CLEANSE Surambika Pradhan
How do we clean the inland water to produce all of aquaculture needs and possibly more? Main aim:
Clean Water for Farming
Main output: Aquaculture for Chicago and Illinois
IX
The Concept
Design
- Goal - Phasing - Chicago River History - Water Calculations
- Remediation Phasing - Program Phasing - Plan - Section - View - Bridges
Visualization
The Evolved Maps - Possible Extension - New Waterways
The Distribution Network
Crop Information - Crop Selection - Crop Area Calculation - Farming Techniques - Fish Advisory
Phase I & II: Remediation and Protection - Precedent - Phase I: Chemical Remediation - Phase I: Biological Remediation - Phase II: Permeable Reactive Barrier
The Economy
Surambika Pradhan
- Food Production Towers - Chicago River Analysis - Calumet Area Analysis - Available Area - Available Area Chicago River - Available Area Calumet Area - Chicago Waterways Characteristics
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Cleanse Index
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Goals
IX
CLEAN
the Superfund Sites along the Chicago Waterways.
future contamination.
FARM
Surambika Pradhan
PREVENT
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Phasing
CHEMICAL REMEDIATION
BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
Chemical Precipitation Ion Exchange Carbon Absorption Chemical Oxidation Surfactant Enhanced Recovery
Bioaugmentation Bioventing Biosparging Bioslurping Phytoremediation
POLLUTED
PROTECT
PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS
CLEAN
Surambika Pradhan
REMEDIATE
FARM
LANDSCAPE
LANDSCAPE FARMING
LANDSCAPE FARMING RECREATION
FARMED
Scenario 5: Cleanse
The Concept: River History
1803
Surambika Pradhan
1673 1780
1800
1803 1848
Louis Jolliet & Jacques Marquet discover Chicago Portage Jean Baptiste Point du Sable establishes the mouth of the Chicago River The river was crucial for developing Chicago as major lumber and meatpacking district The U.S. Army constructs Ft. Dearborn near the mouth of the Chicago River Illinois and Michigan Canal opens and
The Great Chicago Fire
much higher rate
1871
1910
1900
SS Eastland Disaster
North Shore Channel built
The Chicago River is completely reversed
World’s Columbian Exposition
1915
Calumet Sag Channel-Blue Island built
1893
1922
Channel of South Branch built Cleaning Campaign started by Mayor Daley
1928 1990
The Chicago Flood
1992
Chicago River overly polluted giving rise to health problems
1893
1893
1871
1992
1915
IX
1673
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Calculations AQUACULTURE FOR CHICAGO POPULATION: Numbers to feed residents each year, excluding animals and relative fodder. Calculation Population: 10,000 people -> 3.7 Hectares Chicago Population: 2,700,000 people -> 1004 Hectares
Surambika Pradhan
Chicago’s inland water area is 6,899.4 Hectares Chicago’s area is 60,610 Hectares Chicago River: 6099 Hectares Lake Calumet: 0.4 Hectares Calumet River: 800 Hectares
Chicago waters can satisfy the aquaculture need of 6.8 times the current population.
River (Contaminated) River Superfund Sites Industrial Corridor
SCALE
0
1
2
4
AQUACULTURE: Area required to feed 2.7 million = 1,004 Hectares Area of Calumet RIver = 800 Hectares Area of Lake Calumet = 0.4 Hectares Total Area = 800.4 Hectares
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Calumet Area Analysis
IX
Surambika Pradhan
AQUACULTURE: Area required to feed 2.7 million = 1,004 Hectares Area of Chicago River = 6099 Hectares
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Chicago River Analysis
IX
Surambika Pradhan
Inland Water Area: 6899.4 HA
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Food Towers
IX
If we grew all the food on the mentioned area, we would be able to feed 4% of Chicago population.
Surambika Pradhan
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Available Area Problems in using Chicago Inland Water to the fullest: - No space for Water Taxis - No space for River Tours - No way of disposal for Industry - No space for existing Recreation
RIVER
Surambika Pradhan
Revised Area, taking in consideration - Space for Water Taxi, boats, kayaks, barges - Heavily Polluted Water - Water Taxi stops - Disposal Area - Areas withing the jurisdiction of City of Chicago Chicago River: Length: 1,76,000 m Area: 704 hectares Width: 40 m Calumet River: Length: 25,400 m Area: 101.6 hectares Width: 40 m
Total Area: 805.6 hectares
RIVER
CLEANING/FARMING
CLEANING/FARMING
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Available Area Chicago River
Surambika Pradhan
River Area
Chicago River: Length: 2,51,000 m Area: 6099 hectares Width: 243 m
Available Area
Chicago River: Length: 1,76,000 m Area: 702 hectares Width: 40 m
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Available Area Lake Calumet-Calumet River
Surambika Pradhan
River Area
Calumet River: Length: 35,400 m Area: 800 hectares Width: 226 m
Available Area
Calumet River: Length: 25,400 m Area: 101.6 hectares Width: 40 m
IX
A slope built leading into water, used for launching and landing boats and ships or for building and repairing them.
