Bachelor Thesis | Czech Republic Embassy in Addis Ababa.

German University in Cairo Architecture and Urban Design Program Bachelor Thesis | Spring 2019

Sara Nagy Halawa

EMBASSY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

German University in Cairo | Architecture and Urban Design Program Architecture and Building Technology

Bachelor Thesis: EMBASSY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC | ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Author GUC ID No.

Sara Nagy Bakr Mohamed Halawa 37-2683

Supervisor

Assoc. Prof. Thomas Loeffler German University in Cairo

External Examiner

Prof. Dr. Vicente Iborra Pallares Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Alicante

Examination Date

28/29.05.2019

Submission Date:

20.06.2019

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German University in Cairo | Architecture and Urban Design Program Architecture and Building Technology

This is to certify that: 1. this thesis comprises only my original work towards the Bachelor Degree 2. due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used

Signature of the Author of this Bachelor Thesis 20.06.2019

3

Contents

1. Introduction Task Design Aim Urban Situation Program

05 06 07 08

2. Design References . a. Analysis of Design Conditions.

Historical, Cultural and Social Aspects Environmental Analysis Site and Context Analysis b. Significant References for Elaboration.

Cultural Reference Conceptual Reference

09 10 11 15 17 20 21 22

3. Project Design a. Problem Definition b. Conceptual development c. Final Proposal

24 25 28 38

4. Critical review on work and process

59

5. Conclusion and recommendations

61

6. References List of figures Bibliography

63 64 69

7. Appendix Project presentation sheets Model photos

71 72 78 4

Introduction

Introduction Task.

Design Aim. Urban Situation.

Program.

5

Introduction

Task The task is about designing the Czech Republic complex in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.

The embassy complex should express an adequate level of state representation. It should reflect on the Czech architecture within the European context of cultural heritage.

Taking into consideration the environmental conditions and the general conditions of the site while fulfilling the requirements needed for the performance and functionality.

Sticking to the typological features of the purpose built buildings needed for diplomatic missions.

The architectural design should meet a high quality of execution, a rational layout for the complex design and the use of suitable building materials. The solutions should satisfy the basic safety regulations and all use operational requirements.

Design Aim The design aim is situating all the main facilities between the borders of the Czech Republic complex site. Situating the official embassy building, apartments for the staff, a residence, service facilities and a leisure space for activities for the office staff.

All the entrances to be situated inside the plot with the operational separation of the entrances while dividing them into individual zones. A requirement for a local workforce accommodation capacity separated by fencing from the rest of the embassy functions.

A suitable circulation ratio for the used spaces in the design layout maximally 1:3.

The only spatial regulation in the plot area is the height limitation of the building which is up to 4 above-ground storeys.

6

Introduction

Urban Situation Located at Bole Kifle Keteme Kebele 6, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

The site’s landscape is flat with an area of 13,304 m2.

The northern and eastern boundaries are lined with a reinforced surface sewer draining mainly for rainwater. The southern boundary from the eastern part is defined by the walls of the neighboring private residence buildings. The western boundary is directly bordering on school buildings.

AutoCad city map.

Figure 2.

City map showing site location.

Figure 1.

7

Introduction

The estimated usable floor area built in the embassy complex is 2300 m2, with a maximum of 2800 m2.

Residence,

Embassy Staff Residence,

The residence will be designed as a detached building according to the potential of the embassy complex plot with a usable floor area of 380 m2 comprising representative spaces with a separate entrance for official events connected to an outdoor garden.

A private part of the residence (5+1 apartment) having a separate private entrance for the ambassador with a private part of the garden.

A usable floor area of 700 m2 including staff apartment with different typologies (2+1, 3+1, 4+1 and 2 courier flat accommodations). The building should be connected to a garden and a shared outdoor recreational area for the staff (swimming pool, playground and a traditional tukul)

Official Embassy Building,

Consular and Visa Department,

A building for the local workforce,

With a total usable ground area of 1300 m2, the building should be divided into three security and operational zones.

A zone accessible for the public with a usable ground area of 480m2. It should include the representative spaces with a hall for 150 people and dining room for 30 people, meetings rooms and entrance halls.

Offices and meeting rooms with a usable floor area of 870 m2. It should be divided to a zone accessible only to the embassy staff including office cluster (A,B,C,D), technical rooms and economical spaces. Also, a secure zone with three offices.

The building should be situated on the boundary of the site to assure manageable entrance of the applicants directly from the street without having access to the other areas of the embassy complex. Entrance should not be shared with the entrance to the embassy building or the residence areas.

With a usable floor area of 170 m2, the building should contain a waiting area for the applicants with an easy access from the entrance, meeting spaces and offices.

The building should be located in the western area of the site. With a usable floor area of 200 m2, it should include four social flats (2+kitchenette and sanitary facilities) and support facilities.

The design of the embassy building must include five main functional categories

8

Design References

Design Refrences. a. Analysis of Design Conditions.

Historical, Cultural and Social Aspects Environmental Analysis Site and Context Analysis b. Significant References for Elaboration.

Cultural Reference Conceptual Reference

9

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

a. Analysis of Design Conditions.

Historical, Cultural and Social Aspects Environmental Analysis Site and Context Analysis

10

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Ethiopia The Ankober Lodge is the earliest architectural type built in Addis Ababa. Its architecture is very significant with the fanciful roof shapes made with thatch or corrugated metal sheets. (Figure 4) Lalibela Churches attributed to King Lalibela were built in a mountain area 645 km away from Addis Ababa. Comprising eleven medieval monolithic churches hewn from the monolithic blocks, which were further engraved forming the openings, different floors and the columns. (Figure 5) Then, Emperor Menelik selected Entoto as his new residence and capital. He employed an Indian master builder who assisted in the construction of many different churches.

A new type of architecture was then formed in this era.

Verandas and balconies were notable in all the different building structures. They were richly decorated with different wooden ornaments. The earliest structures built in Entoto is Menelik’s Palace (Figure 6).

Tradition Tukul strcutures in a Tukul Village.

Figure 3.

Lalibela Church.

Figure 5.

Ankober Lodge.

Figure 4.

Original Menelik’s Palace.

Figure 6.

Emperor Menelik’s Palace.

Figure 7.

11

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Addis Ababa started housing different foreigners which were participating in the construction process. Nationalities from Arab, India, Germany, Greek and Italy were establishing new architecture constructions with European influence.

Buildings from the early direct European influence were known for the heavy and stiff structures. They were intended to have a grand and solid appearance (Figure 8).

Radical ideas were applied in Ethiopia by Italian architects before World War II. The architecture became very significant with plain and almost undecorated surfaces. The building are finished with smooth plaster and paint rather than any textured material.

The architecture was known for visible volumes with abstract geometrical forms. Straight lines were dominating in the elevations and the forms, with some circular and semi-circular lines with no free curves used. The exterior colors used for the buildings varied from the light yellow and beige to the warm shades of dark red and brown.

St. George Cathedral designed by the Greek architect Orphanides.

Figure 8.

A new era of the construction industry in Addis Ababa rose from 1955 to 1968. New technologies were applied using pile foundations, vibrated concrete and factory finished surface materials.

Most of the constructed buildings were designed by different foreigner architects. The buildings showed the style of the individuals rather than the styles of their countries.

Functional requirements were a common design strategy.

The use of materials which were available in the Ethiopian market and the adaptation to the industrialized building techniques were also important design strategies.

Multidtorey buildings automatically became more discipline in the design than the small and low structures (Figure 10), (Figure 11).

Africa Hall by Arturo Mezzedimi.

Figure 10.

Beate Maryam.

Figure 9.

National and Commercial Bank of Ethiopia by Henri Chomette.

Figure 11.

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Czech Republic Czech Republic is one of the most famous European countries, with Bohemian heritage and medieval architectural periods. It has witnessed a wide variation of historical eras throughout the years, which distinguished the country with the rich history and stylistic diversity. The architectural styles were in constant evolution and change.

Prague, the capital of Czech Republic, is noted for the splendid architectural portals and gates of the palaces around Prague. Also, it is very famous for the spires and domes observed from the various vantage points around the city. Both architectural features are considered as city landmarks.

Czech Republic’s Gothic architecture is distinctive with the sense of verticality, emphasized in the religious buildings as an interpretation search of God. The layout of the churches used a symmetrical layout and the Latin cross. The central area of the axis is given a big importance being the tallest part of the building.

