Content SR. NO.
CONTENT
SLIDE NO.
1
Acknowledgement
6
2
Executive Summary
7
3
Per- Historic
8 - 18
4
Mesopotamian
9-11
5
Greek Architecture
12
6
Egyptian Architecture
13
7
Ziggurats
14
8
Ramasees
15
9
Moses
16
10
Hellenistic Period
17
11
Harrappan or Indus Civilization
18
12
Art Deco
19-22
13
Art Nouveau
23-26
14
Romanticism
27-29
15
Realism
30-32
16
Baroque
33-36
17
Cubism
37-40
18
Futurism
41-44
19
Modern Art
45-47
20
Pop Art
48-49
21
Op Art
50
22
Expressionism
51
23
Impressionism
52
24
Futurism
53
25
Surrealism
54
26
Minimalism
55
27
Post Modernism
56
28
Hinduism
57
29
Buddhism
58
30
Jainism
59
31
Gupta Dynasty
60-62
32
Maurya’s
63-64
33
Miniature Manuscript
65
34
Mugal Manuscript
66
35
Rajputana
67
36
Deccan
68
37
Pahad
69
38
Limitions
70
39
Conclusion
71
40
Bibliography
72-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to thank Pearl Academy for providing me an opportunity and a bundle of knowledge for working through this assignment. I would like to express my heartily gratitude to my tutor Ms Suhasini mam for her great support and guidance. I would like to thank Harroop mam, for helping me with my report and guiding me through the assignment. I would also like to thank the people and specially the sights who have helped me a lot which are duly acknowledged in the assignment.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report will cover the history of interior design and art through the ancient times. It shows how style has evolved, related factors. The report also highlights the different social events that took place in different periods and took over the designing styles.
PRE HISTORIC
Introduction Mesopotamia, Greek meaning 'between two rivers’ was an ancient region in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau. The 'two rivers' of the name referred to the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers and the land was known as 'Al-Jazirah' (the island) by the Arabs referencing what Egyptologist J.H. Breasted would later call the Fertile Crescent where Mesopotamian civilization began. Mesopotamia was a collection of varied cultures whose only real bonds were their script their Gods and their attitude toward women.
Plague – Lion biting man’s neck
Sculptures Many of the extant figures in stone are votive statues, as indicated by the phrases used in the inscriptions that they often bear: “It offers prayers” or “Statue, say to my king (God)” Male statues stand or sit with hands clasped in an attitude of prayer. They are often naked above the waist and wear a woollen skirt woven in an unusual pattern that suggests overlapping petals (commonly described by the Greek word kaunakes, meaning “thick cloak”). A toga like garment sometimes covers one shoulder. Men generally wear long hair and a heavy beard, both often trimmed in corrugations and painted black. The eyes and eyebrows are emphasized with coloured inlay. The female coiffure varies considerably but predominantly consists of a heavy coil arranged Statue of Gudea vertically from ear to ear and a chignon behind. The hair is sometimes concealed by a headdress of folded linen. Ritual nakedness is confined to priests.
GREEK Architecture Historians divide Ancient Greek civilization into two eras, the Hellenic period (from around 900 BC to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC), and the Hellenistic period (323 BC to 30 AD). During the later (Hellenistic) period, Greek culture spread widely, initially as a result of Alexander's conquest of other lands, and later as a result of the rise of the Roman Empire, which adopted much of Greek culture. The second important type of building that survives all over the Hellenic world is the open-air theatre, with the earliest dating from around 350 BC.
Pillar www.ancient.eu
EGYPT Architecture For almost 30 centuries—from its unification around 3100 B.C. to its conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.—ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean world. From the great pyramids of the Old Kingdom through the military conquests of the New Kingdom, Egypt’s majesty has long entranced archaeologists and historians and created a vibrant field of study all its own: Egyptology. The picture that emerges is of a culture with few equals in the beauty of its art, the accomplishment of its architecture or the richness of its religious traditions.
Archeology virginia www.archeologyvirginia.org
Ancient Sphinx Giza hdwallpapersfactory.com
ZIGGURATS Ziggurats were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex which included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period during the fourth millennium BC. Sun-baked bricks made up the core of the ziggurat with facings of fired bricks on the outside. The facings were often glazed in different colours and may have had astrological significance.
www.google.co.in
RAMESSES Ramses born in 1303 BC; died July or August 1213 BC; reigned 1279–1213 BC), also known as Ramses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor At age fourteen, Ramses was appointed Prince Regent by his father . He is believed to have taken the throne in his late teens and is known to have ruled Egypt from 1279 BC to 1213 BC. On his death, he was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings his body was later moved to a royal cache where it was discovered in 1881, and is now on display in the Cairo Museum.
