Supriya Kalidas Portfolio by Supriya Kalidas

{ A D E S I G N E R I S A N E X P L O R E R } EVERY STEP IS AN ADVANCE INTO NEW TERRITORY. THE WORLD HOLDS ABUNDANT POSSIBILITIES AND THE ROUTES ARE NUMEROUS. THERE IS OFTEN A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHAT WE HOPE TO FIND, OR THINK WE MIGHT FIND AND WHAT WE DISCOVER. WE STAND AT ONE UNIQUE SPOT, AT ONE MOMENT IN TIME, HOLDING A BLANK SHEET OF PAPER.

{ P O I N T S O F E X P L O R AT I O N } S U P R I YA K A L I D A S / / M FA P O R T F O L I O

{ POIN TS O E X P L

OF O R AT I O N } T H IS BOOK IS DE DICAT E D TO A PPA . YOU H EL PE D M E STA RT M Y JOU R N E Y A N D SHOW E D M E T H E WAY. I W ISH YOU W E R E H E R E TODAY.

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SU PR I YA K A L I DA S // M FA P ORT FOL IO

{ C O U R SE }

PORTFOLIO SEMINAR, FALL 2008

{ I NS T RU C TOR }

MARY SCOTT

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9 x 12 IN

{ D E SI GN & WR IT IN G }

SUPRIYA KALIDAS

{ PH OTO GR APHY }

SUPRIYA KALIDAS

{ T YPEFACE S }

UNIVERS, LAPIDARY

{ S O F T WAR E }

ADOBE CREATIVE SUITE 2

{ CA M ER A }

NIKON D80

{ S CA N N ER }

EPSON PERFECTION 2400 PHOTO

{ PR I N T ER }

EPSON STYLUS PHOTO R1800

{ T E XT S TO CK }

MOAB ENTRADA RAG BRIGHT 190 LBS

{ EN DSH EE T S TO CK }

RED RIVER 32 LB PREMIUM DOUBLE SIDED MATTE

{ C OVER }

S.H. FRANK VENICE COWHIDE DEEP MOCHA

{ BI N D I N G }

THE KEY PRINTING AND BINDING, OAKLAND CA

THIS DESIGN PORTFOLIO WAS PRODUCED TO SHOWCASE THE DESIGN WORK AND TALENTS OF SUPRIYA KALIDAS DURING HER TIME AT THE ACADEMY OF ART UNIVERSITY FROM 2005 TO 2008. REPRODUCTION OF ANY PART OF THIS DOCUMENT IS PROHIBITED WITHOUT CONSENT OF THE AUTHOR AND DESIGNER.

{ A D D R E SS }

410 PIERCE ST. APT 6, SAN FRANCISCO CA 94117

{ PH O N E }

[415] 412 9769

{ E-MA I L }

SUPRIYAKALIDAS@GMAIL.COM

INTRODUCTION

{ A D E S I G N E R I S A N E X P L O R E R } M U C H L I K E E X P LO R E R S , D E S I G N E R S S TA R T T H E I R J O U R N E Y W I T H A B L A N K , A W O R L D O F P O S S I B I L I T Y. W E C O N T E M P L AT E A W O R L D , A N D C R E AT E I T A S W E D I S C O V E R I T. T H O U G H W E M AY S O M E T I M E S U S E F A M I L I A R S E T T I N G S , W E M A K E T H O S E P L A C E S U N M I S TA K A B LY O U R O W N . D E S I G N E R S A N D E X P L O R E R S T H R I V E O N T H E A B S E N C E O F T H E FA M I L I A R . T H E V E R Y O T H E R N E S S O F T H E P L AC E M A K ES T H E J O U R N E Y VA LUA B L E A N D E XC I T ES U S TO M OV E O N F U R T H ER , TO DISCOV ER M O R E . W E F I N D R E D E M P T I O N , N O T I N T H E E N D P O I N T, B U T I N T H E M O V I N G O N , W E A R E W A N D E R E R S O N T H E R O A D O F T H E P R E S E N T.

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SU PR I YA K A L I DA S // M FA P ORT FOL IO

째 05 { I A M W H AT I E AT } PAGES FORT Y SI X T HROUGH FIF T Y T HREE

01 { PHOBI A } PAGES T EN T HROUGH NINE TEEN

02 { MENAGER IE } PAGES T W EN T Y T HROUGH T W EN T Y SE V EN

0 6 { I H AV E A DR E A M } PAGES FIF T Y FOUR T HROUGH SIX T Y T HREE

03 { DESEO } PAGES T W EN T Y EIGH T T HROUGH T HIRT Y NINE

0 4 { M U N DA N E S AV E S T H E WOR L D } PAGES FORT Y T HROUGH FORT Y FI V E

TA BLE OF CON TEN TS

{ ACK NOW LEDGEM EN TS } PAGE ONE HUNDRED A ND FIF T Y FOUR

12 { SHIF T ING HOM EL A N DS } M FA T H ESIS PAGES ONE HUNDRED A ND EIGH T T HROUGH ONE HUNDRED AND FIFT Y THREE

11 { M A K I N G F A C E S } PAGES ONE HUNDRED A ND T WO T HROUGH ONE HUNDRED AND SEVEN

09 { WOR DLESS R ECIPE } PAGES EIGH T Y SIX T HROUGH NINE T Y T HREE

10 { M A S T E R S OF WA R } PAGES NINE T Y FOUR T HROUGH ONE HUNDRED A ND ONE

08 { RUSSIAN TEA ROOM } PAGES SE V EN T Y FOUR T HROUGH EIGH T Y FI V E

07 { UNI V ER SA L DECL A R ATION OF HUM A N R IGHTS } PAGES SIX T Y FOUR T HROUGH SE V EN T Y T HREE

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SU PR I YA K A L I DA S // M FA P ORT FOL IO

MIND MAP

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SU PR I YA K A L I DA S // M FA P ORT FOL IO

N째1

L O S T A N D M E A N D E R I N G I N T H E D A R K , D E S O L AT E W I L D E R N E S S , T H E M I N D D O E S N O T F I N D A P L A C E T O R E S T. T H O U G H T S R A C E AT T H E F E A R O F T H E U N K N O W N . T H E U N E A S Y PA C I N G , T H E D A R T I N G O F F E A R F I L L E D E Y E S , P U L S I N G A D R E N A L I N , T H E N E E D T O E S C A P E . A H E A R T T H AT L E A P S W I T H F E A R AT E V E R Y S O U N D , H A N D S T H AT T R E M B L E W I T H U N T O L D T E R R O R . E A C H P U L S E O F T H U N D E R R A D I AT E S A N D M AT C H E S A Q U I C K E N I N G H E A R T R AT E . T H E L O O M I N G D A R K N E S S F I L L S E V E R Y S PA C E , D E S T R O Y I N G A L L R E S I S TA N C E T O I T S G R O W I N G P O W E R O V E R T H E M I N D .

PHOBI A // C OU R SE: T Y P O GR A PH Y 3 // I NS T RUC TOR : J E N N I F E R S T E R L I NG // DI M E NSIONS: 6.25 x 8.3 I N

{ P H O B I A : W H E N F E A R B E C O M E S A D I S O R D E R } FE AR IS ONE OF THE MOST UNIVERSAL AND P R I M A L O F E M O T I O N S I N A L L L I V I N G T H I N G S , A N D I S N ’ T N E C E S S A R I LY A B A D T H I N G . I T I S A B U I LT - I N D E F E N S E M E C H A N I S M T H AT S H I E L D S U S F R O M D A N G E R O U S S I T U AT I O N S . T H I S B O O K I S A T Y P O G R A P H I C A N D V I S U A L E X P L O R AT I O N I N T O T H E S C I E N C E A N D M E C H A N I S M O F D I F F E R E N T T Y P E S O F P H O B I A , W I T H A N A I M T O E D U C AT E A N D C R E AT E A W A R E N E S S A B O U T T H I S P R E V A L E N T D I S O R D E R . S C I E N T I F I C C H A R T S , P H O T O G R A P H S A N D T Y P O G R A P H I C E X P L O R AT I O N S M A K E U P T H E V I S U A L PA R T O F T H I S B O O K .

OR AT ON }

U R

A KA

M A

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

places or situations where they might become publicly embarrassed or unable to escape, due to the onset of

the crisis.

we cannot prevent or control, such as lightning strikes during a storm, or the attack of a dangerous animal.

In this sense, patients who have clinically- established panic disorder, develop a phobia to their own crisis,

because the feel totally helpless in controlling it. In consequence, they start avoiding going to or staying in

One possible explanation is that those fears where originally important for the sur vival of the human species

thousands of years ago and that they lie dormant inside our brains, just waiting to be awakened at any time.

Another reason for the development of phobias is that we often associate danger to things and situations that

In a classical experiment, the American psychologist Martin Seligman associated an aversive stimulation – a

small electric shock – to certain pictures. Two to four shocks were enough to establish a phobia to pictures of

spiders or snakes, while a much larger series of shocks was needed to cause phobia to pictures of flowers.

