quantifiers, too, not enough ~

C an you remember how to use much, many, etc? In pa irs, choose the correct word or phrase for each sente nce. Say why the other one is wrong. 1 2 3 4 S 6

How much I many cups of coffee do you drink a day? I don't spend muc" I many time in the sun. I eat a lot of I many chocolate. Drinking a few I a little grape juice can be good for you. I only have afew I a little computer games. My parents read a lot I a lot of

b Look at some sentences from the read ing and listening. Match the bold phrases in 1 and 2 to meanings A and B. Don't eat too much chocolate or too many sugary snacks if you don't want ro gain weight. Don't spend too long in the sun. 2 Nowadays, many people don't get enough sunlight. We are not active enough. A less than yo u need or than is good for you B more tha n you need or than is good for you c

Do you think you".? • • • • • • • • • • •

read enough eat enough fruit and vegetables play enough sports or exercise enough drink enough water have enough free time eat too much fast food spend too much time online spend too much money on things you don't need work or study too many hours have too many clothes do too much housework get too much homework

Look again at the sentences with enough. W h at's the pos ition of erwugha) with a noun b) w ith an adjective?

> p.134 Grammar Bank se. Learn more about quanti fiers, too, and not ellol1(jh and practice the m.

Online Practice

The wrong shoes 1

!j ROB HAS A PROBLEM

2 VOCABULARY shopping Do the quiz w ith a part ner.

SHOPPING QUIZ 1 What four letters do you often see in clothes that tell you the size? 2 What do the letters mean? 3 What's the name of the room where you can try on clothes? 4 What's the name of the piece of paper a salesperson gives you when you buy something? 5 How do you say these prices?

£25.99 75p $45

255 ») \Va rch 01" listen to Rob and Holly and answer the qu estio ns. I \Vhar reason does Rob give for why he isn't in shape? 2 Vv' hy does he find it difficult to eat less? 3 How does he keep fir in London ? 4 W hy doesn't he do the sa me in New York? 5 How does Jen ny keep fi t? 6 \Vhar does Ho lly thi nk about thi s? 7 \Vhar does Ho lly sugges t th at Rob coul d do? 8 \Vhat does Rob need to do fi rst?

American and British English sneakers = American English; trainers ;: British English store;: American English; shop ;: British English

---

256 ») Look at the box on mak ing sugges tions. Liste n a nd repea t th e p hrases.

o Making suggestions with Why don 't y ou .•• ? A Why don't you get a bike? B That's a good idea, but I'm only here for a mont h. A Why don't you come and play basketball? B That's a great idea!

Practice ma kin g suggesti o ns with a partner.

A You have probl ems rememberi ng Engli sh vocab ulary.

Tell B. B Ma ke twO suggestions. A Respond . If you don'r rhin k it's a good idea, say why. d C hange ro les. B You are a fo reigner in A's coum ry. You have prob lems meeting new peo ple.

15C €12.50

3 !E~ TAKING SOMETHING BACK TO A STORE a

~S7 )) Cover rhe di a logue and warch or lisren. An swe r the quest io ns.

W hat 's rhe prob lem with Rob's sneake rs? 2 W hat does he do in the end?

4 !E~ ROB DECIDES TO EXERCISE

.. [ch or listen again. Complete the Yo u H ea r phrases.

») Vou Hea r

Vou Say V

Can I help you, sir?

Yes. Do you have these in an eight?

Just a _ _ _ , I'll go and check. -Iere you are, these are an eight.

No, thanks. I'm sure they'll be

Jo~YI"0,,:u~w,:a~n~t~t~o-===~t~h~e~m~ o~n?~~fi~n,::e. How much are:...t:...h..::e,-Y?_. _ __ They're $83.94.

Oh, it says $72.99.

----

Yes, but there's an added sales tax of %.

Oh, OK. Do you take MasterCard?

Sure. Can I help you? Po

remember. Is there a What

Yes, I bought these about half an hour ago.

Yes, I'm afraid they're too small.

are they?

They're an eight. But I take a UK eight.

'1ght. Yes, a UK eight is a US nine.

I Rob went to Bost011 f Brooklyt!. 2 He SIIOWS ! doestl 't sholll Jen ny hi s new sneakers. 3 Jen ny goes runn ing every tllOntitlBI e\'elliIlB in Central Park. 4 She wants to go ru nnin g wirh him at 6:45 /7:45. 5 Rob think s ir's too early I late. 6 T hey agree to meet at 6:45 ! 7: 15. 7 Holly think s Ro b has I doesn't have a lor of energy.

Do you have a pair?

I'll go and check. Just a minute. ___ , but we don't have these a nine. But we do have these and , 're the _ _ _ price. Or you can have a refund. No problem. Do you have the ?

Uh ... I'U take this pair then, please. Yes, here you are.

Brilliant.

~59 »)) \Vatch or listen and ~i~the r ight answe r.

b Look at the Social Englis h phrases. Can you remember any of the missi ng word s?

A pair

:le often use a pair to talk about plural clothes, e.g., a pair of shoes, sneakers, boots,jeans, pants, etc.

Social English phrases

----

Rob Have you

a good day? . Meetings! Jenny Oh, you Jenny Why ___ you come with me? Rob Can we it a bit later? Rob , seven forty-five? Jenny make it seven fifteen.

258 1)) Watch or listen and repeat the You Say phrases. ~py the~t hrn .

"'ractice th e dialogue wit h a partner. _

In pa irs, role-play the dialogue.

-\. You're a cUStomer. You boughr some jeans yesterday. They're roo big. B You're a salesperson. You don't have the same jea ns in A's size. Offe r A a different pa ir or a refund. You beg in wi th Catl l help YOIl , sir I ma'am?

Cha nge roles. B You're a customer. You boughr some boots yesterday. They're too small. A You're a salesperson. YOLl don't have the same boors in B's size. Offer B a d iffe rent pai r or a refund . You begin with Ca t!! help you , sir I ma 'am?

g,60 ») Watch or listen and complete the phrases.

d Watch or listen again and repea t t he phrases. How do YOll say them in YOllr lang uage? •

Can you ... ?

D make suggestions to do something C take something you have bought back to the store

D arrange a t ime t o meet somebody On line Practice

G will / won't (predictions) V oppo site verbs P '11, won 't

I'm tak ing

my driving test today. You'll fail.

1 VOCABULARY opposite verbs

3 PRONUNCIATION '11, won't

a With a parrner, w rite the o pposites of rhese verbs.

win _ __ turn on

buy _ __ start

5 )) Listen and repeat the contract io ns. Copy the

rhy.thm. remember _ __ /

>- p.157 Vocabulary Bank Opposite verbs.

2 GRAMMAR will ! won't (predictions) a Look at the ca rroon. Wh ich fish is a n o ptimi st? W hy? Are you an o pt im ist o r a pess imist?

" "t_ Op t.!m!S

I'll

I'll be late

I'll be late for work.

You'll

You'll break

You'll break your leg.

She'll

She'll miss

She'll miss the train.

It'll

It'll rain

It'll rain tomorrow.

They'll

They'll f ail

They'll fail the exam .

6 )) Listen. Can you hea r the difference?

'.m ' -( ....

clock

wa nt

I wa nt ro pass.

pho ne

won't

I won't pass.

7 ))) Listen and w ri te six sentences .

b Look at the ph rase book app. Read the You Say phrases. Then w rite the A Pessimist Says respo nses. He won't pay you back. They'll be late. You won't pass. ft!H-faift: They'll lose. You won't understand a word . You won't find a parking space. You'll break your leg.

3 )) Listen and chec k. Repea t the respo nses.

d Practice in pairs. A (book open) read the You Say phrases. B (book dosed) say the A Pessimist Says res po nses. T hen change roles. e

Look at the A Pessimist Says phrases aga in . Do they refer to the prese nt o r the future?

,... p.136 Grammar Bank 6A. Lea rn more about will I wo n't and prac ti ce them.

g Im ag in e now that you are an o ptimist. With a parrner make affirmative predictions to respond to the You Say sentences in the phrase book. 1 It 'll be a great evenin~

1 We 're having Ihe party In the yard.

= It'll@in

2 I'm taking my driving test this afternoon.

3 I'm taking my first skiing lesson today.

4 I've lent James some money.

5 I'm gOing to see a movie tonight in EngliSh.

6 Our team is playing in the champion ship game tonight.

7 We 're meeting Anna and Daniel at 7:00.

8 We 're going to drive to the city tonight

...

:::

The Pessimist s Phrase Book

READING

5 LISTENING & SPEAKING

ead an a rticle about rhe actor Hugh Laurie. hat [WO thin gs do Hug h Laurie and Dr. Ho use 3.\'e in common ?

8 1)) Li ste n to the introdu ct io n to a rad io progra m . \Vhy is posit ive thinkin g good for you ?

b Try to guess the mi ss ing wo rd s in the se callers' tips. Ca ll e r I

Live in the _ ___ â&#x20AC;˘ not in the _ _ __

Ca ll e r 2 T hink

though ts, not negative o nes.

Ca ll er 3

Don't spend a lOt of ti me readin g the _ _ or watch ing th e o n TV.

Ca ll er 4

Every week ma ke a li st of all the _ _ __ ____ rh at hap pe ned to you.

Ca ll er 5 Try to use

____ when you

spea k to ot her people.

9 )) Listen and chec k.

d Li ste n agai n. Wr ite dow n a ny ex tra info rm at ion you hea r. W hi ch t ip s do you think a re useful ? D o you h ave a ny tips o f your own ? e

.... ~ ' ..:_lamous for being a But it is not only House who is a pessimist. laurie, the actor who

him, is

pessimist, too.

ARE YOU A POSITIVE THINKER?

never thought that House, M.D. was going 10 be a .ccess. Even cher seven seasons, he still feels pessimistic ataout it. He said in 0 recent interview, Nlf we do a bad

Do you think ... + you'll have a nice weekend? + you 'll pass your next ~~~'--

.... next week, they'll soy, 'Thot's it. No more.' It'll just *'P. I om, of course, someone w ho is constantly expecting :Wane to drop on my head.

if not tod ay then

Ask a nd an swe r w ith a pa r m e r. Use a phrase from rh e box and say why. W h ich o f you is more oprimi stic?

English exam?

tomorrow."

c.e Dr. House, Laurie is olso a talented musician and :)Qssionate about the blues. He recently went to New .... eans to record an album in which he plays 15 of his ..orile songs. But of course, he doesn't think that people ike it.

en he was asked on 0 TV show why he was so :es.simistic about li fe, l aurie sa id it was because he is

+ you'lI get a good (or ,

better) job in the future?

+ you'll get an interesting email or message from someone ton ight?

+ you'll meet some new friends on your next va cation?

:.catfish . "I definitely think that's where it comes from. " :.e:ouse of his rep utation as a pessimist, people always c . to him abou t positive thinki ng . He says that complete ""Ong ers come up to him on the street and soy, "Cheer _c it'll never happenl "

Read [he a rticle again . M a rk the sentences T (tru e) .r F (fa lse). Say why. â&#x20AC;˘ Hugh Laurie always thinks the worst will happe n. ""' He thinks they will ma ke ma ny mo re seasons of

House, M.D. 3 He doesn't th ink h is alb um will be successfu l. 4 He think s that Scon ish peo ple are optimisti c. People often try to make him feel happier.

+ you'll li ve t o be lOO? + you'll get to the end of this book?

Responding to predict io ns I hope so. / I hope not. I t hink so. / I don't t hi nk so. I doubt it . Maybe. / Perhaps.

Probably (not). Definitely (not). Do you think you'~_ . . . " ') ( I.~~pe 50. 1think the weather have a nice week~ ~e good and...

Have you seen any e pisodes of House, M. D.? Do yo u like . .. ? a the character b the acto r

Online Practice

G will I won 't (decisions, offers , promises) V verb + back P word stress: two-syllable verbs

It's a secret.

OK, I won't tell

1 GRAMMAR will / won't (decisions, offers, promises) a Look ar the ca rtoon s. \Vhar do you rhink the mi ssi ng phrases are?

310 1Âť) Li sten and fi ll in the blank s.

cLoa k ar th e ca rtoo ns aga in. In whi ch o ne does so mebody . .. ?

D D

promise to do somerhin g decide ro have someth ing

1 A That's two burgers, an extra-large order of French fries, and two ice cream sundaes. Anything else?

D offe r ro do somerh in g d

B Yes,

>- p.136 Grammar Bank 6B . Learn more abour making

, please.

o ffers, pro mi ses , and decisio ns and pracrice rhem.

>- Communication /'/1 game p.102. Play the ga me.

2 PRONUNCIATION word stress: two-syllable verbs

Stress in two-syllable verbs

Remember that most two-syllable verbs are stressed on the second syllable.

Look at the two -syllable verbs below. Which syll ab le are th ey stressed o n? Put them in rhe right col umn . algree alrrive borrlow comlplain delcide deipend forlget halppen imlpress inlvent inlvite 0 fter prac!tice pre!fer pro!mise

1st syllable

re~ceive

relpair sunlbathe

A Do I want to go back to the previous version? Do I press Yes or No? B I need to do my homework now. _ _ _ _ __ when I finish.

2nd syllable

3 12Âť) Listen and check. 3 A _ _ _ _ _ _ ! I promise! B Well, hurry up. I can't wait much tonger. A Just one more kiss ...

3 SPEAKING & LISTENING ;a

I won't tell

anyone.

Look arthe se ntences. Talk to a partner. When do you think people say them? .:! \Vhar do you think they all have in common ?

11 pay you back.

I'll come back and finish the job

tomorrow.

Loo k at the sente nces. What 's the difference between BD and BO back? I'm going to work.

I'll do it later.

I'm going back to work.

b CompiNe the dialogues with a phrase from the li st.

I'll text you when I

get there.

4 VOCABULARY verb + back

We'll build new call you back come back give it back pay me back send it back take it back

schools and hospitals.

This won't -....... hurt. .t=."--

1 A The shirt you bought me is too small. B Don't worry. I'll

to the store and exchange it. I still have the receipt.

Loo k at the rirle of a newspaper anicle. D o you think it 's another promise that peo ple often break?

2 A Hi, Jack. It's me, Karen. B I can't talk now, I'm driving -I'll

I'll never forget you

in 15 minutes.

3 A Could Isee the manager? B She's at lunch now, Could you in about half an hour?

4 A That's my pen you're using! B No, it's not. It's mine,

S A Can you lend me 50 dollars, Nick? B It depends. When can you

6 A I bought this jacket on the Internet. but it 's too big.

B Can't you

teve Smith from Devon in the UK met Carmen Rui z- Perez from Spain 17 years ago when they were bmh in the ir 205. Carmen ,vas studying English at a language school in Stcve's town,"'<forbay.

ey fell in love and got engaged. But a year latcr, Carmen moved to clnce for work, and the long-distance relationship first cooled and n ended.

3 14 Âť) Li ste n and check. In pairs, practice the dialogues.

d Ask and answer in groups. Ask fo r more information.

ew years later Steve tried to get in touch with Carmen again, 8. t she had changed her address in Paris. So he sent her a letter to .~ mother's address in Spain. In the letter, he asked her if she was ~ drried and ifshe ever thought of him. He gave her his telephone '11 mbe r and asked her to get in touch. But Carmen's mother ~ n'{ send the letter to her daughter and it fell down behind the N ~~pJace, where it stayed for ten years... ':;:

4 Read the article a nd answer the questions.

\Vha rwe re Car men and Steve doing in Steve's town? \Vhy didn't they get married? \\' hy didn't Steve's lerrer get to Ca rmen? 6

3 13 Âť) Now li sten to part of a news program and answer 'he question s. hat happened ... ? when the wo rkers found the lerrer when Ca rm en got the lerrer when Ca rm en ca lled Sreve

4 when they mer a few days later 5 last wee k

\Vhen someone leaves you a message on your ph one, do you usually ca ll them back im mediately? If you buy something online that is nor exactly what you wanted, do you always se n d ir back? Have you ever lent somebody mon ey and he or she didn't pay you back? When you come back after a vacation, do you usua lly feel berrer or worse than before? When you borrow a book or a DVD from a friend, do you usually remembe r to give it back? \Vhat about if yo u lend something to your friends? If you buy somet hing to wear fro111 a store and th en decide YOll don't like it, do you usually take it back? IS }))

SONG

Reach Out I'll Be There

Online Practice

G review of verb forms: present, past, and future V adjectives + prepositions p the letters ow

1 READING & LISTENING a

Do you often remember your drea ms? D o you think drea ms ca n tell us anythin g abo ut the future?

1dreamed about a

Listen aga in a nd fill in th e blanks with a verb in th e co rrect fo rm Dr. Alien So, teU me, what did you dream about? Patient I was at a party. There were a lot of people. Dr. What were they 1 ? P They were talking and 2_ __ Dr. And then what happened? P Then, suddenly I was in a garden. There 3 a lot of flowers.. Or. Flowers, yes, yes ... what kind of flowers? P 14 really see - it was dark. And I could hear music somebody was the violin. Dr. The violin? Go on. P And then 16 an owl, a big owl in a tree ... Dr. How did you 7 ? Were you frightened of it? P No, not frightened reaUy, no, but I 8 I felt very cold. Especially my feet - they were freezing. And then 19_ __ Dr. Your feet? Mmm, very interesting, very interesting indeed. Were any shoes? you 10 P No, no I wasn't. Dr. TeU me, have you ever 11 this dream before? , Doctor? P No, never. So what does it 12

16 ))) Listen to a psyc hoanalyst ta lkin g to a patient about hi s drea m s. Number the

pictures 1- 5 in the correct o rder.

d What do you think the pati ent'S dream mean s? Match four of tht" things in hi s drea m with interpretations 1- 4.

llldprstanding 1I0U dreams You dream ... that you are at a party. about flowers.

me n you are going to be very busy.

that somebody is pla ying the violin.

2 you're feeling positive about the future.

about an owl.

3 you want some romance in your life.

4 you need to ask an older person for help.

17 ))) Li sten to Or. Alien interpreting t he patient'S dream. C hec k your an swers to d.

18 )) Or. Alien is now go ing to ex plain what picture 5 mea ns. \Vhat do you think the meaning could be? Listen and find out.

GRAMMAR review of verb forms L()() k at the se ntences below. Whi ch o ne is the present ""IIf'rfecr? M a rk it PP. The n look at the oche r sente nces. ' hat time do they refer to? M ark them P (th e past), P R (the prese nt), o r F ( the future).

...--, I was dr inkin g coffee.

4 PRONUNCIATION the letters ow

P Pronunication of ow Be careful: ow can be pronounced ,ao.', e.g., flower or -''(lO ,

e.g., window.

20 )) Listen and repeat th e tWO word s and sounds .

Maybe you'll have a meeting wi th your boss. --, ---I

I saw an owl.

..... Yo u a re feel ing positive. :;:

phone

You're goin g to meet a lot of people.

You work in a n office.

b Write the wo rds in the list in the right columns.

I'm meeting her roni ght.

blow borrow brown crowded down how know low now show shower snow throw t owel t own

--' Have you eve r had thi s drea m before?

.. p.136 Grammar bank 6e . Rev iew all the verb fo rm s 'U'\'e studied in Files 1- 6 and prac tice them .

21 ')) Listen and check.

- SPEAKING ~

d Practice saying the sentences. Show me th e flowers. Th e town is very crowded now. Do n't throw snow at the wind ows. How do you kn ow? Ca n I borrow a towel fo r th e shower?

Comm u nication Dreams A p.l03 B p.lOB.

\IeÂˇplay inrerpreting your parmer's drea m .

merviewa partner with the questio nn aire. .... Iu>ose two que stio ns fro m each g roup . .;. . fo r mo re info rmatio n.

-E .'IEW QUESTIONNAIRE Where do you usually buy your clothes?

5 VOCABULARY adjectives + prepositions

P Adjectives + prepOSitions Some adjectives are usually followed by certain prepositions, e.g., Were you frightened of the owl?lt's useful to learn the prepositions with the adjectives.

What do you like doing on the weekend? Are you watching any TV series right now? Are you studying for an exam right now? Where did you go on vacation last year? Did you do anything exciting last Saturday night? Where were you at 10 o'clock last night? What were you doing? Were you sleeping when the alarm clock rang this morning?

Have you ever had the same dream again and again?

Have you ever dreamed about something that then happened? Are you going to learn a new foreign language next year? Are you going to do anything exciting next

weekend? Do you think it will be sunny tomorrow?

Fill in the blanks with a prepositi o n. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Are you afr aid _ the dark ? Do you th ink chocolate is good _ you? Is your [Own full _ tourists in the summer? \Vhat is yo ur country famous _ 1 At sc hool, what subjects were you bad _ 1 Are you good _ dancing? Do you often get angry _ your famil y? What _ Are people in your country ver y different _ Americans. 9 Are people in your country nice _ [Ourists? 10 Are you interested _ politics?

b Ask and answer the qu estions with a partner. Say why.

Do you think your country's soccer team will win the next World Cup? What are you doing tonight?

Online Practice

GRAMMAR @ a , b , or c. J She drives than her brother. a faster b more fast c more fastly 2 His new boo k isn't as good ___ his la st one. a than b th at c as 3 \Vomen spend ___ time cooking rhan in rhe past. a less b litrle c fewer 4 Friday is ___ day of the week. a rhe busier b the busiest c the most busy 5 It's the ___ road in the world. a more dangerous b dangerousesr c most da nge rou s 6 Ir 's rhe honest country I've ___ been ro. a never b always c ever 7 My sister drinks ___ coffee. a roo b too much c tOO many 8 T hese jeans are small. Do you have them one size bigger? a too b too much c too many 9 You haven't spent ___ on your homework . a time enough b enough time c many time 10 They're playing rea lly badly, They _ _ rhe game. a want win b won't win c won't to win 11 A My exam is today. B Don'r worry. ___ ' a You'll pass b You pass c You're passing 12 A Ir 's cold in here. B ____ the window. a I close b I'm closing c I' ll close 13 They met for the first time when they _ _ in Istanbul. a were livin g b a re living c was living 14 A Haveyou been rotheUS? B Yes, I ___ to New York last year. a 've been b went c was going 15 A _ _ _ roday? B No, she's on vaca ti on. a Does she work b Is she working c Will she work

VOCABULARY a @ ther ight verborphra se. 1 I waste / tose a lot of rime playing games o n my phone. 2 \Ve spend / take a lot of tim e sirti ng in our cars every day. 3 Can you borrow f iend me 50 dollars? 4 I'm leaving tonight, and I'm cOl1lillOI comillB back on Friday. 5 T hi s is Ben. He's reaching / teamill{j me to play rhe piano.

b \Vrite the oppos ite verb. 3 remember pass

I buy 2 push

5 reach

\Vrire word s for the definitions. I cr _ _ (adj) full of people or thin gs

2 s ___ (adD opposite of dal/{JeTollS 3 n _ _ (adj) opposite of quiet (for a place) 4 s (adj, noun) opposite of nort}, 5 m ___ (noun) a building w here you can see old things 6 p ___ (noun) the place where a king or queen lives 7 m _ _ _ (nou n) a religious building for Muslims 8 b ___ (noun) you have 206 of these in you r body 9 br (noun) the o rgan we lI se to rhink 10 sk

(noun) it covers th e olltside of you r body

d Complete the sentences with a preposition. I My husband's always late. He's never ___ time fo r a nythin g.

2 Are you interested ___ this TV show? 3 \Vhen I was a child, I was afraid ___ dogs. 4 I'd really like to be good _ _ dan cin g.

5 Eating too ma ny cookies is bad ___ )'ou.

PRONUNCIATION a @

thewo rd with a diffe rent sound .

toO

lose

po ll uted

much

eat

mall)'

h ea lthy

lend

lot

won't

box

doctor

sho\\ e r

no\. .

sno\\

towel

re ceive

castle

mosque

active

21 3 4

b Underline th e stressed sy llabl e. 1 irn pa tient

2 in teres ring

3 in vem

4 prac tice

5 de cide

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT?

.<4

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

VIDEO

ead the text once. Does the journalist think music "J.,J,de him run faster?

3 22Âť)) O n t h e street \Vatcb or listen ro five people and answer rhe quesrions.

ead the text again and mark the sentences T (true) or F false). The psychologist says that all kinds of music can help

us exercise hencr. He says that exercise is more fun with music. \len and women prefer different music when they exercise. - \lusic helped Haile Gebreselassie break a record. \Iost top ath letes use music when they run. \ lusic can help amateu r runners to run faster.

- The journalist chose his music for the marathon. 0\11 the songs helped him fun faster. ,k at the highlighted words or phrases in the text. ....ess their meaning fro III the contexc. Check with r teacher or with a dictionary.

music really make you run faster? ........as Karageorghis, a sports psychologist. calls music 's legal drug: He says that exercising with music can athletic performance by 15 percent. The music must 'efully chosen so that the tempo or Mbeat~ is synchronized exercise you are doing. According to Professor rgh is, music also makes you feel less pain and makes an ....se session less boring and more enjoyable.

lan

Welts

Jeanna

Joanna

Anya

Three years ago lan ___ . a rerired b had more free ti me c was working part time 2 \Vhen Wells talks about why he loves Paris. he doesn't memion ___. a the scenery b rhe culture c the buildings 3 Jeanna ___ junk food . a ea cs roo much b doesn't eat any c catS a little 4 Joanna says her friends ___ . a are mostly pessimists b chink she is a pessimist c rhink she is an oprimisc 5 Anya often has bad dreams ___ . a when she's having problems at work b after she's had a big meal c when she's having problems w ith her partner

~-.a -n ,

Fitness First, recognizes the importance of music outs and plays music in all its clubs. The most popular ~or male gym members is Survivor's Eye of the Tiger. while .... ove Abba's Dancing Queen.

_ rarks well with weightlifting, and other repetitive _ but it can also help with running. The best example :s Haile Gebreselassie, perhaps the world 's greatest run ner. who used the techno-pop song Scatman as a _ me when he broke the world 2,000 meter record . But c ~ a s so important to Gebreselassie. why do other top never race with headphones? }i!'O'ghis says MResearch has shown that for most top :~ music is less effective. Elite athletes focus more on :_ es, and less on outside stimuli like music.~ So although can help amateur runners run faster and further. most .- t es prefer silence.

.=-ed to try running with music myself. I was going to run a Tathon, and a sports doctor gave me the perfect playlist _ for running. When I did the race, I found that some of "iCc:s.li ke Van Kleet's Walking on Me, made running easier. ""! """Iade me want to throwaway the mp3 player. When I oIP:. the line, I had beaten my previous personal best by one nut was it because of the music? To be honest, I felt it bly because of the extra training. _ 'I

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH? Do rhe rasks wirh a partner. Check (.I) the box if you can do them.

Ca n yo u ... ?

compare two members of your family lIsing adjecrives and adverbs

D talk about your town using four superlatives (the biBBest, the best, ere.)

talk about your diec using (flot) etlOu8" and

too much too /fIallY

.t4

VIDEO

make three predictions about the future using lViII / won 't make a promise, an offer. and a decis ion llsing will / won't Short movies Chicago Wat ch and enjoy the movie.

The Times

Online Practice

G uses of the infinitive V verbs + infinitive: try to, forget to, etc. P weak form of to, linking

What do I need to do?

It's important not to be late.

1 READING & LISTENING a

Look at the po s ter o f a well-know n movie. Do you know what ic's abo ut? Have you seen it?

How to ... Su rv ive Meeting Your GirLfriend's Parents for the First Time It's stressfuL, but thes e t op t ips can heLp you t o get it right.

He finally met the girl of his dreams. Too bad her dad's a nightmare.

o e

b W ith a part ner, think o f two pieces o f adv ice fo r so mebody who is go in g to m eet hi s o r her pa rtner 's parents for the first time. c

Now read an article adapted from the website wik iHow. Is your advice t here?

d Read the a rticl e again and fi ll in the blanks with th e verbs in the list . to answer not to be ffi-OO (x 2) to have to know to make to say to show not t o t alk e

23 ))) Listen to Nico meeting hi s girl frie nd's pa rents for the fi rst time. Do es the meet ing start we ll o r bad ly? How does it end ?

Liste n aga in and answer the qu estions. I W hat does he do wrong? 2 Wh at does he do righ r?

g Do you think the advice in the articl e would be good fo r people in yo ur country? W hy (not)? D o you think the advice woul d be t he same fo r a girl mee ting her boyfr iend 's parents fo r th e first t ime?

o o o

You need to dQ some "homework" before you go. Ask you r girlfriend about her parents, Where does her mother work? Does her father like basketball? Do you have any common interests? If you do this, it will be easy a conversation with them, Make sure you dress the right impression. Don't wear a suit, but don't just wear your old jeans and the Che Guevara T-shirt you bought at the flea market. Be punctual. It's very important a first meeting.

Late for

When they greet you at t he door shake the father's hand firmLy (no father likes a weak handshake!). Ask your girlfriend what kind of greeting her mom will prefer. Call her pare nts M r. and Mrs . (Smith) untiL they ask you to call them " Dave~ and "Maria."

et Be ready 8

questions about yourself! Her parents wiLL want everything about you and your ambitions. Make a good impression!

If you are inv ited for a meal, eat everything t hey give you and say something posi t ive about the meaL, like "This is absoLutely delicious!" Offer -:-___ the dishes aft er the meal ( them that you are helpfuL).

. , Be you r self. and don't be a "yes" man. If they ask you for your opinion, be honest. How ever, try about cont roversial subjects - t his Isn't the moment to give your views on religion and politics!

If the conversation is dying and you can't thin k of what â&#x20AC;˘ ask them what your partne r was li ke as a child. This is a smart tactic! ALL parents Love talking about their children. and it shows you have a deep interest in their daughter. Adapted from

wikiHow

GRAMMAR uses of the infinitive

4 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING weak form of to, linking

\latch se ntences a- d from the article w ith rules 1- 4.

~ If yo u do rh is, it will be easy to have a conversation w ith t hem.

== Offer to do the di shes after the meal (to show them that you a re helpful). C

26 »)) Li ste n to two sentences. Is to stressed? How is it pro no un ced ?

--..J

I wa nt to come.

He decided to leave.

If rhe conve rsa tion is dyi ng and you can't th ink of what to say, ask them what yo ur partne r was like as a chil d.

You need to d o some "homework "

Linking words with the same consonant sound When a word ends in a consonant sou nd and t he next wo rd begins with the same or a very similar sound , we often link the words t oget her and only make t he consonant sound once. This happens when a verb ends in ·t , or Id/ before to, so want to is pronounced /' wonl;).. and decided to is pronounced ldl'sald;,to./.

before you go.

Lse t h e infinit ive ... afte r so me ve rbs, e.g., need, want, CK, ... afte r ad jectives [0 give a reason fo r doi ng something - .frcr a quest ion word, e.g., who, what, how

27 »)) Li sten a nd wr ite s ix sente nces. Then p rac tice say in g the m .

c Wo rk in pairs. A ask B the first six ques tio ns. B give as much infor m atio n as you ca n . C h a nge roles fo r the last six quest io ns . Have you ever offered to look after somebody's dog

(or other pet)?

_ K>k at the o ther in fi niti "es you used to )mplete the a rticle. Which rules a re they?

Do you think it is difficult to stay friends with an ex-boyfriend/ girlfriend? Have you ever tried to learn something new and f ailed?

,.. p.138 Grammar Bank 7A. Learn more ) U[ uses of the in fi nitive a nd prac tice them .

Do you think it is important to learn to cook at school? How long do you usually spend deciding what to wear in the morning?

VOCABULARY verbs + infinitive

• Do you know how to change a tire on a car?

ithout lookin g back at th e a rtic le, try to the miss ing verb s.

• Do you think it's possible to learn a foreign language studying on your own at home?

~mem b e r

Are you planning to go anywhere next weekend?

You

to do som e homewo rk before go. He r pare nts will [0 know c"erythin g about you an d your ambitions. _ _ _ _ [0 do the di sh es afte r the meal.

Would you like to work or study in another country?

Have you ever pretended to be sick (when you weren't)? Have you ever forgotten to turn off your ceH phone during a class or concert? What do you think is the most interesting thing to do for a visit or to your town?

- However, not to talk about controve rsial subjects ...

> p.I S8 Vocabulary Bank Verb forms. part I (Ve rbs + infinirive).

> Communication How to... A p.103 B p.107. Read and retell two m ore H oUl to .. . a rticles.

5 WRITING W it h a pa rt ne r, w ri te a " H ow to .. ." a rticle. C hoose o ne of the titles below a nd try to th ink of at leas t four t ips. H owto ... make a good impress ion on your firs t day in your English class . • make a good impress ion at a job interv iew.

Online Practice

G uses of the gerund (verb + -ing) V verbs + ge rund p t he letter ;

What's your idea of happines s? Making soup.

1 GRAMMAR uses of the gerund a Ta lk to a pa r t ner. Is there a book, a movie. or a son g tha t makes you feel happy whenever yo u read, watch, or listen ro it? \Vhat is it? W hy does it make you feel happy?

b Read a m agazi ne article where diffe rent people o n the magazine's staff say what happiness is for t hem. \Vho do you think said what? Match the people to the parag raphs.

IJJJ' ... making soup. I love using leftovers in the fridge. There's something magical about making something

deJicious out of nothing . Tas ha,

Reg ina,

Sebastian ,

fashion editor

health editor

music editor

. . .sitting on the sofa on a winter evening with a box of chocolates, watching a feel-good movie, preferably one that makes me cry. . .. Iistening to Don 't Stop Me No w by Queen. As soon as I hear it, I immediately feel like getti ng up and dancing.

Kate,

Marco,

Andrew,

movie editor

food editor

travel editor

Read t he art icle aga in. Is there anybody you rea lly agree/don't agree wi th? Compare with a partner.

d Loo k at the highlighted ph rases in the fi rst pa ragraph. Fi nd a n exa mpl e of a ger un d (verb + -;118): I after another verb _ __ _ 2 after a preposition _ _ __ 3 used as a noun e

>- p.138 Grammar Bank 7B. Learn more about the uses of the gerund and practice them.

Wr ite your own continuation for

Happ iness is ... g Work in groups affour. Read the o ther students' texts. Do YO ll agree w ith their ideas of happiness?

@] ... getting on the scale- and seeing that I've lost a pound even though I had a big meal the day before.

rn ... see ing my suitcase come out first at baggage- cl aim at the airport. rn ...finding a real bargain on sale. I'm still wearing a Prada jacket that I bought incredibly cheaply at a sale ten years ago.

VOCABULARY & SPEAKING verbs + gerund

4 SPEAKING & LISTENING a

~ p.ISB Vocabulary Bank Verb forms. Do parr 2 (Verbs + ge rund).

1 \Vhen you are happy do you sometimes feel like sin gi ng? 2 Doyou eve r sing ... ? • karaoke in rhe showe r • in the ca r • in a choi r o r band • while you're li sten in g to mu sic, e.g., on an iPod 3 Is there a particu lar si nge r whose songs you like singin g? Do you have a favorire so ng?

C hoose five thin gs to talk about from th e ist below. Something... • you don't mind doing around the house • you like doing with your family • you love doing in the summer • you don't feel like doing on weekends • you spend too much time doing • you dream of doing

b In pairs, say if you think se nrences 1-7 aee T (t rue) or F (fa lse). 1 Si ngi I1g is good for your health. 2 If you want to sin g well, you need to learn to breathecorrec rly.

• you hate doing at work / school

3 4 S 6 7

• you don't like doing alone • you are thinking of doing this weekend • you think you are very good (or very bad) at doing

'ork in pairs. A te ll B about th e five thin gs.

ay why. B ask for m ore inform ation. Then

Ask and answer w ith a partner.

...hange roles.

People who sing are usually heav ier than people who don't. Nor eve rybody can learn ro sing. You need to know how to read music ( 0 be ab le to si ng wel l. If)'ou make a surprised face,you can sing high nOres ben er. It takes years to lea rn re sing berter.

3 32 ))) Now listen to an inter view with th e direcror of a singing sc hool and a student who took a class there . \Vere you ri gh t?

d Listen again. C hoose th e right an swer.

- PRONUNCIATION the letter i ,J[

the one-syll able wo rd s below into the

-,;hr column . high kind like milk miss night right sit skin

- nd g ive

..., nd

• ., n time

which

win

with

iish

bike

330 )) Lis,en and check. Then look a, 'he Irds in each co lumn . \Vhar rul es ca n you -.ce for the prol1 u nciatio n of. ..

i + consona nr + e (but which word is an exception ?) itld a nd i81'

i be tween other co nso nants

331») Li sten and chec k. Practice say ing sen tences. m iss spe ndin g ti me with my sister. le dri n kin g a gla ss of mi Ik at night.

6 e

When you are lea rning ro sing, you need to _ _ cor ree dy. a sra nd b dress c eat Si ngin g well is 9S% __ . e brea thing a repeating b li srening Molly's class la sted _ _ . a one day b one wee k cone 1110mh Molly has always __ . a been good at sin ging b been in a choir c liked si ngin g At first, the students lea rned to __ . a breathe and sing b listen and breathe c listen and si ng Ar rh e end ofrhe day, rhey could si ng __ . a perfecrly b much ben er c a linle ben er

\Vould you like to lea rn to sing (better)? A re t here any tips from rhe listening rh at you could use?

33 ))

SONG Don't Stop f\1e Now ~

G have to, don't have to, must, must not, can't V modifiers: a little (bit), really, etc. P sentence stress

You don't have to take

1 GRAMMAR have to, don't have

to, must, must not, can't

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress a

a Match the sign s to th e rules.

o You have to pay before the end of the month.

36 »)) Liste n and write the five sentences.

b Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the .rhx.thm.

You don't have to pay to see this.

3 READING & LISTENING

You must not ea t here.

0 0

You can't ta lk here.

You must tu rn off your cell phone before you come in.

Do you think people from your coumry a re good at learnin g languages? \Vhy (not)? A re America n peop le good at lea rning your language?

b Read about Max, an America n journalist who took an imensive Spanish course. Then cover the article an~ a.nswe r th e questions.

m Tonight's movie

Titanic Ad mission f ree

DJ , .

SILENCE Exam

progress

b Look at the highlighted expressions and answer the questions .

Nofuod to be taken into

W hich two phrases mea n ... ? It is a ru le. There's an obligation to do this. You have to

2 W hich phrase means .. . ? It isn't ob ligatory or it isn't necessary. 3 Which two phrases mean ... ? It isn't permitted. Ir is aga inst the rul es. c )loo p.138 Grammar Bank 7C. Learn more about have to, don't have to, must, must not, and ca n't and practice them. d With a partner, complete four se ntences about the school where you are learn in g English. We have to... We must...

"" lilmuy

We don't have to ... We must not... We can't...

Compare you r r ules with another pair. W hich rule do you think is the mOst important?

•

What reputa tion do Amer icans have? W hat ex peri ment d id Max's news paper wa nt to do? Why did Max choose to learn Span ish? W here did he take che course? How long was it? W hat did he find easy and difficu lt about Spa nish? W hat were th e four tests? W hat were rhe ru les? 37 ))) Which test do you think was rhe eas iest for Max? Wh ich

do you think was t he most difficult? Listen to Max caking the tests in Puerto R ico and check your answers. d Listen aga in. Mark the sentences T (tru e) or F (false). Correct t he false information. I 2 3 4 5

The waiter did n't understand Max. The bill was six dollars. The drugsrore was o n rhe first Street on the right. The driver und erstood the name of the fo rt. Max made a grammar m istake when he left [he voicemail message. 6 Max's final score was eight. 7 Max says you can learn Spanis h in a month.

I will survive

4 VOCABULARY modifiers

(in Spanish) ... or will I?

My pronunciation of the fort wasn't very good. I was feeling a little nervous at this point.

Complete the chart with the words in the box.

a little (bit) extremely fairly not ver·y really ver-y mericans have a reputation for being bad at lea rning .anguages. but is it really true? I work for a newspa per :1'lat was doing a series of articles about this . As an

Spanish is

....,ent. they asked me to try and learn a completely a,guage for one month. Then I had to go to the and take some "tests" to see if I could "survive" in ?"Cnt situations. I decided to study Spanish because - like to visit Puerto Rico and other places in Latin

a little (bit) We only use a little (bit) before negative adjectives

-<an who expects everyone else to speak English.

and adverbs, •. g., a little (bit) difficult, a little (bit) Slowly.

a one-mo nth intensive course in Spanish at a .... ge school in Washington, D.e. I was a complete

b Complete the sentences with one of the words or phrases so that it makes a true sentence. Compare with a partner.

::ry similar to English ones. For example. holD isn't :. &ferent from "hello" and ingJes is very similar ~-; ish," But other things were more difficult. for :J e the verbs in Spanish change for each person, and - -eans you have to learn a lot of different endings. - 3gest problem was the pronunciation. I found it :fficult to pronounce some letters in Spanish, -«.ially r andj. I downloaded sentences in Spanish onto --artphone, and I listened and repeated them again - again.

5 SPEAKING

er my course ended, I went to San Juan, Puerto Rico

• 'lOg weekend to take my tests. A Spanish teacher

ed Nilda came with me an d gave me a score out of 10 ~ach test and then a fina l score for everything. «!Se

difficult.

not very

ca in the future. If I go, I don't want to be the typical

...... er. but I soon found that some Spanish words

very

1 I'm good at learning languages. motivated to improve my English. 2 I'm 3 English pronunciation is difficult. 4 English grammar is _ _ _ complicared. 5 I'm worried abollt the next English exa m. 6 English is important for my work, stud ies.

How well do you think you could do Max's four tests in English? Why? I think I could order a drink and a sandwich fairly well~

b Talk to a partner.

were the tests and the rule s:

HAVE YOU EVER ... ~ESTS

have to ... ord er a drink and a sandwich in a cafe, ask how ...,uch it is, and understand the price. ask for directions on the street (and follow them). :ake a taxi to a historical building in San Juan. eave a message on somebody's voicemail.

JLES ou can't use a dictionary or phrase book ou can't speak English at any time you can't use your hands or mime or write anything down

spoken to a tourist in English? When? Why?

had to speak in En glish on the phone? Who to? What about? seen a movie or video clip in English? Which? Did it have subtitles? How much did you understand? read a book or magazine in English? Which one(s)? asked for directions in English in a foreign city?

Where? What happened? used an app or website to improve your English?

Which one? : • learned another foreign la nguage? How well can you speak it?

.................................................................................................

6 WRITING

>- p.llS Writing A formal email. \Vrite an email asking for information.

Online Practice

At the pharmacy 1 !E~ RUNNING IN CENTRAL PARK a

2 VOCABULARY feeling sick a Match the phrases a nd pictures.

3 38») Warch o r li sre n ro Rob and Jenny. Arc they enj oy ing their run?

What's the matter?

I have a headache. 'hell!.!l\...

I have a tempera:Je

D I have a stomachache

~ I have a cough. bf

::::J I have a cold.

I have the flu. fl u

•

39 ») Listen and check. Cove r rhe phrases and practice with a par mer. What's the matte~

0ave

a headache.

3 !E~ GOING TO A PHARMACY a

40») Cover th e dialogue and watch o r listcn. @ thecorre answer. I Rob think s he ha s a cold / the fill. 2 The pha rmacist gives Rob ibuprofell / pe"icilli". 3 He ha s to rake rhe medi cine every four hOllrs I eiB/1t hOllrs. 4 They cost $ 16.99/ $6.99.

b Watch or li ste n aga in and answer rh e

qu est ions. 1 2 3 4 5 6

How does Rob say he feel s? What does Jenny say about Central Park ? Is Rob happy he ca me to New York? What is Rob tired of doing? What does Je nny in vi te h im to do? How many mo re times a re they goi ng to run around the pa rk?

' "atch or listen again. Complete the You Hear phrases. )) You Hea r You Say Good morning. Can I help you? What are your symptoms?

Jo you have a

Are you allergic to any drugs? No . This is .:;..Jpfofen.lt'll make you

I'm not feeling very well. I think I have flu. I have a headache and a cough. NO, I don't think so. I'm allergic to penicillin.

4 !E~ DINNER AT JENNY'S APARTMENT 42») \\latch or listen to Rob and Jenny. Mark the sentences T (true) o r F (false).

How many do I have to take?

I Rob broke up with his girlfriend a yea r before he met Jen ny. 2 Jenny hasn't had much time for relationships. 3 Jenny knew that Rob wasn't feeling well in the morning. 4 Rob wantS to go back to his hotel because he's tired. 5 Jenny is going ro call a taxi.

feel every four hours. _ every four hours. you don't feel better n hours, you should see a doctor.

That's $6.99, please.

Sorry? How often?

OK. thanks. How much is that?

b \Vatch or listen agai n. Say why the F sentences are false. Thank you.

You're _ _ _

:> American and British Eng lish pharmacy = American English (and sometimes British English) chemist's = British English drugs = medicine in American English drugs = illegal substances in British and American English the flu = American English flu = British English

43») Read the information box about have not. Listen and repeat the phrases. have got In British English, have got is sometimes used instead of have to talk about possession. I've got a busy day tomorrow. Have you got any children? Yes, I have. I've got a girl and a boy. No, I haven't. I haven't got any children.

>- See appendi x p.165. d Ask and answer w ith a partner. Use Have YOIl Bot ... ? Yes, J have. , - No , J l!m'etl't. Give more information if you can.

341 ») Watch or listen a nd repeat the You Say phrases . .G.Qpy the r!J}>thm.

A any pets

~crice

Have you got any pets.!.l 0es, I have. I've got two dogs.

a bike or mororcycle a yard B any brothers and sisters a car a laprop

the dialogue with a partner.

In pai rs, role·play the dialogue.

.\ book closed) You don't feel very well. Decide what symptoms you have. Are YOll allergic to anything? B book ope n) You are the pharmacist. You begin with Ca" I I,elp )'ou?

Look at the Social English p hrases. Can you remember any of the missing words? Social English phrases Rob That was a lovely _ _. Rob That isn't very _ _ for you. Rob I'm rH be fine. Rob I think I ___ get back to

C hange roles.

Jenny I'm you're feeling better. Rob Thanks again for a _ _ evening. Jenny time. the hotel now.

45)) \Vatch or listen and complete the phrases.

g Watch or li sten again and repeat the phrases. How do you say them in your language? Ca n you... ?

o o

describe symptoms when you feel sick get medicine at a pharmacy

D talk about possessions with have got Online Practice

G should

V get P 101 and lul, sent en ce st ress

You should t a lk to her.

1 READING c

a Talk CO a pa rcner. If you have a proble m rhat you need to talk abollt, .do you ta lk to a fr iend or to a member of your fami ly? \Vh)'? 2 Do you thi nk that men fi nd it more difficult than women to talk aboU[ thei r problems? \Vhy (not)?

b Read th ree problems from a weekly anicle in a newspa per. Ma tch two pieces of advice ro eac h prob lem.

Read the problems and advice again . Look the highlighted ve rb phrases a nd guess rhei

mea ning. d Ta lk co a pa nner. W h ic h piece of advice do YOll agree wi rh mose for each problem? Do YOll h ave any orhe r suggesrions?

Too to talk? Are you a man who finds it difficult to talk about feelings and problems with your friends and family? Send us your problem. and you will get advice from our readers.

Problem A T hree weeks ago, I asked my girlfriend to marry me - we have been together for 18 months. It

was an impulse, but now I am having second thoughts. I am deeply in love with her, but is this too soon? Please help.

Our readers' advice! 1

Problem B My wife is running her fi rst marathon in Orlando, Florida, a nd she really wants me to go and watch her. However, there is a business conference in New York the same weekend, a nd my boss would like me to attend. What should I do?

Problem C My wife wants us to spend two weeks in Cape Cod, Massachusetts in the summer w ith her fa mily, but I find her father really difficult to get along with. Should 1 go a nd risk having a rguments all the time or should r suggest separate vacations th is year?

This seems like an easy one - go, but try to avoid him where possible, and if you can't avoid him, then just smile and don't get into a conversation. In my opinion, I don't think it's worth making problems at work. Why don't you suggest that she asks a girlfriend or afamily member to go with her instead? You should tell your wife how you feel. Be polite and, above all, bE honest. You do not have to like her father. if he really is difficult, everyone else will already know. You felt it was right at the time, butfor some reason now you are not sure. You clearly love this girl, and I think you should go for it. I got married after four months of dating, and we celebrated 30 years together this year. You should be there. Maybe this is a once-in-a-lifetime momentfor her. You can always keep in touch with co-workers on your phone. You shouldn't do anything in a hurry. Set a date 18 monthsfrom now which will give you time to be sure you're doing the right thing. And don't plan too much. If you start booking restaurants and getting clothes for the big day, it will make things worse if you then change your mind. Adapted from a newspape

2 GRAMMAR should

5 VOCABULARY get

a Fi nd and un derli ne seve n exam ples of should I shouldn't in the problem s and advice in 1. Answer w it h a partner:

a Look at three sentences fro m the lesson. Matc h the exa mples of Bet w it h mea n ings a-Co a buy / obtain

W hat do we use should for? 2 How do you make nega tives and questions w ith sllOuld? b

b receive

c become

Send us your problem, and you will ge t adv ice.

If you start book ing resta uranrs and ge tting clofh es fo r the big day...

>- p.140 Grammar Bank BA. Lea rn more

I'm getting really stressed about it .

about should and practice it. b

3 PRONUNCIATION

> p.159 Vocabulary Bank get.

c In pa irs, ask and answer the questio ns w ith Bet.

/u/ and /u/, sentence stress a

.ti b

bull

good

boot

pur

soon

should

4 Who do you get along with best in your family? Is there anybody you don't get along with?

wou ld

5 How do you get to work I school? How tong does it usually take you? 6 What's the first thing you do when you get home from work / school?

48») A re the pink letters in these words so und I (/uI ) or sound 2 (/u/)' Listen and check. W hich consonant is n't pronounced in shollld, \Vould, a nd could?

7 Do you have a good sense of direction, or do you often get lost? 8 How many emails or text messages do you get a day? Are they mostly from friends? Do you usually reply immediately?

look school

49») Listen and w ri te six sentences.

d Li ste n aga in and repea t th e sentences. Copy the iliYthm . e

2 Would you like to get in shape? What do you think you should do? 3 What website do you use if you want t o get tickets a) to travel b) for the movies I theater I concerts?

tr ue yo u

book could flew food foot

1 When was the last time you got a present? What was it? Who was it from?

471}) Listen and repeat t he words and sounds. W hat's the difference betwee n the two sound s?

6 WRITING .a .... Read two problems on a webs ire. Write a respo nse to one of them giv ing adv ice.

> Communication What should I do? A p.103 B p.108. Listen to your parrner's problem s and give advice.

Goodadvice.com Post your problems here, and you'JJ get advice from all over the world.

4 LISTENING & SPEAKING a

My best friend wants to borrow some money to help her buy a car. I have the money, and she says she'll pay me back next year. But I'm worried that it's not a good idea to lend money to friends. What should I do?

SOl») Listen to someo ne ca ll ing a rad io program called What's the Problem? W hat is rhe problem about? Make nmes in the chart. problem

My friend Anna has gone away on vacation for two weeks, and I'm taking care of her cat. Yesterday I couldn't find the cat anywhere. My friend is coming home in three days. I'm desperate. Should I call her now and tell her? What should I do?

expert 's advice

caLLer 1

caller 2

b Co mpa re yo ur notes wi th a pa rtner. What do you th ink the man should do? c

51)) Now listen to an expert giv ing adv ice and make no tes in the ch art. Is it t he same as YOUts? Is it good advice? Why (not)? 52,53»)) Now repeat for ca ller 2.

Language for giving advice (J think / don't think) you should ... You shouldn't ...

Why don't you ...? You could ...

b In groups offour, read your respo nses. W hose adv ice is t he bes t?

SS »))

SONG Why

I Feel So Sad? J' Online Practice

G if+ present, will + base form (f irst conditional) V confusing verbs

If we change lines, this one will move quicker.

P linking

1 READING a If you are wa iting co check in at the ai rport and you change lines. what w ill usua lly happen? b Read the first two paragraphs of the article and check. \V ho was Murphy? W hat is his law? c Now look at the eight examples ofMurp hy's Law in the article and ma tch them w ith semences A- H. A your flight will be delayed. B you will spill coffee on it.

C you wi ll find a parking space right in front of it.

all the traffic lights will be red.

E will have a problem with his or her credit card . F he or she will already have a partner. G there will be a hyperactive fiveÂˇyear-old in the seat beh ind you. H it w ill work when the salesperson tries it.

d Do any of these th ings or thi ngs like this often happen

CO you?

IT ALWAYS HAPPENS! If

you are in a check-in line and you change to another line that is moving more quickly, what will happen? The line you were in before will suddenly start moving faster. What will happen if you take your umbrella because you think it's going to rain later? It won't rain, of course. It will only rain if you forget to take your umbrella. These are examples of Murphy's Law, which says, "If there is something that can go wrong, it will go wrong ." Murphy's Law took its name from Captain Edward Murphy, an American aerospace engineer from the 1940s. He was trying to improve safety for pilots flying military planes. Not surprisingly, he got a reputation for always thinking of the worst thing that could happen in every situation. Here are some more examples of Murphy's Law.

2 GRAMMAR if + present, will + base form

AIR TRAVEL

In pai rs, cove r A- H and look at 1-8 in the text. How many of the laws ca n you remember?

b Look at the seme nces again. What tense is the verb after if? W hat tense is the other verb? c

>- p.140 Grammar Bank 88. Lea rn more about the first conditio nal and practice it.

d In pairs, complete these Mur phy's Laws. 2 3 4 5

If you fi nd something in a store that you really like .... If you stop wa iting for a bus and start wal king, ... If you call a te lephone compa ny help li ne, If you leave your cel l pho ne at home, ... If yo u lose a glove and buy a new pa ir, ..

e Compare your laws with other students. Do you have the same (or simila r)?

D D

If you get to the airport early, .. If you want to sleep on the plane, ..

SHOPPING 3

If you are in a hurry, the person in front of you ..

If you take something that doesn't work back to a store, ..

DRIVING 5 6

D 0

If you're late for something important, .. If you park a long way from a restaurant, ..

SOCIAL LIFE 7

If you are Single and you meet somebody at a party who you really like, .. If you wear a new white shirt or dress, ..

3 PRONUNCIATION linking

p a

Sound linking Remember that if a word fin ishes with a consonant and the next word begins with a vowel, we usually link the words together, e.g., we'U""'eat........in.......a cafe

The Svanstrom family

43 ») Li sten a nd repeat the sentences. Try [0 link th e marked words.