Ramesses Flikko 2.bp.blogspot.com
MOSES Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a former Egyptian prince later turned prophet, religious leader and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed. Also called Moshe Rabbenu in Hebrew he is the most important prophet in Judaism. He is also an important prophet in Christianity and Islam, as well as a number of other faiths. The existence of Moses as well as the veracity of the Exodus story are disputed among archaeologists and Egyptologists, with experts in the field of biblical criticism citing logical inconsistencies, new archaeological evidence, historical evidence, and related origin myths in Canaanite culture. Other historians maintain that the biographical details and Egyptian background attributed to Moses imply the existence of a historical political and religious leader who was involved in the consolidation of the Hebrew tribes in Canaan towards the end of the Bronze Age.
Moses Breaking the Tables of the Law
en.wikipedia.org
HELLENISTIC The Hellenistic period is the period of ancient Greek and eastern Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, archi tecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the brilliance of the Greek Classical era.
Hellenistic Art
World of Art www.google.co.in
HARRAPPAN OR INDUS CIVILIZATION One of the most fascinating yet mysterious cultures of the ancient world is the Harappan civilization. This culture existed along the Indus River in present day Pakistan. It was named after the city of Harappa which it was centred around. Harappa and the city of MohenjoDaro were the greatest achievements of the Indus valley civilization. These cities are well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout. Over one hundred other towns and villages also existed in this region. The Harappan people were literate and used the Dravidian language. Only part of this language has been deciphered today, leaving numerous questions about this civilization unanswered.
Harappan Seal www.historyforkids.org
Art Poster by Ollywood
Introduction Art Deco is also called as style modern movement in the decorative arts and Architecture that originated in the 1920s and was developed into a major style in western Europe and the United States during the 1930s. Its name was derived from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Poster by Bevis Hillier elvirabarney.files.wordpress.com DĂŠcoratifs et Industriels Modernes, held in Paris in 1925, where the style was first exhibited. Art Deco design represented modernism turned into fashion. Its products included both individually crafted luxury items and mass-produced wares, but in either case, the intention was to create a sleek and anti traditional elegance that symbolized wealth and sophistication.
History The Art Deco style, adopted by architects and designers around the world, spanned the "Roaring Twenties", the Great Depression of the early 1930s, and the years leading up to the Second World War. It suffered a decline in popularity during the late 30s and early 40s, when it began to be seen as too gaudy and ostentatious for wartime austerity, after which it quickly fell out of fashion. The first resurgence of interest in Art Deco occurred in the 1960s - coincident with the movement's affect on Pop Art - and then again in the 1980s, in line with growing interest in graphic design. The style appeared in a number of jewellery and fashion ads.
Stained in glass. www.artdecodesign.info
Glass stained www.purldeco.com
Architecture Art Deco architecture was first and foremost considered to be decorative ornamental and Brick work in Detroit beautifying. Buildings, hotels, cinemas, railway bbandm.files.wordpress.com stations, etc. were all embellished with quintessential Deco patterns like zigzags, sunbursts, Egyptian motifs and similar geometric patterns all in the name of beauty. The fact that Art Deco architectural designs were so enthusiastically adopted by architects in countries as diverse as the United Kingdom, Spain, Cuba, Indonesia, the Philippines, Argentina, Romania, Australia, New Zealand, India and Brazil, says much for the style's novel monumentality.
The blissery www.theblissery.com
Peacock by Chronoperates
Introduction
Art Nouveau, the French term for “New Art,� is a colourful movement in the arts that captivated Europe during the transition from the 19th century to the 20th century. Czech Republic This cultural movement included decorative www.czechtourism.com and applied arts, architecture, and painting during the years 1890 to 1905. The Art Nouveau movement produced new themes in architecture. Curvy lines known as curvilinear in art, asymmetrical shapes and forms, surfaces with leaf and vine decorations, and other patterns characterize Art Nouveau buildings. F. Champenois fineartamerica.com
Architecture Art Nouveau architecture was one of the great ubiquitous cultural impulses, appearing virtually throughout Europe and Scandinavia, and in America too. A very vigorous strain developed in Belgium, where Henri van de European city Velde (1863-1937) pared away the conventions www.puretravel.com of art and architecture in favour of a rather rigid floral style (his house at Uccle, 1895), while Victor Horta (1861-1947) seems to have passed the rule-book through a maze of botanical fact (the Hotel Tassel, 1892-3, and the Maison du Peuple, 1896-9 in Brussels). Horta was widely admired for his readiness to reconsider basic design problems and for the Victorian + Edwardian Eras cdn.yomadic.com fluency of his adaptations of organic principle.
Furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War. Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement, from which it emerged in stylistic respects, most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques, which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England, who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being 'honestly' constructed. It also tended to be expensive, as a fine finish, usually polished or varnished, was regarded as essential, and continental designs were usually very complex, with curving shapes that were expensive to make. It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture, which continued to be popular, with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive "art furniture" category.
www.custommade.com
Victoria Culture www.cv.vic.gov.au
Introduction Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and the natural sciences. Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, its longterm effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant.
The three Fates www.oilpaintingfactory.com
Romanticism was a literary movement that swept through virtually every country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America that lasted from about 1750 to 1870. Romanticism's essential spirit was one of revolt against an established order of things-against precise rules, laws, dogmas, and formulas that characterized Classicism in general and late18th-century Neoclassicism in particular
Titanic Bottle www.kingsacademy.com
REALISM
Mona Lisa germotte.ca
Still Life www.danielchiriac.com
Realism naturalism in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. The realism art movement in painting began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution. The realist painters rejected Romanticism, which had come to dominate French literature and art, with roots in the late 18th century.
Realism in Asia opencontours.files.wordpress.com
Socialist Realism Habits www.marxists.org
Art Realism is the very precise, detailed and accurate representation in art of the visual appearance of scenes and objects. Realism in this sense is also called naturalism, mimesis or illusionism. had ever seen in real life. In 19thcentury Realism art movement painters such as Courbet are by no means especially noted for precise and careful depiction of visual appearances; in Courbet's time that was more often a characteristic of Academic painting, which very often depicted with great skill and care scenes that were contrived and artificial, or imagined historical scenes.
Nocturne: Blue and GoldOld Battersea Bridge en.wikipedia.org
BAROQUE
Introduction The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.
The Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
en.wikipedia.org.jpg
Aeneas flees burning Troy, Federico Barocci, 1598.
en.wikipedia.org.jpg
Paintings A defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting is provided by the series of paintings executed by Peter Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris in which a Catholic painter satisfied a Catholic patron, Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of space and movement. The later Baroque style gradually gave way to a more decorative Rococo.
Still-life, by Josefa de Ă“bidos, c.1679,SantarĂŠm, Portugal, Municipal Library
en.wikipedia.org4.jpg
Caravaggio, The Crowning with Thorns
en.wikipedia.org
Sculptures In Baroque sculpture, groups of figures assumed new importance and there was a dynamic movement and energy of human. Baroque sculpture often had multiple ideal viewing angles.
Stanislas Kostka on his deathbed by Pierre Le Gros the Younger. en.wikipedia.jpg
CUBISM
Introduction Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. The term is broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris during the 1910s and extending through the 1920s. The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of threedimensional form in the late works of Paul CĂŠzanne.
Picaso Pablo – Self Portrait 3.bp.blogspot.com
Art In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.
Pablo Picasso’s Portrait www.redbubble.com
Architecture Cubism formed an important link between early 20th-century art and architecture. Architectural interest in Cubism centered on the dissolution and reconstitution of threedimensional form, using simple geometric shapes, juxtaposed without the illusions of classical perspective. Diverse elements could be superimposed, made transparent or penetrate one another, while retaining their spatial relationships.
Introduction Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the aero plane and the industrial city. It was largely and Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, etc.
Rendering based on Antonio Sant’Elia
Architecture In an early-20th century form of architecture born in Italy, characterized by strong chromaticism, long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism: it was a part of futurism, an artistic movement founded by the poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who produced its first manifesto in 1909. The movement attracted not only poets, musicians, and artists. A cult of the machine age and even a glorification of war and violence were among the themes of the Futurists.
Perspective drawings
MODERN ART
1870-1970
History Modern Art includes artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts, towards abstraction is characteristic of much modern art.
Starry night pixgood.com
The pioneers of modern art were Romantics, Realists and Impressionists. By the late 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: post-Impressionism as well as Symbolism.