T I M E {s}

D E S M E T H Y L D I A Z E PA M

O X A Z E PA M

H3C

N N

H3C TRIAZOLE RING

L O R A Z E PA M

H N

N N

Cl Cl

NO2

TRIAZOLAM

C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S A N A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R T H AT I N V O LV E S T H E F E A R O F E N C L O S E D O R C O N F I N E D S PA C E S . C L A U S T R O P H O B E S M AY S U F F E R F R O M PA N I C AT TA C K S , O R F E A R O F H A V I N G A P A N I C AT TA C K , I N S I T U AT I O N S S U C H A S B E I N G I N E L E VAT O R S , T R A I N S , B O X E S O R A I R C R A F T. C O N V E R S E LY, P E O P L E W H O A R E P R O N E T O H AV I N G PA N I C AT TA C K S W I L L O F T E N D E V E L O P C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . I F A PA N I C AT TA C K O C C U R S W H I L E T H E Y A R E I N A C O N F I N E D S PA C E , T H E N T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B E F E A R S N O T B E I N G A B L E T O E S C A P E T H E S I T U AT I O N . T H O S E S U F F E R I N G F R O M C L A U S T R O P H O B I A M I G H T F I N D I T D I F F I C U LT T O B R E AT H E I N C L O S E D A U D I T O R I U M S , T H E AT R E S , A N D E L E VAT O R S . L I K E M A N Y O T H E R D I S O R D E R S , C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N S O M E T I M E S D E V E L O P D U E T O A T R A U M AT I C I N C I D E N T I N C H I L D H O O D . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N B E T R E AT E D I N S I M I L A R W AY S T O O T H E R A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R S , W I T H A R A N G E O F T R E AT M E N T S I N C L U D I N G C O G N I T I V E B E H A V I O R T H E R A P Y A N D T H E U S E O F A N T I - A N X I E T Y M E D I C A T I O N . H Y P N O S I S I S A N A L T E R N A T I V E T R E A T M E N T F O R C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . T H E N A M E C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C O M E S F R O M T H E L A T I N W O R D C L A U S T R U M W H I C H M E A N S “A B O L T , A P L A C E S H U T I N ” A N D T H E G R E E K W O R D P H O B O S M E A N I N G “ F E A R ”. I T W A S F O U N D T H A T 5 - 1 0 . 6 % O F P E O P L E S C R E E N E D B E F O R E A N M R I S C A N H A D C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . F U R T H E R M O R E , I T W A S F O U N D T H A T 7 % O F P A T I E N T S H A D U N I D E N T I F I E D C L A U S T R O P H O B I A , A N D H A D T O T E R M I N A T E T H E S C A N N I N G P R O C E D U R E P R E M A T U R E L Y. 3 0 % R E P O R T E D M I L D E R D I S T R E S S D U E T O T H E N E C E S S I T Y T O L I E I N A C O N F I N E D S P A C E F O R A L O N G T I M E . F O R S P E C I F I C P H O B I A S I N G E N E R A L , T H E R E I S A L I F E T I M E P R E V A L E N C E R A T E O F 7. 2 % - 11 . 3 % . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S U S U A L L Y D E S C R I B E D A S A F E A R O F E N C L O S E D P L A C E S . A M O R E A C C U R A T E D E S C R I P T I O N M I G H T B E ‘ A F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E A S Y E S C A P E R O U T E ’ B E C A U S E F O R A N Y O N E W H O E X P E R I E N C E S T H I S P H O B I A T H I S I S T H E P R E D O M I N A T I N G F E A T U R E – Y O U F E E L A N E E D T O B E A B L E T O G E T O U T O R G E T H O M E , Q U I C K L Y. L E T ’ S G E T S O M E T H I N G Q U I T E C L E A R A T T H E O U T S E T - T H I S I S N O T A N I L L N E S S A N D I T C A N B E E R A D I C A T E D . I T I S A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E T O B E I N G I N C E R T A I N S I T U A T I O N S . A R E S P O N S E T H A T I S P O W E R F U L , U N C O M F O R T A B L E , E M B A R R A S S I N G , I N C O N V E N I E N T, D E B I L I T A T I N G A T T I M E S , P E R H A P S E V E N S E R I O U S L Y D E B I L I T A T I N G - B U T S T I L L A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E . A N D J U S T A S Y O U C A N L E A R N T O H A V E A P A R T I C U L A R R E S P O N S E Y O U C A N U N - L E A R N I T . W H A T ’ S M O R E , I T ’ S L I K E L Y T H A T Y O U C A N D O T H I S F O R Y O U R S E L F W I T H O U T P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P. G O O D P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P I S L I K E L Y T O M A K E T H I N G S E A S I E R A N D A L O T Q U I C K E R B U T , F O R M O S T P E O P L E , I T I S N O T E S S E N T I A L . Y E S , T H I S I S A S W E E P I N G S T A T E M E N T - T H A T Y O U , Y O U R S E L F, C A N R E S O L V E Y O U R F E A R . B U T , A S Y O U ’ L L R E A D B E L O W , T H E ‘ M E C H A N I C S ’ O F T H E C O N D I T I O N A R E R E L AT I V E LY S T R A I G H T F O R W A R D A N D O N C E Y O U H A V E R E C O G N I S E D T H E S E I N Y O U R S E L F Y O U C A N B E G I N C H A N G I N G T H E M A N D D I S S O LV I N G T H E F E A R . T H E R E A R E M A N Y D I F F E R E N T W AY S I N W H I C H W E C A N L E A R N T O H A V E T H I S C O N C E R N - T H E F O L L O W I N G A R E A F E W E X A M P L E S : M A N Y P E O P L E D E V E L O P T H E C O N D I T I O N A S A R E S U LT O F B E I N G ‘ T R A P P E D ’ I N A N U N C O M F O R TA B L E S I T U AT I O N S U C H A S A S TA L L E D L I F T ( E L E V AT O R ) , A N U N C O M F O R TA B L E O R F R I G H T E N I N G A I R P L A N E J O U R N E Y, A N O V E R C R O W D E D R O O M , E T C . S O M E , A D D I T I O N A L LY, W E R E E X P E R I E N C I N G P A N I C AT TA C K S AT T H E T I M E W H E N T H E Y W E R E T R A P P E D – W H I C H A D D E D T O T H E I R F E A R . S O M E P E O P L E W H O G O T H R O U G H A P E R I O D O F H A V I N G P A N I C AT TA C K S B E G I N T O B E C O M E V E R Y F O C U S S E D O N T H E N E E D T O B E A B L E T O G E T H O M E Q U I C K LY S O T H E Y B E G I N AV O I D I N G A N Y S I T U AT I O N W H E R E T H E R O U T E H O M E W I L L N O T B E Q U I C K A N D E A S Y. I T ’ S A C O N S T A N T S E A R C H F O R E S C A P E R O U T E S . . . O N E N T E R I N G A R O O M , H A L L W A Y , L I F T ( E L E V A T O R ) , E T C . , Y O U F I R S T S C A N F O R T H E E S C A P E R O U T E S A N D W I L L U S U A L L Y P O S I T I O N Y O U R S E L F A S N E A R T O T H I S A S P O S S I B L E . A I R T R A V E L B E C O M E S D I F F I C U L T O R I M P O S S I B L E – Y O U D R E A D T H A T M O M E N T W H E N T H E D O O R S ‘ C L U N K ’ S H U T A N D Y O U ’ R E ‘ T R A P P E D ’ F O R T H E D U R A T I O N O F T H E J O U R N E Y. C A R J O U R N E Y S C A N B E D I F F I C U L T , P A R T I C U L A R L Y I F T H E Y R E Q U I R E Y O U T O T R A V E L O N A M O T O R W A Y O R E V E N D U A L C A R R I A G E W A Y S I N C E I T I S N O T A S E A S Y T O ‘ E S C A P E ’ F R O M T H E S E . S I M I L A R L Y Y O U M A Y S T A R T T O A V O I D T H E T R A V E L L I N G AT B U S Y T I M E S S O T H AT Y O U D O N O T G E T T R A P P E D I N A T R A F F I C J A M . H O S P I TA L C H E C K S I N V O LV I N G S C A N S W H E R E Y O U A R E S L O W LY M O V E D T H R O U G H T H E S C A N N I N G M A C H I N E M AY O N LY P O S S I B L E W I T H S E D AT I V E M E D I C AT I O N . I F Y O U L I V E O R W O R K O N A N U P P E R F L O O R Y O U G E T P L E N T Y O F E X E R C I S E B E C A U S E Y O U A R E U N A B L E T O TA K E T H E L I F T ( E L E V AT O R ) . A N D E V E N I F Y O U A R E A B L E T O T R A V E L I N L I F T S I T I S D O N E W I T H D I F F I C U LT Y A N D Y O U ’ L L L I K E LY W A I T I F T H E L I F T A P P E A R S C R O W D E D . A N D I T ’ S N O T J U S T S M A L L R O O M S - E V E N A L A R G E R O O M , I F F I L L E D W I T H P E O P L E , W I L L P O S E A T H R E AT U N L E S S Y O U C A N P O S I T I O N Y O U R S E L F N E A R A D O O R W A Y. S O M E E T I N G S A N D P A R T I E S A R E A V O I D E D . I N E X T R E M E S Y O U C A N N O T B E I N A R O O M U N L E S S T H E D O O R I S L E F T A J A R . I T I S O F T E N L I N K E D W I T H C O N D I T I O N S W H I C H H A V E A S T R O N G P H Y S I C A L E L E M E N T , S U C H A S I R R I T A B L E B O W E L S Y N D R O M E ( I B S ) , W H E R E T H E R E I S A R E A L I S T I C N E E D T O B E A B L E T O E S C A P E Q U I C K LY T O G E T T O A T O I L E T. I N S U C H C A S E S , E V E N I F T H E C O N D I T I O N S U B S I D E S , T H E F E A R O F N O T H AV I N G A N E S C A P E R O U T E M AY C O N T I N U E B E C A U S E Y O U N O W H A V E ‘ L E A R N E D ’ T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B I C R E S P O N S E . I F Y O U E X P E R I E N C E P A N I C AT TA C K S O R S O C I A L P H O B I A T H E S E W I L L U S U A L L Y H A V E A S T R O N G C L A U S T R O P H O B I A E L E M E N T S I N C E Y O U F E A R T H A T I S Y O U H A V E A ‘ F U N N Y T U R N ’ E V E R Y B O D Y W I L L N O T I C E Y O U A N D T H I S C O U L D L E A D T O Y O U L O S I N G C O N T R O L O F Y O U R S E L F. D E F I N E D A S “A P E R S I S T E N T , A B N O R M A L , A N D U N W A R R A N T E D F E A R O F C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S ”, E A C H Y E A R T H I S S U R P R I S I N G L Y C O M M O N P H O B I A C A U S E S C O U N T L E S S P E O P L E N E E D L E S S D I S T R E S S . T O A D D I N S U L T T O A N A L R E A D Y D I S T R E S S I N G C O N D I T I O N , M O S T C L A U S T R O P H O B I A T H E R A P I E S T A K E M O N T H S O R Y E A R S A N D S O M E T I M E S E V E N R E Q U I R E T H E P A T I E N T T O B E E X P O S E D R E P E A T E D LY T O T H E I R F E A R . W E B E L I E V E T H AT N O T O N LY I S T H I S T O TA L LY U N N E C E S S A R Y, I T W I L L O F T E N M A K E T H E C O N D I T I O N W O R S E . A N D I T I S P A R T I C U L A R LY C R U E L A S C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N B E E L I M I N AT E D W I T H T H E R I G H T M E T H O D S A N D J U S T 2 4 H O U R S O F C O M M I T M E N T B Y T H E P H O B I C I N D I V I D U A L . K N O W N B Y A N U M B E R O F N A M E S – C L A U S T R O P H O B I A A N D F E A R O F C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S B E I N G T H E M O S T C O M M O N - T H E P R O B L E M O F T E N S I G N I F I C A N T LY I M P A C T S T H E Q U A L I T Y O F L I F E . I T C A N C A U S E P A N I C AT TA C K S A N D K E E P P E O P L E A P A R T F R O M L O V E D O N E S A N D B U S I N E S S A S S O C I AT E S . S Y M P T O M S T Y P I C A L LY I N C L U D E S H O R T N E S S O F B R E A T H , R A P I D B R E A T H I N G , I R R E G U L A R H E A R T B E A T, S W E A T I N G , N A U S E A , A N D O V E R A L L F E E L I N G S O F D R E A D , A L T H O U G H E V E R Y O N E E X P E R I E N C E S C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I N T H E I R O W N W A Y A N D M A Y H A V E D I F F E R E N T S Y M P T O M S . O U R T R E A T M E N T I N V O L V E S N O D R U G S . T H O U G H A V A R I E T Y O F P O T E N T D R U G S A R E O F T E N P R E S C R I B E D F O R C L A U S T R O P H O B I A , S I D E E F F E C T S A N D / O R W I T H D R A W A L S Y M P T O M S C A N B E S E V E R E . M O R E O V E R , D R U G S D O N O T “ C U R E” C L A U S T R O P H O B I A O R A N Y O T H E R P H O B I A . AT B E S T T H E Y T E M P O R A R I LY S U P P R E S S T H E S Y M P T O M S T H R O U G H C H E M I C A L I N T E R A C T I O N . T H E G O O D N E W S I S T H AT T H E M O D E R N , F A S T, D R U G - F R E E P R O C E S S E S O F T H E C T R N P H O B I A C L I N I C W I L L T R A I N Y O U R M I N D T O F E E L C O M P L E T E LY D I F F E R E N T A B O U T C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S , E L I M I N AT I N G T H E F E A R S O I T N E V E R H A U N T S Y O U A G A I N . L I K E A L L F E A R S A N D P H O B I A S , C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S C R E AT E D B Y T H E U N C O N S C I O U S M I N D A S A P R O T E C T I V E M E C H A N I S M . A T S O M E P O I N T I N Y O U R P A S T , T H E R E W A S L I K E L Y A N E V E N T L I N K I N G C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S A N D E M O T I O N A L T R A U M A . W H I L S T T H E O R I G I N A L C A T A L Y S T M A Y H A V E B E E N A R E A L- L I F E S C A R E O F S O M E K I N D , T H E C O N D I T I O N C A N A L S O B E T R I G G E R E D B Y M Y R I A D , B E N I G N E V E N T S L I K E M O V I E S , T V , O R P E R H A P S S E E I N G S O M E O N E E L S E E X P E R I E N C E T R A U M A . B U T S O L O N G A S T H E N E G A T I V E A S S O C I A T I O N I S P O W E R F U L E N O U G H , T H E U N C O N S C I O U S M I N D T H I N K S : “A H H , T H I S W H O L E T H I N G I S V E R Y D A N G E R O U S . H O W D O I K E E P M Y S E L F F R O M G E T T I N G I N T H I S K I N D O F S I T U A T I O N A G A I N ? I K N O W , I ’ L L AT TA C H T E R R I B L E F E E L I N G S T O C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S , T H AT W AY I ’ L L S T E E R C L E A R I N F U T U R E A N D S O B E S A F E .” J U S T L I K E T H AT C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S B O R N . AT TA C H I N G E M O T I O N S T O S I T U AT I O N S I S O N E O F T H E P R I M A R Y W AY S T H AT H U M A N S L E A R N . S O M E T I M E S W E J U S T G E T T H E W I R I N G W R O N G . T H E A C T U A L P H O B I A M A N I F E S T S I T S E L F I N D I F F E R E N T W AY S . S O M E S U F F E R E R S E X P E R I E N C E I T A L M O S T A L L T H E T I M E , O T H E R S J U S T I N R E S P O N S E T O D I R E C T S T I M U L I . E V E R Y O N E H A S T H E I R O W N U N I Q U E F O R M U L A F O R W H E N A N D H O W T O F E E L B A D . T H E S E S Y M P T O M S A R E : B R E AT H L E S S N E S S , E X C E S S I V E S W E AT I N G , N A U S E A , D R Y M O U T H , H E A R T P A L P I T A T I O N S , I N A B I L I T Y T O S P E A K O R T H I N K C L E A R LY. O T H E R S Y M P T O M S A R E A F E A R O F D Y I N G , B E C O M I N G M A D O R L O S I N G C O N T R O L , A S E N S A T I O N O F D E T A C H M E N T F R O M R E A L I T Y O R A F U L L B L O W N A N X I E T Y A T T A C K . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S A N A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R T H A T I N V O L V E S T H E F E A R O F E N C L O S E D O R C O N F I N E D S PA C E S . C L A U S T R O P H O B E S M AY S U F F E R F R O M PA N I C AT TA C K S I N S I T U AT I O N S S U C H A S B E I N G I N E L E VAT O R S , T R A I N S O R A I R C R A F T. P E O P L E W H O A R E P R O N E T O H AV I N G PA N I C AT TA C K S W I L L O F T E N D E V E L O P C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . I F A PA N I C AT TA C K O C C U R S W H I L E T H E Y A R E I N A C O N F I N E D S P A C E T H E N T H E Y W I L L B E U N A B L E T O E S C A P E T H E S I T U A T I O N . P O P U L A R L Y , C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S C O N S I D E R E D T O B E T H E O P P O S I T E O F A G O R A P H O B I A , O R A “ F E A R O F O P E N S P A C E S ”. T H I S I S A N O V E R S I M P L I F I C A T I O N , H O W E V E R : A G O R A P H O B I A C A N A L S O B E C H A R A C T E R I Z E D A S A “ F E A R O F P U B L I C S P A C E S ”, A N D S O A C R O W D E D C I T Y S Q U A R E M I G H T T R I G G E R C L A U S T R O P H O B I C S A N D A G O R A P H O B I C S A L I K E . W H I L E A D U L T S W I T H P H O B I A R E A L I Z E T H A T T H E S E F E A R S A R E I R R A T I O N A L , T H E Y O F T E N F I N D T H A T F A C I N G , O R E V E N T H I N K I N G A B O U T F A C I N G , T H E F E A R E D S I T U A T I O N B R I N G S O N A P A N I C A T T A C K O R S E V E R E A N X I E T Y. L I K E A L L P H O B I A S , T H E C A U S E O F C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S N O T W E L L K N O W N , T H O U G H I T C A N R U N I N F A M I L I E S . T H E S I G N S O F C L A U S T R O P H O B I A U S U A L LY D E V E L O P E A R LY I N L I F E D U R I N G C H I L D H O O D O R T H E T E E N A G E Y E A R S . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N D I S A P P E A R I N A D U LT H O O D . I F I T D O E S N O T, T R E AT M E N T I S U S U A L LY N E C E S S A R Y T O O V E R C O M E T H E F E A R , P A R T I C U L A R LY I F S Y M P T O M S H A V E S E V E R E LY L I M I T E D W O R K O R S O C I A L A C T I V I T I E S O R TA S K S O F D A I LY L I V I N G . A I R T R A V E L B E C O M E S D I F F I C U LT O R I M P O S S I B L E - Y O U D R E A D T H AT M O M E N T W H E N T H E D O O R S ‘ C L U N K ’ S H U T A N D Y O U ’ R E ‘ T R A P P E D ’ F O R T H E D U R AT I O N O F T H E J O U R N E Y. C A R J O U R N E Y S C A N B E D I F F I C U L T , P A R T I C U L A R L Y I F T H E Y R E Q U I R E Y O U T O T R A V E L O N A M O T O R W A Y O R E V E N D U A L C A R R I A G E W A Y S I N C E I T I S N O T A S E A S Y T O ‘ E S C A P E ’ F R O M T H E S E . S I M I L A R L Y Y O U M A Y S T A R T T O A V O I D T H E T R A V E L L I N G A T B U S Y T I M E S S O T H A T Y O U D O N O T G E T T R A P P E D I N A T R A F F I C J A M . H O S P I TA L C H E C K S I N V O LV I N G S C A N S W H E R E Y O U A R E S L O W LY M O V E D T H R O U G H T H E S C A N N I N G M A C H I N E M AY O N LY P O S S I B L E W I T H S E D AT I V E M E D I C AT I O N . I F Y O U L I V E O R W O R K O N A N U P P E R F L O O R Y O U G E T P L E N T Y O F E X E R C I S E B E C A U S E Y O U A R E U N A B L E T O TA K E T H E L I F T ( E L E V AT O R ) . A N D E V E N I F Y O U A R E A B L E T O T R A V E L I N L I F T S I T I S D O N E W I T H D I F F I C U L T Y A N D Y O U ’ L L L I K E L Y W A I T I F T H E L I F T A P P E A R S C R O W D E D . A N D I T ’ S N O T J U S T S M A L L R O O M S - E V E N A L A R G E R O O M , I F F I L L E D W I T H P E O P L E , W I L L P O S E A T H R E A T U N L E S S Y O U C A N P O S I T I O N Y O U R S E L F N E A R A D O O R W A Y. S O M E E T I N G S A N D P A R T I E S A R E A V O I D E D . I N E X T R E M E S Y O U C A N N O T B E I N A R O O M U N L E S S T H E D O O R I S L E F T A J A R . I T I S O F T E N L I N K E D W I T H C O N D I T I O N S W H I C H H A V E A S T R O N G P H Y S I C A L E L E M E N T, S U C H A S I R R I TA B L E B O W E L S Y N D R O M E ( I B S ) , W H E R E T H E R E I S A R E A L I S T I C N E E D T O B E A B L E T O E S C A P E Q U I C K LY T O G E T T O A T O I L E T. I N S U C H C A S E S , E V E N I F T H E C O N D I T I O N S U B S I D E S , T H E F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E S C A P E R O U T E M AY C O N T I N U E B E C A U S E Y O U N O W H A V E ‘ L E A R N E D ’ T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B I C R E S P O N S E . I F Y O U E X P E R I E N C E P A N I C AT TA C K S O R S O C I A L P H O B I A T H E S E W I L L U S U A L LY H A V E A S T R O N G C L A U S T R O P H O B I A E L E M E N T S I N C E Y O U F E A R T H A T I S Y O U H A V E A ‘ F U N N Y T U R N ’ E V E R Y B O D Y W I L L N O T I C E Y O U A N D T H I S C O U L D L E A D T O Y O U L O S I N G C O N T R O L O F Y O U R S E L F. D E F I N E D A S “A P E R S I S T E N T , A B N O R M A L , A N D U N W A R R A N T E D F E A R O F C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S ”, E A C H Y E A R T H I S S U R P R I S I N G L Y C O M M O N P H O B I A C A U S E S C O U N T L E S S P E O P L E N E E D L E S S D I S T R E S S . T O A D D I N S U LT T O A N A L R E A D Y D I S T R E S S I N G C O N D I T I O N , M O S T C L A U S T R O P H O B I A T H E R A P I E S TA K E M O N T H S O R Y E A R S A N D S O M E T I M E S E V E N R E Q U I R E T H E P AT I E N T T O B E E X P O S E D R E P E AT E D LY T O T H E I R F E A R . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S U S U A L LY D E S C R I B E D A S A F E A R O F E N C L O S E D P L A C E S . A M O R E A C C U R A T E D E S C R I P T I O N M I G H T B E ‘ A F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E A S Y E S C A P E R O U T E ’ B E C A U S E F O R A N Y O N E W H O E X P E R I E N C E S T H I S P H O B I A T H I S I S T H E P R E D O M I N A T I N G F E A T U R E - Y O U F E E L A N E E D T O B E A B L E T O G E T O U T O R G E T H O M E , Q U I C K L Y. L E T ’ S G E T S O M E T H I N G Q U I T E C L E A R A T T H E O U T S E T — T H I S I S N O T A N I L L N E S S A N D I T C A N B E E R A D I C AT E D . I T I S A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E T O B E I N G I N C E R TA I N S I T U AT I O N S . A R E S P O N S E T H AT I S P O W E R F U L , U N C O M F O R TA B L E , E M B A R R A S S I N G , I N C O N V E N I E N T, D E B I L I TAT I N G AT T I M E S , P E R H A P S E V E N S E R I O U S LY D E B I L I TAT I N G — B U T S T I L L A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E . A N D J U S T A S Y O U C A N L E A R N T O H A V E A P A R T I C U L A R R E S P O N S E Y O U C A N U N - L E A R N I T . W H A T ’ S M O R E , I T ’ S L I K E L Y T H A T Y O U C A N D O T H I S F O R Y O U R S E L F W I T H O U T P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P. T H O U G H A V A R I E T Y O F V E R Y P O T E N T D R U G S A R E O F T E N P R E S C R I B E D F O R C L A U S T R O P H O B I A , S I D E E F F E C T S A N D / O R W I T H D R A W A L S Y M P T O M S C A N B E S E V E R E . A M O R E A C C U R A T E D E S C R I P T I O N M I G H T B E ‘ A F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E A S Y E S C A P E R O U T E ’ B E C A U S E F O R A N Y O N E W H O E X P E R I E N C E S T H I S P H O B I A T H I S I S T H E P R E D O M I N A T I N G F E A T U R E - Y O U F E E L A N E E D T O B E A B L E T O G E T O U T O R G E T H O M E , Q U I C K L Y. C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S A N A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R T H AT I N V O LV E S T H E F E A R O F E N C L O S E D O R C O N F I N E D S P A C E S . C L A U S T R O P H O B E S M AY S U F F E R F R O M P A N I C AT TA C K S , O R F E A R O F H AV I N G A PA N I C AT TA C K , I N S I T U AT I O N S S U C H A S B E I N G I N E L E V AT O R S , T R A I N S , B O X E S O R A I R C R A F T. C O N V E R S E LY, P E O P L E W H O A R E P R O N E T O H A V I N G P A N I C AT TA C K S W I L L O F T E N D E V E L O P C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . I F A P A N I C AT TA C K O C C U R S W H I L E T H E Y A R E I N A C O N F I N E D S P A C E , T H E N T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B E F E A R S N O T B E I N G A B L E T O E S C A P E T H E S I T U AT I O N . T H O S E S U F F E R I N G F R O M C L A U S T R O P H O B I A M I G H T F I N D I T D I F F I C U LT T O B R E AT H E I N C L O S E D A U D I T O R I U M S , T H E AT R E S , A N D E L E V AT O R S . L I K E M A N Y O T H E R D I S O R D E R S , C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N S O M E T I M E S D E V E L O P D U E T O A T R A U M AT I C I N C I D E N T I N C H I L D H O O D . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N B E T R E AT E D I N S I M I L A R W AY S T O O T H E R A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R S , W I T H A R A N G E O F T R E AT M E N T S I N C L U D I N G C O G N I T I V E B E H AV I O R T H E R A P Y A N D T H E U S E O F A N T I A N X I E T Y M E D I C A T I O N . H Y P N O S I S I S A N A L T E R N A T I V E T R E A T M E N T F O R C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . T H E N A M E C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C O M E S F R O M T H E L A T I N W O R D C L A U S T R U M W H I C H M E A N S “A B O L T , A P L A C E S H U T I N ” A N D T H E G R E E K W O R D P H O B O S M E A N I N G “ F E A R ”. I T W A S F O U N D T H A T 5 - 1 0 . 6 % O F P E O P L E S C R E E N E D B E F O R E A N M R I S C A N H A D C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . F U R T H E R M O R E , I T W A S F O U N D T H A T 7 % O F P A T I E N T S H A D U N I D E N T I F I E D C L A U S T R O P H O B I A , A N D H A D T O T E R M I N A T E T H E S C A N N I N G P R O C E D U R E P R E M A T U R E L Y. 3 0 % R E P O R T E D M I L D E R D I S T R E S S D U E T O T H E N E C E S S I T Y T O L I E I N A C O N F I N E D S P A C E F O R A L O N G T I M E . F O R S P E C I F I C P H O B I A S I N G E N E R A L , T H E R E I S A L I F E T I M E P R E V A L E N C E R A T E O F 7. 2 % - 11 . 3 % . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S U S U A L L Y D E S C R I B E D A S A F E A R O F E N C L O S E D P L A C E S . L E T ’ S G E T S O M E T H I N G Q U I T E C L E A R A T T H E O U T S E T – T H I S I S N O T A N I L L N E S S A N D I T C A N B E E R A D I C A T E D . I T I S A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E T O B E I N G I N C E R TA I N S I T U AT I O N S . A R E S P O N S E T H AT I S P O W E R F U L , U N C O M F O R TA B L E , E M B A R R A S S I N G , I N C O N V E N I E N T, D E B I L I TAT I N G AT T I M E S , P E R H A P S E V E N S E R I O U S LY D E B I L I TAT I N G - B U T S T I L L A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E . A N D J U S T A S Y O U C A N L E A R N T O H A V E A P A R T I C U L A R R E S P O N S E Y O U C A N U N - L E A R N I T. W H AT ’ S M O R E , I T ’ S L I K E L Y T H A T Y O U C A N D O T H I S F O R Y O U R S E L F W I T H O U T P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P. G O O D P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P I S L I K E L Y T O M A K E T H I N G S E A S I E R A N D A L O T Q U I C K E R B U T , F O R M O S T P E O P L E , I T I S N O T E S S E N T I A L . Y E S , T H I S I S A S W E E P I N G S T A T E M E N T – T H A T Y O U , Y O U R S E L F, C A N R E S O L V E Y O U R F E A R . B U T , A S Y O U ’ L L R E A D B E L O W , T H E ‘ M E C H A N I C S ’ O F T H E C O N D I T I O N A R E R E L AT I V E LY S T R A I G H T F O R W A R D A N D O N C E Y O U H A V E R E C O G N I S E D T H E S E I N Y O U R S E L F Y O U C A N B E G I N C H A N G I N G T H E M A N D D I S S O LV I N G T H E F E A R . T H E R E A R E M A N Y D I F F E R E N T W AY S I N W H I C H W E C A N L E A R N T O H A V E T H I S C O N C E R N - T H E F O L L O W I N G A R E A F E W E X A M P L E S : M A N Y P E O P L E D E V E L O P T H E C O N D I T I O N A S A R E S U LT O F B E I N G ‘ T R A P P E D ’ I N A N U N C O M F O R TA B L E S I T U AT I O N S U C H A S A S TA L L E D L I F T ( E L E V AT O R ) , A N U N C O M F O R TA B L E O R F R I G H T E N I N G A I R P L A N E J O U R N E Y, A N O V E R C R O W D E D R O O M , E T C . S O M E , A D D I T I O N A L LY, W E R E E X P E R I E N C I N G PA N I C AT TA C K S AT T H E T I M E W H E N T H E Y W E R E T R A P P E D – W H I C H A D D E D T O T H E I R F E A R . S O M E P E O P L E W H O G O T H R O U G H A P E R I O D O F H A V I N G P A N I C AT TA C K S B E G I N T O B E C O M E V E R Y F O C U S S E D O N T H E N E E D T O B E A B L E T O G E T H O M E Q U I C K LY S O T H E Y B E G I N A V O I D I N G A N Y S I T U AT I O N W H E R E T H E R O U T E H O M E W I L L N O T B E Q U I C K A N D E A S Y. I T ’ S A C O N S T A N T S E A R C H F O R E S C A P E R O U T E S . . . O N E N T E R I N G A R O O M , H A L L W A Y , L I F T ( E L E V A T O R ) , E T C . Y O U F I R S T S C A N F O R T H E E S C A P E R O U T E S A N D W I L L U S U A L L Y P O S I T I O N Y O U R S E L F A S N E A R T O T H I S A S P O S S I B L E . A I R T R A V E L B E C O M E S D I F F I C U L T O R I M P O S S I B L E – Y O U D R E A D T H A T M O M E N T W H E N T H E D O O R S ‘ C L U N K ’ S H U T A N D Y O U ’ R E ‘ T R A P P E D ’ F O R T H E D U R A T I O N O F T H E J O U R N E Y. C A R J O U R N E Y S C A N B E D I F F I C U L T, P A R T I C U L A R L Y I F T H E Y R E Q U I R E Y O U T O T R A V E L O N A M O T O R W A Y O R E V E N D U A L C A R R I A G E W A Y S I N C E I T I S N O T A S E A S Y T O ‘ E S C A P E ’ F R O M T H E S E . S I M I L A R L Y Y O U M A Y S T A R T T O A V O I D T H E T R A V E L L I N G AT B U S Y T I M E S S O T H AT Y O U D O N O T G E T T R A P P E D I N A T R A F F I C J A M . H O S P I TA L C H E C K S I N V O LV I N G S C A N S W H E R E Y O U A R E S L O W LY M O V E D T H R O U G H T H E S C A N N I N G M A C H I N E M AY O N LY B E P O S S I B L E W I T H S E D AT I V E M E D I C AT I O N . I F Y O U L I V E O R W O R K O N A N U P P E R F L O O R Y O U G E T P L E N T Y O F E X E R C I S E B E C A U S E Y O U A R E U N A B L E T O TA K E T H E L I F T ( E L E V AT O R ) . A N D E V E N I F Y O U A R E A B L E T O T R A V E L I N L I F T S I T I S D O N E W I T H D I F F I C U LT Y A N D Y O U ’ L L L I K E LY W A I T I F T H E L I F T A P P E A R S C R O W D E D . A N D I T ’ S N O T J U S T S M A L L R O O M S - E V E N A L A R G E R O O M , I F F I L L E D W I T H P E O P L E , W I L L P O S E A T H R E A T U N L E S S Y O U C A N P O S I T I O N Y O U R S E L F N E A R A D O O R W A Y. S O M E E T I N G S A N D P A R T I E S A R E A V O I D E D . I N E X T R E M E S Y O U C A N N O T B E I N A R O O M U N L E S S T H E D O O R I S L E F T A J A R . I T I S O F T E N L I N K E D W I T H C O N D I T I O N S W H I C H H A V E A S T R O N G P H Y S I C A L E L E M E N T , S U C H A S I R R I T A B L E B O W E L S Y N D R O M E ( I B S ) , W H E R E T H E R E I S A R E A L I S T I C N E E D T O B E A B L E T O E S C A P E Q U I C K LY T O G E T T O A T O I L E T. I N S U C H C A S E S , E V E N I F T H E C O N D I T I O N S U B S I D E S , T H E F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E S C A P E R O U T E M AY C O N T I N U E B E C A U S E Y O U N O W H A V E ‘ L E A R N E D ’ T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B I C R E S P O N S E . I F Y O U E X P E R I E N C E P A N I C AT TA C K S O R S O C I A L P H O B I A T H E S E W I L L U S U A L L Y H A V E A S T R O N G C L A U S T R O P H O B I A E L E M E N T S I N C E Y O U F E A R T H A T I S Y O U H A V E A ‘ F U N N Y T U R N ’ E V E R Y B O D Y W I L L N O T I C E Y O U A N D T H I S C O U L D L E A D T O Y O U L O S I N G C O N T R O L O F Y O U R S E L F. D E F I N E D A S “A P E R S I S T E N T , A B N O R M A L , A N D U N W A R R A N T E D F E A R O F C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S ”, E A C H Y E A R T H I S S U R P R I S I N G L Y C O M M O N P H O B I A C A U S E S C O U N T L E S S P E O P L E N E E D L E S S D I S T R E S S . T O A D D I N S U L T T O A N A L R E A D Y D I S T R E S S I N G C O N D I T I O N , M O S T C L A U S T R O P H O B I A T H E R A P I E S T A K E M O N T H S O R Y E A R S A N D S O M E T I M E S E V E N R E Q U I R E T H E P A T I E N T T O B E E X P O S E D R E P E A T E D L Y T O T H E I R F E A R . W E B E L I E V E T H AT N O T O N LY I S T H I S T O TA L LY U N N E C E S S A R Y, I T W I L L O F T E N M A K E T H E C O N D I T I O N W O R S E . A N D I T I S P A R T I C U L A R LY C R U E L A S C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N B E E L I M I N AT E D W I T H T H E R I G H T M E T H O D S A N D J U S T 2 4 H O U R S O F C O M M I T M E N T B Y T H E P H O B I C I N D I V I D U A L . K N O W N B Y A N U M B E R O F N A M E S - C L A U S T R O P H O B I A A N D F E A R O F C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S B E I N G T H E M O S T C O M M O N - T H E P R O B L E M O F T E N S I G N I F I C A N T LY I M P A C T S T H E Q U A L I T Y O F L I F E . I T C A N C A U S E P A N I C AT TA C K S A N D K E E P P E O P L E A P A R T F R O M L O V E D O N E S A N D B U S I N E S S A S S O C I AT E S . S Y M P T O M S T Y P I C A L LY I N C L U D E S H O R T N E S S O F B R E AT H , R A P I D B R E AT H I N G , I R R E G U L A R H E A R T B E AT, S W E AT I N G , N A U S E A , A N D O V E R A L L F E E L I N G S O F D R E A D , A LT H O U G H E V E R Y O N E E X P E R I E N C E S C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I N T H E I R O W N W AY A N D M AY H AV E D I F F E R E N T S Y M P T O M S . O U R T R E AT M E N T I N V O LV E S N O D R U G S . T H O U G H A VA R I E T Y O F P O T E N T D R U G S A R E O F T E N P R E S C R I B E D F O R C L A U S T R O P H O B I A , S I D E E F F E C T S A N D / O R W I T H D R A W A L S Y M P T O M S C A N B E S E V E R E . M O R E O V E R , D R U G S D O N O T “ C U R E ” C L A U S T R O P H O B I A O R A N Y O T H E R P H O B I A . A T B E S T T H E Y T E M P O R A R I LY S U P P R E S S T H E S Y M P T O M S T H R O U G H C H E M I C A L I N T E R A C T I O N . T H E G O O D N E W S I S T H AT T H E M O D E R N , F A S T, D R U G - F R E E P R O C E S S E S O F T H E C T R N P H O B I A C L I N I C W I L L T R A I N Y O U R M I N D T O F E E L C O M P L E T E LY D I F F E R E N T A B O U T C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S , E L I M I N AT I N G T H E F E A R S O I T N E V E R H A U N T S Y O U A G A I N . L I K E A L L F E A R S A N D P H O B I A S , C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S C R E AT E D B Y T H E U N C O N S C I O U S M I N D A S A P R O T E C T I V E M E C H A N I S M . A T S O M E P O I N T I N Y O U R P A S T , T H E R E W A S L I K E L Y A N E V E N T L I N K I N G C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S A N D E M O T I O N A L T R A U M A . W H I L S T T H E O R I G I N A L C A T A L Y S T M A Y H A V E B E E N A R E A L- L I F E S C A R E O F S O M E K I N D , T H E C O N D I T I O N C A N A L S O B E T R I G G E R E D B Y M Y R I A D , B E N I G N E V E N T S L I K E M O V I E S , T V , O R P E R H A P S S E E I N G S O M E O N E E L S E E X P E R I E N C E T R A U M A . B U T S O L O N G A S T H E N E G A T I V E A S S O C I A T I O N I S P O W E R F U L E N O U G H , T H E U N C O N S C I O U S M I N D T H I N K S : “A H H , T H I S W H O L E T H I N G I S V E R Y D A N G E R O U S . H O W D O I K E E P M Y S E L F F R O M G E T T I N G I N T H I S K I N D O F S I T U A T I O N A G A I N ? I K N O W , I ’ L L AT TA C H T E R R I B L E F E E L I N G S T O C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S , T H AT W AY I ’ L L S T E E R C L E A R I N F U T U R E A N D S O B E S A F E .” J U S T L I K E T H AT C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S B O R N . AT TA C H I N G E M O T I O N S T O S I T U AT I O N S I S O N E O F T H E P R I M A R Y W AY S T H AT H U M A N S L E A R N . S O M E T I M E S W E J U S T G E T T H E W I R I N G W R O N G . T H E A C T U A L P H O B I A M A N I F E S T S I T S E L F I N D I F F E R E N T W AY S . S O M E S U F F E R E R S E X P E R I E N C E I T A L M O S T A L L T H E T I M E , O T H E R S J U S T I N R E S P O N S E T O D I R E C T S T I M U L I . E V E R Y O N E H A S T H E I R O W N U N I Q U E F O R M U L A F O R W H E N A N D H O W T O F E E L B A D . T H E S E S Y M P T O M S A R E : B R E AT H L E S S N E S S , E X C E S S I V E S W E AT I N G , N A U S E A , D R Y M O U T H , H E A R T P A L P I T A T I O N S , I N A B I L I T Y T O S P E A K O R T H I N K C L E A R L Y. O T H E R S Y M P T O M S A R E A F E A R O F D Y I N G , B E C O M I N G M A D O R L O S I N G C O N T R O L , A S E N S A T I O N O F D E T A C H M E N T F R O M R E A L I T Y O R A F U L L B L O W N A N X I E T Y A T T A C K . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S A N A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R T H A T I N V O L V E S T H E F E A R O F E N C L O S E D O R C O N F I N E D S PA C E S . C L A U S T R O P H O B E S M AY S U F F E R F R O M PA N I C AT TA C K S I N S I T U AT I O N S S U C H A S B E I N G I N E L E VAT O R S , T R A I N S O R A I R C R A F T. P E O P L E W H O A R E P R O N E T O H AV I N G PA N I C AT TA C K S W I L L O F T E N D E V E L O P C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . I F A PA N I C AT TA C K O C C U R S W H I L E T H E Y A R E I N A C O N F I N E D S P A C E T H E N T H E Y W I L L B E U N A B L E T O E S C A P E T H E S I T U A T I O N . P O P U L A R L Y , C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S C O N S I D E R E D T O B E T H E O P P O S I T E O F A G O R A P H O B I A , O R A “ F E A R O F O P E N S P A C E S ”. T H I S I S A N O V E R S I M P L I F I C A T I O N , H O W E V E R : A G O R A P H O B I A C A N A L S O B E C H A R A C T E R I Z E D A S A “ F E A R O F P U B L I C S P A C E S ”, A N D S O A C R O W D E D C I T Y S Q U A R E M I G H T T R I G G E R C L A U S T R O P H O B I C S A N D A G O R A P H O B I C S A L I K E . W H I L E A D U L T S W I T H P H O B I A R E A L I Z E T H A T T H E S E F E A R S A R E I R R A T I O N A L , T H E Y O F T E N F I N D T H A T F A C I N G , O R E V E N T H I N K I N G A B O U T F A C I N G , T H E F E A R E D S I T U A T I O N B R I N G S O N A P A N I C A T T A C K O R S E V E R E A N X I E T Y. L I K E A L L P H O B I A S , T H E C A U S E O F C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S N O T W E L L K N O W N , T H O U G H I T C A N R U N I N F A M I L I E S . T H E S I G N S O F C L A U S T R O P H O B I A U S U A L L Y D E V E L O P E A R L Y I N L I F E D U R I N G C H I L D H O O D O R T H E T E E N A G E Y E A R S . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A C A N D I S A P P E A R I N A D U L T H O O D . I F I T D O E S N O T , T R E A T M E N T I S U S U A L LY N E C E S S A R Y T O O V E R C O M E T H E F E A R , P A R T I C U L A R LY I F S Y M P T O M S H A V E S E V E R E LY L I M I T E D W O R K O R S O C I A L A C T I V I T I E S O R TA S K S O F D A I LY L I V I N G . A I R T R A V E L B E C O M E S D I F F I C U LT O R I M P O S S I B L E - Y O U D R E A D T H AT M O M E N T W H E N T H E D O O R S ‘ C L U N K ’ S H U T A N D Y O U ’ R E ‘ T R A P P E D ’ F O R T H E D U R AT I O N O F T H E J O U R N E Y. C A R J O U R N E Y S C A N B E D I F F I C U L T , P A R T I C U L A R L Y I F T H E Y R E Q U I R E Y O U T O T R A V E L O N A M O T O R W A Y O R E V E N D U A L C A R R I A G E W A Y S I N C E I T I S N O T A S E A S Y T O ‘ E S C A P E ’ F R O M T H E S E . S I M I L A R L Y Y O U M A Y S T A R T T O A V O I D T H E T R A V E L L I N G A T B U S Y T I M E S S O T H A T Y O U D O N O T G E T T R A P P E D I N A T R A F F I C J A M . H O S P I TA L C H E C K S I N V O LV I N G S C A N S W H E R E Y O U A R E S L O W LY M O V E D T H R O U G H T H E S C A N N I N G M A C H I N E M AY O N LY P O S S I B L E W I T H S E D AT I V E M E D I C AT I O N . I F Y O U L I V E O R W O R K O N A N U P P E R F L O O R Y O U G E T P L E N T Y O F E X E R C I S E B E C A U S E Y O U A R E U N A B L E T O TA K E T H E L I F T ( E L E V AT O R ) . A N D E V E N I F Y O U A R E A B L E T O T R A V E L I N L I F T S I T I S D O N E W I T H D I F F I C U L T Y A N D Y O U ’ L L L I K E L Y W A I T I F T H E L I F T A P P E A R S C R O W D E D . A N D I T ’ S N O T J U S T S M A L L R O O M S - E V E N A L A R G E R O O M , I F F I L L E D W I T H P E O P L E , W I L L P O S E A T H R E A T U N L E S S Y O U C A N P O S I T I O N Y O U R S E L F N E A R A D O O R W A Y. S O M E E T I N G S A N D P A R T I E S A R E A V O I D E D . I N E X T R E M E S Y O U C A N N O T B E I N A R O O M U N L E S S T H E D O O R I S L E F T A J A R . I T I S O F T E N L I N K E D W I T H C O N D I T I O N S W H I C H H A V E A S T R O N G P H Y S I C A L E L E M E N T, S U C H A S I R R I TA B L E B O W E L S Y N D R O M E ( I B S ) , W H E R E T H E R E I S A R E A L I S T I C N E E D T O B E A B L E T O E S C A P E Q U I C K LY T O G E T T O A T O I L E T. I N S U C H C A S E S , E V E N I F T H E C O N D I T I O N S U B S I D E S , T H E F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E S C A P E R O U T E M AY C O N T I N U E B E C A U S E Y O U N O W H A V E ‘ L E A R N E D ’ T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B I C R E S P O N S E . I F Y O U E X P E R I E N C E P A N I C AT TA C K S O R S O C I A L P H O B I A T H E S E W I L L U S U A L LY H A V E A S T R O N G C L A U S T R O P H O B I A E L E M E N T S I N C E Y O U F E A R T H A T I S Y O U H A V E A ‘ F U N N Y T U R N ’ E V E R Y B O D Y W I L L N O T I C E Y O U A N D T H I S C O U L D L E A D T O Y O U L O S I N G C O N T R O L O F Y O U R S E L F. D E F I N E D A S “A P E R S I S T E N T , A B N O R M A L , A N D U N W A R R A N T E D F E A R O F C O N F I N E D O R S M A L L S P A C E S ”, E A C H Y E A R T H I S S U R P R I S I N G L Y C O M M O N P H O B I A C A U S E S C O U N T L E S S P E O P L E N E E D L E S S D I S T R E S S . T O A D D I N S U LT T O A N A L R E A D Y D I S T R E S S I N G C O N D I T I O N , M O S T C L A U S T R O P H O B I A T H E R A P I E S TA K E M O N T H S O R Y E A R S A N D S O M E T I M E S E V E N R E Q U I R E T H E P AT I E N T T O B E E X P O S E D R E P E AT E D LY T O T H E I R F E A R . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S U S U A L LY D E S C R I B E D A S A F E A R O F E N C L O S E D P L A C E S . A M O R E A C C U R A T E D E S C R I P T I O N M I G H T B E ‘ A F E A R O F N O T H A V I N G A N E A S Y E S C A P E R O U T E ’ B E C A U S E F O R A N Y O N E W H O E X P E R I E N C E S T H I S P H O B I A T H I S I S T H E P R E D O M I N A T I N G F E A T U R E - Y O U F E E L A N E E D T O B E A B L E T O G E T O U T O R G E T H O M E , Q U I C K L Y. L E T ’ S G E T S O M E T H I N G Q U I T E C L E A R A T T H E O U T S E T T H I S I S N O T A N I L L N E S S A N D I T C A N B E E R A D I C A T E D . I T I S A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E T O B E I N G I N C E R T A I N S I T U A T I O N S . A R E S P O N S E T H A T I S P O W E R F U L , U N C O M F O R T A B L E , E M B A R R A S S I N G , I N C O N V E N I E N T, D E B I L I T A T I N G A T T I M E S , P E R H A P S E V E N S E R I O U S L Y D E B I L I T A T I N G - B U T S T I L L A L E A R N E D R E S P O N S E . A N D J U S T A S Y O U C A N L E A R N T O H A V E A P A R T I C U L A R R E S P O N S E Y O U C A N U N - L E A R N I T . W H A T ’ S M O R E , I T ’ S L I K E L Y T H A T Y O U C A N D O T H I S F O R Y O U R S E L F W I T H O U T P R O F E S S I O N A L H E L P. T H O U G H A V A R I E T Y O F V E R Y P O T E N T D R U G S A R E O F T E N P R E S C R I B E D F O R C L A U S T R O P H O B I A , S I D E E F F E C T S A N D / O R W I T H D R A W A L S Y M P T O M S C A N B E S E V E R E . C L A U S T R O P H O B I A I S A N A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R T H AT I N V O LV E S T H E F E A R O F E N C L O S E D O R C O N F I N E D S P A C E S . C L A U S T R O P H O B E S M AY S U F F E R F R O M P A N I C AT TA C K S , O R F E A R O F H A V I N G A P A N I C AT TA C K , I N S I T U AT I O N S S U C H A S B E I N G I N E L E V AT O R S , T R A I N S , B O X E S O R A I R C R A F T. C O N V E R S E LY, P E O P L E W H O A R E P R O N E T O H AV I N G PA N I C AT TA C K S W I L L O F T E N D E V E L O P C L A U S T R O P H O B I A . I F A PA N I C AT TA C K O C C U R S W H I L E T H E Y A R E I N A C O N F I N E D S PA C E , T H E N T H E C L A U S T R O P H O B E F E A R S N O T B E I N G A B L E T O E S C A P E T H E S I T U AT I O N . T H O S E S U F F E R I N G F R O M C L A U S T R O P H O B I A M I G H T F I N D I T D I F F I C U LT T O B R E AT H E I