I 2 3 4 S b

1£......1 see hcr. . .,1'1I reil her. \Ve'l! go if..Jr doesn 't rain. If ....! get rhere.......early, I'll.......order th e food. They' ll.....arriveJt.....cighr_ifrhcir nighr 's.....on time. If you a ren't-...in.......a hurry, wecan walk. 4 1}) Listen and write five more senten ces.

4 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING confusing verbs a

\Vhar 's the difference between wear and carry?

ktlOIV

a nd meet, a nd c

b ~ p.160 Vocabulary Bank Confusing verbs.

6»)) Listen ro what happened to Mr. and Mrs. Sva nstrom. Mark th eir route o n th e map. What natural disaster happened in eac h place?

c @ rheri ghtverb.Thenaskand answerw ithapartner. 1 \Vha do you look I look like in your family? 2 How many classes have YOlllllissed ! Iost this yea r? 3 What gadgets do you always bring ! rake with you when you go on vacation? 4 Do you think sports people \Vi" I cam roo mu ch money? 5 What is the best way to k"olV I meet new friends? 6 Is ir sometimes OK to say I tell a lie?

5 LISTENING a

With a partner, think of three things th at cou ld go wrong when you are on vacation.

b Match the words

their definition s.

[I]

D an earthquake ':lr1:Jk \\

D a fj:c1one

a monsoon imun\un a tsunami h u' nu mi \alklnon,

D 0

5 Cl k

a blizzard ""hIl7;,nJ

d Listen again and answer the questions.

a flood Il\d

1 2 3 4 5

How long did they have re wait at Munich airport? \Vhat wea ther were they expecti ng in Bali? \Vhere were rhe streets full o f smoke? \Vhere did they slee p in Cai rn s? \Vhy did they fly to Auckland and nOt ro Ch ristchurch in New Zealand? 6 What were they doing when the Japanese earthquake struck? 7 Where did they go for the last part of their vacation? Did anything happen ro them there?

a forest fire br~~{ f<:!I~r

A a very bad srerm wit h snow and strong winds B a very strong wind that moves in a circle C a big fire that can destroy many trees a nd hou ses o a very large wave in the ocean E when it rains very heavi ly for three month s or more F when there is roo much water in a rive r and it comes onto the st reets or yards G when the ground sudden i) shakes ver), strongly

Do you think they were lu cky or unlucky? \Vhy?

Online Practice

Ell

G possessive pronouns V adverbs of manner P sentence rhythm

You must be mine. Yes. I'll

1 READING a You are goi ng to rea d and listen to a short sto ry. First loo k at the picture and answe r the qu es ti o ns. I What do the people look like? \V hat are th ey wearing? 2 \V here are they? 3 In wha t centu ry do you th ink th e sto ry takes place? b

7 })) Read and listen to Part 1. T hen answer th e questio ns w ith a pa rtn er.

2 3 4 5 c

Wha t did the detective give Har rl ey? W ha t did he offer to do? What d id Harrley do when he got the add ress? What d id Viv iennc look like? Why was Har tley angry with her? Why do you th in k sh e di d n't answer his lerrer?

Look at the fo llowin g words and ph rases in the story. W ith a partner, guess what they mean . moved (line 5) expenses (line 7) tram (tine 12) rang the bell (line 14) climb (line 15)

HENRY

PART I

" I've found where she lives," said the detective quierly. " Here is the address." Harrley took the piece of paper. On it were the words "Vivienne Arlington, No. 341 East 49th Street." "She moved there a week ago," said the detective. "I can follow her if yOll want. It will only cost you $7 a day and expenses .. ." "No, thank you," in terrupted Harrley. " I on ly wanted the address. How much is it?" "One day's wo rk," said the detective. "Ten dollars." HarrIey paid the man. Then he left the office and took a tram to Broadway. After walking a short distance he arrived at the building that he was looking for. Harrley rang the bell. The door opened. He went in and began to climb the stairs. O n the fourth Aoor he saw her standing in an open door. Vivicnne was about twenty-one. Her hair was red gold, and her eyes were sea-blue. She was wearing a white top and a dark skirt. "Vivienne," said Har rIey, "you didn't answer my last letter. It took me a week to find your new address! Why didn't you answer me? You knew I was waiting to see you and hear from you."

8 'Âť) Read a nd listen to Part 2. Then answe r the ques ti o ns with a part ner.

2 3 4

5 6

P e

Why wasn't Vivien n e sure about acce pti ng Harrley's offer? How d id Harrley try to pers uade her? W here did Hartley and Vivienne first meet? What did Harrley th ink was the reason why Vivien ne didn't say yes to his offer? W hat do you thi n k Har rley wa nted Vivienne to do? W ho do you th ink Heloise is? Adverbs of manner We often use adverbs of manner in writing to show how the characters are feeling, behaving, or speaking.

Look at t he hi ghli ghted adve rbs. W ith a partn er, guess wh at they m ea n.

PART 2

The girl looked out the window dreamily. "Mr. Harrier," she said slowly, " I don't know what to say ro you. I understand all the advantages of your offer, and <,omcrimcs I feci SUfe that I could be happy with you . Bur, rhen sometimes I am less sure. I was born a city girl, and I am nor su re that I would enjoy li ving a quiet life in the subu rbs." "My dear girl," said Harder, "'You will have everything that you wanr. You can come ro the city for the (heater, for shopping, and to visit your friend s as ofren as you want. You can trust mc, can't you?" " I can trust you completely," she said, smiling at him. ~I know you are the kindesr of men, and that the girl who you get will be very lucky. I heard all abour you when I was at the Montgomcrys'." "Ah!" exclaimed Ha rrley, " I remember so well the evening I first saw yOll at the Momgomcrys'. I will nevcr fo rget that dinner. Comc on, Vivienne, promise mc. I wam you. obod)' else will evc r give you such a happy home." Vivicnne didn't answer. Suddenly H arrley was !>llspiciollS. "Tcllmc, Vivicnne," he asked, "is there - is there someone else?"

3 LISTENING a

sto ry. Answer the q uest io n s. \ Vh at d id H a rrley say ab o ut H elo ise? 2 \Vhar d id Vivienne prom ise co do?

3 \Vho do you thi n k the lady in the w hite dress is?

"Do you think for one momem," she said calmly, "that I could come to )'om home while H Cloise is there?"

11 ,Âť) Lisren re Pa rr 4 of the sto ry.

I \Vho was thc lady? 2 \Vho was Viv ien n c?

3 \Vho was Heloise?

c Did the endi n g surpri se you? W h y (not)?

4 GRAMMAR possessive pronouns a

Look at som e ext rac ts from th e sto ry. Comple te the m with my, mine,yollr, or YOllrs.

1 "Vivienne, you d idn 't answer _ _ last letter." 2 " I unde rstand al l th e adva ntages o f _ _ offer."

"You shouldn't ask thar,l\tr. Haniey," she said. "Bur I will tell you. There is one other person - bur I h,wen't promised him anything." "Vivien ne," said Hartle)" masterfully. "You must be mine ." Vivienne looked him in the eye.

10lÂť) Lisren ro Parr 3 of rhe

3 "Vivienne ... you mustbe _ _ :' 4 "Myanswerisyes.lwillbe _ _ ."

>- p.140 Grammar Bank BC. Learn m o re about possessive pronouns a nd p rac ti ce them.

13 ))) Listcn. Say the senten ces w ith a possessive pronoun . ") It'S

book.

0's

mine.

5 WRITING using adverbs a Make adverbs from the fo llow ing adjectives. angry lazy quiet

sad

serious slow

14 ))) Listen to som e lines from stor ies. Add an adverb from a after "said " to s h ow h ow the person is

spea king.

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence rhythm

I ;'I'm sorry, bur I don't love you," he sa id _ _ .

2 ;'G ive m e back all my lerrers," she sa id _ _ .

i,) 9 ))) Li ste n to the la s t five lines of Pa rt 2. \ V h at tells the s pea kers ... ?

3 " I think ... 1have an idea," hesa id _ _

a where to pause

b in what way re say t he dialogue

P b

4 ;'Don't make a noise. Evetyo ne is asleep," she sa id _ _ . 5 " I don't feel like doing a nything," he said _ _ .

Reading aloud Reading stories or poems aloud gives you the opportu nity to focus on pronunciation, especially sentence rhythm.

> Communica tion Reading dialogue p.l04. Pracr ice

6 "Th is is a very important matter," sh e sa id _ _ . c

In pairs, write a s hort scen e b etween H art ley 's wi fe a nd Heioise, when she is te ll ing th e cook to leave. Include at least t wo adverbs of man ner after said.

reading the dialogue w ith a partner.

Online Practice

GRAMMAR ~~a,b,orc.

b Complete with a verb from the lisc. enjoy finish

I I need

some emails. a to answer b answer c answering 2 The situation is difficult _ __ . a for expla in b explain c re explain 3 (don't know what ___. a do b re do c that ( do 4 I don't really mind housework. a do b rodo c doing 5 is one of rhe best forms of exercise. a Swiming b Swimming c Swim 6 bring our books tomorrow? a Do we have to b Have we to c Do wc muSt 7 It 's free. You ___ pay. a don't have to b must not c haven't to 8 YOUl11ust ___ your grandmother. a to call b calling c call 9 You drink so much coffee. a not should b don't should c shouldn't 10 I think you should ___ to her about it. a to talk b talk c talking (I If she ___â&#x20AC;˘ she won't come back. a goes b went c'lI go 12 If they don't come soon, we _ __ them. a don't see b won't see c aren't see 13 Ca ll me if you ___ a taxi. a won'c find b don't find c didn't find 14 A \Vhosebookisthat? Bit's a my b mine book c mine 15 She forgot his birthday, bur he didn't fo rget ___. a her

b she

c hers

2 3 4 5 6 7 S c

a @ I 2 3 4 S

I 2 3 4 5

A Howareyou? B V___ well,thanks.Andyou? I was e.x ___ lucky. I won 51 00. She's a 1___ tired. She needs to rest. You're driving r ___ fast! Slow down! It's f_-_ _ cold outside. You should wear a jacket.

d Complete the Bet phrases.

2 3 4 5 6

\Ve didn't have a GPS in the car, and we got _ _ on the way home frol11 BostO n. 1'111 always really hungry when J get ___ frol11 sc hool. She was very sick, but luckily she's getting ___ . We got two ___ for the theater to see a show. I get ___ very well with my brothers and sisters. They were married for ten yea rs, but six months ago they got _ _ .

7 I got a text ___ from Carol. She says she 's going to be late.

PRONUNCIATION a

~i~IV the word with a different sound.

&fi 2

the r ight verb. When did you kilO\\! I meet your husband? Did you reil I say Mark about the party? If we don't run, we'll miss f lose the train! I really lIIair I hope she's passed the exam. My mother always carries f lIIears a lot ofjewelry.

Don't to turn off the light before you go. (wantro to spea k Chinese. Ca n YOll _ _ _ to make less noi se, please? I to pay you back next week. I really ___ making cakes. Do you ___ waiting here until I'm ready? being late. My parents are very punc(Ual- they \Vhen are you going to _ _ _ using the computer? I need it!

Complete the modifiers.

VOCABULARY

forget hate learn mind promise try

i ~

J1I

I11 lne

find

r igh t

give

WII1

fit

ch ild

th in

choose

cou ld

wou ld

look

should

impression

dictionary

sa ndwic h

ear n

wear

lear n

hl'<lrd

b Underline the stressed syllable. I pre tend 2 im por tant

3 re mern ber 4 sa la ry

5qui et Iy

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? a

Read the arricle once. \Vhardoes Michael think is the main reason Americans aren't good at speakin g lan guages?

...

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

VIDEO

415 )) On the street Watch or li sten to five people and answer the questions.

b Read the article again and check the reasons why, according to the writcr, some Americans arc bad at languages.

=:] 2

America ns rarely travel abroad.

0 Engli sh isan international language. D America ns who live abroad often find the local language tOO difficult co learn.

D Language teachers in American schools are not

very good. Many American middle schools don't have fore ign. language [cachers.

D Americans don't want to waste money learning

Americans who live abroad often don't socialize with the local people.

American children don 't know enough about their own grammar. languages.

Look at the highlighted words or phrases in the text. Guess their meaning from the context. Check w ith your teacher or with a dictionary.

Why are some Americans so bad at Learning Languages?

The sit uation in American schooLs doesn't heLp. In 1997, about 75 percent of American public middLe schooLs offered foreign Languages. Today, that number has gone down to 58 percent. And even the few students who study foreign languages at schooL don't have as many hours of classes as students in other count ries. I think it is also a problem that American chiLdren don't study English grammar any more, which makes it more dif ficul t for them to Learn t he grammar of anot her Language.

Ben

James

a somewhere nice to live and a lot offriends b a lotofmoneyalld a close fa mily c a reasonable amount of money and friends and family 2 Heba ___" a speaks a little Arabic and a little French b speaks Arabic and French very well c speaks Arab ic well and a little Fre nch 3 If Ruth has relationship proble ms, she talks [0 _ _ _ " a he r friends b her mother c her mother and her friends -4- Ben thinks people who have prob lems sleeping should ___" a dr ink less coffee and exercise more b do physical work before goi ng to bed c drink less coffee and try {O relax more 5 James thinks that Americans are bad at learning languages because ___ " a they don't want to learn languages b they find learning languages roo difficult c they aren't interested in traveling abroad

1ft ome Americans are bad at speaking foreign languages. It's

I read a survey once that found that only 20 percent of Ame ricans couLd speak a Language other than EngLish in thei r own homes. So why is this? I think La ziness is possibly the key factor. There is a generaL feeling among Americans t hat "everyone speaks English nowad ays, so it's not worth Learning other Langu a ges.~ In multinationaL companies, EngLish is often the official Language of communication with the company. ALso, Ame ricans w ho Live abroad can aLways find ot her American expatriat es to talk to or to watch Ame rican TV with-alL reasons for never bothering to Learn the LocaL Language.

Ruth

I Stacey thinks that happiness is having ___ "

Mtchael Reece has lived and worked in France for fifteen years. ' a fact. In any city around the world, you can find A merican --=-- t ourists asking for the restaurant menu in English. At best , they will try to say a coupLe of phrases they have Learned from a phrase book, but they will stop making an effort the moment they discover the waiter knows a littLe English.

Heba

Stacey

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH? Do the tasks w ith a partner. Check (.r) the box if you ca n do them.

Ca n yo u ... ?

2 3

talk about someth in g you wou ld like ro learn ro do, and so meone you rh ink would be interesting ro meet talk about three things you li ke, love, and hate doing talk about the rules in your (language) school using must and hm'e to give someone advice about learning English using should and should/I 't remember three ofM urphyÂˇs Laws in Engl ish say two true sentences using mi1le and yours

Short movies learning a language

VIDEO

Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

1 i.

if + past, would + base form (second conditional)

V animals

P word stress

What would you do if you saw a bear? I'd run away.

1 READING & SPEAKING a

Read the quiz questions a nd a nswers. Complete each question with a n animal from the li st. bee bull dog jellyfish shark snake

b Look at the highJighted verbs and verb phrases. \Vith a partner, try to guess their m ea ning from th e context.

c Read the qui z aga in andcEi~!V your answers, a, b, or c. d

>- Co mmunication Would you know what

Would you know

what to do? We all love seeing animals on TV and in zoos. But some animals can be dangerous. If you met one in real life, would you know the right thing to do? Read about some common and some less common s ituations . Would you know what to do?

to do? A p.104 B p.IOB C p. II O. Read the answers to o ne section and tell the others. Did you all choose the right answers? e Have you ever bee n in a ny of these s itu at ion s? Wh at did you do?

2 GRAMMAR if + past, would + base form a Look at questions 1-6 aga in . Are they abo ll t a past situatio n or an im ag ined future situ atio n? \Vhat te nse is the verb after if? b

>- p.142 Grammar Bank 9A. Lea rn more abo ut the second co nditio nal a nd practice it.

e Comple te the se nte nces so that th ey are true for you. Compare with a partn er. I If I had five ext ra hours every week , ... 2 I wou ld be ve ry happy if .. 3 If I cou ld live a nywhere in th e world , .. . 4 I wo uld learn Engli sh more qu ickly if.. . 5 If I won a IQ[ o f money in the lottery,.

3 VOCABULARY animals a

>- p.161 Vocabulary Bank Animals.

1)18 Âť)) Li sten. \Vhich animals ca n you hear?

In the city What would you do ... . .. if a large aggressive _ _ _

ran toward you?

a I would shout "dow n" at it s eve ral ti m es. b I would put my hands in my pockets and walk slowLy backward. c I would keep compLeteLy stiLL an d Look at it in its eyes. 2 What would you do ... .. . if you were driving, a n d a _ _ _ flew into the car? a I would open all the windows and wait for it to fly out. b I would try to kilL it with a map o r a newsp a per. c I would w av e my hand to make it go out.

4 PRONUNCIATION word stress

In the country

P Stress in words that are similar in other languages Some words in English, e.g., for animals, are similar to the same words in other languages, but the stress is often in a different place .

3 What would you do ... ... if a poisonous

bit you on the leg. and you were more than 30 minutes from the nearest town? a I would put something very cold on it, like a water bottle. b I would suck the bite to get the poison out. e I would tie something. e.g .. a scarf on my leg above the bite.

.4 What would you do . .. ... if you were in the middle of a field and a _,---_ started running toward you? a I would run . b I would throw something (e.g., a hat or a bag) in another direction .

c I would shout and wave my arms.

Loo k at th e anim al wo rds below. Ca n you remember whi ch syll abl e is st ressed? Underline it. ca lmel cro lco ldile doqphin ellelphant gilraffe kan lgalroo Iil on mO ,squi 'to

19 Âť)) Listen and check. Are any of these words simila r in you r language? Is the stress in the sa me place?

In pairs, ask and answe r the qu est ions. I What's the most dangerous an im al in your coumry? 2 If you went on a safari, what animal wou ld you most like to see? 3 What's your favorite movie about an animal? 4 W hat's your favori te carroo n ani mal? 5 Are there any animal s or insects you are really afra id of? 6 Do you (or did you) have a pet? \Vhat? 7 Are you alle rgic to any anima ls or insects? 8 If you cou ld be an ani mal, which ani mal woul d you like to be?

5 SPEAKING \Vork in groups of three. Take turn s choosin g a qu estio n and ask the others in the g roup. Then answer it yourself.

What would you do ... ... if you saw a mouse in your kitchen? ... if you saw somebody being attacked by a dog? ... if a bird or a bat flew into your bedroom? ... if you saw a large spider in the bathtub?

Inthe water

5 What would you do ... ... if you were in the ocean and a _ _ _ stung you? a I would rub the sting with a towel to clean it. b I would wash the sting with fresh water. c I would wash the sting with vinegar or ocean water.

6 What would you do ... ... if you were in the ocean near the shore and you sawa ? a I would swim to the shore as quickly and quietly as possible. b I would float and pretend to be dead . c I would shout for help.

... if it was a very hot day and you were on a beach that was famous for shark attacks? ... if someone offered to buy you a fur coat? ... if your neighbor's dog barked all night? ... if a friend asked you to look after his or her cat or dog for the weekend? ... if you went to somebody's house for dinner and he or she gave you ...? a horse meat b goat c kangaroo

P Talking about imaginary situations I think I'd (probably) ... I (definitely) wouldn't... I don't think I'd ...

On line Practice

G present perfect + for and since V phobias and words related to fear P sentence stress

Yes, I've been afraid of

1 VOCABULARY

the no un made from the ad jective afraid 2 one ad jective th at mea ns very afraid 3 twO sy nonyms fo r afraid

phobias and words related to fear a Loo k at th e pictu re. How ma ny th ings ca n you see th at so me people have a phobia o f? b Look at the names of five phobias. Match them to ex planatio ns A-E. acrol2h,Qbia 2 agoraghQbia A

3 glossophobia 4 clau st rophobia

5 arachnop hobia

Read the ex planat io ns aga in. Fi nd in the texts ...

2 LISTENING & SPEAKING a

4, 20 ))) Listen to three people talkin g abo ut their phobias. Answer ques tio n I fo r eac h person.

1 People with this phobia are terrif ied of spiders. Rupert Grint, the actor who pLayed Ron WeasLey in the Harry Potter movies, has this phobia, and so does his character Ron.

1 What is he / she afraid of?

2 When did it start? This phobia can have a severe effect on sufferers' lives. These peopLe are frightened of being in open and public spaces Like stores and busy streets. They often feel panic when they go out and only feeL safe at home. PeopLe with this phobia are afraid of being in closed spaces like eLevators or traveling on the subway. This phobia can make life very difficult for people who Live and work in cities. People who suffer f rom this phobia are scared of heights, and they get very nervous if they have to go up high, for exampLe on a ski lift or if they are on a baLcony on the 20th floor. People with this phobia suffer from a fear of public speaking. They get very nervous jf t hey have to speak in front of other people, fo r exampLe at work or in class or at a conference. The actor Harrison Ford has been afraid of public speaking aLL his Life. He even gets nervous when a character in a movie he is making has to make a speech.

3 How does it affect his / her life?

I b Listen again and answer questio ns 2 and 3 fo r each person. \Vhi ch person do you think is most affected by hi s o r her phobia ? c Ask and an swer with a partner. Whi ch of the phobias in thi s lesson do YO ll think is the most irrational ? 2 Which do you think makes the sufferers' lives most complicated? 3 Do you or anyone you know havea phobia? \Vhen and how did it start? How does ir affecr ),our life or his/her life? My brother is really afraid of flying. He gets very nervous before he flies somewhere. It started about ten years ago when ...

3 GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since

6 READING

Loo k at th is ex trac t fro m rhe first interview in 2 . A n swer the qu es ti on s.

D o you know of a ny kind s of trcatm em fo r people w ho h ave phobi as?

"How long have you had this phobia?"

Read the text a nd m ark th e sente nces T (true) or F (false).

"I've had it for about 40 years . Since I was 12 years old ."

1 \Vhen did she begin [ 0 be afra id of ba rs? 2 Is she afraid of bars now? 3 Wh at te nse do we use re ta lk about someth ing that started in t he past and is still tr ue now? 4 Co mplete the rul e w ithJor or since. Use _ _ wi th a per iod of ci me. Use _ _ w it h a poin t in t ime. b

1 T hirty pe rcent of people have some kind of phobia. 2 Doctors have created a new drug to cure phobias. 3 In exposure therapy, peo ple lea rn to relax when they are ex posed to someth ing they a re afraid o f. 4 Exposure therapy is always successful. 5 T he dru g affects the way people lear n and remem be r things. 6 T he study showed that the dru g helped people to lose thei r fear.

>- p.142 Grammar Bank 9B. Lea rn mo rc about the prese nt perfecc + fo r a nd since, a nd p rac tice it.

1)22 »)) Listen a nd say the phrase w ithfor or since.

)J)

1984 0ince 1984

Scared of spiders? Take this pill.

4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress

There are many different kinds of phobias, I and they affect at Least a quarter of the population. But doctors believe that they may soon have a cure. They have discovered that a drug, which is given to patients suffering from tuberculosis, can aLso help peopLe to overcome their phobias.

23 »)) Li ste n a nd repeat. Copy the £b.x.th m .

1 for ten years ---7 worked here for ten years ---7 I've worked here for ten years . 2 since 2002 ---7 lived here since 2002 ---7 We've lived here since 2002.

3 known him ---7 have you known him ~

The normal treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of exposure therapy. The most commonLy used exposure therapy invoLves graduatly exposing peopLe to the object or situation that produces the fear. For exampLe, if you have a dentist phobia, you might first sit in the waiting

How long have you k nown him?

~24 »)) Li sten a nd w r ite fi ve sem ences.

5 SPEAKING a

room of a dentist, then talk to the dentist, and then sit in the dentist's chair. These exposures are combined with relaxation techniques .

Loo k at the qu est io ns below. \Vha t two ten ses are they? W h at are the mi ss in g word s?

However, exposure therapy does not work for everybody, and doctors think that the new drug, which causes changes to a part of the brain that is used in Learning and memory, could be used i n the future to make this therapy more effective. Michael Davis at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia did a study with 30 acrophobicspeopLe who are scared of heights - and put t hem in a gLass elevator that appeared to go up and down. The peopLe who were given the pill feLt much less afraid then those who took a placebo.

Name have

I a pet? How long I it? I a bike? How long I it ?

live

I in a modern apartment? How long I there? I near this school? How long I there?

k now

I anybody from another country? How long I him (her)?

I a fan of a soccer team? How long I a fan? I a member of a club or organization? How tong I a member? I married? How long I married?

b M ove arou nd the class and as k oche r scud em s. If they a nswe r Yes, I do o r Yes/ I am CO the firs t question , ask the second questio n. Try to find a d iffe re m pe rson for each question .

\Vith a pa rtne r, guess th e mea n in g of the highlighted words a nd phrases.

d \Vh at stages of ex pos ure thera py do you thin k cou ld be use d fo r someone w ith a) a rachno phobia b) cl au st ro ph obia?

Online Proctice

G present perfect or simple past? {2} V biographies P word stress, brl

1 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION biographies, word stress, hrl a

25 »)) Look at th e hi ghlighted words in the list below. \Vhich syllable is stressed? Liste n and check.

Events in your life

be born

o go to college D get divorced D graduate from college D retire

get married go to elementary school

D marry somebody /

have children

D go to high school

D 0

separate get a job

C fall in love C die

D graduate from high school

b Number the expressions in what YOll think is the most logical order. Compare with a partner. 00 you agree? c

26 »)) Listen and repeat the words and sound.

horse

bo rn

divorced

four

d Practice sayi ng th ese words. Circle the o nes with the I';)r ' sound. more work world boring door worse sports wear form near score word

4 27 »)) Listen and check. What rule can you see for words with wor + consonant?

LI1o..LI_-.JI He and three of his brothers and Sisters formed a band called The MeLody Makers, and they pLayed at

2 READING a

Look atthe photos of Bob and Ziggy Marley and read the

introd uctio n. H ave you heard their music? Do you like it?

their father's funeraL

121

I He had eLeven children with severaL

'-=-'-_-.J different women. However, he only

married one of them, Rita Marley in 1966.

b Read ten facts about the li ves of the two men. In pairs, decide which five are abo ut Bob Marley (BM) and whic h five are about Ziggy Marley (ZM).

c Work in pairs. A reread the facts about Bob Marley. B reread the ones about Z iggy Marley. C lose your books and tell your partner what you ca n remember.

LI3~1_-.J1

L14c..L1__I He has lived in Miami for many years with his wife Orty, and they have three children.

3 GRAMMAR present perfect or simple past? (2) a A nswe r the questions. Look at the five facts about Bob Marley. \Vhat tense are all the ve rbs? \Vhy? 2 Look at the five facts about Ziggy Marley. What three tenses are there? \Vhy? b

> p.142 Grammar Bank 9C. Learn more about the difference between the prese nr perfect and the simple past, and practice it.

He has been a musician since he

was ten, when his father bought him his first guitar.

151

He has won four Grammy awards for L.:::.L_-.J his music, including Best Reggae Album.

LI6::.J.1_......J1He injured his foot playing soccer, and he later became Sick with cancer. He died four years (ater at the age of 35.

4 LISTENING a

Look at rhe pharos of another famolls father and son, Julio and E nrique , who are

both s ingers. What's their la st name? \Vha do yo u think is more fa mous?

1 Madrid 1975 - - - - - , 2 Miami ------,.~

5 "Escape" 2001

3 Enrique M,,,tine;, - - -

Kournikova

4 "Enrique Iglesias" 19'95-- - '

100 million

YOll are going to li sten to a radio program about En ri que . Look at the information. Before you liste n, guess what the co nnection is tohim.

0hink he was born in Madrid in 1975. c

29 ))) Now li sten and make nores. Compare with a partner.

d Do you think Ziggy and Enrique have been successful because of their last names, or because they are genuinely talented? Do you think it's common for children to want ro do the sa me job as ~h ei r parents?

5 SPEAKING & WRITING a Think about an older perso n, a fri end or a member of your family, who is alive and who you know well. Prepare to answer the questions below about hi s or her life and ro tell your partner any other interesting info rm at io n about him or her.

The past [7 [ [ He was born in a small village in L-"-_-' Jamaica. His father was a captain in the British army.

[e[

[ He was born in Kingston, Jamaica in '-"-'---' 1968, and he was 13 years old when his father died. His father's last words to him were "Money can't

The present

When / born?

Whe re / live now?

Where / born?

How long / live there?

What / do after (he / she) graduate school? (e.g., get a job, go to college, get married, have children, etc.)

What! do? Gob) How long ...? What / do in (his/ her) free time?

Do you think (he / she) has had a good life? Why (not)7

buy you life." [9[ 1 His music was very influenced by '-'--'-----' social problems in his homeland, Jamaica.

c[l.::.0LI_--,I

With hi s band, The Wailers, he made eLeven albums. His most famous songs included No Woman, No Cry, Three Little Birds, and

I Shot the Sheriff

b Interv iew your partner about his I her person. Ask fo r mo re infor matio n. Do your two people have any thing in common? I'm going to tell you about my grandmothe~ 0hen was she born?

> p.116 Writing A biography.

Write a biography of a perso n YO ll

kn ow or a famous person.

30 Âť))

SONG You're f\.1y #1 JJ On line Practice

Getting around 1

HOLLY AND ROB IN BROOKLYN

2 VOCABULARY directions

a Look at the pictures and complete the ph rases. I Turn _ __

2 3 4 5 b

Go ahead. Take the turn on the right. Turn right at rhe lights. Go around the and take the thi rd exit.

432 Âť)) Listen and check. Am erican and British Eng lish go straight ahead;: American English; go straight on = British English

3 !E~ ASKING HOW TO GET THERE a

Cover t he dialogue and warch or lisren . Mark Ro b's rou re on rhe In ap. 33 )))

-@- A"

-<Ij- '"

311)) Watc h or li sten to Rob and Holly. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (fa lse).

1 2 3 4 5 6

Rob has just done an interview. He is in a hurry. He has a nother inte rview in Man hana n. He has anorher coffee. Barbara calls Rob. T he restauranr is booked for 7 o'clock.

P American and Briti sh English restroom :;;: American English; toilet = British English the subway;;; American English; the underground = British English

b \Va rch or liste n aga in. Say why the F se mences are fa lse.

b Watc h or listen again. Complete the You Hear phrases. You Say O How do I get t o Greenwich Village on the subway? How many stops is that?

OK. And then?

Could you say that agai n?

4 !E~ ROB IS LATE ... AGAIN

»)) You Hear Go to the subway station at Prospect Park. the B train to West 4th Street. Six or seven . From West 4th Street take the at A train, and get 14th Street.

OK. From Prospect Park take the B train to west 4th Street, and

then take the A train to 14th Street. That's only one Where's the restaurant?

Come out of the subway on Eighth Avenue, go _ _ __ on for about 50 yards and left. That's take the Greenwich Avenue. The restaurant's on the . It's caUed The Tea Set.

OK, thanks, See you later.

And don't get _ __

b Wa tch o r listen again and an swer the questions.

34 »)) Watch o r listen and repea t t he You Say phrases. Copy th e rhvth m.

2 3 4 5

d Practice the d ialogu e with a partner. e

In pairs, role· play th e d ia logue. A B is at Prospect Park. C hoose a destin ati on on th e subway map. G ive B direc tlon s. You start with Go to the subway statiOl/ at. ... B Follow A's direc tions, and tell A which subway sto p you have arrived at. Were you right?

\Vhat excuse does Rob give for bei ng late? How long has Jen ny waited for him ? What does Rob suggest they do? What does Jenny say that Rob could do? Wh o is Rob intere sted in: Holly o r Jenny?

Look at t he Social English phrases. C an you remember any ofrhe mi ss ing word s? Social English phrases Rob I'm so _ _ _ _ Rob I

I'm sorry.

Jenny I don't want to ____ here anymore.

Change roles. ~ ke

35 »)) Wa tch or listen re Rob and Jenny. Is the date a success?

Jenny I don't ____ like a walk.

the A train to ... Th en...

Jenny It's been a

day.

Jenny I didn't ____ to say that.

36 »)) Watch or listen and comp lete the phrases.

e \Vatch or listen aga in a nd repeat the ph rases. How do you say them in you r language?

-----Can you ...?

give and understand directions on the street

D give and understand dire ct ions f or using

pub lic transportation apologize

OnUne Practice

G passive V verbs: invent, discover, etc. P flf, ·ed, sentence stress

I thi nk it was invented by a

Are you sure?

1 LISTENING a

Look at the phmos. Five ofthese thin gs were in vented by women. In pa irs, dec ide which five you think they are.

37 )) Now liste n to a rad io prog ram about in vem ions. \Vere you r ight ? Com plete the se nte nces w ith the invent ion. 1 2 3 4 5

Th e

was invented b)' Jose phinc Cochranc in 1886. we re invented b)' Ma r)' Anderson in 1903. ______ we re invented by Ma ri on Do nova n in 1950. ______ "'as invented by Ben e Nesm ith Grah am in 1956. T he _ _ _ _ _ was invented b), Sre ph an ie Kwolek in 1966.

Listen agai n and answer the questions. 1 What happened after Joseph ine Cochrane's din ner pa rr ies? 2 W hat was the prob lem with cars in 1903 when it rained or snowed ? 3 How many disposable diapers are used eve ry da),? 4 W hat was Bene Nesm ith Graham's job? 5 W hat was specia l about the mater ial Steph an ie Kwolek invenred ?

d \Vhich of th e five invem ions do you think was th e best?

2 GRAMMAR passive a

Ma ke five tr ue sentences usin g t he words in the chart.

The dishwasher

is caUed

white·out today.

Disposable diapers

was invented

by Marion Donovan.

More than 55 million diapers

are protected

every day.

Ms. Graham's invention

were invented

by the bu Uet· proof vest.

Police officers all over the world

are used

by an American woman.

The dishwasher was illVetlted by all A m erica n wo man.

b Look at the two sem ences below an d an swer the q uestio ns. a An Ameri ca n woman invenred rh e di shwasher. b T he d ishwasher was inve nted by an Ameri ca n wo man. 1 Do (h e se nte nces have the sa me mea nin g? 2 In which sentence is the foc us more o n the di shwas her? 3 In wh ic h sentence is rhe foc us more o n the woman? c

p.l44 Grammar Bank lOA. Lea rn more about the pass ive and practice it.

3 READING & VOCABULARY verbs: invent, discover, etc.

Did you know...7

a Ma rch t he ve rbs to the d ictio na ry defi n itions. base

design

b Complete th e "D id you know, .. ?" text w it h the past participle of a ve rb fro m th e list. base call design discover give invent open play show use

Read rhe tex t agai n. O ne ofrh e pieces ofi n fo r marion is nor t[ue. Wh ich o nc do you th ink it is?

4 PRONUNCIATION If!, -ed, sentence stress a

39 »)) Listen and repeat th e word s and so unds.

shower

d il;hwa sher inven tion speci al wa sh ing mach ine

b W hat four ways ca n you see for spellin g the IfI sound ? W hi ch o ne do you think is n o t typ ical? Go to the Sound Bank p.167 and check . c How is · ed pro noun ced in these past part ici pl es? Put them in t he right column. bas ed called erelalt ed delsigned dilrec lt ed dislcov lered inlven lt ed painlt ed prolduced used

ne of the most famous logos in the world is the Ni ke logo. was 1 _ _ by an American student, Carolyn David son, in 1971. Ms. David son wa s only paid $35 for her design . However, she was later a_ _ a gold ring in the shape of the logo and Nike shares.

discover invent

_ _ _ \'crb ro find or lea rn something for the first time, e.g., DNA \Vas - ill 1953. 2 verb to make somethi ng lI sing something else as a srarc ing pOinr, e.g., This movie is - all a trlle story. 3 verb to draw a plan tha t shows how ro make something, e.g., The bllifdifl(j was - by a Bra::ilian architect. 4 verb to ma ke or think of something for t he first ti me, e.g., Wllo - tlte bicycle?

dog

tie

IId/

anned food was in 1810 in Britain by Peter Durand. Unfortunately, he did not also invent a can opener, so cans were 4 _ _ with difficulty using a knife and a hammer. It wasn't until almost 50 years later that the American Ezra Warner invented the can opener. 3

hen people at toy company Parker Brothers were first s the board game - Monopoly, they were not interested. They said it had 52 fundamental errors, including taking too long to play. However, a few days later, the company president saw the game and took it home to try it. He stayed up until 1 a.m. to finish playing it, and the next day he wrote to the inventor, Charles Darrow, and offered to buy it!

he modern game of golf was invented in Scotland in the 18th century. It was originally only 6 by men, "golf" because and was 7 of the rule Gentlemen Only Ladies Forbidden. This is how the word golf entered into the English language.

40 )) Liste n and check. U nd erline the stressed syll able in each l11ult i·syll able verb.

otox was first 8 in the early 1980s to correct strabismus (lazy eye) in children. The possibility of using it to make people's 20 years later. faces look younger was only 9

411») Listen and w rite s ix sentences. Then listen aga in and repeat. Copy rhe r.b.xthm .

5 SPEAKING

>- Communication Passives quiz A p.I05 B p.109. Make sem ences fo r you r p arrner to dec ide if they are tru e or false.

he character Gregory House in the hit TV series on Conan Doyle's House, M.D. is 10 detective Sherlock Holmes. Like Holmes, House uses his intelligence and knowledge of psychology to solve cases. House's relationship with his friend Dr. James Wilson is similar to that between Holmes and his friend, Dr. John Watson, and the address on his driving licence is 221B Baker St., a direct reference to Holmes's address.

Online Practice

G usedto

Did you use

V school subjects P used to / didn't use to

to like elementary school?

Yes, I did. I used to have a

great time.

1 VOCABULARY school subjects Read the report card and match the subjects and pictures.

.5..u..b.lect

Grade

D art

2 GRAMMAR

used

a \Vhen you were at school, did you get a reporr card at the end of every qu a rter or year? \Vere they usually good or bad? Did you always show them to your parents?

b Read so me extracts from Could do Better, a coll ection of famo us people's school report cards. Are the com ments pos itive o r negative?

Behavlor

ID, +2 3 ::: 2,x:HS

Sh.e /lllMSt- -tr!j h; be. lL5 $ -e-wt 0 -t-i trKaA.. . .. wit-k O&evs. Princess Diana mother of Princes Willia m and Ha rry

VV\G'.y

sOVVlewhG'.t ecce"'t .... ic. GeorgeBush politician, US President 1988-1992

4 2 Âť) Listen and check.

Loo k at the report card again. What do wades and behavior mea n?

d Did YOll have any other subjeccs in elementary o r high school? Which subj ec ts were you ... ? a good at

b O K at

c bad at

I was really bad at ma~

Jack ... can sclolOIM locate hiS possession s.

good at

We use at after good and bad to talk about our abilities, e.g., I was really bad at math. I'm really good at cooking.

John F. Kennedy US President 1960- 1963

Read the extracts agai n and match th e peop le ro senrences 1-5. \Vrite GB. JL. PO,

IK, or HF.

1 __ d id n't lI se re be very organ ized. 2 __ used ro make the other children laugh. 3 __ used ro be a little strange. 4 _ _ used (Q use very complicated vocabu lary. 5 used to cry a lot at school.

d Loo k atsenrences refer to ... ? a b 2 a b e

3 PRONUNCIATION used to / didn't use to

P a

>- p.144 Grammar Bank lOB. Lea rn mo re about used to and practice it .

C)"'S So

A,,..,

" Y'\

1)46 »)) Listen to six people talkin g about their memories of sc hool. W rite./ if they li ked it, ~ if they didn 't li ke it, and'/1 if they li ked some thin gs but nor orhers.

VVOl s-te-S

oMe.-r pup-il-;:,' -h·rY\ e.

45 »)) Now li sten a nd write six mo re sem ences.

4 LISTENING a

+-le. ,s ... '" cA ~ v-.

44 »)) Listen and underline the stressed wo rd s. Then li ste n and re peat.

1 He used [0 hate school. 2 I used to be good at French. 3 They d idn 't use to behave well. 4 She didn't use to wea r glasses. 5 Did you use re wa lk to sc hool?

1 ~5again.Doesusedto

the present the past things that happe ned once things that happened repeatedly

Pronouncing used to

When we say used to or (didn't) use to we link the two words together. They are both pronounced j 'yU'i(;)/.

2 0

b Listen again and answer the questions.

John Lennon

Who ... ?

musician, member of t he Beatles 1960-69

B o

didn't like being at a sa me- sex school didn't use ro st udy a lot, but got good grades

o o o

had a very good physics teacher hated playing sports

liked one school, but not another used to read a lot at school

c Do YOll id entify w ith a ny of th e speakers? Why? ,

5 SPEAKING a Think about when you were in ele menta ry or high sc hool. Pre pare you r answe rs to the questio ns below. Think of examp les you co uld give. Did you use to ... ? be disorganized or very orga ni zed be late for sc hool o r on time ge t a lot of homework o r a little have a teacher you really liked

be a good o r a bad student wear a uni for m have a teacher you hated have a nickna me

Subject: English

\Vork in g roups of three. A te ll Band C about how you used to be. Band C listen a nd ask fo r more info rm ation. Then change roles. Did you have anything in common ?

Hei(lf/. fYI.(,,{ S t !.earn, n~ to

(

I.lSe.

SU~ Jl.ttwfll"'!/

~ ~:;d to be very disorganized, for example ':i:!!en left my books or my gym clothes at home.

CallJ",e.

Helen Fielding

47 )))

SONG ABC""

a uthor of Bridget Jones's Diary

Online Practice

G might V word building: noun formation P diphthongs

d e

49 »)) Adri a n ca ll s Tin a late r. Whar happen s? U nde rline the verb phrases in th e di alo gue with mi811 L Do we u se th em fo r ... ? I a n obli gati on

2 a poss ibility

,... p.144 Grammar Bank lOC o Learn more about //li811t a nd pract ice it.

g Take turns asking a nd answering the questions below. Use J'm fla t sure. I mi8ht ... and give two poss ibilities each time. What are you goi~g ') ( I'fr} ~ot sure. I might go home or I to do after cla~ ~t go shopping. What about you?

I \Vhar are you goin g to do after cl ass?

... 'l- \Vhat are you goin g to h ave fo r dinn er tOnight? 3 \Vha r a re you goin g to do on Sa turday ni ght? 4 \Vhere are you goin g to h ave lunch o n Sund ay? 5 \Vhere are you goin g re go for you r next vacation ?

2 PRONUNCIATION diphthongs 51 »)) Li ste n a nd repea t the pi cture wo rd s a nd sounds.

1 GRAMMAR might a

b Look at the other word s. Which o ne has a di fferent sound ?

Do you kno w anybody who is ve ry ind ec is ive? Wha t is he J she indeci sive about?

48 »)) Cover th e dialog ue and li ste n. \Vh a r does

bike

Adri a n decide in the end ? c

Liste n again and complete the dia logue.

Tina Hi, Adrian. Adrian Oh. Hi, Tina.

tr ai n

T it's Atice's party tonight. Vou are going. aren't you? A I don't know. I'm not sure. I might , but I might not. I can't decide. T Oh, come on. It'll be good. A lot of Alice's friends are going to be there. You might _ __ _ _ _ __

A Yes, that's true ... OK. I'll go then. T Great. Should we take a taxi there? A No, I'll take my car... No, wait. It might _ _ __ _ _ _ _ to park. Let's take a tax i, T A T A

OK. What time should I get the ta xi f or? 9:307 Yes ... No ... Listen. I'll take my car. rH pick you up at 9:00. Are you sure about that? Yes, I'm sure ... I think.

ti1

mal fai l key brea k

ph one

kno\\ alth ough blouse won't

near th ere wear careful

chair

m igh t bu) sm ile s ince

452 »)) Li sten and c hec k.

here ser ious engineer wh ere

sure bus Eu rope curious

ear

tou ri st

$ ow l

~ bo)

rou nd rowel south borrO\\ row n

noisy enjoy anno\'

3 SPEAKING & READING a

4 VOCABULARY word building: noun f ormation

Inte r view your pa r tne r w ith the questi onn aire. As k for mo re in fo rm at io n. \Vh ich of you is more indecisive?

ARE YOU INDECISIVE? Do you have problems deciding ...? • w hat to buy when you go shopping

• what to wear when you go out • what to eat at a restaurant • what to do in your free time • where t o go on vacation

Do you often change your mind about things? What kind of things? Do you think you are indecisive?

D Yes

I'm not sure

b Read the ar t icle carefully. Com plete it w ith sente nces A-E.

Noun formation With many verbs you can make a noun by adding -ion. -sion, or -ation, e.g., decide - decision imagine - imagination Other verbs change when you form a noun, e.g., see (verb) - sight {noun}

\Virh a part ner t ry to com ple re rhe c ha rt. Verb

Noun (+ -ion, -sion, or -ation)

opt

option

decide

decision

imagine

imagination

inform elect

A And it isn 't just in the coffe e shop. B But if all this choice is bad for us, what can we do about it~ C Buying a cup of coffee isn 't as easy as it used to be. D People often think that being able to choose from a lot of options is a good th ing. E Research shows that we feel happier when we have less choice.

invite organize educate confuse Verb

Noun (new word)

choose live

Do you agree th at th ere is coo mu ch cho ice in the

die

following' W hy (oot)' a in superm arkets

b oo TV

succeed

d in coffee shops e in reStaurants

c in clothes stores

____ . Years ago there were only two kinds of coffee caffeinated or decaffeinated. But nowadays when you go into a coffee shop in the US you are given about twenty different options. Do you want a cappuccino. a latte. a caramel macchiato. an Americano. or a white mocha? _ _ _ _ . In big supermarkets we have to choose between thousands of products - my local supermarket has 3S different kinds of milk! When we are buying clothes or electrical gadgets. looking for a hotel on a travel website. or just deciding which TV channel to watch, we are constantly forced to choose from hundreds of possibilities. _ _ _ _ " However, university researchers have discovered that too much choice is making us feel unhappy and dissatisfied. The problem is that we have so many options that we get stressed every time we have to make a decision, because

53 ))) Liste n a nd check. Unde din e t he st ressed sy ll able in rhe verbs a nd no un s.

we are worried about making the wrong one. Then when we choose one thing, we feel bad because we think we are missing other opportunities, and this makes us dissatisfied with what we have chosen. " Professor Mark Lepper at Stanford University in the US found that people who tried six kinds of jam felt happier with their choice than those who were offered 24 to taste. 4

Professor Lepper suggests that we should try to relax when we have to choose something to buy. "Don't take these choices too seriously or it will become stressful," he says. "If you pick a sofa from IKEA in 30 seconds, you'll feel better than if you spend hours researching sofas - because you won't know what you're missing." 5

Adapted from a newspaper

Onl ine Practice

GRAMMAR

I buttetfly

Qa,b,orc.

3 spider

a see b saw c seen 2 \Vhat ___ if a large dog attacked you? a you would do b will you do

4 scared

5 math c

c wou Id you do 3 I ___ that bike if! were you.

c have lived

a since b during c for 6 ___ have you had this car? b How much

c How long rime

c was

8 \Vhen _ _ _ John F. Kennedy die?

a did b has c was 9 The dishwasher in 1886. a were invented b was invented c is invemed 10 The first book in rhe series was ___ ten years ago. a write b wrote c written 11 The Mona Usa was painted _ _ _ cia Vinci. a for

bby

ero

12 \Vhen I was a child, I _ _ _ have very long hair.

a use to bused ro c used 13 Jack ___ like sports when he was in school. a don'rusero b didn't used to c didn't use to 14 I might ___ Keiko a ring for her birthday. a buy b to buy c buying 15 Suc ___ comc ronight. She has to work late. a might no b nOt might c might not

VOCABULARY

Complete with a verb from the lisr in the righr form. retire

I k __ a wild animal that lives in Australia 2 b ___ an insect that makes honey 3 cr_ _ a reptile that lives in rivers in Africa and Australia 4 b a male cow 5 t _ _ _ very afraid 6 s ___ a couple usually do this before they get divorced 7 s___ a school subject that includes physics, chemistry, and biology 8 r ___ c_ _ information YOll get from your schoo l at

2010. b am

biology

d ~Vrire the words for the definitions.

7 I ___ married for 15 years. I got divorced in a have been

Illosquiro lion whale fear

1 In rhe US. most people ___ when they are 65. 2 I ___ in love for the first rime when 1was 1S. 3 Penicillin was ___ by Alexander Fleming in 1928. 4 The Lord DJ the Ri1l85 movies were ___ on the books written by Tolkien. 5 The first Apple computer was ___ by Steve \Vozniak.

5 \Ve haven't see n my uncle ___ a long time.

a How long

fly cow jellyfish frightened history

base design discover faH

a wouldn't buy b didn't buy c won't buy 4 I ___ in this house since I was 12. b lived

goat sheep shark afraid grades

2 pig

I Ifl _ _ _ asnake,I'dbererrified.

a live

~~the word that is different.

the end of each quarter that says how you have done

PRONUNCIATION a

@~the word with a different sound.

~ ~

fear

near

pho bia

wc're

CO\\

sho\\

at}

website

scare d

there

subject

usually

5 yu

bear

children

h() mework spider

ner vous used

migh t

wear confusion

a Make nouns from the verbs. eJecr 2 decide 3 choose 4 organize _ __

5 die

6 succeed 7 imagine _ __

b Underline the stressed syllable. I gi raffe

2 e le phanr

3 be ha vior

4 re tire

5 de sign

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? a Read the article once. How did the dolphins protect the swimmers from the shark? b Read the article again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (fa lse),

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

VIDEO

454 Âť)) O n the str eet \Vatch or listen to five people and answer the questions.

1 T he swimmers were swimm ing close to rhe beach. 2 The dolphins were doing strange things. 3 Mr. Howes and Helen were separated from the other two swimmers.

Reed

4 One of the dolphins jumped out of the water. S Mr. Howes saw a big fish swimming around the other two girts. 6 Mr. Howes understood that the dolphins were trying to help them. 7 T he dolphins stOpped the shark from attacking them. S In the end, the swimme rs were rescued by lifeguards. 9 An expert said that dolphins often behave in this way. e Look at the highlighted wo rds or phrases in the text. Guess their meaning from the context. Check with your teacher or with a dictio n ary.

Joanna

5 ifeguard Rob Howes, his daughter Niccy, 15, Karina Cooper, 15, and Helen Slade, 16, were swimming over 300 feet out to sea Ocean Beach in New Zealand when suddenly seven dolphins swam toward them.

L at

aThey were behaving really we irdly,~ Mr. Howes said, "swimming in circles around us, and hitting the water with thei r tails.~ One dolphin swam towa rd Mr. Howes and Helen, who were about 65 feet away from the other two, and was trying to push them :oward the other two girls. aThen suddenly I saw another huge fish swimming around me and Helen ,~ sai d Mr. Howes. It was in fac t a 9 foot 10ng great Nhite shark .

Sut the dolphins pushed the four sw immers back together and circled around them for another 40 minutes. Mr. Howes decided !lot to tell the three girls a shark was sharing the water w ith them. Fortunately, the shark f inally swam away, and the swimmers all reached the beach safely. - 1 swim

with dolphins perhaps three or f our t imes a year, and have never seen them behave like t hat," said Mr. Howes. However, dolphin expert Ingrid Visser said that there have been her reports from around the wor ld about dolph ins protecting swimmers . She said that, in this case, t he dolphi ns probably sensed :he humans were in danger and took act ion to protect t hem.

Justin

Reed has had for his whole life. a arachnophobia b agoraphobia c acrophob ia Joanna would like ro see leopards in the wild because a they have always been her favorite an imals b she saw them before on a safari and loved them c they are one of the wild animals she hasn't seen yet When Jeanna was at school ___ ' a she did n't like making friends b she liked most subjects c she didn't like marh or science Sarah Jane has been a teacher ___ ' a since 2006 b for 6 years c for 16 years Justin loves the Empire State Building because ___ ' a he thinks it's in cxacrly the rig ht place b he loves its height, and the view from the top c it's one of the oldest skyscrapers in New York City

Do the tasks w ith a partner. C heck (v') the box if you can do t h em. Can you ... ?

o say what you would do if.. a a dog attacked you b you won rhe lottery c you had more free time

~It

The shark t hen went toward the other two girls. Mr. Howes was terrified, especially because one of t he swimmers was his daughter.

Sarah Jane

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH?

was only about six feet away from us," he said. At that point, I-te realized that the dolphi ns "were trying to herd the four of us together to protect us."

Jeanna

talk about how long you have ... a lived where you are now b had your tap tOP or com puter c been at this sc hool describe your life sto ry

0 0 0

say three th ings you might do next week

3 4

.~ VIDEO

talk about when three things were invented or bu ilt talk about th ree th ings you used to do whe n you were a child

Short mov ies MarweU Wildlife Watch and enjoy the movie.

Online Practice

G expressing movement V sports, expressing movement P sports

1 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sports a

What spores can you see in the phOtos?

55 )) Look atthe spans in the list. How do you pronounce them in English? Listen and check. and underline the srressed syllable. Do you know the names of any other sports in Engl ish?

Where did the ball go?

It went over the bar.

2 VOCABULARY sports, expressing movement a Put these words in the correct column. Do you know any ot her wo rds co nnected to these sports? bunker corner hole lane penalty serve track

au lto ra lcing baselball baslket lball box ling cylcling golf hand lball holckey ruglby so lceer skqing te lnnis track and field vo llleylball wind lsur lfing

Verbs with sports 1 We use play for sports with a ball, e.g., / play baseball at school. 2 With sports ending in -ing (cycling, skiing, wind surfing, etc.), we usually use the verb, e.g., / cycle on the weekend, or go + sport, e.g., / go cycling on the weekend. 3 We use do for martial arts, yoga, Pilates, etc., e.g., I do yoga twice a week.

golf

soccer

lap

tennis

match point

track and field

56 ))) Listen to the sports commentaries. \Vhat are the four sports?

c Listen again and complete the sentences with o ne word. Then match sentences 1-4 with pictures a-d.

o The ball has gone _ _ rhe lake.

2 3

Ask and answer with a parrner. G ive and ask for as much

The ball has gone _ _ rhe bar.

D Now they have to run _

the track one

marc rime.

information as you can.

D That's a very hard return, bur rhe ball has gone _ _ !

SPORTS - YOU LOVE THEM OR YOU HATE THEM. • Do you do exercise or play any sports?

