OARWEED ODYSSEY

Oarweed Odyssey

Scottish Kelp Provides Clues to Climate Change The BBC reports that experts from Heriot-Watt University, in Orkney, Scotland, have discovered kelp off the coasts of Scotland, Ireland and France that has survived for 16,000 years since the last ice age. Analyzing the genetic composition of oarweed from 14 areas across the northern Atlantic Ocean, they found three distinct genetic clusters and hope the discovery will show how marine plant life survives extreme changes in climate. Their findings were published in the European Journal of Phycology. Marine ecologist Dr. Andrew Want says that oarweed populations from Kirkwall Bay managed to hang on and survive amid dramatic changes: “As the ice sheets retreated from northern European shorelines at the end of the most recent ice age, oarweed distribution followed and recolonized [in] the higher latitudes of the Atlantic. Kelp plays a critical role in the Atlantic, so it is important to understand what affects its distribution and survival over time and how sensitive it is to change.”

Molecular ecologist Dr. Joao Neiva, from Portugal’s University of Algarve Centre of Marine Sciences, says, “Our study shows how marine organisms adjust to shifting climates by migrating polewards and even across the Atlantic, when conditions are favorable.”

Gas Blasters

Record Methane Emissions Driven by Agriculture and Fossil Fuels

A worldwide inventory of methane sources reported by researchers online in Environmental Research Letters reveals that atmospheric levels of the heat-trapping greenhouse gas are at an all-time high.

Africa and Asia are seen as major contributors due to increasing agriculture activity. Increasing fossil fuel use and landfill waste also heighten emissions in China and the United States.

Science News reports that methane “is one of the most important greenhouse gases—arguably the second-most important after CO2,” according to atmospheric scientist Alexander Turner. Methane can trap approximately 30 times as much heat as the same amount of CO2. Possible solutions include strategies to moderate pollution such as consuming less meat to cut down on emissions from cattle ranches and using aircraft or satellites to find gas pipeline leaks. In 2017, human activities discharged about 364 million metric tons of methane into the atmosphere, compared with 324 million tons per year on average in the early 2000s. About half of the increase was the result of expanding agriculture and landfills, while the rest came from fossil fuels. Emissions from natural sources such as wetlands held steady.

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