Pointed arcs were used as constructive and decorative elements, defining a very important characteristic of this period. Also, the flying buttress is a defining element in the gothic architecture, which was used to support the weight of the ceiling while being an important element of art and decorative elements.

(Figure 12) (Figure 13)

Late-Gothic, Powder Gate.

Figure 12.

The Old Town Bridge Tower, Gothic design-Charles Bridge.

Figure 13.

The Summer Palace in the gardens to the north of Prague Castle, Renaissance.

Figure 14.

The Renaissance era brought back the architecture to a human scale, giving architecture balanced proportions.

Czech Republic Renaissance occurred with the assistance of Italian architects and designs, which helped in rising with the period. The styles featured heavy ornamental stucco decorations and paintings of historical or mythical scenes. (Figure 14)

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Baroque architecture combined arts and gave a great priority to ornamented facades and interiors. It incorporated painting and sculpture as important decorative elements.

Statues of heroes, mythological figures and giants frequently displayed supporting the entrances and doorways (Figure 15).

It was considered as the grandest era in Prague’s architectural development.

Several stone-built Romanesque structure survived and undamaged in Prague, while most of them were transformed into larger churches (Figure 16).

Czech architecture was influenced by Art Nouveau at the end of 19th century. It became the favorite style for the city’s middle class residence. Replacing the former slums with new apartment blocks in the Art Nouveau style (Figure 17).

Church of St. Nicholas, Barouque.

Figure 15.

Basilica of St. George in Prague Castle, Romanesque.

Figure 16.

Municipal House, Art Nouveau.

Figure 17.

The Cubist movement had a short period influence on the Prague architecture. It left a legacy of unique buildings, mostly private homes and apartment blocks (Figure 18).

The Czech Republic modernist movement was influenced by new technology and materials. Form and purpose were merged dramatically in a movement known as functionalism.

The buildings were represented by their extreme geometric simplicity, clean lines and the use of modern materials (Figure 19).

House of the Black Madonna, also houses the Museum of Czech Cubism.

Figure 18.

Villa Muller, Functionalism.

Figure 19.

The Dancing House,top deconstructivist landmark.

Figure 20.

14

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Environmental Analysis

The diagram represents the mean daily maximum (red line) and minimum (blue line) temperatures for every month.

In Addis Ababa, the hottest month is May reaching a high of 26째 and the coolest month is December with a low of 5째.

Addis Ababa Temperature Diagram.

Figure 21.

In Prague in Czech Republic, the hottest month is July with a high of 33째 and the coolest month is January reaching -10째.

Prague Temperature Diagram.

Figure 22.

The diagram shows the average levels of precipitation amount reached each month.

In Addis Ababa, the hottest month is May and the coolest month is December.

Addis Ababa Precipitation Diagram.

Figure 23.

In Prague in Czech Republic, the hottest month is July and the coolest month is January.

Prague Precipitation Diagram.

Figure 24.

Yellow and below representing the dry days. Dark blue and above represents a 10-20mm amount and the blue middle section representing less than 2mm and till 10mm amount of precipitation.

15

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Ethiopian climate is a subtropical highland climate. This is an indication of warm summers and cool winters.

Addis Ababa’s dry season in October, November and December. The rainy season having the highest precipitation amount is in July, August and September.

The diagram shows the wind direction coming from the East and the South East directions. The most and strongest wind coming from the East. With a speed higher than 28 km/h.

The sun path diagram showing the sun location over the site. The sun is almost 90° due to the closeness of Addis Ababa to the equator.

Sun path and wind diagram.

Figure 25.

16

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Site Regulations The embassy complex could be accessed from three sides. The main entrance to the embassy should be from the norther side of the plot. Separation of the entrance between the different embassy functions with sufficient distance between each entrance to avoid intersection of the residential operations with the embassy and visa operations.

Separate car entrances for the official embassy building, an entrance to the ambassador’s apartment and an entrance to the staff residence. Separate pedestrian entrances to the embassy building, visa/consular department, staff residence and the ambassador’s residence.

Creating a road after separating the plot from the school borders with fencing in the west, the road would be used as access road inside the embassy complex. The road allows the separation of a formed plot in the west. A building for the local workforce would be located in the newly formed west plot with its own entrance.

Parking spaces would be built near the entrance to the embassy complex in the west for the visitors to the main embassy building.

Another parking for the unofficial visitors to the visa/consular department must be separated by the inside wall from the main plot of the complex. It should be located in the south east corner of the site.

The building terrain should be open with no excessive height variation. The embassy complex is fenced with anticlimbing barriers of full concrete fencing or spiked entrance gates. The height of the fence should be 2.5 or 3 m. The structure for the embassy should be places within sufficient distance from the site fencing perimeter in order to maintain enough distance from the surrounding existing buildings.

The distance should not be less than 10m, with a more suitable distance of 25m.

Site Requirements.

Figure 26.

17

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Land Use. The site located in Addis Ababa within a residential area with some commercial and mixed use areas. The western boundary of the wall borders a school.

Site 13,304

Residential Educational Commercial Mixed Use

Land Use Map. Figure 27.

18

Design References a.Analysis of Design Conditions

Access and Surroundings The site is connected to three main streets. The main streets around the site reach to Djibouti Main Street.

The map showing the main and secondary streets, and the view for the surrounding existing buildings.

Site 13,304

Main Access Secondry Access

Circulation and Surroundings.

Figure 28.

19

Design References b. Significant References for Elaboration.

b. Significant References for Elaboration.

Cultural Reference Conceptual Reference

20

Design References b. Significant References for Elaboration.

Cultural References

Dutch Embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethopia.

The Embassy’s form is an elongated mass block that mimics the traditional Ethiopian rock hewn Lalibela churches, which are sculpted from the landscape (Figure 29). The facades are also made of untreated concrete in the same red as the earth the churches are carved from (Figure 30).

The other elements and zones in the embassy’s complex are formulated in a camouflaged way in the colors of the Dutch flag.

The Embassy’s roof is designed referring to the water landscapes in the Netherlands, with the natural countryside in Ethiopia. The roof garden is designed as a shallow pond during the rainy season and a dried-up riverbed during the dry season (Figure 31).

Dutch Embassy Form.

Figure 29.

Dutch Embassy Facade.

Figure 30.

Dutch Embassy Roof Garden.

Figure 31.

21

Design References b. Significant References for Elaboration.

Conceptual References

The atmosphere of the interior courtyard allowing the natural light inside the enclosed parts of the building. The view from the terraces surrounding the courtyard with the stairs reaching to the upper terrace. The courtyard allows the ventilation and natural light to the more enclosed areas of the building.

Courtyard Atmosphere.

Figure 32.

The elevation and section are very significant showing the sloped roof of the building. The slope allowed the creation of a mezzanine level on the high point of the slope. The mezzanine level defined by interior levels.

Elevation and Section Form.

Figure 33.

The atmosphere in the living room is very interesting. The large rectangular high window allowing the natural light to enter the room while preserving the privacy of the bedroom and sleeping area.

Bedroom Atmosphere.

Figure 34.

22

Design References b. Significant References for Elaboration.

Conceptual References

The unique mass showing the solid form of the building which is rigid with an elevated level. The building creating an access for the entrance though the openness for the solid form by subtracting a mass block. A very significant entrance and approach zone showing the importance of the mass and the building. The entrance approach having glass elevations allowing the natural light and the view for the interior spaces.

The building with a subtracted cube creating an elevated level while achieving a different emphasized approach to the entrance of the building. It created a terrace with glass faรงade which overlooks the exterior landscape and the entrance space.

The approach showing the columns for the entrance to the court and supporting the upper level. The lifted level creating a shaded terrace and a shaded entrance space with different spatial qualities.

Figure 35.

Subtracted Form for the Entrance.

Figure 37.

Columns and Shaded Entrance.

Figure 38.

Figure 36.

23

Project Design

Project Design a. Problem Definition. b. Conceptual Development. c. Final Proposal

24

Project Design

a. Problem Definition.

Initial Design Process Phase.

Design Intentions.

25

Project Design a. Problem Definition.

Initial Design Process Phase.

In order to fully understand the organizations and the regulations needed for the embassy complex, the design phase starting with analyzing the spaces. Sketching and zoning the different functions and defining their security and entrances needed.