A harbor or haven, is a body of water where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormy weather, or else are stored for future use.
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Waterways Characteristics
It is easy to put barrier at in the Slip and use it for farming.
SLIPS
HARBORS
A turning basin or is a wider body of water, either located at the end of a ship canal or in a port to allow cargo ships to turn and reverse their direction of travel, or to enable long narrow barges in a canal to turn a sharp corner.
A stream bank or river bank is the terrain alongside the bed of a river, creek, or stream. Stream banks are of vial geography.
Turning Basins provide for huge area for farms and are surrounded by infrastructure which can be utilized as well.
TURNING BASINS
River banks’ terrain can be manipulated to acsimultaneously.
BANKS
Surambika Pradhan
Harbors in Chicago are used to store boats and yatchs for most of the year. These areas, however are way bigger than necessary and the extra space can be used for farming.
IX
was constructed over the North Branch near the present day Kinzie Street in 1832. A second bridge, over the South Branch near Randolph Street, was added in 1833.
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Chicago Water Characteristics
across the main stem at Dearborn Street in 1834. Today, the Chicago River has 38 movable bridges spanning it, down from a peak of 52 bridges. These bridges are of
The Bridges can be built with provisions to farm, collect, observe and market the intact while building around them.
BRIDGES
Surambika Pradhan
bascule, Scherzer rolling lift, swing bridges, and vertical lift bridges.
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Crop Selection
IX
Surambika Pradhan
IX
- Grown in water - No necessity of land - Production and Processing is easy - Distribution network can be established easily
Shrimp
Tilapia
Why exclude everything
Seaweed
- Cannot be grown in water
AQUACULTURE FOR CHICAGO POPULATION: Numbers to feed residents each year: Calculation Population: 10,000 people -> 3.7 Ha
Tilapia: 17.9 Hectares 7,338.9 Cubic Metres
Chicago Population: 2,700,000 people -> 1004 Ha Salmon: 42.4 Hectares 4,738.4 Cubic Metres Shrimp: 927.9 Hectares Cubic Metres Seaweed: 15.8 Hectares Cubic Metres
Tilapia
Shrimp
Salmon Seaweed
Surambika Pradhan
Salmon
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Farm Area Calculation
Chicago River
IX
North/South Branches of the Chicago River, North Shore Channel, Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal
AQUACULTURE
FISH ADVISORY
Species and Meal Frequency
Carp
Largemouth Bass
Sunfish
Less than 12" 6 meals/year -orLarger than 12" Do Not Eat Contaminant - PCBs
All Sizes 1 meal/month Contaminants - PCBs
All Sizes 1 meal/week Contaminant - PCBs
Illinois Fish Advisory | Calumet River
Calumet River System
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Cook County
Calumet River, Cal Sag Channel, Little Calumet River (from Cal Sag Channel to the Calumet River)
CHICAGO RIVER
Cook County Species and Meal Frequency Carp
All Sizes 1 meal/month Contaminant - PCBs
Less than 12" 1 meal/month - or Larger than 12" Do Not Eat Contaminant - PCBs
Sunfish
Yellow Bass
All Sizes 1 meal/week Illinois Fish Advisory | Lake Calumet Contaminant - PCBs
CALUMET RIVER
Lake Calumet Cook County
Less than 8" 1 meal/month -orLarger than 8" 6 meals/year Contaminant - PCBs
Species and Meal Frequency Carp
Largemouth Bass
All Sizes 1 meal/month Contaminant - PCBs
Less than 14" 1 meal/week - or Larger than 14" 1 meal/month Contaminants - PCBs
LAKE CALUMET
Surambika Pradhan
Black Bass
EAST CALCUTTA WETLANDS
SIZE: 12500 Hectares QUALITY: Water Remediation, Hydroponics, Traditional
Surambika Pradhan
NAME: EAST CALCUTTA WETLANDS DATE OF OPERATION: 2010 LOCATION: Calcutta, India
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Precedent
IX
CHEMICAL REMEDIATION (for both Land and Water) .