D Yes. What? Do you enjoy it? D No. Why not? • • • •

Did you use to exercise or play any sports? Why did you stop? Which sports do you think are the most exciting to watch? Which sports do you think are the most boring? Are you (or is anyone in your family) a fan of a sports team? Which one? • Do you (or they) watch their games? • What is the most exciting sporting event you have ever seen?

>- p.162 Vocabulary Bank Expressing movement.

3 GRAMMAR expressing movement a Complete t he sentences w ith a verb fro m rh e li st. hit

kick

run

throw

In basketball you have to the ball throu gh a ring with a ba sket. 2 In socce r yo u have co ___ the ba ll into a goal. 3 In tenn is you have to _ _ _ the ball o ver a net. 4 In an SOD- meter race you have to ___ twice around the track. b Look at the se nte nce below. Try to think of t h ree different verbs you cou ld put in th e bl ank, e.g., wa lked. The man _ _ along the street until he got to the corner.

c ... p.146 Grammar Bank l1A. Lea rn more about ex pressi ng movem ent and practice it.

cl Look at th e photos in 1. Say what rhe people arc do ing.

0e's hitting the ball over the net.

4 READING & SPEAKING a \Vhen you pl ay a sport o r a game with fa m ily o r fr iend s, how do you reac t if yo u lose? A re you a good or bad loser? A re a ny of your fa mily members or fri end s bad lo sers? b Read the text and answer with a name. \Vhich of the bad lose rs ... ? 2 3 4 5 c

insulted the ma rch o ffi cia l did not wam to do h is job after the match became very emotional when he couldn't take part tried to h it so mebody sa id sorry after the event

Read the text aga in and fi ll in t he blan ks with t he prepositio ns in t he list. down

out

out of (x2) past

d Look at the highlighted words in the text t hat are all related to spo n s. \Vith a par tn er guess th eir mea ning. e

In pairs answe r th e qu es ti on s. I \Vho do YOll thin k was rhe worsr loser? 2 \Vhose behavior do you rh ink was understandable? 3 Do YOll know any fa mo lls sportspeop le who are bad lo sers?

5 WRITING a Ta lk to a par tner. Do you think there is toO much soccer o n TV? W hy (no r)? b ,... p.117 Writing An opinion essay. Read a model essay about sportS shows o n T V, and then wri te o ne.

59 )))

SONG The Final Countdown Jj

he hardest lesson to learn in spo r t s is how to lose w ith dignity, witho ut blam in g yo ur defeat on the referees or refusing to shake hands w ith your opp onent. Here are some famous moments when losing wa s just t o o hard ...

In 1981 at Wimbledon a young john McEnroe was serving. The umpire said that his ser ve wa s l. _ _~ but McEnroe thought it was 2_ _ _. He became furious and shouted Myou CANNOT be seriou s!" at the umpire. He also called the umpire "an incompetent foo!!" In the 2003 Track and Fie ld World Championships the lOO-meter runner, jon Drummond , was disqualified for a false start. Drummond lay 3_ _ _ on the track and began to cry. Two hours later his coach to ld j ournalist s: MHe's still crying. We're making him drink water because he's becoming dehydrated." In the 1982 German Grand Prix Nelson Piquet was winning the race . He was trying to pass El iseo Salazar (who was last in the ra ce), but Salazar didn't let him go ' ___ him, and Piquet crashed into Salazar. Piquet jumped s___ his car and started tryi ng to hit and kick Salazar (without much success!). South Korean soccer player Ahn Jung-H wan scored the goal that sent Italy 6_ _ _ the 2002 World Cup when they beat them 2-l. But jung-Hwan also played for the Italian soccer club Perugia. After the match the president of the club, luciano Gaucci, announced that the player's contract would not be renewed. YThat gentleman will never set foot in Perugia again ," Gaucci said. "I have no intention of paying a salary to somebody who has ru ined Italian soccer." Gaucci later apologized, but Ahn jung-Hwan left the club and never went back t o an Italian club. When England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003 by beating Australia in the last minute of the match, the Australian Prime minister. John Howard, was so angry that in the medals ceremony he almost th rew the medals at the English players. His behavior was described by a journalist as being "like an unhappy five-year-old at a birt hday party who starts throwing toys arou nd." Adapted from a newspaper

Online Practice

G word order of phrasal verbs V phrasal verbs P linking

What 's the f irst t hing you do w hen you wa ke up?

1 SPEAKING & READING a

Answer the questions with a partner. 1 What time do you wake up during the week? 2 Do you use an alarm clock to wake up? If not, what makes you wake up? 3 Do you get up immediately after you wake up? 4 When you first get up do you feel...? a awful b a little sleepy c awake and energetic

b Read an inte rview with Sara Mohr-P ietsch. Match the questions and answers. A Do you choose what you wear the night

before?

B Do you have anything to eat before you go to work?

C Do you use an alarm clock to wake up?

dO_VDU get U.{L wl1!m.Jt.Pu 're doing the.show? I get up at 4:45 a.m. and leave the house at 5:20.

1 WaaUime

'- - -

Yes. I usaally set my radio alarm to come on at 4:30 so that I can wake up slowly as I listen to the world news. I set my phone alarm for 4:45 and leave it on the other side of the room so I have to get up to turn it off!

o How do you feel when you wake up?

3__~-------

E How do you get to work?

It depends - some mornings I feel rested and awake, but other mornings it's hard to get out of bed. It depends on the season. I find I need much more sleep in the winter.

F How does this affect your social life?

G WtffiHime â&#x201A;Źle yeu ~et tJj9 .. Refl ,eu'fe deiAÂ§'! the she .. ? H What time do you go to bed when you 're working the next day? I Would you like to change your working hours?

c Cover the answers and look at th e questions. With a partner remember her answers.

d Answer the ques tions with a partner. Wou ld you like to work the sa me hours as the radio host? 2 In genera l are YOll a morning or evening person?

If I'm slow to get up, then I wait until I'm in the studio before having breakfast, but most mornings I have a bowl of cereal before I leave the house.

'---

That depends on the season, too. In the summer I usually wait until the morning to decide. But in the winter I often leave clothes out the night before so that I can stay in bed until the last minute!

A car picks me up at 5:20. 7

In the winter, any time between 8:30 and 9:30 p.m. In the summer, usually more like 9:00 to 10:00 p.m.

'---

What social life? I certainly can't go out for a wild night during the week, but I'm lucky because a lot of my closest friends live near me, so I can see them in the evenings and still go to bed early. Sometimes I think I would like to have more normal working hours, but I love my job so much that I'd never want to give it up. The buzz of being "live" on the radio early in the morning as people start their days is really wonderful.

2 VOCABULARY phrasal verbs

4 PRONUNCIATION linking

Look at some sente nces from the interview, With a partner say what the highlighted phrases mean.

There's a wet rowe l on the noar. Please _ _ _ _ __

"I leave it on the other side of the room so I have to get up to turn it off!"

2 I can't concentrate with that music 011.

Please _ _ _ _ __

"A car picks me up at 5:20."

3 If you don't know what the word

"I love my job so much that I'd never want to give it up."

)C)

mcans, _ _ _ _ _ _ . 4 \Vhyhaveyou taken your coat off? _ _ _ _ _ _ ! 5 This book was veryexpensivc. Pleasc _ _ _ _ _ _ . 6 \Vhy are you weari ng your coat in here? _ _ _ _ __

Phrasal verbs Wake up, get up, turn on / off. give up, etc., are common phrasal verbs (verbs with a preposition or adverb), Sometimes the meaning of the two separate words can help you guess the meaning of the phrasal verb, e.g., turn off. Sometimes the meaning of the two words does not help you, e.g., give up.

b Read the information box. Ca n YO ll think of a phrasal verb that means ... ? I to try to find somet hin g you have lost 2 to put on clothes in a store to see if they are the r ight size 3 to have a friendly relationship (with somebody) c

4»)) Li sten and write the missing words.

> p.163 Voc abuLary Bank Phrasal verbs.

b Practice saying the sentences. Try to li nk the phrasal verbs and pronouns, e.g., pick.....it.....up.

5 SPEAKING a

Read the questions in the questionnaire and think about yo ur answers.

b \\lork in pairs. Interv iew you r partner with rhe questions.

PHRASAL VERB

3 GRAMMAR word order of phrasal verbs a Look at the piccure a nd unde rlin e the object of the phrasal verb in each sentence.

QUESTIONNAIRE Have you ever forgotten to turn your cell phone off at a concert or the movies? • Do you throwaway old ctothes or do you give them to other peopLe?

Turn off the..... alarm clock!

Do you enjoy tryi ng on clothes when you go shopping? • Do you often go away on the weekend? Where to? • Before you go shopping. do you usually write down what you have to buy? Do you onLy buy what's on the List? • Do you enjoy looking after small children? Why (not)? • Have you ever asked your neigh bars to turn the TV or the music down? What happened? • What's the first thing you turn on after you wake up in the morning?

b Complete the ru les about separable phrasal ve rbs with tlOllrl or prOtlOutl. If the object of a phrasal verb is a ,you can pur it after the verb + !lp. 011, erc .. OR betwee n rhe ve rb a nd lip, 0 11 , etc. ,yOll must 2 Ifrhe object ofa phrasal verb isa pur it b etween rhe verb and tip, Oil, etc. c

>- p.146 Grammar Bank lIB. Learn more about the word orde r of phrasa l verbs and practice it.

Online Practice

G so, neither + auxiliaries V sim ilarities P sentence stress, /o/ and IfJI

I have a son named

Sodo!.

1 GRAMMAR so, neither + auxiliaries a Look at the photos and describe the two men. b Read about tbe two men a nd answer the questions. I 2 3 4 c

Who are Jim Sp ringer and Jim Lewis? \Vhy didn't they know each ot her? What did Ji m Lewis decide to do whe n he was 39? How lo ng did it take him ?

5 )) Cover the dialogue. Listen once. Try co remember three things they have in commo n .

d Listen again and fill in t he blanks. A Hi! I'm Jim. B So 1_ _ 1. Great to meet you. Sit down. Are you married, Jim? A Yes ... well, I've been married t wice. B Yeah? So 2_ _ 1. Do you have any children? A I have one son. B So 3_ _ 1. What's his name? A James Alien. B That's amazing! My son's name is James AlIen, too! A Did you go to college, Jim? B No, I didn't. A Neither 4 _ _ I. I was a terrible st udent. B So 5_ _ 1. Hey, this is my dog Toy. A I don't believe it! My dog's named Toy, too! B He wants to go outside. My wife usually takes him. I don't do any exercise at aU. A Don't worry. Neither 6_ _ 1. I drive everywhere. B What car do you have? A A Chevrolet. B S0 7_ _ 1!

ome years ago, two identical twins were born in Minnesota in the US. They were adopted by two different families soon after. One brother was adopted by a couple named Lewis in Lima. Ohio. and his brother was adopted by a couple named Springer in Dayton, Ohio. By coincidence, both boys were named "Jim" by their new parents. When Hm Lewis was six years old, he discovered that he had an identical twin brother. When he was thirty-nine. he decided to find and contact his brother. Six weeks later. he met Hm Springer in a cafe in Day ton, and they probably had a conversation something like this ...

A Hey, let's go and have a hamburger, OK? B Sure. You know, l ance worked in a hamburger restaurant. A Unbelievable! So 8_ _ 1!

e \Vhich coincidence do yo u thi nk is the mos t surpr ising? f

Look at the dialogue again. Answer the questions with a partn er. Find twO phrases that the (wins use .. when they have someth in g ffi in common. when (hey have something G in common. 2 Why do you think the auxiliary verb changes?

>- p.146 Grammar Bank lIe. Lea rn morc about so, neither, etc., and practice them.

2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress, 101 and lel

5 LISTENING

7») Listen and repeat the words and soun ds.

mothe r

brothe r

rhumb

both t h irty th row

ne ith er

they

8 ») Add four wo rds to each row. Listen and check. although

math

other there th ing thirsty th rough

clothing

Facebook coincidence brings couple together

9 ») Listen and repeat the dia logues. Underline the stressed words.

1 A I like tea.

B Soda!.

3 A I don't smoke. B Neit her do I.

2 A I'm tired.

B Soam!.

4 A I'm not hungry.

B Neither am I.

10 ») Listen and respond. Say you're the same.

J» I take the bus to work.

5 11 »)) Look atthe photo of . couple and li sten ro a news srory about th em . Wh at is rhe coincide nce?

Li ste n aga in and a n swer the quest io ns.

do I.

3 SPEAKING a Co mpl ete the se ntences so they are t rue fo r you. Me

Who else in the ctass?

2 3 4

I love _ _ . (a kind of music)

I don't like _ _ ' (a drink) I'm very _ _ , (adjec t ive of personality)

5 6 7 8

I'm not very good at _ _ . (sport or activity) I'm going to _ _ after class . (an activity)

I have to _ _ every day. (an obligation) I don't eat _ _ . (a kind of food)

b Move a round the class say in g your se ntences. For each sentence, t ry to find someone like you , and w rire dow n his o r her na me. Respond to orhe r p eople's sentences. Say So do I am /, o r Neith er do I am I if you h ave somethin g in co mmo n . A

I love heavy meta!]

Really? 1hate it!

Have you ever pur your nam e inro G oo gle o r Face book? Did you di scove r a nyrhing interest ing?

So do I.

4 VOCABULARY similarities a

\Vhy did Kelly H ild ebrandt put her na me in to Facebook? \Vhat d id she discover ? \\l hat did she do nex t? \Vhat ot her thin gs do th ey have in com mon? \Vhy were they worr ied ? W hat do th ey ca ll each oth er? \Vhat problem d id (hey once have? W hat a re they defi nitely fl at goi ng ro do?

Read about some mo re simil a rities be twee n the two Jim s. Co mplete th e tex t w ith a wo rd fro m the list.

he two lims looked exactly

both

i~t ical

like ngither IDmilar

Co mplete th e sente nces about yo u and your family. Tell your pa rrner.

I I have the same col or eyes as my ___ '

2 I look like my ___ '

z____

liked math and carpentry - but hated spelling.

After finishing school they had as

each

other when they were younger. They

jobs:

w as a security guard, and Springer was a deputy sheriff. Jim Lew is first married a woman named Linda, and then a woman named Betty, exactly the same names ' ____ lim Springer's first and second

3 My personality is simil a r to my ___ 's ,

wives. Even their tastes in sports are

4 My ___ . nd I both likc ___ ,

lim Springer likes baseball and 6,_ _ __

S llike ___ and so docs my ___ ,

does Jim Lew is. Jim Lewis doesn't like basketball

6 I don 't Iike ___ and ne ith er does my ___ ,

and

5_ _ __

does Jim Springer.

Online Practice

Time to go home 1 !E~ ROB AND JENNY TALK ABOUT

THE FUTURE

2 !E~ ON THE PHONE a

13 )) Cover the dialogue and watch or li sten. Answer th e quest ions. 1 Who does Rob wam to speak to? 2 How many rimes does he have to call?

5 12 Âť)) Warch or lisren ro Rob and Jenny. Mark rhe senrences T (rrue) or F (false).

I Rob is going home rod ay. 2 He says it will be difficult to stay in touch.

3 4 S 6

Jenny suggests that she could go (0 Lond on. Rob think s it's a good idea. They're going ro a resta urant to ni ght. Barbara W<lnts to talk to Jenny.

P American and British English You just missed him = American English; You've just missed him = British English cell (phone) = American English; mobile (phone) = British English '----

b \Vatch o r li sten again. Say why the F sentences arc fal se.

3 !E~ IN CENTRAL PARK AGAIN

b \Varch o r lisre n again. Complere rhe You H ear phrases .

») You Hear Hello. Broadway Grill.

NewYork24seven. can I help you?

Just a second. I'll put you . ... Hello. NO,

at her

I'm sorry. She's not right now. Sure.

I'll give her t he -::--:-_ You could t ry her ceH phone. I'm sorry, I can't take your at the moment. Please ___ a message after the beep. NewYork24seven. How can I help you?

Just a second. I'm sorry, the line's --:--:--,-,: Do you want to hold? Hello. Rob, hi! I tried to call you earlier.

You Say

Oh, sorry. I have t he wrong number. Hello. Ca n I speak to Barbara Keaton, please? Hi, is that Barbara? Can I leave a message, please? Can you tell her Rob Walker called? I'll call back later.

b Wa rch or li sten aga in a nd a nswe r t he questio ns. 1 2 3 4

Yes, I'U do that. Thank you.

Hello, Barbara. This is Rob returning you r call.

Hello. It's Rob again. Can I speak to Barbara, please?

Who has so me news? W hat d id Barbara offer Rob? \Vhat d id Jenny do this mo rn ing? W hat does Je nny ask Barbara ro do?

Look a t t he Social E n g li s h ph rases. Ca n you re me m be r any o f the m iss ing words? Social English phrases Rob You first. Jenny That's great _ __ Jenny I'll her. Jenny I'll explain _ __ Barbara Is everything _ _ _ _ _ _ ?

OK, I'll hold. Hi, Barbara. It's me, Rob.

Jenny

What did you want to talk about?

5 14 ») \Varc h o r li sre n a nd repea t t he You Say phrases. CQpy rh e ~thm .

5 15 ») Watc h o r listen to Rob and Jenny. Is it a ha ppy e nd ing o r a sad e nd in g?

better.

16 )) \Va rch o r lis te n a nd com ple te the phrases.

\Vatch or li sren again a nd re peat the phrases. How do you say t he m in your lang uage?

d Practi ce the di a logues with a pa rtne r.

Can you ...? e

In pai rs. ro le -play the di a log ue. A (book open) You a re rhe Broa dway Gr ill , the rece pt ion ist, erc. Yo u sta rt with Hello. Broadway Grill. B (book closed) You wa nt to speak [Q Ba rba ra.

D call somebody and say who you are / who you want t o talk to

leave a message for somebody respond to news

f C han ge roles.

On line Practice

G past perfect V verb phrases P contractions: had / hadn't

Because a shark had come

into the pool.

AUSTRALIA

ENGLAND

n Sydney, early in the morning, some swimmers were taking a swim in an outdoor swimming pool that was very close to the ocean. The swimmers were very surprised when suddenly the pool assistants started shouting -Get out of the water ! Quickly! " The swimmers immediately got out. Then they realized that there was a shark at the other end! Fortunately none of the swimmers were hurt and the shark was caught in a net and put back into the ocean.

ecurity guards at Stansted Airport were amazed when they saw a dog getting off a train and walking on its own toward the airport terminal. They caught the dog and took it to the police. Thanks to a microchip in its neck, they discovered that its name was Diesel and that it belonged to a woman named Sarah Chapman, who lived in London, 31 miles away. Sarah had g'One on vacation for a few days and had left Diesel with some friends. It had then gotten on a train and had traveled 31 miles to Stansted Airport, changing trains on the way. Sarah said: "I'm sure Diesel went to the airport to look for me!"

1 READING & SPEAKING a Read the scori es and loo k at the pi ct ure s. Fill in the blanks wi th

b M at ch verbs 1- 10 w ith phrases A- J.

one of the senten ces below.

AUSTRALIA

The shark had already attacked three people.

A large wave had carried the shark into the pool during the night.

ENGLAND

[H] 2

3 4

ge t on / off

knock someone C vacat ion

Unfortunately, the dog had bitten one of her friends.

The dog had run away and had gone to the local train station.

D D

5 6

The robber thought he had taken bags worth a lot of money. The robber had taken money from armored cars before.

SWEDEN 7

The woman had gotten confused at the check路in desk.

The woman had left her passport at home.

A on the belt B a sw im

0 0 0

THEUS

ge t into ' out of

realize

o down the street

pur the lu ggage

E our

goon

F a train

take

G a woman

leave the dog

H rhe-路sw+mmi-ng路路pool

9 ~ chase someone 10

:::J

belong to

I with frien ds

that there was a shark in the pool

33-year-o'd Provi dence, Rh ode

cl Comp lete the fo llowi ng se nte nces in your ow n wo rd s . Use the past pe rfec t.

Island man w as arrested for knocking out the dri ver of an

armored car and ta king four bags ofmonel:! . However, each ofthe bags

W hen J got to the check-i n des k, I sudd enly rea lized tha t .. . When we arr ived bac k from ou r vaca tion. we found thar. .. Wh en the mov ie sta rred , I rea lized immedi ately that .. . I couldn't answer any o f the exa m questions beca use I . . . We spent 20 mi nutes in the parkin g lot loo kin g for the ca r beca use we couldn't remember . .

2 3

co ntained only $800 in pennies.

The money bags ea ch weighed

30 pounds, and the y slowed th e

man down as he tried to get away . Wh en police officers arrived at t he s cene, t hey chased the robber down the street an d ea sily ca ught him with the heav y

Compare w it h a part ne r. Are your sen tences th e sa me o r diffe renr?

Work w irh a partne r. A reread th e story a bo ut Australia, B reread the sto ry abo ut the US . Und erline the key wo rds a nd eve m s. The n A (b ooks closed) rerell the sto ry in your o wn word s. B (books o pe n) help A w he n necessa ry. The n chan ge.

money bags.

SWEDEN irport workers in the luggage area at Arlanda Airport in Sweden were surprised t o see an old lady Sitt ing on the luggage belt next to her suitca se. She had put her luggage on the belt and t hen had sat down on the

belt herself. A spokesman at Stoc kh olm's Arland a Ai rport said "Unfortunately. she did not und erstand when she

was given check-in instructions. She got on the belt together with her bag. Luckily, it wasn't a long ride - only a fe w feet.n

3 PRONUNCIATION cont ract ions: had / hadn't

P Contractions: past perfect In conversation we often contract had in the past perfect after a subject pronoun (I, you, etc.), e.g., When I got to the airport, I realized that I'd forgotten my passport. I suddenly remembered that we hadn't told Sue about the party.

5 18 ») Li sten a nd w rite six pas r per fect sentences. T he n pract ice say ing the se nre nces.

Comm unication What had happened? A p.l04 B p.109. Try to guess your pa r tne r's se nte nces .

2 GRAMMAR past perfect a

Look at these high lighted ve rb s fro l11 the Au strali a sto ry. A nswe r t he questi on s.

4 LISTENING a

A Then they realized that there was a s hark at the other end ! B

A large wave had carried the s hark into the pool during the night.

>- p.148 Grammar Bank 12A. Lea rn mo re about the past pe rfec t a nd practice it .

o o

Joey atracked her.

Kac ie met her neighbor.

Joey sat o n her place.

D Joey wenr to sleep. D Kar ie came home fro m work .

I Wh ich act ion hap pened first. A or B? 2 W hat are the twO parrs o f th e verb in se ntence B? b Lo ok at the other th ree stories aga in (includ in g the mi ss ing semences) a nd underline examples oflt ad + past part ici pl e. Did t hese act io ns h appe n befo re o r afte r the ma i n parr o f the story?

19 ») Li sten to ano th er ne ws sto ry. The n numbe r th e eve nts in order.

b \Virh a pa rtne r, rry to guess wh at you th ink had

happened. c

520 ») Now liste n a nd find o ut w hat h ad h appe ned.

Had anybody guessed right?

Online Practice

G reported speech

She told

V say or tell?

P double consonants

1 SPEAKING & LISTENING a

Read rhe dicti onary definition and then answer the ques tion s with a partner. gossip I'gos;)p/ (v and n) to talk aball[ other people, especially their private life

\Vhar kind of people gossip more? a people in cities or people in 5111all towns b young people or o ld people c men or women

2 \Vha do people most often gossip about? a their ncighbors b peop le at work or school c celebriti es 3 Do you have any friends who gossip a lot? 4 How do you feel when people gossip abollt)'ou?

§,l21 1}) Listen [Q a conversation between Rosemary and Iri s. What has happened [Q Jack a nd Emma? Li sten again and answer the questions.

2 GRAMMAR reported speech a

Jack and Emma a re the woman's ... a Ilcighbors. b friends. c ch ildren. Rose ma ry thi n ks she heard them having. a a conversation. b a party. c an argumem. Accordi ng ro Rosemary, Emmasaid she was ... a see ing a norher ma n. b look ing for a new job. c going to stay with her mother. She said she had .. a left the dog wi th a neighbor. b left the chil dren wi th her sister. c left the dinner in the m icrowave. Iri s is go ing ro ... a rei l her husba nd. b tell her fa mily. c tell another neighbor.

22 ») ow li ste n to w hat Jack a nd Emma really sa id las t night. \Vas Rosemary right about everythi ng?

Look at so me extracts from th e conversations. Compare what Em ma said (direct speech) with wh at Rosemary says that she sa id (reponed speech). U nd erl ine the words that are different in th e highlighted repotted speech.

1 What Emma said I' m going to stay with my mom. I won't co me back ... I've taken the ch ild ren to my sister ... 2 What Rosemary and Iris sa id She said th at she was go in g to stay with her morher! She told him that she wouldn't come back. Ooh , how awful. What about th e chi ldren ? She said she'd taken them to her siste r. b ,... p.148 Grammar Bank 128. Learn more about repo rted speec h and prac tice it. c

24 )) Listen to some sentences in direct speech. Say them in reported speech . Begin with He said ... o r Sh e said ...

») I'm in a hurry. ») I'll write.

0he said that she was in a hurry.

said that he would write.

3 VOCABULARY say or tell?

6 READING

Co mplete rhe senrences w ith the right fo rm of say o r tell.

HERE'S A SECRET:

1 " [ havea problem ," A n ni c _ _ . 2 Annie _ _ u s th at she h ad a p ro bl em .

Gossip might be good for you

3 Lisa _ _ th at she was leavi ng he r h usband. 4 He

t he teach er that he had left hi S ho m ewor k at home. th at h e d id n 't believe h llll.

We aLL enjoy gossiping about people we know, although sometimes we might feel guilty about it afterward. However, new research shows that gossiping might be good for us.

5 H is teacher

6 Ca n YO ll _ _ Mark t hat I ca n 't mee t h im to nig ht? 7 W h at d id YOll _ _ to h er?

Professor McAndrew, a professor of psychology, believes that gossiping i s in our genes, and we feeL pLeasure when we share interesting information. McAndrew says that gossiping is a SOCial skill, and we need t o learn to do it weLL According to t he professor, gossip can be a positive thing when people use it to build connections with other people in their so ciaL group. But it can be a negative t hing when somebody gossips about anot her person only to make themselves feel more important in the group.

8 Wh en I was a chi ld , my m o t he r used fO _ _ us no t to _ _ hell o re people we di d n't know,

4 SPEAKING a

Wo rk in pairs. A tell yo ur pa rtner t he follow ing. B Listen a nd take no tes. Then change ro les . so meth ing about your parents or grandparent s a place you have bee n to som eth ing th at you 're p lanning to do in t he summer

Professor McAndrew's research aLso showed that

som eth ing th at you did last weekend

people were happy to pass on good news but only if it was about a friend. They also enjoyed passing on negative information about other people when it was about somebody they disliked.

The information can be true or invented, but it must be interes ting!

b C hange pa rt ners. Tcll pan ner 2 what pa rt ner I sa id. Dec ide together whether you think your prev ious pa rtners we re telling the truth o r had invented the infor m atio n. He told me (that)~

Anothe r thing that the new study showed was that men and women gossip differently. In generaL, the men in the study shared gossip with their wives or girLfriends, but not with their male friends . Women however, gossi ped with both part ners and friends.

He said (that)~

5 PRONUNCIATION double consonant sa

Look at five gro ups o f words. Match eac h gro up to a vowel sound .

a gossip b luggage

c wrirrcn d happy e letter b

co llege fu nny m iss marri ed better

dolla r ru nn er birren cabbage message

401

botrie sum mcr d iffe rent rabbit umbrell a

T (tru e) at F (fal se). 1 \Ve sometimes feel bad after we gossip. 2 Professo r McAndrew says that we are progra mm ed ro gossip.

:)-o 'm "H -

robbe r bur rerfly midd le

3 Gossiping can be good or bad - it depends o n why we do it. 4 People enjoy sha rin g bad news about people they li ke. S Men gossip with t heir fr iends more th an with their family.

baggage

tenni s

5 25 )) Listen a nd check.

P Double consonants The vowel sound before a double consonant is normally short when it is t he stressed syllable, e.g., gossip 0 , luggage ,written , happy . iC , and let ter ,1.: . Double consonants are pronounced t he same as single consonants.

a Read the a rticle and ma rk the sentences

How d o yo u thin k you pr ono unce the words below? C heck the pro nun ciatio n and mea ning w ith your d ictio nary. kettle waffle

pottery

slippers

b Look at the highli ghted wo rd s and phrases. \Vith a part ner, guess t heir meanin g. c

Do you agree with what th e anicle says about the way men and wo men go ssip?

526 )))

SONG

I Heard It Th ro ug h the Grapevine Jj

supper

Online Practice

i .., <

/l)

0..

il.....

G questions without auxitiaries V review Preview

Who painted that picture? I ca n't remember.

1 GRAMMAR questions without auxiliaries a

\ Vit h a partner, see how m any of the qui z questi ons you ca n an swer from memory.

Now try to fi nd the answers you co uldn't r emem ber in Files 1- 11.

L ook at 1 and 2 in the qu iz. A n swer these questions. I How is question I di f fe rent from question 2? 2 \Vh ar is rhe subject of the verb i n question I ? 3 \Vhat is the subject ofrhe verb i n question 2? 4 \Vhich other questions in the qui z are sim ilar grammatically to question I ?

>- p.148 Grammar Bank 12C. L ea rn more abour questions w irhour au xiliaries and pr actice th em .

Who painted Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy?

2 How did Caroline de Bendern lose a fortune? 3 Which airport in Asia has a pet hotel? 4 What does boy toy mean? 5 Whose wedding dress did Lindka Cierach design? 6 What vitamin does sunlight produce? 7 Who plays Dr. House in the series House, M.D.? 8 What did Captain Edward Murphy give his name to? 9 How many natural disasters did Mr. and Mrs. Svanstrom experience on their aroundthe-world trip? 10 Who wrote the short story Girl? 11 Which singer made reggae popular all over the world? 12 Who invented the dishwasher, a man or a woman?

13 Who could never find his things when he was a child? 14 Who shouted ~You CANNOT be serious!" at a tennis umpire at Wimbledon? 15 What is Keliy Hildebrandt's husband named?

2 WRITING & SPEAKING a

Communication General knowledge quiz A p.lOS B p.lIO. First write the quest ions. Then ask them to your panner.

b \Virh a panner, make your own quiz. Write two

questions with or withour auxiliaries for each category. Make sure yOtl know the answers! c Ask your questions co another pair. HISTORY

MUSIC

SCIENCE

ART

MOVIES

Online Practice

GRAMMAR

~~a,b,orc.

VOCABULARY a

I The golfball _ _ _ the hole, and everybody cheered. a went on b went c went into 2 The door opened a nd two men ___ '

along down into

10 11 12

a lives b live c does live 14 \Vhere ___ thatdress? a you bought b bought you c did YOll buy 15 How many people ___ to go on the excursion? a do wa nt b does want c want

off out

back

past

toward through

I 2 3 4 5 6 7

\Ve drove a lot of runnels on our way to New York City. \Vhen ir sta rted to rain, we went a cafe to wait umil it stopped. She walked ___ the street, looking in all t he store windows. W hen the dog started running ___ me, I was terrified. Go ___ the gas station. and it's the next turn on the right. You have to rake ___ your shoes before go in g into the temple. If you don't know the meaning of a word. look it ___ in rhe on line dict ionary. 8 Can you rurn ___ the heat? It 's very hot in here. 9 If you don't like the jacket, take it ___ to the store. 10 Can you find ___ what time the movie ends?

a came o ur b came out of c our 3 Your rowel's on the floor. a Pick up ir b Pick up c Pick it up 4 I've lost my keys. Can you help me ___ ' a look them for b look for them c look after them 5 A I love rraveling. B _ _ _ ' a Sodo l b eirherdoI c Seam l A I can't do this exercise. B ___ . a So can I b Neither can't I c Neither can I A I went to the movies last night. B _ _ _ ' \Vhar d id you see? a So wem I b $0 I did c So did I I was too late, and when I got to the train station, a rhe train has left b rhe rrain had left c rhe train left When we got to t he airporr. we remembered that wc ___ all the windows in our hOll se. a had n't closed b didn't close c haven'r closed Alicia told me that ShC ___ fO marry Berro. a wants b want c wanted Kevin said he ___ back in ten minuces. a wou ld be b was c will be My grandfather ___ that he had worked in a factory when he was young. a said us b told c told us \Vho ___ in rhe house next door?

Complete with a word from the list.

Compic!c the mi ssing words. Julia and Jane are i ___ twins. I live on rhe same Street a ___ my sister. Her new novel is very s ___ to her lasr one. Dave isn't very tall. and n ___ is his son. love classicall11l1sic. 5 My parents b l 2 3 4

Complete the phrases with a verb frol11 the li st. do get give

3 4

go leave look put

___ skii ng ___ on your coat ___ me a sto ry ___ forward to somethin g ___ you r dog with friends

take tell turn

6 ___ up the mu sic aswlm 7 ___ offrhetrain 8

9 ___ up smok in g karate 10

PRONUNCIATION a @~ the word with a different so und .

[[)] 2

3 4

...~ l!J

luggage

t ugby

summer

put

fi nd

written

m iddle

fill

arou nd

do\\ n

through

OUt

neith er

th row

noth ing

both

gossip

together

message

negative

b Underl in e rhe stressed sy llable. 1 wind sur ring

2 to ward

3 for ward

4 si mi lar

5 di fferenr

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? a b

Rea d the a rticl e o nce. What was the a maz in g co incidence? Rea d the art icl e aga in a nd num ber the eve nts in th e order they happened

o Their daughter was bo rn . o They both had a hea rt operation in the sa me hosp ita l. o o They got married . o They di scovered that th ey had bee n in the sa me hos pital twenty yea rs earl ier. o They di scovered they had the sa me heart problem. o o

CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE PEOPLE?

5 28Âť) On the street \Vatch o r listen ro five people and an swer the quest ion s.

Alisrair had a nOther heart operation.

They met at a sw imm ing pool. Alistair asked A lison to ma rry him .

Look at th e hi gh lighted wo rd s or phrases in the text. G uess th eir meaning fro m the conrexr. C heck w ith your teacher o r w ith a d ictio nary.

Th e tw in s that James knows __ a have very similar perso nalities b are very simi lar in appearance c have the sa me appea rance and perso nality 2 Ruth doesn't mind losing when ___ ' a the person who wins is ben cr than she is b she has rea lly enjoyed rh e game c she thin ks she ha sn't played ve ry well 3 The sport Justin doesn't play anymo re is ___ ' a baskerball b soccer c baseball 4 Andy _ _ , a was an evenin g perso n in the pas t b was a morn ing pe rson in the pase c ha s never bee n good in the morning S Ah son thi nks th at a wo men goss ip more than men b men gossi p more than wo men c men and wo men both gossip

hen Suzanne met Alistair Cotton at a swimming pool in 1995, they we re amazed to discover that they bot h suffe red f rom the sa me extremely rare heart ... condit ion. They started going out together and fe ll in love, but several months later, they discovered an even bigger coinci dence .

Almost twenty years earli er when they were child ren (S uzanne was seven and Alistair was fourteen), they had both had a lifesaving heart operation in the same hospital, on t he sa me day, perfor med by the same heart surgeon . After t hei r operat ions, they had spent several days recovering in the same hospital ward (although they have no memories of seei ng or speaking to each ot her.) They certai nly had no idea t h at twenty years later they would meet and f all in love with the child in the next bed. Suz an ne, now 43, sai d, "We we re ve r y shoc ked by the coincidence, We were obvio usly destined to be together." Al ist air co nt inued to have difficulties wi t h his heart, and he had to have anothe r major heart operation. As soon as he woke up aft er the operation, he proposed to Suzanne, and t he co up le go t ma rr ied in 2002. The following year, Suzanne became pregnant, and baby Hanna h was born in 2004 and is now a happy, healthy child who shows no signs of having inherited any heart problems from her parents, Suzanne sa id, "Many heart patients can't have ch i ld ren or their child ren are bor n with heart proble ms thems elves, so for our amazing story to have suc h a happy endi ng is just wonde r ful." Adapted from a newspaper

CAN YOU SAY THIS IN ENGLISH? Do the tas ks with a partner, C hec k (.I ) rhe box if you ca n do them. Can yo u ... ? 1 desc ribe three things th at you have to do in cerrain sports using a ve rb and a prepositio n of movement 2 make true sentences with take off, fum d O W II, and look after 3 say true things about you - your partner respo nd s with so (alii I, etc.) and neither (do I, etc,)

.tiIII VIOEO

continue these sentences with the pas t perfec t: a I gOt ro the train station, but ... b \Vhen I saw him , I was su r pri sed because ... report two thin gs th at so mebody sa id [0 YO ll yesterday using said or told me ask your partner three <jues tions without an auxili ary ve rb beg inning with W1Io, H ow many, and Wli ich Short movies Sports in New Zealand Watch and enjoy the movie.

On line Practice

•

Communication lA WHAT'S HIS NAME? HOW DO YOU SPELL IT? Student A

~-'-. . . '

.,..~ , .; ~•

1 Jesslca

Dlxon

2 _ _

_./,_ Hughes

I 5 Abigail _ _

fill

1C DESCRIBE AND DRAW Student A

~. ..

' -'

3 Bethany _ _

I 6 _ _ Kelly

Ask B qu estion s co co mplete the mi ss in g in fo rm a tio n .

~hoto 1 - Wha t 's her last name? How do you spell it? b A nswe r B 's qu esti o n s.

Ask ing for repetition If you don't hear or understand somebody, you can say: Sorry? Can you say that again? Can you repeat that?

Look at YOU f pain t in g fo r a minute.

1B ALEXANDER AND OLlVER Student A

Desc ri be your pa intin g fo r B to d raw.

Lis te n to B descr ibin g h is I he r paintin g. Try to d raw it. Do n't loo k at it. Ask B ques tions to help you.

Ask B ques tio ns and compl ete the chart for O live r.

d Now co mpa re your d raw i ngs with th e or igin al painrin gs. Are th ey si mila r?

2B AT, IN, ON St udent A a

As k B your questio ns. I \Vhen we re you born?

b An swe r B's q uestio n s abou t Alexa nd er.

2 W here do you usually have brea kfast? 3 W hat time do YO ll usually have lun ch? 4 What days of rhe week do YOll usually go out in the even ing? 5 \V har rime of day do you usually do your English homewo rk? 6 \Vhen do you usually ta ke a vacat ion? 7 \Vhere do you usually li sten to music? 8 When's your birth day?

b A n swcr B 's qucs tio n s us in g at, in, o r on . Ask W hat about y ou? fo r each qu es ti on . 100

2C HAPPY ENDING 2 3 4 5

6 7 8

4A HAS HE DONE IT YET? Students A+S

Why d id n't Ha n nah see the man who was crossi ng rh e st reet? Who was th e man? W hy did he c ross wi tho ut loo king? W here d id th ey go after ch at? What did t hey order? W hy wa s Ja mie o n Bridge S t reet? W hat a nd when was t he concen? W hat was spec ial a bo ut t he d ay?

Look at the pic ture for o ne m inute and try to rem ember wh at's in it. T hen go to p. 102.

lA WHAT ARE YOUR PLANS? Student A a

Ask B your ques t ion s usi ng gOill(J to. Ask fo r more info rmat io n. What I you ! do after class? What rime! you I get u p tomor row? W here I YOll I have lu nch romor row? W hat I you J d o on Saturday night?

SA HOW FAST IS YOUR LIFE?

W here I you I go fo r you r nex t vacat ion? I yo u / sru dy English next yea r?

Students A+S

b Answer 8 's qu est ion s. G ive mo re infor mat ion.

C heck your pa rtner's sco re and tell hi m o r her. Then read to see wh at it mea ns.

lC WHAT'S THE WORD? Student A How to score:

a Look at the six words or phrases on your card . Th ink fo r a mi n ute how you a re go in g to d efine t hem.

eJiJJ .

photo

lazy

sneakers

1 point for never 2 points for sometimes 3 points for often Is your score between 6 and 9? You are living life in the slow lane. Compared to most people, you take things easy and don't get stressed by modern -day living. You are patient, relaxed, and easygoing. Most of the time this is good news, but sometimes it can be a problem. For example, are you sometimes late for appointments? Is your score between 10 and 14? You have a medium pace of life. You are probably somebody who can change the speed at which you live depending on the situation.

go sightseeing [verb)

Arrivals

passenger

b You have two minutes to communicate your word s to B . R emem ber you ca n't use any part o r fo r m of th e word s o n the ca rd . c

Now listen to 8 's defini tions. Try to guess the words.

Is your score between 15 and 18? You are living life in the fast lane, rushing around and trying to do many different activities and projects at the same time. You are impatient and you find it difficult to relax. You are probably very productive, but your relationships and health could suffer as a result. Adaptedfrom Richard Wiseman 's Quirkolo8.Y lI'ebsire

101

Communication 4A HAS HE DONE IT YET? Students A+B a

\Vo rk indi vidu ally. Loo k at the list o f things Ma x a lways does eve ry morning. Ha s he a lready done th em? Try ro remember what wa s in rh e picture. \Vrire se ntences.

He's already made the bed. OR He IIasII 't Ill ade the bed )'et. • make the bed

• wash his coffee cups • clean up his desk • • • • • •

pick up his towel t ake the dog for a walk turn off his computer put his clot hes in the closet take a shower have breakfast

b Work in pairs. Co mpare your se nten ces with your parrner. Are th ey the same? Then go back ro p.10 I and compare your sentences with rhe picture. Were you right?

58 THE FRIENDLIEST CITY Student A a Read about what happened when Tim used rhe three tes ts in Lond on. Try to remember th e informati o n.

London The photo test I wa s near Charring (ross station. I stopped a man who wa s walking pretty slowly down the street, and I said, " Excuse me, could you take my photo?" The man said, " No, no, no time f or that," and just continued walking. Then I asked a business man in a gray suit who was walking toward the train station. He took one photo, but when I asked him t o take another one, he walked away qUickly.

The shopping test I went to a souvenir store on Oxford Street, and I bought a key ring and a red bus. The red bus was very expensi ve. The total price wa s Forty pounds. I gave the man a hundred pounds. He ga ve me Sixty

pounds bac!_ The accident test For th is test, I went down into the Tube (the London Underground). As I went down the stairs, I fell down and sat on the floor. A man immediately

stopped and looked down at me. I thought he was going to help me, but he didn't-he just said, "Why don 't you look where you're going?"

b In you r ow n word s, reil Band C whar happened in Lo ndo n.

0rst

he used the photo test...

Li sten ro B and C tell you what h appened in Pa ri s and Ro me.

d Togerher decide which of the ciries is the fri endliest so far.

68 I'LL GAME Students A+B Pl ay the ga me.

FiNiSH 102

6e DREAMS Student A

7A HOW TO... Student A

Last night, you dreamed about th ese thin gs. Prepare to tell B about your dream.

Rea d the art icle How to survive at a party. Th en without lookin g at th e text, tell B the five tips. When you fini sh, dec ide with B which is the most importa nr tip.

How to . â&#x20AC;˘. Survive at a Party (when you don't know anybody)

o o o

o o

b B is a psychoanalys t. Tell him I her about yo ur dream. He I she will tell you what it mea ns.

0st

nigh t, I dreamed about

Don 't stand in the corner. You need to be positive. Find somebody you think you wouLd like to taLk to and introduce yourseLf. Try to ask impersonaL questions like ~Ilove your bag. Where did you get it?~ This wiLL heLp to start a conversation. Don 't dominate the conversation . When you are nervous, it's very easy to taLk about yourseLf aLL the tim e. Nobody wants to listen to your life story when they have just met you for the first time. SmiLe! Use your body Language to give a positive, friendLy impression. If you need to escape from a reaLLy boring person, say that you are going to get a drink or that you need to go to the bath room. Don't come back!

river...

c C hange roles. Now you are a psychoanalyse. Li sten to 8'5 drea m. Number the thin gs below in the o rder he I she talk s about them .

o Ice cream - you will get some money (fr om the lonery or fro m a relati ve) . o Long hair - you want to be free. Maybe

B w ill tell you fi ve tips fo r How to survive a fi r st date. Li sten, .... and wh en he or she fini she s, decide together which is the most impo rtant tip.

BA WHAT SHOULD I DO? Student A a

Read problem I to B. He / she w ill gi ve you some advi ce.

you have probl em s w ith your fa mil y o r

a partner.

Problems 1 'don't know what to get my boyfriend / girlfriend for his / her birthday. It's t omorrow! 2 I have problems going to sleep at night. 3 My children want a dog, but my husband / wife is allergic to animals. 4 My neighbor's dog barks all the time. and it's driving me crazy! 5 My laptop isn't working well - it's very slow.

D A key -yoll have a probl em a nd YOll are lookin g for a so lution .

People speaking other languages - YO ll think your life is boring and you would like to have a morc exci tin g life.

Traveli n g by b us - you are worri ed about a person who is conrrollingyour li fe.

b Thank B and say: d

Now use the information in c ro inrerpret B 's dream.

Usefu l language First, you dreamed about... This tells me that ... This means you are going to ... This represents ...

That's a good idea. OR Thanks, bur that 's nor a very good idea beca use . .. c

Now listen to 8 's problem 1. G ive him / her advice. Beg in with o ne ofrhe phrases below. I think you should...

You should nÂˇt. ..

I don't ch ink you should .

d Co ntinue w ith problems 2- 5 .

103

Communication BC READING DIALOGUE Students A+B

12A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student A

a Work w ith a part ner. Fi rst pract ice saying rh e na mes.

Hartley "hortli' Vivienne 'VIVi:ln'

Look at the odd numbered se ntences (1, 3, S, 7, 9, a nd 11 ) and thi n k of rh e missin g verb (!±I = affirmat ive verb, B = negat ive ve rb). Don't w rite any thing yet!

the Montgomerys 'mon'gAmcriz Heloise /du'iz.,

Act out th e d ia logue. Use th e ad verbs in pare ntheses to help you, a nd remem be r to pause at t he comm as. 2

H (anxiously) Vivienne, you didn't answer my last letter. It took me a week to find your new address! Why didn't you answer me? You knew I was waiting to see you and hear from you . V (slowly) Mr. Hartley, I don't know what to say to you. I understand all the advantages of your offer, and sometimes I feel sure that I could be happy with you. But then sometimes I am less sure. I was born a cit y girl, and I am not sure that I would enjoy living a quiet life in the suburbs. H My dear girl, you will have everything that you want. You can come to the city for the theater, for shopping, and to visit your friends as often as you want. You can trust me, can't you? V {seriously} I trust you completely. I know you are the kindest of men, and that the girl who you get will be very lucky. I heard all about you when I was at the Montgomerys'. H Ah! I remember so well the evening I f irst saw you at the Montgomerys'. I will never forget that dinner. Come on, Vivienne, promise me. I want you. Nobody else will ever give you such a happy home. (suspiciously) Tell me, Vivienne, is there - is there someone else? V (defensively) You shouldn't ask that, Mr. Hartley. But I will tell you. There § one other person - but I haven't promised him anything. H (masterfully) Vivienne, you must be mine. V (calmly) Do you think f or one moment that I could come to your home while Heloise is there?

4 S

Dia na was very a ngry beca use her husba nd ___ the di nner. El We went back to see rhe ho use whe re we had lived when wc were ch ildren . He cou ld n't catch the pla ne beca use he ___ his pass port. [±] The house was very di n y because nobody had cleaned it for a lo ng tim e. o n o ur We went bac k to rhe hotel where we honeymoon .[±]

6 The crocodi le was hun g ry because it hadn't eaten anythi ng fo r two days. 7 After I left the sto re, I suddenly re mem bered that I _ __ for t he jacket. El 8 I ran to t he train station , but the la st t rain had left. 9 Naom i was sur pr ised to hear that she ___ the exam. [±] 10 I did n't wantto lend Ma r ia t he boo k bec ause I hadn't r e a d it. 11 Jac k was angry because 1 ___ h im co my parry. El 12 They gO[ co rhe movie th eater late, an d the movie had s tarted .

Read se nte nce 1 to B.l fit's not ri ght, t ry agai n unr il B tells you "That's r igh t." T h en w rite in t he verb.

li sten to B say sentence 2. [f it's the sa m e as 2 above, say "That's right." If not, say "Try aga in" until B gets it right .

C ha nge roles.

d Co nti nue taking t u rn s w it h se nte nces 3- 12.

9A WOULD YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO? Stu dent A a

Re ad t he a nswers to In the city.

b Tell Band C th e ri g ht an swers and w hy rhe or her o nes are wrong. c

104

Liste n to B a nd C tell you about the or her secti o n s (In the country and In the water). C heck your an swe rs.

Inthe city The answer is b. Dogs like to attack any part of you that is movi ng, usually hands or arms. It is also dangerous to turn your back on the dog. You shouldn't look the dog in its eyes because this will make him angry. Shouting"down" o r "go away" at the dog will not work because dogs usually only react to their master's voice. 2 The answer is a . Bees will usually fly out of an open window. but don't wave your hands around as bees follow movement and might try to s ting you. And you s houldn't hit the bee because this will make the bee very angry. Of course , as soon as you can you should s t o p the car and open the doors .

lOA PASSIVES QUIZ Student A

l2C GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Student A

a Complete your semences with th e verb in rhe passive a nd rhe r ight a n swe r.

Unti l 1664 ew York _ _ (ca ll ) a Ne w Am sterdam b New Hampshire c New Liberty 2 Th e Star Wars movies _ _ (direct) by .. .

6 7 8

a George Lu cas b 5 reve n Spiel berg c Stan ley Kubrick The noun rhar _ _ (use) m OSt frequendy in conve rsation is .. a money b rim e c wo rk Penguin s _ _ {find ) ... a at the South Pole b at rhe Norrh Po le c inAlaska The Italian f lag _ _ (des ign) by... a Garibaldi b Mu ssolini c apolco n The first cell phones _ _ (sell) in .. . a 1963 b 1973 c 1983 Th e politician \Vin sron C hurch ill _ _ (born). " a on a train b in a rcstroo m C und er a br idge Th e electric chair _ _ (i nvent) by... a a tca cher b a de nti st c a politi cian

Read your se ntences to B . B w ill tell you i f you a rc right,

Now li ste n to B 's se nte nces. Say if he I she is right .

Com ple te your questio ns w ith th e ve rb in pa re ntheses in the s imple past.

7 B'sanswers I The Sma rtphone was inve nted by IBM . 2 The Lord of the Riflgs m ov ies were directed by Peter Jackso n. 3 The book th at is srole n mos t o ften from libraries is Th e G llill11ess Book of n eco rds. 4 In the world. 16,000 b abies are born every hour. S Chess wa s invemed by the C hinese. 6 The first Levi jeans we re worn by miners. 7 Soccer was first played by the British. S In 1962 , the ori ginal London Bridge wa s bought by a rich American.

\Vho ___ the barrle of \Vaterloo in IS I S? (lose) a Duke of Wellin gton b Bismarck c Napoleon \Vhich Span ish act ress ___ a n Oscar in 20 06? (wi n) a Penelope C ruz b Sa lma Hayek c Cameron Diaz W ho ___ the mov ie Avatar? (direc t) a Steve n Spielberg b James Cameron c Ridl ey Scon \V h ich Fo rmu la I d river ___ in 2007, but retu rn ed to raci ng in 20 1O? (retire) a Fernando Alonso b Michae1 Schumacher c Se bastian Ven el \V hi ch Ro man Emperor ___ ." ca me I saw I co nquered?" (say) a Augusrus b Nero c Juliu s Caesar Who ___ the world record fo r the 100Âˇ and 200Âˇ meter race at t he Beijing Oly mpics? (brea k) a Usain Bolt b Ca rl Lewis c M ichael Joh nson \Vhich painter ___ off parr of his ea r? (cut) b Va n Gogh c Mat isse a Picasso \Vho ___ penicilli n? (di scover) a A lexander Fleming b James Warson c T ho mas Ed ison

bAsk B your qu es tio n s. G ive your pa rtner one po int fo r each correct a nswe r. c

Answe r B's qu estion s. \Vho go t t he most right a nswers?

105

Communication lA WHAT'S HIS NAME? HOW DO YOU SPELL IT? Student B

1C DESCRIBE AND DRAW Student B

Answer A's ques tions.

b Ask A ques tio n s to comple te the mi ssing infor m at ion.

~hoto 1 - What's her first name? How do you spell it?

Asking for repet iti on If you don't hear or understand somebody, you can say: Sorry? Can you say that again? Can you repeat that?

1B ALEXANDER AND OLlVER Student B a Answer A's questions about Oliver.

Look at yo ur painting for a minute.

Listen ro A describing hi s I her pa inrin g. Try to draw it. Do n't loo k at it. Ask A questio ns to help you.

Now describe your paiming for A to d raw.

d Compare your drawi ngs with the or igin al pai ntin gs. Are th ey si mil ar?

2B AT, IN, ON Student B a A nswer A's ques tion s using at, in, or on . Ask What about you? for each question. b Ask A yo ur questions. What / do? What / like?

b Ask A ques tion s and com pl ete rh e chart for A lexa nder.

106

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

\Vhere were you born? \Vhat tim e do you usually get up during the week? \Vhere do you usually have lunch? \Vhat time of day do you usually meet fri end s? V/hen do you usually go shop ping? W here do you usually do your English homework? V/hen do you do housework? \Vhere can YO ll rake a n ice wa lk near where yo u live?

3A WHAT ARE YOUR PLANS? Student B

58 THE FRIENDLIEST CITY Student B

a An swe r A's questions. G ive more information.

b As k A your q uestio ns lI s i ng[joill[j to. Ask for mo re infor mation.

Read about what h appe ned when Tim used the three rests in Paris. Try to remember the information.

Paris

I you f go our this even in g? \Vhar I you I have for d inn er ronight? What I you I wear tomorrow? I yo u I go anywhere next weekend ? \Vhar I you I do next sli m mer? When I you / do your En gli sh homework?

The photo test I was standing in front of the Eiffel Towe r and I asked some gardeners to take some photos of me. They couldn't stop laughing when they saw my hat,

but they took the photos. The shopping test I bought some fruit in a grocery store. 1 gave the man a lot of euro co ins and he care f ully took t he exact amoun t .

3C WHAT'S THE WORD? Student B a

Look at the six words o r phrases on your card. Think for a minute how you arc going to define th em .