It was really important to know the relation between the zones and the required features and spaces for each separate function.

Researching for various existing projects about embassies and getting inspirations from the different projects and photos found. Analyizing the context and the surrounding architectural features was also very important. The process is crucial for understating the features required for the embassy complex.

In the figures 39 and 40, it shows the initial phase of the design by writing the required spaces and zones in the embassy complex while zoning the spaces and the relation needed to be achieved for each function.

Zoning Sketches.

Figure 39.

Analysis of Requirements.

Figure 40.

26

Project Design a. Problem Definition.

Design Intentions.

The main design idea was representing the embassy in a regular and solid forms, referencing the European heavy styles built in Ethiopia. A mass that would be visually identified with a great height than the surrounding context. The solid form would give the embassy a strong significance within the surrounding context, while creating references to both countries, Ethiopia and Czech Republic.

A very strong and important design idea was creating a very strong relation between the functions needed to be comprised in the embassy complex. Achieving a coherent design with the materiality and the regularity of the masses.

Creating a courtyard that helps in the connection of the elements together. A strong relation and connection by combining the embassy office, representative area and the staff residence functions in a one huge mass and block. The villa detached building being with a close proximity to the building mass.

The embassy building mass having a significant approach defining the importance of the Czech Republic embassy, a regular form and mass that would represent the embassy within the context of Addis Ababa.

27

Project Design

b.Conceptual Development.

Massing Process.

28

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Massing Process.

The massing process starting with the idea of creating regular rigid form for the embassy main building block. The mass would be significant in identifying the embassy. The form starting from a basic building block including all the embassy functions with a detached building block for the villa. The building block having a courtyard that would allow the visual connections for the embassy functions.

The idea of designing a significant approach for the embassy was achieved by the subtraction of masses. The significant approach leading to the courtyard and the entrances for the embassy different functions. Different trials for the form of the subtraction using sketches, working models and 3D modellings. The subtraction allowed the upper floors to be elevated from the ground level which would be supporter with columns.

The villa form was signified from the other embassy functions with a sloped roof as a reference to the residential building in Czech Republic.

Subtraction and Form Trials.

Figure 43.

Rectangular Initial Block.

Figure 41.

Subtraction and Form Trials.

Figure 42.

Subtraction and Form Trials.

Figure 44.

Subtraction and Form Trials.

Figure 45.

29

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

The working model and the sketches for the trials achieved throughout the designing process.

Working Model for Mass Trial.

Figure 46.

Initial Massing Diagram.

Figure 47.

Conceptual Sketch.

Figure 48.

Working Model for Mass Trial.

Figure 49.

Working Model for Mass Trial, Side View.

Figure 50.

Working Model for Mass Trial, Side VIew. Figure 51.

30

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Zoning Functions.

The massing phase and the zoning step of the building were moving in parallel to each other.

The embassy building formed block with the courtyard and the subtracted rectangles comprises most of the functions required for the embassy complex. It included the embassy offices, the representative area, visa/consular department and the staff residence. The complexity of placing the functions in the same building block increased the significance of the concept.

the surrounding context was designed as a lounge for the embassy staff.

The ambassador’s villa is designed as a detached building including both functions of the representative and the private apartment. The representative area is designed on the ground level with an exterior terrace. The private apartment on the first floor of the building.

It was a difficult process due to the different security regulations required for each zone. The visa/consular department was placed with a closer proximity to the east in order to have a separate entrance. The entrances to the main embassy offices and the representative areas were placed to the south west area with a great entrance space to signify the entrance.

During the process of achieving privacy and the security regulations, the mass of the building developed with the development of the zones. The staff residence zone was shifted downwards with a separate entrance and a private zone. The shifting created an open terrace while elevating the last level on columns.

The representative areas all located on the first floor of the embassy building. The halls and the newly formed terrace belonged to the representative social events.

The main embassy offices were placed on the highest level of the form. That provided the achievement of the security regulations and giving them the privacy for the needed operational work. The offices are arranged along an interior corridor, with windows overlooking the exterior landscape and the interior courtyard. The different office cluster are organized close to each other with meeting rooms. The zone elevated on columns on the offices level having a view for

Initial Zoning Diagram.

Figure 52.

31

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Site and Landscape.

The approach for designing the site was the ability to achieve privacy for the residential areas, and the security needed for the embassy operational functions. The privacy for the zones was created by designing different levels on the site that would separate and define the private residential zones from the public and embassy zones. Different approaches were tried through the process for the form of the slope, the form of the shifted landscape and the divisions of the different areas.

The staff residence zone was shifted downwards including the recreational areas within the slope or on the ground level around the slope.

The difference in the spaces was defined by various ground materials and pathways. The surfaces used for the parking and the newly formed road use the same materials as the materials commonly used in the locality for an easy maintenance. All the planted trees and landscape using materials that matches the climate of Addis Ababa and the conditions for the different plants. The green spaces giving spatial qualities for the overlooking views form the buildings and used as a separation between each zone.

To separate the visa section from the surrounding context, the part and the entrance were both shifted downwards with small steps. The steps lead to a pathway and the waiting area while all the surrounding landscape remained on the ground level. This steps increased the privacy for the visa department and completely separating the villa’s representative terrace.

The ambassador’s villa was separated from the rest of the site using fences and the surrounding landscape and trees. A private pool was designed for the ambassador in the private garden area. To emphasize the private entrance of the ambassador, an elevated terrace was created supported on columns that would create a shaded space underneath having the entrance to the private space.

A wide entrance platform was created for the great approach for the embassy and representative areas. A water surface was added to the site referencing the water cultures in both countries, Ethiopia and Czech Republic. Many different variations were tried for the form and the direction the water surface would be formed. The water was designed for the entrance space to give the entrance a more significant approach.

Site Trial Working Model.

Figure 53.

Site Trial Working Model.

Figure 54.

32

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

The site sketches showing the different approaches and trials for organizing the embassy functions while keeping the privacy for each zone. Showing the various ideas of landscape form the water surfaces to the greenery and the fences used. The sketches showing the different trials for the entrances for each different zone.

Site and Landscape Sketch Trial.

Figure 55.

Site and Landscape Sketch Trial.

Figure 56.

Site and Landscape Sketch Trial.

Figure 57.

Site and Landscape Sketch Trial.

Figure 58.

33

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Entrances.

Entrances to the embassy complex were kept at a sufficient distance from each other. The security regulations for the embassy and operational areas are different from the residential ones. It was a challenge to maintain the distance for the entrances, epically when all the functions are basically arranged together in the same building mass.

The separation between the entrances by locating each entrance on a side of the plots direction, each with a security porter’s lodge for controlled access. The residential entrances for the building all located in the north. Entrances for the visa and main embassy building are very far from each over in order to avoid any conflict between the applicants entrance and movement with the official embassy building staff

The local workforce building is located at the west of the plot separated from the remaining embassy functions with a fence and the newly formed street. The local workforce having a separate pedestrian entrance from the north.

The staff residence main entrance from north of the plot.

A car entrance to a private staff parking and a pedestrian entrance. Both entrances leading to the stairs which lead to the shifted downwards private area leading to the main entrance for the building.

The ambassador’s villa private and representative entrances from the east. They are both separated because of the functions. The representative entrance with a drop-off and the private entrance leading to the private parking.

The visa/consular department entrance was place at the east of the site. The location is to be close to the parking outside the plot fencing. The entrance to the visa department is a pedestrian entrance which is stepped down with stairs leading to the main entrance. The path from the entrance leads to an exterior waiting area for the applicants.

The main embassy entrance placed at the south of the plot. The entrance consist of a porter’s lodge which controls the entrances to the cars and the pedestrian entrance.

The car entry from the south into the newly formed street onsite. A car drop-off which leads to the entrance platform for the main embassy offices and the representative area.

The entrance platform also leads to the courtyard. A parking for the embassy visitors placed in the west of the site, in the newly formed plot.

34

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Façade and Openings Design.

The main idea for the elevations and openings was maintaining the rigid and regular form of the embassy’s building mass, while at the same time allowing the sufficient amount of natural light to enter the interior spaces and rooms. It was a challenge because of the complexity of the functions in one mass and keeping the solid exterior elevations.

Various trials were developed to achieve the façade design. Starting with the placement of the openings needed for each interior space for the different functions and then creating a grid and system for the openings with different dimension and styles.