ALPRAZOLAM

D E S M E T H Y L D I A Z E PA M

benzodiazepine receptor producing anxiolytic and sedating properties. However, with regular or chronic use

Cl Cl

the risk of physical dependence increases with demonstratable withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation

or dosage reduction. Benzodiazepines also have abuse potential.

H N

N N

most prolific inhibitor y receptor within the brain. Clinically- used benzodiazepines are full agonists at the

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

AIBOHPOMYC CYMOPHOBIA , t n e t sis r e p a “ as d e n i f e D S I I S D e f i n e d as “a p e r sis t e n t, r a e f d e t n a r r a w n u d n a , l ma r o n ab ab n o r ma l , a n d u n w a r r a n t e d f e a r wMfEoS AoDfI Sw P H O B I A W H E N FrEoA Rs eBv Ea CO Oa Rv De Es R or y l g n isi r p r u s his t r a e y ach e , ” n io t mo e k i l - e v a w w a v e - l i k e mo t io n ”, e ach y e a r t his s u r p r isi n g ly . ss e r t dis ss e l d e e n e l op e p ss e l t n u co s e s u ca phobia n commo commo n phobia ca u s e s co u n t l e ss p e op l e n e e d l e ss dis t r e ss . ady e r l a n a o t t l u s n i add To To add i n s u l t t o a n a l r e ady , n io t di n co g n ssi e r t dis dis t r e ssi n g co n di t io n , d n a s r a e y r o hs t n mo e k a t s e api r e h t cymophobia t mos mos t cymophobia t h e r api e s t a k e mo n t hs o r y e a r s a n d e h t e r i u q e r n e v e s e im t e som som e t im e s e v e n r e q u i r e t h e e b o t t n e i t pa pa t i e n t t o b e t ha t e v e i l e b e W . r a e f r i e h t o t y l d e t a e p e r d e pos x e e x pos e d r e p e a t e d ly t o t h e i r f e a r . W e b e l i e v e t ha t , y r ssa e c e n n u y l l a t o t his t is y l n o t o n n o t o n ly is t his t o t a l ly u n n e c e ssa r y, e h t e k ma n e t f o l l i w t i i t w i l l o f t e n ma k e t h e n io t di n co co n di t io n is t i d n A . e s r o w w o r s e . A n d i t is as l e u r c y l r a l u ic t r pa pa r t ic u l a r ly c r u e l as d e t a n imi l e e b n ca cymophobia cymophobia ca n b e e l imi n a t e d s r u ho 4 2 t s u j d n a hods t e m t h g i r e h t h t i w w i t h t h e r i g h t m e t hods a n d j u s t 2 4 ho u r s phobic e h t by t n e m t commi f o o f commi t m e n t by t h e phobic . l a u id v di n i i n di v id u a l . , Kymphobia , ymophobia C - s e am n f o r e mb u n a by n w o n K K n o w n by a n u mb e r o f n am e s - C ymophobia , Kymphobia , t mos e h t g n i e b n io t o M e k i l - e v Wa f o r a e F d n a , s e v Wa f o r a e F F e a r o f Wa v e s , a n d F e a r o f Wa v e - l i k e M o t io n b e i n g t h e mos t n e t f o m e l ob r p e h t . n commo commo n . t h e p r ob l e m o f t e n . e f i l f o y t i l a u q e h t s t impac y l t n ica f i n g si si g n i f ica n t ly impac t s t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e . om r f t r apa e l op e p p e e k d n a s k ac t t a ic n pa e s u ca n ca t I I t ca n ca u s e pa n ic a t t ac k s a n d k e e p p e op l e apa r t f r om ss e n si u b d n a s e n o d e v o l l o v e d o n e s a n d b u si n e ss . s e t associa associa t e s . y l l ypica t oms t ymp S S ymp t oms t ypica l ly , g n hi t a e r b apid r , h t a e r b f o ss e n t r sho e d u l c n i i n c l u d e sho r t n e ss o f b r e a t h , r apid b r e a t hi n g , l l a r e v o d n a , a e s u a n , g n i t a e w s , t a e b t r a e h r a l u g e r r i i r r e g u l a r h e a r t b e a t, s w e a t i n g , n a u s e a , a n d o v e r a l l e n yo r e v e h g u ho t l a , ad e r d f o s g n i l e e f f e e l i n g s o f d r e ad , a l t ho u g h e v e r yo n e e v ha may d n a ay w n w o r i e h t n i cymophobia s e c n e i r e p x e e x p e r i e n c e s cymophobia i n t h e i r o w n w ay a n d may ha v e r u O . oms t symp t n e r e f f di di f f e r e n t symp t oms . O u r . s g u r d o n s e vl o v n i t n e m ta e r t t r e at m e n t i n v o lv e s n o d r u g s . s g u r d t n e t po f o y t e i r a v a h g u Tho Tho u g h a v a r i e t y o f po t e n t d r u g s netfo era are often s t c e f f e e sid , cymophobia r o f d e ib r sc e r p p r e sc r ib e d f o r cymophobia , sid e e f f e c t s oms t symp l a w a r hd t i w r o / d n a a n d / o r w i t hd r a w a l symp t oms , r e v o e r o M . e r e v e s e b n ca ca n b e s e v e r e . M o r e o v e r , . phobia r e h t o y n a r o cymophobia ” e r u c “ t o n do s g u r d d r u g s do n o t “ c u r e ” cymophobia o r a n y o t h e r phobia . h g u o r h t oms t symp e h t ss e r pp u s y l i r a r mpo e t y e h t t s e b t A A t b e s t t h e y t e mpo r a r i ly s u pp r e ss t h e symp t oms t h r o u g h l mica e ch ch e mica l - g u r d , t as f , n r e mod e h t t ha t is s w e n ood g e Th . n io t ac r e t n i i n t e r ac t io n . Th e g ood n e w s is t ha t t h e mod e r n , f as t, d r u g n ai r t l l i w s e ss e oc r p e e r f f r e e p r oc e ss e s w i l l t r ai n d n mi r u yo yo u r mi n d e k i l - e v a w r o s e v a w t u abo t n e r e f f di y l e t e l comp l e e f o t t o f e e l comp l e t e ly di f f e r e n t abo u t w a v e s o r w a v e - l i k e r a e f e h t g n i t a n imi l e , n io t mo mo t io n , e l imi n a t i n g t h e f e a r r e v e n t i so so i t n e v e r . n ai g a u yo s t n u ha ha u n t s yo u a g ai n . , cymophobia h t i w g n i v i l e r a u yo f I I f yo u a r e l i v i n g w i t h cymophobia , , h t l a e h r u yo o t t cos l a e r e h t is t ha w w ha t is t h e r e a l cos t t o yo u r h e a l t h , r o r e e r ca r u yo yo u r ca r e e r o r d n a , l schoo schoo l , a n d e h t g n oidi v A ? e f i l y l ami f r u yo o t t o yo u r f ami ly l i f e ? A v oidi n g t h e g n i n g si e r n a e m d l u o w y l e t i n i f e d n i e u iss iss u e i n d e f i n i t e ly w o u l d m e a n r e si g n i n g , r a e f n i g n i v i l o t f l e s r u yo yo u r s e l f t o l i v i n g i n f e a r , , l l sma d n a g bi s e c n e i r e p x e e f i l ss e l e ic r p n o t u o g n missi missi n g o u t o n p r ic e l e ss l i f e e x p e r i e n c e s bi g a n d sma l l , t ha t e f i l a g n i v i l l i v i n g a l i f e t ha t w shado a t s u j is is j u s t a shado w . e n o g is m e l ob r p e h t n e h w e b l l i w t i t ha w f o o f w ha t i t w i l l b e w h e n t h e p r ob l e m is g o n e . a g n i n r a e e n yo n a r Fo Fo r a n yo n e e a r n i n g a f o l l o t l cia n a n i f e h t , g n i v i l l i v i n g , t h e f i n a n cia l t o l l o f . e l ab l u c l ca n i is phobia his t t his phobia is i n ca l c u l ab l e . r e v e n n ca u yo s n a e m r a e f h t i w g n i v Li Li v i n g w i t h f e a r m e a n s yo u ca n n e v e r s e i t i n u t r oppo t Los . t s e b r u yo e v i g d n a y l l u f e t a r t n e c n co co n c e n t r a t e f u l ly a n d g i v e yo u r b e s t . Los t oppo r t u n i t i e s s n io t omo r P . s e ad r g r o e c n ma r o f r e p r oo P P oo r p e r f o r ma n c e o r g r ad e s . P r omo t io n s . by u yo pass t ha t t ha t pass yo u by. u yo t cos y l e k i l l l i w cymophobia cymophobia w i l l l i k e ly cos t yo u ds n sa u ho t f o ds e r d n u h n e v e , s n e t t e n s , e v e n h u n d r e ds o f t ho u sa n ds s r a l l do f o o f do l l a r s , e im t e f i l r u yo f o e s r u co e h t r e v o o v e r t h e co u r s e o f yo u r l i f e t im e , eht enola tel let alone the t cos cos t d n a h t l a e h r u yo o t t o yo u r h e a l t h a n d n ca ymophobia C w No . e f i l f o y t i l a u q q u a l i t y o f l i f e . No w C ymophobia ca n ss e l r o f e n o g e b b e g o n e f o r l e ss e ic r p e h t n ha t t ha n t h e p r ic e . t e k ic t e n i l r ai ip r t - d n u o r a f o o f a r o u n d - t r ip ai r l i n e t ic k e t . , phobias d n a s r a e f l l a e k Li Li k e a l l f e a r s a n d phobias , cymophobia cymophobia s u scio n co n u e h t by d e t a e r c is is c r e a t e d by t h e u n co n scio u s a as d n mi mi n d as a evitcetorp protective . ism n cha e m m e cha n ism . , t pas r u yo n i t n poi e som t A A t som e poi n t i n yo u r pas t, s e v a w g n i k n i l t n e v e n a y l e k i l as w e r e h t t h e r e w as l i k e ly a n e k i l - e vaw r o o r wav e - l i k e l a n io t mo e d n a n io t mo mo t io n a n d e mo t io n a l . ma u a r t t r a u ma . l a n i g i r o e h t t s l Whi Whi l s t t h e o r i g i n a l a n e e b e v ha may t ys l a t ca ca t a lys t may ha v e b e e n a e som f o e r sca e f i l - l a e r r e a l - l i f e sca r e o f som e e b so l a n ca n io t di n co e h t , d n i k k i n d , t h e co n di t io n ca n a l so b e by d e r e g g i r t t r i g g e r e d by , TV , s e i v mo e k i l s t n e v e n g i n e b , iad r my my r iad , b e n i g n e v e n t s l i k e mo v i e s , TV , ss e n si u b d n a s e n o d e v o o v e d o n e s a n d b u si n e ss . s e t associa associa t e s . y l l ypica t oms t ymp S S ymp t oms t ypica l ly , g n hi t a e r b apid r , h t a e r b f o ss e n t r sho e d u l c n i i n c l u d e sho r t n e ss o f b r e a t h , r apid b r e a t hi n g , r u O . oms t symp t n e r e f f di di f f e r e n t symp t oms . O u r . s g u r d o n s e vl o v n i t n e m ta e r t t r e at m e n t i n v o lv e s n o d r u g s . s g u r d t n e t po f o y t e i r a v a h g u Tho Tho u g h a v a r i e t y o f po t e n t d r u g s netfo era are often s t c e f f e e sid , cymophobia r o f d e ib r sc e r p p r e sc r ib e d f o r cymophobia , sid e e f f e c t s oms t symp l a w a r hd t i w r o / d n a a n d / o r w i t hd r a w a l symp t oms , r e v o e r o M . e r e v e s e b n ca ca n b e s e v e r e . M o r e o v e r , . phobia r e h t o y n a r o cymophobia ” e r u c “ t o n do s g u r d d r u g s do n o t “ c u r e ” cymophobia o r a n y o t h e r phobia . l mica e ch ch e mica l n ai r t l l i w s e ss e oc r p e e r f f r e e p r oc e ss e s w i l l t r ai n d n mi r u yo yo u r mi n d e k i l - e v a w r o s e v a w t u abo t n e r e f f di y l e t e l comp l e e f o t t o f e e l comp l e t e ly di f f e r e n t abo u t w a v e s o r w a v e - l i k e r a e f e h t g n i t a n imi l e , n io t mo mo t io n , e l imi n a t i n g t h e f e a r haps r e p r o o r p e r haps e s l e e n o e som g n i e e s s e e i n g som e o n e e l s e . ma u a r t e c n e i r e p x e e x p e r i e n c e t r a u ma . n io t associa e v i t a g e n e h t as g n o l so t u B B u t so l o n g as t h e n e g a t i v e associa t io n d n mi s u scio n co n u e h t , h g u o n e l u f r e w po is is po w e r f u l e n o u g h , t h e u n co n scio u s mi n d , hh A “ : s k n hi t t hi n k s : “A hh , g n hi t e l ho w his t t his w ho l e t hi n g p e e k I do w o H . s u o r e g n da y r e v is is v e r y da n g e r o u s . H o w do I k e e p n io t a u t si f o d n i k his t n i g n i t t e g om r f f l e mys mys e l f f r om g e t t i n g i n t his k i n d o f si t u a t io n - e v a w r o s e v a w o t s g n i l e e f e l ib r r e t ach t t a l l ’ I , w o n k I ? n ai g a a g ai n ? I k n o w , I ’ l l a t t ach t e r r ib l e f e e l i n g s t o w a v e s o r w a v e r e e t s l l ’ I ay w t ha t , n io t mo e k i l l i k e mo t io n , t ha t w ay I ’ l l s t e e r erutuf ni raelc clear in future t ha t e k i l t s u J ” . e f sa e b so d n a a n d so b e sa f e . ” J u s t l i k e t ha t cymophobia cymophobia is s n io t a u t si o t s n io t mo e g n achi t t A . n r bo is is bo r n . A t t achi n g e mo t io n s t o si t u a t io n s is y r ima r p e h t f o e n o o n e o f t h e p r ima r y e h t t e g t s u j e w s e im t e om S . n r a e l s n ma u h t ha t ays w w ays t ha t h u ma n s l e a r n . S om e t im e s w e j u s t g e t t h e .gnorw gniriw wiring wrong. . ays w t n e r e f f di n i f l e s t i s t s e f i n ma phobia l a u t ac e Th Th e ac t u a l phobia ma n i f e s t s i t s e l f i n di f f e r e n t w ays . s r e r e f f u s e om S S om e s u f f e r e r s s r e h t o , e im t e h t l l a t mos l a t i e c n e i r e p x e e x p e r i e n c e i t a l mos t a l l t h e t im e , o t h e r s o t e s n spo e r n i t s u j j u s t i n r e spo n s e t o has e n yo r e v E . i l u im t s t c e r di di r e c t s t im u l i . E v e r yo n e has S E S N O P S RE n w o r i e h t t h e i r o w n RE S P O N S E S CIBOHP OT TO PHOBIC .ILIUMITS STIMUILI.