• a painting

- ----

generous

shorts

··

"'L.I<;;;I--I'$

The accident test I fell down in the Champs Elysees. The street was ve ry busy, but after a minute someone stopped and said to me, "Are you OK?" He was Scottish!

Listen to A tell you what h appened in London.

In your ow n wo rds, tell A a nd C what happe ned in Par is.

_ z

book a flight

Check-in

0rst, he used the photo test...

a nurse'" -

(verb)

d b Listen to A's definitions. Try to guess the words.

c You have two minutes to commu ni ca te your words

Listen to C te ll you what happened in Rome .

e Toget her decide which of the cities is the fr iend lies t so far.

to A. Rememb er you ca n 't use any part or fo rm of the

words on the ca rd.

7A HOW TO .•. Student B a Read the article How to s urv ive a fi r st d a t e . b A wi ll te ll yo u five tips for H ow to s ur vive at a pa rty. Liste n, and when he or she fini s hes, decide rogether which is the most impo rtant tip. c

Loo k aga in quick ly at How to s urvive a firs t d a t e. Th en without looking at th e tex t, tell A the fiv e rips. When you fin ish, decide with A whic h is the most imporra nt tip.

{ How to ... Survive a First Date (and make a success of it)

Think carefully about what to wear for the date. If you are a man, try to dress stylishLy but casually {no suits!}. If you are a woman, it's important not to dress too suggestiveLy. Don't wear too much perfume or aftershave! • Choose a place that isn't too expensive {you don't know who is going to pay}. Try to go somewhere that isn't very noisy. Don't be too romantic on a fi rst date. For examp le, arriving with a red rose on a first date isn't a good idea! Remember to listen more than you talk. but don't let the conversation die. Silence is a killer on a first date! Be natural. Don't pretend to be somebody you aren't. . , If you are a man, be a gentleman and pay the check at the end of the evening. If you are a woman, offer to pay your half of the check (but don't insist!).

e o

107

Communication 6C DREAMS Student B Last 11 iglu you drea med about these thi ngs. Prepare to te ll A about your dream.

BA WHAT SHOULD I DO? Student B a

Li sten to A's problem I. Gi ve him ! her advice. Begin w ith o ne of the phrases below. I thin k you should.. .

You shou ldn 't ..

I do n't thin k you should ..

b Read your proble m I to A . He I she wi ll give you some ad vice. Problems 1 I sha re an apartment with a friend, but he / she never does the dishes! 2 I want to take my boyfriend / girlfriend somewhere realty special on Saturday night. 3 I need some new clothes for a wedding, but I don't know what to buy. 4 I think I'm getting a cold - I have a headache and a cough. S My sister always borrows my clothes, and when I want t o wear them, they're dirty.

c Thank A a nd say: T hat 's a good idea . OR T ha nk s, bu t th ar's not a ve ry good id ea because .. . d Co ntinue wirh problems 2- 5. b

You are a p syc hoa nalyst. Li sten ro A's drea m. umber the things be low in the o rd er he I she talks about t he m.

D Taking a bath - you have a secret that nobody knows abo ut.

o Dogs -you are look in g fo r fri ends. o Losi ngh a ir -yotl are goi ng to lose some o money.

Lost luggage - a probl em you have will soon get better.

D c

A river - you are going to be very lucky.

Now usc the information in b to interpret A's dream.

Useful language First, you dreamed about... This tells me that... This means you are going to ... This represents ...

9A WOULD YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO? Student B a

Rea d rhe an swers ro In t h e co u ntr y.

In the country 3 Theanswer is c. lfyou tie a bandage or a piece of material above the bite, this will stop the po ison from getting to your heart too quickly. However, be careful not to tie it too tightly. You shouldn 't put ice or anything cold on the bite because this w ill make it more diffic ult to get t he poison out later, and never try to suck out the poison. If it gets into you r mouth. it might go into your bLood. 4 The answer is b . lf yo u are lucky, the bull will change directi o n to foLLow the hat or bag and give you t ime to escape. It doesn 't matter what color the shirt is. Bulls don 't see color-they only see movement . Don 't try t o run away be cause bulls can run incredibly fa st, and you shouldn't shout or wave yo ur arms because this will attract the bull 's attention even more .

b Liste n to A tell you abou t In the city. C heck your a nswe rs. d C ha nge roles. Now A is a psychoana lys t. Tell him I her abollt yo ur drea m. A wi ll tell yo u w hat it means.

~ast night, J dreamed about ice-cream. .. 108

c Te ll A a nd C rhe right a nswe rs for In the cou n try and w hy t he other o nes are wron g.

cl Li sten to C reil you about In t h e water. Check your answe rs.

lOA PASSIVES QUIZ Student B a Complel(, you r ~C11lcnc('s w ith the H~rh in llH,' p3 s~i"" Jnd the right :I!ISlI'er.

l2A WHAT HAD HAPPENED? Student B Look JI thce\"t'n numbe red scnrences(2.4. 6. tl. 10, a nd I 2) and t h ink of I h e rn iss ing ,·cTb (lE " aftl rmali,"!;!

(invem) by... I\pple h "'okia c lijM 2 TheLfJNo!tht>Rill8Sm,wit's __ (direcr)b> .. . The SmarlphOl1e _ _

' ·crb, .~ " m:gath·e verb). I1nn't write anylhing re t!

Diana w3S ,·ery angr ), bl'cau<;e her husband hadn 't cooke d th" dinner. 1 W,· we lll back to ~ the h"u~" he.re we "hen we wen: .. hiI<Jr ~I1. B:: J Hc cou ldn·t catch the plane because hI.· had forgulI c n hi. passpn.t. .. I he houS{' ... a~\·er) diny IJ.ccau~ nobody it for a 10Hglime. r+ 5 W,· "'cm back w the hotel where we had stayed on nur honeymoon. /> The c rocodik" as hung.y b.:,·ause i, _ anything for twO days._After I left Ill<' Store . I ~udMnl)" .ememlx-r«l thal I h adn ' t p a id for the jade' . 8Irantothetrain,tation.bu(thelasttrain _ _ • 9 l\aomi \\a~ surpri sed 10 hear Ihal she h a d passed thcc;{JtlI. 10 I didn·, want 10 lend Ma.ia ,h.. book becau<e I __ il. 3 11 Jack wa~ ang r)· bl'cansl' I ha tln 't inv it e d him In mypany. 12 They got to t h" movie Ihea"'. lale. and the mo,·ic _ _ .'l

a 5U,'\'('n Spielht,rg

b lam", CamcrQll c Pett'r lad: .... m 3 Th.-bookrhal (~t("al)mostoflcnrronl 1ihraric~ is ... a The Killl" b Tllr G ,.i,,,,rs.< Hook of Records

c rlw L(I.d I)flll<' Ri"lls -+ In the world, 10,000 babies _

a '''l'ry~cond

.5 (;h",_.

h c\"c ryhouT

(born) ... <: c\('ryday

_ ([n\,em) hr··

a Ihe egyptialls b the Iml;,ms c the Chi nt'st 6 The first Lt'"i icans _ _ (wear) b> .. . a miners b farmcr~ c cowbo)~ 7 Soccer firSI _ _ <pla»b)., lhe Greek~ a the Br ili~h b the Romans (buy) b~" . S In 1962. the original London Bridge a a rich A Illerican

a Ilm<CUllI

c the Ropl family b Listen 10 A"s sc1lfcn cc~. Say ifh(' f she is right . A's a ns wers Lmil166-1 ~t'W York W3~ c31lctl Nc" Arns,eNi3m. 2 The .\ /lIT \l'lIrs mo' ies were direCled h} George I .UC3~ . .3 The noon Ihal i_ used most frl'qul'1l1Iy in conH'rs.nion iSlim... .. Pl'ngu i ns are found al Ihe SOUl h Pole. .i The Italian nag was de~igned by NafK'leon. 6 Thefirstce1lphoneswcf"soldinl,!IU. 7 The politician Win_IOn Chu~hilJ wa~ Iwrn in a reMTtJ'..un. 8 The eleCTric chair" as invenled b)· a dl·ruisl. c

Read your Sl'tlIe nces to A . A ... iIIlell ,·ou if ,ou are righT .

b Li'lcn 10 A saysemencc 1.lfit·s(hesameas I above. say -Thar"srigln.- If not, say ~Tr) again- umil A gel~ it right. c

Rcad seme nce 2 to A .lrit"~ nm right.lry again umil A tells yon -Thal ·~ riglll .- I hen" rile in Ihe verb.

d Continue (a\':ing !Urns wilh

sen(enle~ .\- 12.

2C SAD ENDING 2 J 4 .l

Wh )' did,,·, H ~""ah ~ce t he man \\"h<> was (Tossi "g the ,n"e!? What happen,·d? Wh"r~ did she go then and what did she dn? Who arri,ed OIl he. h.. u>c tWO hour~ laler? \\·hat ne\\"~ did she ha,·e for Ilannah?

6 HO', "as Jam ie? 7 \\' ha, did .he tdl H,mna h abo,," (h" ,,;or ~nd the d.i,·cr' 8 Whal happened in the end?

109

Communication 12C GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ Student B

SB THE FRIENDLIEST CITY Student C R~ad about what h~ppencu ... h<:11Tim used the three tes tS in ROlllt'. Try l<\ rcmembc r tilt' illform~tion.

a Compicte your quest ions Wilh f h~ "crh in pa rt'lll h",cs ;n I hI.' si mple paSI.

Rome

Who Pn.. ~i,Jcru Qf lh,- CS d Slu y('ar~ afe.' r his falher had h«n the LS Ilrl'~ilknl ? (Ix-will,,)

The photo tesl I asked a very chic woman who was wearing sunglasses 10 take some photos. She took a pho to of me witll my hat on and IlIen wit hout my hat. Then another photo with my sunglasses. Then she asked me to take a photo of lIer!

a Kill Clin(on b John F. Kcnll('d~'

c Gcorgc Bush 2 Who ___ ,he pan n( lh" mo ll,,:r in Ihe

The shopping test I bougllt a newspaper from a ne wstand near tile train station. It was three euros. I gave the man four euros, and he didn't give me (lny dl(1n ge.

"'""""a M;a? (play) a Mcr yl Slre ... p 11I0\' ie

b )ulin Il(}hcrt~ Sandra Bullo ck .3 Wh ich tenni~ pla)"r Wimbledon five yc;trS in a row between 200.\ and Z007? (" in) a Roge r Fedcrcr b Ra fal.'l t'\ ad al c Nmak Djokolk .. Who _ _ [hc~iMincChapel ? {painl) a Lco na rdod a Vinci b Mi chclangclo 0: Raphacl 5 Which In", il' _ __ dCI'Cll (hear .. in ZOO.3? (win)

The aCCident test I we nt to (I busy street near tile train station. When I f elt down, about eight people immediately hurried to help me.

lJ.c KiI(IJ~SI'<·"'},

b Tlrr QIleell 0: Th r. R ClUrll llf tlre Kil18

to Who ___ a wooden hor.;,;: 10 enl er Ihe cil~' IIf1 TtJ~? (use)

a Ih e Greek s b the Romans c the I'c r.jan. 7 Which l':l lllousboxe r w fi)!luinlhe Victnam w~r in 1967' (refu~e) J M uham mad Ali h JUl' Fradn ( Sugar I~ay Robin,,)Jl 8 WhO ___ lhe Idl'phon e? (inll·m ) a \ ia r<.:on; b Bell ( Slt'ph.. n ~

b Ans wc r A\ ques tions. c As l; A your ,t uc~l i<lns. Gin' yOtJt pannt'T Olll' pOint for each c,.rTcct an s wer. Who gOt the mOSt right answers?

I . ;~t"n 10 A

In ),ou r ()\\ n words, , ... 11A anu R " hat happened in Rom ....

and 6 ,...11 yOIl "hat hapllc ned in Lo ndon and Paris.

~iI"S f, he used the phot o test_. d Together (h:ciue which of ,h .. cili<;,s is ,he friendlies t SQ far.

9A WOULD YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO? Student C a Read the an sw~r~ to In t he wate r. In the water S The answer is c . If a Jellyfish stings you, you shCHJld clean the sting with vinegn because this stops the poison. IfyCHJ don't hive any Vinegar, use oce(ln water. But don 't use fresh water, for example water froma tap or miner.t water. because this will make the sting hurt more. Andyou shouldn't Nb the sting because this will make it worse. too. After you hive wnhed the sting, you should clun off any biU of tentacles that are onyourskin. And take a pain kille rl 6 The Inswer il a , lf you are nur the shore and the shark is not t oo close, you can probably swim to the shore without attracting it s Itte nt ion. Fo r th is reuon it is important to swim smoothly and not splash 0' m. ke sudden movements. Kee ping st lU Is dange rous because if the shirk swims in your d irection, it will see you . nd it will attack you . Don't shout because shouting will provoke thl shark and it will.luck you.

b Listtn to A and B tell you Ihe a ns wers in rhe mhcr ....,ctinn, ( I n the city a nd In th e cou nt ry). C heeJ.: your an swer •. c Tl'tl A and 13 Ih~ ri ght an swe rs for In th", wa t er and '" her onl'S a rt wron 1<.

"h~

Ihc

1 DESCRIBING A PERSON a Read Charlic's ('mail. Tht! ctJlIIlllltCr has found ten misr<l\a:~. They art'~, ~, or ~ misrakc~. CJJl YOIl cor rect them? From: To: SUbje~l :

Ctlarlit (oa,eacarlo$Ol'>Qlm,il.o:om) L.ucy (1ucya1home19890yahoo.com] Hi tram M.ideo

Hi Luey,

•

My name's Charlie. Well, il's really Carlos , bul everyone calls me Chartie. I'm (rom Mexico City, and I ~ve a\ home WIth my parents and my dog. ~, and I'm in college. I'm SI.\!SIiQQ physics. I'm in my last year, and I really like it. I'm going 10 tell you aooul myself. As you can 5(1(1 irom the 1Q!9:. I have black hair and bc.QyIQ! eyes. My father always says I have a big nose, but I don't think so. I think ifs a nice nosel I think I'm a positive pefSOIl. My ~ say I'm funny and ifs lrue. I fike making people laugh. But I ~ serious 100 when I need to be! I d9r!1 have ~ Iree time ~ when I'm not in class. I have 10 do projects or write rapofts. But when 1 can, I like watching TV series. espedally

sclencelicfion series and comec:lies. I watch Ihem in

with IWbtitles.

I also like playmg computer games like World 01 Warcralt and $Iarcrafl.

Please write soon and tell me about you and your hfe.

Best wishes.

1L Charlie -_ _ _ ___

...

__ _

.. _ _ _•

h R~ad thc cmail again from th~ hcginning. Th~n co'·cr it and aMwt!r th" 'lUl"tions (rom mtmory.

2 J 4 !j 6 7

Where'~ Ch;nli .. from~ What·s his rtal nam ..? WhudO("shcli,·ewilhWhal d"e ~ h" do ? Whatdocs he look like? What"s h~ Ill,,? What arc hi s (a,·orite free -tinK· ani\"i1 ies?

Write a similar ~tllajl alx>ut rOil or ;1 pe rson you know. Write (om parallraphs. Paragraph 1

name. l"Ia t lonaitty. age, famil0

Paragraph 2

physical appearance

Paragraph 3

personat,"",-,-_ __

__~+~= k "="":o''---__ ." I

IParagraph 4

hobbies and interests

d Check your cmail (or mi,takcs (~, ~.and~ ) .

..c: p.7

Writing

2 MY FAVORITE PHOTO

One of f~vorite photos is this one of me and my sister, Christy. My dad took the photo the spring of 2011 when we were vacation with our f amily _ _ New York City.

We were at a place called 8ryan! Park. tt's a pretty falllOlA park behind the New York City Pvblic Library midtown Manhattan. We were standing in front of the Josephine Shaw Memorial Fountain, throwing coins in the water and mak ng wishes. My dold W.H telling us all about the history of the fountain--it was the first fou~tain in New York City dedicat ed t o a woman . When my dad took the photo, my sister and I werejVS1 jumping im<.l

'''''''';ng _

the

fountain and being silly.

I love this photo beuuse it's happy, and it rem inds me of Cl great day in the city. I have I~e photo a frame and my computer with other photos New YCKk City.

a Match the qu"'lions with paragraph, 1-5.

L :J :l

l.J C

Wha t was happeing when yo u took the photo7

112

d ehI'd: y... ur desc ripti ... n for mi stakes ()I, .. ", mar. punctuat io n. and ~rcl lin g). /\lIach a wpy o f tht' photo if you can. ShU\\

Where do you kee p it? Why do you like it? What 's you r favori tl! photo7 Who took it1When7 Where7

b l.omplt'te the lext with ill. "f You can keep a photo_ in an album. on yoor wallet. your bedroom. a frame.

Oil,

Write aoom you r fa\'orite phuw. Answer (he in a in the r ighl order.

que~tions

your descripti, ,,, to another -rudcnl.]S Ihe photo .. inll lar in a ny way 10 yours? or QNlltlll/. -0(

the wall. a table. your phone. your computer,

your bed.

p.15

3 AN INFORMAL EMAIL

From'

a Om:!r is J Studelll from Peru" ho's going to s'ud~· English in the US. He\ going 10 St 3.), with a family. Read 1ht' cmai1 (rom Mrs. Barncs and complete it whh cxpn'ssions (rom rhl·li,t. Best wishes Dear Omar

Emily Ba,...,]6arnes Oh01m9il.com]

To: KiN ...... ]omare5pinosaOyahoo.com] SlIbtec I: You. trip

I~hank

you

10-'-"-'-'-' -, m-ail. We're very happy that you're comin~

10 Slay wilh liS thiS summer. arid we're sure you're going to enjoy your stay With US.

Whal ~me are you arriving al Newar!< Airporl1 1t you send us)'OUr IIIght number and arriva! time. we can all meet you in lhe arrivals area. Can you send us your cell phone number, too?

P.S. Looking forward t o he"ring f rom you

b Rl'ad Ihe email again and an swer The qUI'SI iOlls.

I When j, OmaT comi ng 10 the US?

2 How is he travcling? ] Wh" is going 10 me/'! him allhc airport? 4 [)~s()marha,-closhaream"m? 5 Does LookinajoTII'llrd 10 hCIl"lIgfrom ),ou mean ... ? a I hup\" you write again SOOll.

Could you also give us some other inlormation? What day are you going back to Peru? Is there anylhing you can't eat or drink? Do you want your own room, or would you like to snare a room With another stuclent? Is there anything special you would like 10 do or see in the US?

• '--Emily Bame5 • I'm at1aching a photo of lhe family recognize us althe airporU

so you can

b I'm going 10 Wrile 10 yOIl again »<Xln .

6 Does P.S. mean. .. a This isn', n'ry imponam i nror malion. b I filrgvi IQSJ), Ihi s before.

7 Why doe~ ~'I rs. [3arn",s ~nd Om3. a phOlO?

c Imagine y.J\I arc going to Slay with ,\1 ••. Barn es. Answer her cmail using yOUT own informa li.)n. Wrile three pa ragra ph ... End the elllail wit h lies/ willIes :lnd rour name.

I Pllrllgrllph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3

Thank her for her emaii. Say when you are I An5wer

arr jvj~

her other quest iOfl",'c'__

d C heck your email for mi'lah's (gum mar. pllnCTll<lfion. and

~ pc]] i llg).

-c: p.23

Writing

c Write a dc~cription of the place where you live. Write five paragraphs. Answer the ques tions in b in the right order, Fir't, make not{\~ on [he 'juestion, in b_

4 DESCRIBING WHERE YOU LIVE a

Read the ttxt ;md complete it with these word,. area city food historiC modern nature population rivers weather

What's it famous for?

W h~t 's the weathe r li ke?

d Check your em~il for mistakes (grammar, punctuation . and spelling), Show your description w other students in vnur cbss, Which place that you read alwur \\'ou ld you m"q like to visit?

What's th e best thing ~bout it? Do you li~e living there?

..( p.39

Wh ~t'5 four hometown li ke? Wha t is there to see there?

Where do you live? Where is it? How big is it?

b MJtch the (Illest ions with paragraphs 1- 5.

I We in Kayseri, which is an important 'city in Central Anatotia in Turkey. It has a 2_ _ __ of over 1,000,000 people, It's near the famous Cappadocia l ,50 there are a lot of tourists in the summer, Kayseri is one of the richest cities in Turkey because it has a lot of industry, It is a university town, and there Me also many ., ____ buildings. for e~ample Kayser; Castle, Hunat Hatun Mosque, and the Grand Bazaar around Cumhuriyet Square. with Its famous statue of Ataturk. But Kayseri also has 5 residential areas full of luxury apartment buildings, shopping malls. and stylish

The 6 in Kayseri IS typOcal of the Middle Anatolia region, Winters are cold and snowy - great for skiing - and summers are hot and dry_It sometimes rains in tne spring and fall

Kayse "i is famous for it5 mountains, Mount Erciyes is the symbol of the city and it has a weU- known ski resort, and on Mount Ali there are national and iotematw;mal paragliding championships_ It's also famous for its? _ _ _ and has many local specialities like p(lstirma, which is dried beef with spOce5, and rronti, which is a kind o f Turkish ravioli,They're delicious!

What I like best about Kayseri is that we are so close to 8 , When I'm tired of city life, I can easily get out and enjoy the mountainS, g waterfalls, and therma l spas, which are only a short distance away,

5 A FORMAL EMAIL From; Ryou Yamada [yamadar9980yalloo.CQ.jp[ To: Beaeon Intensive Language Schooj [lnlo0BILS.edu) Subject Inlormalion abOut courses

Dear Sir ' Madam. I am writing to ask lor information about your language courses. I am especially interested in an intensive course of

IWO or three weeks. I am 31, and I work in the library althe UniverSIty 01 Tokyo. I can read English Quite well. bul I need 10 improve my ~stening and speaking.

I have looked at your website, but thole is no informatiOn

abou! intenSive courses next summer. Could you please send me information about dales and pri<:es? I would also like some informal ion about accommodations. If possible, I would like 10 Slay with a family. My wile is going 10 viSit me for a weekend w he n I am al the school. COl/Id she stay wilh me at the same family's home?

I look 100ward 10 hearing from you. Sincerely, Ryou Yamada

Re3d Ihl' cmail m .. la nguage .;;,,;hotll. (,hed. (/ ) Iht qUe"j'''b Ihat Ryon w~nrs rhe s(:hool to an""cr.

Ho" much do lhecourSCSCOSl? \\lhen do llle' ~Ol1h('~ "~n "nd "nd'

::J

Ilu\\' many ~ r l1dem~ are rhere in a claÂŤ? A re I hcre busim'$S English classc.?

Whn" can I ~I ay? Where~relheltachcrsfrom?

h I.ook .lIthe highlighted l'"xpressions. I low would they Iw di(ferem in an informal cmail (or ll'trcr)~

~<:~:r

Informal

Read thc ad, erti~clllcnt~ and ch<lOse a cour...c. Think n( or thrÂŤ (Iuntions you wou ld like to ask.

TWO

d Wrire a form~11 cmail asking for infor mat ion. Wri, ... TWO paragraphs.

I Madam.

Paragraph 1

IlIm writing I would like I look forward to hea ring from you . Sincerely.

Paragraph 2

ExplaIn why you ilre wr~ 'ting. and gIve some perS0!l31 Informalion. Ask your Quest ions. and ask lhem to send you information.

c CIH'c \.: your tlllail for mistakes (gramma r. punctuation. and .. pelling). <01{

p_57

Writing

6 A BIOGRAPHY a

Ke dd 11'l: hiogra phr o(Norah J''''~5 . T hen co,er t he text and try TU rCIlH'mhcr th ree things aoom her.

b I'ullllc verbs in paremheses in the simple past or presellt ~ r fcc!.

Writi ng a biography ~ use of t enses If you wTlte Cl bIOgraphy of iI person who is

dead, the verbs will all be in the simpl. pas t . If the person is alive. ell finished actions will be in the simple pes t (such as the person's

early life, e.g" was bom, went to college, ete.. or specific actions in their life, e.g" got married, moved to another town, etc.). However. you must use the present perfect for unfinished actIOns that started in the past and are still true now (and which might dlartge), e.g., She has won nine Grammy awards. She has appeared in sever81 movies.

use the simple pres ent {or prese nt cont inuous] to talk about the present day, e.g., She lives in New YOfk. She's working on a new album.

c Write ,1 b i ,,~ rJphr of '<Ome-one ) <>u know. or of a fanlOU ~ person. who is s till alilÂˇc. Wr ite threc pa rag raphs. Mak e not.:-s before you begin.

F phl

Paragraph 2

where and when t hey were born. t heir early life (simple past) th eir life as a young adult (mostly simple iÂťstl

pi!lri!lgC,c, cc,:-i ph their later Ufe and their life now (SImple past. present peffect. Simple present I preseflt _~,~,,=ntlnuo~'C':J__

d Check yOll r biography for mist ake s (g ra mmar. punctuat ion. and ~ pdJing). Show you r biogn phy to other ~tudent s in rh.:- class. Which of your classmate~' biographies is the most interc~t i ll g?

...( p.73

Nora h Jones ora h Jones IS an America n Singer-songwriter and ac tress She lw.u.bOm_ (b e born) in 1979 in New York City. Her father is Ravi Shankar. a famous Indian sit ar player. and her mother is the concert producer Sue Jones. In 1986. her parents z (sepui!lte) and later gOt divorced. and Norah went to live in Te)(as With he r mot he r.

_ _ (b e ) interested in music all her life . When Norah J she was young. she played the sa Kophone and she was in two different choirs. She ~ (go) to the Univer sity o f North Texas to study jazz piano. and wh ile she was there she 5 (m ee t ) Jesse Ham s. She s tarted a band wi th him a year later, and since then they ti (wo rk) together on many d ifferent prOJects. In 1999, s he 7 (move) to New York City. and 10 2001 she Signe d a co ntra ct with Blue No te Records. Since then she ' _ _ _ (m a ke) nve al bum s. and th ey have all been very successful. She ~ _ _ _ {win} nine Grammy awa rds and ha s sold over 37 miUlon i!llbu ms worldwid e . She h as also appeared in several movies. indu ding My Blueberry Nights. She has been in only on e rela tionship. with Le e Alex ander. but they 10__ __ (b re ak up) in 2007. She still live s 10 New York. Right now she IS work ing on a new album.

7 AN OPINION ESSAY

Read the ;Held\: ,me." 00 yOIl .. gr ...... wi lh \\ h:u it says?

Read the arlicle again and cnmple!c the blanks wilh a word or ph ra, ... from Ihe list. Use capital k1t ... r, \\ here n«essa n ·. finally firstly fOf example thirdly in my opinion instead to contlude

You are going 10 writr an art icle called ;'Thc rc

arc 100 many reality shu ws un TV", Do yuu agree? Wi th a pa rtne r decidr if you ag ree or not . and Ihi n k of thrc.:: nf four rea~un ~. Every lime! turn on the teleVIsion. I'm su re 10 find a sports

d Wril'" th... article. Write fnur o r five paragraphs.

show on one of t he channels. If I change channels, there will probably be a sports show or Cl sports report on other channels, too, especial ly on the weekend. lln my opinion there are definitely too many sports shows on TV for the following reasons. 2 • If you compare Sports wit h ot her TV shows, sports com pletely domina te . The on ly t ime you can watch mOl'nings or afternoons. This is not fair to people who like

_ _ dramas. polilca l shows.

Or documentaries. Secondly, th e sports shows on TV are nOI only the important

games. Every week they show boring games from college and even high school diVISions. • I also believe that, on the weekend. most people want to relax in front of the televISIon. Many people, including me. don't like sportS. arid prefer to see good movies or funny comedy shows.

Write an introduction. You can adapt the introduc t ion in the model article. Say if you agree or not.

Middle paragraphs

Give your reasons. Begin the paragraphs wit h Firstly. secondly. (Thirdly.) and Finally.

Last W,ite a conclusion (this should be 11 paragraph summary of what you wflte in the _ _ _ _~ middle paragraC'C"O "C . _ _ _ __

talk shows or game shows or soap operas is on weekday other kinds of TV shows, l

Paragraph 1

Check you r article for llI i~ l al ...s (gr;llll mar. punct uation. and ,p... ll ing). Show your article 10 nther .. tudents i n the class. 1'10\\ lIIany uf yuu r classmates agree wit h you? 1(1)\\ many disagree?

--C: p.85

S , I think that even on news programs there IS too much in form ation abou t sports. It is very annoying when they talk about sports for hours every day. especially when there are more important thIngs happening In Ihe world. S , I t hInk TV should show fewer sport s shows. espe<:ially on the weekend. ' . it should show ot her kinds of shows and more movies. On news programs t hey should ta lk aoout importan t thi ngs t ha t are happening in the world. nol about spo rts.

Writing

111

Listening 14)))

,t.. flrtl kmpt<> ...., ... "1<-... ,,,,",, ,,'O, ,..., b< ..., """",..u...,bo" ""_,.. f..,. "" ..... J!. boo I 'buuj:ht Iw ..... uI&< 11.' .............."Oil .. l~;"~. I ~.II!,· M ..... hiMl tkw .. .-m........ I'""~ ...... b< bo.h '-.:n-JOOd ...,....,(""..-. t~ .. orb fO.. T\ .... ..... , ....1h< ,old"". "" '" ~ »ori., .""", b"

.,.,n;•

....... ~. H...... 1"" mo"",<d in r.... """"h",~ ••,

",d n,u,i<. ,od wo ,. ll ",l. 1..>< . 1•.-.. " ,I", 'W", h ', ".,d ,0 ..'" ,,'h). lie ..,", "I) "d d" l , ... V<'~$oo.J.I""l: ln~ .• OO " M'

Pill .;nll!" how,,"', « , 11, nO>

.... h..J. D~" ,,",lohol, ''''''0 ju," ..... n·. in, c....... i,.. '.' bn .........,-1 ,<1111< imagi .... go<"It'" I, ""' ... , ...... 'h. , ...... '" ..-joh him-Iv: ••• fri<n<l ~" , ....... bul no.

15 )>>

\\ hen I fir......-Oh,·.. , I ,oo..~", .... "'""',-d,,-urn ..... (,""",1),,00 """"'., "",,,,,. rhn .'1.10",,",1.. I Le ,"'. ",11 .. ilh <J.o" ""' ........ i•. • !Id h. h.d .",.. inN [,I ... ~.« kind ofli", 'h< "", .... R"n

i",

Go.Ii"~.

fk ...-" l:i nd of ,h,. , od ~ui<l " I ~"' ...... " " .. '''''cd "l l: in~ h. ",I".d.• "d ". r""nd

... h.d , ..... 0/ ,b;lg> in,..,." " ",,, ". h."h li k. hnn!< • • nd "",,'I<. II~ ., •• W'.,.""". '''''-"" f"""w'",hinA, I.~~I~".,*.."""",, ,","Cning. \\ Iwft ;, U' ,im< .!l.N fOr "" pIovI>o- ".",I,o< •• M ",id 10< .·.111«1 10 ........ ~>'n. \\" ".llnI " ... <of.II< . 00 i0oi. fO, > .. ,t \ .... 'h.~..,....hin~lo.l'I"" . o«I •• nd I k_·.Iu. it ...", iml'0..ibl . ...... ..... ", ';,h hlm.ll. »id

....n'«I''''''"'

,n "" "" • .',..w'.'" ",n, '"

·~ln. II,':" .nd ' ''''''' """

11''''''' ..

.I"'"k .... <iB ...." ..· n... "."

h. I <""Id n,," h,n' ",.... f<ieoo "'h<> .. ~>. ,",,,k,,. I ' hln\' m. ) b< fo, "." .<xi d,,,·!'., ~'''''~ IOCI>oo« ,h. m.n "') ,..Jf. I dnn·, 'hlnk ."",,,,", I""",,n "" ••• 11) .h.", ••• ro""'" f, .. )""'

204 ))) M. fMfI M" Cl.lrlr ....i hN"y l . b~· 1nl" D., ,d I lod .......M •. " .... o.idcr«I '" bot""".~· ,h< , ...... " 8 •• i", ",i nti"g,of,,,," ~Ooh ""'.'Y I, ""","M«I in I'/·I .•...! it". . port •• i, (I(, ....,ofhl, (, .. ..cb. 0."" Clotl.n<l h" .. ito (.cli, .• ...! , boon ,'",

)""r, 0 ..;,- Cb.1 .o>J ("ell. ,,·ott I.,hion '''' ''S'''''.

• nd 'hO" hooo,l . .. " ''''co,,(..1,·I<.o<Iw, ,,, ... in L"nJ .. n. I" ,h. )'/1)<.1 •• ,h... d•• ".<I • ~~ ,.r,h, (,"'''''' 1"'1' "", 01 ,h. , i n". i"duoit"I h. R"'li.~

',,,n.,,.o>J C.i< 0.1"'"' I100l "", I""n '" O"i •• nd Celi • • f... ,,"""h, ,(.... ,IK> ~.... m."i<d in ,hci •• p.trl " ..... " r-<1t'ing I ItU ,n I ,_n. Ho~n.'" ,n ,I.. "

,...."

_room

b...,.~,," "" I;~"'" ''''' IiJbt ,bm •• rd "" ,h< ,...U ....

,boo ... (, of,he "'Indow,,,,, ,an.,.. "'" olblo .....·n

""n,,,,p.

9 r,.... tV ;...-fM... ;.l,. .,od (. f....

• i,,,h •• hi~h. ,.Ik ,...... plr"

".,rI", '..-rie.l ",,,,h.,

..... ,he I... 1960" C.li.:l ;, .... >rin'. lon~ cl .. " •• ".1 In f.n ,I .... ., <>1"""i"8' b.b,· .. 'h" ,i" ... H« h",I"",, [",., w<" .. i n ~ ,n, ,Jw.-,. ",d h,,·, ro"ing hi, (,,' I", .. ,boo,,~. Thi,,. .. he<>u« 1100~"'" h..J • kM ol problr"" l"i"'i"l hi' fN' 11.lu" ,,,,,Id"·, It'"',lwtn,iih , H"d....,· .....J,h". h" ..", .. i,b 'hi' p.t;n'in~ ..... 11' ro'''' •he rd.,..,.)o,p bott .. «n ,he '''0 1""'1'1< ·... J;,io<ulh ... hr" • ro''''~' roi .... .... , ri<d "",pi. ,Iw .. ....., •• i•• in' .... _'n.Dd ,boo m.,,;, "".,hn~ up, In

,hi, ",i"';",. 'h< man [. ,,' ""~.Iod ,n.

'h, "',,""'" i ••",di ng. L ,",Ih , • • I'"i""n~ " ,.. "",J coop!. ioe""" "'II'·,h". h", In ,hi. p>in<in8

,.d<><.

' hO)' . .... p" ' ''< b)". h i~ o)'<n" "'h kh .)'mOOIi .., , h< ,1;"[1ne< ""' ..wn ,"'·m. Tboo .. h i,. "" .• i"ln~ ...., .\I . (:tork. iu.,·n,bol .. fi"r.ld i,)' h

118

" 'Iwft I gu "" ,·.. I .. an' '~h< 'n",f~ ...1>1c Tboo rI .. <"' .. h< .... !<"c" .... n"d IQ .. O< ...... " ' ..... ""<;" .. '" h.ad ,"<'r)....1I rooms. TII< ...•....... h,ft~ ........., , ...... botng in> ,."..,. """'"....- .. "b

ofl>«.l ........... f.... i' •. ~he .. id. '10"•• " .... '""ful poi"""~. \0<0, " ...k" me i0oi< too boo" '.-'n 1'1'/(>. ... <m, li,. ,hi. pil;,.,," ...., I"in'''' • 0" ... n •• k died 11,,, .. "'""... ""11')' hi. ",,"or In hi< 1,.",lnJ"'" 'p.nm,n'.

A............ 'h'n_!d~In... ,"~ .......... I.... 1I'" ,.try jo_Ioou,. \\ boo" ,..,., ... 'rIl"Cli"ll.l"n "I ,he fun ;,. .. I~,,'ll '''OIh<-, ,,-,<. '<. bu, .... h.o«I ~ ii l .. ll '" ,u",,,,", 1"'1"".••!.,d.. lly .... h.T men. \o>J ,he" he lTI" " ' in~ I"""<o'! Ilund"d. o( , hem. ht:f)· ,imo ,,' ....... monum.", he .. id . "G" ••cl ",nd "'.." ' .... re..., I"n take , photo." 11o.,~ ""I"K In r hoo..",

..•

f._, "",ut<"

r"" .(""

26 »)) \I) "." .... )en"..lidl""'i.ll,,· •• ,,,1 "",k in

r-....

\ M. 1"", ,he .,..... or ..... or of • ""'ll'..... ".Ji<d

.',.lo.CI,........

I"", "", ... h..,.,.1 v,..."" .....

otr.,. '" I ",tdnn '" h'D """".bow ,Iw ",,,~,.n'

Inlft.he .... "'fO'".!,:.&nw!O·C""..... I~ kM, of rn<"<1;DI' " i,h hi... vi' '........... ,\M ......n 1nl d,n ......... m, bonhd,)·_. '<r<"'''-' ~h Rub \I ·.I~ ... H"'''rl<(I(,hc ..·ri1<'n "" 'hg«"'"' \\~ ...." .i~ln .... in~, I O'"C. lid"", Rub 00) , ,h",! H...... fun ,0 I.. "'I,h, Ili l ed him .1 .... 1,hi" . 1.. lik"" RI>/> i'n·, ,he ""'" """,·,, .. 11"""''" in ,he .. <><1<1. bu, he l •• B'''' ...lI,", \\'. '"' ,,'" him '0 .."0<\; ,... ,h ..... y""," DLI~""""O< ~""""h,_.nd )oo.~"""'1 'i<> _ R...b·,."",ing.G1o.o..·1orLl h< .. ~.I.,. ,,. .."' .... ;,. 1"."."&,,, bot_ .... ,." Oft him 'ViD

.i_.

1';",

'''e ,,,,,,,.

"".I><1'<')·O'.... ;D:<I ... \.".~,", .. .. n"b "'.h.l... ' ..... ,.. boo h<-t<. h', ... lI,· .",i, ln~,

len ny And""".,,,,... """~I' R .. b 1...

r" ... ~I)">"mi"..II)'

""'.

I,'"n)' [")~ "(~, h..'e. good "i.", flO'" )'''''' rnnm~ n ub I"n ... "'" cf Qlh<-, builJi"~', 1"""""", ) m g«,n~ t" """" )"'" ."",nd ,,,," nU ",,,.nd In<n.oJ.,., ,."" ,he lO.m. Iooki"i fo." ..,1 '" rn,'" in,,_. \'00 .. n","~"' •. Ihl1»". m, 00-.] Rob Oh .. ".h.<"",

"""t

0.."".,.,

f~nnf ~nod ,hen '''''''.n"." ,b",ki"l'houo ~" bi<'It.nd ,he ,""'",n. I b,. )'''' 11"' ..... id,.. '''. Rnb'

Rob'

R o b Wh"'$vt'y.l<"n)".

I.' nn) I',.,., m"" .." ..,,) ,i,t"d R " b y".! ,m' bi' \Vh., "m< i< i , no .. '1 I<""y I'·.nl"" ..·d.... l. Rob "<I,,,. ",M k'Th., ', , ....., o·, ..... ~ '" 'h< morn"'~ (or no< I<nn)' I .(, lini'" "''' d" nl.. 1"", .""" '" "''''

Rob

I ~ .....

)..,.,."'.igh,

"rr."... e ....... ,.'h<

mor"i"&11.010 ",.In.H' I< nny 1,,10.. 0 )0,. '

""'! (,iond if )",,'.. _ I,·, ... " "'''''. di..

", ... aton... ,he rdlfi<>n>hip.

",,!

35 1)) Li " d. Oh. i, .......'l>n<knul ,..., ioQ. I 10>-..1 '"""Y minu«1 (.<»,. Ri" i. po .. d,.. \\, did ..·<rythlnll _ "'< ..'<n, "" • Lipl",. """. '" diJ . 11 kintl, <>if,," "". " ", i"i, i~' .• ,od ". 10",1

ju>t'

""n•

.""'i "~ "",I,. ,",,,I l"" k"",,·... ~').""" ")" h.. C"", )t,e.;, "I"',,,i,· •• bu, Ididn·, 'hlnk I, .... . it .. ·.... ).n ,,)'<n';'" "''''ion ...11. I 'hou ..... ' i, ..... r''''~ " .......\010: \\ ••1I1l'-" .luttg ...) .. ,11 I 'h,"~ I"m JUing ,...... IQ<'">< '" )"' ....1" ..... , , .... ,h.., .... "" .... '200.' .... .g>i" """ ,,-It

"'1:"'''''''

I<nn, 0<>0,·,10<1,,.,

,h.....,. I., I''''' tu,.... )"" .~.'n.

I~.b. l ... ,.,"." ...... )"". ""'.

" l

\I ;. h .."',."'.I....... ,IWr, .... ' ..... I' .... "wf... lo:. I m<.D! .....,..,j ... g«'" n.,iI. nd...... 1k..... 1101<>" I.. ', ", ,ha Idido', ..,I.,. .... n', .. b.. u ... ""', "I......"hir "'i'~ foe· ... od , h. , .. ,,, .... ju" ,,,,,,,.d "".. differ,n.,,·o "'. !1~ I.. i,."d m, .11 ,h< ,im<. 11, ...·'n'...! """) in .... me .<>n~ ch<-.p 1101101. b.ou,.. .... ,""',~b' ,he "",01,,,.,,, '''''''p<n,h~.

I ,iJn', ~~"' .1·,,,.

In \!Or 1%II..... ""'bock,,,I'..... I...'U.,..... neMini';""'· I bott ..., .. , "" "'.............. ' ...........1 fighflng .... " ....... ,........... od , .... roJio< •. 1",.",,,',

..." ny""..... ,;1 i" I..... ""

_I" "",., .""",mu"i«

OO<.n , ,,,,,,I,, ... R.. , I "".. d ,he .'m"'ph<T~, All 'h, ""d,,,~, .. ~" fo~htinglOt ftNdom. for "">.>I .. ,,,,,, • .od 'h< I """h ""'~.. , .• ", .. ..,.~' ..."' ••. 0" \I"·,h,, 15tb. I ..", .... h ,h...". ,.... "". ",hcf , ...... "11""'JIk \\ ........ ,.. I~"." ''''' "d ,.... I'tx. "" .. 1I'''illc-. I .. ",,, ....... ",. (,inId "",Itt<! me up.<od I ..' .... b"

....,..Id<".. \"",hcf bo>- .. "" ...." ...Ik,ng ...." '0 n, \ i<:<DI'" ""'j ,nd boo ,., .. . " ...... · H.,........ '" Y"" 'Itn

....,.un)'!nt. \'1......- . . n.~ (it ....,. ,bo,i.... ",.,t\<

.h<- n..g tOr ....1·.nod IQ'" 0 )0,. I bore ..'U 00 much h..1",.""n~ 'hat I didn·, ""'i«.n , .... pbo<"IIC'I~"'f>. T .... ne~, tl",.•h< phoo<o ... "'" ,I" """ ...r n . !I ",..,11"," ..""'d \\ ..... " ,,')' g..... f.. he" .... h. h' immnl .. ,<j, ",,1_"'" "'" 1ft his """ ... 11<"" fu ...... ' . ",,11)· ... 11)' .n8"·· I "»iJ. ·Th"., ;,1 '"'", .... • "",,n"ni,,· I"m not ,hi,'ll' ....... • ,..,. ",1" I ..-.J1:.<d _ ... , bot ","",uo>J ) .............. him ..lill. So. _ '" bt",. h< diod.•M I didn', r<'

"I:''' "".

<,,= '" ""ng"''''''' "'" ''''

."'.....,..... rrumh,~,. ,,,,hing. 50 »))

.' fi.".

R .. b \\h .. ,'"h,,·

,,"nnr

I ju....·....cd 'O'"M' , Iw .jght •. T1.........,D

"'.....11. bi~ "">t. ~,. -':""'1:"'''' ,...~ ""I".h.

H 'rp)" c nd' ''i Nu.. ,,,. :.ud.J.nl,...... n .. " ..",.. , .... "'~. H. ... ," ...., •• lnS. d.,\ ,"""t "" H." ".I, did,,·, ' " hi," Q"i, l !) ,h< ru, t\<, roo. "n , he b.. k $hc "''1"'1 ...11,,'' In ,In". ~h< ~ O, ou' of lw, c... nJ

R "b h',)'<,foCl . !,."hl."n) I'''''l" ! h"e·.ju" .. n.'''i''~

R. ob ·I\r

_"'bo<t'"""...............'''''' •......,.,~.) ...11

0404 1)

29 )D I~ ""y

,<"ny '<>. l"Il_,... in .....

" •• "" ".,CUt! ""J "'.... I•• ' ..... "'~ I", ... i"l.

.Pl"">"~" ''''

.,'ion

"""" ,h.., 11 .... 10 ,.... did,,., 'hink ,hit ,)00" 'na .. i.~. ..... r>I" ~ '" I.. ,,,.;.Io.~ Dd in {..". ,h< ,""pI'Il'-" Ji",,<.-.i ("". , ..... 1..",. (".1 i .......... I"'JK'.I., • """'''' lOt Hod ...... tnu .he "" ,h", 'hi> ",in'in~. hi''''''''''

"""rI. bu,

"-,e<! .. ,he m. n.

Ih nn. h Oort·')"" "'".U) lut.ol h« ..... )"" ..,", ,h< ...... ' [.1.....,. b. )....... I did"·, «< ~ u",;) , bot b" ... " .... , .." .. ..... ,," H.,.. Ib""'h. io". "'"

1.-. ".....

H. nn.b I.m;"\\ h...."'''''w''&hn.' 1.1...... , kill.d,,,,,1 I.m" 1..'Ubo<y'''II_ru''ll-f" .. ,,,.hu,ry.'od I ~ . I."" """,,,,"11-

,«»>«.I,"'"" ......

Ih "nab C... ,.. "".Ii .. in ! H."n.h and l.mi< d",,'o '" 'hc.....,rr•• '''''P. TI\<)· •., do"n in ,h. i, u",,1 ...... nd ord"cd ' ''"0 '''p' uf {,of'....·

N."..".

.. H< ... , .... , .... T",,<~f'I'uocd ...... Hunah I l a m ~ Th. nk<. Hannah \\ ...., .n ....... in!(.hlmoooblk... ou. I.m;" \\ 011. __ didn', kill _. ", ... ~ .. '. ,hr w~;,

Oli, la \', ... I"m ....11v lo<>L,o~ ....,.. ... IIl, .... In ....·;...·•• \ ... '_f<>ri.n~ ...... ''''''''''1I' Oh, • .\ Iolllc. 1>«.... '" I don', ,['<.~ m... h ~,.n ..h 110.. ,,,,,.' "'''''''S '" ~" •••• +l). ho<r<I.ng .... g< COlI.", "h.n " •• "n... '" I ""P<' ,h.,', r<IOI&JIb 1(,

.........'

liann. h 11", .. 1>0, " .'" ~'J" ,J..,in~ ,., FI,,;l;l< <;O'ft1~ I ,ho.",~t. )'.' ~ " ... t.-"" in ,1.« ........ iling fnr

J.",i. I ...<'" ,0 ,t.: ,11<'10' '" bu,' ,hOk ,I,·k."

fo' d« ~ro\"lni I 0' (' i,l. """... Il"" .. ' .... ' \\'.n«d ' ')CO. A<><I io". un 'h< 0<1<..... , II'h_ n", ~ . , 0 ..1.,. 0 ... , • .,ni, ...... "" Hann.h (Iu"nni,·cr<.;<.... ?· J.mi. \00, I""",, fi ... ,..... 11'.

...,,,,1.»,,,,,,....

- ' "" SUunio •• ",h' IS,h. R.m .."I ....' H.nn.h G.... b.l.m ... I <>n', b<-lio." J"" mnombcr

"'h.,.

'h< .~ .. , do<! rom.Inlie' lo".l.<kJ·1 didn', h" "'" on ,h< ....... o S.d endi n g 1\.rr.,o. ~uJJ'·nl., a n"n """' " ,,,' h. '"«1 11. " ...... "'n~. J ..1. ".,. '" H.m,.h didn\.<o h,m .. flf" Q".I.I~ ,hi- r"." h<. foo< "" ,he b"k. hir

.'p«ion,o M.llho...

1-"""........

h,,', .

I .. , ...·.....·., .lu ....... mi"ul<' \h"h . ..· , .. h.O"'. . lo' . ..·k .. ·.. Whrrt ... ,,,,,goi<>g? ~b"h ...· To 'u .... h. In' ...·\c ..... 11w',.1onill,¥bo,A"'I_ll"'ng'0

"''J' "" .he" .. '

M."h.,,· '0. J'mg.... n~,Ii""', ,,, 'Id...... ,... In .. "' ;''''~' II'h. \[.I_, ... ?

lJ51 )))

... ~I.... ~h H ...,.h ,,,.d

;",,~i'h.

[0'"," ;',,'" Ildl. ""'" l"d , n.! h, ... ~ .... oi .... OH.·i. Th,nk. I"m.m<io " ""'''R,,,be.n,mozlng

'n""" ""'"",!JR". ~),..

'he ..... n. II.Bn.b,.nrl..l.Sh<J"" .....) ..

r..' ............1<I

\l'l«n.n.. .... i,..... ' ,he.<>ff« .hup.I;r"," " ••," ,Iwn. ~h< ,.11nI hi'" bell I." .,-11 1...._ ...". ,u.n«! off. l>hr .... iI<d ,." I~ minu, .... and Ihm oh< .."'" horn< T.. " H .....i'.. d .. H.nn.h·, I.....,... A po>I ••:<

""""lo,•• ,.rr...,

hoek.J .. ,iI<oo..".

p..,l ie. "fr. .... , G"",I ",·,n in~. "".m M.)_

It.nn.h 0"'1,> H.nnah Y",I.",. 1'"l ko "m. ... I'd m. '" ...... kro'''''. Con I'u ... ;nl .' .....,,' I IH:pollttnff«.. e.""'in ....I ..., " .....·n

on,he><>r.

1',,1;':* "m.~ . ......" .... r,imd oI"l.mio u,_, Hannab } ... »ldU.nn.h.

N." ..... 1',,1;':* "m. *. \\".11. rn •• f,.id 1 ""'0 """'" Nd "...... ,..... }""", Ilun,h II k.,'" Iu.,·,h'pp<n«l?

p"lie~ Um<~T I_m ... b.J. n. n "I.n' •It .. ''''' ' ''~. H ... ",h Oh It,,! II'h" ""d "r ><d,kn'~ "", i • • " m ... H, .. .. . "",,,'ing ,It. "re... nd. ca, hit him II.n""h Whm, ." hrn did .10" "'"","~.\n.! ~."" ... '

P"lk.,,/Tku Tb" ....... ,"" .. S'U, H•• a. '''''>".~ 8."", $0 ..... b< ,hr ,h<..... Ha" ... 1t OIr, .... ·H ........... ' polie.o« ..... It.·.in,h.hospi..l.llck... t..d in,",,' it> hi. hnd .nd ,,," bw/.. ... 1.,;•. H.nn.h FI."i.h."",n~'"l>rO K ? !'olk. "mce. W."""·o k""",,·, H." in in«".i", •• '" lI.nn.1t Oh. no .\nd,bed,i,,,roi,he ... ? p"lk .. "ffi«. Sh. didn', >,op. H." "a h ~h<? 1',,1 it. om. « Y..,,, " .... "'".n.n in • ~'Ioi .. c.. ~~y ... '" ,be ... ', lie.n", pb,,,. I "'" h.,.., a ..-\r il .... "",Jick do,,' , ,nu. mo.",' I. ",or, nu",hr. plo" Xl' Z 3-48S,. Han ... h l, .. _",... ~" . pol ie. nIT".... Con " .. ,.11 ..... ".hm- "'" ....., ; !S,h..... """",

l'm ~ ""' ;:

,.,,,·,... k,bcr<. l"m.mQlld • •od

w.· .. ~n~' " do. photo ,boo, fo,. m' ~ ., ,,, •. In«" i ..... , Th .. _n~ ••", 11;01:- \\'t..:r, kind "r ,(.,.0.-..... , .... pn~ ,,, """lel'

" .. ,h . .. ' 1\ 'n' ... ,·(.,.h ... r", .... , ..,."",. 11 '.

""".",h. """" ...,iI·'l!"'ing 0" t« I''''')

"""I or""',...

\\ ,n,,,,, in enJd. Th.,". .. 1»' ...' '... Irlld,·i.,,·..

...u~..... ,ltink

',.,,10 ....•

'hm-

~·"hrll

",...... l ...... ooId

.. ', iI"'''~ 'u M!

r ............ 11, ,Ur<..1_H,o <i()

dog ..... r .,I..-n"",, du'ing ,"'d., .1><i.oIJr•• ,

I"'I""'"

ni¥h,. In'd' i. ..... 11,11, h ',..,.~',ip.",," I>r'f'< ,h. pl"",,"f< r~hulou.' M."h.... I

n. nh.

It",. ",,,,,,,.'

Oli"i, Y••• >lII. 1",,,,·i...,", II'h . . .... 1""gni"~?

Olh' ia lo1\i •• r.~" •. In' ....i . ..'•• I nr ....""ion' Oli,'I, "o.l·m 11"'''11 i" tIo , ..... " ........ "'~ I'm

"""I .., ,u.h [0,,,>10 ' 0 '''''DJ! I·b.1.! "".

I"....·....'.. \\ ""'" .~.el"" '" ;..:.......~ ....... ,."" "",nI!'

01 .. ,. T'J> " ... n .. 11", F ".1 •. k ........ , ~.\ m['" f""" Mm.~, .. . In,." i.,,·c. "' ...... 10,'\1 .... )"" pni to 1;0«"".... for' O li"I, I'm go.ng '" b. in [".10 r", '" "«~" a"d .ro.. ,h., !"m [C<>in~ ru ".".1 """,,1<1 1\io;u.gu. for.mo,,,h In'" .. i,,,'" TI", ......... , .m.>..inr.