The privacy of the openings for the residence and the villa was very important, while having a more opened windows overlooking the courtyard. The representative areas where given wider openings allowing more view of the surrounding landscape and extra natural light for the huge spaces. Having a very significant corner room which was elevated with the columns at the entrance space gave the space different spatial quality. Larger window was placed at the corners allowing the light and the view for the surrounding landscape and context.

Different Grid For Openings, AutoCad Drawings.

Figure 59.

Wide windows used for the office windows and smaller windows were used for the residential functions. The staff residence openings privacy was maintained as the openings overlook the green slope and the shifted downwards landscape.

Facade Design Trial.

Figure 60.

35

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Materiality.

The concept for the used materials was utilizing the exiting plentiful materials in Addis Ababa which would be economically beneficial. It was important to reference the existing Ethiopian culture with the materials and the exterior colors used.

Using concrete for the different building aspects for the construction and finishing materials. The building construction material is concrete with brick walls. The exterior facades are concrete panels colored beige. The color is a reference for Addis Ababa and the Ethiopian colors used for the buildings. The interior walls are white paint allowing the sense of spacious interior rooms while allowing the natural light to enter the spaces. The wall construction for the materials all include water insulations as well as the floors and roof.

The openings in the building are emphasized with wooden frames pigmented red as a reference for the Ethiopian Lalibela Church color (Figure 62). A shading element is attached to the openings as a protection from the rain.

Le Gare, pigmented yellow-ish beige.

Figure 61.

Red Pigmented Lalibela Church.

Figure 62.

White Paint for the Interior Spaces.

Figure 63.

36

Project Design b. Conceptual Development

Model 1:200, Colloquium 2 Submission Proposal.

Figure 64.

Model 1:500, Colloquium 2 Submission Proposal.

Figure 65.

37

Project Design

c.Final Proposal.

38

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Analysis.

The final proposal starting with the analysis phase of the surrounding context. Demonstrating the cultural and architectural analysis of both countries with a brief description and reference images for the important and relevant architectural features.

Also, the analysis illustrates the environmental aspects and the different climate issues between both countries.

The diagram of the average temperatures in Addis Ababa and Prague showing the hottest day in Addis Ababa in May reaching 26 degree while in Prague it reaches 33 in July. It shows the coolest day in Addis Ababa which is 5 in December, while in Prague reaching -10 in January.

The second diagram showing the amount of precipitation through the months. It shows the dry seasons in Addis Ababa in October, November and December and the rainy season in July, August and September. It shows the snow days in Prague and the dry season in December, January and February.

Cultural and Environmental Analysis.

Figure 66.

39

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Maps.

The city maps with the two different scales showing the context of the city.

The maps show the embassy complex and the embassy building within the city. It shows relation to the surrounding and residential buildings around the site and viewing the streets and access to the embassy complex.

Site Map 1:5000 Figure 67.

Site Map 1:2000 Figure 68.

40

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Massing.

The massing diagram showing the process of the design till reaching to the embassy building mass. Starting with a rigid block combining the functions of the embassy offices, representative spaces, visa/consular department and the staff residence. The residence villa is a detached building block close the court inside the building. Combining the function zones together having a huge mass bock that would represent the embassy by being a heavy building volume with regular forms and lines. The functions are all overlooking a courtyard that helps connecting the spaces together.

Rectangular blocks then removed from the mass block, the blocks removed creating elevated levels which are supported with columns. The setback occurring from the removed blocks provided an important approach to the embassy’s main entrance and the courtyard landscape, and also allowing the staff residence to be stepped back from the main entrance.

The residence levels are shifted downwards allowing the separation of the functions while creating a more private recreational zone for the staff residence. The shift downwards created a representative terrace giving the building a more open level that would be accessed from the courtyard with a visual connection to the entrance landscape, halls and courtyard.

Removing rectangular blocks from the mass stepping back the building and functions.

Combining the functions of the embassy and residence in one block.

Residence is stepped back from the entrance for privacy

Seperating the functions of main embassy and staf residence in the same mass

The removed blocks created a space that signifies the main entrance of the embassy building.

The villa roof is sloped towards the private terrace area.

The block is shifted downwards as a speeratrion while creating an exteriorterrace.

The villa is detached to a speerate building block.

The sloped roofs gives the villa block its own identity and significance.

The detached villa block is being signified by the sloped roof that is directed to the private garden area. The removal of the block from the mass giving a more private approach to the entrance of the apartment on the second level.

Massing Diagram Figure 69.

The block is removed from mass for the private entrance of the villa.

A shaded terrace is created as an outer space while signifying the entrance.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

Zoning Plans.

Zoning Masses.

The plans zoning diagram shows the zones divided on the four levels of the embassy building mass. The staff residence divided to the basement and the ground floor levels with an entrance on the basement level. The visa/consular zone is on the ground level with a separate entrance from the east.

The entrance spaces for the embassy and the representative spaces on the ground floor with the main embassy entrance from the west. The representative spaces and terrace on the first floor level and the second floor level having the embassy offices and meeting rooms.

The villa residence is a detached building with the representative spaces on the ground floor having a separate entrance from the east. The private villa zone on the first floor with a ground floor entrance from the north.

The mass of the embassy building is divided to different functions and zones. The diagram shows each zone block with its exterior spaces connected to them. The visa/consular section on the ground level with the exterior waiting area. The staff residence block on the basement and ground floors with the exterior slopes and recreational area. The representative spaces with the representative terraces on the first level. The representative terrace could be accessed from the courtyard in the building. The offices on the second level with the lounges on the first level.

The detached mass of the residence villa. Divided to the representative spaces on the ground level with an exterior terrace, and the private apartment section on the first floor level with the private garden and pool on the ground and separated from the representative space.

Staff Recreational Area Representative Terrace

PRIVATE VILLA ENTRANCE

Staff Residence REPRESENTATIVE VILLA ENTRANCE

STAFF ENTRANCE

PRIVATE VILLA

REPRESENTATIVE VILLA STAFF RESIDENCE

STAFF RESIDENCE

REPRESENTATIVE TERRACE

Representative Spaces Visa/Cosnular Waiting Area

REPRESENTATIVE VISA/CONSULAR SECTION ENTRANCE SPACE REPRESENTATIVE AREA EMBASSY MAIN ENTRANCE

EMBASY OFFICES

VISA ENTRANCE

Zoning Plans Diagram.

Figure 70.

Private Villa Terrace Offices

Staff Lounges

Representative

Private Villa

Representative Terrace

Zoning Masses Diagram.

Figure 71.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

Conceptual shots of the embassy’s building masses. The different shots from various angles showing the separated entrances to each different function unit.

Offices

Private Villa

A view showing the embassy’s main entrance leading to the offices area and the representative spaces. The main entrances for pedestrian and for cars are both from the south west side of the site.

A shot showing the entrances to the residence villa. A private entrance separated from the representative entrances.

A representative drop off entrance from the east and a private car entrance to a private parking from the east while being separated with landscape. The private entrance emphasized by the lifted form creating an elevated private terrace.

Representative Spaces

Representative Villa Entrance

Private Villa Entrance

Main Embassy Entrance

Private Villa

A view for the embassy’s building showing the staff residence area which is shifted downwards with its own private entrance, private and car entrance to a parking.

Another shot showing the entrance to the visa/consular department. The pedestrian entrance is separated from other embassy zones to avoid interference between the circulations of the main embassy and the visa applicants.

Staff Residence

Visa/Consular

Residence Entrance Visa/Consular Entrance

Entrances Diagram.

Figure 72.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

The site zoning diagram showing the different entrances to the site, the embassy building masses and the zones in the embassy complex. The diagram also shows the different levels on the site.

The diagram shows the main entrances to the embassy with the drop off and the entrance area. The drop off to the embassy building is connected to a parking in the west of the site.

In the west, the local workforce building with its private pedestrian entrance.

A parking outside the walls of the embassy complex for visitors in the south east. A visa/consular department private pedestrian entrance separated from other embassy zones with a waiting terrace for applicants.

The entrances to the staff residence, a pedestrian entrance to the sloped shifted downwards area. Another car entrance to a parking only for the staff which leads to the entrance of the building down the slope. The staff residence area having a private pool, a playground and a traditional tukul.