Chemical Precipitation - Cleans out Heavy Chemicals
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Chemical Remediation
IX
Ion Exchange - Uses Zeolites to break down particles Carbon Absorption - Absorbs Organic contaminants
Surfactant Enhanced Recovery - Cleans the dense, non-aqueous contaminants
IN SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION - 2 Wells: 1 for injecting Oxidants, other for - The wells are essentially capillaries which are 2-4 cm - The wells are 0.6-1.2 m apart
Surambika Pradhan
Chemical Oxidation - Uses Wells to inject oxidants to
BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION: Bioaugmentation - Increases enzymes concentration to increase contaminant degradation
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Biological Remediation
IX
Bioventing - Degrades the absorbed fuel residuals Biosparging - Degrades petroleum constituents below water table
Phytoremediation - Absorbs contaminants over time
PHYTOREMEDIATION - Can be left on the water surface to absorb contaminants over time - Common plants used are: Water Hyacinth, Chinese Ladder Fern, Cottonwood, Indian Mustard - Seaweed can also be used
Surambika Pradhan
Bioslurping - Lifts the top layer of water table
PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS Chemical Barriers - Zerovalents Ions, Zeolites
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Barrier Protection
IX
Biological Barriers - Peat Moss Can also be used for disparging nutrients in to the water
Surambika Pradhan
IX
EXISTING
TOPOGRAPHY
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Remediation Phasing
WATERLINE INCREASE
CHEMICAL REMEDIATION
BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
PHYSICAL BARRIER
Surambika Pradhan
IX
LANDSCAPE
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Program Phasing
FARMING
MARKET
RESEARCH
Surambika Pradhan
IX
FARMS
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Design: Plan
NATURAL FILTER
FOR
O B S E R V AT I O N DECK FOR PUPLIC
RESEARCH
PARK
Surambika Pradhan
PATH WAY PUBLIC
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Design: Section
Surambika Pradhan
BUILDING
RECREATION
FILTRATION
FARMING
RIVER
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
View
RESEARCH
PUBLIC PATHWAY Surambika Pradhan
O B S E R V AT I O N DECK FOR PUPLIC
PARK
NATURAL FILTER
FARM
IX
MARKET RESEARCH
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Bridges
COLLECTION PROCESSING
O B S E R V AT I O N DECK FOR PUPLIC
NATURAL FILTER
FARMS
Surambika Pradhan
ROAD FOR PUBLIC
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
New Waterways To accomodate all of the required Aquaculture, new waterways can be created in the highlighted areas. These areas have: - Vacant Lots - Lack of Waterways - Polluted Areas/ Superfund Sites
Surambika Pradhan
Creating new Lakes/Waterways are going to - Aquaculture - Cleaner Water - Increase Industry - Increase Employment - Increase Green spaces
River (Contaminated) River Superfund Sites Industrial Corridor Vacant Lot Possible Sites for Extension
SCALE
0
1
2
4
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Evolved Map
Surambika Pradhan
River Superfund Sites Food Deserts
SCALE
0
1
2
4
IX
DECENTRALIZED LOWTECH
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Distribution Network
DIRECT ON-SPOT MARKETS (FARM TO CONSUMER) Surambika Pradhan
INDIRECT WATER TRANSPORT MARKETS (FARM TO OTHER MARKETS TO CONSUMER)
MARKETS
IX
$$$ $$ $$$ $
Operation Cost - Electricity - Fingerlings - Food for Fish - Heat - Property Tax - Sewer Tax - Insurance - Miscellaneous - Labor
$$ $ $ $$$ $$ $ $$$ $$ $$
New Slips Cost - Barricading - Digging - Water Pumping
$$$ $$ $$$
Savings - Transport - Import - Export
$$$ $$$ $$$
NAME
SALMON
TILAPIA
SHRIMP
SEAWEED
PRODUCTION COST
0.75/LB
0.74/LB
2.25/LB
0.25/LB
MARKET COST
6.50/LB
4.00/LB
7.00/LB
1.85/LB
ORGANIC MARKET COST
10.00/LB
6.50/LB
14.85/LB
4.35/LB
Surambika Pradhan
Filtration Cost - Chemical Filtration - Biological Filtration - Barrier Installation - Maintenance
Scenario 5: Cleanse
Economy
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Advantages of Eating Fish
vs.
ECONOMY
BEEF
PORK
CHICKEN
AREA
17-42 HA
115.6 HA
34 HA
38 HA
GROWING CYCLE
52 weeks
52 - 104 weeks
25 weeks
9 weeks
TEMPERATURE
10°C - 35°C
-18°C - 30°C
15.5°C - 21°C
20°C - 34°C
MARKET COST
$4.00-7.00/lb
$9.99 /lb
$9.00 /lb
$4.99 /lb
PRODUCTION COST
$0.75 /lb
$0.70 /lb
$0.40 /lb
0.80 /lb
FAT CONTENT
6%
46%
16%
20%
CHOLESTEROL
16%
26%
19%
26%
PROTEIN
46%
28%
40%
50%
CALORIES
29/ lb
73/ lb
114/ lb
48/ lb
HEALTH
Surambika Pradhan
FARMING
FISH
IX Scenario 5: Cleanse
Surambika Pradhan