";....t,,,

".";" h.>.,.", mi".. ,.. ".,"-.lI>< ,... """"'" L<>i. .... , ... o,J,. <~n ~ ... ~... 10.. ,n.. ..... 110" hr

, ..... , u« '")" ran of,ho "'Md. on ,h. ...... n. t;o. r... "''''pi<. ii ,ho 'Wlnl b ,., i n', ....... ,I.....onl '.xi "'~"' •• '" .I.i •• I [" .. \" .. io I "b.... )"" ,oad,"

u,,, ... ),.. ,",

1'i>3 1)) 110" \1.n;".I<>Io ..... ,"""' ....·, Marfi .. ll<\Ia I ... H ,,,, 0 .... \b";n 'OU ...... , .. ,' m'c ..... 1I< ."'" oiJ< .."001"II, ... ","~ ..... ! ~ b"in 01::.• "", """'M' I. It·. h,,,,"O<'~, (0 , ho;pi .. l. 10ra A.l .... ,,,, \Ia .. in r>.o. n", no ... io". ,n.' I"""" who holpoth. tloc,or.no:! " . ........ ,of pition ... 10la Oh"I"""1'1

,,,rIc,,,..

It·,.

..,.....box!. ..

po._.

,h.

M ' rlin n... ', '';h<. \\Md ,",ruM, 1 It·,. 1'1..., I,', ............. bor ..."he ... ~ hm ,,,,,.....

_"'I'"

•.

,,, I>vy 'h,~~ LoI~ .~ .. ....., M. " i" , ......... h·. It'. biu«.n.! " ... boo!.1I l,o,l. <>f di r' ......, ,h i ngl ; for ... <'p«;.11y i<>od t ol. I !bk..p]'

,.,.n

M. .. in y... p><ijoJlr.OK,,,.....dnumbcr3.1 .... Ihin~ 10". som<ln.,, ~ 'h" ..... '" ,." ....".) ,h i,,~ no.... ro' fo, "'ling 00 , ....">( ..., 10< .. kmg pho,.,. .. 11'• • kind of g.J~<t. F ,,~,),"""

d.".,

,I.. ("...."',.

h.......

I.ily

I"",,·i...,<,

F"u ........ d.H"OUh>l·... m in"'.~

L ih 0 " ..... .

I n'~'' i...·•• \1 ""............ ~,,~' til,. T""" I ~...., ... '" ID'''' i ..... \\'h~.« roor ""ng ,borr' Lil~ I'm!l"'''Il,,,,,,,,,krrnC<' I", ~,,·i ...·.. !>Oio""""""ip r.il~' 'e>. Bm I'm '\'0 !I"'''~ 'O""n <>Id ;, kn.! ,It.",....."".11>, '" .>1.1 ""yi,knd. !Som..,....1 '''',,' ou' ,,· i,h. "' •• ~, ,~"', I n' ...·~~"'., \\ 1> • ., did ''''' dc<:i<k 00 m«' " I'

i.".

'p.n'

,h.

Lily \\ .U. I l ~ .... h.r"., .. ",l'ng" Unil ,,';,y '" s..n tr.n.l""" .., ...... n ohr",,,r...,,,,••• mo up ~ '11" 1!I'" in ,,,,,,,h .·i,h h i.. ""

.bou,. ""'..

,....."

In ....·k ...'c. I< h, ~"g to ........ "'" at ,I..- '''1'''"' U I,' 1.... ,·.,hinl"'·I;I"' .. ho l _ , ' I",~,, ' k ....,. 11"" tIo ..... ' ""'1 .b<,ou, ,,1 Uly Pm", "" " .. I 10". iI'"""~ '" M .".nl)< m"",in~ 'g"" .11.1..... I n,~,,· i ...,., \1011. ""'" h.tek. I'", "'" Y'", ''''II'''n~ '" It.,·•• g,~ .. , I.... Aoo ~nM ,ho.' ""n'.........

.f,,,

,,,,t<.

62 ))

,.lr ,"",

11." H;. Hk iolkft 11.'... Sor" fr.. ,,·, c.lI. PIc ... Lo..'..........1I' Li ly Hi llo" 1........ 1 ill H''I'''1"",·.. 0'''.I"... book", m, n,~", ...! h""I. rm ('MI ine 01\ S~nJ., ~ T'r :nd - t .""Idn·, g... n;~h' "" ,h.

fi .. , )"'" BylnK (""'" [JQ.oun "" koFlI ....."d t"m

", i"ing in l>.n r .. n.,i,,·o .. 2 ,~ n I'·nl. 1'" ii<'lni bo<k on S."",I .. ~ •10, S,h k.,·ing .. I LIS p,m I"m " .. i,,~" ,he "",",n';"", <n". 10'., .I"'d .... HMe! ' ,klro.,..1\,.U " I'm nn, ~"'" pl"<>OO\l_~, bu, i.·< ,,·1·,,· ... ·0

•"""I .....

,U... ""'"

r"'."rc~_l_ it.l1lullY""OII .... ~·nitCb,

..·hml ... ' ..... s..-,"" ....... ,,-l"m .... !1> fO<"'~1Il ' 0 ._,,~ "'" .~.'n

1uuL.,,~

~2 )) Ho" (;ood.,·.n'n~.L.J .... odll"mkm.n.nd wekome '0 \1 '~",', I~' .\00 ou, fiT>! <0111<>1'"'' ,nnlilh, . ", ~ ' ",in ."d) 00., Ikllo '0 , ..... 1\<\11. . /\T. ''''' " ....... ,,?

"'"..s'

l.';I. lu".Ii"I,

L,,'~ AIM,,",,]' \I . ., in Th .. ·... ' \\·onJn"mt....- ~ .I'·.. n odi«,i'",

I,·.,""_.;,."' .... ,l

Lot...

lip'>

10', M. "~L boo,."" ",,11 ."' .. ,,,.1. ......... h.i,. tnt, ]/01",,], M. ro'n , ..! 11.".j numl,.., \ h·,.n ,djo(' i'" .g.in.l.h, I .... ' u.... ,' '0 d.",,;,,,,. pc,"'n .. h<,. .. U h , ... ho', 'Iu", " I... ning ,hing> Lol. In"·II, ..... ,,) M ... in boo, it', <imlb, '0 in,dlig<n' It'.,h< "I'I"~'" "I .. ui"d ~1a .. ID

"ri,

1.,,1. 1101",,1']' M''''n re<. ngho.And .. onJ ""'OO"-" •. ,Io'ho I I

LoI.I\.,ch' M.... in \10. 1, ·•• Iu,)""do.hc:<~_fin<>h .",h.,,~T\ "niSh< I.ola l:h .. .gn,,,i:oodl

M.";,, .'0' (.om,oo· ''''' 00 i, '0 "'" T\' "" ,,.,... ,"Qy 11" l>rJ Lol. Oh.IN""'I? M ... in y,,!

~ 8 1»)

lilJ' Tlu.Dl."" .." ",,,,h.

•

(] 55 1)) Ol"·i. In" .. i.·... n h,u", m. , ..... )''''.

M.ub...

11" " 11'd1",,,,,•• nd",lo,.ndploy\\":'w .h~<. I, ~"""re .....-itlni'hr ",,,... IQ. ,hr li'" 'i ......................" tU! ,hrgo .... ,~""" c.n-<C'<. ",mDb.·I \ """""Df""",ofhim .nd ....."O<do it" P "i '" '1'1«" "" .... "'......

1.00) W.II.I.h'DL ,h .... ~....,· ohinl- 1\ Iu., do ,'OII ,h.nL of,),.. fill i<.~ lint. 10", ""ill'.n' .In,hn... b ",",,,h.. "'" pi .... ."Iondon. lennr Oh. be ... '. l\;o,b;o .. R..... ,hi. i . FI" ...... ,be n"~ .."". Bub . .. h ·'~......t 10 fl n.lIv m•• ' ''''''. R<.>b.

"'''''' ..... ,h.

no"

I, " g""""bthcf<

Hub... ",h" •• MII I "" ,in ... in 1\,,.' '1~,

,'",t'

I COl'" h<'" .'hon I "'" .i~h'""". 11 .. , .... Iy I.... ..... cU" •. ~a.ban 11 .il.! ""1'<" ..... ~ ,n l """,' YorIt mUoClr boo,« 'h" ....... '

R"b

"c ..,

I~nn'· 1\;0""... 1"", ~nl '0"'" Rob "'" ,." ..... h

\1",,101 "'" lih , ............ "h u,'

Ib.b"a I'd 1nl.. " .. bu, un,.,,'u ..... ).1 1>0... ....... 'ing .. ono:. $",1"11 .... 1"" I...... ",'", mootlng .lth,..... 1, hink lonn1 Th ... , ,;~h' R~.ha" Ib.... nk.I"n,h 11 0 11)' 11<)' ,I< ,.,'" RfIh 1\ .!k.,?

Rob ,'"

listening

119

11 (11)" lIi, I"m Ilolly, Holly 1),1., . Rob 110110.11011,·. I loll)" 1I'0're ~;,g '0 be """kins '''gotl>o::r. jenny R<.Uy' IInll)' nOd,,', 11, .1"., .. 11 ,'''''' I"nl~OJDg to b.Roil', pl>ol"l!'.pll<~ jm,,) Oh, ~· ~II .. ,W..-", ju" S";"S " " lu ".I,. Holly C",,]! I C.D <ume .. n h ,"<)U . 1"'0>,. I h,d. "",h,·ieh .. d ier. '" I ,k,n', "."llu"," B.. , Rub oodl<on ,. lk l,rh"OI-:' J<nny Sur<. Holly Sv k, '> ~,,},

11))) Holly Su ,dl " .... R<.>b. II'h., . re you goiog '0 w,i,< • ho .. ,' Rob 11'.11. " 'i,h, ouy 11,,, " ' f"".»io,,,.,f :"J.,,' yort. ''''' kno,,·. ,h< nig h' lir~, 'Il< m",i<.

'0 ,,.,,

,hin~'

lik< 'h"

I lnlly A ... yo" pI"'nin~ to du "n)' in,.",,,,,"" Rub I"d lik< '0, L>o;"" h"" >l'} ,u <):","~n.> 11(11)' \\",11 , I know ",m. gr,,., mu,i<i.,,>. Rnb I ]".id."" Ilollr You k"n". ~v), in A..J 1.1"" h,,'< ..,m. <on..", in ,ho,h<" •• ".r ,],,,....., R"b T h" would bc great. Hvllr MorI>< '.. <.... Id go 100 ,,,,,,,. ,,'" . ftot;nu could " Il ,,, ,h .. Kt<>fi, R ob 1,•• II,·lik.tI,.,id. • . Wa;.,«. C.n I bri".~}"o" " 'y' hin~ <h<, J<nn)" Could "'0 h.". 'ho ,h«k.I'''''''? Wai,,<» ' ••. m ... m. Hcrr·')"OOt,h«k. J.mn)· Th,nk., [xcus. me. j , hin k > "'. ", .... 11". h,J 'wo \>0<,1•• of",.,.,. MO ,h,c<:. W .ilte" Yvu' r< .igh' . 1'", .... ltr "")" 1'...,Of m, d.)' ,<>d.;" I'll g.. )'''''" n,·" "heel,

"".,1,.

lla"i<l M~' <l>y". p,e,,~ ""',],,, I do,n ,he hou« .nd iron ',m I .1", do ,h. ''''''i mg .nd ,he 8""'.')' shopping, ~])" dad Id, I>mn. (ou, )' ..... go. '" wo", on "'" o"'n, I ule m)' .i,," '0 school . nd m. I.<,U(<<h .. "') mom;,OK Ib". ",~i><h~' m","~" .nn' e,·,ni" .. H v>< H~~ "" ,'vu ("d .1.,", .I,,'"'' ",U Ii<c ' Alic< don', mind " kin~ Of "". mom. Sh.·, ,~ , ,,,J ,h ....... J, "" h.lp. B", ""n""n,., 1 feel.I",1< (Old wh<n 1 go OU' I"".u«" ,h",,,, ,hing. ",do " ..),,,Id 'he ,\"d I, ,,,,,,,,i,,,« got .ng'" "'i'h mYKhooI f,iend,. j h<}' <loo', , •• 11),' ,,00"".00 ,I>< probJ.m. I home, All thO)' ')"nl .. bo", ", !utb.•. i>u:-,. ,.n.! guing QU(. Iluiel I lik, "h" 1,k>to...·''' ... l'mhdp;n~ rn' ",,,,,, .• od r", hclp;"g on)' ,i««,. ,imc, Ofc"", .. trur 'hot I,, "'t jlO<>U' much t..<:.u,e I n«d re spend mo« oi my dOlo .. homo. I >om""m<> S"Out wi,h m" fri.nd •. bu, I don', HI;, I." i"g m) m,,,,n h, h.<>df. 1.1" ,,', ""k .. , u,c ,h.. I h..·< n'l' coli !,~o, ... . I, '''; mom ",,«I> .n,·,hing. 'ho nd I ~o N<k ho"", • prvbl<on fu, m• . It', just po" of m" lif•. Ho" 1'",,-.. 00< h JOiD~' ~r .. ' job. '1h.nh ''''')" ,nu<h "" ""'''''nR "',' h. I"">"'"''

"""<C.

h"" ..

,,,I], ",••

~ 26 »)

,od.,'

YI",

,h.

.. ,

co,.,

.<!wol ""'k

23 ))) 110>1 I<llik '0 ""kom< '0 ,he rros .. m 'wo of ,hose «on.gers . .00Iic, .nd U.niol ~'ho.<o I" le'"~ ulJ . • nd" ho but h ,.10 co .. off. mil>· m<ml>< ... Ikllu ..~Ik<. h<11o D.n;.,l, M;'''I O. niel H ;, Ho.. llho<lo,."u" k.c."of?

i,·,. ,',,<

AI;c. • •\I.~ , _ di,..... it m.' ''' ,Ii" .h. f...,l> ,i....J.n ,o. ,ime ond <he c..t w,lk "<t)' ,,<1 1. A ,OJ I .h ~ " l . of my young« b,,,,ho, .nd , i<to.. Ho. ."d ..It.',fou,, U.ni<l I ,1' ,on "",rn , ' ...... She h.d. b.d ,or .«id«H """'m .",;r< ,~o "od ' " ,·,n·, ",I•. I ,.I.:c<> .. of m)' litt le ,;"." Ho>! l'..... oo.h do .10' " fhou«,..,,"'. \\ h.. """'I)" do r<""lo? Ali« On, ,""m,1 ,1>y. I ~<I up .,,1,. . od I ok.n house ,od I do ,,", i"" ' i"~. M .. , "'!wol I ..,m«ime. "k~ m)' m<Hn ,n ,h. <t"" ,,, h.. "hO<:kh.ir In 'he .'·<TIin ~ m)' d. d m,ke' ,h. ,Iinn« I'm nOl ,.<'" ~ "c",,"ing! But I m. ko 'ur<. n,)" b.",Il< •• "d , i,h"'" 'h<~ Jin n<! .od ,hen I pu, ,h.m to !>cd.

,i,

" 'HU•.

.1..,

,h.

120

listening

H". '''''

A Tb.)· ~<f< "" )" 'igh' , bJa< k Ic.,h., p.a"" ,h.,

"or.

r bv,, ~h, f",on ..... ond·h.nd ,,·hcn I 20 ),<''>oIJ. I ",m<ml><, ,,·hen I "'.. in ,h ••,,,ing rn,,,,, 1'hou~l" 'he) kooI,,,] . mui ng, I ,hough, Ilook.d liko Jim Il o,,;'«>n flOm the Doors 1>", when I gO! It.onlO. in 'M "oldli~ h, of J.), [l<.li,.J ,b .. l look<:d more lile "n. of wom." 're", Ab/.oo' T h,,'> "h~ I "" .< ,I"""

,I>.

ne""

"WO ,~ .. " .

""r

2 I n,c"·k,,..r I I." . ,."" ho"~ht.<nm.'hi"g 'hot ) '00"'. ~-orn' AY.... umfo,m. I drciJod th .. I ,,'. m«l tu Jv ~""., , ,,J I >i~","" "P fur 1.. ".",,.nJ I"H, ~I" ,10< ,,,,if,,,,,, ~nd ,hot .... '"~" b .. 1t ~u' 'h<m I Ch.ng.d m)' n""o " .. tk<, o <~ nO, ,... .. k~'hele."'n'. lnl<",i.wer \I hv""" A I wo"i.d , h'!>um,Qn. ,,"Quid l o".:l ",)'

n.'·., >."".

",," Teon.gef> h>l·•• bad r<pu,.t i<>n. Pcnplc ..y ,h .. tlt"'-'f< Lt,}".nd mo><)" ood ,h.. thcy <lo ,~, 1< ,,, ""Ip tb<t' P' <en" .roond IIo<>s • . Rut ,I.. ", . ... """. «.o,t.,> f..". • I>..>n' , hi, d<",.il~i<> n i, i"" .. " ,."."' ,11. I, i<<<< im".d ,h .. ,h • •c ••• "", ... ,h,n I, ~ mill ..,,, tc<:n'gor, in the U~ ..'00 h>,-. '" I.... k .ft.. > m.mbe, of, h.;r f. m ily. rhci, modt<, Of iot h.. or b""h .. o, .i" ..,In m.n)' ,h ... young h.II" " '. Of ·c . .... ~ i". ,, · o.).• ", ",1 1«1. 0", doing ,tring. lik. i«ding. ""hi n~. , nd .. k i"~ <... of (.mily m.ml><". as ,,-.11 ., doing ,h.i,

T,., "'"

lfl<c,,·i.wc, .,.~, bough, ..,rn .. hi"~ ,h .. )"""'e n.... " ~"'n? , \ Ye<. H .. n·, ",·o,)"", ... ? rr<n,,'ml><, >on>< p"nh I bought , h.. 1".,·<tnme, I nt«'·;,,,·.. \\ h., ,... , ,he pmhl<'" ~'i, tr ,h ~,,,'

'rh' n~ )"nu ,

22 )))

,h. ""'.

i,',

Ilull)" Ik'n going to h..·o. fun "'M' I,. R,'];' Rob r .. h , I thin ~ it', going ' 0 be fon,.,,",. Jenn)" 0 " " in" 'u ~v. ,'-'" 1>.,'. )",or mttting "'i'h R••I",. ,,' , ], ' «C. Roh Oh)' .. h.ri~h!.

c.r<

co,,',

,i>cr<-'.

'enn;'

r<.II,'

w.,

,....,h"",.

I m'~"' i <"'<r

1"10 y"u " ill h,,'e ,h. u ni'"",,' ,\ 1'0". L«>kl it on eBo)". 1 [n'c"' i~w<, HO" . bough. oo"""hing ,h .. "ou'" n ..·.. " 'urn' A ~'''Ii)' i , h,I'I""'" (u ",,. , lv, b«, u,," n .... d",h« ,horri"G, ."d 1,><,.~, "~. ,hi"S' 0", Fo, cx. mrk I h"". ,hill;m m.' 010, .. no" ,h .. ],<" no-'or "'o,n, In'H,i''''~T \\·h,.not' A \l'dl.l bo"gh, it in. hu,,~ • f." ",,,,,,h. , ~o. ,hd, h." I put " , ,,,, in ",,,,,10,..,, A I,~ " ....

,-ou.,,,,

1.".,.1,,,,,, i, ",,, . "d lool<o .. ;, . nd I ' t.>uj!h'

"lI'h,' did I hu,' ,h i,,- It·, ,wful_l'i "k .nd purpi. <tripe.: And of ' OUT« I didn't h..·• the ""'<ip" >0 l cuuldn ', roko it b"l. 1"'''T''i.",... Hd'" )'v" «<! bough, ",'n.. h'"~

,h" ,0",·. ".,'<t "o, ,,? btu~ " h,"<, ro;o ,

A A Joi o( ,hing" ",u.lly. 'I'h, I.. ,

<>n,,,.,.

I n''''''iewe, \\"h;,t ~ .. ~ r~ n ~ ~ ith ,,; A \\",,11. I bough' il ""hn. 1'",,,," ~.b,,,,., loo, h.. <tre>.p d.ok h", ",h." i, ,,,,,'«1, i, Iook.d complctd,' differen, from wh" i, Iookod li l . on ,h': <ompU!.' «'«n .• nd I decided I J;Jn', lil. .. ;,. So,,',inm"<lo,,"' i"m,Y", I'm """ ~o",~ tu "<a," t,;" m.) b.-1 11gh. it '0

,.",,.0,,,",,. p...." ,.

~ 32 ))) Ho>< 1.>"

Fr,"" S,.,'<, . bu,in<»",.n frum

,<;.,ml<. wo. iOOki " ~ ''''~ ".1 '0' ,d",; ,,~ , ,,~ d • .'·s in ' ho m"",,,. im,. H •• "d h ;,,, ;f. h.d

'''' 'S<d, 'kiin~ ~ .. l<o~ 1 in, lu,,,,,' hord. I>u, m. w<eknd d 'd,,·, "".k <>U' <,,,·,1) •• ,h.,. I>.J pl.n,,«I . S..". " "Ork.d un,ill ... <>It Fti,I, )' .><n n~, 11i. offi« ..... on ,1>0:: 12,h f]"",. \l"1 ... n I", fi, i,hn) "' So'dock, h. locled hi,,,(Tw:,, .. ,~ got the .1<,'''0. , .. , ,,J b.- J;Jn ', get "'" .s.in "",iIMvu,J •., ",,,,ni " g' S,~,.. . pr .... d 'ho """"" fi"" 'h< Iluor, .nd the d., "v' ".","" [!Ui"~ down. bu, ,1>0::" i, ""T, .... 1. I pro •....-d hu, '0" o~, in. bu, nothing h'PI""<d.! p,e<....-d ,h ••1."" o,oJ .I...".J, bu, fIObod,' h<.,d m., .'1<>« proP"' h..hl"'KI) ~...... hOm<oi tried '0 c. 1I m,·wife. bu, m)' coli pi ....'" d <.I,,·t "o,k in ,he .k, ",or. I <,-", Id.', do .ny,hing. I jU<l "" vn 'h< Iluor;,nd hop..d m.y,,", ><>m<bOOy ""00 1,1 , .. ,Ii·" " 'I,,, had bapl""O«!' BU! on S,,",d.)· ,,>d So,,<la\ . I k,,,w nobo<l) ~(lUld I>< ,h<,o.l.lept ""'" of, hI' ,i "", '" r",~<o hu~ hun~'" I I I"" M •• "",h i a,. ~".""., wif~. " ... , ...... wo;,in~ for hu hu<bond '" co",. h"" ... . Ib,,, I 'W)' """ i«l " 'h<n h. diJn', ,om.It.on,. "" F",),} ,,'~o;n~ , .nd I <"uld,,', "",kr,.. nd "'h, li , ,·. 11 phun< ...... n·, ...orkin~. I c,I].,,1 ,h., poIi" .•"d ' h.~ h .ol,'d fo, him, bu, 'Il<)' <o"M"', fin.! l im . "y,,'hc,e. 1'ho.. ~h, "")' be he,.. .. with "'OI~" " ·omon. >10 « ..... ~'''' <"" on 'he 01.,·"", ,he "'hok ....eck,od (,"'" rrod. )' "'<n;ng "n,il ~I"",l.; JUO,ning. .\, <i~h' ,,'do..... " hen ,h, of.1,c ,,"o'l' rs ,.,i"cd , 'hey <>11«1th. «n~'g<n'" num kr. ood "'",el><><ly " ,~I "p.i,«I ,he

i""

fi,,,

,h.

w.,

<." ..

.I"'·>l~r,

S,c,'c ' ... " '<t., h:tpp~ '" got ""', I h><ln', .., .. n ,iIK< Frod. y '(I<. """'n . • nd I "'.. ""~ hun~.)" 1t', I""h ,h at I"" n,,' d''''''rophobio bccou;c ,I.. .I.. "u' "'", "ff)" ,m.lI, Th. fi .., 'h,ng I di<J " ." ,,,,,11 ,,,), wiklO ..)",hotlw.,OI-:. U" .. S..,·." ill '<>On 11. ,h< fiue., m. " ;" hi, offi« - from now"" h,,', );O; n~ '0 ,.k~ ,h .... if< « .. ~ d_)" tbough 12 floo".

.'·.n

i,',

~ 42 ~) loo..",,"c ,. Ik Lt.",,1 R"",c<. ,,·ho·, boo!. . bout how '0 j;,,, ""'''''Io'''I~, $11.',

In'~"'i,w<T

",i'ing '

«)

~ng'o ~i,. ," fi .. "",ful ';ps. Lu,e! M.' 11 " , ,il' i, >o"'<1hin~ ,h .. i. '"Cr~ son'pl< '0 <0,.. ho' mo ... di'rkult '0 do in p,ao,i<e. 11 h" e,,,, )'OU'r< doing. ju« !Tl' to ,Iow""" n .nd .nioy tt, li )""" " 0 "'olking >om." hor<. , '}" ,,, ~ ,I~ '''Of< ,Io.,~ I): if )"u .« Jming. m.ko Y""r<df d,i,'. ",,,re <]0"'1)'. ], , Io<~ ,, ' , """« ~ hat ~-ou doing. cooking , .. k1"g" , I"",'". """bing in ,ho ~ym. "" >Jo,. down .nd .. oil),' <nj"r' h< """".n, W< . 11try 10 do '00 mm)' t hiDg> ,hat wo jU<I ,I,,,,', h.," """ 10.. So my ..ronJ tip ;' mok •• Ii", of ,h. 'hrc<: thi,,~' 'hat '''' ""," f",)"<)Uyour priori,ie. in life. 'lh<n ",h." ;",,,., .. ."J< )OU' b" mak. sure du, )'0" .pend ,iou. doi ng ')'v,""hi <>g" I_~ ;m< fOT <""mpie . h.. ,"", ,h",. Lhin~, or< J""''' f.mil)" .... dong ,.nd proying n<n ""~< "'f< ~''' ,pcnd ,im. ~'i'h ),ou, I, mil)·. d,., )'OU h,,< 'p"« ;n your !ii. for ",.ding. ,,,d ,h, )',," h>l" ,im< to plo,' 'PO"' · .... od forg., .hout tryinG '0 do ut I"" ,bingo 'h" "'" don't h"" ,ime for. Ti], n,mb.-, ,h,...,,, Jon't m ' ' 0 do nl"<> ,h'm~. ., 'h . ... ",., inl<, The ,,,"" ,hing ,'u, CO" <lo 1< ",ul,i .. ,k, So (0' ''''''1'''". )'00' emo il ... hilo)"u ..... Ikin~ , .... f.;'nd "'" 'he phon~, If )'(IU <k> ,h ... ) '"'' • ren', re . lIy fll( u ~ Ott t"''' .""i l '" )'''''' frie nd .nd)..... o«n'. goi "~ 10 f«1 " • • )'. ",1",,1 <I, h<r I1p n,mMr f"u< i, ,'et< ,i mpk un<"< 0 d.,·, "'H' d. )". H down ."d d" ,,o,],.,,~ (,,' h,lf.n liouT, . ro, ~"'mpl •. go'''' ca f• • "d "u' ,i,k, ut [/L' '0 , I".l . nd on. bcnch. lurn'off Y"'" I~'''''' "" ,h" ...>bod,' "in conu« )·ou. ond 'Il<n i"" '" ,,><1 "'o"h ,~, ""tld S" by. Tb .. " '111 ,.,lIy h<lp .r "u ". oJm\'down. 0 1\., .\1,' fifth ."dfin.1 'ip. On .. "I' ,he mu" td. <log 'h in~. Y"" .. n do i, to h< "re" " ,'"' U' "·.n",,""<r. ,,, be on """or, ~o ii)'"OO H,,, ".", I.k< o· ""e', "" ' O~ ,i, by th. ,i'·«. Of go """'''g,

...

i"'I'<''''"'

'I"''''·

,h•• ..

."""gh

,wn', ".cl

,i"

,i,

li)...... I" ..... , . ,t..""•• n, go and ," on . be I>< ... h.

Rdu.nd h'.. n In ,Iw ...... nd of ,t.. .. ,,><I,Dd ,be .. " .. Iou .'iLI I>nd. ,nd ,n,,><I""'" 'n~ do,.. ••• ,I>< ... ln..... go .....

f«l,.....,

.1>000, ml."lo.,..... ",><I< In ,h. ...... , '"" .,,,',

55 1)) Ho lly 11... Rut. .......... "". K~ ~p.. Ro h ~". I·~ •• tH< ,;,...1 ,hi • ....,..ni"ll. Holly 1'_ i~ 11""<' ""1"" , .. )""/

"'n', ',,'""'Iy

Ro b I ~.,.,....ll_·. I 'hiD k l"mt.. i"8''''''''''''h

045 1»)

"n...

Fi.... 1dKl ,11< pIIo<n, ..... I .d..... n "rr~~ .. "'ho, .... ~.ri"8 hI< ..".j,.·i<h '" ,.tt. p/>N",,( ..... H. " .....11, fri<ndl)' and ..id. -Oi '''''... I'll WI><D 1,>1.«1 him '0 ul:c """.

,.1:0 ,"OU. ro<'''''' -

photo>, h... id. -~ .....! pt<JI>J..m'- 1\·..... 1>0 8 ..·• ..,.. mynmo .. 1>:1<1. . he ..,id, - I·t", . no., d.) ,N .. >!. i' ".,,"" ohor,,""i "". I ..·.. w , ..... ~,;,,~ ,,,, .. TI,n,,, 5,1"' .... 00 I bough, . n -I 10<-'. r-,,,,,, y",k" 1'·,hl11.nd.l<'M11< ,Id nl. from ,,,.... Jlff,mu p«>ple. I g..",h.m ''''' " ,.. ,h "~'''')', to", 'My booh g.... In< •h ...""et dung:i<k. F..... lly, ~ w.. ,' .... for ,hoac<idc .... "'''. For ,h" , ...... 1..·.'" '" Con...1P.,k .• M I fdl " ...... on ,he g"""'" 1unly ~"'''''';, about JO...:ond, b<fun. .... nca ..... '" hdp .... -I .. hl. ,"". <a1DO"'?- bt~ -"hlnk.~ """"".-

51 1»

,ba, ",.. 'hoooght ............. , fuoJ

110" ""' i~ "'" I.. , "(,bing> ..= ~ fot",..... i. ,ho<.~ ., "1"""'. i. """8 '" ,,11 ... "'h)'

.c, ".11y c. nI>< ... ". I'''' W<lI .• h,r. h.,. b«... loo '" """"''''''''''iy i,

.\Iou, ,"""..... ,., R." ...",I... . , h,.:,,L.. I,

w,"".....

"""""hin~ ,h., n .. d ,,~ few huol<tt..h uf ) . ... _ i... nO' , 1\'I<"od..., in'''n''''' •. " ,.... , "e " .... ,., ,h" ... ,h .. <"""<'>4t<.li koll"P< i"Ie •. c,.,,,;n •• n,..,.ld •• ". In f..,. <"""01."" ha •• """ •• , ;",id> ,,', ~"P< ju"," ., ....... 'n,loxid •• u •• n """et:, ~. ' i-I I" .. III ,,..,..~ to l. h..., d i"" . ... fl" .. Rull>', J~~ y .... buo .• nd'h.i ....... n' .• II'''" """".",;""id..>", ..... ""1, ill dun·... 'milk~~"' .. h"H"',......... ,t.... ......., 1><........ .all. A_ "i J...... "" ,...... '" rcmm""".hoo ........ d..\: c1M>cdoo<;'pod f<>r )..... ~ ,,,,,,uin' , .... '" Gol<>rit., .... if ""' .... "wrlcd

'h,,,

i....,.,.... "'' 'dooocdot<,:.o

«"'_.

• _...,., .......... ,dnfo\

HO , ....

,,_10. Qn. ... , ......

pi««' dn .. """"",. /[0" (;"''' .....,.r....... ~ ..

['' ' ' .' ' ' oh ..'

And .,.,... '" ''''')'. nu, TV ;....m.li". Too,..

,\Iou,

........p>;p<, • .,id. . ..... 1".). 'cl1;ng'" ... ,~ I'" 'ha! ,hat ..'. " IIch ,,~, mu, h TV. ,h .. .... '1"'",1 ''''' .,,,,h 'Imo .''''n~ In Iro", o(,h. I \ aM ,h.. . .......,1., ...~ <k>n', oxorci"''''''''"gIL

TI,,,,' . I$O"Y ,I,., .. " . h "'~ TV m. ko. u' .. upid. I, ,hh.1I """ I""y~ To .. ,. W.II.;,·•• h....... I, ,,,.. ,h .......... «h tOO m",h .. k<; ....... buc I, proI».biyu,,·, ,,<><,h.. ..'.«hio8 fV .... l e. ... ""rtd. I· ... ju.. Ilai>l>«! .... d;a~. bouIo: by a .......... • M... S' ....~ "'" n",,,,.,..It,,·d L..." ........, II<W I. ("0<>04J« r"" 0 ... ,hin, "" ...... ia hit bouIo:;, ,h" raod«n T\' ......... Iilo TIt.....".,....... Uf ''''''.. or ",.J .1,", ... ........ in«lI«,,,.II)" .. ,,,,,.Lo,, ..~ ,baD l"\' O<ri<.

«,..,..

....... 20 ......t". H.

<a,., ,Ita, ,bnc J.o........,

,Ita,

"",,,plko,..!.<><!pro .... L. u, mu", l.,cllIl'''', 110" 11".11. 1,on 1><1""", ,hI!. h", ,,·h., .""'" ","li",

,,,,,,,,',,h,, .If ><> 1"'1"'1.. un TI l<>n', boli,,·, . ' h" ,"""" "01!"'l'1 f", '" Tony \1'"II.!o,...,,, I.... ,,, .......... ). ,h., ..... <on=n I< •• n ..,,,,,,,hln8 f ..... " ' .. II'~ , I,.,.., h... ).• , hi. l inJ "fTV ,haw oo,""h ""boo, ~""'I' P<)"~) ho>w p<<>pI< Io<h. ,'o ..'he.

.buu,

ca.

,,.,,. .•• in. ~M' p .

110>1 1'<<11. 'h,n k '''''. T",,), .ntll''''' So"""')"" k...,... ....... lOdo'h ....·... ln[l- Y""caosi,dooo'nlft f..- '" ,h. T\' " "h. ""'.,(di,k cborol"n.,.

' ~'''II'' ,1>0 1"'''' 1be imp"'''''' 'h'''It d 'o,~;nl .00.. ........ "" <....10> ,hing. bt" •• .,.,...,nd 'n

,1>«"' ....

H os, 1 hanh"",,\~. ",,01 ...... ,....ha>uDOJ<lwo, ..1Ior. \\ ""'""",, ........ pIo_?

f"""'"''

",,11) Ibtu...... ~ Rub I, 1><I"~4".1~ ........1I . I><'i ..... ,,1Id.be I.... in ",........... ...... u.. ~, •• f< """,,,,u.,,. /l o ll)' I'""""""do,,,,,,"~h=<c ; ...

lull< lIi. ~I> ... "",,·,!Wk. Mrrir i. , h;"l '"'''~''''''' ""t!.."..,.,..... \\, ,11 ""......... " ..

Rob 1...lkalo<

puo;itl>.. " .... , Like. if)"" h,,,,.n ... n, ,."",,,",,, • ",I )"" .. ," 'hinl mg - I'm ...... ru f. iI: ,""n ,.....'11 r.iI ,h. " .. ". "", ...... .,.....1'" rh'"g< ,h .. ncg.. ;'",IIou~h' '" 'I"";,i.·o 'lInt'gl", I'''' ''''nl N)..... ,..,lf-l"U p....-l do, h... "d i, u.,,.lIr ......,.,. H u. , Th,,,k you, lo ll< And"". nex, "Ik. I, \Ia,en. H" \1.,,,,,• M .... o IlL \Iy,ir I.do,,·. 'p<nd . .... "',;".. ,.. di.~ ,be P"Pf1" or ......<hing ,be n ....'.on '1"1'

'u"

11 ,,11 ) \\ .lllnll isn', '''''''gh. Rob. Uo you do ,""h,n~'ul"I'I'i'? K ,," 1.)<Io .. Io,nl·",'"I.""<I<>,, .. 1'1,,11)' 50 ..'b)' don', )"" i'" • bi ke h.",' Rob I' m <HIll 1>0 .. fot ok•.

."",,,,,,,101"«' ....

"n"• ."

"",.1'. n.' ''b. .,/I"" . 1"",,', n«<I

• 10,1.., Holly I;'" I.""",', ,<nnil" I"'" ."ft ninll , ll ,loo 'i ..... IkMot.nd .n.......".k. lI", I j ..., ,bink ,10 .. ",""I"i I. lit" 00 boti"lI- J ..... 10 .... """,', ,1>0 fua~ R ob I'ur.. I'm ....... rt, l ..... "" 'unni"" 11,,11)' So .. b,· tlua·, )"" pt.) b.,lrtb.ll ..·.h OIl< .nd m. f,iornd.' Kob OK nw'''vn' id..! Ikn I ...... ·'h..·. . ny ".i"," Il olly 1 ~ I'ou ~.n buy tome R ob I. ,b. .... '1"""'J>o..,< ..... 1><<<1 H olly ~u .. ,' .....·....... ><'("',Io< .. .-.

,.i........• ...."""

59 ))) Rob H;.I,nn) J.nny Oh, hi nn ... H .. '.youh.d . g...-..l d.y? lenny Oh, ,......,,"". M""i"~.' Wh. , . ",""" )'''''? Rob 1""111"'" 1"'0""" 1I,00001)"".nd ""'..,"'" 1<.11) In' ..... " ..~ J"'OI'I< I.nny "nd) .... h.o<J , il'" '" ",>hopptn~, ""'Rob ""h .. ? Oh )nh. I' •• ju« Ioooog'" ,....,.. Ic nny I'<h ...... '''''·· Rob ......1."'''......... uh .•n.."" .... ).nn) "ICC Wh,did) ... b<ty_, k ~ Rob Ioh,nL I.....:!'''II''' .... 11".... I<any O~. 1'.. imp«...-.I. 1_ ' '''''''.11'' ntnni"lt ..~" mornins in C<'1Ifnl P,"' .

Rob Du,,,,,? le.",y 1,\ ....... u,;rul •• riy ,,, ,1>< ....,.."."g, Why <l<>n',)"" <no..., .. ;,10 n",? Rob t..h ...

J""', \\ h),nco,?

I<nnr (;, ..,! rII <om, br r"'" 1Int,1 ''''''''',..'''.. ,",,'nlng

Rob 01(. \\,h .. "",,1 ~;,f.'... ,).fi ..• Ro b Si ..... ? J''''') 101',,'·11 ... , Rob Coa " ..... lot it. b... Lo' ....? Scar. """'" foo'y.

J.nny

r. •• ~

J ~nny ,.~ .. '.."" "

flf,..,,,

... Rr>b. I .. '..... l. i , on'""

Rob 01( J.nny £0. ..11"·,,, s,..,. ".od.. , ....

Koh r; ..... , 1I00Iy lI.o.tt,Nlhnd.~nni~Rob. you ....... Ita .. • lot '" ,no'8Y·

RDb Uh "uh

,""";h" .......,,""""'" .. hrn ......n ....·i...

,'"""'."'''....,.j 'n ""I' "id "l ,n.-h."It' ,lomt ,_

I, • ,ho'"'' b..l...-..'•• ruJ;, iu" m, k•• ''''' f..,1 1I....,t, boo!..,. li"on 'oy ....... f".,." •

,kl""'~1

m"'", in.,ud. 11"", I·hinlu. \brro. \od .... " .... , call<. i, M""",. MIf... m> :>.,; ..1.... lIi Hn .. Hi. M"",m. Wh .. ·• 'if>? ~I iria", M) ,ir" ",.• .,. .. ~ n .. ~' .1,., ,,(.11 ,h • RO<)d . biDS' ,h.. h'ppen,d '")''''' I"'" ket:p ,he [i,.." nb ) ..... in ...... , b.g Of iD a """ ..... and if 1""·... f....11,,~ .I K,I< .. ~ or ""'P ......J.IU,.. .. lot " ""' .nd ,..d ". h'lI ID." ) .... (.,..11.." .., l i p. , I h.nk<. M"I.. " .. \"d <ou' I.., ,all ;, ' ,""n Mleh .. l. II LM i<h ..I, Wo',..,li"o"I"1IMkh.eI I ll. ~ h' 'ip i. '" tr)' '" po';'i'" bnW""~ "'hen ,..... >p<.k '0 otbe. p«>J>l" I'ou ~"""'. if,...... f,,,,ruJ h.. , pnobl.m. <Ion', pv -I'm ""') " .... -010. P""'" )"": "") >Utn<Ch,n~ p""K'" m. -non', "'''''')~ f'<I) 'hing" ,I] I>< OK ·Tb.. ,.....·11mal< ,I>< I"""'" ' ~", l ......... posi<ivcl>".bow b;' ... her probk .... 11.. " T~." k l""". \t""",,]. \\ .U.• b..·••11"," ~ .... ,,1.0]: ,J..nl )""to.1I "'" ..11<1"" Ln, 1I

''''If

u'"

"'r

ot"",

". . . "w.

" . ., .... l _ ]:',...,lI.. ~.

13 1))

Na.",o . F.... I... " h;»~.., "n'..." • .r,... ~, .... o .. ,,' ,I>< 1<" .., ...............................,."iag ,loo IIvinR "'''''' ;" c.,." .. n"> ","'h..·• huu",. When ,hor ""'k"'" ,h. (i"I'I, <<" 'b.r h,nd 5"'0'. ;., '0', aM 8" " i. ' 0 (" .. rn.n·. ,i '''', ""I .1 .... ><n, ,be 10"" '0 t; .. rnon. Cor m", w., ' ~'W 42. ",IIl ,n< ...... "i ll ,ing!<,

C;... n,. n Wlwn I got ,h.I<".. ld,dn·... lI ~, ...

'itht ... .y , .... u.... I ...., ,., ""''''''"" 1lop' pickln8 "P ' 1>0 phon< . nd P"" "'~ I, '" '" n .~"n. 1......... J oda', ... 11 him .. 011.11 .. I k......., 1h." '" ,,,,L. ,],..,.IL ,' I ....." . (".. ,n ..... Iln.11y ""''''' ......!land ~ ..... «d ,I>< pIo<>r><. H ...... 01",,_ ~ l.Dd .1 .....

,Ita,

.n.... ",

5, ... Irould,,·.btl ...... i' ..iorn .... .,II«l.I ,..... """ .... "'"....... ' botaoc. boo hKkily 1 k'1" ,..,.oId pIo<><w nu" ....... No ... ,,,. ~ ..,... nd Ca •..,...,. .... ng«:l

to..,....,.

·d.,·.I"... 5 ,.. , \\ loo" .... """ it "·.. f...

8 1)) 1·10", '!"<Od.or"' 'nri< i. -p<><i';""

'hinl.ing.- \\,.,11 k....,..· 'hi! p<OpI< ,,'ho .... "",,' i"oonjor lif, n""~ ,0.." prvpIo- ..,hu.f< "'1l",I," ,nJ p<»imh.k, B", ,.. ;"",;f~ .. od,. .... ~..., poooitl'" J'<"I'I< .... 1.... 1>..10,,;.., Thq'lI'" 1><".. n...... q~le k ly ...,.,." ,...,. • .. Jkk •• nd ,he) li"o ""'e<', ,\ «<<n' .. od)' h.. 010<>0'" ,bi! pt'O!>I< .. IIo .... "P';rnistic . nd think poo.iIi>..t) Ii>~."" .......'8". nino ~. ... Ion,....,han pn .. ",I.n"" ...""" So. ..... b." ... "', ''''' ....

,Ju,

[........... ,M,,~. Dv)"" ...... ny ....""ol><lp ",I>< _~,,~;n .... Ii>"H!

9 ))) H.,,, .... ud.... ,.,11,. , k:"'~, .... ,"$;' """r H; "My \\ h.,',)"", ' ip for btin8 posioi'''' Apdy 1l~1I0. I'<<il.[,hlnk ;...... "·impot"""o!i..

In ,1>0 pro .. ru.!HI ...... ,n ,],.. p'''' Don', 'h,,, l

Ii ~,,. "" ... it. \\' ..." or"" •• b. "'PO" , nd into,,,,,h 0'''''' '' ""'., W;,hln.JO _ ... "", ,of ...".''' ~ " , h o,lw, ,~. I" ~ < ...... kl"ing. \\', 'oil i n ",,·,.11 """, ,~ , i", Nor •• , o . l . .. "'«l, Iw",,,plc got m.. ,led. I? Y<'" .rle, ,b.)' 11 .. , """ C.. "", .. 1"..... 11'" n... " ..... in.1I , ....... ) ..... Iou, .,.,... , hI>...... ,riod ,..., m." 1.1""y.I..-J. N .... ~ ' '' r So s....• ,,,d ""I"'bt... ~, IIu, .. ,11 ,"'" l ",p , ...... pwo»i><.?

Ca,,,,,,n.,,,

17 »)) h,l. n' SO ...... don~m"'n.<Iu< .... > D •. I'< rll. fi. ", ,b. ... ,,)." ... " •. i>. ,""'r .,( I""'PI<. Th .. n... n. . .... , ........ goO"lI '" ' ..... " loo otp«>pl<. "hlnk "",,« P"Il ro bt ........... ,,'

p" i"n' ", .. orl? n •. I.............n. .'·"" .........

'n.""""•. I,h,"k· listening 121

122

".,ion, Y<>, ,h,", rijl.h" Or. I ,hink .h .. 1,..Ir'Y n, .."" )..... , ><. ge<ng '0 ha,-o, k>t"f m... 'i"~', I·.,io ... IVh .. ,""", .he g.>rdon ,nd ,h .. l)Q ,hey "",.n .n~" h;"~' Dr. \ 0._ l'Iow.", "'., po,i",·. ') ",1>01. s.., ,.. fIo" .... ',...'n 'h>l )""" .'. (etl;n~ J"l'i,i,,, ,OOu. ,he ru'" re. So mo)'1>o you alro.d!· k _""',u •h;, po .. ible promotion' r"ien' 1'10,1 ,li,I,,·, . Ill" i, ', ,,"', I ,no ''''r h,N'.' " "·,,,k .• nd I (""I "or)' J"l';'i," .bout rn" (u'u'" Ill.. '.n<Kwoo.m'· probl<m' .... M! !,""'km. ,,,,,,"i,hm, 1o" .. li;•. Doe, ,,11".' ,n),hi"s,i,...u"h>l? . Or. M"" y" i, do< • . Y"u'r< .ingk . .,cn', )"<"I' I' .. ien, Ycs, ",.11, di'<>I"<cd Or. "io!in mu.", ,.11> m.. ,on ".,,' ,,'n,. "",,,,,,, in )'"'' Iif.. - ).""',, tOul.i" ~ "" , 1"" ,,., I"""'P'? I'a,kn' y,,, y... I .m. In f'" I m.. , wom.n I." mo,uh _ 1rNIl,lil..h.. I ,hinl. I'm in 10" "'i,h I,.,. I'm .. ,,,",i,,~ h« ,,,ni~h,, Dr. I" ),,,u, d .. ,m )'ou "" ,n ",,-I i" , "«,, V.,ion. Yo •. • """"L.bi~,,,,'1 Or, Thc 0,,'1 I<"p",.en".n "kkr p.."'n_! 'honk )",,'11 n.... ,1 ,,, ..I. ,hi. 01,1.. , I.....on f,,, h.. I)'_ \h)'he ·n ~Io 'l'c '''' n' i. ~I.yhe )·n. n<od mrhdp? p .. ion, Well. )"' . whu I 1<.lh' w. n, '0 know i, d.,."hi. p<"on, ,hi> ",,,,mn M< ",.1

no,,·... ,

n''''

m, ,h,'"

8.",.", ,h.

,h;,

"'0'

M"n> So, .. ~·h .. "")"'" 1'"n~ ,,,down<n ~'QU fini,h ,oHog•• :-;"100' Ni,'" Vh . kt ,~ " . rhd I\·h .. >re you "ud!'inG in "'liege? Nion S""i<>Io~', Do d \\ h,' did "ou .hoos<: socioJog ~' >

I.)",,',

Nko B,·"u""r,t.ough,;,,,·.. ,, •• ) Mom h i, in '<f", 'in~' N ico I,", OK , I 'h ... II"hu w>< F ",il<' lik." . lin re ~i,I, M"inn' IX. )'Ou h".. 'n)' phC.<><ofher> Mom !'hot". oflmil!" \ cs, Wc h.." , h""SlInd. of pho'o>, S.... ,,"' 'ho ,ut<>t linl< girl. ",.." ', .h. lohn'

Oad Y".,I><",.. "

~ I ".,u,irllllill l .~ irl,

Nioo C. " I""somc? Emil)" Oh, no, pl<'", .\ l "m lolt" .•,,, ;ou b'i,,~ , ....

ph",,,,,II.,,,,,,,

.\\n," L<><>k. • nd ,hi. i,nn< "he" ,h. ,,'>< ,h,c;,

,·.,,,oId

d"",,,'.

,,,,,,he.

23 1)) N ioo Hi. ~_", il y.!>o rr~· I'm 1.«. Iw»"'",ohing,h< hig gan,o_ [mil)" \\".11 . rom. "" In ~ I",,,, tI", i, '<k· O. '<",n. ,hi,i.my"",," N ioo Ob ... l,,'1o. Mono 'l".,o ,ou. 1\;<0. Emily And,hi.i.,j,,·l).d, Dad Ildl<>, f\.i'"Q,

"'<e'

Nio" I '~11o Corn,' "" i",n 'he li"i ng "",,m

D.d \\"""Id you lik,. d,ink,l\i<o' Oro ng. ju i".

."o(Ia'

Nico Oh , ,h.nl->, I"h"_ r-n h..... , ",,1,. 1'.....", Mom You'", ,,~<o,';.n . .... n" you , '1"0' Nico Ye-, I " n. I'<'<o,,,lh' I ,hink oating .n im.l. i. ,0<,11) wrong_ Mum Ahem . w.II "hi>i. \<~",.h"'''''~'' '' 1""1.... you li ~< i" E"'il),,' D.d n,>de i" Dad An)' m~~I" .. gn •• Kit-o' N ico Oh, ul" "'" h,,,l<. [',n ,"" "rr)' hUllsr). Emily Tho I"'g'" I. dcliriou" I).d_ M o m Yo<. i, i<. O~d Th.nk)"" Em il)" I"IJ,I",hedL,I ... , .\10,,", Ihd "", I'll"" ,he",_

Listening

32 )))

,""·n-i.,..,,,

l>rtl .. In'~" ;~"' .. C .... k1 )'U"

d."",,,,,,., .",,1

Fran<n l

"ony

'''0 ~i'" u,. link

Oh,OK _

~37 1)) 10urn,I ." I ""i,· ... 1'h" "irpor' in San lu, n. PUOf'" Rirn ,,·h.,e I me, '1 ild •. So) \1".< :"ild . LncQ",.J •. So,, ~ilJ~ Jo"rn~li>t Nild"ookmc ,om)'ho<d .• ",,!h>l "."i"g " ..... n' '0 .... . od i. " '.. ,imo f'" m,,, '" ''''- I 10,,110 or"",,. "''''''' i,h "nd , dri';~ ;" H.'-. ,,><! ,I><" . ,~ forthHh ... l . I ... <Io"'n .. a ab"" ."d I "ie,I,o""1<-,, ""I•• nd. <hi,""n -""d,,,irh_fu, jih'''', ~"a ""J"'i':U Y"" """""d,,.lo

/-I,,,"

drpolJo.

W.ie« [""'auj,l~ J"urnali>t T.rri f><' no undo,,,,,,,,, ",., h< 11r« "'" • ..\1) p",n""""'iun ,,·.. n·, p<rfo<l, bu, I gm my .oo •• "d on) ",,,,I,, i,-h. I ,~.II" ""io)',d i'lIu, ,torn ,be nlO'" dlffi,"" 1"'''_ .',~i,, ~ for ,h ..

""i,.,

, I,,,'L, ,C",;n'".-.?

W.i«, ~";.Q"""'" Journal i« "r.Ii"",? W_i'~T !><;.M .... "' • .

D;d And ,hi> i>" I"," " .• w,'n' '0 Di,"o! WorW. Th,,', [mil; .. i,h Mic I. ..)' . ,," ~Ii",", _\[00"', " ieo "'h·Sh.",,, .... , ,, .... ,, n.~ \\,,,,,'d),,,, li k. <001,. Ki,,,' N kn Ye',~""',Jnh",

,,,,,,1-.,,

18 1)) r., ien, Wdl.)'". "I", I .... 11) ".""o~''''w i. d"""h i'I .. ,,,,,,. ,h i,w,,,,,,n , _Im/, ,,,.> O r. Iou I<"men,benh" cnd of your d",.m' YOU wIT< fo<ling <okP Pat;.n, Y.. ,m~'f""''' ... wrycolJ D r. \\,,.11. I ,hin~ I""h,p' )"~, ,,,.,d)· t.....,. ,Iw an,we, '" )'''U' qu,,, ;,,,,, I· .. i~ .. , Ynu ,ne '" , h' 10\" mo_ [)r. 1\", I don', ,hink.l(>, I '"ink l"'" will n«J 'u find ,,·oman.l'm ..,rrr. r"h,j'> "'" ,·.n find ."m,ono,," ,h. In"", .. ' I h,,, 1I... rol.-.I". "<1), ~ ,,·.b.i,.