Speific Phobia Agoraphobia Social Phobia Generalized A nxiet y Disorder

as many women as men suffer from panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, generalised

anxiety disorder and specific phobia though about equal numbers of women and men have

obsessive - compulsive disorder and social phobia.

Females are more prone to irrational fears than males. Phobia statistics suggest that roughly twice

P o s t -Tr a u m a t i c S t r e s s D i s o r d e r Obsessive Compulsive Disorder P a n i c D i s o rd e r

disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias ( social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific

phobia ). Approximately 4 0 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18.1% of people in

this age group, have an anxiety disorder.

Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive - compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress

All Anxiet y Disorders

98 10 PERSONALITY AND TEMPERAMENT

0 9 T R E AT M E N T A N D P R O G N I S I S

100

P R E VA L E N C E ( % )

64 08 DIAGNOSIS OF PHOBIC DISORDERS

07 SYMPTOMS OF PHOBIA

06 CAUSES OF PHOBIA

01 INTRODUCTION

0 3 R E L AT E D D I S O R D E R S

05 TYPES OF PHOBIA

0 2 T H E I R R AT I O N A L F E A R

0 4 A N AT O M Y O F A P H O B I A

11 CONCLUSION

R A T E O F H O S P I TA L I Z A T I O N ( % ) P R E VA L E N C E I N W O M E N ( + ) V E R S U S M E N ( – ) AVERAGE AGE OF ONSET ( yrs)

> 26% 11 – 2 5 % 6 –10 % 1– 5%

effects from depressing to stimulating the central ner vous system via modulating the GABA A receptor, the

MAXIMUM RESPONSE 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1 % 1% Costa Rica New Zealand Ecuador Chile Sudan Mali Zimbabwe Peru 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Romania Rwanda Colombia Paraguay Slovenia Finland Hungary Lithuania 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% Denmark Nicaragua Ethiopia Croatia Cuba Slovakia El Salvador Latvia 8% 8% 5% 6% 4% 4% 4% 3%

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

Australia Kenya Netherlands Argentina Ve n e z u e l a Uruguay Sierra Leone Sweden Nigeria 7% Dom. Republic 7% Spain 7% South Africa 6% Egypt 6% Germany 6% Norway 6% Canada 6% 52% 52% 38% 17% 16% 14% 12% 11% Brazil South Korea United States Japan Israel Mexico India Congo

I L LU S T R ATO R C S 2 , P H OTO S H O P C S 2 / CA M ERA N I KO N D 8 0 , 10 . 0 M P / P R I NTER E P S O N

C O V E R STO C K W A U S A U E X A C T D I G I TA L C O L O R C O P Y 3 2 L B W R I T I N G / E N D S H E E T

STO C K W A U S A U E X A C T D I G I TA L C O L O R C O P Y 3 2 L B W R I T I N G / TE X T STO C K W A U S A U

E X A C T D I G I TA L C O L O R C O P Y, 3 2 L B W R I T I N G / S O F T W A R E A D O B E I N D E S I G N C S 2 ,

H N

0 9 T R E AT M EN T A N D P RO G N OS IS

S T Y LUS P H OTO R18 0 0

( 415 ) 412 . 9 7 6 9

S U P R I YA K A L I D A S @ G M A I L . C O M

BO O K S IZE 6 . 2 5 X 8 . 3 I N C H E S / N U M BER O F PAG ES 10 0 / FO NTS G A R A M O N D / U N I V ER S

B I N D E R Y T H E K E Y, O A K L A N D , C A / ( 4 1 5 ) 6 4 8 .1 8 6 5 / U N I T C O S T U S D S E V E N T Y F I V E

R THOS

G DO M

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

F L U R A Z E PA M

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C H LO R D I AZ EP OX I D E

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0 4 T H E A N ATO M Y O F A P H O BI A

0 3 R EL AT ED DIS O R D ERS

P R O F E S S O R J E N N I F E R S T E R L I N G / A C A D E M Y O F A R T U N I V E R S I T Y, S A N F R A N C I S C O

Y HEI

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86 / 87

F i g .U _ C H E M I C A L S T R U C T U R E S O F B E N Z O D I A Z E P I N E S

ACROPHOBIA (FROM GREEK ἌΚΡΟΣ, MEAN I N G S U M M I I S A N E X T R E M E O R I R R AT I O N A L F E A R O F H E I G H T S . I T B E L O N G S T O A C

Y O

YOU

28 / 29

F i g . C & D _ P R E VA L E N C E O F A N X I E T Y D I S O R D E R S

S P E C I F I C P H O B I A S , C A L L E D S PA C E A N D M O T I O N D I S C

T H AT S H A R E B O T H S I M I L A R E T I O L O G Y A N D O P T I O N S F O R T R EA TM E N T. 07 SYMTPOMS OF PHOBIA A C R O P H O B I A C A N B E D A N G E R O U S , A S S U F F E R E R S C A N E X P E R I E N C E A PA N I C AT TA C K I N A H IG H P LA CE AND B E C OM E T O A G I T A T E D T O G E T T H E M S E LV E S D O W N S A F E L Y. S O M E A C R O P H O B I C S AL S O SU FF E R FRO M UR GE S TO T H R O W

EC TR

T H E M S E LV E S O F F H I G H P L A C E S , D E S P I T E N O T B E I N G S U I C I D A L . VERTIGO IS OFTEN USED, INCO R R E CT L Y, TO DESCRIBE THE FEAR OF HEIGHTS, BU T I T I S

TH E SP

AN B

S, IN

D OF

L A D

SIGN

LOW

E’ BE

E E N

LY O N V I S U A

M O R E A C C U R AT E LY D E S C R I B E D A S A S P I N N I N G S E N S AT I O N , W H I C H M AY B E CA US ED DOWN FROM A HIGH PLACE, AS WELL AS BY SOME OTHER STIMULI. VERTIGO I S QU AL

WHEN REFERRING TO DIZZINESS TRIGGER E T R A D I T I O N A L L Y, A C R O P H O B I A

H A S B E E N AT T R I B U T E D , L I K E O T H E R I R R A T I O N A L F E A R S , T O C O N D I T I O N I N G O R A T R A U M AT I C E X P E R I E N C E I N V O

EA, D

SYM

R E C E N T S T U D I E S H AV E C A S T D O U B T O N T H I S E X P L A N AT I O N ; [ 1 ] F E A R O F FA L L I N G , A L O N G W I T H FE AR L O U D N O I S E S , I S O N E O F T H E M O S T C O M M O N LY S U G G E S T E D I N B O R N O R N O N - A S S O C I AT I V E FE A R S. T H E N E W E R N O N - A S S O C I AT I O N THE ORY IS T H AT F E AR O F

H E I G H T S I S A N E V O LV E D A D A P T A T I O N T O A P R E H I S T O R A S I G N I F I C A N T D A N G E R . T H E D E G R E E O F F E A R VA R I E S A

THE EXTREM IT HAS B E E

NCE O N E S

O B I K S).

IA” P H

A R G U E D B Y R E S E A R C H E R S T H AT F E A R O F H E I G H T S I S A N I N S T I N C T F O U N D I N M A N Y M AM M A L A N I M A L S A N D H U M A N B E I N G S . T H E R E H AV E B E E N E X P E R I M E N T S

I A C H

S H O W I N G T O D D L E R B A B I E S A N D C AT S O F VA R I O U S A G E S B E I N G T E R R I F I E D OF VENTURING ONTO A GLASS FLOOR WITH A VIEW OF A FEW METERS O F [2]AN EXTREME FEAR HOWEVER CAN INTER F E R E WI TH TH E

I A.”

C H A L L E N G E S O F E V E R Y D AY L I F E , S U C H A S C L I M B I N G U P A F L I G H T O F S T A I R S O R A O R S TA N D I N G O N A C H A I R , TA B L E , ( E T C )

P H O B

NG,

G F

D T H AT I S N O L O

M I

B R

AT I

W E

G HEI

AC RO P H R T RA C

RO B L E

R, U

A P O S S I B L E C O N T R I B U T I N G FA C T O R I S D Y S F U N C TION IN M AI NT AI NI N G B A L A N C E . I N T H I S C A S E T H E A N X I E T Y I S B O T H W E L L F O U N D E D A N D S E C O N D A R Y. T H E H U M

I N T E G R AT E S P R O P R I O C E P T I V E , V E S T I B U L A R A N D N E A R B Y V I S U A L C U E S T O R E C K O N P O S I T I O N A N D M HEIGHT INCREASES VISUAL CUES RECEDE AND BALANCE B E C O MES PO O R E R EVEN IN NORMAL PEOPLE. H O W E V ER M O S T

PEOPLE RESPOND BY SHIFTING TO MORE R EL THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE AND VESTIBULAR BR AN

OF THE EQUILI B RI UM S YST E M. AN ACROPH OBIC, ON THE OTHER HAND, CONTINUES TO OVERR

“AC

N D

AS A

M E KI N

L E

B E C A U S E O F I N A D E Q U A T E V E S T I B U L A R F U N C T I O N O R I N C O R R E C T S T R A T E G Y. L OC OM O TI ON A A H I G H E L E VAT I O N R E Q U I R E S M O R E T H A N N O R M A L V I S U A L P R O C E S SI N G. THE VI SU A L C O R T E X B E C O M E S O V E R L O A D E D R E S U LT I N G I N C O N F U S I O N . S O M E PR O P ONEN TS O F THE

S E T

A T L IN K

M R S

TH D

V I E W O F A C R O P H O B I A WA R N T H AT I T M AY B E I L L - A D V I S E D T O E N C O U R A G E A C R O P H O B I C S T O T O H E I G H T W I T H O U T F I R S T R E S O LV I N G T H E V E S T I B U L A R I S S UE S.

R E S E A R C H I S U N D E R WAY AT S E V E R A L C L I N I C S. THE MEDICAL DEFINITION FOR THE FEAR OF HEIGH TS

TO E WO

T HA T EV E NT

P B

E D RE

T IN

+ + + +

14 / 15

TA B LE O F C O NTENTS

IT IS AN ABNORMAL AND PERSISTENT FEAR OF HEIGHTS. THE W OR D AC RO PH O IS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK WORDS “ACRON” (HEIGHT): AND “PHOBOS” (FEAR). A C

E S OM ET

T H E F E A R O F H E I G H T S , I S A N AT U R A L F E A R . T O A C E R T A I N E X T E N T, T H E R E I S N O T H I N G W R O N G W I T H H AV I N G A F E A R O F H E I G H T S . I T I S A H E A LT H Y G O D G I V E N

D E F E N S E A G A I N S T D O I N G T H I N G S L I K E WA L K I N G O F F A C L I F F. W H E N T H E N AT U R A L H E A LT H Y I N S T I N C T B E C O M E S A M OR B

6 0 / 61

( U N S O U N D O R E V E N PA R A N O I A ) F E A R . T H I S T Y P E O F U N HE AL THY FE A I S U S U A L LY O V E R W H E L M I N G A N D D E B I L I T AT I N G ( I T W I L L F R E E Z E Y O U I N Y O

MANY PEOPLE W I T H A C R O P H O B I A E X P E R I E N C E B R E AT H L E S S N E S S , D I Z Z I N E S S , E X C E

A S SI M

F E E L I N G S I C K , S H A K I N G , H E A R T P A L P I T A T I O N S , A N D T H E I N A B I L I T Y T O S P E A K O R T H I N K C L E A R L Y. O T H ALSO INCLUDE A FEAR OF DYING, BECOMING MAD OR LOS IN G C O NT R O L, A S E N S AT I O N O F D E TA C H M E N T F R O M R E A L I T Y O R E V E N A F U L L

E T R

B L O W N A N X I E T Y AT TA C K . M A N Y P S Y C H O L O G I S T S T H I N K S O M E P O I N T I N Y O U R PA S T, T H E R E W A S P O S S I B LY AN

RI EN C S.

LEVELS AND EMOTIO N A L TR A U M A. T H E Y T H I N K T H AT T H E O R I G I N A L E V E N T M AY H AV E B E E N A R E A L - L I F E S C A R E O F S

C O N S C I O U S LY R E M E M B E R E D. THEY THINK THE CONDITION CA N AL S O B T R I G G E R E D B Y M U LT I P L E E V E N T S L I K E S E E I N G

I N M O V I E S , T V, O R PERHAPS EVEN S E E I N G

SOMEONE ELSE EXP E I N V O LV I N G H E I G H T

DRUGS DO NOT C URE AC R OPH O B I A. T H E Y S I M P LY T E M P O R A R I LY S U P PR E SS T H E S YM U S I N G C H E M I C A L S . T H E S I D E E F F E C T S O F T H E D R U G S M AY

A F E A R O F H E I G H T S . N E V E R TA K E D R U G S W I T H O U T A D O C T O R ’ S P E RS C RIP TION Y O U K N O W E X A C T LY W H AT T H E D R U G WILL D O TO YO UR B O D Y.

HYPNOSIS ALSO DOES NOT CURE ACROPHOBIA. IT ALSO SUPPRESSES THE SYMPT OMS BUT I N S T E A D OF U SI N C H E M I C A L S Y O U ’ R E A L L O W I N G S O M E O N E T O T E M P O R A R I LY C O N T R O L Y O U R M I N D . Y O U H AV E T O G O T O A N A R

AT Y OU ’R E DE N Y OR P

YOU EXPERIENCE THE FEAR OF HEIGHTS (THIS CAN BE SOMET HIN G D I V E B O A R D AT A P O O L ) . S TA R T I N G Q U I T E FA R B C K F R O

T H E E D G E ( W H E R E Y O U F E E L N O F E A R ) S L O W LY S T A R T W A L K I N G T O W AR D T HE S T O P WA L K I N G A S S O O N A S Y O U F E E L A N Y F E A R . P AY A T T E N T I O N T O W HA T YO U A AND MAKE YOURSELF A W AR E O F TH OS E F EE L IN G S.