The residence villa area with separated two entrance, an entrance to the representative part of the villa and a private entrance to the private apartment space having a private parking. The representative area having a shaded outdoor terrace for the dining room. A private pool and a private part of the garden separated from the rest of the site functions and only for the private residence villa zone.

Site Zoning Diagram.

Figure 73.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

The site plan shows the landscape of the embassy complex, with a relation to the close surrounding buildings. The landscape of the complex varies from the green and grass areas, to the pathways between and leading to the different areas of the building.

The entrances paved with brown-ish tiles. This includes the entrance to the main embassy building and the representative spaces, the entrance to the visa/consular section, the entrances to the villa residence whether the representative entrance or the private apartment entrance, the local workforce building entrance and the staff residence entrance pathways leading to the building and leading to the playground and tukul.

The site plan shows the grey asphalt paved areas for the car movement. The streets surrounding the embassy complex and the newly built road inside the site. It shows the parking areas inside and outside the complex. A parking outside the walls of the complex for unofficial visitors. The entrances inside the complex for the main embassy building and representative area, a parking for the staff residence and a private parking for the residence villa. It also shows the paved drop-off locations for the entrances to the site.

The main entrance landscape including a water surface passing underneath the entrance platform and reaching to a shallow pond inside the courtyard. The water referencing the water culture in Czech Republic and is filled with the rain water in Addis Ababa. The shallow pond acting as a separation from the representative terrace of the residence villa and the courtyard of the embassy’s building block.

The entrances to the site are separated for the security regulations for each zone. The entrances to the site with a security porter’s lodge controlling the entrance security.

The different zones of the embassy complex are separated from each other with fences and trees.

The site plan also shows the elements in the embassy complex, showing the private pool with the shaded element in the private residence area. It shows the private pool with shaded element for the staff residence, the playground and the tukul. It shows the shaded element used for the visa waiting terrace for the applicants.

Site Plan.

Figure 74.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

For the basement floor plan (Figure 00), in order to separate the residential area from the operational embassy functions, the staff residence level starting from a level of -2.00. The area is shifted downwards with slopes and stairs leading to an outdoor private pool and the pathway for the main entrance for the staff residence zone. The entrance for the staff residence is accessed from the outdoor open recreational space, reaching to a lobby that has the stairs that goes to the ground floor level, which is the first floor for the staff residence.

The level comprises 4 apartment with different organizations. A 4+1 apartment, a 3+1 apartment, a 2+1 apartment and a courier flat. The apartments sharing the same organization relation which is having the interior steps forming different levels which separates the functions inside each apartment. Separating the bedroom, living and dining area, kitchen and toilets. The openings on the basement level overlooks the sloped garden and the exterior landscape moved downwards.

Also, the basement plan showing the basement level of the main embassy building. The level containing the technical and storage rooms and could be accessed from the stair on the ground floor.

Basement Floor Plan.

Figure 75.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

The ground floor plan is very significant as it shows the embassy’s different zones with relation to the surrounding and context.

The ground floor plan for the main embassy building shows the entrance approach and the entrance spaces.

The entrance for the embassy for the cars with a drop off ad a parking in the west. The pedestrian entrance to the embassy with a secured access from the porter’s lodge.

The entrance platform leading to the columns that are supporting the elevated levels, till reaching the embassy main entrance. The entrance to the embassy is secured with a waiting area. The entrance to the embassy leads to the representative entrance. The access to the upper floors is through the different stairs on the ground level. A stair from the ground reaching the second floor comprising the offices and meeting rooms. A separate entrance for the representative spaces on the second level from the waiting lounge on the ground floor. The representative waiting lounge access the courtyard with a path leading to the stairs reaching the representative terrace on the first floor. The courtyard and representative terrace could directly be accessed from the entrance platform in the condition of a larger social event.

The ground floor plan shows the staff residence first level The ground level for the residence is on the basement floor plan. The staff residence is shown in relation with the surrounding sloped context and the interior courtyard. The rest of the apartment typologies are organized with a similar relation inside each apartment. Each function in the apartment is defined by different steps and levels which defines the bedroom, bathrooms, kitchen and living and dining areas.

The plan shows the stairs coming from the basement level to the ground level. The main entrances for the staff residence are on the ground floor level. The pedestrian level reaching to the stairs which leads to the shifted downwards area. A car entrance to a private staff parking onsite. The parking then leads to the building’s entrance with the stairs downwards. Another staircase from the shifted area leading to the traditional tukul area and the playground on the ground floor plan, surrounded with different trees achieving the privacy.

Ground Floor Plan with the Surroundings.

Figure 76.

47

Project Design c.Final Proposal

The ground floor plan shows the visa/consular section.

The department having a separate pedestrian entrance from the east with the visitors parking outside the perimeter fencing. The entrance and the visa section is stepped downwards allowing a more private approach and to avoid interference of the applicants enter with the main entrance to the embassy. The secured entrance of the visa leading to the meeting hall and the area for applicants. A connection between the waiting area and the offices of the visa and consular department through a secured door. The waiting area inside the building is connected to an exterior shaded waiting area for the applicants. The embassy employees could access the visa and consular offices and meeting rooms through the ground floor entrance spaces and stairs from the offices level on the second floor. The offices of the visa and consular overlloking the exterior landscape and the courtyard landscape.

The ambassador’s villa ground floor plan contains the representative spaces for the villa. It views the representative car drop-off entrance from the east reaching the entrance of the villa. The entrance leads to the lounge and to the dining room. The dining room is connected with an exterior shaded space with a visual connection to the surrounding landscape and the court of the main embassy building mass. Also, the private entrance to the apartment on the first floor is shown, with a car entrance and a private parking with the relation to the entrance space underneath the lifted terrace on the first floor. It shows the stairs that leads to the private villa part, and shows the connection to the exterior private pool and garden.

The local workforce building west of the plot with its own pedestrian entrance. It shows the arrangement of the flats inside the building.

The newly formed road is visible which allows the entrance of the embassy visitors from the south with an alternative exit from the north at the end of the created road.

48

Project Design c.Final Proposal

The first floor plan (Figure 77) shows the division of the level. It shows the effect of the removed rectangles on the plans and the relation between the floors. It also shows the first floor plan of the ambassador’s residence.

Regarding the main embassy building, the first floor shows the representative zone and spaces. The stairs from the representative entrance on the ground floor going to a lounge on the first floor, the lounge connecting to the dining room, the toilets and the representative hall. The representative hall is stepped downwards as a reaction from stepping the visa/ consular department. The columns inside the hall dividing the space and the supporting the double heighted space.

Another stairs that lead to the offices are shown continuing in the floor plan. The dining room and the representative lounge overlooking the interior court and the representative terrace. The dining room also has a view on the entrance space and columns. The representative hall also has a view on the landscape on site with natural light entering the hall.

The representative terrace stairs starting from the ground and reaching to the first floor level are visible. The columns in the terrace help in organizing the space and the areas for the large social events. Walls are used for the north side which overlooks the residential area helping in maintaining the privacy of the residence.

Regarding the ambassador’s villa, the first floor plan contains the private apartment spaces. The private stairs from the ground floor reaching the level at a living and a dining area. The living area is connected to the lifted terrace which overlooks the back private garden and private pool.

The spaces are separated with different levels. The bedrooms and the toilet are lifted with 3 steps, lastly reaching the master bedroom with its own dressing area and toilet.

The master bedroom is elevated with steps for more privacy.

The second floor plan (Figure 78) comprises mainly the offices clusters and meeting rooms. The floor plan shows the double height area overlooking the representative halls. The stairs from the representative floor leading to a representative lounge overlooking the representative hall.

The stairs from the ground reaching to the offices level.

The circulation for the employees through corridors for the different offices organizations. An office for the C section without an opening could be viewed. Another staircase from the offices area which goes up from the representative terrace.

A lounge for the embassy staff created overlooking the exterior landscape of the site and the context. The terrace is elevated and supported on columns from the site. The columns could be viewed in the lower floor plans. Most of the offices and meeting rooms overlooking the courtyard landscape and the representative terrace.

N

2

4

D

5

D

D

C

C

Offices

3

A

B

B

A

A

A

A

B

B

A

D

E

A A A

A

A

A

1

A

First Floor Plan.

Figure 77.

Second Floor Plan.

Figure 78.