The Scream en.wikipedia.jpg
POP ART Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art.
Andy-Warhol-Marilyn www.saatis.jpg
Eduardo Paolozzi en.wikipedia.jpg
Roy Lichtenstein's Drowning Girl (1963) on display at the Museum of Modern Art, New York en.wikipedia.jpg
OP ART Op art, also known as optical art, is a style of visual art that makes use of optical illusions. Op art works are abstract, with many of the better known pieces made in black and white. When the viewer looks at them, the impression is given of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrations, patterns, or alternatively, of swelling or warping. It worked with positive negative spaces.
My little Pony alittlezombie.deviantart.com
EXPRESSIONISM Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionist artists sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical reality.
Vincent van Gogh blog.paperblanks.com
IMPRESSIONISM Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists. Impressionist painting characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. The development of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by analogous styles in other media that became known as impressionist music and impressionist literature.
Wheat fields with crows By, Vincent van Gogh www.ezmuseum.com
FAUVISM Fauvism is the style of "the wild beasts", a loose group of early twentieth-century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism. While Fauvism as a style began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only a few years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and AndrÊ Derain.
HENRI MATISSE - Madame Matisse' www.artyfactory.com
SURREALISM Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings. The aim was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality.“ Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; however, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artefact. Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important centre of the movement was Paris.
Salvador Dali: The Father of Surrealistic Art www.mibba.com/
MINIMALISM Minimalism in the arts began in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Minimalist compositions are sometimes known as systems music. The term "minimalist" often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has also been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett.
Grant Wiggins www.wiggz.com
POST MODERNISM Post modernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure from modernism. Post modernism includes sceptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and criticism. It is often associated with deconstruction and poststructuralism because its usage as a term gained significant popularity at the same time as twentieth-century post-structural thought. It has been applied to a host of movements, many in art, music, and literature, that reacted against tendencies in modernism.
Post Modernism http://i.imgur.com/
HINDUSIM Unlike other organized religions, in Hinduism, it is not mandatory for a person to visit a temple. Since all Hindu home usually have a small shrine or ‘puja room’ for daily prayers, Hindus generally go to temples only on auspicious occasions or during religious festivals. Hindu temples also do not play a crucial role in marriages and funerals, but it is often the meeting place for religious discourses as well as ‘bhajans’ and ‘kirtans’.
Akshardham Temple, South Delhi www.crystalinks.com
BUDDHISM Buddhism is a nontheistic religion that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha, meaning "the awakened one". According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. .
Standing Statue en.wikipedia.org
JAINISM Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of ahimsa— nonviolence—towards all living beings, and emphasises spiritual interdependence and equality between all forms of life. Practitioners believe that nonviolence and selfcontrol are the means by which they can obtain liberation. Ascetism is thus a major focus of the Jain faith. The three main principles of Jainism are Ahimsa (Nonviolence), Anekantavada (Non-Absolutism) and Aparigraha (Non-Possessiveness).
The symbol of Jainism en.wikipedia.org
GUPTA EMPIRE The Gupta period is generally regarded as a classic peak of north Indian art for all the major religious groups. The two great centres of sculpture were Mathura and Gandhara, the latter the centre of Greco-Buddhist art. Both exported sculpture to other parts of northern India. The most famous remaining monuments in a broadly Gupta style, the caves at Ajanta, Elephanta, and Ellora were in fact produced under later dynasties, but largely reflect the monumentality and balance of Guptan style.
Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Keshi en.wikipedia.org
Ajanta and Ellora Caves www.flickr.com
Ajanta and Ellora Caves www.asiaurangabad.in
Khajuraho – sculptures
midlifecrisisgapyear.wordpress.com/
midlifecrisisgapyear.files.wordpress.com/
www.allindiatravelsinfo.com/cities/khajuraho.html
MAURYAS The period marked a second transition to use of brick and stone, wood was still the material of choice. Kautilya in the Arthashastra advises the use of brick and stone for their durability. Yet he devotes a large section to safeguards to be taken against conflagrations in wooden buildings indicating their popularity. Many stupas like those at Sanchi, Sarnath and probably Amaravati were originally built as brick and masonry mounds during the reign of Ashoka. Unfortunately they were renovated many times, which leaves us with hardly a clue of the original structures.