DON’T RUN A W A Y F R O M WH F E E L I N G AT T H I S P O I N T A N D D O N ’ T

NG TH

OIN

EA N

T H AT T H O S E F E E L I N G S A R E N O T T H E R E . D O N ’ T G O A N Y FA RT H E R T O W A R D S T H E E D GE, J U ST S T AY W H E RE Y OU A R E. DON’T GIVE UP ON YOUR DESIRE TO GET OVER YOUR FEA R OF H E I G H TS . A CC EPT T HE F A C T T H A T YO U H AV E T O D O I T R I G H T N O W. Y O U C A N C H O O S E N O T T O G O A N Y C L O S E R T O T H E E D G E AT T H I S P O I N T I N T I M E . T H E N E X T T I M E Y O U R E P E AT T H I S P R O C E S S S TA R T F R O M TH E SA ME PL A C E Y O U S TA RT E D T H E F I R S T T I M E . ON C E A G A I N , S T O P WA L K I N G A S S O O N A S Y O U F E E L A N Y F E A R . PAY AT T E N T I O N A G A I N T O W H AT Y O U A RE F EE LI N G A ND M AWA R E O F T H O S E F E E L I N G S . A S W I T H T H E F I R S T T I M E , D O N ’ T R U N A WAY F R O M W H AT Y O U ’ R E F E E L I N G AT T H I S P O I N A N D D O N ’ T D E N Y O R P R E T E N D T H AT T H O S E F E E L I N G S A R E N ’ T T H E R E . Y O U M U S T C O N S C I O U S L Y M A K E A C H O I C E A C H O I C E T H AT Y O U A R E I N C O M P L E T E C O N T R O L . Y O U C A N C H O O S E T O C O N T I N U E WA L K I N G T O WA R D T H E E D G E , L E AV E , O R S TAY R I G H T W H E R E Y O U A R E . I T I S Y O U R C H O I C E A N D Y O U A R E I N C O N T R O L . S TA RT T H E P R O C E S S A G A I N F R O M TH E S A M E P L A C E Y O U S TA RT E D T H E F I R S T T I M E . T H E M O M E N T W I L L C O M E W H E N YOU WILL BE ABLE TO S I M P LY A C C E P T W H AT Y O U A R E F E E L I N G , E V E N A H E A LT H Y G O D G I V E N

L F

E P

R E M

D E F E N S E A G A I N S T D O I N G T H I N G S L I K E WA L K I N G O F F A C L I F F. TH E P RO B L E M I S W H E N T H E N AT U R A L H E A LT H Y I N S T I N C T B E C O M E S A M OR B I D ( U N S O U N D O R E V E N PA R A N O I A ) F E A R . T H I S T Y P E O F U N HE AL THY FE A R, AC RO P H O B I A, I S U S U A L LY O V E R W H E L M I N G A N D D E B I L I T AT I N G ( I T W I L L F R E E Z E Y O U I N Y O U R T RA C K S). MANY PEOPLE W I T H A C R O P H O B I A E X P E R I E N C E B R E AT H L E S S N E S S , D I Z Z I N E S S , E X C E S S I V E S W E AT I N G , NA US EA, D RY M O U F E E L I N G S I C K , S H A K I N G , H E A R T P A L P I T A T I O N S , A N D T H E I N A B I L I T Y T O S P E A K O R T H I N K C L E A R L Y. O T H E R S Y M P T O M S ALSO INCLUDE A FEAR OF DYING, BECOMING MAD OR LOS IN G C O NT R O L, A S E N S AT I O N O F D E TA C H M E N T F R O M R E A L I T Y O R E V E N A F U L L B L O W N A N X I E T Y AT TA C K . M A N Y P S Y C H O L O G I S T S T H I N K T HA T A T S O M E P O I N T I N Y O U R PA S T, T H E R E W A S P O S S I B LY AN EV E NT L IN K IN G HEI GH TS OR HI G H LEVELS AND EMOTIO N A L TR A U M A. T H E Y T H I N K T H AT T H E O R I G I N A L E V E N T M AY H AV E B E E N A R E A L - L I F E S C A R E O F S O M E K I N D T H AT I S N O L O N G E C O N S C I O U S LY R E M E M B E R E D. THEY THINK THE CONDITION CA N AL S O B E I N M O V I E S , T V, O R

R B R AI N S S. O FT E N, BY F A

T H O U G H Y O U M AY H A V E N O D E S I R E T O C O N TINU E O N T O WA R D S T H E E D G E . W H E N Y O U A C C E P T W H A T YOU AR E F E ELI N G, W H E R E Y O U A R E S TA N D I N G , Y O U ’ L L F I N D T H AT T H E F E A R F AD ES. EV E RY TI M E YOU RE PE A T THIS PROCESS, STOP WHENEVER YOU FE EL TH E SY M PT OM S C O M I N G O N, I D E N T I F Y T H E F E E L I N G S , L O C AT E W H E R E Y O U A R E , A N D A L L O W YOU RS ELF FE EL T HE AS Y O U D O, A N D N E V E R L O S E Y O U R R E S O LV E T O G E T C L O S E R T O T H E E D G E . L I T T L E B Y L I T T L E , US IN G TH IS PR OCE SS, ARRIVE CLOSE TO THE EDGE AND YOU WON’T BE O V ER W H E L M E D BY THE FEAR OF HEIGHTS. ACROPHOBIA CAN BE T R E A T ED M EDI CA L LY W IT H A V A R I E T Y O F D R U G S . O T H E R S H A V E T R I E D H Y P N O T H E R A P Y. O F Y O U S U F F E R S EV E RE A C R O PH O BI A A H AV E B E E N U N A B L E T O M A K E P R O G R E S S AT H O M E, IT IS ADVISAB L E T O SEEK A DO CT OR ’S H E L P. P L E A S E S E E T O I T T H AT T H E D O C T O R C O M B I N E S TH E M E D I C I N E WITH A THERAPY DESIGNED TO FREE YOU OF THIS PHOBIA A N D T H E M E D IC INE EV EN T U A L L Y.

H AV E T O

-5

0 V O LTA G E { v }

-5

0 V O LTA G E { v }

0 9 T R E AT M EN T A N D P RO G N OS IS

02 T H E IR R AT IO N A L FE A R

+ + + +

E R OF H E I

M E A

FEAR OF HEIGHTS SELF HELP: AS WITH A L L P HO BI AS, O U “ O V E R R E A C T ” T O A F E A R - G E N E R AT I N G E V E N T. . . I N T H I S C A S E , H E I G H T

PICTURE OF AN INSECT

F E A R S A L I T T L E AT A T I M E , WE CAN RETRAIN OUR BRAINS TO REACT NO R M A L L Y. T H I S C AN B E D ONE WI T H A C R O P H O B I A B Y G R A D U A L LY W O R K I N G O U R W AY U P A L A D D E R , U P E X T E R I O R F L I G H T S O F S T A I R S, US IN G S E E - T H R O U G H E L E VA PA R A - S A I L I N G , B A L L O O N I N G , A I R P L A N E S . Y O U S TA T W I T H A S M A L L, C O M F O R T A B L E H E I G H T A N D W O R K Y O U R W A Y U P, S L O W L Y. I S T I L L H A V E T O R E M IN D MY S E L F I ’ M N O T I N D A N G E R E V E R Y T I M E I S P E A K P U B L I C L Y. I F Y O U D O I T G RA D UA LL Y A N D R E P E AT E D L Y, Y O U SHOULD BE ABLE TO OV ER C O M E T H IS PH O B I A.

Fi g.B _ P H O B I C R E S P O N S E TO ST I MU LU S

T H E M O S T W I D E LY A C C E P T E D E X P L A N AT I O N I S T H A T A C R O P H O B I A S T E M S FR OM T HE NA TU RA FA L L I N G A N D B E I N G I N J U R E D O R K I L L E D . A P H O B I A O C CU RS W H E N F E A R I S T A K E T O A N E X T R E M E , D U E P O S S I B LY T O U N I N T E NT IO N A L LEA R N I N G G E N E R A L I Z AT I O N O F T H E F E A R R ES P O N S E, O R T H E R E S U LT O F A T R A U M AT I C EXP ER IEN CE. L I KE OT H E R FE ARS A N D PH O BIA S, A C R O P H O B I A I S C R E AT E D B Y T H E U N C O N S C I O U S M I N D A S A P R O T E CTIV E M ECH AN I S M. AT S O M LINKING HEIGHTS OR HIGH LEVELS AND EMOTI ON AL T R AU M A. YO UR MI N D T H E N

PICT U R E O F A F LOW ER

S E E K S T O P R O T E C T T H E B O D Y F R C O M F O R T A B L E H E I G H T A N D W O R K Y O U R W A Y U P, S L O W L Y. I S T I L L O M F U RT H E R TR A U M A I N

78 / 79

Fi g. A _ P H O B I C R E S P O N S E TO ST I MU LU S

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

THE FUTURE AND ELI CI TS A N E X T RE F E A R O F T H E S I T U AT I O N , I N T H I S C A S E T H E F

08/09

ORT O

diazepine ring systems. Many of these drugs contain the 5 - phenyl -1,3 - dihydro -1,4 - benzodiazepin -2-

one substructure. Most benzodiazepines are administered orally; however, administration can also occur

intravenously, intramuscularly, sublingually or as a suppositor y. Benzodiazepines produce a range of

O NT

The core chemical structure of “classical” benzodiazepine drugs is a fusion between the benzene and

{

P R O J E C T N °1 / / P H O B I A : W H E N F E A R B E C O M E S A D I S O R D E R

BASILAR MEMBRANE DISPLACEMENT

KINESOPHOBIA

PHOTOAUGLIAPHOBIA

SIDERODROMOPHOBIA

STENOPHOBIA

3 4

25 Hz

400 Hz

50 Hz

800 Hz

100 Hz

1600 Hz 0

D I S TA N C E F R O M S TA P E S { m m } inner ear. Figure B shows a cross-section of the cochlea.

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

Fig. L

Fig.J

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

D I S TA N C E F R O M S TA P E S { m m }

+ + + +

200 Hz

54/ 55

5 0 / 51

48/49

just in the response to

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and

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catoptrophobia

mostmost

catoptrophobia

therapies

take

months

years

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own

nd A . worse condition the make often will it , unnecessary totally this is onlyonly is this totally unnecessary , it will often make the condition worse . A nd right the with eliminated be can catoptrophobia as cruel particularly is itit is particularly cruel as catoptrophobia can be eliminated with the right a by nown K . individual phobic the by commitment of hours 4 2 just and methodsmethods and just 2 4 hours of commitment by the phobic individual . K nown by a common most the being irrors M of ear F and atoptrophobia C - names of numbernumber of names - C atoptrophobia and F ear of M irrors being the most common

. stimuli direct Y R E V to

cause

their has N O S R E P very E

. associates business and ones loved from apart people keep and attacks panicpanic attacks and keep people apart from loved ones and business associates .

for

own

irregular , breathing rapid , breath of shortness include typically ymptoms SS ymptoms typically include shortness of breath , rapid breathing , irregular

L E E F to how and when

everyone although , dread of feelings overall and , nausea , sweating , heartbeatheartbeat , sweating , nausea , and overall feelings of dread , although everyone

as a

S YA W

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. life

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THE

looking fearing people fear hey T . mirrors into straight

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t A . phobia other any or catoptrophobia ” cure “ not do drugs , oreover M . severesevere . M oreover , drugs do not “ cure ” catoptrophobia or any other phobia . A t he T . interaction chemical through symptoms the suppress temporarily they bestbest they temporarily suppress the symptoms through chemical interaction . T he

own

unique

W AY S

also of

known

fear

I N T O V E R Y large mirrors

what , catoptrophobia with living are you f I . again you haunts never it so fearfear so it never haunts you again . I f you are living with catoptrophobia , what

E specially B ody length

? life family your to and , school or career your , health your to cost real the isis the real cost to your health , your career or school , and to your family life ?

mirrors . T H O S E suffering

from

looking

, fear in living to yourself resigning mean would indefinitely issue the voiding AA voiding the issue indefinitely would mean resigning yourself to living in fear ,

from T H I S phobia avoid

front

a just is that life a living , small and big experiences life priceless on out missingmissing out on priceless life experiences big and small , living a life that is just a

EVEN

, living a earning anyone or F . gone is problem the when be will it what of shadowshadow of what it will be when the problem is gone . F or anyone earning a living ,

NEVE

. mirrors

can you means fear with iving L . incalculable is phobia this of toll financial thethe financial toll of this phobia is incalculable . L iving with fear means you can

avoid seeing themselves

performance oor P . opportunities ost L . best your give and fully concentrate never never concentrate fully and give your best . L ost opportunities . P oor performance

still

you cost likely will catoptrophobia . by you pass that romotions P . grades oror grades . P romotions that pass you by. catoptrophobia will likely cost you

these

under

these

still

mirrors .

under

research

fear the whether that

, lifetime your of course the over dollars of thousands of hundreds even , tens tens , even hundreds of thousands of dollars over the course of your lifetime , can atoptrophobia C ow N . life of quality and health your to cost the alone let let alone the cost to your health and quality of life . N ow C atoptrophobia can

is from the mirror or

fears all ike L . ticket airline trip - round a of price the than less for gone be be gone for less than the price of a round - trip airline ticket . L ike all fears

from the R E F L E C T I O N O F

ufferers S

.NOSREP

mirrors of

fear

EHT may

variety

that whether the fear

protective a as mind unconscious the by created is catoptrophobia , phobias andand phobias , catoptrophobia is created by the unconscious mind as a protective

THE

PERSON.

mirrors linking event an likely was there , past your in point some t A . mechanismmechanism . A t some point in your past , there was likely an event linking mirrors

may

fear

life - real a been have may catalyst original the hilst W . trauma emotional andand emotional trauma . W hilst the original catalyst may have been a real- life

S ufferers

mirrors

variety

for

reasons ,

of because N E T F O T S O M

events benign , myriad by triggered be also can condition the , kind some of scarescare of some kind , the condition can also be triggered by myriad , benign events

trauma emotional some

as long so ut B . trauma experience else someone seeing perhaps or , V T , movies likelike movies , T V , or perhaps seeing someone else experience trauma . B ut so long as

some emotional trauma

but

, hh A “ : thinks mind unconscious the , enough powerful is association negative thethe negative association is powerful enough , the unconscious mind thinks : “A hh ,

involving

, mirrors

involving

. superstitious E R A E M O S mirrors into

TA H T

gateway

SFEILEB EHT

ERA

a or supernatural the another

into

this in getting from myself keep I do ow H . dangerous very is thing whole thisthis whole thing is very dangerous . H ow do I keep myself from getting in this

M O S T O F T E N because of mirrors ,

but

S O M E A R E superstitious .

way that , mirrors to feelings terrible attach ll ’ I , know I ? again situation of kindkind of situation again ? I know , I ’ ll attach terrible feelings to mirrors , that way

BELIEFS

. born is catoptrophobia that like ust J ” . safe be so and future in clear steer ll ’ II ’ ll steer clear in future and so be safe . ” J ust like that catoptrophobia is born .

ARE

. learn humans that ways primary the of one is situations to emotions ttaching AA ttaching emotions to situations is one of the primary ways that humans learn .

7 _Neurotransmitter Receptor 6 _Neurotransmitter 5 _Synaptic Vescicle

Females are more prone to irrational fears than males. Phobia statistics suggest that roughly twice as

many women as men suffer from panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, generalised anxiety

4 _External Phobic Stimulus 3 _Post- Synaptic Membrane

disorder and social phobia. group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder.

Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive - compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress

2 _Pre - Synaptic Membrane

also

THE

T H AT

mirrors

gateway

into

the supernatural or a

window

manifests phobia actual he T . wrong wiring S ’ M E T S Y S the get just we ometimes SS ometimes we just get the S Y S T E M ’ S wiring wrong . T he actual phobia manifests

window

. common Y R E V are world

others , time the all almost it experience sufferers ome S . ways different in itselfitself in different ways . S ome sufferers experience it almost all the time , others

world are V E R Y common .

into

another

0 9 T R E AT M EN T A N D P RO G N OS IS

. mirrors

front

0 9 T R E AT M EN T A N D P RO G N OS IS

in T hey

0 9 T R E AT M EN T A N D P RO G N OS IS

themselves seeing avoid is

research

passing

mirrors .

or mirror the from is F O N O I T C E L F E R the from for

, reasons

K . Venlafaxine J . Reboxetine I . Fluvoxamine H . Paroxetine

associated with a reduction in the risk of AD.

G . Fluoxetine

intermediate structure that is converted to a -tocopher ylquinone. A recent population based

F. Mirtazapine E . Sertraline D . Desipramine TCAs NARI

C . Nortriptyline B . Imipramine

SNRI SSRIs

study of antioxidants concluded that a diet rich in foods containing vitamin E might help protect

10000 1000 100

K i VA L U E S ( n M )

10 1 10000 1000 K i VA L U E S ( n M )

100 10 1 I J

E F

G H

C D

A B

P OT EN CY O F A N T I D EPR ES S A N T S TO BLOC K

TOCO PH ERY LQU I N O N E

some people against Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ). Vitamin E in the form of supplements was not

100

K i VA L U E S ( n M )

1000

P OT EN CY O F A N T I D EPR ES S A N T S TO BLOC K

H 1 H I S TA M I N E R E C E P T O R S

P OT EN CY O F A N T I D EPR ES S A N T S TO BLOC K

O CH3

CH3

R H O O

O O

CH3

R O

MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR S

V I TA M I N E + SEMIHYDROASCORBATE RADICAL

OOH

INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURE

CH3

SINGLET O2

R [ = C H 2 ( C 5H10 ) 3 H ]

CH3 O CH3

LIPID—OOH

CH3

LIPID—OO

O2-

H3C

V I TA M I N E R A D I C A L

associated with a reduction in the risk of AD.

V I TA M I N E RADICAL + ASCORBATE

intermediate structure that is converted to a -tocopher ylquinone. A recent population based

straight

avoid phobia S I H T from passing

study of antioxidants concluded that a diet rich in foods containing vitamin E might help protect

linic C hobia P N R T C he T of processes free - drug , fast , modern the that is news goodgood news is that the modern , fast , drug - free processes of T he C T R N P hobia C linic the eliminating , mirrors about different completely feel to mind your train willwill train your mind to feel completely different about mirrors , eliminating the

some people against Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ). Vitamin E in the form of supplements was not

as is

which

people fearing looking into mirrors . T hey fear

from

mirrors large Y R E V O T N I suffering E S O H T . mirrors

hey T

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

for

when and how to F E E L

length ody B specially E

also

neutralising its unpaired electron. For example, vitamin E binds to OO · or O2· they form an

E very P E R S O N has their

kind

Free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl ions and nitric oxide all contain an unpaired electron.

SECOND

others just in response

BAD.

E isoptrophobia ,

be can symptoms withdrawal or / and effects side , catoptrophobia for prescribedprescribed for catoptrophobia , side effects and / or withdrawal symptoms can be

These radicals can have a negative effect on cells causing oxidative damage that leads to cell

FEELING

EVERY

O F T H E I R E V E R Y D AY L I F E ,

. symptoms different have may and way own their in catoptrophobia experiencesexperiences catoptrophobia in their own way and may have different symptoms . often are drugs potent of variety a hough T . drugs no involves treatment ur OO ur treatment involves no drugs . T hough a variety of potent drugs are often

fear

+ + + +

to V E R Y direct stimuli .

.DAB

, isoptrophobia E in

unique

RESPONSES TO THE PHOBIC S T I M U L I . S ome sufferers

GNILEEF

sometimes

has

even

not that believe e W . fear their to repeatedly exposed be to patient the requirerequire the patient to be exposed repeatedly to their fear . W e believe that not

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

causes

even

sufferers ome S . I L U M I T S

, E F I L YA D Y R E V E R I E H T F O

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

fear unwarranted and , abnormal , persistent a “ as efined D S I A I B O H P O R T P O T A CC A T O P T R O P H O B I A I S D efined as “a persistent , abnormal , and unwarranted fear , condition distressing already an to insult add o T . distress needless peoplepeople needless distress . T o add insult to an already distressing condition ,

CIBOHP EHT OT SESNOPSER

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

has

death. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, prevent cell damage by binding to the free radical and

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

10000

many women as men suffer from panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, generalised anxiety

disorder and specific phobia though about equal numbers of women and men have obsessive - compulsive

disorder and social phobia.