A

S

49

Project Design c.Final Proposal

The North Elevation (Figure 79) focusing mainly on the staff residence area. The staff residence levels on the basement level (-2.00m) and the first floor level (+0.70m). The landscape shifted downwards with a slope which leads to the entrance to the staff residence. This provided the staff residence to have a private recreational area separated from the main embassy functions.

The relation between the staff residence with the upper floors is also visible. On the first floor the representative terrace and the embassy offices on the second floor.

The north elevation of the residence villa shows the view of the private area of the villa. It shows the private entrance to the apartment on the second floor. The entrance is emphasized with the columns which are supporting the private terrace on the first floor.

The north view shows the local workforce building located in the west of the site with the relation to the street created on the site and the other embassy zones.

North Elevation.

Figure 79.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

The West elevation (Figure 80) is significant for showing the different relations between the embassy offices, representative spaces and the staff residence as viewed from the drop-off car entrance to the main embassy entrance and the representative entrance.

It focuses on the approach to the entrance from the columns lifting the offices floor on the second level. The openings of the offices and the lounge are visible from the elevation. It shows the relation between the offices level and the representative terrace on the first level. Also the staff residence on the ground level could be seen in the elevation below the representative terrace.

The shaded element used for the exterior waiting area of the visa/consular area is visible in the west elevation. The residence villa could be seen behind the building with the sloped roof to the private garden area.

the dining room. The relation of heights between the main embassy building mass and the residence villa could be viewed, having a heights level of +9.30m The East elevation (Figure 82) focusing on the residence villa and the visa/consular zone. It shows the villa’s sloped roof to the private garden. It also shows the elevated private terrace on the columns with the emphasized area for the private entrance. It shows the relation between the representative entrance and the private entrance. The elevations views the shaded area for the representative terrace of the representative villa area.

The elevation shows the visa/consular entrance which is stepped downwards (-0.50m) creating a private approach to the visa section and the shaded waiting terrace for the

The South elevation ( Figure 81) emphasizes the form of the embassy with the masses lifted on the columns for the main entrances approach. It shows the representative terrace on the second floor with the relation to the columns and the landscape. The visa/consular exterior waiting area with the shaded element showing in the south. The elevations shows the relation between the embassy main zone and the visa section.

The residence villa’s south elevation focuses on the representative area and the representative shaded terrace from

applicants. It shows the relation between the levels and the landscape. The relation between the visa section and the upper floors of the embassy zones could be seen. The first floor with the representative hall and the second floor of the embassy offices.

A view of the courtyard between the zones could be seen with the stairs leading to the representative terrace on the first floor level.

A view could be seen for the local workforce building located west of the plot, it could be seen as a far elevation from the rest of the embassy zones and functions.

West Elevation.

Figure 80.

South Elevation.

Figure 81.

East Elevation.

Figure 82.

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Project Design c.Final Proposal

The first section (Figure 83) shows the connection between the different embassy functions. It shows the levels of the embassy from the basement having the technical and storage rooms, going to the ground floor including the entrances of the embassy and the representative areas. The connection between the visa section on the ground level which is stepped downwards and the embassy entrance is visible.

The second level showing the representative areas, the dining room and the representative hall. The representative hall with the double height and the column structure. The second floor having the embassy offices and meeting rooms, the floor having an overlooking connection to the representative hall.

The stairs connecting the embassy’s different levels could be visible in this section. Also the elevated levels with the supporting columns for the entrance spaces which helps emphasizing the entrance to the main embassy building.

Elevation views of the representative terrace and the villa representative area could be shown, viewing the relation between the elements in the embassy complex.

Section 3 (Figure 84) is very significant as it views different embassy function and the relation between them. The staff residence on the basement and ground levels. The apartments of the staff are organized with different interior levels.

The levels inside the apartments help in separating and defining the different functions inside the space for the bedroom, dining and living areas, kitchen and toilets. The section shows the relation between the sloped landscape and the building with viewing the entrance through the downwards private area.

The representative terrace on the first floor is visible, showing how the residential function and the official diplomatic functions. The terrace is connected with the embassy offices level on the second floor and with visual connections to the surrounding landscape. The offices level is supported with the columns on the representative terraces level.

The section shows the relation between the embassy building block and the residence villa. The villa is a two leveled building with the representative functions on the ground floor and the private apartment area on the first floor.

Section 1 Figure 83.

Section 3.

Figure 84.

52

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Section 2 (Figure 85) is cutting through the detached residence villa. It shows the relation between the representative functions on the ground floor and the private apartment on the first floor. It shows the sloped significant roof which slopes to the back private garden area.

The representative lounge and dining area leading to the representative shaded exterior garden. The private entrance for the apartment is on the ground level with the stairs leading to the first level.

The apartment level is designed on different levels, the first having the living and dining area with a shaded terrace overlooking the private garden and private pool. The second level with the rooms and the bathroom for the area. The highest level with the master bedroom which includes a bathroom and a dressing area.

Section 4 (Figure 86) shows different elements of the embassy building. It shows the sloped area leading to the shifted downwards staff residence and apartments on the basement and ground levels. It shows the organization of the levels in the appartements between the functions.

The section views the representative terrace on the first floor and the offices level on the second floor which is supported with columns on the first level. The stairs connecting the representative terraces and the offices level is visible.

The section shows the columns supporting the offices level on the second floor and the approach to the main embassy

entrances as an elevation. The visa shaded waiting area is also visible as elevation.

An elevation for the residence villa is visible with the shifted terrace supported on the columns which shows the private entrance to the villa.

The last section (Figure 87) focuses on the visa/consular section of the embassy. The visa zone is stepped downwards providing a private approach and areas with a shaded exterior waiting area.

The first and second floors having the representative halls and the lounges and meeting room. The section shows the relation between the different levels and the elevations of the representative terraces and residential areas. In the elevation, the stairs leading to the representative terrace and the offices level on the second floor.

Section 2.

Figure 85.

Section 4.

Figure 86.

Section 5.

Figure 87.

53

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Section/Elevation Façade.

The section cutting through a part in the façade with a larger scale helps in showing the important construction details of the building.

It shows the floor building layers including the ground floor and the roof layers. The ground and roof layers having water proofing layer helping in insulating the building during the rainy periods. The different levels are shown viewing the structure inside the building which is a lower level than the outside zero ground level.

The construction material used for the building is concrete slabs, with brick walls for the exterior and interior walls. The connections between the floors, walls and roof are all visible.

The sections shows the wall finishing layers and the materials used. The exterior wall finishing is concrete panels colored beige with layers of insulation from the heat and water.

The interior finishing material is plaster white paint.

The connection between the window openings and the walls are also visible. The frames of the windows attached to the walls and connected to a shading element from the rain. The material used for the frames and shading element is wood pigmented red which is darker than the building’s color which helps in emphasizing the openings.

Section/Elevation Façade.

Figure 88.

54

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Interior Shot 1.

An interior shot of the view inside the representative hall on the first floor of the embassy building. The perspective view shows the atmosphere inside the hall with the visual connections with the exterior elements.

The hall with openings overlooking the exterior representative terrace on the same level, however accessed from the courtyard outside the building. The hall also has a view of the courtyard and the stairs leading to the exterior terrace.

The terrace could be accessed directly from the embassy entrance and used in case of larger social events.

Interior Shot 2.

Representative Hall, Interior Shot.

Figure 89.

Another interior shot showing the qualities inside the private residence villa. The interior shot from the living room in the private apartment area in the residence villa. The view showing the living area leading to an exterior terrace. The living room and terrace overlooking the private garden area and the private pool for the ambassador’s private use.

Private Villa’s Living Room, Interior Shot.

Figure 90.

55

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Main Exterior Shot.

The main perspective of the embassy building showing the approach to the main entrance and to the courtyard from the southwest.

The emphasized entrance reinforced with columns supporting the elevated part of the mass creating the paths to the entrance from the pedestrian entrance and the car’s drop-off entrance. The perspective also shows the exterior

representative terrace overlooking the entrance pathways and the landscape.

The shot views the openings in the elevation from the south and west sides. The highest point elevated by the columns showing the offices and staff lounge while overlooking the landscape on the ground level.

Exterior Perspective 1.

Figure 91.

56

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Exterior Shot.

