Let’s talk about the Earth
The crust of the Earth • The Earth’s crust is made up of rocks. And rocks are made up of minerals.
Rocks are…… • In geology, a rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals.
Granite: contains 75% feldspar, 20% quartz, and 5% mica
Examples of Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone
Gypsum
Limestone
Conglomerate
Examples of Metamorphic Rocks Schist
Gneiss
Slate
Examples of Igneous Rocks Granite
Scoria
Pumice
Obsidian
Mineral definiDon is like a……
Mineral Criteria 1. It’s natural 2. It’s inorganically formed.
Criteria conDnued 3. It`s solid at standard temp and pressure. 4. It has the same chemical composiDon. 5. The order of atoms that make up the substance produce a geometric paLern = crystaline structure.
How abundant are they? There are more than 3,500 minerals idenDfied New minerals are being found every year
Periodic Table • 8 elements account for 98% of Earth’s crust • These elements combine to form minerals Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium
O Si Al Fe Ca Na K Mg
Why are rocks so important?
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Rocks are natural resources, which give us...
• Materials for building …………………….. • Materials for jewlery
• Materials for fuel ………………………………. • Materials for poLery ……………… • Materials for industry
Give examples
• For ……………………..??????????? • For ……………… ……………. ??????????? • For ………………??????????? • For …………………………. … ??????????? • For ………………... ???????????
• For ……………………..Limestone, sandstone • For ……………… …………….gold, diamonds • For ………………Coal & Petrol • For …………………………. … Clay • For ………………... Gypsum (building plaster)
Where can I find gold? What to look for finding gold?
hLp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAfy-‐Nq-‐aX0
• How to and where to find Gold • How to detect gold nugets
The fool´s gold vs gold
How are pyrate and gold different • if you look at its "streak" -‐ that is, the colour it writes when you draw with it on a piece of rough porcelain, you will surprise. It writes grayish-‐black instead of yellow like the real gold.
IdenDfying rocks nearby • • • • • •
LocaDon: Type of rock: Colour: Grain Size: Grain shape: Other coments:
Examples Â
Arenisca Sandstone
I.E.S Universidad Laboral
Gneis Gneiss
Escultura exposición Laboral Decoration and art
Mármol Marble
Mosaico paseo Begoña Decoration (mosaic) in the Paseo de Begoña
CONCLUSSION
Every Rock Tells A Story
Rock classificaDon J Rocks are classified by mineral and chemical composiDon, by the texture of the consDtuent parDcles and by the processes that formed them. These indicators separate rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. They are further classified according to parDcle size. The transformaDon of one rock type to another is described by the geological model called the rock cycle. • hLp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)
Each rock generate others rocks
Rocks have been used for
Gypsum is used for covering ceilings
Clay is used for making ceramic
Slate is used for covering roofs
Chalk is used as chalk on the blackboard
Limestone and dolomite are used for building very important edifices such as The Houses of Parliament
Pumice is used for removing calluses
Quartz is used in clock mechanism Designing jewels and jewellery
on gem stones
Granite is what Mount Rushmore is made of Aerial view of hidden chamber: http://www.flashearth.com/? lat=43.879083&lon=-103.459281&z=19.2&r=88&src=msa
Limestone is used for building or enjoy nature
NOW YOU Try to tell the story of these rocks
Clay
Shale Â
Limestone Â
Granite Â
Schists Â
Obsidiane Â
hLp://www.slideshare.net/ sciencepowerpointcom/name-‐that-‐ mineral-‐quiz-‐earth-‐science-‐lesson-‐ powerpoint-‐geology-‐minerals
IDENTIFYING MINERALS
Mineral IdenDficaDon
Based on physical and chemical traits
Physical properDes • Colour: some minerals always have the same colour (e.g. Gold). Others such as Quartz has a lot of different colours (red, amethyst, yelow, white, pink, etc.) • Luster: or how shiny it looks (silver has a metallic luster and pure quartz has a glassy luster) • Streak colour: This is the true colour of a mineral and you get it when a mineral is rubbed on a porcelain plate • Hardness: or How hard is a mineral? (The Mohs hardness scale uses numbers to describe hardness)
Mohs Mineral Hardness Scale Softest 1) Talc 2) Gypsum 3) Calcite 4) Flourite 5) ApaDte 6) Feldspar 7) Quartz 8) Topaz 9) Corundum 10) Diamond Hardest
1
5
9
2 6
3 7
4
8
10