O~d

Ni<o Did),," w."h ,h. t>i~ ~.m. 'hi' .'·.nin~ . 1".It,,> Th. l.k." .nd ,he l<l,ic._ I, "''' ",!ling, [h d '10. I ~idn ', ..·... h ;,_ I <Ion'. lik .. b .."',b,lI" .11. I" f.<t, I h ... i, Nko Oh

Molly ,\h..-.ru,d~·, "', tI,. e ml or,l" ,b) , w .. " ... ", "ngi"g In .1 .. '0<1 p<,(o« h,m,onr _I, ,,'" 'm>ling, In just Onc d". wc "'0111' "",. mu,h

G....,J m o ,nin~ ,001"·.k",,,., 0 "

'''''"J""' 1"'0;:"

'" "" ',, ."-';n ~ "",11. ,,,,," , .I"~i"g I", h< "odi<>. ,," h,'" ~r.""n. ,he di"'<t"r of' .inging«~ in ~1i.mi .• nd Moll,·.• >I''''.n,,, I-<.noo·, , ... h<><>1. G....,J mornin~ to both of y'~ ' F.. nou I Moll)" G"",I mumi"llI n'e,,·ie ..... M"' , F,,,,,,o,.. " "'>u ,dl U', wh,' i, i, • ~...'" id., ,-", J""~. ,n 1<>,"' '0 . ing' . Fr.neo F;",. 1>«".," .;nging m.k •• "ou f",,1 g"'-'.« 'in~ing i, 'W)' ~ f", ~""'f hc.lth. I"t<-"'k,, <' R ...II,·' In "h.. ",,? F.. ncu \1',,11, "h,,;, ,~, ... , '" '0 ;i"g)"" "..,J .0 k ,,,"O hr." h«orrw ly. rh . ..,,'o,) 'mpo",n!. And I'OU ,Iso k.rn '0 ".nd.nd """",.,1>. A" '",ul., poople" It<.> .ing "'" u(,rn in br"" <h'I'" .nd ho. I,h'" ,h.n p<opl. ,,1'0 ,100'-" I n'''<>';~'''", "'''' ."co. , <1"", • .-.,1)' for prof«'i",ul ,inge", FraneO No. not ".11. rhoy',c(u' <,,<,)'bvo.l) . You don-' n«d TO ho,-•• ny <xp<"ri<m-. wi,h ,i"~in~ And W" 00rt', n.....! 'u be ,b"',o , .. Il mu.11"<1<",.1<,,. '0

,i,

,in~'

Fran oo Th.,- .... ,,' h)' Ii"<ni"g ,nd "'I'<>ling. ~i"gins ",ell i, « , Ity ~5·'41i>"'";ng. I "<C "'ioWOI O K. Moll)". ,,11 ", ,-I .... Ho"'long did i' M "n) Onl) ",,, ,b) . I" ,he m"rn ing '0 .ix in , h<"'<n ing I n", ,,'io,,'or Could """ .I, rad,' , ing " .. 11 brfUh"

I",,'

,00,,' ,h.

Fro", ,e"

)',", " ..,cd'

M ull) I'u. no' ",,11. !\ .• ,I" .)" Il k.rl <i"gi"g_lIu, 1<>", ",.d mu.i< .• nd I n<"cr 'hough' I sang ,'cr<' ,,'oIl I n.cr'·;.wOl So "'h .. h.pp<n<d during .h. d " . ,' MolI ~' Wdl, ", did. M ofli>l.ni,,~ , ,,,I tor."bin~ ",,,'i,t< ... od "e ,.,,,.,,,1<t1",. ",h., I""f<~' i"g ,e<h" ;q"~ •. I ne.,,·ie..-.' \\,h>< <Of" of ,hinS" Molly Well, forcx.mplowole .. n.d'h .. i .....,i.r f(I ' iog high n",,, if y...... • iug" i.h •• u'pri,.-d 10.,,1. on ) '-"" (",-,' I n' e r ";." ·' r Oh .... 11,-, Cnuld ,-00 ,1Kw. u, ' Moll)' \\ cll.I"II "~· . I n,." -i.,,-,, For ,ho><' of)",,", h"", .. , ! '-'n prumi .. \011 ,hat Moll) 1",,1..<1 "") <url',i<td . W.", )OU h.pl')' wi,h )'our pr"!l"'"

r,,,,

Jou rnal", Si> nine,}' I u"do"",nd' 'llkla ~"''' Ill< ,i~h' p<>im..-.... ' h~rc ... I "e'r h'rp)'" i,h ,h",- ",,', "" "'.0' '-"', 0" 'h< 5ITOe'- l"<s, """'"" ''''''''' ''"'~ io~ for tlir<'<'t~"" ono undots"nding ,oc",. We "'~f< " " ' >""" .•no I had '0 ,rop somOOl1< ."d .. k hi", nr h~, ,-,,, 'n" neo .." ,Ir"g""'''', tm~f~."','ci4_ I >lopped, "·nn,,n . " r,,,,, I ,ll<ln', "",k,,,.rtd .nJ',hing <h, .. id! i'a .. o •. hy S',¥I w,Jow,m-h,,)' I" ><S"ud.. ""II~ .11" i:q"i~N", /1"-, U"~f.m"'ti~ '" ,~, C" Ik, Jou rna li., I •• ~.J ,h. "-un,"n ro <p<.k n,nrc

,,',<

,""u",

""'I'

~""'I)'

I' ..«f-hy Y.-..iad, .....ha Y 10",' I. "'R"",I,, c~ ll.·,,", i:q"dr-da ILQU1UU.lA, Journali>t I gO! i, ,hi, time_ I .hink. T ho ",oond " ..... , ul> .h. H •. I f"IIo"'rd ,he dir«,ion • • od ~""; "I .. ,>TI",,,,,,,,, ""'~>tu,, ,h .... ! SOl-on l"'in" '-,nm "lild. lost n.mocr 'hr« , I ..-.,n·, looking fo,,, .,cl,o ,hi. ono, I h.d "k, . ,ui hi._i,,1 plau i" J"",. '1ilillt " ror. olo"'n , .... n.m. of .hc p40c "". pie« of I"re', I, Ill< ",,,,. of '" ,,1<1 (..,.-, no .. !h, ocean . We STOp[><d Jo urna list U ,llo,,·o.po, fa •..,.· T " id,.i,'« iQ"<'il\dtmdc' Jo~'''ali .. H<.li .. ,,·,""' .... ,'"~I,,''' ',ri ..l,,~.in hUI ho <ti ll didn', und,""nd, I -..-.. d«p<'''' '" I "id ·fi>r' ,oiJ, ....' ....: T ..,idrh... ;,i/,.'(I .lIOffO. Journal;', Fin.II)·~ Nikl. "nl)' ~'" ",. fi", p<>i"I> ""'-'''''"_I .. ".1«1 "I' u,in~ Engli,h_ S,ill , "I.. ." I ""d. ,h. lIrh" u'M....... "d "h." I "",,,<d '" go, .1 nd '" '0 ,he fin.1 ,~", I h.d If> n><'''g' in ~r'nish on oo,,-,obody', ,,,,,",,,,iL 1 h.d." gi". m)' no"",. 'pell ;".nd .. k ,h. p<r<on <>11 m. b",-k, :<:ikl. m.' ,he ""mkt (i' "''' 'me ofh ... fr;"",!, n'In«1 I.ourd.,) OM I dul.d. I "',,' ,... Iing ' li" l~ "ef"",,,,, ,hi, I"-~'''' "",'OH" .. Iki ns on ,h. r""n, in. fore is '' I1ngu.g< i,

S."

'0.

,ax,

nc''''''''' L"orde. D'1'" '"

""i_

"'»'••

g"',

,,,,".,,.,..ok'P...,k w><,01

Jou, nal i.. Uh . B,,,,,,,,, ~ (J(J, ." Sm- M o." M • .<.,\1·I\· X.(ih" I''''j,..-() • . l("nw .."'·"'~n'-""h, Oh, )'~ ... ~ lQ, R:.IO, I 'll \0"''''0', Well . ",) sr.,,,n,", ..."n·, C"''''<t, bu, I left ,he n""""g<_ H,l f" n hour I.,Of. at oigh, ,hin)-. Lounjc, ,,!"'d me . S' Kce»! '1ikl. 8"-0 m, eigh' poin"_ ·I'h.. "'.. ,h" .. nd of ruy rot" ,..,IS. Kild. was h. pp!' with m•. My •• ",1 ....-M .. ,,", "," .... . I " .. ''')' b.pp" ",i,h ,h ... So hnw ",,,,h c," ''''' le"" in , ",,,n,h' Wdl. of oour«)"", <>n-, 10"" ~p.tni<h i" . """ITh , b." )'"" ,'.rt I.... " """ugh ,,, ' .. n-i,-.- if you'''' 0" "<>li"" " , (~, , 'rip. ~o" I wam '" ~o b.o~ '0 \I .. ning'''''. I)'C, .,>Cl ,'Y .n,I I"",,\ , on,. """,,<.;I\Jic,!

38 ))) IUDY \, ... ""CJk~ 11..,.. "c"Nt. ... "",,, ... JennJ h·.b< ... ,f~I"" ..... ;'n) i,~r'~'n~ rb" ;' ~· f...... "~rb«iD , ... Y.,d" Rob 1."h,it",V"u Jen"y l>Ot... 'o il dl",,"e' v. "",h..o~-J_

"" ....r Itn!> T" en",.' p"u AI ><'= nf,a;n in ,I.. n""";,,~,

Jenny T"l\.~ \ or~,Rob,

Rub r •• h,Of,,,,,,..,)'",h.l'l') , .n n)' Kc.lI) 1 rU"

Roob No. I,"e, "" ,

.,C"', i"" ",-,in~'h ..

,f.

''''''''.,.... '0 mJ pi"" • • l,er ....... l' 1<o.o.IId m.k< , .... """""hi"jt., .. ,w h..h hi". 11.<>1> r.lt... lldil<th.,. Thonks. ' e nny s.,.";'" do!Oll ,"" ...... ? An:~..... "'""! tu 1I".~.;n?

,.adY for .n).h,"\(.

[u n)' .\ ... ,.,... ..... ,""·"' 01.'

Rub Abw>iuI") Jonny 0 ... \\0"11",,1, I/<>."",n<!,,,,, .. ,,,,,,,,,,, ... Knb T .. \» Ucclwn'l

42 ;}) R nh T h" W""M~I)

,".,1. rh, "k •. I<"n).

' ~n n r

Th,, ',O K, Rob h', .. tu ~"'" txini In I\.~ Y~.k. )011 \;no..', """. o«~. o.l h<,. «m. ><. ,~.~ good d"",

,0 ..

(,"rn.

Jo nny R".II)" R.,,, r .. ~ , r .... Iooki"\': ,,,. """"",hinC """'_ Somah,o~~I!T..... ", \011 <n. rbeuko "P " 'i,h m, l(irlfriono.! ar~ .. _ b . "dOR r ...... ~ ...... Jonny 011 ,_ Rob W ... ~""! Jonny Wh .. ~ ....1 R,ob , .... _ ... L"iofl. h'('>~ J.o ny Oh. I"'" tw-n 'OU bu>' I<'«n' l} ID 'hink

'IV'

,.baul

.""'" <1'l,'.,..""ir" r."'inS ,hi. joI> 11 ,""

tn.OJui".......... 11)' tHg 'h,,,~ ;'" m._ Ill"""

"""Il."

Ih .. ·... kcn "p.1I m) ,imc.1>Il for )"'-' . Onl) 'hinLin~ • bou, "·o, ~ . r mo.n, J~n ny \1 h)' .1"ln·,)'O" .. 1I ",. )"" ,,'Cl'<"', r.d' .. ~ ".Illhi, mot"i,,~, \\. did,,', I",. togo fo,. 'un Rob 1""n'~'0Il".I' .... nl«.

Jonny W.II. I"m """ ) .... ,.... (<<Iinll "'""0< \\ ""Id _li' •• "",I><,c".-r... 1 Ro b 1'<0. , ... .,l , r ,hin \; I "","Id(lOt I»<k 10 ,"" """.I..,....I-." !!"" «.11y bu.) J.)' _tool . 0., ''''' h.... ,cltrho_ .... mbe. r".. ,n,! lo~ nr \·•• h buoll·.n' ... h ...... ,"!l"" . c.bon

,"" ..."'-

Roh Ob.O R,'h ... . J.nny 1'11>«)'0" io ,"" """'01"1:.'( )""',,, fffiiOJl.

Rub Oh.l"m ..... 1"11 ht fi .... Thonb .~,ill fot. ~

...... "'"m'''~,

' .nny .... oy"",.. Rob Goodn'llhl. Joo" ,- ~igh, . Roo ,

1.:,. in

Idon', k""", . bu. I'.,. S«""I ,..IIy " ... ,,..,r

.\>wr ir IIh.,<>nldo? 11"" \\ <1I. 1e,·..... if .... ".xp<" c,n h<lr

C"h... ,..,' eo,h ..

i". \10110. R",· in. H,,·, you ..1\;«1'0 )'''''' ...

~"Ir, nd .bQur Ihi. '

I.: .,'l n "110, I h,,·.n·,. I don', " -.m S" •• n .... '" 'hlnk J'mjuiou •. C • • h .. in~ "'ell. fo ... 1. h'"l you.bould "Ik '" ..,. ...... , l r...-r """' .... 1"«1•• ",1 ",tu,,J.., , hlnks '" 11.0 .... t.m ....... M"'be "'" ,h'n~, ~'. fi .... .Dd 'hhourd " "'1" i,.nd ...tu. I.: ..-In \\·r.... bOIIld I do,f.he .1"" fon< ..... ) he l>eh., ... l"m ,u ... he·II .."" oIoi"~ i" H.', prob.bIy "",'or 'r.,..~h' i, ...... pr<>bkn •.

i""

" ""'" OK. ,h.n". 1"1I .. lk 10 S",-"m. '"nigl"

52 1)) I '! M' ~ IKI "'" ".." c.lie, i •.\1 i....,b f",,,,

8 'Mklr·". lii, l!i ....do

Mit--. nda· Hi fl ..., And ...·h.,·. Y"",f"'.'bkmr M i.. nda ~h' prr>blem i ' '',' bm) b...b.ond·... ",f~. TIt", dh'Orttd fi,,, ,,,...... l""- brfurt I """ him. flul <It... illull. le"" """, ...·«k.., ch ... . nd of <hr ..... problem in htr- .1"" ........ 01" .. ith '"',"',........1.. 0)' •• U. hi"'.oo .,hh ,,,, ' .. •...- and hclp r..._ H "". 0....-. ..... , hu,b.l1><I h;r,-."bikl ... n .. irh hi. ox-... f.? ;\1i,ud. 1'.-." r- J",,', h..",.ny child ...... Th,, ', ... h,' I ,h,n \; oh< ,1"",1d ,,,}' out '" "'" I" .,.. Uo," C.,h.,i "". ""et 10 "-.,, Wh .. do "'., Ihi,, ~ Mi .. ",l.,r.,..lddo~ . ,

him.,

.""" .. ,,,

~ I ; ,.nd.

.\>ou,

""I f Y"" h ..". ptubkm .... i,k ""'" vi)""", f,;.".]" • ",I .' ",,'~ Ii \;. "". I'>l-'t.oIoJi" (' """not "'ail..,

h",bo""

'·... 1...,-.. H. Ih,"., i"mbei"ldi.T",,,h I lcl'<<I. _ .) f .... hi.ox-.Ir... on hr, _n .• nd ,be doo.n', r...-. ',""'A«. e., ,,,,.ia, OK. \I ••• nd.. do you r.." <10Y m.1t f• ......r..........."" >re i'''')II>'>d f""nd.!

;\I irand. Y... I h..·u;'irnd" .....dBiII \\ .... boo .. fri<ad ...... , I "'O • • C • •h.nn, ltu,·, f""("'" My ldvi<e i, Ihi" \\·hrtt ' ...... ho . bond'. <.·...-if< collo.nd ..bhin. , .... ' «< ...... ",11 B,Il.Dd •••• "l':" ,,, ........ nd d.n ..... "" Ii" ,,, ,he ..,..,.-i •• , F ,n-y h"'NOd m.." hi, .. or h.. a r.-...g «11 . ,!w" '00 me<! Kill '" b.", along plto .... «11, ! ,.11

"''''''/:<''.

'h,,-. nd

'i""'>""",

I'r.......

)..... ..,.....d\olu.ju.. ,·.llu... Hloo-;iS5.SSOU Ou, fo, .. , .. n", """., i. K.. in flOOl .\d..... .

• I"cllo. K... n_ K" 'in H,. lio>l 1\ ""probI<m~ " .. in , .... M,' proI:oI<m i"d,h "'1' b.".d,i<nd. ~ bo. \\dl. ,be "''''~'', h<', .... ~-. n''''''Il'''ifh "'.' ~"I{,itnd. 110<. bt .. friend 01" ... IIh ''OU< g•• lf.itl><lr

M ... .,d. I 'hink 'h .... ' g"" irr.-.. Th.". "~wo L.,h<,i,.. .\I><I,r.. "••,e.lkri, ..

fl""

i\6)))

'''''IW<'ri~g n'i;hl '(I TIt •• r..1><I """._ , ......... • ,... ,~.r.bI,no nlin IOuthG..,...... _, , " , _ _

.• """, III 100)·....:

nr., t..J ,,," . . . ""'

.;.-pon-for !~ hou ... "".S>-.n""""""" .\In. S'-''''''''IIO -W. joo .. ,,,,,,,,bot

'hi"".. ... ""' , -11 ,,,, \\ h<o rlor> fi ... lk' 11'" '0 Th.,~nd.,"'"

had. Id.-.". (......... k,.1Iuot Ih" .. " It.. 1.0.. li.... ,h<I·e<>r>1d .... Ih .dn_' mmTh.it.ndtbr Ilr.. 'u ,j,~ isl.nd ""1010 in 1"""",,,,1.1.' I"'f'UIu , .... " lUn ~''';n ., ion_ \\ 'h<" ,h.....1>-.-.1 In II..rJo .h.) ....... . ~j>«'fi"g blue , k... , .oo ,un, bu, .. ho, .1><),11'" ...~ .. "",bl< "",mOo" .. in< ,h< ........

"""'..,.,"0 '-0' ".,,,, ..,t>. •~I ... ~,."" .~m .... id

M ". S.'anSC'''"' -~.;~ ~ .... '.... ,hi"~ln~. "h..

.. ,11 h,pp<n n",'110 .. T~<)' &,'.1«1 "'" '0".,. '" 1101 •. bu' ,,, 80 '" ~""r>li •. The) Ilr.. I" r" "h in "~""'n bu, ..-.d. ibI< fort .. r" •••• nd Ih< ......1> ...<ft f" II'" , """"'. T ..... """h "'('0 ad • ..1>-..1 ju.. iD ,i .... ('" (' )',Iunr. \ ..1* __ <J ,..,. .."'" ..'<Ioncsc--.:-r1O hio ,ht d" ........ Iu.d '0

A."".Ii., h,,,,,,.h••,........ "'O._I,....

"""h i."•.•

,,,,',I<d

..... ~ ,r.:.;, hottI.r>d '('tl><l H

hurt .. ,n • .....".. .. g

co" .. , ... IIh 1.;00","" J>«'I'k Lould 'b' ,,~.l!""' h<. ,he) ",,,Id I"" ~ ..."",.oo. f. ",il. kf' C.i,nund " •• <Ird ..,."n 10 11, .<1>.1, ... '" ,'i", (,it .. d •. bu, ,Ire c,,) .... ",rrrting (,om ,Ire 1looJ, io i" hi.""y ~o Ih<l !.-{, Ilri.ba ... ,"cl i>oo~ ..I.;,I,,,,, "CkOl' ,0 CI,;i,,, hu,,'h in ~<". Lc .I ""I. KUI i"" btlon: ,hei, ~'"'' kfl 8.,.1>1" •. ",mc '-".,~I. ,,,II<J ,h.n. '''''''In" CI".",·nl"en hid I>t<n I", b) ,n urrhG"'-.<c ."d. 1'')..''1'''' uf'h< <10. " .. ,1.-,""l',J rI" .. I.."r..r ,n ."",h., c~ y.'\""l], nd n... " .. ·oied ...... Lt ,I.1><n '''''1 (I,..., '" f.r",D On ~I ..<h I lrh.lht-)- ... t'K ....,·i"l'"rI<h ill , ......." ... in T.-.I.,,,,, brn .lkidmly ""I),h,OJI. .bok •. I...·., OD .... .,boj... i ... .... I.... R, ,. ...... "".k.nd ...... oi ,..,. ........ ,h ..... ..

.n,' ....,..,."

"'Of.,

rr.o;,

,,""II....

"'s.n..,

I.. , J;oI"D .'\ r>d .ff<1'

u, ..

'Ioeu"""...k.-.... .

....-. ..... DII .... n'mi. k>o-.un ... I). M, .ad Mt< . ~ ...""....... 1><1 ,r...., cbild " ..... "'. bu". Th<-, " .."clod f", m fol"n '" Chi", ('" ,11< b" 1"" '" ,r..-;....... ion. I ",·l il). ,h,,' didn', h;r .... n, ....... ".",~.I Ji.;u,et'._.. "I ,,,..,. " ,i,~ ... fol) I" ", ... In ~,<><UlUlm ~n ;\I>r<h Z~,h , ~ I,. S,·." .. ron, ",..I .\ t,. s.-a"" ' Om -11 < h.." 1.. ,,,,,I,h.. In lif.~..... . hQ"ld . h" ay"'!"," ,h. h", h"I'" furl"" bt" .... 1"'. p-''' """I '" b< pr<p ....1(," ,n, ,hl"lI:

"'Of",

53 ))) C., h.,ln. Ili, \h,."do. W.ll. fi, .. , h," )."., ~"'" .buo" ,hi,?

""'" ..., ~ h.... horl,.",;,,~,.nd h.·II«op _"'~

Ho .. \\ .1",,,,,, ' 0 ,hi ... ..,.,ning· •• di, ..... ",""'ha.:. ,h. probk .. , Too.,.. ...'.·.e .. ILing f • ....,d ...

'""'It

Ji'lf'~1

hi,,,

50 )))

b.'·..

,tu,_

51 I))

I,.f.n,."".

, "lIIY r"" ""cd In~.. in .h.p<. 11."" Ito" Il"",,· I.n" I", .;«cl Qf """11 00 1,,\I rh. ,;"",11 i,"', p<>d 10< nl) r.~",. '.""Y 'h< ",..." .... tJ ...... go "'! Wh,- don", )·.... r

R ob Oh ) ..'''",

" nln \ ... "'bon ,he ,h ..... '" u.... '''''''bot ht ,I ...,." "'l', .hlng> 10 ml-airlr. .."" liL.. - 11 ",,' YOIIIooI< ....,; .. ~ ,ucbl-- or -1 1" ... )"'" d.",•. Sa ......: ,h i"l' lik Ar>d" ben " '....... 1""" ......... )'...k. he. ,,, J."", H,.. , On._ , hi nkhe ·.inl""',, ~ h ..... ,

10 ))) 1-'... J r I."I~ )' -Hdu; >< "-ill ,,,: R~.do . ... id H.,,!.) .ag.ilj· H • • olo,. " I h ...,,', r..d.-.r..;r..-il"'-,....,wrm. "lK' I rn« 11< •. you .... ri~bot. I .,' ....... _H.. ~'" m u .. iI" "" ...... 1t ....."" )'''' ........ " ...........11

8Ol h.......... ,.I..,L:

\'i"i,nn~

PfOl'''''

xc!>n , nd I',.h 5o.. R..'--",,,"" INi. f"", """,'h "'rl.., Thoy ...... " ... I, ,,JI. . ·I,b 'h<i'Y""n~"'~ "'''gMet'. n.... ' he)' fk.,. from ),odi>olm '" '(unit_ Bu, ,,'Ire .. ,r- .. ,,,..r in M"nio., ,ht-)' """Idn', l!'" ,h.. ,

0...-,,,,"'"

,"bo)""'''-

R,.d" , ~he ""->I..,] in,o h ........ nd r I.".". ,,,,,Id h.r<lI, 1><1 ... , ... h" It><k. .

H."l.;- -Ptom'« "..:

Road •• h... id ,

Viv.enno -Irromi« ,R~.dN

"I"'.'.,] Vii-ion"", ..,'(1). A, l!w ,1000- hi>

,u,nc-d .nJ I...-.k"] ,,11<, h.ppil.•,.

H .. rr.y -I ,,'i 11 _<Im< ('" ...... ,~"""''''''': Kud • •

11.,.. .... ad '" foo l'h ....1l oncLry.lhe i .... rtd.iblo <tOn. ni. ~ .. ..r~COIIpIc ,,-tr<o "",M ......... ,>OD.r>d ..... w..r nu ko<..... ho .. ........ ... " ... Id'.....,.!

-·fIoc .. :

"'d'

Mead", i,-ion ..... I ·iyi.no. -m) ......-...i.) ..... I ..

r...>ald.

VII'lo oo. "T•......,,,,,,,·:

""''''p<.....r .. ~h ..'''il<. \,,_..nd (, ..... min."". w." H... It~ >I"Pf'<"I off ,I>< ... ,n i, "Dpp..! in ,1>0 ... "" ....... nd ... n."" 10." bOII ... I'.., .. . rw ...... nI ,hedoot .......... D ..n10 hi",_ ~ h>d bLo<lha...nd " ',, ".~"o~ • ~ .. hil' d...... T~-k;.......r_.ad,,~lko<linto 111< ""', ...

R •• J ..

w"'"

Listening

123

..., r, .... I j"" did"', lil. ,""m. bill "' .... ,I>< ,r." "'Y (~Iing> ...,.. , .....,N '" .....

1l ~ Pa.. "

H a«I<y" ,,-If. -Mf """hor I. """"," Reader ,.n ..id Hude,.'> " ir....... , 101><", W•• ;n~ ,n ... If.n buoo. s.a.. eu.. '" h.... d,n ..... boo, _h;n~ '"

,ht."...

,hcrt",

H a.. ky -, h>.. """",hi,..1O r<1l ",..: Rn"", ",;.I H''')of 11,,, b"I", .. d """"'h;n~ in ht ...,. Hi." 1(, ........ " •••1. H« ,"1n,. .un"inl inl" ,h. ".11, Th< ><, ...,>«1 ".in, bu, j. ~ ••• h.p~' .., ..... m -Ih"ound...c.

WO"""

1ftO{n.,

"or,

"',..,," ~ h" .. h.,\Nod 10>.,1 ·Oh.n..... h.,!R .. d e r ,,",e.;...I, 11',,1<)", .. if. "\\'h. , do)'K' ,hl"~> \'~'i<nn< i. ('Un\; be Sh< " ,... c<><>I: rh ...... ~h rh< """',.....,..... ',. ~I,". png '" be "",,! 11."I.y'. w if~

"It'" 0,,, """'"

... nd_.<I<...•

R u dr.

w",jJ ..... hoolNon~.

....1H.""<cID k ••·• SI.. h,,, ....... drunk .g.... • 1101.,_·

c,«>d ...·.n in~ .nd "·ck.,.,,. ,,, Top ...... oIJ. "", .... kl'· m"... I"~.m,.,.] "",i~'" ,he foe" ... on I... ,,' mu."' .... En.iquc IgIc.i", ... , r,n ,n .. l"".1I k""". F "'Iq"" Igle,l., i, , ... "'" of ,11< S,..ni.h .I"K« Jul;o 'Shl.. , .. Ix> i,"n' of .",,«.. ful.i n~"'II ."i." "f.lI, i,,,e. Cn'~lu' ..... born I" M . d,id. ~p. in in 19"~

,h.

,h. ""'"

11" " .......... i. 1.. 1><1 r ..,... ", •.• joum,I", . "d 1 \ Iw ..., (mm , ... 1'1"11,,,,,":•. \\ lien be .. ,. ,k.~ <>Id hi. r> ... nl> ~"" di~ on" 10.. , "'"

!"'"

,,,,,,"<11 ,,,

Mu"" ,,, h .....;,h hi. (........ , li .... " .... "ud";B~

",,..! ,,,h«omc. mu.i""" ,n mu''''

..... , Iwc... ..-"" .... f!.-dodn·, Wo·.n, hi. (., .... k _' >bour h" .......... nd ... did"', ",.. nolO~" It" I...

f.""""

ft ..... ,,, ..... "'.u.{ul"" .......... ~M

20ll) InI on ;",,'• • o.,}"" .... ,.. on. p""",,".1 ... h •. I"ml<. "f"...J"fb." Ln' ... ;...... Rully' 11.,.. lon~ h".. Y"" had , ....

phul.,'

.bo..,

r.... 'l ),o ...! ~;rK.1 "" I ! )"'" old .... [ n'l"" 10""1 ..,, h.d • • ~ imm"'~ l....,j .• nd ,h.· ,h,on~i ,,~""""''' ~'cr< in '" u~1 bu,lding ",:>. ,1,.I'f""'I. On ,h. r",. J,) "

A 1'.. h. d" for

,,,,I><;00I OIl' , • ..:~ ,<>Id~,

.,,<1

,h,o, ,be", ~'.r<"'''

in 11..,. ,h" ..... """kln·' "....... .,."",nd '"" nm, h ' -....., 'boy mi~h' ,"" il~'in8 ."""ocI.nd F' in" .. "", ... i., ~ho .100 ........ """'Id"', , ... ~ ,,,," ,....10,"11> bee...... , hi, """,Id ... kc"p ,h. loo, .. \\'~ h><l ... du.~... ,,~ .. ;.:Uy • nd ~ .....Iy .. p<><>ibIt, I n.~" I. .. or Dod.".' ..... 111 i .. " l"'" A :-'O'_h"......... Iu.~.""., " f....

..·....."'Ir'

i'...." ... ' ......"'·ut'~

'n, •• vl ~"·. r t.lon k .ff.., ,,.,.,, life ...m

... Yr<. I M.e .. r..1" 'r ne,,"'"

"",,'ok ..

Of .... " 10 ".n;':

ifr.. h.a i,',l><ginning '''~« d ..k, .. hi<h i ......n b,o, "1'1'<". 1(l'm ,~'i"g in '''y )',rd in Ih, " .."ini' I .,",~. ""... ",nni.

."'ko< ...... if. "" 11",. "".. ,n'. I c•• proI"" m..."'f, ",,,dl c.n ',,, ", I, ,n' doe. "",.",)"

.li..." I...........nn luul ., ,hem in r"'-"'"

o.,""'''"".n,·pl>ob;'','

! In, ... Ie..'« 11 1'0 •• 1i<' "'''1 ",d d, .. "n.>phobt. In, . " 10.... H.....· IotI' 10... J"" It&d ,I>< r""""? S I' ........ " eeI OIl< ....... nin~ ~' • "',. I .... pn~!U ,,000: ..... ,h. ".in.• nd ~ ..·as

.hou, "'. ....

, ....."""'tkd.I ... " ... ,Iu .. k"" ,Iuo i( ,,,,,= ..·.;., .n ............,. I'd .......... ¥" 0,,,.1 hod.p'''''

."",l.'''] I _, ... f.l, m,lwot" b..'ing '"rtl quickl, ,h.d ,n", o/f,h. ",in. , . ...., i...·.r H"",d<><. ) ..... , pbnIti.o "T..,[ l"'" h(.' H \\.11. L.. n·, .....1"" '''''''do<l ... "".1 n,,,,,,

...'" " ..·. 1".' ,.. 'ub,,")' bn:,,,,, m)" " ..,,,'" "i~k' n'''~ """IJ b. if, ... , .. in ,,<>w<d i .. "'" ,"",..:1. I .1"" " l '0 .. "id 01''''''0''. Wh ...1",'

Oh, 1<'. if 1'", ",.i"8..1 h"'r 10 k.". ,n .i,1c ..... I b)' ,... " ""I",,'.

'3"" .1,

3 I", .."I.,.,•• Do ,,,.. h..·• any phobia.?

re •. I "',·r. I"" '1 ""u,•• 1phobi. r", "'....d

oI"c"""'""

1" .." i ...·.r O,,..'n ..... U, >H",,' IotIg "',. 'ou I...!i,' C 1... 1wI k ...". .Iun~ ,i"... Si",.1 ,..... ,·~,Id. '".. rvi........ I"... did~"",'

C \f..n.I .......""'" I....... "". ",b<>oI «ip'" 'he c'im" .. ~ I",~ ••ixor ..... " ) .... <>Id.nd , ....... >o .... .;to.. .,. I ,hough< ,..,. """" _, '"

•• ~p;d t:....l ... ,.., ""'I:-.f•• ;.I .,r,lwoo. T..... I

.. "" ' U. bott hd'1 ",.. v.nd , ...... " ... '''''''·n.

..'" ,hr, "". ,'-'i"S", ....... '" ".int ou.

f...... nd I found I d"'n', lik. being [.,,,. 'h .....

............1'" ""'p '0 ......n,1 ~ """!,,ni«. he.O<"< ..-.:n,u. lh· gu<' ,on, ,"', .'i,h. \luk .. n ~OnJ 'Dm,,"'y I ....... .1 .. hi, ro .... lboIm.<>I1<d Eh,.,",laJ<>ioo' in 1995''''''''h "'""hi,,,, G,.n,my. Hc.lotftm' do ,,,',, n ....... Ibum" ,nJ ""I,od n"n,' hi .. on , ... .h."" A, fo ... . Ion,Iq';. ,.n~ ",.inl~· in ~j1."i.h bu, I.. ~, 10< "~'n ,,,.ing m<>r' ."d ........c In

("i" "'"''''

F "~Ii'h'()O.

Ill. f"""h .1I",nl. tv:~P' in 200 I , " .•• hi' blW" ''''''m«<I.I .....« .. ",d ,ncluded ,11< F"'.I".nd 11,...,.• ""~ Eogli.h ... hk'~ .... • n.. hll • • 1I "'... ,h< ....... Id . nd ", • .1< En'''I'''" . n ''''''n&lIon.I .... <;OM. [hcn be "', m>doli", (>IM .lbwoo •• nd .....I"'h.... r. .. wi"g"""'n ___ w' • ndT\ .t.n..... AI", I. WOI. "'I>rg ... do'i"~ , ... Rn ..... " '~n"i. pL.,......... ", K"" •• ;ko>~. boo, ,hey I.rv< ,..... rclari"...,,'I"-uy pri>'''. Todoy En'Iq'" I~"""I. n;;"I'n,,'" ...... of' ... """" POI"'''''

"nv<,

.",,,.inL",,.... ,"".ic .. l,rb .. ~ l oomil"'"

.Ib"m.... 10". m.k .. him ....... .tll... ",.11 ,im<,

List ening

"'hn~

in .."·"' ..·.

r""

,«nI; 'on" ~, .... , phn'M. ""', T h")",,

.... 11)' "ic<.

h.,...

Ilnll y llun l , Hr). \eo', n",,,,.«,(f~ ~nb I duft·, 1...-', I h.". ,,, g<' '" \ta"~.".,, lIo lly , '"" olt>n., 10.,,, tu ' " .igh' _ '.

Rob rm ......" .... I"""·' ..·.""obe ..... , HOlly \\ h,' do) .... "'''' rof" toM, ..

Rob ..... p

""",,!

Holly ......... H·""Iu'... d><.!

"M .. "h.~'boJ, I ~...-'>

R o b 1' 0. " i'n~ .... '" .. " .• '1C1I . . . . . . . .......1

,,,,.,m"" ....,,;....,,.

",,",M I

.,«lIy ·1h.<""".) An .. ti<,a , 111"""'._

« ....(~. Rob OK, J"nn)" Rnb1

Hnlly I, ,h .. ~< ... I."nifcr? Jenny Dh.h,HoIly.... .... i.l1.ob,""<01 I lolly , '., ,, . ......, .."",d . Roll! I'nt . n)'bu<I) 11 "" .... h"h?

Roh Hi.lenn, J.nny /l.ob? A,,, 'OIl ..ill in U.....,&.I,',,? RGb

"'b)'''''''',,,, ~ 1»<1

in.id< ''''' ",.. . " .. n,r Jenny I .... i''''1 for '" bouT fOr- l"'" I ....... ', .... n' ,n " " ;,. ... ")'",,",0.

Rnb M ... "" "'."",,ld .. . ". _ould i" fot. ",.l~ \\.

<,.",Id t'i"d . ""' ;,.. ,.,," u'"'' ,onn)' 1don', (.. l li l • • ,,·.I k. I, ', be.n. Jo.,nM do) Ko b OK J''''', S,,, ,10< "iSh[ i, «ill ~ "g. \1""')<><1 """ ,; .... '" " .... up "'i,h 11011)' .g.in . Rob H.,Jh·? Je" "y 1'''': .",ry'. 1 didn·' ........ o .... r ' h" R n h l olt>n·H..... boo"luIh J~""y h><i<C il. RoI>. :<:"" if)"" dtoot·, ml"". I'd hI«'

R .. b I.""'"'' me.l< n .... I k>l1>

Jenny l .. od

forsc1 il ,,'.01>.

"iu>< • ,,~I .. ~ ...

Rob lo.o.iI .... ·'OK. LooI.. 1~ ......·l'm .ho·" .. La .. ... nd I l """ ,be """"1"",nd ,,,10. ",h.. , 8", I"m "'" i"'..... ''''1 in H"I:-.

,b.,', ,..., '''' ""''''!

' .. n.. ,n " .... Y<>r\ bK.u .. of)<><1. TO. "".,. I"" ... n I"m in'''''''''''' in;, )'I)u!

37 »)

11"" G, ...... ft,,"oort .• nd ..·.h,"'.. ,,, ,,,,,,,h..

..1;""" "i.\.;~.u TooIlI)'. 0" ""t.y"' P""i"m ....

... going '0 ..... . "",", "'nmcn in","",,,.. \\ hon .... 'h,nkQff.......,i"'.. n'onn u. u. lI, 'hinl of .... n.I""'I'''' lik. ""'"ndo. G .. h.,n Boil •

G'ljIlirl"", M.n:oni.1"loum>. Fdi<nn. B", ... ""ly ..·iIl ,011 .... nl>n) ..., ... , bi"r ' b< .... 1. "'" I;"'" r ......

,odo, ......

i"'''n«"<l~'

.. _

5. U, n..,·,.t.onIu,oh· riC'" l ..·,,, l..<,he d"h ..·• ."." fOr- ~""",". Th i' .... In'-.:n«"<l ..... ""om:on ...1DO'd I<"<r'linc (.oo:h ...... ... I~H6. ~ ..... ~, •• i<:h .\r1lC'ri<." ... "" ~ .... ~"

of dUI"'" P'''''''' B..."" w.~ ....",')'" ,h .. her .... . ",. " ..... '" b,ut pU, .... nd 11'..":< .......

'''.t,... 11... P''',", SU.

,It .. c<)ll Id ,,· .. h ...... "fr,I.,« • nd ~b, ... , ., r.1 y. App ......", , ,,...id,"1 nobudy .... i'lI"'"i '0

In",,,' • di.It ..·.. he" ,h. n I .. ill~' Sbe d<lillnod ,h."",<hin ... nII ,hoD ,h~ (oo ,od • '''"'pu", tu ",.k, i,. ,\, r,,,, ""') "",.1•• nd ...."" .... " """gh, Jo>rphin<·.1l<W """bin. I,,,, ,«d.), ,1>0 diohn,he. i,~!I«! by ",i""'''' of ['<'O!'k .1I",.." , ..... cwId ~c.. "'os I"'..... '''' "r an ..... bu,;, ...... ............ ~b" Ande""" . ..1>11111 1901 '''" ... """ of,,,, rmbkmo'" d.;, i"ll' I n'i' ..... i, ..... i"'",,"ibit f<Jl' ....... ,...., ...."'e"'..... hrn i, ..·....;lIi.,OI" ....,... '''11. They h>d 10.."....' bci ... ,nd",,·. 11><

in".''''''''

Rob .IImh"''''

l'IoIly

Rob I ..id I'm >01',. 1.<""-.

'Ilr) ........·..)" ng , ...

HOII)' I h" ..... ~ d,," .... u.k , Rob, \"" ""I.

Rob

...'IUII.. 1'''' .........w)•. ,,', (11.",..10,,., It'

I<.... ,.."in. docided 'u Ir~ . nd in,,,n,. m"hi...

,~.h

Jenny Y.... l _· ,be ........,""'" ,be .......""N'. r.". .. ~h' .• iJh'> R ob 111 I>< ,he ... 'OIl. """ Jo I ,"«0

nn..., ....."

C.._kb \ ',II"!I' <Kt ,be ",bw>' >

35)) R o h I<nn,·'r ... berr Jun)' lli Rob I·m .. '''''')' Ih ..... ~'~I<rMIornon'hr

"n,lr,g,,,,,nd,

.r,"" ks,

i)31 I)) 1110>1

";1"·1 .

,. nft, 1... bcftlh<tt,.;".,.. ....... ~ ...,)·f,,< R..b 11_'. I .. n (rom ,b. ~nJrrg""'n.d ... "'b ..... Juny y",,'.. . I....p

29)))

"",i ..... " ,b< Ufti>-n.i" "'''urni. b", lot k(, .1 ,n

Ibrel.,", ,,-if. ").... m"",,,,,,,,''''l~d''D.nd

In" "";""''' O""'~...... phohi:.. /f«,)""'.hf... • 11' l: 1'(>1 ....11' Iwc ..... luclih I dtoot·, ... no.. n. , .... ) "',.n'

lonn,' \\.c.II ;"be ... t..... ~~ Rob Ri&h' .\"'·... ).,"' ... i" .. opprdf<or.b.>u, ,.." ... y m'DII,.,.1 "ied ,n c,\I "'" , .......... , ""

boti.t<...

d.,,·... ,n '"

... " .. '" "".,", in" .... ';oo, \\ ind"'..:1d "'1""', ... " ,"'..... 'ion ,,,,.Mlni.. .,. imp""'''' 'hr I"" ... million. of rrot.... "'as d'.po",b ... cl"'I"'" I h.. " ....... ;", .. "ed ",. . ..,,"U " "'''~ Mu"", u.";.".. ,,. He< r.. he. ~nd "nd....... i""",or" ,",1..·It.n ,hc h. d ,'""n ~ , I, i M., n.• h. ,., do ..' n .nd i",·~ .. t«l , d",P'" It" }''''' 'O<1ld~ .... ",111 .. " ,h~.,,·. y. "'n~body ... hoh .. . ..,.. II b..b) ",11 k"",,· .. 10.. , b,~ diffe .. n« di'l"'"bk ,I",,,,.. ....~ .. ,,,"", Ii,'~" B~' . hhuugh >he in'''''''''' I, in 19.>O. i' ..·.. n·'unrill961 ,h .. an . \,., .. k.n (0["1""1 """gh, M....... ·, id.. , l'<>l'r. ""'"" ,lun !! ... illion di.poAbIo cli,!"","'" u1Cd ...,," cl,,· .and i ........ 'ion h .. bc<tI mode .......... u· f.i<ndh'. 'I"" "'" "" ~""blrdiaP'''! "",1<_ ,,, ..... , ""~<i . ....... """. In 1~!6. Boo" , ... ",i,h (; .. h........ , ......1 '''f. ............".

""ion',

botr

I i.~.1I ......,ri. . ., . .... "

..... . ". ",od "'11'" f,~,,,.,,,,1 ,od 'RII'Y............ 1''''8 mi", k.... In , ho«do,.. if)..........,.... "' .... ~ •• l_ <-.:I"Y

.....s.."

It..! " ... F" "" ........... '" I"P' • • nd ..." .s"n

tr",n ,I><ginnlO ~ T .... n."" h,d • brm ....

kWa ...,hi<:h .. .. t... " ....·hi'e ,,,, •• , to !"ttlt

i>l.I:o,. H.. 'n'·..,-'""'" it call~d '" ki'~·ou, rod,)'. \ 11>, Gc.han, ""' . Jh-o<<<d rnn, h... nd 1\<, in,'o",;"" m. do ".. , '''')' ,kh "'Orn,,, H.. ..,... Mi k~ ""'rnirb. ""nn .. a r.......... pop " .. _h.- ..... EMtt, .... oId"'Am<1".,,.,,, ..... p. 1"" M'" ....

M"" l ... , .

,...,. "",h '0\'.

......-,WtJ

Aad fi,,"lI~ po'i<:~nffl.:." . ....!dIn....... p<>I;.K .... ' .11 v'" ..... "",Id ... """..:f<'d by

~:~;S ~~';i;::.;·;~,~;,':;·;~:,1 :~;t~h';'':'-'~''''

"'" .... hing th .. "''' ;nl'~.",d ",.• "'·nm." In ' Q('(' S'<phani< K"', >Ie\ ,,'-no,.d , .. I... . 'p<d,' m"~''''' ,h ....'• • " 'r hjJu- b., incfi"tl,h',' ""-"'g. m",," """'I<' ,h.n n.... '. Tlti> m., .. b' i, u..-d

""n" n.'''''' ofto"

,,,m.I« bul....""""~, St~.m.·. in..

n( ....

h.. pmh.>bI) .. ,.~ thnu","'" ofl".... 11"., '","n l )"" ,...,.""",h. s.'~ ir)"'" ,hootpr. 'h...·.-e'}, hi,'!: "" im".-.ro '" n"", ,hi,," .g.in.

.......

4 6 )))

~.I'"

".<C. «>" r",,,,,, <lKe" hen ,i,\,,' f ..... ,h.n 'he "",,,1

"'') OOoI..d tr ••d

.~n' .1 """"

•• ",.I«l OIl' " d .. h«._ h.- tbougbl """M l ....';,b ,"" .. no< ... _ ..... ",L".k<. 11", t ..... ;. ...... , hing.1\a< ,M ...'n Krlh .

,!u,

bootin~

dc •• ahnu, - ,fth.. ""," childrtn ,~. tlrfiDi ..I)· won', mm< 'ht'" " .11):

• . . ''eT''

12 ))) '.nn~·

'e>n·,bdi<.. ;, y,."","",hhcre l."" •• 1y

",., "·'I-"--",r'$I:.

Ho•• O Mlr""" koochoool'

A r-.<>.deiini' oIj "'"

Ro b

H .... Wh.,? A ',' idn',jike

,. nny \ ' e ' ''''' h', brnt. .....,",."...;". "'" Rot. 8u, ..:",",'

n"''' "'m. cb .... _ L..... . ....-.~,

""'od... ,," h;md ex'n" A,id ,h • ..-or" ,hin, nr 111 w• • I'F. WIt<"" Wen, '0 «,"-">I ,,< ...d '0 ""'''.~by, "gh, " .... 1 U..... I);d r"" l, l ... hod? R • ""·«Iokm<n.. <~ ><b:><>l. bu, 'd;dn', ...... 1-

'''''.f<,

l~_.r,. h. d.g ...u,i""'.,.n.)

j.",,) ""'011" be the ... ", •• I,,-n ~",,'rr In I.""""'" . ''''I'mh....

lI ob Bu, " '<,II,,iII bc in ' ou<h. y"" ,,,. ,,,i, "'" iD , ",.ion 'nd I " n . """, b>ck ... ,., '" __ y..... '. nny'."ill ......."""' ..........

' ;l.h,~b_.

R .. b M.N>.it .."",·.

11 ".. \\'b~ "",1 B \\ oiL n') h,~h ><hooI..-,,,·<t)· '~k .o,d i, "'." 'IOU of rokl . "d ;"'1"""""'" It ,ook "". "et) lung '''''' her"", I And l"m "'" ,..11,·

,e n ny \Ia,·b.- ,'"""kI«... ,~!u, l

k', "',"',,., , ", .",. , "·."....,.'oa..

,,,. )' 1<~IC.bu"he "'~"'" Iood • .,., ............ o.k .. hlch' h.. <d Uo., I);.;ho.. tol." hoo." C l:k.~ ... ldid. 11 0"' Wh)?

.,>

i.;.."", .......

4 U .... f);,h"" Itk< «h",,"

,' 1o,.-uih H .... Why? I) h" ••• boy.' .. .....,. .• od I p .

"h """.11 .b.

Ii,," bt, f«l up

wi,h ju," I><;a .... 'i .... \ 11 .... DidJ .... Iik<ocbonl' t: Ir...,. .i~h'- s.,.". por" ....... b.-t'C"!" , .... " otl-.r",. of <OIl ..... ' ThHl ...", 'Ii ~ <d ,..... 11)· dcl'"",kJ on <0 . . "'" So fo, ' .. n'I~' ph) ,I,. .od F.n ~li>h "'0'" b .. <hemi .. ,,. ''''' h;",,,,~, ....." ""il>l., I;&..-.I .rot...• ".,~ i"

.1'

,h. i'"'' ",,,,,,,'Iy

''''''''in'or.I ........ _&«<'f.Wod. .. _ . and 1'", >fill in ,_h .. ith. f<,..of,_ JO)'t'>n

.. , .... '" I ,uppo<e ,h •• ,> ""';';''01 11..., I)Hl,""Uk ... I~. ~ ~ F Aetu. U)". I '0 ,ull) 1",-. "-h"",. U ....., n u fi n • . , nd , ., .. 'l" J;d",,1I h .. ini '0 "'Dl k ''''' "'"nI. 11., ,h. ,...,"""'" , .....«l ><hooI

",rJ

"'i' '''''''

""J.

"' .. h«u><' I .... d . "") Jl:<-ud ...a. 1lit<- I loo '" f. i<OO, ........" u....t 10 ploy buket"'" "" ,lot pLayg"", ••.ht "'"d"i,...1 .. ~.""" 01 ,I>< ~.nl!- , fd, ,!u, 'b"onc«' ,1><-,<", 1\" nO',,' , .. ,,~ r." (ok. ,h" ,,,,,'. ,h.n.

11 ))) A "" ...... b",

>to<,. nn ,od.) ', .V...... lb, ; •• buut

.n In,m!;w. coir>ridm<: •. H"". """ " .... pUt rou' n.m< ,,,", G""!I" to" , . .,b<d: '0 ,", .. h.:.. """"" op' Ono "=i"~ b .. April. .. A ...... ;.~n ......... n. K.lI)", h'dcb.-.nd,. did jUI' ,hi!. SI>< "" f«li nll ",,,,,,,. >0 pu, ... , " . n,. i " ", hecbonl.: %. h••• '''''U~ «I '0 di ....... , ,,,,", ,h."" ..·.. a_ h., po:o-. <>Cl h.obooIt ..·ir: h....," ,"" ..""'I1"" n' _ ..... I...'n..... .. .... ' - b'I! ",·ith ' - bigJlfrcrtrce. Tb.- ot .... Kolly Hikkb .. D<I<""". man •• nd he in Tu .. K.II,"'"' him • .....,.""R•.• od 'b<)' ""i'" "H,,,.i,.,.h ", hr,. L.<or they tu . . I' o1<h ",h., ' 1<"') d.)·.

.h,

u".,.,' ... "... ""... "..,.m..

''' «1

<t,,,.J

)"",

f<)

Rob loo ca.-' dn 'h" '<nn> . ' ''''\'0

l""""" .. ;,b

'.It

a'" , hi.'

,e"") Th.,. " ...

Rn" W<II."'>I,IIh,.·, ,,,,,,,, , i.... ,"II'"'h.-. W.'no tnin,,,,,, ...... di" ....' ,...igl,,·

f<nn)' 1........ I·"'Il"'''II ' .. ''k y.... _~

C ",-,,,'ur' u,;"".,,,,,",, ,,'<f) 'hing "'hen , "'., litt le. <0 '1;1.«l >l<h.,.,. I><,.u,", I 1<.,,,,",, . 1>< .. , """•• hi,,!!'" A ,""..,r """so. , ....... ,,, .... my ,.d.tj. Tho "' ..... ,hi"lJ I ""...... ,I.. libu<)" - m) ~ ..... ., .m>lin.lib.-• .,._ 1 ..... ~...t tn " . ) ,h.-,.. ofoo.-<b" "' .. ,,, "'.... Oh ~. , "",od "" fI"',.t)'.~'. bu, iI'. "".!

..... fin.I .......,. n"" In r''''''''· TIt",' eII""""",d ,h.. ,h.) h..! mor-< Ln ,<>m"""', ,h. Dju~ Ih,;, n . ",.~ ,It< b<. oh . • od ,h., iMk ""ll)' on",,' ,ooi:ini' SO"" ,h.) .... 'i"d ,h>< ,h.), ~"r iD rn' •. A, 'i .. , .• hey ....., ,m ,h<" milh, be ,ob,nI, b", ,...". ("",Dd OUt ,h .. ,It<... " •• <>0 f.mily ro."",:1'o.", . 11. . .... in !J<KI".. Krll).>i<-d Kclly

,..th n;c, nnb t..ol;."I,,- tin><. I ~" '<

in ..,,';"" in 1'.", 'or-k.

'''!I'' no" ". Lo'. m)' ,."

'don', ...,,,' ..,

b.lit. OK. ~ ... )"" I:,t,et .h<n, Rob II!" Ibr-b .... I<nny ... II ..... h.-"" ,onn, ' Ob. '''''' ",It m,,<Od h,m, B.rw... lIam .... I ",.'h· n<-<d ," •• 'k '0 h'm.'" tryhim "" hi. (d' phor>< . H.I Iu, RoM 11', 110""... C. n )"" si'''' me ...11''1''''',,', "",,,,, king "d lik. ''',,'~ .bot" , ~ nn y

15 ))) Rob ,,,,,,,,., 1I.ob~ 1It.". "",... b,ng ",..,U)'<'O. 't.. b ,,,,",-. sornothin, '" 1<11 ~"". , ..... ''''' 11" ,,"", ,tn ny 11".11 I,hough,a"i",bot",,",,'ng'" I "n,loll" Il,ob Mu, )''-'" dun', n<cd '0 "K,..e '0 I.., ...."". f<nn)" "h,.' Rot. Il-arw.,,,,ali«! n.... oIic-<. ,"nn,- Wbit,""""

'."a,

11.01>

~"'oIJ..,.,..jm<.job,

I ~ nn y

H.... ;n

r.. .... IM'

"h.. !~ Uh. ,h,'-' ,re.. ne,,".

Rob loudoo,...""",,) p.... sod. ,en"y I . m.l mnn. i'-'II'"'' Ir·, juJf 'h" . Ro b

",h ,. ~

.""iI

ronny '''''''' B>rb>.. . n ,hi. """ •.1"1' R"b .~I'I<I? '<on~ I IOId het- , .... ""~""I!.a"" R o b Don', .. \h,-"" .It.< h..n·, ",.J )''''''

"""·'"",nl.""ka.

-or.,.,

«n.;' I'or, /Cfl"y,:II<,U"« 11 0<100" H. I..... 8;rtban K..."" ,enny B>,..... rh·,'.nnv. B..t..n. Oh . hi,..n) 'un) Urn. b"." vQoI " ... ,,,,,,~.il.

.... ,,,-,,,..d, 20 )))

\t) ..... ~hbor ,old "'" ,h ...... -.... , h"'ln, d'n' .... "'~ "rH'" ~ .. urd " . ~udd,n')' ... "''' ,m' , .• ' k Ln t"""ih d .. '~H" I, ~.• • or<" ".<.u .... " ,,'," ho< ,lo~·. And 'he.,.".. .. hot l"""pIt 'ri1kd hi. d.i"k "" ,hot n..u.. and "'''~ ""oklng ~ - ......., pt<>b.~.• hi"",. Su.U( """......-b<n f''<) J'>' ........

f.,.,,'"

,0'" ...

"""'·...<>mpkt.h d,.. nl' , ,ook h,n' ,n,1>< ' ... ...~, .m" bu, '"'~ i'" fi,.". """.