Sachi Stupa 167.206.67.164
This period marked an imaginative and impressive step forward in Indian stone sculpture; much previous sculpture was probably in wood and has not survived. The elaborately carved animal capitals surviving on from some Pillars of Ashoka are the best known works, and among the finest, above all the Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath that is now the National Emblem of India. Court art is represented by the pillars and their capitals. Popular art is represented by the works of the local sculptors like chauri (whisk)-bearer from Didarga.
Single Lion capital at Vaishali en.wikipedia.org
MINIATURE MANUSCRIPT The word miniature, derived from the Latin minium, red lead, is a picture in an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript; the simple decoration of the early codices having been miniated or delineated with that pigment. The generally small scale of the medieval pictures has led secondly to an etymological confusion of the term with minuteness and to its application to small paintings especially portrait miniatures, which did however grow from the same tradition and at least initially use similar techniques.
Miniature of the Trojan Horse, from the Vergilius Romanus en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature
MUGAL The Mughal period in Indian history had seen widespread cultural development, especially in the field of miniature paintings. These paintings are like binocular through which we can see the Medieval history of India. The introduction of new technique in the field of architect was also owns a noteworthy page in the history of India; but the painting come in fore. As it was rooted in a diverse mix of cultural, religious and artistic traditions, the art of miniature paintings in India became one of the richest and most productive schools. This spell of the art had carved out its own place in the history of Islamic art, too.
Abul Fazl Presenting Akbarnama upload.wikimedia.org
RAJPUTANA Rajput painting, also known as Rajasthani Painting, is a style of Indian painting, evolved and flourished in the royal courts of Rajputana, India. Each Rajput kingdom evolved a distinct style, but with certain common features. Rajput paintings depict a number of themes, events of epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Krishna’s life, beautiful landscapes, and humans. The colours were extracted from certain minerals, plant sources, conch shells, and were even derived by processing precious stones. Gold and silver were used. The preparation of desired colours was a lengthy process, sometimes taking weeks. Brushes used were very fine.
Raj put King www.tarangarts.com
DECCANI Deccani painting denotes broadly the miniature paintings rendered from the 16th to the 19th century at Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Golkonda and Hyderabad, the former states that formed the region known as Deccan. Besides a distinct geographical identity, Deccan had its own distinction in art, culture, dramatics, linguistics, social values, costumes, religious beliefs, thoughts and ideas. The style and themes in Deccani miniatures, are an amalgamation of various art elements and influences, especially the elements of early indigenous art traditions of the Deccan and the Islamic idiom of Iran, Persia and Turkey.
Ragini Pathamsika, Bijapur/Ahmadnagar, circa 1595 A.D., National Museum, New Delhi indiapicks.com
PAHADI Pahari painting (literal meaning a painting from the mountainous regions, pahar means a mountain in Hindi) is an umbrella term used for a form of Indian painting, originating from Himalayan Hill kingdoms of North India, during 17th-19th century. Notably Basohli, Mankot, Nurpur, Chamba, Kangra, Guler, Mandi, and Garhwal, and was done mostly in miniature form.
Nala-Damayanti theme, from the Mahabharata in Pahari style en.wikipedia.org/
LIMITATIONS • Lack of books is the major limitation for. • Other limitation is covering maximum topics in less time. • Referencing of images was a major task. Lastly, I enjoyed making the report as I like history.
CONCLUSION By the end of this report, I have gathered information related to various architectural styles, concepts and arts of different times throughout history. This information can further be used in different projects to make outstanding designs. I can now relate different paintings and styles to different periods which will help me in styling a space in a different way.
BIBLIOGRAPHY •https://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&site=&source=hp&q=wikipedia&oq= weki&gs_l=hp.1.0.0i10j0l2j0i10l6j0.225258.228964.0.230729.10.8.2.0.0.0.142.972.1j7.8. 0.msedr...0...1c.1.60.hp..2.8.732.0.bDnL_23oQWc •https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl • http://i0.wp.com/www.danielchiriac.com/casavada/paintings/still_life-realismfine_art-oil_painting-bookshelf.jpg •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_Mesopotamia#mediaviewer/File:Statue_Gudea_M et_59.2.jpg •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses#mediaviewer/File:Rembrandt__Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg •http://opencontours.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/marketplace.jpg •http://i0.wp.com/www.danielchiriac.com/casavada/paintings/still_life-realism-fine_artoil_painting-bookshelf.jpg •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_Mesopotamia#mediaviewer/File:Nimrud_ivory_li on_eating_a_man.jpg
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