The exterior view from the south east of the embassy’s complex. The shot focuses on the visa/consular section with its private entrance. The entrance is shifted downwards with three steps separating the area from the surrounding landscape. The entrance path leading to the entrance and the shaded exterior waiting terrace.

The shot also shows the visual relation and connection

between the representative terrace openings and the surrounding landscape around the visa/consular area.

Moreover, the view showing the representative shaded terrace of the representative part of the residence villa. The view of the terrace to the surrounding landscape and the courtyard in the embassy’s main building block.

Exterior Perspective 2.

Figure 92.

57

Project Design c.Final Proposal

Exterior Shot 3.

The perspective focusing on the courtyard. The view showing the columns and the entrance leading to the courtyard. The offices level, representative spaces and visa area all overlooking the court. The view also shows the stairs leading to the exterior representative terrace.

The openings of the offices, representative terrace and the dining room view all overlooking the landscape in the courtyard. An access could be seen from inside the building to the exterior courtyard.

Exterior Shot 4.

The perspective shot having a view from the south to the embassy’s building. The shot emphasizes the columns supporting the building and the entrance to the embassy and courtyard. It shows the view to the representative terrace and the stairs leading to the terrace from the entrance pathways.

Exterior Perspective 4.

Figure 94.

Exterior Perspective 3.

Figure 93.

58

Critical Review on Work and Process.

Critical Review on Work and Process.

59

Critical Review on Work and Process.

Designing an embassy complex is a really challenging, however, extremely interesting project. The challenging approach in designing an embassy lies in the security and ground built area regulations given. The approach is to design and create special atmosphere and living qualities for the different zones without exceeding the limitations in any regulation regarding security, height or built area.

For me, the biggest challenge in this design was the complexity of the required regulations and the approach of combing the functions together a single entity. It was a challenge designing different typologies in a one mass, which needed endless researches about each designed typology and trials in order to achieve the ideal life quality and recreational zones for all the embassy functions.

In order to design the complex, various zones and functions were to be considered in the design process to be encompassed inside the complex. Designing different typologies, from the residential typologies of the local workforce building, the staff residence and the private villa; and to the official typologies as the embassy offices, visa/consular section and the representative spaces was an advantage for increasing my knowledge on each typology and the ability to create relations between the functions. The opportunity to have different contexts for designing from two different countries helped my adaptation to the different designing conditions and increasing the knowledge of analyzing the contexts and designing with regards to the different cultures.

Sticking to the idea of combing and having a connection and relation between the different functions was a difficult choice, however eventually added a new level of complexity to the design. The different entrances and the onsite separation of the areas maintained the privacy and achieved the security regulations. The subtraction form the building block helped in creating a significant approach to the embassy building and entrances.

The Figures (00) and (00) showing the process of the design through the various trials and sketches of the form and organization of the embassy functions within the complex.

It was a really challenging process but the progress achieved helped in representing my idea for the embassy complex.

Through the 3 months, many things have changed regarding the design. One thing remained the same was the concept. The idea of representing the embassy with a significant rigid mass and regular form. Having the highest building to represent the embassy and achieving relations with the site and the different functions required. However, the form and the way of representing my ideas and concepts changed and developed.

Starting the process with a very normal and boring masses. The different functions and dimensions caused the masses to be uncoherent with random slopes and different heights. The following steps of developing were really enjoyable, working from a step to another with many freehand sketches, different scales by printing the site and a lot of endless mass models. That process really helped me in reaching my final result.

Different Form Trials.

Figure 95.

Different Form Trials.

Figure 96.

60

Conclusion and Recommendations.

Conclusion.

61

Conclusion and Recommendations.

The project’s aim was designing the Czech Republic Embassy Complex in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Embassy complex would operate as sanctuary for the Czech Republic residence in Addis Ababa, and as a place for the Ethiopians to learn more about the basic information regarding the culture and history of Czech Republic. The embassy building should embody the Czech Republic’s heritage and culture while expressing the adequate level of state representation.

The embassy complex should incorporate the five main function zones (Embassy Main Building, Visa/Consular Section, Staff Residence, Residence Villa and a building for the local workforce).

the different security regulations and the various atmospheres needed for each function. The huge mass would represent the embassy with its complexity, height and the massive block which would stand out from the surrounding residential typologies.

To emphasize the importance of the embassy building, a welcoming visible approach to the main entrances to the embassy building with the columns supporting elevated levels. This provides the sense of openness while maintaining the rigid and regular mass form.

Designing an Embassy is considered as an immense challenge with various difficulties. Due to the limitations and various conditions and regulations given, starting from the security regulations of each zone until the important interior distribution of the rooms and offices.

The massing and the zoning processes where moving in a parallel condition in order to maintain the achievement of all the embassy requirements and regulations while reaching a satisfying form to represent the embassy and its important approach. The entrance approach achieved by removing rectangular masses and lifting functions on columns.

Another difficulty was being unaware of the two countries’ culture and environmental conditions. The culture of both cities should be taken into consideration, in order to achieve a building that would represent Czech Republic in a proper way and at the same time gaining acceptance from the citizens. The project’s designing process starting with the analysis of the surrounding context, the architecture heritage of both countries and the environmental issues.

Zoning the entrances and the interior spaces was a complex phase, to define the private entrances and the public entrances with all the security porter’s lodges that would control the entrances. Private entrances created in the north and east of the site for all the residential functions on the site.

Public entrances for the embassy visitors from the south of the site and an entrance for the applicants from the east with a representative entrance to the villa.

After the analysis, the design phase started with viewing the built area regulations and the height limitation provided.

Learning all the functions zones with the different security regulations and the provided space program with the proper dimensions and the interior rooms needed to be fitted in the embassy complex.

The embassy spaces are all designed overlooking an interior courtyard having a greenery landscape with a water surface and a small shallow pond which references the water culture in both countries. The courtyard could be approached from the main embassy entrance. A recreational area was created for the staff residence in the north of the site by shifting the landscape downwards with sloped area which allowed a more private space for the staff.

For the conceptual phase, the idea of combining the embassy functions in a single mass block that encompasses the official embassy building, visa/consular section and the staff residence was a really challenging decision considering

creating a representative terrace which visually connects the landscape of the site and the representative and official functions.

Designing a private residence for the ambassador was a challenger. Maintaining the idea of the one huge mass while having a detached building. The sloped roof of the villa signifies the building. A lifted terrace on columns for the private area while having a private entrance underneath. The functions of the representative and private were separated, each on a level and with separate entrances.

The site different functions and recreational zones are all separated with fences and the surrounding landscape and trees giving the sense of privacy with secure entrances to each separate zone. Reaching to the design of the elevation openings that would serve the closeness of the rigid form while allowing the natural light to enter the different interior spaces.

Finally focusing on the materials used for the building construction and exterior façade designs and colors. The design elements are all coherent with each other with a sense of harmony and a strong relation between them as all the building having the same height, expect for the villa which has a sloped roof with the highest point as the same height as the building mass, using the same exterior material finished and the same color giving a more strong identity to the embassy complex.

In conclusion, designing the embassy for Czech Republic was a unique and challenging task. It required a lot of effort and research to achieve a project that would achieve the embassy requirements and represent Czech Republic in a three month work time.

The separation between the operational and the residential functions by shifting the residential area downwards and 62

References

References.

List of Figures.

Bibliography.

63

References

List of Figures.

64

References

List of Figures Figure 1, City Map, Google Earth.