. . .,

21 ))) ' r l. H<llo Rn,." .... ,)

"""'.r<

y""

t'"

,hi. "",,"i,,!!'

R ,,><m'<)" H<1I"",i, ,'," fi .... ,h.nk •. bUt )'",,'11

-tu,',

......... g_ .. h'pI""N.l><l.nd I.m .... ...,.• """'.... up' t.lo 0,;01 ,xl ..... r",_ f,om 0><:<, ......... ' n." , .. ~ "" If"" , .... ' ,h • .., 1.> .. " ... ~ •• od ,hey Innk«l ,... Ih h.pp" R oocm .cy I'<o.it '. ""flni,d)"" ... II..,n"l-.rm

""H."'' " TI••) ....... h'.'Df. "",hI< .' ~""..,...

h i. '10' \\

R O'~lIl arr

hm~

L." ,,~h' ..,',., hr,..... ht>m< from

'M.

1.,. lI"h"J,J'h ..... yl R,,,ornary W.II,' wu,, ', ""'~' Ii""""~ Irl. Of."",,.,,,,,,

11.0..,"''')" 11", I, ""kln'r he'p 1tc"'''1- ~I-.r I,., .. ' l iag '" """")'. • ,.,1 ..,r ' ou'''. 'h... "'.... ''') ,1t'D. 'ri ............, did ""'Y ~~ Rn.una . )" WoIJ.th< aid,h ... h.- .... pni'o ... )

" 'i,h her " ....'h.-'I She ,old him 'h" ,h • ......,Id"·' rom' h1< k,

,ri, Oob. ho>w." ful. Wh.. . hoot, ,h. child",n' RO'om'<r S"" .. id ""''' r.ko ....... "'hct- " ...... I

_,u/'PO>" ....lI •• ke , ...." " 'dh .... in .he ....... """ .n)'....,-.' .... fi,. mlnut •• La .... I ..... hn Ic..-i"l the hnu", -.. ith , .uit...el IT" 1'<01 \ \ '1»' ,k» ..... thlnl.ho". 10" i"~ h,mll .... .«i ng '''OIh.. ",,,,,,.n? n o;e ....)" ldon', ."0,,. Oob.he .. '. myt,,,. .,11 11 ... juon from.oe."'"h."..,.., ~h.- ....'.,.. ''''''''lib! , .................. hi"!! ....... thi"!! "r.m~'''''''' him

,," ', ",-.- /0"""" 22 )))

r. r k 11 ;. Fn"". I"mb. ck. \I h"", ... IOU? F,m m. I'm u","i" i~ ,"" bNroom ,"", 1'" ling J.~ k Wm" \I he", .... I"" JeOing~

c mm. rml!"i"lro"'l .. ~h"" m"",.

j.c k \\ ... , .... ppo-<>r<J ' o hof' She·....... n ..-odc""Sh,'"l o~ '''''>I''''' ...."d,,·.'od <h.', b......" h.. l<J:, 'I"",',"·f.'. ,'00< ' hi,,~. C.n '~dr )'0.. wi, h

"mm.

,.ck

.nY'h''' ~~ [mmo h<,ua ll~.~".C,",IdJ_g<'

n'1 ... "II

'''''..e in,hr,k,...,'

T«<'nt" "

Th.-... ·• . - f<-otn me lI. r h. .. 010) • •. 1...... i' . 1h.",,,) ",,,,,,,",, i, l'" fonnr. 1)0,,', nl"''' I,' f)."'. i<! ~Ie ..e i." d., .., i,. ",pI. in lm, B•• b .... O K. ,,', se-. ~.hi"l!.loilh,. fenn)" ' on n} I~.''''nl> :-.".... "."...

1',

U" ~ .. urd.~ n"ht. K"iotPor-fK, .• _ ... Ma lo<-,'hoopi ..,."' ... ht>m<from ...... " . _ .... \~ ,.n«l ,he dnot", ,h . .... 'i.«I ,h .. hot. "', ..,.. ...... hoth., in~ "'''''. ""''11''''. I .... ad ofbti"lloawJ<t)J« M,. 11. ",,,«I.n.dioK ""'.•..:1 , ........... ...... ' ......·nro h... """"'hin" .. <u.""" ,...,.., _0' '''' "ble ,1'1<1 ... , "" ""'piu< l'hon "" IarrtpooI dMI" ""'" thot floor .,id immt'd'."ty ....... , .. ..... I le ""'" .11 "i,oh,. , ""'Ing "H)' ....... .,. K........ Id.·' ~ndc .... nd wh., ,h. ""t/Of ... . " i'~)-on hot h.ad n.,., beh,.-<d Ii~~ ,h" b.-f"". Ho........ " .. b.-,..... ..... , h.-, "';Shbor ,h. ,... " "",",inl!- , "" m'''«r

1."'••

19 ))) And fi •• II!· Oft ,' ,,"" 1'otI~! "'!e'" funDI >I"H '" ch ... , ~."" up ono ~ lond.), n''''n' ''~.

,uk 'I",,' """do y... ,h,nl ,,,,,l'luY< '''''>Jo.~ I:.n," •• , .. ",,', """" b.d umil ,hot -..rrl ....!. ' don) ,hin k, '"11 h"" ,,, mlk ,.'" ,ho·,OI<. . [" .. .,1," ,h. 'hikl"," '" "')' ';"d, rOf rho "igh,.• Dd .he·1I Ill. ,h.m ",hooIlo,nn,..,.,.. "''''''inll- C.n)'ou pid , he", ~p .f,~. ",hoot? Of , ..... _ Ian h<.>orr, NO""""n', nl·dll",. ".'11"" • .,..,.",.1-, fi .... ",d he ... ·.,....-

,.,k

....,.'J.-

,."",..,

Emm. Tb:.tnh. ..... I'he,.. ;·!lhoho",,~fi,r minme ..

Listening

125

1 questions wi th be

lA word order in questions

qu estio n wo rd

questions wit h dol does! did in simple prese nt and simple past

base fo rm (= ve rb)

qu es ti o n word

you

li ve wit h your pare nts? ta k e a vacat io n last year? work ? s t a rt studying Engli sh?

they

talk about?

you

Where When What

d oes d id did

your sister

3 ))

What Where

hel slle/ it

[1]

I usually work at home. They don' t live near here. Do you s peak French?

Holly knows me very well. It do esn't often rain here. Does Alice like jazz?

Yes, I do, / No, I don't,

Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

Use dte simple present for things you do every day / week / yea r. or for t hings rhar are generally (rue or always happen. Use dOl/ 't/doesn't to make negat ive sentences and do/does to make questions. spelling rules for the 3rd person -s (he, she, it) base form

3rd person

spelling

work study finish

works studies finishes goes / does has

add -s consonant + y ) les add -es after ch, c, g, sh, s, z, and x. add -es change to-s

present continuous: be + verb + -ing

A W hat are you doing? 22 )) B I'm sending a message to Sarah. 2 My brother is taking a two-month vacation in rhe US. 3 In this picrure the woman is standing near the window. Use t he present co ntinuo us: I for things that are ha ppenin g now, at t his mo menr. 2 for re mporary rh ings [har are happen ing now, this week. etc. 3 to describe a picture. you / we / they

G I'm working. You G I'm not working. We

he / she/it

're working. He aren't working. She They It

[1]00 Are you working? Is he working?

A re

you

hung ry?

Is was

t here that you

a bank near here? noise?

you

born?

a re w e re

from?

We often go out on Friday ni glu. She doesn't u su a lly srudy on wee kends. I'm never sick. He's always late fo r work. 2 She gets up early every day. We have Engl ish classes twice a week.

12 ))

1/ yo u / lVe / " IeY

have

4 ))

n o un , e tc.

ad verbs and expres sions of frequency

18 simple present

go ldo

adj ec tive,

Make questio ns w ith the verb be by invertin g the verb and t he sub jecr. S h e is a teacher. Is sh e a teacher?

Use t h is word order: auxiliary, subjecr, base form , e.g., Did you 80 Ollt last nioht? o r question word, auxi li ary, s ubject. base form, e.g., Wh ere did you80?

G G

subj ect

' 5 working. isn't working.

Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. Yes , he is. / No, he isn't .

13 ))

We often use t he simple present wit h adverbs of frequency (always, IISl1ally, ofre/I. sometimes, lwrdl;' eve r, /lever). Adverbs of frequency go l2.clru.e. rhe mai n ve rb. Adverbs of freque ncy go ~ be. She's never sick . NOT She's sick /I Cl e,. Remember to use a G verb wirh 'l ever. Itneverraills. NOT {trfoes .. 'tlle.e, ,,,ill . 2 Expressions of freq uency (Cl/er)' day, once a week , erc.) usually go at t he end of a senrence.

spelling rules for the -jog form

base form

-ing form

cook

cooking

study

studying

live

living

cut the final e and add -;ng

run

running

double the final consonant and add -ing

spelling add -;ng

simple present or present continuous?

A What do you do? B 1 work fo r Microsoft. 23 )) A What a re you doing? B )'m checkingmyemai l. Use t he si mple prese nt for things that are ge nera lly t rue or always happen. Use the present continuous for an acrion happening now or at this moment. \Ve normally use verbs that describe stares or feel ings (non-act ion verbs), e.g., wallt, need, like, in the simple prese nt, not cont inuous.

GRAMMAR BANK lA a

b Pur the words in the right ord er to make questio n s.

Put th e wo rd o r phrase in the ri ght place in the question. I

2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 10

How old are you? (old) \Vhere do you from? (co me) \Vhere the train station? (is) How often you read magazi nes? (do) \Vhere your friends from? (are) \Vhy you write to me? (d idn't) Do you often ro the movies? (go) \Vhat thi s word mea n ? (does) \Vhat time d id arr ive? (your friends) Does fi ni sh at 8:00? (the class) Where were born? (you)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-c: p.5 b

18 a

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

he I usually get up late He usually Bets lip late. Anna , like music my sister I have a lot of hobbies ill I 1get along very well with my parents EJ my brother I study at school ill my nei gh bars I have any chil dre n EJ when I th e mov ie sta n [1] he 1go our twice a wee k ill we I often talk about pol it ics G how o ften I you email your brother J I go o n Facebook ve ry ofte n G

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

le a

Pur the wo rd s in th e right order.

\Vrite se ntences and questions with the simple present.

you live where do? Wl,ere do ),011 live? you a do have car ? older is brorher your you than ? often he how to wri te does you ? th is time star t does what class? Brazil from is fr iend your? lan guages how you ma ny do speak? she born where was ? lasr go where you summer did ' father doctor your is a ? come bus to you by sc hool did?

go movies we often th e to We oJte" BO to the movies. always before go 1 bed 11 :00 to eve r her Kate sees family hardly Saturday never sho pping on go we a ro I dentist year go twice the in they breakfast the sometimes ya rd have usually morni ng the we the listen in rad io in day park eve ry Alan the runs after drink I coffee 4:00 never o ften Joh n to go doesn't movies the visit I once my month a 1110111

-c: p.7 b Co mpl ete th e sentences with the simple presenr or present cont inuo us.

\Vrite se ntences wirh the presenr conti nu o us.

1 2 3 4 5 6

lr I rain

G It iSII't ra illillfJ 1 John I weara sh irt today! ill 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

It 's hot. \Vhy I wea r a coat (1) Anna I sit next to Ja ne today G Hey! You I stand on my foot! ill what book 1you read th ink of you right now she I wear makeup III they 1make a big mistake ill your mm her 1shop at the mall III she / Iive with her parents ri ght now

we '

8 9 10

The girl in rhe painting i5plavit!fJ the guitar. (play) . (nor bire) My dog's not dangerous. He \V hy you su nglasses? It ! (wea r, rain) You can rum off the radio. I to it. (not listen) to go to rhe bank.l any money. (need, nOt have) Be ca refu l! T he baby rhat pen in her mouth! (put) A you usually on weekend s? (cook) B No, we norm ally Out. (ear) you here? (do) A Whar B I for Em ma. She's lare, as usual. (wait) iusually drink rea, but I a coffee today. (wa nt) My sister from 9:00 ro 5:00. She's a secretary. (work) \Ve in Chicago, but we in Los Angeles ri ght now. (live, stay)

-c: p.B Online Practice

2 2A simple past: regular and irregular verbs r egula r

~ 3 6 ))

irregul a r

I stayed with friends. I didn 't stay in a hotel. Did you stay for th e weekend?

\Ve went to Brazil on vacation. We didn 't go to Sao Paulo. Did you go to Rio?

Yes, I did .

No, we didn 't.

Wh rn

Wh ere did you stay?

Why did you go there?

Use the si m ple past to tal k about fi n ished anio ns in t he past , T he fo rm of t he simple past is the sa me for all perso ns. To make t he simple past El of regu lar verbs add -ed. See the spelling ru les in the cha rt. Ma ny common verbs are irregular in the El simple past, e.g., BD > Ulc tlt, see> saw. See Irregular ve rbs p.164.

28 past continuous: was / were + verb + -ing At 8: 451asr Sat urday I was working in my office. 39 ») I wasn't doing anything important. My friends were having breakfast. They weren't working. A Was it raining when you got up? B No, it wasn't. A What were YO ll doing at 11 o'clock last night? B I was watching TV.

~ He / She / lt~as working.

1/ He /She / It

wasn't working.

[1:][2]0 Was he working? Were they working?

You / We / They

were working.

You / We / They

weren't working.

Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't . Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.

2C time sequencers

Use the base fOfm after did,,', for negatives and Did ... ? for quest ions. Remembe r: auxiliary, subject. base form. e.g.. Did )'011 BO olll last 'liB/It? or quest io n word , auxiliary, subject, base form , c.g..

Where did YOIIOO? spelling rules for regular verbs base form past spelling

--~

work stay

worked stayed

add

~ed

liked

add

~d if verb

study

stud ied

y) ·ied after a consonant

stop

stop ped

if verb ends in consonantvowel-consonant, double the final consonant

-'----'---+

ends in e

Use the past continuous to describe an action in progress at a specific moment in the past. We often use the past continuous to describe t he situation at t he beginning of a story or narra tive. si mpLe past o r past continuous?

I was working in l11y o ffi ce when the boss walked in. I was having lunch when my sister arrived.

40 »)

Use the sim ple past for a completed action in the past. Use the past continuous for an act ion in progress before or at the time of the simple past action.

connectors: because, so, but, although because and so

On our first date, we went to the movies. After tbat we sta rred 46 ») meeting every day. On Thursday I had an argument with my boss. The next day I decided to look for a new job. We sat down to eat. Two minutes later the phone rang. When I came our of th e club, he was waiting for me . T he acc ident happe ned when I was crossing t he street. We use rime seque ncers to say when or in what order things happen. We use wllen as a time seq uencer and a lso to join two actions. I was watchino TV when t he phone rano. (t WO verbs joined by wllen)

then, after that The most common way of linking consecutive actions is with then or after that, but NOT with after, e.g., I got up and got dressed. Then / After that I made a cup of coffee. NOT A(-ter I made a Ctlp ef coffee.

She was driving fast because she was in 47 ») a hurry. (reason) She was in a hurr)" so she was driving fast. (result) Use because to express a reason. Use so to express a resu ll.

but and although She tried to stop the ca r, but she hit the man . 48 »)) Although she tried to stop the ca r, she hir the man . She was very t ired , but she couldn 't sleep. She couldn 't sleep, although she was very tired. Use bllt and alr/lou811 to show a contrast. AIr/fOII01! can go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.

GRAMMAR BANK 2A a

b Complete rh e questions in the simple past. Where did you go on vacation last year? \Ve went to Orlando, Flor ida.

Purrhe verbs in parentheses in the simple past. Two su mmers ago we I..QQk (rake) our vacJrion in Va nco uver. We 1 (drive) there from San Francisco, but our car 2 (break) down o n t he freeway, and we 3 (spe nd) the first night in Scan le. \Vhen wc 4 (get) ro Vancouver, we s (be) all full. (nor ca n) find a good hotel-they 6 We 7 (not know) wha t rodo, but finallywc 8 (find) a bed and breakfast, and we 9 (stay) there for the week. We 10 (see) rhe botanical gardens, 11 (go) ro an arts festival, and we 12 (buy) a lot of souvenirs. We 13_ __ (want) to go to Viccoria, but we 14 (not have) enough time and it 15 (be) too far away_ The weather 16 (not be) very good, and it 17 (start) raining the day we 18 (leave) .

5 6

7 8

I was earing dinner, so I didn't answer the phone. (eat) in the I rook this photo when my wife yard . (work) He met his wife when he in Japan. (live) They for us when we arrived. (not wait) she a coat when she wem our? (wea r) T he sun _____ when I left for wo rk. (s hin e) \Vhat ______ you at 7:30 last night? (do) _____ when you gave the instructions. (nor listen) We _____ TV when you called. (not watch)

2C a

2 3 4

5 6

He told me he was a police officer and that they were looking for a th ief.

d e

When the seco nd man wem in from of me, I told him to go and sta nd in line.

A few seconds late r, the first police officer got off the bus wi th a man.

0 0

Suddenly a man ran in front of me and gOt on the bus.

It cosr $259. 5 _ __________ the weather like? It was hor and sunny. _______________ at n ight? 6 \Ve went to cafes and restaurants. ....c:. p.13

She arr.i.rm when we were baving dinn er. (a rrive, have) I my arm whe n I soccer. (break , play) _____ you _____ fast when the police _____ you? (drive, stop) It when we the restaurant (snow, leave) I the game because 1_ _ _ __ (not see, wo rk) W hen you me, I to my boss. (call, talk) We _____ in the library when we _ _ _ __ (study, meet) _____ they -,--____ in Tokyo when they _____ their first baby? (live, have)

b Complete the sen tences with so, because, but, or altho!l8h.

0 Then another man tried to do the same. DJ Onedayin2011 I wassrand inginlineforabus. 0 The next day I read the story in a newspaper.

----------------------------1

-c: p.14

Pur rh e sente nces in the right o rd er. a

Yes, we had a grea t time. ________________ wi th ? 2 I went with my family. 3 We stayed in a hotel. _____ th e plane ticket ______1 4

b Pur the verbs into the s impl e past o r past conti nuo us.

a Complete the sentences with a verb in rhe past co ntinu ous.

2 3

_____________ a good time?

After that, a police car ca me and rook the men away.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

We couldn 't find a taxi,Hl. we walked home. _____ it was ve ry cold, she wasn't wearing a coat. I woke up in the night there was a noise. I ca lled him , ____ his cell phone was turned off. she's ve ry nice, she doesn't have many friends. There was nothin g on TV, I went ro bed. All the cafes were full it was a holiday. She wa nted to be a doctor, ____ she fa iled her exams. The yard looked very beautiful, I rook a phorograph. ____ d1 e team played well, it didn 't win .

-c: p.16 '''jjll 'JAi-Mdg)

3 3A be going to I'm going to work fo r an NGO. HeJs going to meet me at th e a ir port .

57 Âť))

2 I'm sure our fa vorirc tenni s players are going to lose romorrow. It's going to rain m ll igh r.

I'm going to

I'm not going to

you I we I they

he I she lit

You

He She

We 're going to They

going to

Use be Boi,1a to + base for m ro talk about future plans o r intentions. 2 We lIse benoi/l[j to + base fo rm to make a pred ict io n when wc kn ow or ca n see t hat something is goin g to ha ppen.

work for an NGO.

You He We aren't going t o She isn't going to work for an NGO. They It

It's willter there, so it's Boiu8 to be colt1. Look at tliat ca r! It 's BoinB to erasl, .

00 Are you going to work for an NGO? Is he going to work for an NGO?

Yes, I am. I No, I'm not . Yes, he is. / No, he isn't .

38 present continuous (future arrangements)

P .....

('mseeingafriendron ighr. 64 ))) She's arriving at lunchtime. EJ She isn't leaving until Friday. T hey aren't coming ro rh e pa rty. (1] W hat are you doing t hi s eve n ing? Is she meeting liS at t he restaurant? \Ve ofte n use t he present co nt inuous with a future meaning , especia lly fo r future arrangements, i.e., fo r plans we have made at a fixed rime o r place in the futu re. Don't use the simple present for this. NOT ,' sa som!::fr "!::Jltis fOJliBlit.

defining relative clauses with who, that, where

A cook is a pe rso n who makes food. That's the woman who won the lo rrery la st yea r. A clock is something that rells the rime. Is t hat t he book that everybody'S reading? A post offi ce is a place where you can buy stamps. T hat 's rhe restaurant where I had dinner last week .

5 )))

be going to or present continuous? We can often use either with no difference in meaning, e.g., I'm going to see Anna on Tuesday. OR I'm seeing .Anna on Tuesday. It's very common to use the present continuous with the expressions tonight, tomorrow, this weekend, et c. and with verbs describing traveL arrangements, e.g., go, come, leave, arrive. I'm leaving on ,vjonday is more common than I'm going to leave on ,vjonday.

Use defining relative cla uses to explai n what a pe rso n, thing, o r place is or does. Use wllo for a perso n, tliat for a th ing, and w/lere for a place.

that You can use that instead of who. She's the girl who / t hat works with my brother. You can use which instead of t hat to talk about things. It's a thing which / t hat connects two computers .

GRAMMAR BANK 3A a

Look arrhe pictures. Ma ke senrences with 80;118 to + a ve rb . be (x2)

Co mpl ete with BoitlB to + a ve rb.

love rain

be cook do not go learn not listen see stay take

2 3

4 S 6 7

\Vhar movie are. you going to 5ee ronighr? _____ yo ur sister _ _ _ __ Chinese? You _____ in cl ass 3 n cxr year. \Ve campi ng next su mme r. Wc in a hotel. \Ve a taxi ro the airport. a wond erful meal to ni g ht . You can talk, bur I ro )'ou. What you when you leave school?

2 Nor rhar one. Ir _____ too expe nsive.

1 \Ve _____ late for work!

3 You _____ thisbook!

-C: p.21

b Com plece t he d ialogue between two aparrmentmates.

a Read the sentences. \Vrire N for now or F for future.

[f]

I'm meetin g Joe at two o'clock.

D I'm liv in g in an apanmenr with two college friends. D \Ve're com in g back on Monday.

She's moving to Canad a soon.

D I'm wa itin g for themail carrier. S D I'm reading a really good book about science. 6 0 \Ve're meeting Alicia and Kenji for lun ch on Sunday. 7 D Karl is arriv in g ar 6 o'clock. 4

A What areyou dojrl(J (do)? B 1' _____ ________ (pack) my sui tcase. A Why? B Because J 2._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fly) ro Searrle at 8 o'clock ron ight. A Oh,l didn't know. Why 3._ _ _ _ _ (go) to Seatrle? (scc) the boss ofVTech B 14 Solutions romorrow. A Why 5 (meet) him ? B 16 (work) on a project fo r him righr now, and I need to discuss it wit h him . A Oh, well have a good rrip!

I'm srudyi ng for my marh exa m. -C: p.23

3e a

b Wr ite sentences with who, that, o r where. She J rhe woma n J catc h the same bus as me

Complete rhe definitions with who, that, or where.

2 3 4

5 6 7

A mai l carrier is rhe person!rlw. brings you your mail. An octopus is an an imal lives in rhe ocean and has eight legs. A lawn mower is a mac hine cuts rhe grass. A wa irer is the person serves you in a cafe. A changi ng room is a room people try on clothes. A bellhop is th e perso n helps you with your luggage. Garl ic is a kind of fo od keeps vampi res away. A ga rage is a place people fix cars.

She 's the woman who catches tIle same bus as me. t Thar I the dog ' always barks at night

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

That I th e store ' I bought my weddin g dress That ' rhe acror I was in Glee They ' the chil dre n / 1ivc next door ro me This ' the restaurant ' rhey make grear pizza That , the sw itch , comrols the air-condit io nin g He f the teacher I reaches my sisrer T hat ' the room I we have our meetings This f th e light f is broken

-c: p.24 Online Practice

4 yet, already

4A present perfect I've finished my homework. She's cleaned rhe kitchen. He hasn't done the dishes. A Has she turned off her phone?

A B 2 A B

16 »))

Have you done your homework yet? ~ 1 7 »)) No, not yee l haven't finished yet. Do you want to see t hi s movie? No, I've already see n it three rimes.

B No, she hasn't. We often use yet and already with rhe presenr perfecr. I Use )'et in [1J and G sentences to ask if something has happened or to say ifit hasn 't happened. Put yet at rhe end gre he sentence. 2 Use alread), in G sentences ro say that something happened before now or earlier than expected. Pur already ~ the main verb.

We often use rhe present perfect to talk about the rece nt past, nor saying exactly when things happened. We often use the present perfect re give news. Mary's had /Ier baby! A packa8e has arrived for YOII.

full form

contraction

negative

past participle

I have You have He I She lit has We have They have

I've You've He I She lit's We've TheY' ve

I haven't You haven't He I She lit hasn't We haven't They haven't

finished the exercise.

Have you finished the exercise? Yes, I have. I No, I haven't . Has he done the homework? Yes, he has. I No, he hasn't .

For regular verbs rhe pasr parriciple is the same as the simple pasr (+ -ed). For irregular verbs the past parriciple is sometimes rhe sa me as the si mple past (e.g., buy. b0l1811l, b01l811t) and somelimes different (e.g., do. did; done). See Irregul ar ve rbs p.164.

present perfect or past simple?

48 present perfect or simple past? (1) Have you ever been to a costume party? She's seen that movie (wice. I've never met Nina's husband.

A B A B

24 »))

Have you ever been to Mexico? Yes, I have. When did you go there? I went last year.

25 »))

A Have you seen hi s new movie?

We often use the present perfect to talk about past experiences in our lives when we don't specify a time.

been and gone Compare the present perfect of be and go. Mike has been to Paris. = He went to Paris and came back. Mike has gone to Paris. = He's in Paris now.

B Yes, I have . A What did you think of it? B I loved it. Conversations often begin in the present perfect (with a general question) and then c hange to the simple past to ask for o r give speCific derails, e.g., \Vhell, what, where, wllo witll, ere.

4C something, anything, nothing, etc. people

ill G

rn o

Somebody I Someone has taken my pen! I didn't speak re anybody I anyone. Did anybody I anyone call? No, nobody I no one. Nobody I No one called. t h ings

ill G III

I bought something for dinner. I did n't do anything on the weekend. Is there anything in the refrigerarer? No, nothing. There's nothing in the refrige rarer.

places

34»))

ill G

Let's go somewhere this weekend. We didn't go anywhere this Slimmer. [1] Is t here anywhere to park? No, nowhere. There's nowhere to park.

Use somebody I someone, somethill8, somewhere with a ill verb when you don't say exactly who, what, or where. Use atlybody I atlYOIle, anythill8, anywhere in questio ns or w ith aGverb. 1 did,,'t do a"ythi"g/asl night. NOT if didn 't do IIot},j"B' Use nobody I no one, /lothing, nowhere in short answe rs or in sentences with a ill verb.

GRAMMAR BANK b Write sentences or questions with already or yet.

4A a Write sentences in the present perfect.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

He I clean the ca r ~ He's cleatled the car. I She I buy a new jacket G 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

He f find a job yetG

I you speak to Mr. Jackson IT! We I find a grea t hQ[eI G They f fini , h eatingG Jyou seePeterthi smornin grn 'you do your homework this week We f reply to M,. Jone,', em ail yetG

-< p.29 b

48 a Complete with the verb in the present perfect.

you

Complete the dia logue wi th the present perfect o r simple pa st .

A Oh, no! I~ this mov ie before! (see) B Rea lly? W he n 1 it? (see) A 12 to the m ovies in March, and it was in the theaters the n. (go) B O h, never m ind. 13_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to th e movies in ages. T he last mov ie 14._ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ was Mamilla Mia! (not be, see) A , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it? (enjoy)

Hm!e. you d<uLe. the grocery shopping today? (do) _ _ _ _ you ever _ _ _ _ clothes from tha t sto re? (buy) 2 1_____ always _____ a pair of designer shoes. (wa nt) 3 I the newspap er today. (not read) 4 We _ _ _ _ to the ncw sho ppin g mall yet. (not be) your broth er _____ ab road all hi s 5 life? (live) 6 They _____ to live in South Amer ica. (go) 7 She _ _ _ _ before. (not fl y) 8 Ja mes _ _ _ _ his gi rl friend's fami ly yet. (nor meet)

He I arrive. (already) He's already arn\'ed. I f have f brea kfast . (al ready) f you f fini,h f your homework? (yet) The movie I start. (a lready) J I not meet f his wife. (yet) They J buy their math books. (a lready) You're too late. He J go I ho me. (already) J you speak J to him ? (yet) I J notread J hi ' new book. (yet)

B Of course! 16 c

it! (love)

Complete w ith been o r gone. "Where's Rob" " H e's~ to the ba sketba ll ga me!' 1 The kids a re n't here. They've all out. 2 Haveyouever m the swi mming pool in tow n? 3 1haven't _____ ro Sue's new apartment yet. 4 My sister has ro teach in T hailand . 5 Dad's to the grocery sto re. The refrigerator is full.

in this restaurant before?

(eat) 10 Ja ne _____ ro the gym . She' ll be back in an hour. (go)

-< p.31 7 8 9 10

4C a

Complete with so methillg, arlytl,illg, nothing, ete. A re you doi ng auytbilllJ tonight? I Did you meet last night? 2 ca lled when you we re Out. They're going to ca ll back later. 3 I've see n your wallct _ _ _ _ , bur I can't remember where. 4 There's _____ interesting on TV ton ight. Let's go o ut. 5 Did _____ ca ll while I was out? 6 Did you go

exc iting on the weeke nd ?

I bought you rea lly nice for your birthday! I rang the doorbell, but a nswered. We went shopp ing, but we didn't buy _ _ __ There's more expen sive than New York City!

b A nswer w ith Nobody. Nowhere, or Nothing. I What did you do last night? 2 \Vhere did you go yesterday? 3 Who did you see? c

Answer the qu estions in b w ith a complete sente nce. I 1didn'tdo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 3

-< p.32

Online Practice

5 5A comparatives

comparative adject ives: irregular

My brother's older th a n me. It 's more dangerous to ride a bike than to drive. 2 People walk more quickly than in the past. 3 rmless relaxed this year than I was last year. 4 The serv ice in thi s restaurant isn"ras good as it was. She doesn't dri ve as fast as her brother.

40 »))

short

shorter

big

bigger

adjective

comparative

good

better

stressed

more stressed

bad

worse

tired

more tired

far

farther / further

bored

more bored

quickly slowly

irregular

more quickly

hard

more slowly

welt

harder better

I worse

badly

P Comparatives with pronouns

comparative adject ives: regular

comparative

comparative ad verbs: regular

To com pa re [ WO people, places, t hi ngs. or an io ns use: I com pa rat ive adjectives. 2 compa rative adve rbs (for actio ns). 3 less + adjective or adverb. 4 (IlOt) (IS + adjective I adverb + as.

adjective

After comparative + than or as ... as, we use an object pronoun (me, her, etc.) or a subject pronoun + auxiliary verb, e.g., My brother's taller than me. My brother's taller than I am. He's not as intelligent as her. He's not as intelligent as she is.

l one syltabte: add -er one vowel + one consonant:

I double final consonant busy

busier

consonant + y: y+-ier

relaxed

more relaxed

two or more syllables: adjective

more +

58 superlatives

adjective

cold

It's the dirtiest City in the US. 43 ») It 's the most popular vacation destination in the world. 2 It 's the most beautiful city I've ever been to . It 's the bes t mov ie I've seen thi s year.

hot pretty

good

too much, too many, too

far

cold er

the cold est

,, prettier more beautiful

I better I

the hottest !

the prettiest the most beautiful the best

worse

the worst

farther / further

the farthest / the furthest

enough

5e quantifiers [ 'm st ressed. [ have [00 much work. He talk s too much. 2 My diet is unhealthy. [ ea t too many cookies. 3 I don't want to go out. I'm too tired.

bad

superlative

+:hotter

beautiful

Use the + superlative adjeccive to say which is the biggest. etc. in a group. Afte r superlatives , we use jn + names o f places or singular words for groups of people, e.g., It 's ti, e no isiest cit), i" tile world. 2 We o ften use the + superlative adjecci\'e with the present perfect + ever.

comparative

52 »))

Use too IIIlIcll , too man)'. too to say "more than is good." I Use lOO mllch + uncountable noun (e.g .. coffee, time) or after a \ferb. 2 Use lOO mauy + countable noun (e.g., cookies, people). 3 Use too + adjective OT ,"m too "well Ii; cd.

0 0 you ear enough vegetables? [ don 't drink enough warer. 2 She doesn't slee p enough. 3 My refrigerato r isn't big enough. I do n't go re bed early enough .

~ 53 »))

[ Use euollah before a noun to mean "a ll t hat is necessary." 2 Use et/ouah .af!n a verb with no object. 3 Use et/ouah after an adjective or adverb.

GRAMMAR BANK b

SA a

Rewrite the se ntences so th ey mean rhe same. Use as ... as.

\Vrire senrences with a comparative adjective or adverb

James is stronger than Clive. Clive isn't ru....n.rQllfJ a~ lawes, Adam is shoner tha n Jerry.

+ Ihall.

New York is more eKpellsive tball M iami. (expensive) Modern compurers arc mu ch _____ rhe early o nes. (fast) 2 My sister is _____ me. (tall) 3 I'm this week last week. (busy) 4 San Fra ncisco is from Los Angeles _ _ _ _ San Diego. (far)

Jerry isn'r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2 Your bag is nicer than mine. My bag isn 't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

3 Tokyo is bigger than London. Londo n isn 't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4 Tennis is morc popular than vol1eyball. Volleyba ll isn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

5 I thought the third Men ill Black movie was 6 7

8 9 10

the first two. (bad) Manchester Un ited played Arsenal. (good) The history exa m was the math exam. (bard) My ncwjob is myoid onc. (boring) My ncw aparrmenr is myoid one. (big) I'm not lazy -I just work you! (slowly)

5 Chi ldre n learn lang ua ges faster than adults. Adults don't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

6 I work hardcr than you. You don't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 7 The Lakers played berrer than Ihe Knicks. The Knicks didn't _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

-< p.37 b \Vrite sentences w ith a superl at ive + et'er + the presenr perfect.

58 a

Complete the se ntences wic h the superlative. 1 2 3 4

5 6 7

S 9

It I good movie I II see

Is rh is the biggest city in the world? (big) Thais are people I've ever met. (polite) Yesterday was day of the year. (hot) This is rime to drive to the city. (bad) She's gi rl at school. (friendly) This is part of rhe exam. (importan t) timc to visit New England is the fall. (good) Ulan Bator is onc of cities in the world. (polluted) I'vc ever fl ow n is to Bali. (fa r) T hat's definirely mov ie I've ever seen. (fun ny) Rob's daugh ters are all prerry. but I think Emily is (pretty)

se a G r h e correct form. How~ mallY milk do you drink? 1 I eat too! too mllch chocolate. 2 I eat too /fIlleh I too mml)' potato chips. 3 I don't drink el/oll8h water I water e1l01l8il. 4 I ca n't come. I am too bllsy ! too fill/ch bllsy. 5 You work too mild, ! too mall)'. 6 I don't have el10llgh time I tilll e ellollBiI. 7 I don't BD Ollt el/ ouB"! ell01l8h [30 Ollt. S She's too lazy I too mlld,la:)'.

It's the best 11Iovie I\'e et'er seetl. I Ir I hor coumry 11be to 2 She' unfriendly person ' I , meet 3 It I eas), exa m I he I take 4 The)' I ex pensive pants I II bu)' 5 It I long movie 1' 1watch 6 He ' attractive man/ I / see 7 It I bad meal I II eat S He ' interesting teacher / I I have 9 It I exciting job I we I do

-< p.38

b Complete the se nrences with (.00, too much, too mallY, or e1l01l81!. You eat too mllch red meat. It isn't good for you. I'Ill not very fit. I don't exercise _ _ _ __ 2 I can't wal k to school. It's

3 There are -I- I spend

5 I don't sleep

far. ca rs o n the Streets today. time on rhe cam purer - it gives me headaches. o nly five or six hours, bur I really

need eight. 6 I was _ _ _ _ _ sick to go to work yes terday. 7 There were people at the parry, so it was impossi ble to dance. S I always have _ _ _ _ _ work and not _ _ _ _ _ free rime.

-< p.4l

Online Practice

6 We often use will I won't + base form for future predictions, i.e., to say things we think, guess, or know about the future. We often use J think / 1dOli " rllillk + will. I think he'llfail the exam.J don't think he'll pass theexam. NOT ft.'lj"kft e ",oii'tpass.

6A will / won't (predictions) A I'm seeing Jane at six. B She'll be late. 4 Âť)) The movie's in Fre nch. We won't understand anything. It's a great book . I'm sure you' ll like it. I don't think it'll rain tomorrow,

I/You/He/Shel

'11 be late. It/We/ They Co ntractions: '1I = will; WOlI't = will rIOt

[i] he/she/ it/we/ they

0 I/youl

I/you/

be late?

happen (see 3A), e.g., Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. They're playing very well. I'm sure they're going to win.

won't be late.

IZl I/you/

he/she/ Yes, it/we/ I they

will.

No,

he/she/ it/we/ they

won't.

6B will / won't (decisions, offers, promises) decisions I won't stay for dinner. I think I'll go home ea rly. offers I'll help you with your homework. pro mi ses I'll always love you.

be going to for predictions We can also use be going to to predict something you know or can see is going to

I/You/He/Shel It/ We I They

Will

I'll open the door for YOll.

Use will / won't + base form for making dec isions, offering, and promi sing. t'll help you with those baBs. NOT f he/pyou. In? sentences with 1 and we, shall (and not will) is sometimes used to offer to do something or to make a suggestion, but this is not a common use. Shall we go for a walk?

I won't tel1 anybody.

6C review of verb forms: present, past, and future tense

example

use

simple present

I live downtown. She doesn't smoke.

things that happen a lways or usually

present cont inuous

He's looking for a new job.

things that are happening now o r in the near future

I'm leaving tomorrow.

thi ngs that we have arranged for the future

simple past

We saw a good movie last nighr. We didn't do anything yesterday.

finished actions in the past

past continuous

He was working in Chiang Mai. What were you doing at 7:00?

actions that were in progress at a past rime

be going to + base fo rm

I'm going to see Tom to night.

future plans

Look! It's going to rain.

predictions when we know I can see what 's going to happen

You'11 10ve New York.

predictions

I' ll call her later.

instant decisions

I'll help you.

offers

I'll pay you back tomorrow.

promises

I've finished the book.

recently finished actions (we don't say when)

Have you ever been to Iran?

past experie nces

will I won', + base form

present perfect

19 ))

GRAMMAR BANK b Complete with will + a verb from the IiSc.

6A a

ee (2)

Write sentences and questions with will I WOII't. Use

cont ractions where you ca n. E] it ! be easy to pass It won't be easy to pass. I G I thin k rhey J lose the game

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

I1J rhe meeting I be long G she I get the job - she's nor qualified

you I see him at work later (±] I don't want to go. it I be impossible ro park l:l you I like that book (±] I (hink she I love the present f bought her El there J bealotoftrafficinthcmorning G you I find a good job, I'm sure El everything I be OK, so there 's no need ro worry

III

4 5

A B A B A B A B A B A B

get like pass snow

Do you think the (raffic~ bad? No, because it 's a holiday today. Do you like thi s band? Yes, I think they famous one day. Is this a good movie. Yes. I'm sure you ir. Do you thin k it ? No, it's not cold enough. What do you think I for my birthday? I don't know. \Vhat did you ask for? I'm so wor ried about the exam! Don'r worry. I'm sure you _ _ _ __ ..( p.44

68 a

Match the semences.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

lr's hot in here. [Q] I'm thirsty. 0 I have a headache. T his exercise is hard. I'm hungry. These bags are heavy. I left my wallet at home. I need that phoro urgenrly. \Ve don't have any milk.

A B C D E F

0 D

1'1\ help you with it. I'll make you a sandwich. I'll carry one for YOll. I'll lend you some money. I'll buy so me on my way home. I'll send it by email now. e I' ll open the window. H I'll turn off the music .... , I'll get you a glass of water.

3 4 5

6 A B 7 A S 8 A S

buy call forget get Rave help pay take tell

A What would you lik e?

the fish.

6e a

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Where d.D. you usually have lunch? I didn't see you at work last week. ~you sick? ____ you often remember you r dreams? you listen to the game on the radio last night? \Vhodoyouthink win the election next yea r? ____ your brother like rock music? What you going to watch o n TV ronight? _ _ __ it snowing when you left? Were yo u at the party la st ni ght? I ____ see you. you been ro the supe rmarkec? ____ the movie finished yet?

I can't do this crossword. you. It's a secret. anyone, I promise. When wi ll I hear from you again? I you tonight. Can I borrow $50? When you me back? Ir's my birthday next week. Don't worry. I _ __ _ _ I feel sick. I you home. This chocolate you bought isn't very good. Yes, I know. I it again. These shoes are too smal l. I a bigger pair for you, ma'am .

..( p.46 b

Complete the questions witb one word.

A B A B A B A B A B

Put the verb in the right form. A \Vhat are we dO;"fJ ronight?(do) dinner with Diego and Luz. (have) B \Ve 1 A But we 2._ _ _ _ dinner with them last week! (have) BYes, but they 3·_ _ _ tO tell us some good news. (want) A Oh, OK then. 41 _ _ _ _ _ _ some flowers. (buy) B It's 8 o'clock! Where S' _ _ _ _ you _ _ _ _ ? (be) A I'm sorry. When' 7

home, I

to buy the flowers. And then I

8 Mark in the srore ... (walk, srop, see) B Well, hurry up. We 9 late! (be) 10 A It's OK. 1 a taxi, and I'll be ready in five minutes. (already call)

..( p.49

Online Practice

7 7A uses of the infinitive I need to buy som e new clothes. ~ 24 Âť) Try nor ro talk about poli tics. 2 Ir'lI be nice to meet your parents. It's impo rtant not to be late. 3 I don 't know wh ere to go or what to do . 4 A Why did you go to rhe party? B To meet new people. I went to the party to meet new people.

Use the infinitive: after some verbs. e.g .. want. need, would like, etc. See Verb fo rms p.158. 2 after adjectives. 3 after question words, e.g., what, where. whetl, etc. 4 to say why you do something. 1came to this school to learn E1I8iisl!. N OT fVi le", ii English.

Baseform Remember that we use the base form after auxiliary verbs (do I does I didn't) and after most modal verbs (can, could, will, would, etc.), e.g., Do you live near here? Can you help me? I won 't forget. What would you do?

78 uses of the gerund (verb + -ing) Eating outside in rhe summer makes me feel good. My idea of happiness is getting up lare and not going to work. 2 I love reading in bed. I hate not getting to the airport early. 3 I'm thinking of buying a new car. He left without saying goodbye.

28 )))

7C have to, don't have to, must, must not, can't have to, don 't have to

I have ro get up at seven every day.

34 Âť)

She has to speak English at work. G We don'r have to wear a uniform at this school. He doesn't have to work on Saturdays. [1} Do I have [0 buy a grammar book? What time does she have [0 get up in the morning? Use have to + verb (base form) to talk about rules and obligations. Use don 't have to + verb (base form) to say that there is no obligation, or t hat something is not necessary. Use do I does to make questions and negatives. D o I have to 80? N OT ,'f ... e,'toao? Don't cont rac t Iwve o r l!as. 1 lla ve to 80. N OT Pt~

must I must not / can't

m You must do your homework tonight. B

She must clean up her roo m before sh e goes out. You must not leave your bags here. You can't bring food into th e library.

35 ))

The gerund is the base fo rm of the verb + i1l8' It ca n be affirmative (e.g., 80il'8) or negative (e.g. , flot 80ing). Use the gerund: I as rhe subject o r object of a se ntence. 2 after some verbs, e.g. , like,love, hate, elYoy, etc. See Verb fo rms p.158. 3 after prepositions. Remember the spelling rules for rhe -illg form. See 1C p. 126.

Use must + verb (base form) to talk about ru les and obligations. Use call ' t I mllst IIOt + base fo rm to say so mething is prohibited or to state a ru le. The words can ' t and must /lot have similar meanings. but cau't is more common in speak ing. You can also use call/lOt. The verbs must I must not are the same for all persons. The verb must is nor often used in questions (have lO is more common).

must and have to Must and have to are very similar, but have to is more common, especially in speaking. Must is often used in official forms, notices, and signs. must not a nd don't have to Must not and don't have to have compJet~ different meanings. Compare: You must not go. :; You can't go. It's prohibited. You don' t have to go. = You can go if you want to, but it's not Obligatory I necessary. Impersonal you We often use have to and must with impersonal you (you:; people in general), e.g., You have to wear a seatbelt in a car. You can't take photos in the museum.

GRAMMAR BANK 1A a

b Complete the sentences with an affirmative or negative infinitive. do

Match the sente nce hal ves. Be ready

[ID

not drive go

2 3 4 5 A

A Hi, I'm Ji Suo B I'm Rosaria. Nice

2 What do you want 3 I need 4 Try 5 I'd really like 6 Be careful are icy. 7 He's decided

drive us to th e train stmion.

remember

study

swim

teach

YOll. tonight? to the store. I don't have il ny bread or milk.

a new job.

Pur rhe verbs in rhe . illB form o r base form .

text travel

I really e njoy ~ yoga . It makes me feci grear! lOne thing that always makes me happy is in the ocean. 2 You can't learn to play a musical instrument well without _____ regularly. 3 My mother's very bad at _____ names. 4 teenagers is very hard work. S My sisrer spe nds hours o n rh e phone _____ her friends. 6 J hate _____ the first to arrive at parties. 7 S I'll go on

meet

a noise. Your father's asleep. how to d rive. toO fast on rhe way home - rhe roads

Comple te the sentences with a verb in the list in the -irl8 form. practice

took for not make

-< p.S3

18 be do

learn

"Ill planning~a parry next week.

Dowe need In some cQunrries, it 's imporranr I know you're tired, bur try Wewcrc late, so Tomo offered .D It's difficult

B tosl.v .. )OU I paSSpO(lulChcck il" C not to fo rget peop le's names in a big class. o to dress correcrly in public. E to change our money at the airport? F nor to fall asleep during the movie!

have

2 3 4 5 6 7

by train is usually cheaper than by pla ne. for as long as I ca n - I love being a student!

Ilike liHening ro the radio in the mornings. (l isren) _____ Pilates is good for your hea lrh. (do) \Ve've decided ,---____ a vacar ion th is year. (nor rake) \Ve won't take the car. It 's impossible _ _ _ _. (pa rk) I'm nor very good at ____ maps. (read) You can borrow the car if you promise _ _ _ _ slowly. (drive) Has it stopped (rai n) I don't mind ,but I don't lik e _ _ _ _ rhe dishes. (coo k, do)

S Ihate

early in the morni ng. (getup)

-< p.S4 1C a

9 III lEst

Complete the sentences with the cor rect form of have to. I 2 3

I dQn't bave to go to school on Saturdays Janice ____ study ve ry hard - she has exams SOOI1 . You ____ swp your car at a red li gh t. your sisre r go ro Los A ngeles for her job interv iew? ____ you ____ w fi ni sh [his now?

4 5 \Ve ____ get up early tomorrow. Our night leaves ar 6:30.

6 Will ____ work roday - h is srore is closed. 7 I go now. Ir's very late. S we go to bed? Ir's on ly 10 o'clock!

th e correct form , have to, don't have to, must, not, or can't. Check ./ if both forms a re possi ble.

1 2 3 4 S

0 0

60 7 8

-< p.S6

We 'don't have to I must 1I0t go to work next week. It's a holiday. You dou't have to I must lIot rouch the oven . It's hot. Do you l/ave to I must send a phoro wit h you r passport form? The concert is free. You do,,'t have to I can't pay. I'm late for a meeting. I hal'e to I must go now. You dar/'t lrave to I must not leave the door open - the dog wi ll get out. You don't hm'eto/must Ilotcome if you don't wanr to. I ca n go by myself. You call't I dOIl't have to use this computer-i t's broken. You don 't IIm'e to I ca n't be ve ry tall to play socce r.

On line Proctice

8 BA should / shouldn't You should wear a suir to the interview. 46 Âť)) I think you should change your job. I don 't think you should speak to her. He's ve ry stressed. He shouldn't work so hard. You shouldn't drink coffee in the evening. It'll keep you awake.

BB first conditional:

if + present, will /

won't

If! miss the last bus. I' ll take a taxi. If you tell her rhe tTuth, she won't believe you. What will you do ifhe doesn't call you? 2 If you don't go, she won't be very happy. She won't be very happy if you don't go. 3 If you miss the last bus, takeataxi. If you miss the last bus, you can take a taxi.

2 Âť))

Use sllOllld I shouldn't + verb (base form) ro give somebody advice or say what you think is the right thing to do. should I shouldn't is the same for all persons. We often use I fhink YOIl should . . or f dOll't tliillkyotl SliOlIld . . NOT -I tllinkyoil l,'rt'Juldll 'to

P oughtto You can also use ought to instead of should e.g., You ought to wear a suit. We don't usually use ought to in the negative form.

Use if + present to talk about a possible s ituation and will I base form to ta lk about the consequence. 2 The if clause can come first or second. If the if clause comes first, we usually put a comma before the next clause. 3 You can also use the imperative or call + base from in stead of will + base form in the other clause. WOII ', +

If I miss the last bus, I'U take a taxi.

Don't use possessive pronouns with a noun . NOT It 's ",iilt: btJok. Don't use the with possessive pronouns, e.g.. ls a,is yours? NOT {of thiJ rflt: y ol11'S?

BC possessive pronouns Whose coat is it? It's my coa t. 12 )) It's mine. Whose jacket is it? It's your jacket. le's yours. Whose phone is it? It 's hi s phone. It's his. Whose bag is it? It 's her bag. It 's hers. Whose dog is it? It 's o ur dog. It's ours. Whose house is it? It's their house. It 's theirs. Use possessive pronoun s to talk about possession. Is it yours? Yes, it 's mine. Use whose to ill about possession. Whose book is it? Whose is fIla! baB?

pronouns and possessive adjectives overview

subject pronouns

I can come. You

object , , pronouns

possessive adjectives

me.

She loves

This is

possessive pronouns

seat.

It's

mine.

you

your

yours

him

his

her

its

our

They

them

their

He She

I I

hers its

ours

GRAMMAR BANK b Complete the senrences with should or shouldn't + a

verb in the list.

a Complete with should or shall/dll't.

drive go leave relax

You iliQllid srop smoking.

Wesl!ould leave early. It 's go ing to start snowing soon. You a scarf. It's really cold roday. 2 1____ this afternoon. I have an exam tomorrow.

You work really long hours eve ry day. 2 You lose a linle bit of we ight.

3 4 5 6 7 S

You You You _ _ _ _ You You You

3 4 5 6 7 8

eat more fr uit and vegetables. put so much suga r in you r coffee. start exercising. drink less soda. drink more water. go to bed so late.

You She You You Parents \Ve

alone in that pan ohhe city. Take a taxi. more. She's ve ry stressed. so fast at nighr - rhe roads are dan gerous. ro bed. You look tired. mo re time wit h their ch ild ren. a break yet ~ we only sta rted work at J 0:00.

-< p.61

b Complete with the correct form of the verbs.

SB a

spend study take walk wear

If we iliW walking, the bus will come. (start. come) If you me your sec ret, I anybody else. (tel l, not tell) If! it down, I it. (nor write, not remember) any news? (ca ll,get) you me if you She you if you her nicely. (help, ask) from Alex. (call, hear) I you if I You your friends if you ro Paris. (miss. move) !fyou carefully, you everything. (listen , understand) 8 The boss very happy if YOll lare for work. (not be, be) you home if YOll me directions. (drive, give) 9 I

Match the sente nce h alves. J

2 3 4 5

If you leave now, [Q The ticket will be cheaper If I don'r see you thisafrernoon, You'll learn more quickly If you get thar new job, You won't pass your dri vi ng tes t If I lend you this book,

A if you don't rake enough lessons. B will you give it back to me soon? C you1 Iteateh-the-&ee-ticl+n: o if you travel after 9:00. E if you come to eve ry class. F will you earn more mon ey? G I'll ca ll YOll this eve ning.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7

-< p.62

b Com plete the sentences with a pronoun or possessive adjective.

a @ theco rrectform. \Vhose car is that? It's her J~ This isn't my J mit,e pen. It's Susan's. I thinkthisbookisyol1r /yol1rs. This isn't your su itcase. It's ours / our. Where's Mary? I think these are her J ',ersgloves. T hese keys are mine / the mine. They showed us all theirs / their vacation photOg raphs. 7 These sea ts are theirs I tlieir, not ours. We're ove r there. 8 Is thi s YOllrs I your bag? 9 This isn't my jacket. It's her Jhers. I 2 3 4 5 6

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

This isn't my coffee. It's yours. Whcre'sI1.l.i..u..e.? A Is that her car? B No, it 's her boyfriend's. is a white Ford. Maya has a new boyfriend, but I haven't met ____ yet. new baby. Look. Here's a photo of Alex and Kim with \Ve've finished paying for our house, so it's ____ now. These are our tickets. Can you give Maria and Marra ? We're ve ry lu cky. Our parents bought th is dog for _ _ __ \Ve berh love gardening. \Vould you like to see _ _ __ garden? New York City is famous for tall buildings.

-< p.65 Online Practice

9 P

9A second conditional: if + past, would / wouldn't Ifa bull attacked me. I'd runaway. 4 16 )) If you didn't go to bed so late, you wouldn't be so tired in the morning. Would you take the manage r's job if they offered it to you? 2 If! had more time , I'd do more exercise. "d do more exercise i f! had more time . 3 If we weD[ by ca r, we could stop at places on the way. Use if + past to talk about an imaginary or hypothetical future situ ation and would !wouldn't + verb to talk about the consequence. wOllld I wOllldll't is the same for all persons. Contractions: 'd = would (J 'd,yoll'd, he'd. etc.); would,,'t = would IIOr. 2 The if clause ca n come first or second. If the if clause comes first. we usually put a comma before the next clause. 3 You can also use could + base form instead of would + base form in the othcr clau se.

Where do you live now? In Tokyo . How long have you lived there? I've lived th ere for twenty years.

A Where do you work? Bin an elementary school. A How long have you worked there? B I've worked t hcre since 2005.