Females are more prone to irrational fears than males. Phobia statistics suggest that roughly twice as 10 8 6 4

increases as symptoms get stronger) , top row; negative correlation ( activity decreases as symptoms

their

0 9 T R E AT M EN T A N D P RO G N OS IS

own

F i g .T _ D I F F E R E N C E S I N S P E C I F I C I T Y B E T W E E N C E R TA I N D R U G S

9 6 / 97

92/ 93

82/ 83

to response the in just veryone E . stimuli direct unique

08 DIAGNOSIS OF PHOBIC DISORDERS

strengthen ) , bottom. Approximately 4 0 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18.1 percent

Fig.6

of people in this age group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder.

Fig.5

07 SYMTPOMS OF PHOBIA

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

Fig.4

Fig.3

Figs. 1- 6 are APET scans of a brain showing active areas in phobic disorders; positive correlations ( activity

Fig.2

disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias ( social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobia ).

76 / 77

F i g . S _ M E C H A N I S M O F A C T I O N O F A N T I O X I D A N T S , V I TA M I N E

Fig.1

Approximately 4 0 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18.1 percent of people in this age

1 _A xon 70 / 71

62/ 63

F i g .O _ A C T I V E A R E A S O F B R A I N I N P H O B I C D I S O R D E R S

TCAs

+ + + +

neutralising its unpaired electron. For example, vitamin E binds to OO · or O2· they form an

Region 15Q 24 — Q 26 / DUP 25

ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR S

Free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl ions and nitric oxide all contain an unpaired electron.

These radicals can have a negative effect on cells causing oxidative damage that leads to cell

+ + + +

K+ P O TA S S I U M I O N C H A N N E L

death. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, prevent cell damage by binding to the free radical and

Region 17Q11.1— Q12 / 5HT Transporter

Na+

A . Amitriptyline

Na+

SODIUM ION CHANNEL

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

Region 22Q11.2 / Catechol Methyltransferase ( Comt)

Inheritance of phobia is thought to be autosomal dominant. Few genes have been implicated in phobia

06 CAUSES OF PHOBIA

DEPOLARIZ ATION REACHES AXON TERMINAL

06 CAUSES OF PHOBIA

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

ACT IO N P OT EN T I A L D EP O L A R I Z AT IO N

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

time and COMT has links with the sympathetic ner vous system, however the effect of DUP25 in this

condition, if any, is unclear.

06 CAUSES OF PHOBIA

as possible susceptibility factors. The involvement of serotonin in phobia has been known for some

and their inheritance and effect on phenotype remain unclear. A duplication on chromosome 15, DUP25,

and a polymorphism in the COMT ( catechol - O - methyltransferase ) gene and another in the upstream

R EST I N G P OT EN T I A L

region of the serotonin transporter gene ( SLC6A 4 ) which reduces transcription, have all been identified

disorder and specific phobia though about equal numbers of women and men have obsessive - compulsive

Fig.N_N ERV OUS R ES P O NS E TO PHO BI A

Fig.M_PSYC HOGEN ET IC S O F PHO BI A

to a low-frequency sinusid. The pattern moves from left to right, building up gradually with distance, and

decaying rapidly beyond the point of maximal displacement.

A M A XOPHOBIA

+ + + +

Figure C shows schematically the waveform on the BM at four successive nistants in time, in response

A M BU LO P H O B I A

06 CAUSES OF PHOBIA

PHOBIA WHEN FEAR BECOMES A DISORDER

AGYROPHOBIA

Fig. K

05 TYPES OF PHOBIA

system. Figure A illustrates the structure of the peripheral auditor y system showing the outer, middle and

44/45

4 0 / 41

Fig.K & L_ R EL AT IV E EN V ELO PE A M PLI T U D E

Fig.I

05 TYPES OF PHOBIA

The origin of sensor y phobias can be traced to a breakdown in our sensor y- processing center: the inner ear

34/ 35

Fig.I&J_T H E I N N ER E A R SY ST E M

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E N T E R I N G T H E M A G I C A L R E A L M O F T H E B E A S T S I S A R A R E T R E AT F O R T H E S E N S E S . A S W I S H O F A TA I L , T H E G A Z E O F U N B L I N K I N G E Y E S , A S I L E N T R I P P L E T H R O U G H T H E W AT E R . L I G H T F I LT E R S D O W N T H R O U G H T H E T R E E S , A N D T H E W AT E R R E S P O N D S W I T H A S P A R K L E . B R I L L I A N T S H O R T T E N D R I L S S H O O T O U T O F A N I G H T F U L L O F N O I S E S , E Y E S G L E A M I N T H E F I R S T S U N T H AT YA W N S I T S W AY PA S T C R E AT U R E S L A R G E A N D S M A L L . L A N D O R S E A , T H E J O Y I S A L L A R O U N D .

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T R E S PA S S I N G I N T O T H E D A N G E R O U S A N D E N T I C I N G G A R D E N S O F D E S I R E , A L L B L O O D R U S H E S T O T H E H E A D , T E M P O R A R I LY B L I N D I N G . T H E S K I N F E E L S S O T R A N S P A R E N T I N T H E R E D H E AT O F T H E M O M E N T. T HE BE AU T Y M A K ES A L L YOUR SEN SES S W IM W I T H PL E A SURE, Y E T I T S SECRE T S C A N CR A S H YOU IN TO A P I T O F F I R E . A B U R N I N G S E N S E O F PA S S I O N M A K E S T H E N I G H T N E V E R E N D , I T H O L D S Y O U I N I T S F I E R Y G R A S P. A L L C O N T R O L I S R E L I N Q U I S H E D , A L L C A U T I O N T H R O W N T O T H E W I N D S .

DE SE O: PE DRO A L MOD ÓVA R F I L M F E S T I VA L // C OU R SE: I N T E GR AT E D C OM M U N IC AT ION // I NS T RUC TOR : H U N T E R W I M M E R

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E N C O U N T E R S W H I C H L E AV E L A S T I N G I M P R E S S I O N S O N T H E M I N D .

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N°5

T H E L A N D O F P L E N T Y I S A R I C H , L U S T Y, P U N G E N T A N D F U L L- B O D I E D P L A C E . A S C E N T, A H I N T, A W H I F F, A S N I F F, A S M E L L , A S P E L L … E V E R Y T H I N G R E M I N D S M E O F Y O U . R I P E A P P L E S D R O P A B O U T M Y H E A D , L U S C I O U S C L U S T E R S O F T H E V I N E W E A V E T H E I R W AY A R O U N D M E . T H E TA S T E B U D S E X P L O D E W I T H T H E F I E R C E K I S S O F A C H I L E , S O O T H E D O N LY B Y T H E G E N T L E S W E E T N E S S O F T H E W I N E . T I M E A B O U N D S , T H ER E IS N O P L AC E EL S E TO BE RI G H T N OW.

I A M W H AT I E AT // C O U R S E : I N F O R M AT I O N D E S I G N // I N S T R U C T O R S : M A R K R O U D E B U S H // D I M E N S I O N S : 7.75 X 5 . 5 I N GE ORGE SL AV I K WINSTON WEIR

{ I A M W H A T I E A T } T H I S B O O K I S A V I S U A L M E M O I R T H AT C ATA L O G U E S M Y R E L AT I O N S H I P W I T H F O O D . O V E R A P E R I O D O F T H R E E W E E K S , E V E R Y M E A L W A S M E T I C U L O U S LY R E C O R D E D A N D VA R I O U S Q U A N T I T I E S TA B U L AT E D T O P R O D U C E A N E X T R E M E LY C O M P L E X A N D VA R I A N T I N F O R M AT I O N S E T. T H I S I N F O R M AT I O N W A S T H E N A N A LY Z E D T O P R O D U C E A C O M P E L L I N G S T O R Y T O L D U S I N G P H O T O G R A P H Y A N D I N F O R M AT I O N G R A P H I C S . T H E B O O K C O M E S S H R I N K - W R A P P E D F O R F R E S H N E S S .

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PROJ EC T N 째5 // I A M W H AT I E AT

D ES C EN D I N G I N TO T H E VA L L E Y O F DA R K N ES S , T H E S U R V I VA L I N S T I N C T R EI G N S S U P R EM E. E V ERY S C A R I S A T E S T I M O N Y T O A B AT T L E F O U G H T, R I G H T S L O S T A N D W O N . T H E H E A R T I S F I L L E D W I T H S O R R O W A N D T H E M E M O R I E S O F A R A V A G E D P A S T. D R E A M S S T O L E N A N D S O U L S B AT T E R E D . A N D Y E T, D E S P I T E T H E PA I N , T H E U N D I M M A B L E R AY S O F H U M A N O P T I M I S M C U T T H R O U G H T H E D A R K N E S S . W I T H E V E R Y

N째6 54

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S T E P TA K E N , T H E M I N D K N O W S T H AT T H I S T O O S H A L L PA S S . W E W I L L S U R V I V E .

SU PR I YA K A L I DA S // M FA P ORT FOL IO

{ I H A V E A D R E A M } T H I S B OX E D S E T O F P O S T C A R D S I S A N I N T E R P R E TAT I O N O F M A R T I N L U T H E R K I N G J R .’ S I H AV E A D R E A M S P E E C H I N T H E M O D E R N C O N T E X T. P H O T O G R A P H S O F VA R I O U S S T R E E T S I G N S , S E R V I C E S A N D E S TA B L I S H M E N T S N A M E D A F T E R M A R T I N L U T H E R K I N G J R . A N D L I N E S F R O M T H E S P E E C H C R E AT E T H O U G H T - P R O V O K I N G J U X TA P O S I T I O N S . T H E P I E C E A I M S T O E X A M I N E H I S L E G A C Y 4 4 Y E A R S A F T ER T HE HIS TORIC A L SPEECH WA S DELI V ERED.

I H AV E A DR E A M // C OU R S E : P U B L IC AT ION N A R R AT I V E S // I N S T RUC T OR : M IC H A E L S A I N AT O // DI M E N S ION S: 4.75 X 7 I N

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N째7

T H E S E A O F I N EQ UA L I T Y I S A M U C H T R AV EL ED R O U T E. T H E C U R R EN T S A R E S T R O N G A N D T H E S E A I S A N G R Y A N D I N H O S P I TA B L E . S T O R M S A N D G A L E S A B O U N D . M A N Y D R O W N A N D T H E R E S T F I G H T F O R T H EI R S U R V I VA L . D ES P I T E T H E O D D S , H O P E M U S T P R E VA I L . T H E S E A M U S T B E C R O S S ED, F O R AC R O S S THE SE A LIES A GLORIOUS RE A LM W HERE A LL MEN A ND WOMEN A RE EQUA L A ND JUSTICE HOLDS ITS HE AD HIGH. THE MEEK SHALL ONCE MORE INHERIT THE E ARTH.

U N I V E R S A L D E C L A R AT I O N O F H U M A N R I G H T S // C O U R S E : T Y P E 4 // I N S T R U C T O R : J E A N - B E N O I T L E V Y // D I M E N S I O N S : 17.75 X 17.75 X 21 I N

{ U N I V E R S A L D E C L A R A T I O N O F H U M A N R I G H T S } THIS T YPOGR APHICAL PIECE REORGANIZES T H E U N I V E R S A L D EC L A R ATI O N O F H U M A N R I G HTS I N T O A M O R E C O M P R E H E N S I V E V E R S I O N . I T I S A N I N T E R A C T I V E TA B L E -T O P D E V I C E , T O B E P L A C E D AT C E N T E R S O F I N T E R A C T I O N L I K E S C H O O L S , C A F É S A N D W O R K P L A C E S . T H I S I S O N E O F T H E M O S T I M P O R TA N T D O C U M E N T S O F O U R T I M E , A N D I T I S I M P E R AT I V E T H AT A D I V E R S E G R O U P O F P E O P L E A R E C U R I O U S A B O U T I T, A N D U N D E R S TA N D I T S I M P O R TA N C E .

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N째8

A S I C R O S S I N T O A N C I E N T B O H E M I A N L A N D S , I R E A L I Z E T H AT T H E M E A L I S T H E C E N T E R O F T H E H U M A N E X P E R I E N C E . AT T H E TA B L E W E A R E N O U R I S H E D A N D R E C O N N E C T E D T O T R A D I T I O N A N D N AT U R E . F O O D I S O U R C O M M O N G R O U N D , A U N I V E R S A L E X P E R I E N C E T H AT B I N D S U S . A C E N T R A L A C T I V I T Y O F M A N K I N D A N D O N E O F T H E S I N G L E M O S T S I G N I F I C A N T T R A D E M A R K S O F A C U LT U R E . A L L F O O D A N D C U I S I N E I S D E E P LY C O N N E C T E D T O M E A N I N G S Y S T E M S O F I T S PA R E N T C U LT U R E .

RU S SI A N T E A RO OM : R E -BR A N DI NG // C OU R SE: N AT U R E OF I DE N T I T Y // I NS T RUC TOR : H U N T E R W I M M E R // DI M E NSIONS: VA R IOU S

{ R U S S I A N T E A R O O M : R E - B R A N D I N G } R E - B R A N D I N G O F T H E R U S S I A N T E A R O O M , A R E S TA U R A N T I N N E W YO R K F O R A M O R E M O D E R N , YO U N G E R C L I E N T E L E . T H E S T Y L E A N D T Y P O G R A P H Y W A S I N S P I R E D B Y T H E A E S T H E T I C O F R U S S I A N C O N S T R U C T I V I S T M O V E M E N T, R E I N T E R P R E T E D W I T H A M O D E R N E D G E . T H E P R O J E C T I N C L U D E S LO G O, B U S I N E S S S Y S T E M , PA C K A G I N G , I N T E R I O R S A N D U N I F O R M S . T H E R E A R E T W O V E R S I O N S O F T H E I D E N T I T Y – A L O G O T Y P E F O R R E TA I L A N D A VA R I AT I O N F O R T H E R E S TA U R A N T.

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N째9

IN THE BUSY HUSTLE OF THE MARKETPL ACE, THE POSSIBILITIES ARE ENDLESS. A DASH, A SPL ASH, A S P R I N K L E , A S P R I T Z . A P I N C H , A S C O O P, A D R I Z Z L E , A S Q U E E Z E . T H E C U L I N A R Y M I N D I S E X C I T E D AT T H E T H O U G H T O F A B U S Y K I T C H E N . A M Y R I A D C O M B I N AT I O N S T H AT C A N M A K E T H E H E A R T S I N G A N D T H E TA S T E B U D S D A N C E . L U S C I O U S B O U N T Y F I N D S I T S W AY I N T O M Y H A N D S , S O O N T O B E T R A N S F O R M E D I N T O A S U B T L E S Y M P H O N Y.

W O R D L E S S R E C I P E S // C O U R S E : I N F O R M AT I O N D E S I G N // I N S T R U C T O R S : M A R K R O U D E B U S H // D I M E N S I O N S : 5 . 5 x 7. 5 I N GE ORGE SL AV I K WINSTON WEIR

{ W O R D L E S S R E C I P E } T H I S S E T O F C A R D S I S I L L U S T R AT E S A D E TA I L E D S T E P - BY- S T E P R E C I P E F O R A P P L E A N D B E E T S O U P W I T H O U T U S I N G A N Y W O R D S . N U M B E R S A R E T H E O N LY C H A R A C T E R S U S E D T O I N D I C AT E Q U A N T I T I E S . S T E P S I N C L U D E I N G R E D I E N T L I S T, P R E PA R AT I O N A N D T H E R E C I P E , A N D A R E I N D I C AT E D BY TA B B E D S E PA R AT O R S . T H E I N D I V I D U A L C A R D S A R E H E L D T O G E T H E R AT T H E C O R N E R F O R EASE OF USE WHILE COOKING.

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T H E R O A D L E S S T R AV E L E D L E A D S T O A B A R R E N D E S E R T L A I D W A S T E B Y FA L S E P R O M I S E S A N D G R E E D . B L AC K S M O K E S P I R A L S FR O M T H E WA S T EL A N D, A N D T H E A S H Y D U S T S E T T L ES O N T H E G R AV ES O F T H E I N N O C E N T. L I V E S C H A N G E D , S P I R I T S B R O K E N , A P E O P L E D E S T R O Y E D . G R I E F, S O R R O W A N D T H E U N S T O P PA B L E S TA C C AT O O F R I F L E F I R E A R E T H E O N LY R U L E R S O F T H I S D E S E R T L A N D . T H E H E A R T S

N째10 94

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G R O W N U M B A N D T H E M I N D S L O W LY G I V E S I N T O D E S PA I R .

SU PR I YA K A L I DA S // M FA P ORT FOL IO

{ M A S T E R S O F W A R } M A S T E R S O F W A R I S A 3 - C D C O M P I L AT I O N O F B O B DY L A N ’ S P R O T E S T S O N G S S PA N N I N G H I S L O N G A N D P R O L I F I C C A R E E R . T H E C H A L L E N G E W A S T O C R E AT E A C D PA C K A G E A N D LY R I C S I N S E R T U S I N G O N LY T Y P E . T H E R E S U LT I N G S O L U T I O N U S E S T Y P E A S I M A G E R Y. T H E C D I N S E R T D O U B L E S U P A S A P O S T E R . W H E N V I E W E D F R O M A D I S TA N C E , T H E W O R D WA R I S V I S I B L E I N T H E S T Y L E O F A STENCILLED PROTEST SIGN.

M A S T E R S OF WA R // C OU R SE: T Y P O GR A PH Y 3 // I NS T RUC TOR : BR I A N SI NGE R // DI M E NSIONS: 6 . 25 x 5 I N

101

100

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100

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BLOWIN’ IN THE WIND How many roads must a man walk down / Before you call him a man? / Yes, 'n' how many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand? / Yes, 'n' how many times must the cannon balls fly / Before they're forever banned? / The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, / The answer is blowin' in the wind. How many times must a man look up / Before he can see the sky? / Yes, 'n' how many ears must one man have / Before he can hear people cry? / Yes, 'n' how many deaths will it take till he knows / That too many people have died? / The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, / The answer is blowin' in the wind. How many years can a mountain exist / Before it's washed to the sea? / Yes, 'n' how many years can some people exist / Before they're allowed to be free? / Yes, 'n' how many times can a man turn his head, / Pretending he just doesn't see? / The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, / The answer is blowin' in the wind.

THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’

And it's a

Come gather 'round people / Wherever you roam / And admit that the waters / Around you have grown / And accept it that soon / You'll be drenched to the bone / If your time to you / Is worth savin' / Then you better start swimmin' / Or you'll sink like a stone / For the times they are a-changin'. Come writers and critics / Who prophesize with your pen / And keep your eyes wide / The chance won't come again / And don't speak too soon / For the wheel's still in spin / And there's no tellin' who / That it's namin' / For the loser now / Will be later to win / For the times they are a-changin' Come senators, congressmen / Please heed the call / Don't stand in the doorway / Don't block up the hall / For he that gets hurt / Will be he who has stalled / There's a battle outside / And it is ragin'/ It'll soon shake your windows / And rattle your walls / For the times they

hard, and it's a hard, it'sa hard, and it's a hard / And it's a hard rain's a-gonna fall. Oh, what did you see, my blue-eyed son? / Oh, what did you see, my darling young one? / I saw a newborn baby with wild wolves all around it / I saw a highway of diamonds with nobody on it / I saw a black branch with blood that kept drippin' / I saw a

are a-changin'. Come mothers and fathers / Throughout the land / And don't criticize what you can't understand / Your sons and your daughters / Are beyond your command / Your old road is rapidly agin' / Please get out of the new one / If you can't lend your hand / For the times they are a-changin'. The line it is drawn / The curse it is cast / The slow one now / Will later be fast / As the present now / Will later be past / The order is rapidly fadin' / And the first one now / Will later be last / For the times they are a-changin'.

A HARD RAIN’S A-GONNA FALL Oh, where have you been, my blue-eyed son? / Oh, where have you been, my darling young one? / I've stumbled on the side of twelve misty mountains / I've walked and I've crawled on six crooked highways / I've stepped in the middle of seven sad forests / I've been out

room full of men with their hammers a-bleedin' / saw a white ladder all covered with water / I saw

thousand talkers whose tongues were all broken / I

guns and sharp swords in the hands of young childre And it's a hard, and it's a hard, it's a hard, it's a hard it's a hard rain's a-gonna fall.

Heard ten thousand whisperin' and nobody listenin' / H person starve, I heard many people laughin' Heard the

poet who died in the gutter / Heard the sound of a cl

cried in the alley / And it's a hard, and it's a hard

hard, it's a hard / And it's a hard rain's a-g

Oh, who did you meet, my blue-eye

in front of a dozen dead oceans / I've been

did you meet, my darling young on

thousand miles in the mouth of a graveyard /

young child beside a dead pony / I

101

PROJ E C T N 째10 // M A S T E R S OF WA R

man who walked a black dog / I met a young woman whose body was burning / I met a young girl, she gave me a rainbow / I met one man who was wounded in love / I met another man who was wounded with hatred / And it's a hard, it's a hard, it's a hard, it's a hard, It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall. Oh, what'll you do now, my blue-eyed son? / Oh, what'll you do now, my darling young one? / I'm a-goin' back out 'fore the rain starts a-fallin' / I'll walk to the depths of the deepest black forest / Where the people are many and their hands are all empty / Where the pellets of poison are flooding their waters / Where the home in the valley meets the damp dirty prison / Where the executioner's face is always well hidden / Where hunger is ugly, where souls are forgotten / Where black is the color, where none is the number And I'll tell it and think it and speak it and breathe it / And reflect it from the mountain so all souls can see it / Then I'll stand on the ocean until I start sinkin' / But I'll know my song well before I start singin' / And it's a hard, it's a hard, it's a hard, it's a hard / It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall.

times where men commit crimes / And crime don't have a face / We live in a political world / Icicles hanging down / Wedding bells ring and angels sing, clouds cover up the ground. We live in a political world / Wisdom is thrown into jail / It rots in a cell, is misguided as hell / Leaving no one to pick up a trail / We live in a political world / Where mercy walks the plank / Life is in mirrors, death disappears / Up the steps into the nearest bank. We live in a political world / Where courage is a thing of the past / Houses are haunted, children are unwanted / The next day could be your last / We live in a political world / The one we can see and can feel / But there's no one to check, it's all a stacked deck / We all know for sure that it's real. We live in a political world / In the cities of lonesome fear / Little by little you turn in the middle / But you're never why you're here / We live in a political world / Under the microscope / You can travel anywhere and hang yourself there / You always got more than enough rope. We live in a political world / Turning and a'thrashing about / As soon as you're awake, you're trained to take / What looks like the easy way out / We live in a political world / Where peace is not welcome at all / It's turned away from the door to wander some more Or put up against the wall.

en / / And

Heard one song of a

lown who

d, it's a

gonna fall.

ed son? / Who e? / I met a met a white

eyes look crazy / They're a-tuggin' at your sleeve / Your baby's eyes look crazy / They're

We live in a political world / Everything is hers or his / Climb into the frame and shout God's name / But you're never sure what it is.

THE BALLAD OF HOLLIS BROWN Hollis Brown / He lived on the outside of town / Hollis Brown / He lived on the outside of town / With his wife and five children / And his cabin fallin' down You looked for work and money / And

seven breezes a-blowin' / All around the cabin door / There's seven breezes a-blowin' / All around the cabin door / Seven shots ring out / Like the ocean's pounding roar There's seven people dead / On a South Dakota farm / There's seven people dead / On a South Dakota farm / Somewhere in the distance / There's seven new people born

a-tuggin' at your sleeve / You walk the floor and wonder why / With every breath you breathe The rats have got your flour / The rats have got your

We live in a political world / Love don't have any place / We're living in

I saw

baby's

/ Bad blood it got your mare

POLITICAL WORLD

smile Your

flour / Bad blood it got your mare If there's anyone that knows / Is there anyone that cares? You prayed to the Lord above Oh please send you a friend / You prayed to the Lord above / Oh please send you a friend Your empty pockets tell yuh / That you ain't a-got no friend Your babies are crying louder / It's pounding on your brain Your babies are crying louder / It's pounding on your brain Your wife's screams are stabbin' you / Like the dirty drivin' rain

SUBTERRANEAN HOMESICK BLUES Johnny's in the basement / Mixing up the medicine / I'm on the pavement / Thinking about the government / The man in the trench coat / Badge out, laid off / Says he's got a bad cough / Wants to get it paid off Look out kid / It's somethin' you did / God knows when / But you're doin' it again / You better duck down the alley way / Lookin' for a new friend / The man in the coon-skin cap / In the big pen / Wants eleven dollar bills / You only got ten Maggie comes fleet foot / Face full of black soot / Talkin' that the heat put Plants in the bed but / The phone's tapped anyway / Maggie says that many say / They must bust in early May Orders from the D. A. / Look out kid / Don't matter what you did / Walk on your tip toes / Don't try "No Doz" Better stay away from those / That carry around a fire hose / Keep a clean nose / Watch the plain clothes / You don't need a weather man / To know which way the wind blows Get sick, get well / Hang around a ink well / Ring bell, hard to tell / If anything is goin' to sell / Try hard, get barred / Get back,

Your grass it is turning black

write braille / Get jailed, jump

/ There's no water in your

bail Join the army, if you fail /

well / Your grass is turning

Look out kid You're gonna get

black / There's no water in

hit / But users, cheaters /

your well / You spent your

Six-time losers / Hang around

last lone dollar / On seven

the theaters / Girl by the

shotgun shells

whirlpool / Lookin' for a new

Way out in the wilderness / A cold coyote calls / Way out in the wilderness / A cold coyote calls / Your eyes fix on the shotgun / That's hangin' on the wall / Your brain is a-bleedin' And your legs can't

you walked a rugged mile / You looked

seem to stand / Your brain is

for work and money / And you walked

a-bleedin' / And your legs can't seem

a rugged mile / Your children are so

to stand / Your eyes fix on the shotgun

hungry That they don't know how to

/ That you're holdin' in your hand / There's

fool / Don't follow leaders / Watch

the parkin' meters Ah get born, keep warm / Short pants, romance, learn to dance / Get

dressed, get blessed /

S A U N T E R I N G A L O N G T H E S U N N Y AV E N U E S , A H O R D E O F H I D D E N FA C E S G R E E T M E . S M I L I N G , F R O W N I N G , G R I M A C I N G , Q U E S T I O N I N G . PAT I E N T, T E N D E R , M I R T H F U L , E A G E R . E Y E S T H AT W AT C H M E A N D L I P S T H AT P O U T, B R E AT H E N E W L I F E I N T O T H E I N A N I M AT E . I S I L E N T LY G R E E T T H E M , F O R T H E Y A R E M Y F R I E N D S , M Y C O M PA N I O N S A L O N G T H E J O U R N E Y O F M Y L I F E .

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{ A T HESIS ST P O S I T IO N }

TAT E S YOU R { THESIS COMPONENTS }

{ M F A T H E S I S } A N T H E S I S P R O J E C T I S A W E I G H T Y, S E L F - D I R E C T E D P R O J E C T D R I V E N BY E X T E N S I V E

I D E N T I T Y + S TAT I O N E R Y

RESE ARCH, CRITICAL THINKING AND AN INFORMED POINT OF VIE W ON A TOPIC OF THE STUDENT’S

E X H I B I T I O N C ATA L O G

C H O I C E . I T I S A N O P P O R T U N I T Y F O R S T U D E N T S , N O T O N LY T O D E M O N S T R AT E T H E I R O W N A N A LY T I C A L

PROMOTION AL POSTERS

A N D D E S I G N S K I L L S , B U T A L S O T O E X P L O R E T H E P O W E R O F G R A P H I C D E S I G N A S A C O M M U N I C AT I O N

WEBSITE

T O O L T H AT C A N O F T E N T R A N S C E N D B A R R I E R S O F L A N G U A G E . C O N S E Q U E N T LY, T H E T O P I C S E X P L O R E D

E XHIBITION

A R E O F T E N S I G N I F I C A N T I N T E R M S O F U N I V E R S A L I M P L I C AT I O N S , Y E T A L S O D E E P LY P E R S O N A L . T H E T H E S I S P R O J E C T C U L M I N AT E S I N A V I S U A L A N D E X P E R I E N T I A L P I E C E T H AT E M B O D I E S T H E D E S I G N E R ’ S U N I Q U E V O I C E A N D P O I N T O F V I E W.

{ S H I F T I N G H O M E L A N D S } M Y T H E S I S P R O J E C T, S H I F TI N G H O M EL A N D S I S A N E X H I B I T A N D V I S U A L N A R R AT I V E T H AT U S E S T H E M E TA P H O R O F A M E R I C A N C U LT U R A L I C O N S A S A W AY T O U N D E R S TA N D A N D I N T E R P R E T A M E R I C A’ S I M M I G R A N T I D E N T I T Y. T H E E X H I B I T E X A M I N E S T H E P I V O TA L R O L E P L AY E D B Y I M M I G R A N T S I N T H E S H A P I N G O F A M E R I C A N C U LT U R E A N D W AY O F L I F E . B Y R E M I N D I N G U S T H AT A L L A M E R I C A N S A R E U N I T E D B Y A S H A R E D I M M I G R A N T H E R I TA G E , T H E E X H I B I T PAV E S T H E PAT H F O R A B E T T E R U N D E R S TA N D I N G O F A M E R I C A’ S U N I Q U E P O S I T I O N I N T H E W O R L D A S A N AT I O N O F N AT I O N S . T H E P R I M A R Y O B J E C T I V E O F T H E E X H I B I T I S T O C E L E B R AT E A M E R I C A’ S L O N G H I S T O R Y A S A N AT I O N O F I M M I G R A N T S , A N D T O PAV E T H E PAT H F O R A C O N T I N U E D C U LT U R A L E X C H A N G E B E T W E E N A M E R I C A N S A N D N E W I M M I G R A N T S , S O T H AT W E M AY C O N T I N U E T O B E T R U E T O O U R N AT I O N ’ S M O T T O, E P LU R I B U S U N U M – O U T O F M A N Y, O N E . T H E E X H I B I T I O N I S O R G A N I Z E D A R O U N D T H E T H E M E S O F F O O D , S P O R T A N D L A N G U A G E . T H E N A R R AT I V E I S C O N S T R U C T E D W I T H E M P H A S I S O N H I S T O R Y, FA C T S A N D S TAT I S T I C S A B O U T I M M I G R AT I O N I N T O A M E R I C A I N G E N E R A L , A N D S P E C I F I C A M E R I C A N C U LT U R A L I C O N S . T H I S I S A C C O M P L I S H E D U S I N G T H E M E D I U M O F I L L U S T R AT I O N , T E X T, P H Y S I C A L O B J E C T S A N D I N T E R A C T I V E D I S P L AY S . T H E P R I M A R Y TA R G E T A U D I E N C E I S A M E R I C A N S B E T W E E N T H E A G E S O F 2 0 – 4 0 . H O W E V E R , I T I S I M P O R TA N T T H AT T H E E X H I B I T B E A C C E S S I B L E T O P E O P L E O F VA R I E D S O C I A L A N D C U LT U R A L U P B R I N G I N G W H O C U R R E N T LY R E S I D E I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S .

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T H E Y H AV E C O M E FR O M A L L C O R N ER S O F T H E W O R L D, BE A R I N G N OT H I N G BU T A FE W P O S S ES S I O N S A N D A G L I M M E R O F H O P E . T H O U G H T H E F A C E S H AV E C H A N G E D O V E R T I M E , T H E R E A S O N S R E M A I N T H E S A M E – F R E E D O M , L I B E R T Y A N D O P P O R T U N I T Y. A S T H E Y C R O S S B O R D E R S T H E Y F I N D T H AT N O T O N LY I S T H E I R O W N U N D E R S TA N D I N G O F T H E M S E LV E S T R A N S F O R M E D , B U T T H AT O T H E R S ’ R E A C T I O N S T O T H E M H AV E C H A N G E D A S W E L L . W I L L T H E Y E V E R B E AT H O M E H E R E ?

111 SH I F T I NG HOM E L A N D S // C OU R SE: M FA T H E SIS // I NS T RUC TOR S: PH I L H A M L E T T // DI M E NSIONS: VA R IOU S TOM SIEU M ICH A EL SA INATO

{ S H I F T I N G H O M E L A N D S } A S T E A DY S T R E A M O F I M M I G R A N T S H A S B E E N A N I M P O R TA N T S O U R C E O F A M E R I C A’ S C U LT U R A L V I TA L I T Y A N D D I V E R S I T Y. A M E R I C A H A S S O A K E D U P I N F L U E N C E S F R O M A L L O T H E R C U LT U R E S , B U T C R E AT E D S O M E T H I N G D I S T I N C T LY A M E R I C A N , W H I C H I S A S Y N E R GY O F A L L T H E VA R I O U S C U LT U R E S W I T H I N . S H I F T I N G H O M E L A N D S C E L E B R AT E S T H I S E S S E N T I A L P R O C E S S O F C U LT U R A L G I V E A N D -TA K E T H AT H A S M A D E A M E R I C A A U N I Q U E M I C R O S C O S M O F T H E W O R L D .

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{ E X H I B I T I O N C A T A L O G } A N E W S PA P E R I S T H E M A I N D I S P E R S E R O F N E W S A N D I N F O R M AT I O N A L L O V E R T H E W O R L D. I C H O S E T H E F O R M AT O F T H E N E W S PA P E R F O R M Y E X H I B I T I O N C ATA L O G B E C A U S E O F T H I S U N I V E R S A L I T Y A C R O S S C U LT U R E S . T H E C ATA L O G I S D I V I D E D I N T O F O U R S E C T I O N S – F O O D , S P O R T, L A N G U A G E A N D P E R S O N A L S T O R I E S .

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{ W E B S I T E } T H E W E B S I T E W A S D E S I G N E D T O H AV E A S M A N Y D I F F E R E N T P E O P L E I N V O LV E D W I T H T H E P R O J E C T A S P O S S I B L E . A PA R T F R O M C R E AT I N G AWA R E N E S S A B O U T T H E P R O J E C T A N D E X H I B I T, T H E W E B S I T E A L S O I N V I T E S P E O P L E T O J O I N T H E C O N V E R S AT I O N A N D S H A R E T H E I R I M M I G R AT I O N STORIES A ND E XPERIENCES.

THE PROJECT

J O I N T H E C O N V E R S AT I O N

ABOUT US

DOWNLOADS

SUPPORT

C O N TA C T

THE PROJECT

J O I N T H E C O N V E R S AT I O N

ABOUT US

DOWNLOADS

SUPPORT

C O N TA C T

THE PROJECT

J O I N T H E C O N V E R S AT I O N

ABOUT US

DOWNLOADS

SUPPORT

THE PROJECT

C O N TA C T

THE ISSUE

J O I N T H E C O N V E R S AT I O N THE E XHIBIT

ABOUT US

DOWNLOADS

SUPPORT

C O N TA C T

SPRE AD THE WORD

THE PROJECT PROJECT SUMMARY

THE ISSUE

Shif ting Homelands is an MFA thesis project aimed at better assimilation

Know the fac t s about the histor y of immigration in Amer ic a, and lear n how you c an get involved.

and quality of life for immigrants in America by facilitating a dialogue between immigrants and Americans. While much has been said about immigration policy and reform, ver y little is said about migrants as individuals, their relationships either within their own or with the host community, their value systems or their own views about migration. When people cross borders, not only are their own understandings of themselves and their surroundings

SHIF TING HOMEL ANDS E XPLORES THE ESSENTIAL ROLE PL AYED BY IMMIGR ANTS

SHIF TING HOMEL ANDS E XPLORES THE ESSENTIAL ROLE PL AYED BY IMMIGR ANTS IN TODAY ’S AMERICAN SOCIE T Y. BY REMINDING US THAT AMERICA IS A “NATION OF

IN TODAY ’S AMERICAN SOCIE T Y. BY REMINDING US THAT AMERICA IS A “NATION OF

NATIONS”, AND THAT ALL AMERICANS ARE UNITED BY A SHARED IMMIGR ANT

Shif ting Homelands will create a platform for sharing stories and

HERITAGE, THE PROJECT AIMS FOR A BE T TER UNDERSTANDING OF IMMIGR ANT

individuals and small groups within a larger social context.

CULTURE AMONGST AMERICANS A S WELL A S TO RECONCILE THE IMMIGR ANTS’

Supported by

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RE A D MORE A BOU T T HE PROJECT