07 Figure 2, AutoCad City Map, Cadmappers.com 07 Figure 3, Tukul Village, https://www.tripadvisor.com/ Hotel_Review-g480193-d1027693-Reviews-Tukul_VillageLalibela_Amhara_Region.html 11 Figure 4, Ankober Lodge, https://www.tripadvisor.com/ LocationPhotoDirectLink-g1931480-d1916667-i89879754 -Ankober_Palace_Lodge-Ankober_Amhara_Region.html 11 Figure 5, Lalibela Church, https://www.atlasobscura.com /places/bete-giyorgis-lalibela 11 Figure 6, Original Menelik’s Palace, https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Reviewg293791-d12289003-Reviews-Menelik_ palace-Addis_Ababa.html 11 Figure 7, Emperor Menelik’s Palace, http://ethiopundit. blogspot.com/ 2005/05/yohannes-and-menelik-palaces.html 11 Figure 8, St. George Cathedral, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Addis_Ababa 12 Figure 9, Beate Maryam, https://www.sah.org/ publications-and-research/sah-blog/sah-blog/2014/12/04/ the-new-flower-addis-ababa-and-the-projectof-african-modernity 12 Figure 10, African Hall, https://journals.openedition.org/abe/3159 12 Figure 11, National Bank of Ethiopia, http://www.africanadventuretours.net/Albums/Addis%20 Ababa/pages/Addis%20Ababa%20National%20Bank.html 12

Figure 12, Late-Gothic Powder Gate, https://holeinthedonut.com/2013/08/29/photopowder-gate-prague-czech-republic/ 13 Figure 13, The Old Town Bridge Tower, https://traveltipy.com/prague-as-seen-fromcharles-bridge-towers/ 13 Figure 14, The Summer Palace, https://www.thepraguecastle.com/venues/belvedere.php 13 Figure 15, Church of St Margaret, http://www.waymarking.com/gallery/image.aspx?f =1&guid=11a4bc56-12b9-4cda-8aca-8a9f6dd44e37&gid=3 14 Figure 16, Basilica of St. George, https://www.hrad.cz/en/prague-castle-for-visitors 14 Figure 17, Municipal House, https://www.czechtourism.com/c/prague-municipal-house/ 14 Figure 18, House of the Black Madonna, https://www.prague.eu/en/articles/ czech-cubism-in-the-stylish-interiors-of-thehouse-at-the-black-madonna-12018 14 Figure 19, Villa Muller, https://powojennymodernizm. tumblr.com/post/63308009948/ adolf-loos-villa-muller-1928-1930 14 Figure 20, The Dancing House, https://www.coa.gr/ 2006-march-visit-to-the-dancing-house-in-prague/ the-dancing-house-by-vlado-milunic-and-frank-gehry/ 14 Figure 21, Addis Ababa Temperature Diagram, https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/addis-ababa_ethiopia_344979 15 65

References

Figure 22, Prague Temperature Diagram, https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/prague_czech-republic_3067696 15 Figure 23, Addis Ababa Precipitation Diagram, https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/addis-ababa_ethiopia_344979 15 Figure 24, Prague Precipitation Diagram, https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/ climatemodelled/prague_czech-republic_3067696 15 Figure 25, Sun Path Diagram and Wind, https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/addisabeba.html ?fbclid=IwAR2eybw471VK44WbiPT1d85Mdvlhl79V5X wO6wSZ3TcL9AbzNMdGG9OZy9w 16 Figure 26, Site Requirements. 17 Figure 27, Land Use Map. 18 Figure 28, Circulation and Surroundings. 19 Figure 29, Dutch Embassy Form, https://www.archdaily.com/198254/embassy-ethiopia -bjarne-mastenbroek-and-dick-van-gameren/5004d8 be28ba0d4e8d0007ef-embassy-ethiopia-bjarnemastenbroek-and-dick-van-gameren-photo 21 Figure 30, Dutch Embassy Faรงade, https://www.archdaily.com/198254/embassy-ethiopia -bjarne-mastenbroek-and-dick-van-gameren/5004d8b 928ba0d4e8d0007ed-embassy-ethiopia-bjarnemastenbroek-and-dick-van-gameren-photo 21

Figure 31,Dutch Embassy Roof Garden, https://www.archdaily.com/198254/embassy-ethiopiabjarne-mastenbroek-and-dick-van-gameren/5004d8b c28ba0d4e8d0007ee-embassy-ethiopia-bjarnemastenbroek-and-dick-van-gameren-photo 21 Figure 32, Courtyard Atmosphere, https://www.archdaily.com/915967/echenique-46building-talhouk-plus-arquitectos-asociados/5cc2c2a 1284dd184f800000f-echenique-46-building-talhoukplus-arquitectos-asociados-photo 22 Figure 33, Elevation and Section Form, https://www.archdaily.com/916125/aly-house-morearchitecture?ad_content=916125&ad_medium=widget& ad_name=featured_loop_main 22 Figure 34, Bedroom Atmosphere, https://www.archdaily.com/916551/monte-house -taco-taller-de-arquitectura-contextual 22 Figure 35, Building Form, https://deltacodes.eu/en/ news/insolation-analysis-sustainablearchitecture-design-case-study/en 23 Figure 36, Building Entrance View, https://deltacodes.eu/ en/news/insolation-analysis-sustainable-architecture -design-case-study/en 23 Figure 37, Entrance Form, http://www.fultzsingharchitects.com/ycapp-headquarters 23

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References

Figure 38, Columns and Shaded Entrance, https://www.archdaily.com/349097/ambassadorsresidence-kristin-jarmund-architects/514e100fb3fc 4b8528000025-ambassadors-residence-kristin -jarmund-architects-photo 23 Figure 39, Zoning Sketches. 26 Figure 40, Analysis of Requirements. 26 Figure 41, Rectangular Initial Block. 29 Figure 42, Initial Massing Diagram 29 Figure 43, Initial Massing Diagram 29 Figure 44, Initial Massing Diagram 29 Figure 45, Initial Massing Diagram 29 Figure 46, Working Model for Mass Trial. 30 Figure 47, Initial Massing Diagram. 30 Figure 48, Conceptual Sketch. 30 Figure 49, Working Model for Mass Trial. 30 Figure 50, Working Model for Mass Trial, Side View. 30 Figure 51, Working Model for Mass Trial, Side View. 30 Figure 52, Initial Zoning Diagram. 31 Figure 53, Site Trial Working Model. 32 Figure 54, Site Trial Working Model. 32 Figure 55, Site and Landscape Sketch Trial. 33 Figure 56, Site and Landscape Sketch Trial. 33 Figure 57, Site and Landscape Sketch Trial. 33 Figure 58, Site and Landscape Sketch Trial. 33 Figure 59, AutoCad Facade Trials 35 Figure 60, Facade Design Trial. 35

Figure 61, La Gare, https://www.sah.org/publications-and -research/sah-blog/sah-blog/2014/12/04/thenew-flower-addis-ababa-and-the-projectof-african-modernity 36 Figure 62, Lalibela Church, https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places -africa/rock-hewn-churches-lalibela-ethiopia-00154 36 Figure 63, White Paint Interior, https://www.pinterest.com/ pin/457115430912179127/ 36 Figure 64, Colloquium 2 Model 1:200. 37 Figure 65, Colloquium 2 Model 1:500. 37 Figure 66, Cultural and Environmental Analysis. 39 Figure 67, Site Map 1:5000. 40 Figure 68, Site Map 1:2000. 40 Figure 69, Massing Diagram. 41 Figure 70, Zoning Plans Diagram. 42 Figure 71, Zoning Masses Diagram. 42 Figure 72, Entrances Diagram. 43 Figure 73, Site Zoning Diagram. 44 Figure 74, Site Plan. 45 Figure 75, Basement Floor Plan. 46 Figure 76, Ground Floor Plan with Surroundings. 47 Figure 77, First Floor Plan. 49 Figure 78, Second Floor Plan. 49 Figure 79, North Elevation. 50 Figure 80, West Elevation. 51 Figure 81, South Elevation. 51 Figure 82, East Elevation. 51 67

References

Figure 83, Section 1. 52 Figure 84, Section 3. 52 Figure 85, Section 2. 53 Figure 86, Section 4. 53 Figure 87, Section 5. 53 Figure 88, Section/Elevation Facade. 54 Figure 89, Interior Shot 1. 55 Figure 90, Interior Shot 2. 55 Figure 91, Exterior Shot 1. 56 Figure 92, Exterior Shot 2. 57 Figure 93, Exterior Shot 3. 58 Figure 94, Exterior Shot 4. 58 Figure 95, Different Form Trials. 60 Figure 96, Different Form Trials. 60

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Bibliography.

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References

Bibliography https://www.slideshare.net/Bekark/lecture-6-addis-ababa-style-architecture https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/18 https://www.prague-guide.co.uk/architectural-styles-in-prague/ https://study.com/academy/lesson/czech-architecture-history-gothic-baroque-renaissance. html http://www.culturenet.cz/en/Czech-in/architecture/an-intro-to-czech-architecture/ https://weather-and-climate.com/ https://www.mecanoo.nl/Projects/project/72/Ethiopia-Dutch-Embassy/t/0 https://www.archdaily.com/198254/embassy-ethiopia-bjarne-mastenbroek-and-dick-vangameren

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