21 JÂť)

...

you, .. , We often use this expression for advice, e.g., If I were you, I wouldn't take that job.

first or second conditional? Compa re the first and second condit io nals. Use the first conditional for possible future situatio ns. IJI don't have to work tomorrow, I'll help YOI1. (= It's a possibility. Maybe I will help you.) Use the second conditional for imaginary or hypothetical siwation s. IJ I didn't have to work tomorrow, I'd help yO/l . (= It's a hypothetical situation. I have to work, so I can't help you.)

for-twenryy= Use How loIlB"'? to ask quest ions about the duration of a n actio n or a state. for or since?

Use for + a period of time, e.g. ,Jor two weeks,Jor tell years,jor a 101lg time, ere. I've 'lad rliis car for three months. Use since with the beginning of a period of time, e.g., since 1980, since last Jllne, ete. I've been afraid of spiders since I was a child.

9C present perfect or simple past? (2) A B A B 2 A B A B

Use were (not was) in the expression If I were

Use the present perfect + for or since to talk about actions and states that started in the past and are still true now. I've lived in Tokyojor twellty years. = I came to live in Tokyo twcnty years ago, and I li ve in Tokyo now. Don't use t he simple present in this type of se ntence, e .g., NOT (l il t! in Fvkyo

98 present perfect + for or since A B A B

be in second conditionals With the verb be you can use were (instead of was) after 1/ he / she / it, e.g., If Jack was / were here, he'd know what to do.

How lon g was Bob Marl ey a music ian? He was a musician for twenty yea rs. How many Grammys did he win? He didn't win any. How lo ng has Z iggy Ma rley been a mus ician? He's been a mu sic ian since he was ten. How many Grammys has he won? He's won four.

28 1))

Use the simple past to tal k about a fini shed period of time in t he pa st. 2 Use the present perfect ro ralk about a period ohime from the past uncil now. Compare the simple pasr an d present perfect. Jack was married for tell years. = Jack is not married now. He 's divorced or dead. Jack has been married for re" years. = Jack is married now.

GRAMMAR BANK b Complete with the cor rect form of rhe verbs.

IfI ftmnd a good job, I would move to th e US. (find, move) I \Ve the house ifit a ya rd. (buy. have)

a Match the semence halves. You 'd feel much bener C1J I'd enjoy rhe weeke nd morc 2 Ifir 'ssunnyromorrow, 3 Wou ld YOll wea r it

4 If we learned Porruguese,

5 I wou Idn 't wo rk 6 Ifl wenrro li ve in Tokyo,

2 If you

you ___ abroad? (leave, ger) 10 I love li vin g here. I

HQW

hap py ifl ____ leave. (nor he, have ro)

b Answer the question s in a . Use the present perfecr + for or sitlce.

lOtiO ha veyolI heel! married?

I've heel! married (or 20 yea rs.

I you I be frig htened of cl owns

2 your sis ter I have he r ca r

3 you I live here 4 your dad I be a teacher 5 you I know your best friend

2 She 3 I

4 He

1990.

5 6 It 7 We 8 He

elemen ta ry sc hool.

6 Britain I be in the EU 7 you I have you r cat 8 he I work for th e sa me co mpany

? ?

9C a

your coumry if you ____ a well-pa id job

p.68

Write question s with H olV lorlB and the present perfect. you I he m ar ried

car. (not ride, have)

98 a

nearer. (sec, li ve) you - it's very ex pensive.

(not go, be) the car. 7 I you rorheairporrif my tnom (take, no r have) 8 I really like riding a bike, bur I my bike re wo rk if!

A iFj-oll did SOllle CXClcisc. B would YOll come to visit me? C if! bough t it fo r you? o we could go to the beach. E if ! didn't have ro work o n Sat urday. F we could go a nd work in Brazil. G if! didn't need the money.

harder. (learn , work) drive up to the mo untain s. (rent. ca n)

a car, wc our so n morc often ifhe to that restaurant if I

5 \Ve 6 I

it. (t ry, like)

Ind ia n food. I'm s ure you

mo re i f you

3 You 4 If we

~ i~ the correct form .

! was a ch ild. three years. a lo ng ti me.

1973. about twO yea rs.

2008.

p.71

Comp let e w it h th e present perfect o r simple past. A Where does Rob live now? B In San Diego. A Howlong _ _ _ _ _ th ere? (he / li ve)

She is l($lle's b ? single since last summe r. I He left I He has left sc hoo l tWO yea rs ago. 2 llit'ed I I've fi l'ed in Vancouver for two years, but then I

B For three month s. He September. (move)

moved to Toronto.

there in

2 A When ? (Picasso / die) B In 1977, in Pa ri s I think.

3 S/l e lives I Slle's lived in Flor id a si nce 2010. 4 My sister had I My sister has had her baby yesterd ay! 5 I work in a n o ffice. J work I J't'e worked there for 20 years. 6 Tile city changed I The city IlOs c1lOtlged a lot since I was a

A How long in France? (he f live) Spai n when he B For a long time. He was 25. (leave) 3 A My broth er and hi s wife ger alo ng very well.

ch ild. 7 They're divo rced now. They were I They have beet! ma rri ed fo r ten years.

B How long married' (they / be) m arried since 1995. They A They _ _ _ _ _ in college. (be, meet)

8 J met I I've met Sandra when I lI'as I hal'e beerJ in coll ege.

B Rea lly?

p.72

th at in Ch icago? (be)

Online Practice

10 You can o ften say things in twO ways, in the active or in the passive.

lOA passive: be + past participle Present: am I is I are + past pa rticipl e Kevlar is used to make bullet-proof vests. White-out isn 't used vcry much roday. (1) A re disposable diapers used all over the world?

Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher. (ac ti ve) Tile dishwasher w as in vented by Josephille Cochrane. (passive)

38 )))

G G

Past : \Vas I w ere + pa st participle G The dishwasher w as invented by Josephine Coch ra ne. G Wi ndshield wipers weren't invented unti l 1903. (1] Whe n was the washing machine invented ?

In rhe a ctive sentence, the focu s is more o n Josephine Co chrane. In the passive sentence, the focus is more on the dishwasher. ÂĽou ca n also use the passive w hen it isn't known at isn't important who does or did the action. My car was stole n last week. Valva ca rs are made it! Swede/!.

Use by m say who did t he aer ion. T he Lord of rhe Rings was writlen by Tolkien.

lOB used to / didn't use to G G

When I was a chi ld, I used to play on the street. 43 Âť)) My brother u sed [0 have very long hair. C hildren didn't use to watch much TV when my father was young. My daughter didn't use [0 like vegecables. but nOw she loves them. Did you use to wear a uniform at sc hool? Yes. I did. Did you u se to like your teachers? No, I didn't.

used to or usually? used to only exists in the past. For habits in the present, use usually + simple present, NOT use to I usually cook in the evenings. NOT I-tlse-to-eoek in-the evenings.

Use llsed to I didn't II se to + base form m talk about things tharhappened repeatedly or were true for a long period of time in the past, but are usua lly DQt true now, e.g., things that happened when you were a child . IIsed 10 I didn 't use to is the same for all persons. Instead of used to, YO ll ca n use the simple past with an adverb of freque ncy. Wlwll was a child, / oft e.n playe.d on tlie street.

10C might / might not (possibility) We might have a pic niCromorrow, bur it depend s on the weather. She might come wirh us , but she's not sure yet. I might not go m the pa rty. I haven't decided yet. You might not sec him m day. He's commg home late.

SO l))

Use mi8ltt I mi!JllIlIot + base form to say that maybe you will or won't do something. We milJht I/(/ve (I piCllic I,omorrow. = Maybe we will have a picn ic tomorrow. mi8l1t / min/It Il o t is rhe same fo r all persons. l1Ii{j/1l 1101 is nOt usually contracted.

may / may not You can also use may instead of might for possibility, e.g., We may have a picniC tomorrow. I may not go to the party.

GRAMMAR BANK lOA

b Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning with the highli ghted words.

a Complete with present or past passive. The Eiffel Tower wa s comuleted in 1889. (complete) Many offhe things we use every day ~___ by women. (invenr) in the US, most ch ildren in public schools. (educate) by Captain Cook in 1770. (discover) Australia This morning I up by the neighbor's dog. (wake) Baseball in the sum mer in the US. (play) The songs on this album last year. (record) Nowadays a lor ofroys in China. (make)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ca rols are songs that at Christmas. (sing) in Canada. (not usually see) 9 These birds 10 "Romc in a day." (nor build)

3 4

6 7 8

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603. Hamlet was writtefl by Shakespeare i11160J. Jonarhan Ive designed the iPod and the iPhone. Most Mediterranean countries produce olive oil. Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781. Barry Sonnenfeld direC[ed the Metl itl Black movies. David Hackney painted Mr alld Mrs Clarkalld Percy in 1970- 197 1. Elvis Presley didn't write Blue Suede Shoes. JK Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books. They make Hyundai cars in South Korea.

-< p.76 b Make sentences w ith used to, didn't use to, o r

lOB

did ... use to?

a Look at how John has changed. Write five sentences about how he was IN THE PAST.

m you , have long hair Did YOII use to have /0118 hair?

G my sister ' hate math, but she loves it now

m where , you , work

2 3 4

G I ' like vegetables when I was a chi ld

m what , you, do on summer vaca tion when

5 G He lI$ed to be sl im.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ _ _~_ long hair.

2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ glasses. 3 _ _ _~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a beard.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ soccer. 5 ~_ _ _~_ _ _ ~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a tie. 4

6 G 7 8 G 9 [l] 10 G

you were young Americans I put a lot of ice in drinks th is building ' be a movie theater your brother I teach here 1/ be a New York Yankees fan Jeff I have a motorcycle telegrams , be a way of sending important messages

-< p.79 b Complete th e senten ces w ith miBht + a verb phrase.

10C a Match the sentences. I

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Take some sunscreen. [Q] Let's buy a lottery ticket. Call the restaurant. Don't sta nd on the fence. Let's take a map. Try the shirt on. Don't wa it for me. Be ca reful with that knife! Ask how much it costs.

A You might fall. B It may not be you r size. C We might get lost. D It might be really :SU1I 1I]. E We may not have enough money. F You might cut yourself. G It may be closed on Sundays. H We might win. I I may be late.

be cold be sick be in a meeting ge-te-themovies not have time not like it have pizza

I'm not sure what to do tonight. I mill"t aD to tile woyie$

I 2 3 4 5 6

Kim wasn't at school today. S h e ~_ _ __ His phone is curned off. He _ _ _ _ _~ It's an unusual book. You ~_ _ _ _ _~ I don't know ifl'lI finish it. I ~_ _ _ _~ I'm not sure what to order. I ~_ _ _ _~ Takeajacket. lt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

-< p.SO

Online Practice

11 To express movement, use a ve rb of movement, e.g., 80, come, rim, walk , ere. and a preposit ion (or adve rb) of movement e.g., lip, dOVJ/l, away, etc.

11A expressing movement T he ma n went up the steps and into the chu rch. He drove out of rhe garage and along the streer. I ran over t he bridge and across the park.

58 ))

A phrasa l verb = verb + particle (prepos ition o r adve rb),

11B word order of phrasal verbs

e.g., nct lip, tum Oil, look for.

What time do you get up? 3 ))) I don't usua lly go out during the week. 2 Put on your coat. Pm your coar on. Pm it on. Turn off the TV. Turn the TV off. Turn it off. 3 I'm looking for my glasses. Have you found your glasses? No, l'm still looking for them.

11C

SO,

neither + auxiliaries

A I love classical music.

in or into? out or out of? Remember, use into / out of + noun, or in l out if there isn't a noun. Come into the living room. Come in. He went out of the house. He went out. See Ex pressing movement p.162.

I Some phrasa l ve rbs do n't have ,I ll object, e.g., net lip, 80 011/. 2 Some phrasal verbs have an object and are separable. Wit h these phrasal verbs, YOll can pur the part icle (011, off, etc.) before ill after the object. When the object is a pronoun (m e. il, him, etc.) it ~ goes between the verb and panicle. Here's your coat. Put it 011 . N O T Pttt-on-it: 3 Some phrasa l verbs have an objecr and are in sepa rab le, e.g., lookJar. With t hese phrasa l verbs, (he verb (e.g., look) and the particle (e.g.,for) are neve r sepa rated. I'm lookinnj or my Biasses. N OT I'm laaK;IItJ lily tJ~ See Phrasa l verbs p.163.

simple present 6 ))

B So do I. A I wenr to a classica l concen last night. B Sodid I. 2 A I'm not married . B Neither am I. A I don 't want ro get married . B Neither do I.

I don't like classical music.

present contin ~~~~~ E having a great time. can I can't Icanswim.

Neither do l. So am !. So can t

simple past

I didn't like the movie. I was very tired.

Neither did I. So was !.

would I wouldn 't

I wouldn't like to go there.

Neither would I.

present perfect

I've been to Brazil.

So have I.

â&#x20AC;˘ Be ca reful with the word o rder.

So do I. / Nei,""do I. NOT So+d& / Nei,herl-do. Use So do 1, Neither do I, etc .. to say t hat you have so meth ing in common w ith somebody. I Use So + auxiliary + I to respond to affi rmative sentences. 2 Use Neither + auxi liary + 1ro respond to negative semences. The auxiliary you use depends on the tense.

neither and nor You can also use nor instead of neither, e.g., A 1didn't like the movie. B Nor / Neither did I. Neither is usually pronounced "nithr-', but can also be pronounced "nalodri .

GRAMMAR BANK 11A

b Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

a @ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

rh eco rrectp repoS ition. I lost my cell ph one signal when we went across ~a runnel. \Ve ran to I dow" the ocean, and jumped itlto I out DJ the water. If you go over I past the bank, you'll see the super market on the right. He walked alof/B! across the stree t until he got to the park. The plane flew 011/ over the row n and then landed. The dog ran toward /10 me , bur then it scopped. \Ve biked over lout oJrhe bridge and in I it/to the city. The raci ng cars wenr arollnd / under rhe track 12 times. The little boy sudden ly ran across I throl/B" the road.

11B

He jumped i.uJ..Q. hi s car and drove away. As I biked under the bridge. a train went _____ ir.

2 Come . The door's open. those 3 This is rhe 3rd floor. Go stairs and you' ll come to the 2nd floor. 4 He wal ked _____ the ca fe and o rd ered a coffee. S I like going _____ on a Saturday night. 6 He took his passport 7 I'm exhausted. I've just biked _ _ _ _ a huge hill.

his bag.

-< p.85

b Complete the se ntences with it or them and a word from the li st.

a @thecorrectform. Ifboth are correct, check ./ the box. I 2 3 4 S 6

7 8 9 10

Turtl offyour photle I Turn )'ollr phone oJjbefore the movie starts. [Z] Tonight I have to look my sister after f look after my sister. Let's go out this e\'etlitl[J I go this evening Ollt. Tllm dowt! the radio I TUrll the radio dowtl. It 's roo loud . 0 My brother is fookitlgJor a lIew job I looking a lIew job for. You should throwaway those oldjealls I throw those oldjeans away. I don't li ke shoppi ng fo r clothes onl ine - I prefe r ro try them on I try OIl them before I buy them. 0 . TakeoJjyour shoes I Take your shoes offbefore you cQme in. That's my sister-I think you'd rea lly get alOll8IVi1li her f 8et aio1l(J Iter with. If it doesn't fit, you should take back it I take it back to the store. 0 Whartime do you get up it! tile mOrl/j"818et itl the mortlill8 up? 0

back out on «2)

up «3) down

I can't hear the radio. Turn tlllp.. Your clothes are all over the floor. Pick _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2 Here's you r coat. Put _ _ __ __ __ 3 "W hat does this word mean?" "Look _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4 To get yo ur passport, there are th ree forms. Please fill now. S You remember that money J lent you? When can you give ? 6 Is there anything o n TV? Let 's turn __________ and see. 7 You won't remember my address. Write

-< p.87 11e a

Comp lete 8 's answers w ith an auxi li ary verb. I

2 3 4

5 6

7 8 9

A A A A A A A A A A

I like chocolate. B So ill! I. I'm rea lly thirsty. B So I. I didn't go our last nigh£. B Neither I was born in Seoul. B So I. I don't eat meat. B Neither I. I've been to Istanbul. B So 1. I ca n't sing. B Ne ither I. I'd li ke to go to Ba iL B So 1. I saw a movie last week. B So 1. I wouldn't like to eat that. B Neither

10 A I can play chess.

B So

Respond to A. Say you are t he same. Use 50 ... 1or Neither .. .I. A I don't like cabbage. Neither dQ I. A I live near the supermarket, 2 A I'm not afraid of snakes. 3 A I wenr ro bed late la st night. 4 A I haven't been ro Canada. SAl don't have any pets. 6 A I can speak three language s. 7 A 1always drink coffee in the mo rning. S A ('m waiting for the bus to the airport .

-< p.88 Online Practice

181

12 Use the past perfect when you are already talking about t he past and want to talk about an earlier past acrion. Wll etl 1 lVoke up the yard lVas ail white. It had sno w ed dl/ring the lIi8hl. = It snowed ~ I woke lip. Make the past perfect with had I hadtl't + past participle. The form of the past perfect is the same for all persons. Ilad is sometimes contracted to 'd.

12A past perfect G

When I woke up the yard was all white. 17 »)) It had snowed during the night , I suddenly rea lized that I'd left my cell phone in the taxi. We gO ( home just in t ime- the game hadn 't started. When she got ro class, she realized th at she hadn't brought her book. A I went ro New Yo rk City last weekend . J rea lly loved it. S Had you been the re befo re? A No, I hadn't,

had or would? Be careful: 'd can be had or would.

I didn't know that you'd found a new job. ('d = had) If you went by taxi, you'd get there more quickly. ('d = would)

• Verb tenses change like this:

128 reported (or indirect) speech

direct speech

d irect sp eech " I love you." " I've just arrived." "We'll come at eight." " . don't want to go to t he party."

WI can help you."

rep o rte d s p eech 23 »)) He said (that) he loved me. She said (that) she had just arrived. He told me (that) they would come at eight. Jack told Ann a (that) he didn 't want to go to t he party.

Use reported speech to report (to tell somebody) what another person sa id. We often introduce reported speech with said o r raid (+ person) After said or told that is optional. e.g., He said (tha t) li e loved me. Pronouns often change in reported speech. e.g., I changes to lie or she. '"' I'm tired." S he laid me (that) she was tired.

reported speech

He said (that) he could help me.

(Simple present)

(simple past)

"I 'm watching TV.H (present continuous)

She said (that) she was watching TV. (past continuous)

"I'll call you."

He told me (that) he wouLd call me.

{will)

(would)

"I met a girl." (simple past)

John told me (that) he had met a girl.

~---------------

(past perfect)

"I've broken my leg." ' Sara said (that) she had broken her leg.

(present perfect)

(past perfect)

say or tell? You can use said or told in reported speech, but they are used differently. You c an~t use said with an object or pronoun. He said (that) he loved me. NOT He .. aifIfflefthat) he loved me. You must use told with an object. He told me (that) he loved me. NOT He-ttlld (that) he love<fme.

When tbe question word (Who?, What?, Which?, How many? etc.) is the ~ of the verb in the question , we

12C questions without auxiliaries

dwU use an auxiliary verb (do I do es I did). subject Who Whi ch singer How many people Wh o

verb painted made li ve wants

27 »)) Mr atld Mrs Cla rk arid Percy? reggae popu lar all over the world ? near the school? a cup of co ffe e?

W ho p ainted Mr alld Mrs Clark arid Percy? NOT Villo ditipaillt ... ? I n most other quest ions i n the simple present and past, we use t he auxiliary verb do I does I did + t he base form. What music do you like? N OT What musieytnt-like?See I Ap.126.

GRAMMAR BANK b Complete the sentences. Pue the verbs in the simple past and past perfect.

12A a

Match rhe sentence halves. I couldn't get into my house because I When our friends arrived

2 3 4 5 6

I tOok the jacket back because Jill didn't come with liS because I rurned on the TV news Fumiko was nervous because When I got to the supermarket checkout

We didti 'tget a table in the restauram because we hadn't w ade a reservation. (not get, not make) I Sonia because she a lot.

A she'd made other plans. B I realized that I'd left my wailer at home. C I'd itls[ ill} h)S. o I had bought the wrong size. E it was the first time she had flown. F [0 see what had happened. G wc hadn't finished cook ing the dinn er.

(nor recognize, change) 2 My friend ro reil me that I my wa llet in his car. (call, leave) 3 When I the radio, the news _ _ _ __ (turn on, already finish) 4 She me the DVD because she it yet. (not lend , not watch) 5 The store _ _ _ _ _ by the time we (close, arrive) home, we saw that somebody 6 When we _ _ _ _ _ the kitchen window. (get, break) 7 Luckily, it _ _ _ _ _ snowing when we _ __ __ work. (stop, leave)

-< p.93 b \Vrite the senrences in direct speech.

128 a Write the sentences in reported speech. He told herthat heIQved her. She sa id that she _ _ __ 2 " I don't like sad movies." He told her he _ _ _ __ " I love you." I "I'm hungry."

He told her that he was a doctor. He said: "1 'trIO doctor" She said that she was studying Japanese. She said: ,.-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

2 Tony told me that his car had broken down. Tony said: "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

3 Yoshi said that he would send me an emai l. Yoshi said: "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __

3 ;' 1'11 ca ll thedocror." Hesaid he _ _ _ __ 4 ;'I've bought a new phone." Paul told us that he _ _ _ __

4 Sella and Eberto said they were in a hurry.

5 ") live downtown."

5 He said he hadn 't finished his essay yet.

Sella and Eberro said: ',. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

She said that she _ _ _ __

He said: "-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

6 "We ca n't do it! " They sa id that they _ _ _ __

6 She told us that she wouldn't arrive on time. She said: ". _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

7 "I saw Eclipse at the movie theater."

7 David said he had JUSt arrived. David said: "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Julie sa id thac she _ _ _ __

12C a ~;;0the correct question form. Whatyo/J did /@d YOLl~ last night? I What l/apperted I did l/Gppel/ to you? 2 \Vhar meatls this word I does this word mea,,?

3 How many people came I did come to the meeting? 4 WhichbusBoes / does8ototown? 5 W hich movie WO" / did wi,1 rhe Academy Award this year? 6 What said the teacher I did the teacher say? 7 Who made I did make this cake? It's delicious!

-< p.94

b \Vrite the questions. Do you know the answers? How many Formu la 1 championsh ips did Michael Sc!/II1lIac1ler will? (Michael Schumac her / win) \Vhen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ president of the US? (Ba rack Obama I become) 2 \Vhich US Stare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with the iener"H"? (scare) ? (J.R.R. Tolkien / write) 3 Which books 4 \Vho _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the soccer \Vorld C up in 201O? (win) 5 \Vhich spo n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the lightest ball? (use) 6 Where 7 Which company

-< p.96

(the 2012 Olympics / take place) ? (Steve Jobs / start)

Online Practice

VOCABULARY BANK

Describing people 1 APPEARANCE

2 PERSONALITY

March the sentences and pictures.

Match the adjectives with the definitions.

Whar's he like? What's she like? friendly :'ff£ndlj, funny "f.'\ni generous ,I'd3Endf:J'> kind kamd lazy "Ielzi; shy iJaT smart smart talkative !'t;)blTvi

Adjective A person who is open and warm is 2 A perso n who talks a lot is

Opposite

(ri erldly

3 A person who likes giving people things is 4 A perso n who is friendly and good re other people is 5 A person who does n't want re work is 6 A person who makes peop le laugh is 7 A person who is quick at learning and understanding things is (synony m illtelliBellt) 8 A person who can't talk easily to people he I she doesn't know is b Complete the Opposite column with an adjective from the list. What do es h e I she look like? She has Qlily red hair. She has long straight hair. She has big blue eyes. She has dark wavy hair. He has a beard and a musrache. He's bald. He's very tall and thin . He's shorr and a litt leQverweight. He's ~diu m height a nd slim .

lO })) Listen and check. thin or slim? fat or overweight? Thin and slim are both the opposite of fat, but slim = thin in an attractive way. Fat is not very polite. It is more polite to say someone is (a little) overweight.

Using two adjectives together We often use two adjectives together (without and) to describe hair or eyes, e.g., She has long curly hair or He has big brown eyes. Adjectives go in this order:

size ) style >color noun.

cheap Ifip extrovert "ck'>tr;}v:Jrt hardworking "hurdw;)rkll) quiet "k\l.'a l:Jt serious l'sl ri:J'> stupid 'stup:Jd unfriendly IAn'fn:ndli unkind 'ln'kamd

11 ))) Listen and check.

d In pairs, ask and answer about a member of your famil y o r a good friend. A What does your sister look like..:2

~ She's tall and she has short dark hair. A What's she lik~

P nice; funny or fun?

Nice is a very common I±l adjective of personality, e.g., He's a very nice person. Nice describes a person who is friendly and kind.

A person who is funny makes you laugh. A person who is fun is a person who you have a good time with.

p.6

VOCABULARY BANK

Things you wear a

Match the words and p ict ures. C lothe s cardigan 'kor(lig;Jnl

coat lout dress /dn::s,' jacker '!'d3CCkJL

jeans Id3inzl

pan ts Iprent Si shi rt ,J:Jfi

sho rts 1J:'lrt s skirr .sbrt 5ui r 'sUl

swea rer l'swCl:)r. top Ilap

T-shirt l'tJ~rt warm- up suit I'wxm Ap ':.utl

Footwear boors 'OUl'.

fl ip-flops I'fhp flops sandals /"-ixndlzl shoes .Tuz'

sneakers l'snik;,rz i Acc essories belt belL

cap krep,

gloves /gLwz' hat 'h<£{,

leggings j'h::.gl1Jz

scarf Iskorf' socks Isoks tie 'tal/

tights lalls!

Jewelry

bracele t "brel,;I;'1 ea rrings l'IrIO/

necklace i nck1;)s! l

ring

b c

TII)

119 »)) Li ste n and check. Cover the words a nd look at the pictures. Test yoursel f or a partner.

-c: p.B

wear, carry, or dress? Use wear f?r clothes and jewelry / glasses, etc.

She's wearmg a hat. He's wearing sunglasses. Use carry for bags, briefcases, etc . She's carrying a bag. Use. dress .(with no object) to describe the kind of clothes people wear. TV Journalists dress very well. Jane always dresses in black.

VOCABULARY BANK

Vacations 1 PHRASES WITH GO

2 OTHER VACATION ACTIVITIES

a Match the phrases and pictures.

a Complete th e verb phrases. book buy have rent

spend

stay sunbathe take Hay

in a

holli l at a campsite I with friends

_ _ _ _ J2hQtos _ _ _ _ £Q.Yvenirs _ _ _ _ on the beach _ _ _ _ a good rime _ _ _ _ illQllcy I time _ _ _ _ an alNLImenr I ahicycle I sk is _ _ _ _ flight s I hoIcl> o nUM b

3 2 ») Listen and c heck.

c Test yourself. Cover th e verbs. Remember the phrases.

3- ADJECTIVES

'. J

L-

."" I

Match the questions and answers. \Vhar was the weather like ? It was ... 2

\Vhar was the hotel like? It was ..

3 \Vhar was the tow n like? It was ... 4 What were the peop le like? T hey were ... S \Vhat was the food like? It was ...

[B comfo rrable, lu.lU!.Iious G hi.sic, rurr)'. uncomfortable

G friendly, h.cl!2ful l:J unfl:krully, unh.cl!2ful 0 lliYtiful, nice G nois)', crowded [B delicious

G oorhing ~cia l , disg.JJ..S.ting

[±J warm, Elnn)' G very windy, fuggy, £l2.udy go abroad

! go away for rhe weekend go by bus I car I plane I rrain gOldlillping go for a walk go on vacation go our at night

go .s.ighrseeing go iliing I walking I hlking

go lliimming I sailing I £J..[fing b

3 1 ») Listen and check.

c Cover rhe phrases and look at the pictures. Test yourself or a partner.

33 ») Listen a nd ch eck.

P General affirmative and negative adjectives G::J

« p.12

nice, wonderful, fantastic, great O~ not bad alright awful, horrible, terrible

VOCABULARY BANK

Prepositions 1 AT/IN/ON

2 VERBS + PREPOSITIONS

a Co mplete the chan with (It, ill, or OIL

Complete th e Prepositions column with a word from th e list. about at

Countries and cities

February, June

Rooms

Seasons

the kitchen

(the) winter

Closed spaces a park, a yard 2

2011

Transportation

Dates

a bike, a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (not ear)

March 1st

Prepositions I arri ved

Days Tuesday, New Year's Day, Valentine's Day

3 I hate wairi ng

Times

college

6 o'clock, two thirty, 7:45

the hote l.

people who are lare.

4 A \Vhat are you goi ng CO do the weekend? B I don't know. It depe nds the wearher.

school, home, work,

New York City on Friday ni ght.

2 I was very tired when I arr ived

the weekend

surface

with

Times of day

a car

the floor, a table, a shelf, the balcony, the roof, the wall

of on to

Years

the morning, the afternoon, the evening (not night)

Months

Peru, Lima

Buildings a store, a museum

for

5 I'm so rry, but I rea lly don 'r agree ~

I asked

a chicken sa ndwich, bur this is tuna!

7 Lee's invite Debbie and T im

8 \Vho's going CO pay

the airport, the train night, midnight, station, a bus stop lunch a party, the daor

I need co spea k

Martin

th e meetin g.

I don't spend much money

Are you go ing to write

Don't worry love

the party.

the mea l?

13 She fell

you.

food .

him soon?

the exam. It isn't very hard . a man she met on the

Internet.

42 J}) Li sten and check.

c Look ar the chan for a few minutes. Th en test a partner: A Say a place or time word, c.g., Lima, Tuesday. S C lose your books. Say rhe preposition (at, ill, or all) . C han ge roles.

-c: p.14

You're nor li srenin g! \Vhar are you thinkin g

A \Vhardoyourh ink Shakira ? B I rea lly like her. I th ink she's grear.

68 Âť)) Listen a nd chec k.

b c

Cover the Prepositions column. Say the sentences.

arrive in or arrive at? Remember we use arrive in + cities or countries and arrive at + buildings, stations, etc.

-c: p.23

Housework, make or do? 1 HOUSEWORK

2 MAKEORDO?

Match the verb phrases and the pictures.

VOCABULARY BANK

Write make or do next co the pictures. ~d",Q ,,-_

a crosswo rd

~_ _

a mistake

_ _ _ an exercise I ho mework

_ _ _ anoise

_ _ _ a phone call

, _---;._ housework

_ _ _ friends

_ _ _ lunch I dinner

clean the floor clean your room

do the dishes do the ironing

_ _ _ yoga

do the laundry

do the shoppi ng make lunch

_ _ _ plans

make the beds pick up diny clothes (from the floor) pur away your clothes

set th e table (opposite clear) take out the garbage b

13 Âť) Li sren and check.

c Cover the phrases and look at the pict ures. Say the phrases.

b c

14 Âť) Lisren and check. Cover the phrases and look at the pictures. Say the phrases.

d Talk to a parrner. What housework d o YOll usuall y do? \Vhar have you done today?

\Vho does the most housework in your family? Do you argue about housework in your family? Give examp les. What hou sework d o yo u hare doing? \Vhar don'r you mind doing? Is there any housework you like doing?

-c: p.28

VOCABULARY BANK

Shopping 1 IN A SHOP OR STORE a Match the words and pictures. check out

custome r fitting roo ms receipt salesperson

shopp in g cart I basket take something back try something on

g) 28 ))) Lisren a nd check.

c Cover the words and look at rhe pictures. Say the words.

fit or suit? If clothes don't fit you, it means they are the wrong size (e.g., too big, too small, too tight, too loose), If clothes don' t suit you, it means they don't look good on you .

2 ONLlNE Read the text about shopping online. Then co mplete it with words fr0111 t he li st.

account ,J'J,;aUllt auction ",)kJn cart "'un checkout 'IJckaot delivery ,,,h'hvJr i item payment 'pc l m;'Jllt

size \.\11:

'all~m/

website '\\Ch\illll

Shopping online When you are shopping online, first you go to the lwebsjte. The first time you use a site, you usually have to create an _ _ _ where you give your personal information. You then choose what you want to buy and c lick on each 3_ __ If you are buying clothes, make sure you get the right

! Everything you buy goes into your shopping bag , usually at the top right of the page. When you

or 5

are ready to pay you click on "proceed to 6 have to give your

7_ _ _

." You

then

address where you want them

to send your things and give your 8._ _ _ information, for example your credit card number and expiration date. Many people today also buy and sett things online at 9 _ __ sites like eBay.

ÂŤ

29 ))) Lisren and check. p.31

VOCABULARY BANK

Describing a town or city 1 WHERE 15 IT? HOW BIG 15 IT? a

Look at the map. Then read the description of Reading and@thecorrecrwords o r phrases. Reading is a city in the east / west of the state of Pennsylvania in the US, on the 5chuykiU River / in the mountains. It is about 60 miles east / west of Philadelphia. It is a small / medium / large city, and it has a population of about SS,DOO.lt is famous for its discount outlet

shopping malls, which were the first in the US.

~ 46 ,)) Listen and check.

2 WHAT'S IT LIKE? adject ives to describe a town or city

3 WHAT 15 THERE TO SEE? a

Put the words in the right column.

a March the adjectives and sentences 1-6.

eastte

'I(&sl' cathedral 'k;}'eidrall church itJartJI department store id l'purtm;)nt ~tJr market ;'marbt mosque /musk! museum 'myu'ziJm palace 'piel;:'!.... shopping mall "fupll) m;'lV statue flst,ctfu temple 'templ town hall "taon h:'ll

Opposite boring

'bJTII}

excjtjng

crowded 'krauddd! da ngerous 'dcmd3:JT;,)<';

Religious buildings

Places where you can buy things

modern {' mod:Jrn

Historic buildings and monuments castle

no isy 'n:lIzii

polluted "p:J'!UllU

2 3 4

5 6

There are a lot of restaurantS and clubs with loud m usic . T he air is very dirry. T he re are too many people. T he buildi ngs we re a ll bui lt very recently. There's nothing to do. You have to be carefu l, especia lly at night.

b Match these adject ives with their opposites in a . clean klill' empty "cmpti exeit-ffig Ik'saltll] interesting .'~mtr~stIlY old 1001& quiet i'kwalat safe iself..' c

47 Âť)) Listen and c heck your answe rs to a a nd h . Cove r t he wo rds a nd look at the sem ences. Remember the adject ives an d t he ir opposites.

b c

48 ')) Listen and check. W h ich ofe he places in a a re t he re I aren't there in your cit y? (

!.h~re's a cathedral and some churches. isn 't a castle.

~re

-c: p.39

Opposite verbs a

VOCABULARY BANK

Match the ve rbs and pictures. arrive (early) i;)' ra lVi

Opposite leave

brea k ()'our alasses) brclkl

buy (a hOllse) (ba" find (yollr keys) Ifalnu, forget (a /lame) If;}r'gct lend (m otl ey to somebody) 'lcnd/ mi ss (a trail! ) Imls! pass (atl exam) Ipxs push (tile door) pur se nd (atl em ail) ;\cnd/ srarr (a race) 'stort teach (EIIB/ish) It itJ! [urn o n (the TV) ,tarn 'on ' win (a Bame)

'Win

b Find the o ppos ite ve rbs in the list. Write them in the Opposite col umn . borrow (from somebody) I'OOroo'

catch IklCtf/ fail /fed i fix I repair Iflksi In'pcrl get / receive Igctlln\ivl learn Ibrni leave 11ivl lose «2) 'lul' pull poU reme mber In'mcmbar sell i'icll st op / finish istopi /'flmf, turn off ,tarn 'off

2 »)) Listen a nd check.

d Cove r the verbs and look at the picrures. Remember the verbs and th eir opposites.

p.44

File

Edit

View

VOCABULARY BANK

Verb forms 1 VERBS + INFINITIVE a Complete the to + verb column w ith to + a verb from rhe lisc. be bring buy catch drive find get married ge (x2) help pay rain see turn off

to + verb

I decide forget 3 hope 4 learn S need 2

\Ve've decided to France for our vaca tion. Don't forger all the lights. We hope you again soon. I'm learning . My driving test's next mo nth. I n eed

ll1.iJ"------

to rh e s uper ma rker. \Ve don't have a ny milk .

6 offer 7 plan S pretend 9 promise ID remember 11 start

He offe red me w ith my resu me. They're plan nin g soon. He pretended sick, but he wasn't really. He's pro mi sed me back when h e gers a jo b. Remember your dictionaries to class mmor Tew. It was ve ry cloudy and it sta rted 12 try I'm trying a job, bm it's very hard. 13 want I wam the six o'clock train. 14 would like I'd like a new car next month.

25 )) Li sten and ch eck.

Cover the to + verb column. Say the se ntences.

--c: p.53 2 VERBS + GERUND (VERB + -ING) a

Complete th e gerund column with a verb from the list in the gerund. be cook do have make rain reacl talk clean up wake up work

gerund I enjoy 2 finish 3 go on (= conrinue) 4 hate S like 6 love 7 (don ' t) mind S spend (time) 9 start*

ID stop 11 *

feel like

I enjoy

in bed.

readjl![J

Have you finished your roo m? I want to go on until I'm 60. I hate late when I'm meeting someone. I like breakfast in a ca fe. I love on a sunny mo rning. I don 't mind rh e ironing. It's very relax ing. She spend s hours on the phone. It sta rted at 5:30 in the morning. Please stop that noise. I can't think. I don't feel like today, Let's go out fo r lu nch, _ _ __

start can be used with a gerund or infinitive, e.g., It started raining. It started to rain.

29 )) Li sten and check.

Cover the gerund column. Say [h e se nten ces.

--c: p.55

get

VOCABULARY BANK

Pg_t

get is one of the most common verbs in

English. It has several diff erent meanings, e.g., arrive, become, and can also be used with ma ny prepositions or adverbs with different meanings, e.g., get up, get on with.

Match the ph rases and the pictures. become (+ adjective I pas t participle) get a ngry get divorced get in shape get losr get marr ied get nervous

(J et =

(J et = become

(+ comparative)

get berect get colder get wo rse

Bel = buy I o bta in get a job get a newspaper get a ticker

preposition (phrasal ve rbs) get along (well) w ith get on I off a bus get up

(Jet +

8el (to) = a rrive ger home

get (Q sc hool get ro work (Jet

= r eceive get an ema il

get a present get a (rcxr) message

3 54 )) Liste n a nd check.

c Cover rhe phrases a nd look at the pictures.

Test yourself or a pa rrner.

-< p.61

III

VOCABULARY BANK

Confusing verbs a

Match the verbs and pictures. wear {werl

carry /' kre r i

jewelry clothes

a baB a baby

wi n /w ln/ a medal

earn /~rn l

a salary

a prize

money

Qgame

know /noo! somebod)1 well something hope Ihoupl that somethitlB

good will happert

meet /mit

somebodyfor the first time at 11 o'clock wait /welt!

fora bus for a /0118 time

to do somethinB

watch /wolf

look at Iluk retl a photo your watch

TV QBame

look Ilokl

happy about 25 years old

look like /lok lalk ' your mother a model

miss /m lsl

lose Ilu zl

the bus a class

QBame

your Blasses

bring /brrol your dictiorlary

rake Itclk an umbrella

somethinB back from vacation

your childrerl to school

look for Iluk brl

find Ifarnd i

your Blasses

your Biasses

ajob

say /sC lf sorry

tell Ildl

ajoke a lie

hello

somethillB to somebody somebody sometliillfJ

lend Ilend; money to somebody

borrow "beroul mOrle)'from somebody

5 )J) Liste n and check.

c Work with a par mer. A say a ve rb, B say a possible continu ation. A

Wait~ ~

for a bus

hope and expect hope = to want something to happen and think it will happen, always for positive things, e.g., I hope I'll pass the exam.

expect = to think something wilt happen, usually for a reason (not necessarily a positive thing), e.g., I expect I'll fail because I haven't worked very hard. look and look like

..( p.63

After look we use an adjective or an age. After look like we use a noun.

Animals a

VOCABULARY BANK

Match the words and piccures.

bee 'bii burrerfly 'h"t~rflal

fl y f lml mosquito 'm;l'skitoo/ spide r l'sp'lId;)]'i bull oul

chicken j'lJlbn cow 'kau:

goat IYOOI

horse Ihxs' pig 'p lg' sheep ,'fip; bat 'brei

bear ibcr' bird ,b;udl

camel /'ka::m l crocodi le /'!..rubda ll dolphin "dolf;:ml elephant 'cl;}bn t giraffe 'd3J'racr jellyfish fd3Cliflfi kangaroo 'kacIJ9;'l'ru

lion

l'la l ~n

monkey "m.\ljh

mouse (plura l mice) im~IUSi rabbit " racb;)t

shark ifark snake snclk,

tige r I'ta lg::>rl wha le

b c

171Âť)

'wCII,'

Lisren and check,

Cover the wo rd s and look at

the pictures. Test yourself or a partner.

-c: p,68

Expressing movement a Match the words and pictures. under (the bridge) '\nddf' along (tile street) /a'bl)/

around (tile lake) l;l'raund. throug h (th e tlJllnel) llru inro (tile store) 'ml U across (th e road) la'kr:."l<" ove r

'Ol.Jv~r

(the bridge)

up (tile steps) \pi

past (tire c1lUrch) px ... t roward (tIle lake)

/'to(J~rd.

down (the steps) idnon o U[ of (the store) flaot ovl

in (to) and out (of) After a verb of movement we use either inl out or into! out of+ place, e.g., Come in. Come into my office. He ran out. He ran out of the room.

57 )) Listen and check.

c Cover the words. \Vhere did Snowy go?

0 e went down the steps ...

away, off, and back We use away to express movement to another place, e.g., Go away! I don't want to speak to you. The man ran away when he saw the po/ice officer.

We use back to express movement to the place where something or somebody was before, e.g., After dinner we went back to our hotel. Their dog ran away and never came back.

We use off to express movement down or away, e.g., Get off the bus at the train station. The man ran off when he saw the police officer.

-< p.84

VOCABULARY BANK

Phrasal verbs a Match th e sentences and the pictures. The game will be over at about 5:30. I need to give up fast food. Don 't throwaway that letter!

Turn down the music! It's ve ry loud . Turn up rhe TV! I can't hear.

He looked up the words in J dicrionary. Could you fill out this form? I want to find out about hotels in Mexico C ity. It 's bedtime - go and put on your pajamas. Could you take off your boors. please? My sister's looking after Jimmy for me today.

I'm really looking forward to the holidays.

52 )) Liste n and check.

c Cover rhe sentences and look at the pictures. Remember the phrasal ve rbs.

d Look at these ochcr phrasal verbs from Files 1- 10. Can yo u remember what they mean? get up com e o n go aw ay (fo r the weekend) go o ut (ar nighr) stand up s it dow n turn on (r he T V) turn off(rhe TV) try on (clothes) give back (somethi ng you've borrowed) take hack (something to a sro re) call back (lare r) pay back (money you've borrowed) write down (the words) put away (e.g., clot hes in a closer) pick up (something on the floor) look for (somet hin g you've lost) get on l off(a bus) get along with (a person)

-< p.87

Type 1 ::; no object The verb and the particle (on, up, etc.) are never separated. I get up at 7:30. Type 2 ::; + object The verb and the particle (on, up, etc.) can be separated. Turn the TV on. OR Turn on the TV. Type 3 ::; + object The verb and the particle (on, up, etc.) are never separated. Look for your keys. NOT L-ook yOUf-keys (Of;

Irregular verbs 29 ))

Present

Simple past

Past participle

learned / 1~rnd '

learned

leave liv/

left lcft

left

lend Iknd

lent I lenl l

lent

letllet

let

lose lu ti

lost I b stl

lost

learn

164

lI~rn l

Present

SimpLe past

Past participle

be Ibi!

was /w':Jz/ were / w';Jrl

been Ibm/

become Ibl'kAml

became 'bl'kclm;

become

begin Ibl'gml

began 'bl'gren'

begun Ibl 'gAnl

break ibrelkJ

broke brouk

broken I' brouk:ml

make /mc]"

made /mcldl

made

bring Ibrll)1

brought

meet mitl

met fm!:l f

met

build Ibll dl

built bliL

built

pay fpel

paid Irelol

buy Iball

paid

boughtlhot

bought

put put

put

can Ika:nl

could 'kud,

read rid

read !red/

read In:dl

catch Ika:tJI

caught 'kot

caught

ring 'n o!

rang /ra::1)1

rung IrAQI

choose Itfuz/

chose lIoozl

chosen I' tJouzn f

r U{l~An

ran /rren/

run

come IkAml

came kClm

come

cost I bst l cut IkAt l

cost

say i<:;CII

said Ised/

said

cut

see isil

saw Is:x

seen /sin/

sett IsÂŁl/

sold /souldl

do Idul

did idld!

done IdAn

sold

send Isend,

sent I<:;enll

sent

drink IdnlJkl

drank IdncQki

drunk /drAl)k

drive /dralv/

shut j'At

shut

drove Idrouv/

driven "dn vnf

sing 'sui

sang Isa::l)/

sung ISAl)f

eat lit!

ate lel!

eaten I' itn

sit Islt!

sat '<jret

sat

sleep l'lip!

slept Islept l

slept

fall /foV

fell :fcl

fallen I'blan

speak /spikl

spoke Ispook/

spoken !'<:;poubnl

feel lfill

feltlF.it

felt

spe nd spendl

spent Ispcnt l

spent

find Ifamdl

found ifaondl

found

stand 'strend/

stood istud/

stood

fly /flail

flew Iflul

flown Ifloon!

stea l 'stil i

stole /<;toul

stolen J'stou];)n/

forget If;)r'gct l

fo rgot Ibr'gotl

forgotten If;)r'gatnJ

swim /swlml

swam /swi:ÂŁm/

swum IswAml

getlgetl

got Igol l

gotten /'901nl

take tClk '

took ltuk,

taken I'te l bnl

give Iglvl

gave igclv/

given I'gl vnJ

teach

taught ;I>tl

taught

go 19001

went I wentl

gone Iganl

telltd

told IIQoldl

told

grow Igrool

grew Igru,

grown /9l"Ounl

t hink910kl

thought lfJotl

thought

have Ihrevl

had !hredi

had

throw IBrool

threw IOrUi

thrown

hear Ih lrl

heard IhordJ

heard

hit

understand /Andor'sta::ndl

understood IAndor'stud/

understood

hitlhill keep Ikipl

keptlkeptl

kept

wake welk

woke /wook /

woken /'wookonl

know Inool

knew f nu!

known Inoonl

w ea rwcrl

wore /w';)rl

worn !wjrnl

wi n /will

won !wAn/

won

w rite tall

wrote 'rout/

written !'ntn!

Irregular verbs

i}JD\'

Online Practice

I itS'

~rounl

Appendix have got You can use have BOI. instead of have for possession in rhe present. I've Bot a bike. =I h ave a bike. H aveyolllJota car? = Do you h ave a car? We also use /wve 80t to talk about family and sick nesses, a nd to descr ibe people.

I've got a brorher and two s isters. 44 )) I have n'r got any pets. She's got a beauti ful house. He has n't gOt ma ny friends. Have th ey got a ny ch ild ren? No, t hey haven 't. Has the hote l got a swimming pool? Yes , it has.

I've Bot two sisters. He's Bot a cold.

fuUform

contraction

negative

I have got

I've got

I haven't got

Vou have got

You've got

You haven't got

He / She / It has got

He / She / It's got

He / She / It hasn't got

We have got

We've got

We haven't got

You have got

You've got

Vou haven't got

They have got

They've got

They haven't got

III

a car.

in co nversario n in the US .

0 I have.

I haven't.

Have you got

you have.

you haven't.

Have we got

Ves,

a car?

he / she / it has. we have.

he / she / it hasn't. No,

we haven't.

Have you got

you have.

you haven't.

Have they got

they have.

they haven't.

Write G, G, and have BOt. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

have Bor is not used in the past. For past possession use hacl. I liad a pet cat whell Itvas a dd/d. Did you lfave a pet? Ilwve ... I Do YOIl/wve ... ? is more common than I 've got J Hal'e YOIl801 ... ?

Have I got

Has he / he / it got

Sh e's got /0118, browl! hair.

rn sentences wit h the cor rect fo rm o f

b Co mpl ete t he senre nces wit h t he right for m of have Bot. T hey love animals. Th ey~ two dogs and five cats. I I hope it doesn't rai n -I my umbrell a today. 2 ____ your phone ____ a good ca mera? 3 ____ a new iPad. Do you wa nt to see it? 4 Sorr)' ki ds, I enough money to buy ca ndy. 5 Ja ne ____ 50 pai rs of shoes - can you beli eve it? 6 I can't ca ll him now - I ____ an)' se rvice for my phone. 7 )'ou ____ you r keys? 1can't fin d mine. 8 Ma ri a's so lucky - she ____ beauriful , cu rly hair. 9 O ne more ques ti on, Mr. Jones. ____ you _ _ __ any exper ience? 10 We might have problems gett ing there because we ____ aG PSinou r ca r.

they I big house G They 've Bot a biB house. she I any brothers B you I big apa rrmenr we I a lot of work rad ay G your sister ' a sma rcphone Roger and Va l , a beautiful yard G I f a rea lly good teac her G My brother I a job r ig ht now G they I the sa me color eyes G we I a meeting today he f ma nyfriendsarwork G

ÂŤ

p.S9

Appendi x

SOUND BANK

Vowel sounds usual spelling

! but also

cc ea e

people mach ine kc\ niece taxi receive

fee l tee t h tea ch mea n she we

Engli sh wo men busy decide gym bui ld

th in lips h istory kiss i f since

ha nd ha t back catch ca rry match

fr ie ndly hea d swea rer a ny sai d sa\ s

spe ll lend sme ll se nd vcry red

egg

clock

sa\,.'

[!] dB"

computer

I -------------+------------~ ~

cat

''Hm-

su nny must fu nny run lucky cut

come does so meone enou gh you ng touch

eer cheers engineer ser ious ere here wc're ear near fear

[ID

plur al

fis h

A ve ry unu sual sound. Europe fur ious sure

I! but also

rour isr

tTCe

[!J

usual spell in g

bird

Many differenrs pellin gs, usua lly un stressed . ilQVous a rrive polite agree suggg.ÂŁr terrible problem er person ver b ir d irty sh irt ur nurse [Urn erJorpainter writer (u nstressed) inve nror

[!J [! I

ear n work world worse pic[U re

shou t arou nd mou th blou se ow crow ded dow n

ow l

their there wear bear where

air air port stairs fair hair arc square care ful

,--------------------~

top ro ck socks coll ege hot box fat he r

al wal k tal k aw aw ful draw augh caugh t daugh ter

yacht qua lity

open ho pe wo n't so coa t goa l

snow throw although shou lder

far arm s scar f dar k

hea rt

a* ai ay

face wa ke brai n fai l awa\ pa)

brea k stea k grea t eigh t they

0* oa

bough t though t abroad Au gust

ra\

or bor ing worn ore more score oor door fl oor

four

~----------~----------~ 00

u* ew

sc hoo l choose rude use new knc\\

boor

u 00

pu ll push foor boo k loo k roo k

i* sm ile bite sh) wh) y igh migh t sigh ts

do sui t jui ce shoe lose th rough

buy eye s heigh t

Iwould shoul d wo ma n

bull

vowe ls â&#x20AC;˘ especially before consonant + e

coi n noisy boi lin g toy enjoy

vowel s followed by /r/

diphthongs

SOUND BANK

Consonant sounds usual spelling

[!] :p w

promise possible copy fli p -flops opposite appeara nce

r ~ b -----b-e-It-bOd-)-'------~------------~

r:s

. bag

usual s pelling

bu t a lso

probab ly job cab ra bb it robbed

[!] ~

flowe r

[]J

camp ing across skin k ind chcckout pid

school stomach ch em istry acCou nt

grow goat for get beg in foggy leggings

guest spagherri

r- - - : -

f ph ff

f ind af raid sa fe eleph am neph ew off d ifferent

wa lked dressed

r--------L-----~

d id dead ha rd told add ress midd le

dog

. loved tired

d Ice c

'make

stopS fa ster miss mess age place c ircle cem City cycle (befo re e , i , y)

sc ience a nswer

psychology

la7Y free z ing reaso n lose has toc s

l.00

'l cbra

JlI sh ower

..~

r rr re

V [~1 witch

really rest pract ice try borrow ma rr ied we're here website tw ins worr ied \\ In why wh ich wh ale

I wr itten

wro ng

o ne o nce ques ti on

yet year you ng yoga before u usefu l u ni form

sugar su re sh ut shoes wash fini sh mach ine ti (+ vowel) moustache pati ent infor mati on I ci+a spec ial mu sician An u n usual sound. Asi a decisi o n confusio n usually garage

mountai n m ode rn r emem be r e m ali

I col u mn comb

summer swi mm ing

know knock n need neck lace ~ ---

none a ny fu nn y d inn er

ang ry ring a long t hing bri ng goi ng

th in k tha n k

hat hate ahead pe rhaps h ire helpful

wh o wh ose who le

singer

GIJ h

television

voiced

unvoiced

, s ss

generous teenager g iraffe age

d ge

jacket just June e njoy bridge judge

ben er sin ing

questio n

!ch

ch icken ch i Id beach catch march

(f)

Start la te

little less plan incredible wi ll si lly

righ t

[ G}l 1

neith er the clothes su nbathe th at with

' ase

~ :,

100e invent o ve r r iver t ry tell

th ing th row healt hy sout h math both

enough laugh

~r-v-------\-id-e-O---\-is-it--------~O--f--

mo th er

[!] ---------------------------~k

[IJ :g

but a lso

Online Practice

Get everyone talking. In class. Everywhere. Grammar, Vocabulary, Pronunciation in each lesson .

For Students

For Teachers

• Student Book with Online Practice

• Teacher's Book N'fU""

• Workbook with

Ill.m m

• Mult i·Pack: Student Book/Workbook Split Edition with Online Practice and IltimttQJ

CD-ROM

• Class Aud io COs • iTools PreseniatJa' SdC::""", _ ~

• Online Class Mar*""'i)L e

OXFORD

ISBN 978-0-19-477616-5

UN IVE R SI T Y P R ESS

www.oup.com

• Class DVD

• English File Pronunciation app

~~ ::

English Sounds Pronunciation Chart basec tr.'..: . . . . CiI!8

and design by Paul Seligson and CarrrlI!rl!);;z.